Distribution of mining-related trace elements in streambed and flood-plain sediment along the middle Big River and tributaries in the Southeast Missouri Barite District, 2012–15
<p>Lead mining first began in the Big River watershed during the 1700s. Lead was the primary metal mined throughout most of the 1700s and early 1800s and it…
Public-domain full text preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library. Original source: pubs.usgs.gov.
Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River and Tributaries in the Southeast Missouri Barite District, 2012–15 Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5103 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey
Front cover. U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic technicians operating the geoprobe used in floodplain sampling. Coring rod used during flood-plain sampling (circular photograph). Flood plain of the Fourche Renault Creek (background photograph). Back cover. Upstream view of Mineral Fork Creek near its mouth at the Big River.
Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and FloodPlain Sediment along the Middle Big River and Tributaries in the Southeast Missouri Barite District, 2012–15 By David C. Smith and John G. Schumacher Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5103 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior RYAN K. ZINKE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey James F. Reilly II, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2018 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit ://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit ://store.usgs.gov. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. Suggested citation: Smith, D.C., and Schumacher, J.G., 2018, Distribution of mining-related trace elements in streambed and flood-plain sediment along the middle Big River and tributaries in the Southeast Missouri Barite District, 2012–15: U.S. Geologi cal Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5103, 89 p., ://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185103. ISSN 2328-0328 (online)
Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Mining History 3 Previous Studies 3 Description of Study Area 4 Purpose and Scope 4 Methods 4 Streambed Sediment 4 Flood-Plain Sediment 8 December 2015 Flood Deposits 11 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 11 Replicate and Split Replicate Samples 11 Check Standards 13 Blanks 16 Laboratory Confirmation Samples 16 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment 20 Streambed Sediments 20 Flood-Plain Sediments 24 December 2015 Flood Deposits 29 Summary and Conclusions 35 References 38 Tables 6–9 41 Figures
1. Map showing approximate extent of mined areas in the Big River watershed and locations of U.S. Geological Survey streamgage stations and streambed-sediment sample locations along the Big River, Missouri, 2012 2
2. Photograph showing stacked sieves in preparation of mechanical sieving process 8
3. Process for splitting and sieving streambed-sediment and flood-plain sediment samples 9
4. Map showing location of flood-plain core transects along tributaries draining the Barite District and nearby Big River, Missouri, 2014 10
5. Map showing location of samples collected from the middle and lower Big River watershed of sediment deposited by the December 2015 flood, Missouri, 2016 12
6. Examples of fine-grained sediments deposited by the December 2015 flood in the Big River watershed 13
7. Plots showing comparison of concentrations of barium, lead, and zinc in laboratory subsamples and concentrations reported by the x-ray fluorescence analysis in original samples 20
8. Graphs showing average concentrations of selected metals in streambed-sediment samples from the middle reach of the Big River and tributaries draining the Barite District 21
9. Graphs showing concentrations and mass ratios of selected constituents in the less than 0.063-millimeter size fraction of streambed-sediment samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during 1988–2012 and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service during 1980–81 in the Big River watershed 23
10. Images showing flood-plain core location along streams draining the Barite District, Missouri, 2014 25
11. Graphs showing concentrations of barium, lead, and zinc determined by x-ray fluorescence from selected flood-plain bulk core and selected size-fraction samples, Missouri, 2014 27
12. Graphs showing concentrations of barium, lead, and zinc determined by x-ray fluorescence in bulk cores collected from two locations on the Mineral Fork Creek flood plain and one shallow core on the Big River flood plain near transect MFC-A, Barite District, Missouri, 2014 28
13. Graphs showing concentrations of barium, lead, and zinc determined by x-ray fluorescence in bulk cores collected from two locations on the Mill Creek flood plain 30
14. Graphs showing concentration of barium, lead, and zinc and location of bulk samples collected from sediment deposited by the December 2015 flood in the middle and lower Big River watershed, Missouri, 2016 31
15. Graphs showing ratios of selected elements in deposited sediments from the December 2015 flood and streambed-sediment samples 36
16. Graphs showing ratios of selected elements in deposited sediments from the December 2015 flood and streambed-sediment samples 37 Tables
1. Location of streambed-sediment samples, flood-plain sediment samples, and sediment deposited on the flood plain during the December 2015 flood and underlying soils, and flood-plain cores collected from the middle Big River and its tributaries and tributaries draining the Barite District, Missouri, 2012–16 5
2. Relative percent difference between original and split replicate streambed-sediment samples analyzed by the laboratory 14
3. Results of analyses of standard reference materials by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency x-ray fluorescence unit 17
4. Results of analyses of standard reference materials by the x-ray fluorescence unit 18
5. Concentrations of major and trace elements in quality assurance blank samples processed through sample splitting and sieve equipment 19
6. Comparison of concentrations of selected trace elements in various size fractions of flood-plain core samples analyzed by the laboratory and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency x-ray fluorescence unit 42
7. Concentrations of major and trace constituents determined by laboratory analysis of various size fractions of streambed-sediment collected from the middle Big River and tributaries draining the Barite District, Missouri, 2012 48
8. Select trace element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in various size fractions of sieved samples from flood-plain boreholes along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014 55
9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014 65
10. Concentrations of select trace elements determined by x-ray fluorescence in sediment deposited on the flood plain from the December 2015 flood and in underlying soils, Missouri, 2016 32 Conversion Factors U.S. customary units to International System of Units Multiply By To obtain Length inch (in.) centimeter (cm) inch (in.) millimeter (mm) foot (ft) meter (m) mile (mi) kilometer (km) Area acre 4,047 square meter (m2) acre hectare (ha) acre square hectometer (hm2) acre square kilometer (km2) square mile (mi2) hectare (ha) square mile (mi2) square kilometer (km2) Volume gallon (gal) liter (L) gallon (gal) cubic meter (m3) gallon (gal) cubic decimeter (dm3) cubic yard (yd3) cubic meter (m3) Mass ounce, avoirdupois (oz) 28,350 milligrams (mg) ounce, avoirdupois (oz) gram (g) pound, avoirdupois (lb) kilogram (kg) ton, short (2,000 lb) megagram (Mg) ton, long (2,240 lb) megagram (Mg) Flow rate cubic foot per second (ft3/s) cubic meter per second (m3/s)
International System of Units to U.S. customary units Multiply By To obtain Length centimeter (cm) inch (in.) millimeter (mm) inch (in.) meter (m) foot (ft) kilometer (km) mile (mi) Area square meter (m2) 0.0002471 acre hectare (ha) acre square hectometer (hm2) acre square kilometer (km2) acre hectare (ha) square mile (mi2) square kilometer (km2) square mile (mi2) Volume liter (L) gallon (gal) cubic meter (m3) gallon (gal) cubic decimeter (dm3) gallon (gal) cubic meter (m3) cubic yard (yd3) Mass milligram (mg) ounce, avoirdupois (oz) gram (g) ounce, avoirdupois (oz) kilogram (kg) pound avoirdupois (lb) megagram (Mg) ton, short (2,000 lb) megagram (Mg) ton, long (2,240 lb) Flow rate cubic meter per second (m3/s) cubic foot per second (ft3/s) Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as
°F=(1.8×°C)+32. Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 15.
Abbreviations
less than
greater than CMERSC Central Mineral and Environmental Resources
Science Center DQO
data quality objective EPA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency HWM
high water mark ICP–AES inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission
spectrometry ICP–MS inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry MOWSC Missouri Water Science Center MPV
most probable value MSL
Missouri Sediment Laboratory NIST
National Institute of Standards and Technology PEC
probable effects concentration RCRA
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RPD
relative percent difference RSD
relative standard deviation USGS
U.S. Geological Survey XRF
x-ray fluorescence
Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River and Tributaries in the Southeast Missouri Barite District, 2012–15 By David C. Smith and John G. Schumacher Abstract Lead mining first began in the Big River watershed dur ing the 1700s. Lead was the primary metal mined throughout most of the 1700s and early 1800s and it continued to be mined until the mid-1900s. Barite mining began in the middle part of the watershed in the mid- to late 1800s. Although con siderable attention has been given to concentrations of miningrelated trace elements (mostly cadmium, lead, and zinc) in the Big River and its tributaries draining the Old Lead Belt, there is less information regarding concentrations of mining-related trace elements in tributaries draining the Barite District in southeast Missouri, which is downstream from the Old Lead Belt, and the contribution of sediment transported from this district to trace elements in lower reaches of the Big River. The purpose of this report is to present results of an investi gation of the distribution of mining-related trace elements in sediments in the middle reach of the Big River downstream from the Old Lead Belt and the Big River tributaries that drain a large part of the Barite District. In general, concentrations of cadmium and lead in streambed sediment were largest in samples from the Big River and smallest in Barite District tributary samples. Con centrations of zinc were somewhat similar in the Big River and Barite District tributaries; however, higher concentrations were present in upstream Big River site samples, as well as in samples from one site on Maddin Creek and at another site on Old Mines Creek that drains the Barite District. Barium con centrations were considerably larger in samples from Barite District tributaries compared to samples collected on the Big River. Samples collected downstream from the Barite District on the Big River had considerably larger barium concentra tions than samples collected upstream from the Barite District. Flood-plain core samples were collected from 26 cores at 5 transect locations along tributaries in the Barite District. Of the individual 693 bulk (unsieved) samples from these cores analyzed by x-ray fluorescence, the probable effects concentration (PEC) values were exceeded for cadmium (PEC of 4.98 milligrams per kilogram [mg/kg], 218 samples), lead (PEC of 128 mg/kg, 91 samples), nickel (PEC of 48.6 mg/kg, 45 samples), and zinc (PEC of 459 mg/kg, 77 samples). Of the 693 samples, 21 exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency residential yard cleanup level of 400 mg/kg for lead; 19 of these were samples from a single transect near the mouth of Mineral Fork Creek where its flood plain joins the Big River flood plain. Shortly after the December 2015 flood on the Big River (the third largest flood along the river since the 1950s), 23 samples of fine sediment deposited from the flood were collected from the Big River flood plain upstream and down stream from the Barite District and several tributaries. Overall, the general pattern of barium, lead, and zinc concentrations in the 2015 flood sediment samples was similar to that observed in the streambed-sediment samples. Overall concentrations of barium were larger at Big River sites downstream from the Barite District, and cadmium, lead, and zinc concentrations were generally similar or smaller at sites downstream from the Barite District when compared to sites upstream from the Barite District. These data indicate a substantial influx of barium from the Barite District into the Big River but only a minimal influx of cadmium, lead, and zinc. Introduction Missouri has been a leading producer of lead in the world for more than 100 years (Missouri Department of Natural Resources, 2014). Ore minerals of lead (mostly galena and lead sulfide), zinc (sphalerite and zinc sulfide), and barium (barite and barium sulfate) are present across southeast Mis souri with some of the most abundant deposits within the Big River watershed in parts of Washington, Jefferson, and St. Francois Counties, Missouri (fig. 1).
2 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River IRON COUNTY JEFFERSON COUNTY FRANKLIN COUNTY WASHINGTON COUNTY SAINT FRANCOIS COUNTY SAINTE GENEVIEVE COUNTY CRAWFORD COUNTY SAINT LOUIS COUNTY Maddin Creek Confluence Creek Indian Mineral Fork M e ram e
R er o u r tois C ree k Cr M Mi ss is si pp Ri ve r Bou rbeuse River Bi g R e r Big
Ri ver Fourche Renault Cr EXPLANATION Old Lead Belt Bonne Terre Mineral Point Park Hills MF-07 MF-08 MF-05 MF-06 MF-01–04 ML-02 ML-04 BR-06 BR-07 Big River near Irondale Big River at Byrnesville BR-03 BR-02 BR-01 BR-01 BR-04 10 MILES 10 KILOMETERS Mining data from Mugel, 2017 91°00’ 38°30’ 38°00’ 90°30’ Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, various scales, variously dated Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 15 Big River below Bonne Terre Big River near Desloge BR-05 Extent of the Big River watershed Major barite mined areas that represent the Barite District Major lead mined areas 2012 Streambed-sediment sample and identifier Streamgage and identifier ML-01 ML-03 MF-03OM Big River near Richwoods MD-01 MISSOURI Study area Figure 1. Approximate extent of mined areas in the Big River watershed and locations of U.S. Geological Survey streamgage stations and streambed-sediment sample locations along the Big River, Missouri, 2012.
Introduction 3 Mining History Lead mining first began in the Big River watershed dur ing the 1700s with shallow diggings in surficial materials. In the early 1800s, the mining evolved into development of shallow shafts (less than about 50 feet [ft] deep). In the 1860s, lead ore was discovered several hundred feet beneath the surface near Bonne Terre and Park Hills, Mo., in what is now referred to as the Old Lead Belt. Lead was the primary metal mined in the watershed throughout most of the 1700s and early 1800s and it was mined through the mid-1900s. More than 8.5 million tons of lead was produced from the Old Lead Belt part of the Big River watershed before the last mine was closed in 1972 (Mugel, 2017). Zinc became an important metal commodity in the mid-1800s and barium in the early 1900s. Mining for barite began in the watershed in the mid- to late 1800s initially by handpicking barite “chunks” from small hand-dug pits in the clay-rich soils. Large mechanized strip-mining operations with centralized mills for washing and grinding of barite replaced the hand methods in the 1940s. Barite mining was centered in the eastern part of Washington County and southwest part of Jefferson County, Mo., mostly within the watersheds of three tributaries (Mineral Fork Creek, Maddin Creek, and Mill Creek) that enter the Big River about 20 miles (mi) downstream from the Old Lead Belt (Mugel, 2017). This area had previously been mined for lead and zinc and there was some limited lead recovery during the barite mining (Weigel, 1977). Barite mining peaked in the early 1970s and the last mine closed in the 1990s. Wharton (1972) estimated 11.8 million tons of barite was produced from the Barite District. Lead ore (primarily galena) was the first commodity mined in the 1700s by early Europeans in the watershed; however, some zinc was recovered starting in the early to mid-1800s. The earliest lead mines in the late 1700s and early 1800s were referred to as “diggings” (also called “pits” or “shafts”) in the residual soil and were about 15–20 ft deep (Schoolcraft, 1819). These hand-dug features were round holes about 4 ft in diameter normally dug to the top of the bedrock where lead ore was often concentrated. Some of the deeper shafts used horse whim or later a steam-powered windlass to hoist the ore to the surface (Ball, 1916). Small horizontal drifts were dug short distances under the residuum until they became unstable and then the shaft was abandoned and the process was repeated a short distance away until the landscape was covered with pits in areas rich in lead ore (Ball, 1916). Early ore processing methods were crude and began with simple hand cleaning using hammers to remove non-ore material (waste) from the galena that was smelted in small fur naces. The waste containing other lead minerals (cerrusite and anglesite), zinc ore, and barite (“tiff”) was placed in nearby “dumps” until the 1800s when these minerals started being recovered. By the mid-1800s, mining operations were active in some shafts as deep as 170 ft and drifted several hundred feet long. In the 1860s, most of the lead and zinc mining in the Barite District shifted to the vast underground deposits discovered in the Old Lead Belt near the towns of Parks Hills and Bonne Terre in the 1860s (Ball, 1916; fig. 1). Mining of barite in the region began in the mid-1800s as commercial uses were determined for the “tiff” formally discarded during earlier lead and zinc mining—mostly as paint pigment. By the 1870s, small-scale hand mining of barite was taking place across a wide area estimated by Tarr (1919) to be about 250 square miles (mi2) in mostly locally owned individual prospects. Beginning in the late 1920s, larger scale mechanized barite strip mining was driven by barium, becom ing an important additive in drilling mud used in drilling oil wells (Burford, 1978). Hand mining, however, continued to be important until the 1940s when mechanized strip mining became the dominant practice. At the peak of mechanized strip mining in the 1950s and 1960s, there were nearly 30 wash plants (where barite extracted from the overburden was washed to remove clay and impurities) in the region and 4 grinding plants in the vicinity of Mineral Point, northeast of Potosi, Mo. Mechanical strip mining eventually occurred over about a 75-mi2 area, with at least 25 mi2 of actual strip mines (Mugel, 2017). By 1972, an estimated 11.8 million tons of barite had been produced from the Barite District (Wharton, 1972, 1975). Some barite was mined in tributaries to the upper reaches of Big River upstream from the Big River near Irondale streamgage (U.S. Geological Survey [USGS] station 07017200; fig. 1) but no barite mineralization occurred within the rich lead and zinc deposits of the Old Lead Belt. The last barite mine closed in the 1990s. Previous Studies More than 200 years of lead and zinc mining and 100 years of barite mining has left a legacy of mine waste con tamination in the Big River watershed. The most obvious signs are large mine waste piles (hundreds of acres in size and often more than 100 ft tall), metal-rich sediments that discharge from the piles to local streams in the Old Lead Belt, and large tracts of disturbed and partially vegetated land and mill ponds in the Barite District about 20 mi northwest of the Old Lead Belt. There have been at least 16 major documented releases of mine wastes in the Big River or its tributaries (Meneau, 2016). One of these releases occurred in 1975 when a barite mill pond failed along Mill Creek and another release occurred in 1977 when about 50,000 cubic yards (yd3) of lead-zinc mine waste from a tailings impoundment in the Old Lead Belt near Park Hills, Mo., was released into the adjacent Big River. The barite mill dam failure resulted in a fish kill along about a 12-mi reach from Mill Creek and extending into the Big River. Red, turbid water downstream was noticeable in the final 73 mi of the Big River and benthic invertebrate populations were impaired (Duchrow, 1976). Many studies regarding the Big River have documented elevated levels of lead, zinc, and cadmium in algae, plants, crayfish, mussels, fish, and stream sediments (for example, Schmitt and Finger, 1982; Kramer, 1976; Smith and Schumacher; 1991; Pavlowsky and others,
4 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River 2010). Lead concentrations in fish have resulted in fish con sumption advisories for the 93-mi reach of the Big River from the Old Lead Belt to its mouth at the Meramec River (Mis souri Department of Health and Senior Services, 2018). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is in the process of remediating lead-contaminated soils identified at thousands of properties in the watershed (EPA, 2011, 2016). Although considerable attention has been given to concentrations of mining-related trace elements (mostly cadmium, lead, and zinc) in the Big River and its tributaries draining the Old Lead Belt, there is less information regarding concentrations of mining-related trace elements in tributaries draining the Barite District and the contributions of Barite District sediments to metal concentrations in lower reaches of the Big River. Description of Study Area The Big River has a watershed of about 912 mi2 in southeastern Missouri (fig. 1). The study area is about 45 mi southwest of St. Louis, Mo.; is centered on the Barite District of southeast Missouri draining into the Big River; and includes about 90 mi2 of the middle part of the Big River watershed in eastern Washington County and western Jefferson County, Mo. Barite mining occurred throughout much of the western part of the Big River watershed but was concentrated to about a 200-mi2 region that included watersheds of the Big River tributaries Mineral Fork Creek (190 mi2); Mill Creek (51 mi2); and Maddin Creek (4.5 mi2), which is part of about a 25-mi long reach of the Big River between the Big River below Bonne Terre streamgage (USGS station 07017610; fig. 1) and the Big River near Richwoods streamgage (USGS station 07018100; fig. 1). Purpose and Scope The purpose of this report is to present results of an investigation of the distribution of mining-related trace ele ments in sediments in the middle reach of the Big River and its tributaries that drain a large part of the Barite District. A focus of the study was to contrast mining-related traceelement concentrations in tributaries draining mined areas in the Barite District with trace-element concentrations in the middle reach of the Big River that drains the Old Lead Belt Subdistrict of the Southeast Missouri Lead District, which is about 35 mi upstream from the Barite District. Three general geomorphological features were the focus of sediment collec tion. Streambed-sediment samples were collected during 2012 at 10 locations along 3 tributaries draining the Barite District and at 5 locations on the Big River. Core samples of floodplain deposits were collected in 2013 from 26 cores along two tributaries draining the Barite District (Mineral Fork Creek and Mill Creek) and along a tributary of Mineral Fork Creek upstream from the Barite District (Fourche Renault Creek). Fine sediments deposited by the December 2015 flood event were collected from locations along the Big River upstream and downstream from the Barite District and along Barite District tributaries. Methods All samples were collected by USGS personnel and trans ported to the USGS Missouri Sediment Laboratory (MSL) in Rolla, Mo., for initial particle-size distribution processing, which included drying, disaggregating, splitting, and sieving of samples. After processing, samples were sent to the USGS Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center (CMERSC) laboratory in Denver, Co., for elemental analyses, using either inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spec trometry (ICP–AES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) methods or the x-ray fluorescence (XRF) method. All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in the main text of this publication. To assess the effects of select trace elements on aquatic life in freshwater systems, MacDonald and others (2000) developed consensus-based probable effects concentrations (PECs). If the PEC is exceeded, there is an increased chance that the overabundance of trace elements in freshwater habitats can result in toxicity to aquatic life. The PEC is commonly used by regulatory agencies to assess damage to ecosystems. The reported PECs for cadmium (4.98 milligrams per kilo gram [mg/kg]), lead (128 mg/kg), and zinc (459 mg/kg) are used in this report as a general guideline for evaluating the concentrations of mining-related trace elements and the prob able danger posed to aquatic life in streams. Streambed Sediment During August 2012, streambed-sediment samples were collected at 10 locations along 3 tributaries draining the Barite District (Mineral Fork Creek, Maddin Creek, and Mill Creek) and at 5 locations on the Big River—2 upstream and 3 downstream from the Barite District (table 1 and fig. 1). Data generated during this study are available from ScienceBase (Smith and Wilson, 2018). Composite samples of streambed sediments were collected at each location along a stream reach equal to three channel widths. Within the sampled reach, 20–30 subsamples targeting depositional areas of fine-grained sediments were collected. Depositional areas for fine-grained sediment are commonly located where the current velocity decreases, typically because of a decrease in streambed slope, or downstream from channel obstructions such as large rocks or woody debris. All subsamples were collected from the upper 2–3 inches (in.) of the sediment bed using a 2-in. diam eter polyvinylchloride cup. Subsamples were placed directly into large (1 gallon) plastic bags for transport to the MSL. Streambed-sediment samples were dried and then split and sieved for grain-size and chemical analyses. Samples were initially air dried for several days to remove excessive water from the bags and then transferred to nonmetallic trays and
Methods 5 Table 1. Location of streambed-sediment samples, flood-plain sediment samples, and sediment deposited on the flood plain during the December 2015 flood and underlying soils, and flood-plain cores collected from the middle Big River and its tributaries and tributaries draining the Barite District, Missouri, 2012–16. [Latitude and longitude are in decimal degrees. USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; --, not applicable; (N), pre-2015 deposit soil from 6 to 8 inches below original grade] Site identifier Site name Date of sample USGS station identifier Latitude Longitude Streambed sediment Big River BR-01 Big River at Byrnesville August 2012 38.39172220 −90.63780560 BR-02 Big River near Richwoods August 2012 38.15961110 −90.70605560 BR-03 Big River at Mammoth Conservation Access August 2012 380722090403501 38.12277778 −90.67638889 BR-04 Big River above Mill Creek confluence August 2012 380024090372501 38.00666667 −90.62361111 BR-05 Big River below Bonne Terre August 2012 37.96552778 −90.57441670 Maddin Creek MD-01 Maddin Creek at Baryties 380343090393201 38.06194444 −90.65888889 Mineral Fork MF-01 Mineral Fork near Big River confluence August 2012 380604090405501 38.10111111 −90.68194444 MF-02 Mineral Fork near Washington County State Park August 2012 380542090410901 38.09500000 −90.68583333 MF-03 Mineral Fork at Kingston conservation access August 2012 380545090424001 38.09583333 −90.71111111 MF-04 Mineral Fork near Bliss, at Highway 47 bridge August 2012 380545090445001 38.09583333 −90.74722222 Old Mines Creek MF-03OM Old Mines Creek at Cruise Mill 380459090440001 38.08305556 −90.73333333 Mill Creek ML-01 Mill Creek near Big River confluence August 2012 380159090372801 38.03305556 −90.62444444 ML-02 Mill Creek at Dark Hollow near Blackwell, Missouri August 2012 380153090374601 38.03138889 −90.62944444 ML-03 Mill Creek below Tiff, Missouri August 2012 380123090390201 38.02305556 −90.65055556 ML-04 Mill Creek at Tiff, Missouri August 2012 380056090390601 38.01555556 −90.65166667 Flood-plain cores Mill Creek MLC-03-02 Mill Creek above Blackwell, Missouri August 2014 38.03121001 −90.62926426 MLC-A-03 Mill Creek above Blackwell, Missouri August 2014 38.03109200 −90.62906208 MLC-A-04 Mill Creek above Blackwell, Missouri August 2014 38.03096669 −90.62888967 MLC-A-5 Mill Creek above Blackwell, Missouri August 2014 38.03087147 −90.62870560 MLC-A-01 Mill Creek above Blackwell, Missouri August 2014 38.03159298 −90.62954966 MLC-B-01 Mill Creek below Tiff, Missouri August 2014 38.01307811 −90.65283819 MLC-B-04 Mill Creek below Tiff, Missouri August 2014 38.01353996 −90.65318327 MLC-B-03 Mill Creek below Tiff, Missouri August 2014 38.01334617 −90.65300114 MLC-B-02 Mill Creek below Tiff, Missouri August 2014 38.01324030 −90.65289770 MLC-B-05 Mill Creek below Tiff, Missouri August 2014 38.01362243 −90.65175709
6 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 1. Location of streambed-sediment samples, flood-plain sediment samples, and sediment deposited on the flood plain during the December 2015 flood and underlying soils, and flood-plain cores collected from the middle Big River and its tributaries and tributaries draining the Barite District, Missouri, 2012–16.—Continued [Latitude and longitude are in decimal degrees. USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; --, not applicable; (N), pre-2015 deposit soil from 6 to 8 inches below original grade] Site identifier Site name Date of sample USGS station identifier Latitude Longitude Mineral Fork MFC-B-05 Mineral Fork, near Kingston conservation access August 2014 38.09811621 −90.71098798 MFC-B-04 Mineral Fork, near Kingston conservation access August 2014 38.09782770 −90.71091120 MFC-B-03 Mineral Fork, near Kingston conservation access August 2014 38.09754012 −90.71086510 MFC-B-02 Mineral Fork, near Kingston conservation access August 2014 38.09711390 −90.71075848 MFC-B-00 Mineral Fork, at Kingston conservation access August 2014 38.09464233 −90.71110809 MFC-B-01 Mineral Fork, near Kingston conservation access August 2014 38.09642893 −90.71061121 MFC-A-01 Mineral Fork, near Washington County State Park August 2014 38.09500099 −90.68499411 MFC-A-02 Mineral Fork, near Washington County State Park August 2014 38.09488188 −90.68469252 MFC-A-03 Mineral Fork, near Washington County State Park August 2014 38.09459388 −90.68429011 FR-02 Fourche Renault near Missouri Route 185 August 2014 38.01621680 −90.87406293 FR-01 Fourche Renault near Missouri Route 185 August 2014 38.01614916 −90.87387032 FR-03 Fourche Renault near Missouri Route 185 August 2014 38.01632568 −90.87435974 FR-04 Fourche Renault near Missouri Route 185 August 2014 38.01643163 −90.87467599 FR-05 Fourche Renault near Missouri Route 185 August 2014 38.01654889 −90.87494002 BR-FP Big River at Mineral Fork Creek August 2014 38.09513938 −90.68090717 Flood-plain sediment samples from December 2015 flood deposits Big River, upstream from Washington County Barite District BR-26 Newberry Riffle January 2016 37.89461736 −90.50110910 BR-27 Newberry Riffle January 2016 37.89496385 −90.50068569 BR-21 St. Francois State Park picnic area January 2016 37.95650904 −90.54102482 BR-22 St. Francois State Park picnic area January 2016 37.95882783 −90.54092220 BR-23 St. Francois State Park picnic area January 2016 37.95768760 −90.54083677 BR-25 St. Francois State Park at mouth of Coonville Creek January 2016 37.96753634 −90.53397886 BR-24 St. Francois State Park at mouth of Coonville Creek January 2016 37.96737277 −90.53400326 Big River, downstream from Washington County Barite District BR-19 Washington State Park Highway 21 access January 2016 38.08624733 −90.66251416 BR-18 Washington State Park Highway 21 access January 2016 38.08631355 −90.66282357 BR-18-SL (N) Washington State Park Highway 21 access January 2016 38.08638745 −90.66267720
Methods 7 Table 1. Location of streambed-sediment samples, flood-plain sediment samples, and sediment deposited on the flood plain during the December 2015 flood and underlying soils, and flood-plain cores collected from the middle Big River and its tributaries and tributaries draining the Barite District, Missouri, 2012–16.—Continued [Latitude and longitude are in decimal degrees. USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; --, not applicable; (N), pre-2015 deposit soil from 6 to 8 inches below original grade] Site identifier Site name Date of sample USGS station identifier Latitude Longitude BR-16 Washington State Park-picnic ground January 2016 38.08550212 −90.68408542 Big River, downstream from Washington County Barite District—Continued BR-17 Washington State Park-picnic ground January 2016 38.08696335 −90.68146159 BR-20 Mamouth access January 2016 38.12123807 −90.67663483 BR-20-SL (N) Mamouth access January 2016 38.12119913 −90.67659720 BR-15 Highway H Conservation access January 2016 38.16321236 −90.70905813 BR-15-SL (N) Highway H Conservation access January 2016 38.16314652 −90.70902381 BR-14 Brown’s Ford January 2016 38.21327342 −90.70629705 BR-14-SL (N) Brown’s Ford January 2016 38.21332693 −90.70622008 BR-13 Brown’s Ford January 2016 38.21334513 −90.70644096 Dry Creek, Jefferson County tributary to the Big River DC-01 Dry Creek at Butcher Branch Road January 2016 38.21995843 −90.65556413 DC-01-SL (N) Dry Creek at Butcher Branch Road January 2016 38.21978792 −90.65616556 Mineral Fork Creek and tributary, Washington County Barite District Big River tributary MF-01 Mineral Fork at US Highway 47 (in channel) January 2016 38.09535685 −90.74731573 MF-01-SL (N) Mineral Fork at US Highway 47 (flood plain) January 2016 38.09541208 −90.74730107 OMC-01 Old Mines Creek at Highway 47 January 2016 38.07563792 −90.73939475 MF-02 Mineral Fork Kingsington access January 2016 38.09568013 −90.71118600 MF-03 Mineral Fork Kingsington access January 2016 38.09305497 −90.71163005 Mill Creek and tributaries, Washington County Barite District Big River tributary FBT-01 Fountain Farm Brook of Mill Creek at Highway E January 2016 37.97596575 −90.72775964 UK-01 Unknown tributary to Sibboleth Brook at Highway E January 2016 38.02561166 −90.69180239 ML-01 Mill Creek at Tiff Road January 2016 38.01573115 −90.65096492
8 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River dried at 60 degrees Celsius (°C) in laboratory ovens. After dry ing, the entire sample was sieved through two stacked stain less-steel sieves with mesh sizes of 25 and 2 millimeters (mm; fig. 2). The total weight of material retained on the sieves and the weight of the material passing through the 2-mm sieve were recorded. Material that passed through the 2-mm sieve was split into two subsamples—split A and split B—using a stainless-steel splitter with a 2-mm opening, and the weights of both subsamples were recorded (fig. 3). A representa tive fraction of split A (ideally approximately 2 grams, but a minimum of 0.5 gram) was removed for the chemical analysis of the <2-mm fraction (fig. 3). The remaining fraction of split A was sieved through a 0.250-mm sieve and a representative fraction of material that passed through the 0.250-mm sieve (pan material) was removed for the chemical analysis of the less than 0.250-mm fraction (ideally approximately 2 grams but a minimum of 0.5 gram) after the weights of material retained on the sieve and in the pan were recorded. Split B was further separated into two additional splits—split B1 and split B2—using the stainless-steel splitter. Split B1 was sieved through stacked sieves with openings of 0.250 mm and 0.063 mm using the sieve shaker. Weights of each fraction remaining on the sieves and the pan were recorded before a fraction from the pan (<0.063 mm) was collected for chemical analyses. Split B2 was archived. Subsamples from three size fractions (<2 mm, <0.250 mm, and <0.063 mm) of each of the 15 streambed-sed iment samples were placed in sealed plastic bags and sent to the USGS CMERSC laboratory for determinations of 42 major and trace elements. Major and trace elements were analyzed by the CMERSC contract laboratory using ICP–AES and ICP–MS. The samples were decomposed using a mixture of hydrochloric, nitric, perchloric, and hydrofluoric acids at low temperature. An aliquot of the digested sample was aspirated into the ICP–AES and ICP–MS to determine concentrations of major and trace elements. Calibration on the ICP–AES is completed by standardizing with digested rock reference mate rials and a series of multiple element solution standards. The ICP–MS was calibrated with aqueous standards, and internal standards were used to compensate for matrix effects and internal drifts (Taggart, 2002). Flood-Plain Sediment Flood-plain sediment samples were collected from cores at six sites along tributaries draining the Barite District (table 1; fig. 4). Flood-plain core transects were co-located with previously collected 2012 streambed-sediment sample locations, except for FR in the upper part of the Mineral Fork Creek along Fourche Renault Creek and a single location on the Big River flood plain just upstream from Mineral Fork Creek (BR-FP). Fourche Renault Creek ends where Mineral Fork Creek begins. At each site, an attempt was made to drill a transect of cores across the flood plain. Five to six cores were generally spaced evenly across the flood plain from the outer edge where the ground elevation increased to near each creek with a few exceptions. Two sites were hand-cored sites with only 3 (MFC-A) and 1 (BR-FP) sampling locations due to no vehicle access. Two cores (MFC-B-00 and MLC-B-05) were offset from the original flood-plain transect due to difficult access. Cores were drilled to refusal using a truck or tractormounted Geoprobe™ direct-push soil-sampling unit. To pro vide higher resolution for soil near the surface, a small trench was hand dug adjacent to each core and soil samples were collected at 1-in. intervals from 0 to 6 in. deep and then at intervals from 6 to 9 in. and 9 to 12 in. deep. Continuous core samples were collected from each core using a 4-ft long, 2.25in. outside diameter core barrel to collect a 1.125-in. diameter core. The core barrel had a clear acetate liner that prevented contact with the metal core barrel. The core barrel was pushed into the subsurface in approximately 4-ft runs until refusal. The core barrel was then mechanically removed after each run and opened to remove the acetate liner containing the core sample. The length of core inside the liner was measured to determine the percent recovery, which is the length of recov ered core divided by the length of the run. Plastic caps were placed on both ends of the plastic liner and secured with elec trical tape. The plastic liner was labeled with the date, time, depth, orientation, and core identification. A tape measurement was made in the open hole to verify the depth between pushes and ensure that the hole did not collapse. Ensuring the hole has not collapsed allows the core barrel to be pushed through the hole directly to the next undisturbed section without extra Figure 2. Photograph showing stacked sieves in preparation of mechanical sieving process (photograph by David C. Smith, U.S. Geological Survey).
Methods 9 25-mm sieve (weight recorded) 2-mm sieve (weight recorded) >0.250 mm (weight recorded) >0.063 mm (weight recorded) <0.063 mm (weight recorded) >0.250-mm (retained to waste) Dry and disaggregate Split A (archived) <0.250-mm fraction Recombine with Split B1 if insufficient mass of <0.063-mm size fraction available for ICP analysis Split B (weight recorded) Split B1 Split B1 Split B2 (archived) <2-mm fraction (weight recorded) Precision splitter Precision splitter (surficial streambed samples only) grams <2-mm ICP fraction grams <0.250-mm ICP fraction Entire amount for ICP of <0.063-mm fraction Streambed composite or gravel bar core sample mm
ICP weight recorded EXPLANATION Millimeter Less than Greater than Inductively coupled plasma Figure 3. Process for splitting and sieving streambed-sediment and flood-plain sediment samples.
10 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River B g
R e r B g
Rive r M ad de n Cr ee k Four che
R e n a u lt Creek M n e r a F or k Old Mi nes re ek M
re ek Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1995,1:100,000, and U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Streams from National Hydrography Dataset, 2011, 1:100,000 Roads from National Highway Planning Network, 2017 Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 15 EXPLANATION Mining data from Mugel (2017) 90°50’ 38°10’ 38°00’ 90°40’ FR MLC-B MFC-B MFC-A BR-FP Potosi Terre Du Lac De Soto 4 MILES 4 KILOMETERS JEFFERSON COUNTY WASHINGTON COUNTY SAINT FRANCOIS COUNTY Barite mined areas Major barite mined areas Barite waste pond Watershed boundary MFC-B Flood-plain transect and identifier MLC-A Figure 4. Location of flood-plain core transects along tributaries draining the Barite District and nearby Big River, Missouri, 2014.
Methods 11 material falling in over the undisturbed sample. The core barrel may pick up soil from shallower depths than the target depth if the hole collapses. Measuring the depth of the hole ensured that the sample was representative of the target depth. This process was done after each run until the sampler met refusal. The core samples inside the acetate liners were trans ported to the USGS office in Rolla, Mo. The acetate tubes containing flood-plain cores were cut lengthwise with a special core cutting knife to expose an area of the core about 1 in. wide. The outside of the core is typically disturbed during the coring process as it slides against the steel cutting head and into the core barrel. A knife was then used to shave off the outer ¼ in. of the core to expose undisturbed material that had not been in contact with the acetate liner, creating a flat, usable surface for the XRF, and then the core was cut into 2-ft lengths, placed in core boxes, and allowed to dry before analy ses using the XRF. The XRF measurements were made using a 60-second scan at three equally spaced intervals within each 1-ft interval of the core and the average of these three readings assigned to the mid-point of the 1-ft interval. For example, the average of measurements at 2.25, 2.5, and 2.75 ft would represent the metal concentrations in the 2–3-ft depth interval and assigned the average depth of 2.5 ft. To determine if variable grain size had a measurable effect on metal concentrations determined by the XRF on the “bulk” core (unsieved intact core), core material from one core from each location was selected for re-analyses using the XRF in various grain-size fractions. The selected core was split longitudinally in approximate equal halves and subsamples were collected from one-half of the core at selected depth intervals (1-ft intervals) for sieving and XRF analysis of trace elements in the size fractions. The sieving procedure used for the streambed-sediment samples was modified because of the small volume of material in the core samples and sieves were stacked, resulting in the following size fractions analyzed by the XRF: greater than 2 mm, 2 to 0.250 mm, 0.250 to 0.063 mm, and <0.063 mm. The XRF results of the sieved fractions from each interval were then compared to the aver age of the bulk core scan for that same interval. December 2015 Flood Deposits Between December 23 and 28, 2015, more than 6 in. of rainfall was recorded at the Big River near Desloge streamgage (USGS station 07017260, fig. 1). This amount was much greater than typical rainfall at this time of year across the Big River watershed and most of southern Missouri, resulting in substantial flooding along the Big River. Around 10:00 p.m. on December 29, 2015, the instantaneous discharge at the Big River near Richwoods streamgage (USGS station 07018100; fig. 1) exceeded 50,000 cubic feet per second at a stage of more than 29.5 ft. This was the third largest dis charge recorded at this streamgage in more than 70 years of record (U.S. Geological Survey, 2015). Because of the small number of streambed-sediment samples available and the unique opportunity presented by the near historic flood along the Big River, and fine sediments deposited by the December 2015 flood event were collected from more than 90 locations along the Big River including Barite District tributaries. Data from samples collected from 12 locations along the middle reach of the Big River and its tributaries are presented in this report (table 1; fig. 5). A small plastic putty knife was used to carefully remove fine sediments from surfaces such as concrete boat ramps, sidewalks, and flat rocks (fig. 6). At six locations, a sample of native soil also was collected from 3 to 6 in. of depth beneath the original land surface. Native soil in this instance refers to soil 3 to 6 in. below the ground surface (below what is referred to as the “O horizon,” which is where the root material resides). This deeper soil was selected to best reflect the preflood soil. In most locations, the recent flood sediments were fine-grained silts that ranged from 0.1-in. thick to more than 2-in. thick. Care was taken to minimize collection of sediment directly in contact with the underlying surface. At several locations, recent flood deposits were of suf ficient thickness that they could be collected from grassy areas on the flood plain. The samples were placed in sealed plastic bags and transported to the MSL where they were air dried for 3 to 4 days. Samples were lightly disaggregated each day in the plastic bags by simple hand manipulation. After samples had completely dried, the bulk samples were analyzed using the XRF at the USGS CMERSC. Samples were placed in a test stand and analyzed three times, with the sample bag mixed between each of the three analyses. Concentrations of trace elements reported in the samples were the average of the three individual analyses. After XRF analyses of the bulk samples were completed, each sample was sieved using a 0.063-mm sieve and the <0.063-mm size fraction of each sample was analyzed by the XRF. Quality Assurance and Quality Control Project quality assurance and quality control was main tained using replicate and split samples, check standards, blank samples, and laboratory confirmation samples. The results of the chemical analysis were compared using data quality objectives (DQOs) to ensure quality assurance and quality control. Replicate and Split Replicate Samples To ensure sieving techniques could be replicated and performed of equal quality for all samples in the study, origi nal replicate and split replicate samples were created. Split replicates were created by using an aluminum splitter with a 2-in. diameter opening. The entire sample contents were poured through the hopper and equal amounts of sample were portioned into two pans below the hopper. Each separate por tion was sieved to the three size fractions used for all sample analyses (<2 mm, 0.250 mm, and 0.063 mm). Two samples
12 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River 90°50' 38°10' 38° 90°30' 90°40' Mining data from Mugel (2017) DC-01 UK-01 ML-01 BR-26 BR-27 BR-25 BR-24 BR-23 BR-22 BR-21 BR-20 BR-19 BR-18 BR-17 BR-16 MF-03 MF-02 MF-01 BR-15 BR-14 BR-13 FBT-01 OMC-01 DC-01-SL BR-20-SL BR-18-SL MF-01-SL BR-15-SL BR-14-SL Potosi Terre Du Lac De Soto Bonne Terre Desloge Big River Township Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1995,1:100,000, and U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Streams from National Hydrography Dataset, 2011, 1:100,000 Roads from National Highway Planning Network, 2017 Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 15 JEFFERSON COUNTY WASHINGTON COUNTY Saint Francois county FRANKLIN COUNTY 6 MILES 6 KILOMETERS EXPLANATION 2015 Flood-deposit sample and identifier Barite mined areas Major barite mined areas Barite mine waste pond Big River watershed boundary B g
R e r B g
R e r Madden Creek M Cr ee k Old Min es Cr ee k Mi ne ra Fo rk B g
Ri ve r Figure 5. Location of samples collected from the middle and lower Big River watershed of sediment deposited by the December 2015 flood, Missouri, 2016.
Methods 13 Figure 6. Examples of fine-grained sediments deposited by the December 2015 flood in the Big River watershed. (photographs by David C. Smith, U.S. Geological Survey). (BR-02 and BR-04) were split and the chemical analysis results of split samples were compared using a DQO of 30 percent for the relative percent difference (RPD). The RPD between analytical results for the split samples are listed in table 2. The RPD was calculated as the absolute value of the difference between the concentrations in the origi nal and split replicate samples divided by the average concen tration in the original and split replicate samples multiplied by 100. The average RPD values in the three size fractions for the four trace elements of interest were 19 percent for barium (6 to 37 percent), 38 percent for cadmium (2 to 94 percent), 8 per cent for lead (2 to 18 percent), and 33 percent for zinc (1 to 83 percent). Overall, there were 11 exceedances of a DQO of 30 percent for 13 average RPD values for the three size frac tions. There was a strong relation between RPD value and size fraction analyzed. The smallest RPD values were measured in the <0.063-mm size fraction and largest RPD values were measured in the <2-mm fraction (table 2). Check Standards A handheld XRF instrument was used to determine concentrations of trace elements in core samples from floodplain cores and samples of flood deposits from the December 2015 flood. Quality control on analytical results from the XRF instrument included daily check standards and blanks and analyses of split samples. Check standards of known concen trations were used to ensure the instrument was within daily calibration requirements and assess the general accuracy and precision of the XRF measurements. Check standards and silica sand blanks were analyzed by the XRF at the beginning and end of each day and periodically throughout the day. All flood-plain core samples were analyzed using an XRF and standards supplied by the EPA Region 7. CAN Till-4 (sup plied by the instrument manufacturer; Lynch, 1996) and EPA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA; EPA, 2007) standards were used to validate EPA XRF measurements during sample analyses. The December 2015 flood-deposit
14 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 2. Relative percent difference between original and split replicate streambed-sediment samples analyzed by the laboratory. [Gray shaded cells indicate mining-related trace elements of concern for this study. Gray shaded cells with bold font indicate RPDs that exceeded the data qualiity objective of 30. less than; mm, millimeter; RPD, relative percent difference; w%, percent by weight; --, not determined; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram] Constituent Unit Elemental concentrations in sample BR-02 Elemental concentrations in sample BR-04 Average RPD fraction <0.250-mm fraction <0.063-mm fraction fraction <0.250-mm fraction <0.063-mm fraction Original sample Split sample Original sample Split sample Original sample Split sample Original sample Split sample Original sample Split sample Original sample Split sample fraction <0.250mm fraction <0.063mm fraction Overall average all fractions Aluminum w% Calcium w% Iron w% Potassium w% Magnesium w% Sodium w% Sulfur w% Titanium w% Silver mg/kg
Arsenic mg/kg Barium mg/kg 1,800 1,820 2,090 2,310 Beryllium mg/kg Bismuth mg/kg Cadmium mg/kg Cerium mg/kg Cobalt mg/kg Chromium mg/kg Cesium mg/kg
Copper mg/kg Gallium mg/kg Indium mg/kg Lanthanum mg/kg Lithium mg/kg Manganese mg/kg 2,090 1,800 3,740 3,890 2,410 2,480 3,300 2,960 4,180 4,190 Molybdenum mg/kg Niobium mg/kg Nickel mg/kg
Methods 15 Table 2. Relative percent difference between original and split replicate streambed-sediment samples analyzed by the laboratory.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate mining-related trace elements of concern for this study. Gray shaded cells with bold font indicate RPDs that exceeded the data qualiity objective of 30. less than; mm, millimeter; RPD, relative percent difference; w%, percent by weight; --, not determined; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram] Constituent Unit Elemental concentrations in sample BR-02 Elemental concentrations in sample BR-04 Average RPD fraction <0.250-mm fraction <0.063-mm fraction fraction <0.250-mm fraction <0.063-mm fraction Original sample Split sample Original sample Split sample Original sample Split sample Original sample Split sample Original sample Split sample Original sample Split sample fraction <0.250mm fraction <0.063mm fraction Overall average all fractions Phosphorus mg/kg Lead mg/kg 1,620 1,590 1,140 1,960 1,930 Rubidium mg/kg Antinomy mg/kg Scandium mg/kg Tin mg/kg Strontium mg/kg Tellurium mg/kg Thorium mg/kg Thallium mg/kg Uranium mg/kg Vanadium mg/kg Tungsten mg/kg Yttrium mg/kg Zinc mg/kg 2,420
16 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River samples were analyzed by the USGS XRF unit. Check stan dards were run during the analyses of these samples using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) medium standard (2177A) and NIST high standard (2710A; Reed, 2009) in addition to a silica sand blank. The overall mean concentration, mean standard deviation, 95th and 5th percentile (upper confidence level [UCL] and lower confidence level [LCL], respectively), and mean percent difference were calculated for selected trace elements in each check standard and compared to the standard’s most prob able value (MPV). Each standard has an MPV for each of the elements in its suite provided by the supplier and is defined as the resultant value with the highest probability for an obser vation. This would be the most probable concentration of an element for environmental soil samples. A percent difference of within 30 percent for target elements (barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc) for the XRF results and standard MPV was the DQO for this project. The precision of the XRF measurements for the four mining-related trace elements of interest (barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc) was assessed by calculating the relative standard deviation (RSD) for the check standards. The RSD was calculated for target elements in each check standard by dividing the absolute value of difference between the XRF result and the MPV by the average of the XRF result and the MPV then multiplying by 100. The average RSD for each metal of interest in each check standard was then calculated. The XRF precision DQO for the project was an average RSD of within 20 percent for the trace elements of interest in the XRF check standards. The results of the EPA XRF instrument analysis of the two check standards (RCRA and CAN Till 4) were within the DQO of 30 percent for barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc (table 3). Concentrations of barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc were within 10 percent of the check standard MPVs except for a mean lead concentration of 37 mg/kg in CAN Till 4 check standard that was −25.6 percent lower than the MPV of 50 mg/ kg. The mean lead concentration in 54 RCRA check standards of 462 mg/kg was only −7.5 percent lower than the MPV of 500 mg/kg. Except for cadmium where the XRF reported a mean concentration of 517 mg/kg in the RCRA standard (MPV of 500 mg/kg), mean concentrations of barium, lead, and zinc in check standards reported by the XRF tended to be slightly smaller than the standard MPV values but well within the project DQO. The larger percent difference between the XRF result and MPV for lead in the Can Till 4 standard of 50 mg/kg (−25.6 percent) compared to the RCRA standard (−7.5 percent) may indicate a decrease in accuracy at lower concentrations of lead. The December 2015 flood deposits were analyzed using the USGS XRF. A review of 10 check standards analyzed by the USGS XRF (NIST 2710A and NIST 2711A) indicates con centrations of barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc were within the project goal of 30 percent (table 4). Except for a mean zinc concentration of 364 mg/kg reported by the XRF in NIST 2711A that was −12.1 percent lower than the MPV of 414 mg/ kg, concentrations of mining-related trace elements of interest for this study were within 10 percent of the check standards. None of the nine silica blank samples contained detectable concentrations of constituents of interest analyzed by the XRF (table 4). The reporting limits for nickel and zinc for the USGS XRF are likely smaller than the project XRF report ing levels of 65 and 25 mg/kg but have not been rigorously determined, but all of the silica blank samples had nickel and zinc mg/kg. Blanks To determine possible sources of bias in chemical results, seven blank samples were processed between analyses of the streambed-sediment samples. Blank samples included a source material blank, a splitter blank, and five blanks processed through various sieves. Blank samples were prepared using a source-material mixture of environmental-grade pure silica sand and silt-sized silica flour. Concentrations of cadmium were less than the minimum detection level in all blank samples (table 5). The source blank had detectable barium (40 mg/kg), lead (4.8 mg/kg), and zinc (5 mg/kg), but all blank sample concentrations except one were less than one-fifth the minimum concentrations detected in the streambed-sediment samples. Barium, lead, and zinc, as well as iron and manga nese, concentrations were largest for material retained on the 0.063-mm sieve from split B (sample QA-B063R; table 5). It is possible these elevated concentrations are a result of insufficient cleaning of sieves between environmental sam ples. Because concentrations of nickel and chromium (com mon alloys in stainless steel) were not elevated in the split B results, the source of these trace elements is most likely residual from environmental samples from the Big River study area. Laboratory Confirmation Samples A total of 30 confirmation samples were submitted to the CMERSC laboratory to verify accuracy of the handheld XRF results and to evaluate laboratory comparability. The samples were selected from flood-plain core depth intervals that had been sieved and represented split samples of various size fractions from 18 different cores at nearly all locations, rep resenting a range of concentrations of barium, lead, and zinc (table 6, at the back of this report). The 30 samples consist of split samples: 2 samples of the >2-mm fraction; 8 samples from <2- to 0.250-mm fraction; 8 samples from the <0.250- to 0.063-mm fraction; and 12 samples from the <0.063-mm frac tion (table 6). Overall, handheld XRF results for the target elements lead and zinc compared favorably to laboratory XRF results with logarithmic linear regression (Helsel and Hirsch, 2002) coefficients of 0.923 for lead and 0.941 for zinc (fig. 7). The handheld XRF results of the original sample were less favor able for the target element barium, which had a logarithmic linear regression coefficient of 0.757, when compared to the
Methods 17 Table 3. Results of analyses of standard reference materials by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency x-ray fluorescence unit. [Gray shaded cells indicate mining-related trace elements of concern for this study. MPV, most probable value; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; n, sample size; XRF, x-ray fluoroscence; LCL, lower confidence level; UCL, upper confidence level; RCRA, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; --, not determined; CAN Till 4, Canadian standard reference material collected near Scission’s Brook, New Brunswick, Canada; less than] Constituent Standard MPV, in mg/kg n XRF reporting level, in mg/kg Number of left censored values XRF mean, in mg/kg XRF relative standard deviation, in mg/kg 95-percentiles LCL, in mg/kg 95-percentiles UCL, in mg/kg Percent difference between XRF mean and standard MPV RCRA Standard Arsenic −24.6 Barium Cadmium Cobalt Copper Iron 43,282 1,529 42,874 43,690 Manganese Nickel Lead −7.5 Selenium −5.8 Strontium Zinc CAN Till 4 Arsenic −13.4 Barium −4.4 Cadmium Cobalt Copper −9.9 Iron 39,700 31,245 1,628 30,811 31,679 −21.3 Manganese −27.9 Nickel Lead −25.6 Selenium Strontium Zinc −4.4 Silica (SiO2) blank Arsenic Barium Cadmium Cobalt Copper Iron Manganese Nickel Lead Selenium Strontium Zinc
18 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 4. Results of analyses of standard reference materials by the x-ray fluorescence unit. [Gray shaded cells indicate mining-related trace elements of concern for this study. MPV, most probable value; n, sample size; XRF, x-ray fluoroscence; LCL, lower confidence level; UCL, upper confidence level; NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology; --, not determined; less than] Constituent Standard MPV, in mg/kg n XRF reporting level, in mg/kg Number of left censored values XRF mean, in mg/kg XRF standard deviation, in mg/kg 95-percent LCL, in mg/kg 95-percent UCL, in mg/kg Percent difference between XRF mean and standard MPV NIST Standard 2710A Arsenic 1,540 1,479 1,470 1,487 −4.0 Barium −9.0 Cadmium −5.7 Cobalt1 Copper 3,420 3,314 3,298 3,330 −3.1 Iron 43,200 46,520 46,234 46,807 Manganese 2,140 2,044 2,034 2,054 −4.5 Nickel1 <65 Lead 5,520 5,421 5,401 5,442 −1.8 Selenium1 <20 Strontium Zinc 4,180 4,090 4,067 4,114 −2.1 NIST Standard 2711A Arsenic −54.0 Barium −9.2 Cadmium −1.0 Cobalt1 −115 −98 −1,173.5 Copper −19.7 Iron 28,200 23,787 23,726 23,848 −15.6 Manganese −23.9 Nickel1 Lead 1,400 1,396 1,389 1,402 −0.3 Selenium1 <20 Strontium −3.3 Zinc −12.1 Silica (SiO2) blank Arsenic <11 Barium Cadmium <12 Cobalt Copper <35 Iron Manganese <85 Nickel Lead <13 Selenium <20 Strontium <11 Zinc 1All concentrations were below the XRF reporting limit.
Methods 19 Table 5. Concentrations of major and trace elements in quality assurance blank samples processed through sample splitting and sieve equipment. [Samples collected on August 22, 2016. All blank samples were analyzed by the contract laboratory using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spec trometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry methods. Gray shaded cells indicate mining-related trace elements of concern for this study. mm, millimeter; QA, quality assurance sample; SM, source material; SB, splitter blank; R, retained on sieve; P, passed through sieve; w%, percent by weight; less than; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram] Constituent Unit Source material blank Splitter blank Split A Split B Material passed through splitter and retained on 0.250-mm sieve Material passed through splitter and 0.250-mm sieve Material passed through splitter and 0.250-mm sieve Material passed through splitter and retained on 0.063-mm sieve Material passed through splitter and 0.063-mm sieve QA-SM QA-SB QA-A250R QA-A250P QA-B250P QA-B063R QA-B063P Aluminum w% Calcium w% Iron w% Potassium w% Magnesium w% Sodium w% Sulfur w% Titanium w% Antimony mg/kg Arsenic mg/kg
Barium mg/kg Beryllium mg/kg Bismuth mg/kg Cadmium mg/kg Cerium mg/kg Cesium mg/kg
Chromium mg/kg
Cobalt mg/kg Copper mg/kg Gallium mg/kg Indium mg/kg Lanthanum mg/kg Lead mg/kg Lithium mg/kg Manganese mg/kg
Molybdenum mg/kg Nickel mg/kg Niobium mg/kg Phosphorus mg/kg <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 Rubidium mg/kg Scandium mg/kg Silver mg/kg
Strontium mg/kg Tellurium mg/kg Thallium mg/kg Thorium mg/kg Tin mg/kg Tungsten mg/kg Uranium mg/kg Vanadium mg/kg
Yttrium mg/kg Zinc mg/kg
20 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Barium Lead Logarithm of concentration in flood-plain sample reported by the U.S. Geological Survey Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center laboratory, in milligrams per kilogram (table 6) Zinc Logarithm of concentration in the flood-plain laboratory subsample reported by the x-ray fluorescence analysis, in milligrams per kilogram (table 6) EXPLANATION Prediction line 0.95-confidence interval R 2 0.757 y 0.798x + 0.795 n 30 R 2 0.923 y 0.845x + 0.423 n 30 R 2 0.941 y 0.886x + 0.294 n 30 Correlation coefficient Handheld x-ray fluorescence result Laboratory x-ray fluorescence result R y Figure 7. Comparison of concentrations of barium, lead, and zinc in laboratory subsamples and concentrations reported by the x-ray fluorescence analysis in original samples. laboratory results, which are similar to results by Smith (2016) using similar methods and equipment. The overall average percent difference of the XRF results for lead compared to the laboratory results of −19 percent was within project DQO although 2 samples had a percent differ ence <−30 percent and 9 samples had percent difference >30 percent. Lead concentrations determined by the handheld XRF tended to be lower than the concentrations determined by the laboratory based on negative overall average percent differ ence (table 6) and a y-intercept of (0.423) in the regres sion equation comparing the two methods (fig. 7). The XRF results of samples with smaller grain-size fractions (<0.250 and 0.063 mm) tended to compare more favorably to labora tory results than larger grain-size fraction (>2 mm and mm) sample results. The average percent difference for the XRF results compared to the laboratory results was −16 (n=12) for the <0.063-mm fraction and −9 (n=8) for the 0.063–0.250mm fraction. The percent differences for the larger grain-size fractions tended to be much higher although there were only two samples compared for the >2-mm fraction. The average percent difference for the 0.250–2-mm fraction was −36 (n=6) and for the >2-mm grain-size fraction was −34 (n=2) (table 6). The overall average percent difference of the XRF results compared to the laboratory results for zinc was −7 percent, which was within the DQO. The average percent differences did not seem to have the variability among samples with dif ferent grain sizes that was evident in the samples analyzed for the other trace elements. All average RPDs tended to be relatively low, ranging from −12 percent for the <0.063-mm fraction to 5 percent for the 0.063–0.250-mm fraction. Zinc concentrations determined by the handheld XRF also tended to trend lower than the concentrations determined by the labo ratory based on negative overall average percent difference (table 6) and a positive y-intercept (0.294) of the regression equation comparing the two methods (fig. 7). The overall average percent difference between the XRF results and the laboratory results for barium was −43, which exceeded the project DQO goal limit of plus or minus 30. The RPD results (table 6) and a y-intercept of (0.795) in the regression equation comparing the two methods (fig. 7) both indicate that barium concentrations determined by the hand held XRF tended to be lower than concentrations determined by the laboratory. The average percent differences for barium were −34 for the <0.063-mm fraction, −59 for the 0.063– 0.250-mm fraction, −51 for the 0.250–2-mm fraction, and 2 for the >2-mm fraction. Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment This section presents the concentrations of chemical constituents in streambed sediments, flood-plain core samples, and December 2015 flood deposits. Spatial differences among the sites are described. Streambed Sediments In general, streambed-sediment concentrations of cad mium and lead were largest in samples from the Big River (average of 5.4 mg/kg for cadmium and 1,011 mg/kg for lead) and smallest in samples from the Barite District tributaries (average of 1.1 mg/kg for cadmium and 223 mg/kg for lead; fig. 8). Of the individual 45 streambed-sediment samples sent to the laboratory for analysis, the PEC values were exceeded for cadmium (6 samples), lead (35 samples), and zinc (17 sam ples). Of the 45 samples, 14 exceeded the EPA residential yard cleanup level of 400 mg/kg for lead. Concentrations of zinc were somewhat similar in the Big River (average of 371 mg/ kg) and Barite District tributaries (average of 400 mg/kg) but tended to be larger in upstream Big River sites and at single
Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment 21 Cadmium Barium Lead Zinc Barium/lead Lead/zinc Less than 2-millimeter size fraction Less than 0.250-millimeter size fraction Less than 0.063-millimeter size fraction BR-01 BR-02 BR-03 BR-04 BR-05 MD-01 MF-01 MF-02 MF-03 MF-03OM MF-04 ML-01 ML-02 ML-03 ML-04 Mill Creek Mineral Fork Creek Big River upstream from the Barite District Maddin Creek Probable effects concentration: 4.98 MacDonald and others (2000) Probable effects concentration: 459 MacDonald and others (2000) Big River downstream from the Barite District 1,000 1,000 1,200 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 Concentration, in milligrams per kilogram Mass ratio EXPLANATION Probable effects concentration: 128 MacDonald and others (2000) Figure 8. Average concentrations of selected metals in streambed-sediment samples from the middle reach of the Big River and tributaries draining the Barite District.
22 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River sites on Old Mines Creek and Mineral Fork Creek. Barium concentrations were considerably larger in samples from Bar ite District tributaries (average of 4,725 mg/kg) compared to Big River samples (average of 965 mg/kg). Cadmium, lead, and zinc concentrations from Big River sampling sites decreased downstream from the Old Lead Belt and were largest in the <0.063-mm fraction except for lead in the <2-mm fraction at site BR-05. Concentrations of lead exceeded the PEC in all three grain-size fractions in the five samples from the Big River (table 7, at the back of this report; fig. 8). Concentrations of cadmium and zinc exceeded their respective PEC values in one or more size fractions from all Big River sites except for the farthest downstream site BR-01. The largest cadmium concentrations were in the <0.063-mm fraction at sites BR-04 and BR-05 (14.7 and 13.9 mg/kg), as well as the largest zinc concentrations (799 and 709 mg/kg). Barium concentrations, unlike cadmium, lead, and zinc, were larger at Barite District tributary sites compared to Big River sites and were larger in Big River sites downstream from the tributaries compared to the upstream sites (table 7; fig. 8). Barium concentrations ranged from 365 (<2-mm frac tion at site MF-02) to 9,370 mg/kg (<0.250-mm fraction at site ML-02) in the various size fractions in samples from Barite District tributaries—about 20 times the average concentra tion of 473 mg/kg in samples from the Big River upstream from the Barite District tributaries at sites BR-04 and BR-05. The largest barium concentrations were in samples from Mill Creek and were similar at all sites along this creek (fig. 8), which drains the more heavily mined areas of the Barite District (fig. 1). In contrast, barium concentrations in Mineral Fork Creek tended to decrease downstream. Overall, barium concentrations tend to be largest in the <0.250-mm fraction in Barite District tributary samples and largest in the <0.063-mm fraction in Big River samples, indicating that barium in the larger grain-size material is less likely to be transported in the smaller tributaries. Along the Big River, barium concentra tions ranged from 155 to 804 mg/kg at sites upstream from the Barite District. Downstream from the Barite District tributar ies, barium concentrations increased, ranging from 338 to 2,700 mg/kg at sites BR-03 and BR-02. Barium concentrations decreased farther downstream at site BR-01 but were larger than concentrations at both sites upstream from the Barite District. The pattern and concentrations of barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc in the 2012 streambed-sediment samples from the Big River are similar to those observed by Smith and Schumacher (1991) in samples collected during 1988–89 and Schmitt and Finger (1982), indicating persistent effects on cadmium, lead, and zinc concentrations in the Big River from mine waste releases from the Old Lead Belt and Barite District (fig. 9). Concentrations of calcium, cadmium, lead, and zinc in the 2012 samples (table 7) fell within the range of those reported by Smith and Schumacher (1991) but were slightly smaller than the 1988–89 averages. In the fine-grained (<0.063-mm size fraction) samples at site BR-02, barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc concentrations in the 2012 sample were 7, 30, 13, and 19 percent smaller, respectively, than the average concentrations reported by Smith and Schumacher (1991) but within one standard deviation of the 1988–89 samples. Concentrations of calcium and magnesium were 24 and 35 percent smaller in the 2012 sample, respectively; however, strontium was about 50 percent larger than the 1988–89 samples. Although concentrations in the 2012 sample were smaller than the averages of the 1988–89 samples at site BR-02, they were within the range of the 1988–89 samples and it could not be concluded that there had been a measur able decrease based on only one result. Additional samples from each site, such as the seven collected quarterly by Smith and Schumacher (1991), are needed to determine if there has actually been a measurable decrease in metal concentrations over time. Smith and Schumacher (1991, 1993) indicated that sediment from the Big River near Irondale (site BR-07; fig. 1) represented background concentrations of trace elements in the Big River upstream from most mining activity. Average concentrations in the coarse (<2 mm) and fine (<0.063 mm) size fractions were barium (363 and 627 mg/kg), cadmium (<2 mg/kg), lead (53 and 69 mg/kg), and zinc (102 and 80 mg/ kg). Most streambed-sediment samples collected during this current study exceeded the concentrations at Irondale reported by Smith and Schumacher (1991, 1993), including those from the Barite District tributaries, indicating probable mining effects on metal concentrations in Barite District tributary streambed sediments. All of the 10 streambed-sediment samples from the Barite District tributaries contained cadmium concentrations well below the PEC (4.98 mg/kg); however, several samples contained lead or zinc above their respective PEC (128 mg/ kg) values (table 7; fig. 8). Concentrations of lead exceeded the PEC in one or more size fractions from 8 of the 10 samples from Barite District tributaries, but concentrations were an order of magnitude less than those in Big River sites ranging from 45 mg/kg in the <0.250-mm fraction from sample MF-04 to 972 mg/kg in the <0.063-mm fraction from sample MF-01. Sample MF-01 was collected near the mouth of Mineral Fork Creek (fig. 1) and it is probable that this sample also may include sediment from the Big River deposited during higher flow events. Excluding sample MF-01, the largest lead con centrations in any sample from Barite District tributaries was 428 mg/kg in the <2-mm fraction of sample MF-03OM from Old Mines Creek, a tributary to Mineral Fork Creek (fig. 8). Sample MF-03OM also contained the largest zinc concen trations in all size fractions of samples from Barite District tributaries (1,030 mg/kg for the <2-mm fraction, 581 mg/kg for the <0.250-mm fraction, 756 mg/kg for the <0.063-mm fraction; table 7). Sample MF-03OM also contained the largest calcium concentrations of Barite District tributary samples (1.72 percent in the <2-mm size fraction to 23.5 percent in the <0.063-mm fraction). These large concentrations in this sample may be a result of its relation to historic mining areas in the Mineral Fork Creek watershed. There are several mining areas, including about six barite mine waste ponds, upstream from where sample MF-03OM was collected (figs. 1, 4).
Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment 23 Site MF-01 (mouth of Mineral Fork) Barite district tributaries 1,000 1,000 1,000 BR-01 BR-02 BR-03 BR-04 BR-05 BR-06 BR-07 MF-01 Barite Site number (figs. 1 and 2) EXPLANATION Barium Barium Cadmium Lead Zinc Barium/lead Lead/zinc Mass ratio Concentration, in milligrams per kilogram Concentration, in milligrams per kilogram BR-01 BR-02 BR-03 BR-04 BR-05 BR-06 BR-07 MF-01 Barite U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1980–81 (Schmitt and Finger, 1982)— Samples from the less than 2-millimeter size fraction U.S. Geological Survey 1988–89 (Smith and Schumacher, 1991) Current study, 2012 Figure 9. Concentrations and mass ratios of selected constituents in the less than 0.063-millimeter size fraction of streambed-sediment samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during 1988–2012 and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service during 1980–81 in the Big River watershed. Concentrations determined by complete digestion and laboratory analysis.
24 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Smith and Schumacher (1991) indicated that the large quantity of mine waste not only changed the concentration of trace elements in the Big River streambed sediments, but it also altered mineralogy of the streambeds. Calcite and dolo mite, signatures of mine waste, were now dominant minerals in the streambed, whereas a more natural streambed sediment mainly consists of quartz with little calcite or dolomite. Similar to lead, concentrations of calcium decreased in all size fractions of Big River streambed sediment with increasing distance downstream from nearly 8 percent in the <2-mm frac tion at site BR-05 to <0.2 percent in the <2-mm fraction at site BR-01 (table 7). Calcium is strongly positively correlated with lead (correlation coefficient [R2]=0.70), cadmium (R2=0.72), and zinc (R2=0.69) in all size fractions because calcite and dolomite presence may indicate mining influence. There is little correlation between calcium and barium (R2=-0.17). Mass ratios of barium to lead and lead to zinc vary in streambed-sediment samples and indicate influxes of metal contamination from various barite, lead, and zinc mining areas. Most noticeable are the large barium to lead ratios in Barite District tributaries compared to the Big River (fig. 8). The average barium to lead ratio (31.8) in all size fractions from Barite District tributaries (excluding site MF-01 that is near the Big River) is nearly 100 times larger than Big River sediments upstream from the Barite District (average of 0.36 at sites BR-04 and BR-05; average of 1 in 1988–89 samples from background site BR-07 at Irondale; Smith and Schum acher, 1991, 1993) and nearly 15 times larger than the Big River sites downstream from the Barite District (average of 2.01 at sites BR-01, BR-02, and BR-03). Two Barite District sites (MF-01 and MF-03OM) have unusually low barium to lead ratios driven mostly by their larger lead concentrations. Site MF-01 is at the mouth of Mineral Fork Creek and is likely affected by sediments being transported by the Big River dur ing flood conditions. Site MF-03OM is along Old Mines Creek where Burford (1978) indicated the earliest lead mining (about 1720) in Washington County was reported. Dake (1930) referred to the Old Mines area as covering several square miles and by 1725 about 1,500 pounds (lb) of lead had been smelted in this area. Consistent with the historic, rich lead ore mined in the Old Mines areas, the sample from site MF-03OM has among the largest lead to zinc ratio, and as mentioned pre viously, the largest calcium concentrations (possibly indicating waste rock from bedrock mining) of any of the Barite District tributary sites. In a compilation of production figures from var ious sources, Mugel (2017) indicated that about 180,000 tons of lead and 60,000 tons of zinc were produced (lead to zinc ratio of about 3:1) from the Barite District (includes zinc pro duction from Valley Mines zinc-rich deposits just east of the Barite District and east of the Big River watershed). In con trast, about 7.6 million tons of lead and 800,000 tons of zinc were produced from the Old Lead Belt (about 10:1 lead to zinc ratio). Consistent with general historical production figures, lead to zinc ratios in all size fractions of streambed sediments tend to be smallest in Barite District tributaries (<1.0) and in the Big River background site BR-07 at Irondale (ratio of 1; data from Smith and Schumacher, 1991, 1993), and largest in the Big River downstream from BR-07 at Irondale—decreas ing from site BR-05 (ratios of 1.3 to 7.2) to downstream site BR-01 (ratios of 1 to 2.5). Flood-Plain Sediments Flood-plain core samples were collected from 26 cores along 5 transects and a single location along streams drain ing the Barite District—two transects along the lower reach of Mineral Fork Creek (MFC-A and MFC-B), two transects along the lower reach of Mill Creek (MLC-A and MLC-B), a single location on the Big River flood plain, and one transect along Fourche Renault Creek (FR) in the upper part of the Mineral Fork Creek watershed and upstream from most of the previously mined areas in the Barite District (figs. 4, 10). Of the individual 693 bulk samples from these cores analyzed by the XRF, the PEC values were exceeded for cadmium (218 samples), lead (91 samples), nickel (45 samples), and zinc (77 samples). Of the 693 samples, 21 exceeded the EPA residential yard cleanup level of 400 mg/kg for lead; 19 of these were samples from transect MFC-A. This site is near the mouth of Mineral Fork Creek where its flood plain joins the Big River flood plain and so its sample composition may include Mineral Fork Creek and Big River sediment. Because the XRF report ing level of 12 mg/kg for cadmium is larger than the PEC (4.98 mg/kg), the frequency of cadmium exceeding the PEC is likely underreported; therefore, the following discussion focuses primarily on concentrations of barium, lead, and zinc. Scanning the bulk core provided a rapid determination of metal profiles with depth; however, this can introduce error caused by trace elements being irregularly distributed in various grain-size fractions of the sediment and singular large grains dominating the XRF beam. To determine the usability of the XRF data from the bulk core scans, and to determine if grain size had a measureable effect on reported metal con centrations, 47 samples from five cores (FR-03, MFC-B-02, MLC-B-05, MLC-A-02, and MLC-A-05; fig. 10) were split into four fractions (<0.063 mm, 0.063 to 0.250 mm, 0.250 to 2 mm, and mm) that were analyzed by the XRF and compared to the average bulk core XRF scans of these same intervals (table 8, at the back of this report; fig. 11). Metal concentrations tended to be larger in the smaller size fractions. Concentrations of trace elements in the bulk core also do not provide information on metal concentrations for different size fractions, which is important because finer material may dis solve more easily in stomachs of animals, making the metal have greater bioavailability to animals (Luoma, 1989). Com parison of the <0.063-mm fractions in the 47 sieved samples to the average of the bulk core scans using a paired t-test (Helsel and Hirsch, 2002) indicates no significant difference at an alpha level of 0.05 between barium concentrations (p-value of 0.81 and averages of 1,716 and 1,674 mg/kg) but significant differences were detected between the <0.063-mm fraction sample and bulk sample for lead (p-value of 0.00 and averages
Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment 25 " " " " " " MFC-B-01 MFC-B-00 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-05 " " " " BR-FP MFC-A-03 MFC-A-02 MFC-A-01 500 METERS 500 FEET " """ " MLC-B-05 MLC-B-02 MLC-B-03 MLC-B-04 MLC-B-01 " MLC-A-05 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-03 "" " " " FR-05 FR-04 FR-03 FR-01 FR-02 MLC-A-02 " EXPLANATION Flood-plain core location Direction of flow Transect Mineral Fork Creek Mineral Fork Creek Mill Creek Mill Creek Fourche Renault Creek MLC-A MLC-B FR MFC-B MFC-A N N N N N Base from U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2013 National Agriculture Imagery Program Geographic coordinate system, North American Datum 1983 Figure 10. Flood-plain core location along streams draining the Barite District, Missouri, 2014.
26 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River of 105 and 76 mg/kg) and zinc (p-value of 0.003 and averages of 262 and 207 mg/kg) concentrations. Profiles of barium, lead, and zinc in the various size fractions (>2-mm fraction not plotted) from five cores indicate that XRF-reported concentra tions in the various fractions exhibit similar patterns, but the bulk core scans miss several inflections that are seen in the sieved fraction results, particularly for lead and zinc in the lower part of core MLC-B-05 and lead in the middle part of core FR-03 (fig. 11). The significant difference in lead and zinc concentrations between the <0.063-mm fraction and bulk core, in addition to the missed inflections in the core profiles, preclude the use of bulk core scans beyond evaluating general patterns of trace elements with depth or general comparisons between metal concentrations at various locations. With few exceptions, the general pattern of metal con centrations in the bulk XRF scans of flood-plain core from all locations was that barium concentrations were greater than zinc concentrations and zinc concentrations were greater than lead concentrations. Samples from transect FR along Fourche Renault Creek upstream from the most intense mining areas contained the smallest concentrations (number in parentheses are averages) of barium (621 mg/kg), lead (29.9 mg/kg), and zinc (58.4 mg/kg). The depth of cores at transect FR ranged from approximately 5 to 18.5 ft (15.8 ft for core FR-03 in fig. 12) and concentrations of trace elements in the five cores from this location were similar and had similar vertical pro files (fig. 12). Barium concentrations in transect FR tended be smaller in the 0–1-ft deep interval then remain steady or increase slightly with increasing depth, whereas concentra tions of lead and zinc tended to decrease at depths below about 2 to 4 ft deep, and many lead values were less than the XRF reporting level of 13 mg/kg (fig. 12; table 9, at the back of this report). An expedition in 1719–20 lead by Philippe Francois Renault discovered lead ore and started development of some of the earliest lead mines in southeast Missouri at what was called Mine Renault or Fourche Renault Mine in the headwa ters of Mineral Fork Creek that is thought to be along Fourche Renault Creek (Ekberg and others, 1981; Park, 2006; Mugel, 2017). Park (2006) indicated the Mine a Straddle lead mine was located about 1,000 ft upstream from transect FR. The higher lead and zinc concentrations in the upper part of cores along transect FR may be the result of early mining activi ties in this area because lead and zinc mineralization occurred together but uses for zinc ore were not determined until the mid- to late 1800s. Downstream from transect FR, profiles of cores at transect MFC-B along the lower part of Mineral Fork Creek tended to have similar vertical profiles as transect FR but the concentrations were generally larger (fig. 12; table 9). Barium concentrations in cores MFC-B-01 through MFC-B-05 (fig. 12) tend to be smallest within the upper 0–1-ft depth and then tend to be similar at deeper depths. The vertical profiles of lead and zinc concentrations were similar with each slightly larger concentration with a depth of 0 to 2 ft in some cores, but the concentrations changed little with depth. Cores MFC-B-01 through MFC-B-05 (fig. 10) are north of Mineral Fork Creek where the flood plain is about 10 to 12 ft higher than the base-flow water surface of the creek. High water marks (HWMs) from the historic December 2015 flood indicate a water depth of only 1 to 2 ft on parts of the flood plain north of the creek, indicating that this area is rarely flooded. In contrast, core MFC-B-00 (fig. 10), which was a hand sample collected south of Mineral Fork Creek along a footpath between the creek and the Missouri Department of Conservation Kingston Access gravel parking lot, was in an area that is frequently flooded. The HWMs from the Decem ber 2015 flood indicate more than 5 ft of inundation at this location. Samples from transect MFC-A at the junction of the Min eral Fork Creek and Big River flood plains contained the larg est lead (average of 1,720 mg/kg; maximum of 7,340 mg/kg; table 9) and among the largest zinc concentrations (450 mg/ kg; maximum of 967 mg/kg) detected in any streambed, floodplain, or flood samples analyzed in this study. Flood-plain samples were collected from two locations along a transect extending about 300 ft southeast of Mineral Fork Creek (cores MFC-A-01 and MFC-A-03; no samples from location MFCA-02 were used for the analysis due to time constraints) and one additional location about 900 ft east near the Big River (BR-FP). Hand sample methods, which limit sample depth, were used because the location could not be accessed by the drill rig (fig. 10). Core MFC-A-01 was about 20 ft south of an 8–10-ft high cut bank on the outside of a meander bend of Mineral Fork Creek (fig. 10). Lead and zinc concentrations increased steadily from 814 and 372 mg/kg, respectively, in the surface sample (0–1 in. deep) to 7,340 and 967 mg/kg respectively in the 2–3-ft deep sample at the bottom of the core (fig. 12; table 9). Lead and zinc concentrations in the 0–1-ft deep samples at location MFC-A-03 about 250 ft to the south were similar to those in the 0–1-ft deep intervals at core MFC-A-01. Core MFC-A-01 and MFC-A-02 are within a shallow draw that extends about 900 ft southeast to a mean der of the Big River (fig. 10). At the time of sampling, this area was an overflow channel and likely an area of sediment deposition for the Big River during high river stages. Exami nation of aerial photographs and elevation data from Earth™ suggests that this feature could be an old abandoned channel of the Big River because it is visually observable for about another 0.5 mile upstream, which includes a crossing of a meander in the Big River. The flood plain 900 ft east of this feature at core BR-FP was about 8 ft higher in elevation and consequently less frequently flooded. Core sample concentra tions of lead (<250 mg/kg) and zinc (≤150 mg/kg) in the 0–1ft interval at core BR-FP were considerably smaller than those at locations MFC-A-01 or MFC-A-03. Samples from the most downstream transect along Mill Creek (MLC-A) contained the largest barium concentrations (average of 2,931 and maximum of 13,100 mg/kg in bulk core samples) detected in flood plain or stream sediment samples (table 9). Except for cores MLC-A-04 and MLC-A-05 that were farthest from the creek, barium concentrations were
Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment 27 1,000 10,000 100 1,000 10,000 1,000 10,000 1,000 10,000 1,000 10,000 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 200 300 400 500 200 300 400 500 200 300 400 500 1,000 1,000 0 1,000 1,000 1,000 Barium concentration, in milligrams per kilogram Lead concentration, in milligrams per kilogram Zinc concentration, in milligrams per kilogram EXPLANATION Depth, in feet below land surface Less than 0.063-millimeter size fraction Less than 0.250-millimeter size fraction Less than 2-millimeter size fraction Average of bulk sample scan of core Probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency residential cleanup level MLC-A-05 MLC-A-02 MLC-B-05 MLC-B-02 FR-03 Figure 11. Concentrations of barium, lead, and zinc determined by x-ray fluorescence from selected flood-plain bulk core and selected size-fraction samples, Missouri, 2014.
28 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River 1,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 FR-01 FR-02 FR-03 FR-04 FR-05 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-00 MFC-B-02 MFC-A-01 MFC-A-03 BR-FP (Big River) MFC-B-03 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-05 Lead Barium Zinc Depth, in feet below land surface 1,000 1,000 No core recovery 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Concentration, in milligrams per kilogram determined by x-ray fluorescence EXPLANATION Figure 12. Concentrations of barium, lead, and zinc determined by x-ray fluorescence in bulk cores collected from two locations on the Mineral Fork Creek flood plain and one shallow (less than 1 foot deep) core on the Big River flood plain near transect MFC-A, Barite District, Missouri, 2014.
Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment 29 largest in the upper 2–4-ft intervals at all cores on this transect (fig. 13; table 9). The large barium concentrations at transect MLC-A are consistent with past activities in the near vicinity. Although this is not within the barite strip mined areas shown (fig. 4), the transect is located immediately south of a former barite mill pond and strip mine area. The residuum on hillside north of transect MLC-A contained abundant weathered barite crystals up to golf-ball size and drusy quartz (drusy quartz is indicative of the Potosi Formation). Lead and zinc concen trations generally were <150 and 300 mg/kg. In the vertical profile results for core MLC-A-01, there was an unusual pattern of dramatically increasing barium and decreasing lead and zinc concentrations in samples from the upper 1-ft depth (fig. 13). Core MLC-A-01 is the only core north of Mill Creek. It was closest to the mine waste area and near a steep road leading from the mined area to the creek. Runoff from this area may have contributed to barium, lead, and zinc concen trations. It is possible that the erratic metal concentrations are related to the presence of barite grains in the bulk core sample that are depleted in lead and zinc. Visual inspection of core from MLC-A-01 indicated angular sandy gravel with small diameter (1 to 3 mm) milky-clear, bladed crystals—pos sibly barite and calcite—in the upper 1 ft of the core, which changed rapidly to a sandy silt below. Metal concentrations in bulk XRF scans of samples from the upstream transect along Mill Creek (MLC-B) were smaller than concentrations at downstream transect MLC-A (fig. 13). Unlike most cores at other transects, concentrations of barium and zinc tended to be similar (100–500 mg/kg) in the deeper intervals of most cores. December 2015 Flood Deposits Twenty-three flood-deposit sediment samples were col lected after the December 2015 flood—15 from the Big River flood plain (7 samples upstream and 8 samples downstream from the Barite District), 7 samples along the flood plains of Barite District tributaries (Mill Creek and Mineral Fork Creek), and 1 sample from the Dry Creek flood plain that represents a Big River tributary in Jefferson County with little known mining within its watershed (fig. 14). Metal concentra tions reported by XRF in the 2015 flood-deposit sediments indicated samples collected along the Big River had the largest lead and zinc concentrations, whereas samples col lected from Barite District tributaries had the largest barium concentrations. The mean lead concentration in flood samples collected along the Big River was 1,746 mg/kg upstream from the Barite District and 1,858 mg/kg downstream from the Barite District, and the mean lead concentration in flood samples collected in the Barite District tributaries was 235 mg/ kg (table 10, ). The mean zinc concentration in flood samples collected along the Big River was 731 mg/kg upstream from the Barite District and 474 mg/kg downstream from the Barite District, and the mean zinc concentration in flood samples col lected in the Barite District tributaries was 423 mg/kg. Barium concentrations in flood sediment samples collected along the Big River downstream from the Barite District were larger overall than those in samples collected along the Big River upstream from the Barite District. The mean barium concen tration in flood samples collected along the Big River was 438 mg/kg upstream from the Barite District and 1,471 mg/ kg downstream from the Barite District, and the mean barium concentration in flood samples collected in the Barite District tributaries was 6,504 mg/kg. The sample from Dry Creek contained the smallest concentrations of barium (<700 mg/kg), lead (<60 mg/kg), and zinc (<140 mg/kg) in the bulk or fine fraction, which was consistent with the minimal mining in its watershed. Lead concentrations in flood deposit samples collected upstream from the Barite District were similar to those in sam ples downstream from the Barite District on the Big River. In bulk samples, lead concentrations determined by XRF analysis ranged from 886 to 2,043 mg/kg (average of 1,495 mg/kg) in the 7 samples collected along the Big River upstream from the Barite District, and were about 20 percent lower than samples collected downstream (1,249 to 2,232; average of 1,859 mg/ kg) from the Barite District which does not include pre-2015 deposit soil (sample identifier-SL). Lead concentrations in bulk flood sediment samples collected upstream from the Barite District were not significantly different from concentra tions in samples collected downstream from the Barite District at an alpha level of 0.05 (Mann-Whitney Test [Helsel and Hirsch, 2002]; p-value of 0.18). Lead concentrations in the <0.063-mm size fraction of these same sample groups were similar in the upstream samples (average of 1,990 mg/kg) and downstream samples (average of 2,067 mg/kg) and about 10 to 30 percent larger than average concentrations in the bulk samples. There was no significant difference between samples collected upstream from those collected downstream for the <0.063-mm fraction (Mann-Whitney Test; p-value of 1.00). Lead concentrations in flood-deposit samples collected along the Big River exceeded the 128-mg/kg PEC and the EPA resi dential cleanup level of 400 mg/kg in the bulk and <0.063-mm fraction (table 10). Concentrations of barium (ranging from 272 to 3,697 mg/ kg) in flood sediment samples collected on the Big River were largest in samples collected downstream from the Barite District. Barium concentrations in samples upstream from the Barite District ranged from 300 to 546 mg/kg. The upstream concentrations were similar to concentrations found in samples (DC-01 and DC-01-SL) from Dry Creek (table 10; fig. 14), which lies east of the Barite District where very little mining has occurred. This similarity may indicate that barium concentrations upstream from the Barite district on the Big River may be closer to background conditions. Lead concentrations were much larger (2–3 orders of magnitude) in sieved and bulk samples along the Big River upstream from the Barite District than samples collected from tributaries in the Barite District. Concentrations of zinc were somewhat similar in the Big River and Barite District tributar ies but tended to be larger in upstream Big River sites (fig. 14).
30 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River 1,000 10,000 1,000 10,000 1,000 10,000 1,000 10,000 1,000 10,000 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-05 MLC-B-01 MLC-B-02 MLC-B-03 MLC-B-04 MLC-B-05 Depth, in feet below land surface 1,000 10,000 1,000 10,000
1,000 10,000 10 1,000 10,000 10 1,000 10,000 Concentration, in milligrams per kilogram determined by x-ray fluorescence EXPLANATION Barium Lead Zinc Figure 13. Concentrations of barium, lead, and zinc determined by x-ray fluorescence in bulk cores collected from two locations on the Mill Creek flood plain.
Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment 31 90°50' 38°10' 38° 90°30' 90°40' # # # ## ## # # ### # # # # # # # EXPLANATION 5 MILES 5 KILOMETERS Base from National Hydrologic dataset, 2011, 1:100,000 Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 15 Mineral Fork Creek Mill Creek Dry Creek Big River Mining data from Mugel (2017) Old Mines Creek BR-13 BR-14 BR-14-SL BR-15 BR-15-SL BR-16 BR-17 BR-18 BR-18-SL BR-19 BR-20 BR-20-SL BR-21 BR-22 BR-23 BR-24 BR-25 BR-26 BR-27 DC-01 DC-01-SL 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 Concentration, in milligrams per kilogram Samples collected of sediment deposited by the December 2015 flood Downstream from the Barite District Upstream from the Barite District Dry Creek FBT-01 MF-01 MF-01-SL MF-02 MF-03 ML-01 OMC-01 UK-01 Barite District DC-01 UK-01 ML-01 BR-26 BR-27 BR-25 BR-24 BR-23 BR-22 BR-21 BR-20 BR-19 BR-18 BR-17 BR-16 MF-03 MF-02 MF-01 BR-15 BR-14 BR-13 FBT-01 OMC-01 DC-01-SL BR-20-SL BR-18-SL MF-01-SL BR-15-SL BR-14-SL Barium concentration Lead concentration Zinc concentration EXPLANATION # Barium concentration Lead concentration Zinc concentration Barite waste pond Major barite mined areas Big River watershed boundary 2015 Flood-deposit sample Figure 14. Concentration of barium, lead, and zinc and location of bulk samples collected from sediment deposited by the December 2015 flood in the middle and lower Big River watershed, Missouri, 2016.
32 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 10. Concentrations of select trace elements determined by x-ray fluorescence in sediment deposited on the flood plain from the December 2015 flood and in underlying soils, Missouri, 2016. [mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; Ba, barium; Pb, lead; Zn, zinc; Bulk, unsieved sample; SF, surface sample consisting of only newly deposited fines from recent flood; less than; SL, pre-2015 deposit soil from 6 to 8 inches below original grade; --, not determined] Sample identifier Grain size Sample type Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mass ratio Ba/Pb, in mg/kg Pb/Zn, in mg/kg Ba/Zn, in mg/kg Upstream from Washington County Barite District Big River BR-26 Bulk SF <11 <35 1,180 1,377 <65 BR-26 SF <11 <35 1,529 1,392 <65 1,058 BR-27 Bulk SF <11 <35 1,000 1,265 <65 BR-27 SF <11 <35 2,045 1,213 <65 1,293 BR-21 Bulk SF <11 <12 1,650 1,355 <65 BR-21 SF <11 <12 2,025 1,322 <65 BR-22 Bulk SF <11 <12 1,386 <65 BR-22 SF <11 <12 1,579 1,429 <65 BR-23 SF <11 1,972 1,363 <65 BR-23 Bulk SF <11 2,043 1,508 <65 BR-25 Bulk SF <11 1,995 1,689 <65 BR-25 SF <11 2,233 1,538 <65 BR-24 Bulk SF <11 1,710 1,722 <65 BR-24 SF <11 2,603 1,702 <65 Mean 1,746 1,447 Downstream from Washington County Barite District Big River BR-19 Bulk SF <11 <12 1,988 1,497 <65 BR-19 SF <11 <12 2,082 1,469 <65 BR-18 Bulk SF <11 1,058 <12 2,049 1,652 <65 BR-18 SF <11 1,032 <12 1,984 1,543 <65 BR-18-SL Bulk SL <11 1,420 <12 1,848 1,344 <65 BR-18-SL SL <11 1,473 <12 1,806 1,305 <65 BR-16 Bulk SF <11 2,168 1,662 <65 BR-16 SF <11 2,163 1,697 <65 BR-17 Bulk SF <11 <12 2,232 1,434 <65
Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment 33 Table 10. Concentrations of select trace elements determined by x-ray fluorescence in sediment deposited on the flood plain from the December 2015 flood and in underlying soils, Missouri, 2016.—Continued [mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; Ba, barium; Pb, lead; Zn, zinc; Bulk, unsieved sample; SF, surface sample consisting of only newly deposited fines from recent flood; less than; SL, pre-2015 deposit soil from 6 to 8 inches below original grade; --, not determined] Sample identifier Grain size Sample type Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mass ratio Ba/Pb, in mg/kg Pb/Zn, in mg/kg Ba/Zn, in mg/kg Downstream from Washington County Barite District—Continued Big River—Continued BR-17 SF <11 1,175 <12 2,679 1,382 <65 BR-20 Bulk SF <11 1,486 <12 1,249 1,048 <65 BR-20 SF <11 1,868 <12 <35 1,334 1,048 <65 BR-20-SL Bulk SL <11 1,259 <12 <35 1,100 1,002 <65 BR-20-SL SL <11 1,609 <12 <35 1,233 1,078 <65 BR-15 Bulk SF <11 1,167 <12 1,734 <65 BR-15 SF <11 1,651 <12 2,437 1,300 <65 BR-15-SL Bulk SL <11 1,679 <12 1,681 1,014 <65 BR-15-SL SL <11 1,931 <12 2,050 1,226 <65 BR-14 Bulk SF <11 2,954 <12 <35 1,447 <65 BR-14 SF <11 3,697 <12 1,813 1,152 <65 BR-14-SL Bulk SL <11 1,309 <12 1,676 <65 BR-14-SL SL <11 1,506 <12 1,783 1,055 <65 BR-13 Bulk SF <11 1,310 <12 2,008 1,243 <65 BR-13 SF <11 1,406 <12 2,047 1,266 <65 Mean 1,471 1,858 1,259 Jefferson County District tributary Butcher Brook DC-01 Bulk SF <11 <12 <35 <65 DC-01 SF <11 <12 <35 <65 DC-01-SL Bulk SL <11 <12 <35 <65 DC-01-SL SL <11 <12 <35 <65 Mean
34 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 10. Concentrations of select trace elements determined by x-ray fluorescence in sediment deposited on the flood plain from the December 2015 flood and in underlying soils, Missouri, 2016.—Continued [mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; Ba, barium; Pb, lead; Zn, zinc; Bulk, unsieved sample; SF, surface sample consisting of only newly deposited fines from recent flood; less than; SL, pre-2015 deposit soil from 6 to 8 inches below original grade; --, not determined] Sample identifier Grain size Sample type Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mass ratio Ba/Pb, in mg/kg Pb/Zn, in mg/kg Ba/Zn, in mg/kg Washington County Barite District tributary Mineral Fork MF-01 Bulk SF <11 <12 <35 <65 MF-01 SF <11 2,882 <12 <35 <65 MF-01-SL Bulk SL <11 2,156 <12 <35 <65 MF-01-SL SL <11 3,422 <12 <35 <65 OMC-01 Bulk SF <11 3,749 <12 <35 <65 OMC-01 SF <11 17,224 <12 <35 1,342 <65 MF-02 Bulk SF <11 2,289 <12 <35 <65 MF-02 SF <11 3,298 <12 <35 <65 MF-03 Bulk SF <11 5,122 <12 <35 <65 MF-03 SF <11 6,129 <12 <35 <65 Mill Creek FBT-01 Bulk SF <11 6,004 <12 <35 1,595 <65 FBT-01 SF <11 10,481 <12 <35 1,571 <65 UK-01 SF <11 6,610 <12 <35 <65 UK-01 Bulk SF <11 8,549 <12 <35 <65 ML-01 Bulk SF <11 4,926 <12 <35 <65 ML-01 SF <11 20,859 <12 <35 1,114 <65 Mean 6,504
Summary and Conclusions 35 Lead concentrations in samples from Barite District tributar ies ranged from 56 to 485 mg/kg with 14 out of 16 samples exceeding the PEC (128 mg/kg), but only 3 out of 16 exceeded the EPA residential cleanup level (400 mg/kg). Samples col lected along the Big River upstream and downstream exceeded the EPA residential cleanup level by a minimum of 220 per cent and maximum of 670 percent. A comparison of the ratios of barium to lead, lead to zinc, and barium to zinc show higher barium to lead and barium to zinc ratios downstream from the Barite District and are greatest in the finer sediment fractions (fig. 15B, D, and E). The lead to zinc ratios were also greater downstream from the Barite District with the greatest ratios in the <0.250-mm frac tion (fig. 15D). The amplitude increase of the barium to lead and barium to zinc ratios downstream from the Barite District in the Big River for the smaller size fractions (fig. 15D, E, F) may reflect the greater mobility of barium-rich sediment <0.250 mm and the proximity to the source of the barium. Barium to lead and barium to zinc ratios in sediments depos ited by the December 2015 flood and streambed sediments in Mineral Fork Creek and Mill Creek tended to increase down stream (fig. 16). Lead to zinc ratios in sediments deposited by the December 2015 flood and streambed sediments in Mineral Fork Creek and Mill Creek remained stable throughout the two streams (fig. 16). Large increases in barium concentrations and barium to lead and zinc ratios in streambed and flood sediments at Big River sites downstream from the Barite District indicate an influx of barium into the Big River from tributaries in the Barite District. Despite a known influx of Barite District sedi ments into the Big River, as evidenced by the large increase in barium concentrations in sediment downstream from the Barite District in the Big River, sediments from the Barite District are only a small contributor of lead and zinc to the Big River system, which is evidenced by the smaller lead and zinc concentrations in Barite District sediments (streambed, flood-plain core, and flood) compared to Big River sediments upstream from the Barite District, and smaller lead and zinc concentrations in Big River sediments (streambed and flood) downstream from the Barite District compared to Big River sediments upstream from the Barite District. Summary and Conclusions Missouri has been a leading producer of lead in the world for more than 100 years. Ore minerals of lead (mostly galena and lead sulfide), zinc (sphalerite and zinc sulfide), and barium (barite and barium sulfate) are present across southeast Missouri. Some of the most abundant deposits are within the Big River watershed in parts of Washington, Jefferson, and St. Francois Counties, Mo. Lead mining first began in the Big River watershed during the 1700s with shallow diggings in surficial materials that in the early 1800s evolved into shallow shafts less than about 50 feet (ft) deep in the middle part of the watershed. In the 1860s, lead and zinc mining shifted to vast deposits of lead ore that were discovered several hundred feet beneath the surface in what is referred to as the Old Lead Belt in the vicinity of Bonne Terre and Park Hills, Mo. More than 200 years of lead and zinc mining and 100 years of barite mining has left a legacy of mine waste contamination in the Big River watershed. The most obvious traces of past mining activity are large mine waste piles (hundreds of acres in size and often more than 100 ft tall), large tracts of disturbed and partially vegetated land and mill ponds, and metal-rich sedi ments in local Old Lead Belt streams. Although considerable attention has been given to concentrations of mining-related trace elements (mostly cadmium, lead, and zinc) in the Big River and its tributaries draining the Old Lead Belt, there is less information regarding concentrations of mining-related trace elements in tributaries draining the Barite District and how much they contribute to metal contamination in lower reaches of the Big River. The purpose of this report is to present results of an investigation of the distribution of mining-related trace ele ments in sediments in the middle reach of the Big River down stream from the Old Lead Belt and its tributaries that drain a large part of the Barite District. A focus of the study was to contrast mining-related trace-element concentrations in tribu taries draining mined areas in the Barite District with traceelement concentrations in the middle reach of the Big River that drains the Old Lead Belt Subdistrict of the Southeast Missouri Lead District, which is about 35 miles upstream from the Barite District. Three general geomorphological features were the focus of sediment collection. Streambed-sediment samples were collected during 2012 at 10 locations along three tributaries draining the Barite District and at 5 locations on the Big River. Core samples of flood-plain deposits were col lected in 2013 from 26 cores along two tributaries draining the Barite District (Mineral Fork Creek and Mill Creek) and along a tributary of Mineral Fork Creek upstream from the Barite District (Fourche Renault Creek). Fine sediments deposited by the December 2015 flood event were collected from locations along the Big River flood plain upstream and downstream from the Barite District and along Barite District tributaries. In general, concentrations of cadmium and lead in streambed sediment were largest in samples from the Big River (average of 5.4 milligrams per kilogram [mg/kg] for cadmium and 1,011 mg/kg for lead) and smallest in samples from the Barite District tributaries (average of 1.1 mg/kg for cadmium and 223 mg/kg for lead). Of the individual 45 streambed-sediment samples sent to the laboratory for analysis, the probable effects concentration (PEC) values were exceeded for cadmium (6 samples), lead (35 samples), and zinc (17 samples). Of the 45 samples, 14 exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency residential yard cleanup level of 400 mg/kg for lead. Concentrations of zinc were somewhat similar in the Big River (average of 371 mg/kg) and Barite District tributaries (average of 400 mg/kg) but tended to be larger in upstream Big River sites and at single sites on Old Mines Creek and Mineral Fork Creek. Barium concentrations
36 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Barium to zinc ratio Lead to zinc ratio Barium to lead ratio BR24–25 BR18–19 BR16–17 BR-20 BR-15 BR13–14 Site location in order from upstream to downstream EXPLANATION Ratio of selected elements in sediments from 2015 flood A. Bulk-size fraction B. Less than 0.063-mm size fraction Upstream from the Barite District Downstream from the Barite District BR-05 BR-04 BR-03 BR-02 BR-01 BR26–27 BR21–23 Ratio of selected elements in streambed-sediment samples F. All size fractions E. Less than 0.063-mm size fraction C. Less than 2-mm size fraction D. Less than 0.250-mm size fraction BR-05 BR-04 BR-03 BR-02 BR-01 BR24–25 BR18–19 BR16–17 BR-20 BR-15 BR13–14 BR26–27 BR21–23 Upstream from the Barite District Downstream from the Barite District Upstream from the Barite District Downstream from the Barite District Upstream from the Barite District Downstream from the Barite District Upstream from the Barite District Downstream from the Barite District Upstream from the Barite District Downstream from the Barite District Figure 15. Ratios of selected elements in deposited sediments from A–B, the December 2015 flood (table 10) and C–F, streambed-sediment samples (table 7). The site order is from upstream to downstream. All native soil samples are included in the charts.
Summary and Conclusions 37 FBT-01 UK-01 ML-01 ML-04 MD-01 Ratio of selected elements in deposited sediments from the 2015 flood as determined by x-ray fluorescence results Ratio of selected elements in streambed-sediment samples as determined by laboratory results ML-03 MF-01 OMC-01 MF-02 MF-03 MF-01BG ML-02 ML-01 MF-04 MF-03OM MF-03 MF-02 MF-01 Site location in order from upstream to downstream [Each graph consists of all size fractions from tables 7 and 10] Barium to zinc ratio Lead to zinc ratio Barium to lead ratio EXPLANATION A B D E Figure 16. Ratios of selected elements in deposited sediments from A–B, the December 2015 flood (table 10) and C–E, streambed-sediment samples (table 7). The site order is from upstream to downstream.
38 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River were considerably larger in samples from Barite District tribu taries (average of 4,725 mg/kg) compared to the Big River (average of 965 mg/kg). Mass ratios of barium to lead and lead to zinc varied in streambed-sediment samples but indicated an influx metal contamination from the various barite and lead-zinc mining areas. Most noticeable are the large barium to lead ratios in Barite District tributaries (average of 31.8 excluding site MF-01 that is near the Big River) that are nearly 15 to 100 times greater compared to the Big River (average of 2.01 at sites BR-01, BR-02, and BR-03 downstream from the Barite District and average of 0.36 at sites BR-04 and BR-05 upstream from the Barite District). Flood-plain core samples were collected from 26 cores along 5 transect locations along streams draining the Barite District—one along Fourche Renault Creek in the upper part of the Mineral Fork Creek watershed and upstream from most of the Barite District, two transects along the lower reach of Mineral Fork Creek, and two transects along the lower reach of Mill Creek. Of the individual 693 bulk samples from these cores analyzed by the x-ray fluorescence (XRF), the PEC values were exceeded for cadmium (218 samples), lead (91 samples), nickel (45 samples), and zinc (77 samples). Of the 693 samples, 21 exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency residential yard cleanup level of 400 mg/ kg for lead and 19 of these were samples from a transect on the Mineral Fork Creek near its mouth where its flood plain joins the Big River flood plain. The sediments from this area are likely a mixture of sediments deposited by both Mineral Fork Creek and Big River. Because the XRF reporting level of 12 mg/kg for cadmium is larger than the PEC (4.98 mg/ kg), the frequency of cadmium exceeding the PEC is likely underreported. Scanning bulk core samples provided a rapid determina tion of metal profiles with depth; however, this can introduce error because trace elements may be irregularly distributed between the various sediment grain-size fractions, causing the XRF beam to disproportionately measure singular large grains. Concentrations of trace elements in the bulk core also do not provide information on metal concentrations for different size fractions, which is important because smaller grain sizes may dissolve more easily in stomachs of animals, making the metal have greater bioavailability to animals. To determine the usability of the XRF data from the bulk core scans and deter mine if grain size had a measureable effect on reported metal concentrations, 47 samples from five cores were split into four fractions (<0.063 millimeters, 0.063 to 0.250 millimeters, 0.250 to 2 millimeters, and greater than 2 millimeters) that were analyzed by an XRF and compared to the average bulk core XRF scans of these same intervals. Metal concentrations tended to be larger in the smaller size fractions. Twenty-three flood-deposit sediment samples were col lected after the December 2015 flood—15 from the Big River flood plain (7 samples upstream and 8 samples downstream from the Barite District), 7 samples along the flood plains of Barite District tributaries (Mill Creek and Mineral Fork Creek), and 1 sample from the Dry Creek flood plain that represents a Big River tributary in Jefferson County with little known mining within its watershed. Metal concentrations reported by XRF in the 2015 flood-deposit sediments indicated samples collected along the Big River had the largest lead and zinc concentrations, whereas samples collected from Barite District tributaries had the largest barium concentrations. The mean lead concentration in flood samples collected along the Big River was 1,746 mg/kg upstream from the Barite District and 1,858 mg/kg downstream from the Barite District, and the mean lead concentration in flood samples collected in the Barite District tributaries was 235 mg/kg. The mean zinc concentration in flood samples collected along the Big River was 731 mg/kg upstream from the Barite District and 474 mg/ kg downstream from the Barite District, and the mean zinc concentration in flood samples collected in the Barite District tributaries was 423 mg/kg. Barium concentrations in flood sediment samples collected along the Big River downstream from the Barite District were larger overall than those in sam ples collected along the Big River upstream from the Barite District. The mean barium concentration in flood samples col lected along the Big River was 438 mg/kg upstream from the Barite District and 1,471 mg/kg downstream from the Barite District, and the mean barium concentration in flood samples collected in the Barite District tributaries was 6,504 mg/kg. The sample from Dry Creek contained the smallest concen trations of barium (<700 mg/kg), lead (<60 mg/kg), and zinc (<140 mg/kg) in the bulk or fine fraction, which was consis tent with the minimal mining in its watershed. Large increases in barium concentrations and barium to lead and zinc ratios in streambed and flood sediments at Big River sites downstream from the Barite District indicate an influx of barium into the Big River from tributaries in the Barite District. Despite a known influx of Barite District sedi ments into the Big River, as evidenced by the large increase in barium concentrations in sediment downstream from the Barite District in the Big River, sediments from the Barite District are only a small contributor of lead and zinc to the Big River system which is evidenced by the smaller lead and zinc concentrations in Barite District sediments (streambed, flood-plain core, and flood) compared to Big River sediments upstream from the Barite District, and smaller lead and zinc concentrations in Big River sediments (streambed and flood) downstream from the Barite District compared to Big River sediments upstream from the Barite District. References Ball, S.H., 1916, The lead mines of Washington County v. 113: Missouri, Mining and Scientific Press, p. 807–810. Burford, J., 1978, Underground treasures, the story of mining in Missouri, in Official Manual of the State of Missouri, 1977-1978: Jefferson City, Mo., p. 1–33.
References 39 Dake, C.L., 1930, The geology of the Potosi and Edgehill quadrangles: Missouri Bureau of Geology and Mines, v. 23, 2d series, 233 p. with plates. Duchrow, R.M., 1976, The effects of barite tailings pond dam failure upon the water quality of Mill Creek and Big River, Washington County, Missouri: Columbia, Mo., Missouri Department of Conservation, D-J Project F-19-R. Ekberg, C.J., Smith, C.R., Walters, W.D., Jr., and Lange, F.W., 1981, A cultural, geographical, and historical study of the Pine Ford Lake project area, Washington, Jefferson, Franklin, and St. Francois Counties, Missouri: Illinois State University, 115 p., accessed September 9, 2014, at :// oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix= &identifier=ADA292365. Helsel, D.R., and Hirsch, R.M., 2002, Statistical methods in water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 4, chap. A3, 522 p. Kramer, R.L., 1976, Effects of century old Missouri lead mining operation upon the water quality, sediments, and biota of Flat River Creek: Columbia, Mo., University of Missouri-Rolla, unpublished M.S. thesis, 111 p. Luoma, S.N., 1989, Can we determine the biological avail ability of sediment-bound trace elements?: Hydrobiologia, v. 176, no. 1, p. 379–396. [Also available at ://doi. org/10.1007/BF00026572.] Lynch, J., 1996, Provisional elemental values for four new geochemical soil and till reference materials, till-1, till-2, till-3 and till-4: Geostandards Newsletter, v. 20, no. 2, p. 277–287. [Also available at ://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751908X.1996.tb00189.x.] MacDonald, D.D., Ingersoll, C.G., and Berger, T.A., 2000, Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 39, no. 1, p. 20–31. [Also available at ://doi.org/10.1007/ s002440010075.] Meneau, K.J., 1997, Big River watershed inventory and assessment: Missouri Department of Conservation, 106 p., accessed January 26, 2017, at ://mdc.mo.gov/sites/ default/files/watersheds/big.pdf. Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, 2018, 2018 Missouri Fish Advisory—A guide to eating Missouri Fish: accessed January 5, 2018, at ://health.mo.gov/ living/environment/fishadvisory/pdf/fishadvisory.pdf. Missouri Department of Natural Resources, 2014, Missouri lead mining history by county: accessed January 2016 at ://dnr.mo.gov/env/hwp/sfund/lead-mo-history-more. htm. Mugel, D.N., 2017, Geology and mining history of the Southeast Missouri Barite District and the Valles Mines, Washington, Jefferson, and St. Francois Counties, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5173, 61 p., accessed December 15, 2016, at :// doi.org/10.3133/sir20165173. Park, J.R., 2006, Missouri mining heritage guide, v. 1.3: Miami, Fla., Stonerose Publishing Company, 279 p. Pavlowsky, R.T., Owen, M.R., and Martin, D.J., 2010, Distri bution, geochemistry, and storage of mining sediment in the channel and floodplain deposits of the Big River system in St. Francois, Washington, and Jefferson Counties, Mis souri: Ozarks Environmental and Water Resources Institute, Missouri State University, final report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 141 p. Reed, J.J., 2009, Certification of three soil SRMs for inorganic environmental measurements: National Institute of Stan dards and Technology, accessed January 2017 at :// www.nist.gov/programs-projects/certification-three-soilsrms-inorganic-environmental-measurements. Schmitt, C.J., and Finger, S.E., 1982, The dynamics of metals from past and present mining activities in the Big and Black River watersheds, southeastern Missouri: Columbia, Mo., U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Final report for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 153 p. Schoolcraft, H.R., 1819, A view of the lead mines of Missouri, including some observations on the mineralogy, geol ogy, geography, antiquities, soil, climate, population, and productions of Missouri and Arkansaw, and other sections of the western country: New York, Charles Wiley & Co., 299 p. Smith, B.J., and Schumacher, J.G., 1991, Hydrochemical and sediment data for the Old Lead Belt, southeastern Mis souri, 1988–89: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91–211, 98 p. Smith, B.J., and Schumacher, J.G., 1993, Surface-water and sediment quality in the Old Lead Belt, southeastern Mis souri, 1988–89: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93–4012, 92 p. Smith, D.C., 2016, Occurrence, distribution, and volume of metals-contaminated sediment of selected streams drain ing the Tri-State Mining District, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Kansas, 2011–12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investi gations Report 2016–5144, 86 p., accessed January 2017 at ://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165144.
40 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Smith, D.C., and Wilson, J.L., 2018, Concentrations of major and trace elements in streambed and floodplain sediment along the middle Big River and tributaries in the Southeast Missouri Barite District and in quality-assurance samples, 2012–15: U.S. Geological Survey data release, ://doi. org/10.5066/P9OFYN3C. Taggart, J.E., 2002, Analytical methods for chemical analysis of geologic and other materials, U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002–223 [vari ously paged]. Tarr, W.A., 1919, The barite deposits of Missouri: Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, v. 14, no. 1, p. 46–67. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2007, Method 6200—Field portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the determination of elemental concentrations in soil and sediment: accessed January 2017 at ://www.epa.gov/ sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/6200.pdf. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2011, Record of decision—Big River mine tailings super fund site, St. Francois County, Missouri, CERCLIS ID# MOD981126899, Operable Unit-1: accessed December 29, 2016, at ://archive.epa.gov/region07/factsheets/web/ pdf/mo_rod_big_rivers.pdf. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2016, Site information for Southwest Jefferson County mining: accessed December 29, 2016, at ://cumulis.epa.gov/ supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0705443. U.S. Geological Survey, 2015, National Water Information System—USGS water data for the Nation: U.S. Geologi cal Survey, accessed December 5, 2016, at ://dx.doi. org/10.5066/F7P55KJN. Weigel, W.M., 1977, Valle Mines washer design: Valles Mines, Mo., accessed June 19, 2014, at ://www.vallesmines. com/Downloads/Valles%20Mines%20Ore%20Washer.pdf. Wharton, H.M., 1972, Barite ore potential of four tailings ponds in the Washington County Barite District, Missouri: Missouri Geological Survey and Water Resources Report of Investigations No. 53, 91 p. Wharton, H.M., 1975, Introduction to the Southeast Missouri Lead District, in Guidebook to the geology and ore deposits of selected mines in the Viburnum Trend, Missouri: Rolla, Mo., Missouri Department of Natural Resources Report of Investigations 58, 60 p.
Tables 6–9
42 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 6. Comparison of concentrations of selected trace elements in various size fractions of flood-plain core samples analyzed by the laboratory and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency x-ray fluorescence unit. [Light gray shaded cells indicate a percent difference greater than 30. Dark gray shaded cells indicate a percent difference less than –30. mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; XRF, x-ray fluorescence; Lab, laboratory; less than; --, not determined; na, not applicable] Sample identifier USGS site identifier Grain size group1 Sample depth, in feet Lead, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg XRF Lab Percent difference2 XRF Lab Percent difference2 XRF Lab Percent difference2 FR-01_0.5-0.75 380161490873801 0.5–0.75 −27.9 −65.0 1,040 −47.8 FR-02_12-16 380162190874002 12–16 −49.8 −53.8 −43.7 FR-03_1-2 380163290874302 1–2 −18.8 −95.6 −33.4 FR-03_15-16 380163290874312 15–16 −20.2 −50.9 1,001 1,567 −44.1 FR-03_6-7 380163290874307 6–7 −96.4 1,189 −104.4 MFC-A-01_2-3 380950090684901 2–3 7,510 7,793. −3.7 −9.2 1,565 2,012 −25.0 MFC-B-00_0.75-1 380946490711101 0.75–1 −7.6 1,793 4,552 −87.0 1,114 −40.1 MFC-B-02_10-11 380971190710711 10–11 1,387 −68.5 MLC-A-01_0.25-0.33 380315990629501 0.25–0.33 −5.2 1,610 4,101 −87.2 −39.4 MLC-A-02_1-2 380312190629202 1–2 9,006 4,371 MLC-A-02_12-13 380312190629211 12–13 −0.6 9,698 4,006 MLC-A-03_5-8 380310990629002 5–8 −29.3 2,176 −94.6 −52.0 FR-03_15-16 380163290874312 15–16 −52.1 −79.5 1,145 −23.3 MLC-B-05_10-11.4 380136290651710 10–11.4 −44.3 −47.6 −13.2 MLC-B-05_1-2 380136290651702 1–2 −6.7 2,600 −89.2 −16.9 MLC-B-05_5-6 380136290651705 5–6 −3.2 2,670 6,645 −85.3 −20.0 MLC-A-02_1-2 380312190629202 1–2 12,908 4,405 MLC-A-02_6.6-7 380312190629206 6.6–7 −14.5 1,147 3,089 −91.7 1,122 −38.5 MLC-A-05_0-1 380308790628701 0–1 5,033 6,107 −19.3 −4.3 MLC-A-05_3-4 380308790628704 3–4 7,111 −156.2 FR-01_0.5-0.75 380161490873801 0.5–0.75 −12.6 −102.0 1,058 −25.9 FR-02_12-16 380162190874002 12–16 <13 −54.2 FR-03_6-7 380163290874307 6–7 <13 −1.4 −82.7 MFC-A-01_2-3 380950090684901 2–3 6,835 7,793 −13.1 −33.4 1,564 2,091 −28.8 MFC-B-00_0.75-1 380946490711101 0.75–1 −16.6 1,661 5,004 −100.3 −27.8 MFC-B-02_10-11 380971190710711 10–11 −51.7 −50.4 2,091 −139.2 MLC-A-02_12-13 380312190629211 12–13 −27.6 4,797 6,482 −29.9 MLC-A-03_5-8 380310990629002 5–8 −94.6 −90.9 FR-03_1-2 380163290874302 1–2 −42.3 MLC-A-02_6.6-7 380312190629206 6.6–7 −25.3 1,488 −55.1 −24.3
Tables 6–9 43 Table 6. Comparison of concentrations of selected trace elements in various size fractions of flood-plain core samples analyzed by the laboratory and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency x-ray fluorescence unit.—Continued [Light gray shaded cells indicate a percent difference greater than 30. Dark gray shaded cells indicate a percent difference less than –30. mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; XRF, x-ray fluorescence; Lab, laboratory; less than; --, not determined; na, not applicable] Sample identifier USGS site identifier Grain size group1 Sample depth, in feet Lead, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg XRF Lab Percent difference2 XRF Lab Percent difference2 XRF Lab Percent difference2 Summary na Number of results where XRF is greater than laboratory result na na na na na na na na Number of results where XRF is less than laboratory result na na na na na na na na Overall average na na −19 1,976 2,343 −43 −30 na Group 1 average na na −16 2,144 1,933 −34 1,056 −39 na Group 2 average na na −9 3,001 3,833 −59 −11 na Group 3 average na na 1,043 −36 1,039 1,843 −51 −41 na Group 4 average na na −34 −8
44 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 6. Comparison of concentrations of selected trace elements in various size fractions of flood-plain core samples analyzed by the laboratory and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency x-ray fluorescence unit.—Continued [Light gray shaded cells indicate a percent difference greater than 30. Dark gray shaded cells indicate a percent difference less than –30. mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; XRF, x-ray fluorescence; Lab, laboratory; less than; --, not determined; na, not applicable] Sample identifier USGS site identifier Grain size group1 Sample depth, in feet Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg XRF Lab Percent difference2 XRF Lab Percent difference2 XRF Lab Percent difference2 FR-01_0.5-0.75 380161490873801 0.5–0.75 <65 −32.3 FR-02_12-16 380162190874002 12–16 <65 −31.5 FR-03_1-2 380163290874302 1–2 <65 −4.5 <12 FR-03_15-16 380163290874312 15–16 <65 −36.6 FR-03_6-7 380163290874307 6–7 <65 −45.0 MFC-A-01_2-3 380950090684901 2–3 <65 MFC-B-00_0.75-1 380946490711101 0.75–1 −5.3 MFC-B-02_10-11 380971190710711 <65 MLC-A-01_0.25-0.33 380315990629501 0.25–0.33 <65 −7.4 MLC-A-02_1-2 380312190629202 1–2 <65 −5.3 <12 MLC-A-02_12-13 380312190629211 12–13 <12 MLC-A-03_5-8 380310990629002 5–8 <65 −32.4 FR-03_15-16 380163290874312 15–16 −11.5 MLC-B-05_10-11.4 380136290651710 10–11.4 <12 MLC-B-05_1-2 380136290651702 1–2 <65 −9.6 <12 MLC-B-05_5-6 380136290651705 5–6 −5.5 <12 MLC-A-02_1-2 380312190629202 1–2 −4.6 <12 MLC-A-02_6.6-7 380312190629206 6.6–7 <65 −8.7 <12 MLC-A-05_0-1 380308790628701 0–1 <65 −4.8 <12 MLC-A-05_3-4 380308790628704 3–4 <65 <12 FR-01_0.5-0.75 380161490873801 0.5–0.75 <65 <12 FR-02_12-16 380162190874002 12–16 <65 −33.8 <12 FR-03_6-7 380163290874307 6–7 <65 −1.7 MFC-A-01_2-3 380950090684901 2–3 <65 1,017 MFC-B-00_0.75-1 380946490711101 0.75–1 −0.9 <12 MFC-B-02_10-11 380971190710711 10–11 <65 −22.5 <12 MLC-A-02_12-13 380312190629211 12–13 <65 −26.5 <12 MLC-A-03_5-8 380310990629002 5–8 −39.4 <12 FR-03_1-2 380163290874302 1–2 <65 <12 MLC-A-02_6.6-7 380312190629206 6.6–7 <65 −7.0
Tables 6–9 45 Table 6. Comparison of concentrations of selected trace elements in various size fractions of flood-plain core samples analyzed by the laboratory and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency x-ray fluorescence unit.—Continued [Light gray shaded cells indicate a percent difference greater than 30. Dark gray shaded cells indicate a percent difference less than –30. mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; XRF, x-ray fluorescence; Lab, laboratory; less than; --, not determined; na, not applicable] Sample identifier USGS site identifier Grain size group1 Sample depth, in feet Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg XRF Lab Percent difference2 XRF Lab Percent difference2 XRF Lab Percent difference2 Summary na Number of results where XRF is greater than laboratory result na na na na na na na na Number of results where XRF is less than laboratory result na na na na na na na na Overall average na na −7 na Group 1 average na na −12 na Group 2 average na na na Group 3 average na na −13 na Group 4 average na na <65
46 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 6. Comparison of concentrations of selected trace elements in various size fractions of flood-plain core samples analyzed by the laboratory and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency x-ray fluorescence unit.—Continued [Light gray shaded cells indicate a percent difference greater than 30. Dark gray shaded cells indicate a percent difference less than –30. mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; XRF, x-ray fluorescence; Lab, laboratory; less than; --, not determined; na, not applicable] Sample identifier USGS site identifier Grain size group1 Sample depth, in feet Colbalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Arsenic, in mg/kg XRF Lab Percent difference2 XRF Lab Percent difference2 XRF Lab Percent difference2 FR-01_0.5-0.75 380161490873801 0.5–0.75 <11 FR-02_12-16 380162190874002 12–16 <11 FR-03_1-2 380163290874302 1–2 <11 FR-03_15-16 380163290874312 15–16 <35 <11 FR-03_6-7 380163290874307 6–7 <35 <11 MFC-A-01_2-3 380950090684901 2–3 −3.3 <11 MFC-B-00_0.75-1 380946490711101 0.75–1 <11 MFC-B-02_10-11 380971190710711 <35 MLC-A-01_0.25-0.33 380315990629501 0.25–0.33 <11 MLC-A-02_1-2 380312190629202 1–2 <11 MLC-A-02_12-13 380312190629211 12–13 <11 MLC-A-03_5-8 380310990629002 5–8 <11 FR-03_15-16 380163290874312 15–16 <35 <11 MLC-B-05_10-11.4 380136290651710 10–11.4 <35 <11 MLC-B-05_1-2 380136290651702 1–2 <11 MLC-B-05_5-6 380136290651705 5–6 <35 MLC-A-02_1-2 380312190629202 1–2 <11 MLC-A-02_6.6-7 380312190629206 6.6–7 <11 MLC-A-05_0-1 380308790628701 0–1 <11 MLC-A-05_3-4 380308790628704 3–4 <11 FR-01_0.5-0.75 380161490873801 0.5–0.75 <35 <11 FR-02_12-16 380162190874002 12–16 <35 FR-03_6-7 380163290874307 6–7 <35 <11 MFC-A-01_2-3 380950090684901 2–3 −4.5 <11 MFC-B-00_0.75-1 380946490711101 0.75–1 <11 MFC-B-02_10-11 380971190710711 10–11 <35 <11 MLC-A-02_12-13 380312190629211 12–13 <35 <11 MLC-A-03_5-8 380310990629002 5–8 <35 <11 FR-03_1-2 380163290874302 1–2 <35 MLC-A-02_6.6-7 380312190629206 6.6–7 <35 <11
Tables 6–9 47 Table 6. Comparison of concentrations of selected trace elements in various size fractions of flood-plain core samples analyzed by the laboratory and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency x-ray fluorescence unit.—Continued [Light gray shaded cells indicate a percent difference greater than 30. Dark gray shaded cells indicate a percent difference less than –30. mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; XRF, x-ray fluorescence; Lab, laboratory; less than; --, not determined; na, not applicable] Sample identifier USGS site identifier Grain size group1 Sample depth, in feet Colbalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Arsenic, in mg/kg XRF Lab Percent difference2 XRF Lab Percent difference2 XRF Lab Percent difference2 Summary Number of results where XRF is greater than laboratory result na na na na na na Number of results where XRF is less than laboratory result na na na na na na Overall average Group 1 average Group 2 average Group 3 average Group 4 average aGrain size groups defined in order of increasing grain size: 1, less than 0.063 millimeters (mm); 2, 0.063—0.250 mm; 3, 0.250—2 mm; 4, greater than 2 mm.
48 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 7. Concentrations of major and trace constituents determined by laboratory analysis of various size fractions of streambed-sediment collected from the middle Big River and tributaries draining the Barite District, Missouri, 2012. [Dark gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the PEC for constituents. Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency residential yard cleanup level. mm, millime ter, w%, percent by weight; --, no data; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; PEC, consensus-based probable effects concentration, in parentheses (MacDonald and others, 2000); Ba, barium; Pb, lead; Zn, zinc; NA, not applicable; less than] Site number Size fraction (mm) Aluminum Calcium Iron Potassium Magnesium Sodium Sulfur Titanium Barium (mg/kg) Cadmium (mg/kg) PEC (4.98) Lead (mg/kg) PEC (128) Zinc (mg/kg) PEC (459) Antimony (mg/kg) Arsenic (mg/kg) PEC (33) BR-01 1,360
Br-02 2,090 1,620 1,800
Br-03 2,700 1,870 2,080
Br-04 1,960 1,140
Br-05 1,880
2,500 Md-01 2,560 5,720
8,490 Mf-01 3,080 4,200
Mf-02 3,290 4,200
Mf-03 1,750 5,160
1,150
Tables 6–9 49 Site number Size fraction (mm) Aluminum Calcium Iron Potassium Magnesium Sodium Sulfur Titanium Barium (mg/kg) Cadmium (mg/kg) PEC (4.98) Lead (mg/kg) PEC (128) Zinc (mg/kg) PEC (459) Antimony (mg/kg) Arsenic (mg/kg) PEC (33) MF-04 6,130 1,640
6,970 Mf-03Om 3,950 3,920
3,690 1,030 Ml-01 6,720 9,110
2,550 Ml-02 7,750 9,370
3,670 Ml-03 8,230 6,700
7,260 Ml-04 4,810 7,620
Cases above the instrument limit of detection Maximum 9,370 2,500 1,030 Minimum Mean 3,472 Table 7. Concentrations of major and trace constituents determined by laboratory analysis of various size fractions of streambed-sediment collected from the middle Big River and tributaries draining the Barite District, Missouri, 2012.—Continued [Dark gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the PEC for constituents. Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency residential yard cleanup level. mm, millime ter, w%, percent by weight; --, no data; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; PEC, consensus-based probable effects concentration, in parentheses (MacDonald and others, 2000); Ba, barium; Pb, lead; Zn, zinc; NA, not applicable; less than]
50 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 7. Concentrations of major and trace constituents determined by laboratory analysis of various size fractions of streambed-sediment collected from the middle Big River and tributaries draining the Barite District, Missouri, 2012.—Continued [Dark gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the PEC for constituents. Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency residential yard cleanup level. mm, millime ter, w%, percent by weight; --, no data; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; PEC, consensus-based probable effects concentration, in parentheses (MacDonald and others, 2000); Ba, barium; Pb, lead; Zn, zinc; NA, not applicable; less than] Site number Size fraction (mm) Beryllium (mg/kg) Bismuth (mg/kg) Cerium (mg/kg) Cobalt (mg/kg) Chromium (mg/kg) Cesium (mg/kg) Copper (mg/kg) PEC (149) Gallium (mg/kg) Indium (mg/kg) Lanthanum (mg/kg) Lithium (mg/kg) Manganese (mg/kg) Molybdenum (mg/kg) Niobium (mg/kg) BR-01
4,300
Br-02
3,740
2,090
Br-03
5,370
1,620
Br-04
4,180
3,300
2,410 Br-05
2,390
1,950
2,820 Md-01
1,000
1,140
Mf-01
1,510
1,120
Mf-02
1,550
Mf-03
Tables 6–9 51 Table 7. Concentrations of major and trace constituents determined by laboratory analysis of various size fractions of streambed-sediment collected from the middle Big River and tributaries draining the Barite District, Missouri, 2012.—Continued [Dark gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the PEC for constituents. Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency residential yard cleanup level. mm, millime ter, w%, percent by weight; --, no data; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; PEC, consensus-based probable effects concentration, in parentheses (MacDonald and others, 2000); Ba, barium; Pb, lead; Zn, zinc; NA, not applicable; less than] Site number Size fraction (mm) Beryllium (mg/kg) Bismuth (mg/kg) Cerium (mg/kg) Cobalt (mg/kg) Chromium (mg/kg) Cesium (mg/kg) Copper (mg/kg) PEC (149) Gallium (mg/kg) Indium (mg/kg) Lanthanum (mg/kg) Lithium (mg/kg) Manganese (mg/kg) Molybdenum (mg/kg) Niobium (mg/kg) MF-04
2,670
Mf-03Om
1,310
Ml-01
1,080
Ml-02
1,030
1,090
Ml-03
2,930
1,850
Ml-04
Cases above the instrument limit of detection Maximum 5,370 Minimum Mean 1,424
52 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 7. Concentrations of major and trace constituents determined by laboratory analysis of various size fractions of streambed-sediment collected from the middle Big River and tributaries draining the Barite District, Missouri, 2012.—Continued [Dark gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the PEC for constituents. Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency residential yard cleanup level. mm, millime ter, w%, percent by weight; --, no data; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; PEC, consensus-based probable effects concentration, in parentheses (MacDonald and others, 2000); Ba, barium; Pb, lead; Zn, zinc; NA, not applicable; less than] Site number Size fraction (mm) Nickel (mg/kg) PEC (48.6) Phosphorus (mg/kg) Rubidium (mg/kg) Scandium (mg/kg) Silver (mg/kg) Tin (mg/kg) Strontium (mg/kg) Tellurium (mg/kg) Thorium (mg/kg) Thallium (mg/kg) Tungsten (mg/kg) Uranium (mg/kg) Vanadium (mg/kg) Yttrium (mg/kg) BR-01
Br-02
Br-03
Br-04
Br-05
Md-01
Mf-01
Mf-02
Mf-03
Tables 6–9 53 Table 7. Concentrations of major and trace constituents determined by laboratory analysis of various size fractions of streambed-sediment collected from the middle Big River and tributaries draining the Barite District, Missouri, 2012.—Continued [Dark gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the PEC for constituents. Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency residential yard cleanup level. mm, millime ter, w%, percent by weight; --, no data; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; PEC, consensus-based probable effects concentration, in parentheses (MacDonald and others, 2000); Ba, barium; Pb, lead; Zn, zinc; NA, not applicable; less than] Site number Size fraction (mm) Nickel (mg/kg) PEC (48.6) Phosphorus (mg/kg) Rubidium (mg/kg) Scandium (mg/kg) Silver (mg/kg) Tin (mg/kg) Strontium (mg/kg) Tellurium (mg/kg) Thorium (mg/kg) Thallium (mg/kg) Tungsten (mg/kg) Uranium (mg/kg) Vanadium (mg/kg) Yttrium (mg/kg) MF-04
Mf-03Om <0.063
Ml-01
Ml-02
Ml-03
Ml-04
Cases above the instrument limit of detection Maximum Minimum Mean
54 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 7. Concentrations of major and trace constituents determined by laboratory analysis of various size fractions of streambed-sediment collected from the middle Big River and tributaries draining the Barite District, Missouri, 2012.—Continued [Dark gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the PEC for constituents. Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency residential yard cleanup level. mm, millime ter, w%, percent by weight; --, no data; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; PEC, consensus-based probable effects concentration, in parentheses (MacDonald and others, 2000); Ba, barium; Pb, lead; Zn, zinc; NA, not applicable; less than] Site number Size fraction (mm) Ratio Ba/Pb NA Pb/Zn NA Ba/Zn NA BR-01
Br-02
Br-03
Br-04
Br-05
Md-01
Mf-01
Mf-02
Site number Size fraction (mm) Ratio Ba/Pb NA Pb/Zn NA Ba/Zn NA MF-03
Mf-04
Mf-03Om
Ml-01
Ml-02
Ml-03
Ml-04
Cases above the instrument limit of detection Maximum Minimum Mean
Tables 6–9 55 Table 8. Select trace element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in various size fractions of sieved samples from flood-plain boreholes along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014. [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; less than; --, no data] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Grain size group1 Sample depth (ft) Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Fourche Renault FR-03 FR-03_0-1 0–1 <11 <12 <65 FR-03 FR-03_0-1 0–1 <11 <12 <65 FR-03 FR-03_0-1 0–1 <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_0-1 0–1 <11 <35 <65 FR-03 Bulk average 0–1 <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_1-2 1–2 <11 <12 <65 FR-03 FR-03_1-2 1–2 <11 <12 <35 FR-03 FR-03_1-2 1–2 <12 <65 FR-03 FR-03_1-2 1–2 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 Bulk average 1–2 <11 <12 <35 FR-03 FR-03_2-3 2–3 <12 <35 FR-03 FR-03_2-3 2–3 <11 <12 FR-03 FR-03_2-3 2–3 <12 <65 FR-03 FR-03_2-3 2–3 <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 Bulk average 2–3 <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_3-4 3–4 <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_3-4 3–4 <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_3-4 3–4 <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_3-4 3–4 <35 <65 FR-03 Bulk average 3–4 <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_4-5 4–5 <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_4-5 4–5 <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_4-5 4–5 <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_4-5 4–5 <11 <35 <13 <85 <65 FR-03 Bulk average 4–5 <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_5-6 5–6 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_5-6 5–6 <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_5-6 5–6 <11 <12 <35 <13 <65
56 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 8. Select trace element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in various size fractions of sieved samples from flood-plain boreholes along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; less than; --, no data] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Grain size group1 Sample depth (ft) Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Fourche Renault—Continued FR-03 FR-03_5-6 5–6 <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 Bulk average 5–6 <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_6-7 6–7 <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_6-7 6–7 <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_6-7 6–7 <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_6-7 6–7 <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 Bulk average 6–7 <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_7-8 7–8 <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_7-8 7–8 <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_7-8 7–8 <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_7-8 7–8 <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 Bulk average 7–8 <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_12-13 12–13 <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_12-13 12–13 <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_12-13 12–13 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_12-13 12–13 <11 <65 FR-03 FR-03_12-13_avg Bulk average 12–13 <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_13-14 13–14 <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_13-14 13–14 <11 <12 <65 FR-03 FR-03_13-14 13–14 <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_13-14 13–14 <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_13-14_avg Bulk average 13–14 <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_14-15 14–15 <11 <35 FR-03 FR-03_14-15 14–15 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_14-15 14–15 <11 <12 <65 FR-03 FR-03_14-15 14–15 <11 <65 FR-03 FR-03_14-15_avg Bulk average 14–15 <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_15-16 15–16 <11 <35 1,001 <65
Tables 6–9 57 Table 8. Select trace element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in various size fractions of sieved samples from flood-plain boreholes along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; less than; --, no data] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Grain size group1 Sample depth (ft) Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Fourche Renault—Continued FR-03 FR-03_15-16 15–16 <11 <35 FR-03 FR-03_15-16 15–16 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_15-16 15–16 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_15-16_avg Bulk average 15–16 <11 <65 Mineral Fork MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_0-1 0–1 <11 <12 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_0-1 0–1 <11 <12 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_0-1 0–1 <11 <12 1,067 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_0-1 0–1 <11 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_0-1_avg Bulk average 0–1 <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_1-2 1–2 <11 <12 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_1-2 1–2 <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_1-2 1–2 <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_1-2_avg Bulk average 1–2 <11 <12 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_2-3 2–3 <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_2-3 2–3 <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_2-3 2–3 <12 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_2-3_avg Bulk average 2–3 <11 <12 1,604 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_3-4 3–4 <11 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_3-4 3–4 <12 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_3-4 3–4 <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_3-4 3–4 <11 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_3-4_avg Bulk average 3–4 <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_4-5 4–5 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_4-5 4–5 <12 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_4-5 4–5 <11 <12 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_4-5_avg Bulk average 4–5 <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_5-6 5–6 <12 <65
58 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 8. Select trace element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in various size fractions of sieved samples from flood-plain boreholes along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; less than; --, no data] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Grain size group1 Sample depth (ft) Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mineral Fork —Continued MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_5-6 5–6 <11 <12 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_5-6 5–6 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_5-6 5–6 <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_5-6_avg Bulk average 5–6 <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_6-7 6–7 <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_6-7 6–7 <12 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_6-7 6–7 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_6-7 6–7 <11 <12 <35 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_6-7_avg Bulk average 6–7 <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_7-8 7–8 <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_7-8 7–8 <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_7-8 7–8 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_7-8 7–8 <11 <12 1,522 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_7-8_avg Bulk average 7–8 <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_8-9 8–9 <11 <35 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_8-9 8–9 <12 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_8-9 8–9 <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_8-9 8–9 <35 <13 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_8-9_avg Bulk average 8–9 <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_9-10 9–10 <11 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_9-10 9–10 <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_9-10 9–10 <12 <13 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_9-10 9–10 <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_9-10_avg Bulk average 9–10 <12 <35 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_10-11 10–11 <11 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_10-11 10–11 <11 <12 1,498 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_10-11 10–11 <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_10-11 10–11 <11 2,096 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_10-11_avg Bulk average 10–11 <11 <35 <65
Tables 6–9 59 Table 8. Select trace element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in various size fractions of sieved samples from flood-plain boreholes along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; less than; --, no data] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Grain size group1 Sample depth (ft) Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mill Creek MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_0-1 0–1 1,121 <12 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_0-1 0–1 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_0-1 0–1 <11 <12 <35 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_0-1 0–1 <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_0-1_avg Bulk average 0–1 <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_1-2 1–2 <11 <12 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_1-2 1–2 <11 <12 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_1-2 1–2 <12 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_1-2 1–2 <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_1-2_avg Bulk average 1–2 <11 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_2-3 2–3 <11 <12 <35 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_2-3 2–3 <11 2,211 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_2-3 2–3 <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_2-3 2–3 <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_2-3_avg Bulk average 2–3 1,200 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_4-5 4–5 <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_4-5 4–5 <11 1,722 <12 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_4-5 4–5 <11 1,124 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_4-5 4–5 <11 1,309 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_4-5_avg Bulk average 4–5 <11 1,617 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_5-6 5–6 1,303 <12 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_5-6 5–6 2,670 <12 <35 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_5-6 5–6 1,533 <12 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_5-6 5–6 <11 1,850 <12 <35 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_5-6_avg Bulk average 5–6 <11 1,973 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_6-7 6–7 1,272 <12 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_6-7 6–7 <11 2,687 <12 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_6-7 6–7 <11 1,324 <12 <35 <65
60 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 8. Select trace element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in various size fractions of sieved samples from flood-plain boreholes along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; less than; --, no data] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Grain size group1 Sample depth (ft) Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mill Creek—Continued MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_6-7 6–7 <11 1,535 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_6-7_avg Bulk average 6–7 1,973 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_7-8 7–8 1,218 <12 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_7-8 7–8 <11 2,911 <12 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_7-8 7–8 <11 1,094 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_7-8 7–8 <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_7-8_avg Bulk average 7–8 <11 1,423 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_8-9 8–9 <11 1,137 <35 2,978 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_8-9 8–9 1,588 <35 2,700 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_8-9 8–9 1,051 <12 <35 2,078 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_8-9 8–9 <11 1,070 <35 1,418 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_8-9_avg Bulk average 8–9 <11 <35 <13 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_9-10 9–10 1,256 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_9-10 9–10 1,168 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_9-10 9–10 <12 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_9-10 9–10 <11 <35 <85 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_9-10_avg Bulk average 9–10 <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_10-11.4 10–11.4 <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_10-11.4 10–11.4 <11 <12 <35 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_10-11.4 10–11.4 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_10-11.4 10–11.4 <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_10-11_avg Bulk average 10–11 <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_11-11.4_avg Bulk average 11–11.4 <11 <35 <65 Mill Creek MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_0-1 0–1 <11 8,185 <12 1,006 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_0-1 0–1 <11 7,784 <12 <65
Tables 6–9 61 Table 8. Select trace element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in various size fractions of sieved samples from flood-plain boreholes along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; less than; --, no data] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Grain size group1 Sample depth (ft) Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mill Creek—Continued MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_0-1 0–1 <11 7,792 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_0-1 0–1 <11 8,752 <12 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_0-1_avg Bulk average 0–1 5,612 <35 1,506 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_1-2 1–2 <11 9,006 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_1-2 1–2 <11 12,908 <12 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_1-2 1–2 <11 9,761 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_1-2 1–2 <11 7,520 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_1-2_avg Bulk average 1–2 11,888 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_2-3 2–3 <11 7,071 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_2-3 2–3 <11 6,273 <12 <35 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_2-3 2–3 <11 5,161 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_2-3 2–3 <11 5,607 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_2-3_avg Bulk average 2–3 <11 5,898 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_3-4 3–4 <11 6,214 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_3-4 3–4 <11 4,400 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_3-4 3–4 <11 4,235 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_3-4 3–4 <11 5,424 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_3-4_avg Bulk average 3–4 <11 5,163 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_4-5.2 4–5.2 <11 1,355 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_4-5.2 4–5.2 1,523 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_4-5.2 4–5.2 <11 1,149 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_4-5.2 4–5.2 <11 1,423 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_4-5_avg Bulk average 4–5 <11 1,959 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_5-5.2_avg Bulk average 5–5.2 <11 1,501 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_6.6-7 6.6–7 <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_6.6-7 6.6–7 <11 1,147 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_6.6-7 6.6–7 <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_6.6-7 6.6–7 <11 <35 <65
62 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 8. Select trace element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in various size fractions of sieved samples from flood-plain boreholes along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; less than; --, no data] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Grain size group1 Sample depth (ft) Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mill Creek—Continued MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_6.6-7_avg Bulk average 6.6–7 <11 1,052 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_7-8 7–8 <11 <35 1,112 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_7-8 7–8 <11 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_7-8 7–8 <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_7-8 7–8 <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_7-8_avg Bulk average 7–8 <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_8-9 8–9 <11 2,558 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_8-9 8–9 <11 2,258 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_8-9 8–9 <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_8-9 8–9 <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_8-9_avg Bulk average 8–9 <11 1,774 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_9-10 9–10 <11 2,717 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_9-10 9–10 <11 2,132 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_9-10 9–10 <11 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_9-10 9–10 <11 <35 <13 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_9-10_avg Bulk average 9–10 <11 4,249 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_10-12 10–12 <11 4,596 <12 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_10-12 10–12 <11 4,141 <12 <35 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_10-12 10–12 <11 1,747 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_10-12 10–12 <11 <35 <13 <85 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_10-11_avg Bulk average 10–11 <11 3,033 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_11-12_avg Bulk average 11–12 2,423 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_12-13 12–13 <11 9,698 <12 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_12-13 12–13 <11 9,292 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_12-13 12–13 <11 4,797 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_12-13 12–13 <13 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_12-13_avg Bulk average 12–13 <11 3,466 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_13-14 13–14 <11 4,019 <12 <35 <65
Tables 6–9 63 Table 8. Select trace element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in various size fractions of sieved samples from flood-plain boreholes along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; less than; --, no data] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Grain size group1 Sample depth (ft) Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mill Creek—Continued MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_13-14 13–14 <11 5,963 <12 <35 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_13-14 13–14 <11 3,432 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_13-14 13–14 <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_13-14_avg Bulk average 13–14 <11 3,718 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_14-15 14–15 <11 3,250 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_14-15 14–15 5,121 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_14-15 14–15 <11 2,813 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_14-15 14–15 <11 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_14-15_avg Bulk average 14–15 <11 2,588 <35 <65 Mill Creek MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_0-1 0–1 <11 5,533 <12 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_0-1 0–1 <11 5,033 <12 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_0-1 0–1 <11 5,155 <12 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_0-1 0–1 <11 3,481 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_0-1_avg Bulk average 0–1 <11 5,539 <35 1,262 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_1-2 1–2 3,779 <12 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_1-2 1–2 <11 3,624 <12 <35 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_1-2 1–2 <11 3,410 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_1-2 1–2 <11 2,351 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_1-2_avg Bulk average 1–2 <11 3,664 <35 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_2-3 2–3 <11 1,081 <12 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_2-3 2–3 <11 1,218 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_2-3 2–3 <11 1,183 <12 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_2-3 2–3 <11 1,170 <12 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_2-3_avg Bulk average 2–3 <11 1,416 <35 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_3-4 3–4 <11 <12 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_3-4 3–4 <11 <12 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_3-4 3–4 <11 <12 <65
64 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 8. Select trace element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in various size fractions of sieved samples from flood-plain boreholes along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; less than; --, no data] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Grain size group1 Sample depth (ft) Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mill Creek—Continued MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_3-4 3–4 <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_3-4_avg Bulk average 3–4 <11 <35 <65 Reporting level Probable effects concentration (PEC) from MacDonald and others (2000) EPA residential cleanup level Summary Number of samples analyzed Number of detections Maximum detection 12,908 2,978 Number of detections above PEC Number of detections above EPA residential cleanup level Frequency of PEC exceedance 1Grain-size groups defined in order of increasing grain size: 1, less than 0.063 millimeter; 2, 0.063–0.250 millimeter; 3, 0.250–2 millimeters; 4, greater than 2 millimeters; bulk average, average of all scans of bulk from selected interval.
Tables 6–9 65 Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014. [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Big River flood plain BR-FP BR-FP_0-1” Manual <11 <12 1,102 BR-FP BR-FP_1-2” Manual <11 <12 1,126 <65 BR-FP BR-FP_2-3” Manual <11 <12 <65 BR-FP BR-FP_3-4” Manual <11 <12 <65 BR-FP BR-FP_4-5” Manual <11 <12 1,091 <65 BR-FP BR-FP_5-6” Manual <11 <12 1,140 <65 BR-FP BR-FP_6-9” Manual <11 <12 1,090 BR-FP BR-FP_9-12” Manual <11 <12 1,142 Mineral Fork flood plain MFC-A-01 MFC-A-01 _0-1” Manual <11 1,290 <12 <35 <65 MFC-A-01 MFC-A-01 _1-2” Manual <11 1,190 <12 <65 MFC-A-01 MFC-A-01 _2-3” Manual <11 1,520 <35 1,030 <65 MFC-A-01 MFC-A-01 _3-4” Manual <11 1,240 <12 1,040 <65 MFC-A-01 MFC-A-01 _4-5” Manual <11 1,180 <12 1,160 MFC-A-01 MFC-A-01 _5-6” Manual <11 1,470 <12 1,320 1,160 <65 MFC-A-01 MFC-A-01 _6-9” Manual <11 1,150 <12 1,160 1,030 <65 MFC-A-01 MFC-A-01 _9-12” Manual <11 1,060 <12 1,420 1,120 <65 MFC-A-01 MFC-A-01 _12-18” Manual <11 2,580 1,170 <65 MFC-A-01 MFC-A-01 _18-24” Manual <11 <12 4,080 1,340 <65 MFC-A-01 MFC-A-01 _24-36” Manual <11 7,340 1,540 MFC-A-03 MFC-A-03_0-1” Manual <11 1,170 <12 <65 MFC-A-03 MFC-A-03_1-2” Manual <11 1,140 <12 1,040 1,050 <65 MFC-A-03 MFC-A-03_2-3” Manual <11 1,290 <12 1,080 1,040 <65 MFC-A-03 MFC-A-03_3-4” Manual <11 1,400 <12 1,140 1,100 MFC-A-03 MFC-A-03_4-5” Manual <11 1,430 <12 1,330 1,170 <65 MFC-A-03 MFC-A-03_5-6” Manual <11 1,430 <12 1,410 1,210 <65 MFC-A-03 MFC-A-03_6-9” Manual <11 1,510 <12 <35 1,420 1,100 <65 MFC-A-03 MFC-A-03_9-12” Manual 1,400 <12 1,530 1,190 <65 MFC-B-00 MFC-B-00_0-1” Manual <11 1,730 <12 <35 <65
66 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mineral Fork flood plain—Continued MFC-B-00 MFC-B-00_1-2” Manual <11 1,590 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-00 MFC-B-00_2-3” Manual <11 1,460 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-00 MFC-B-00_3-4” Manual <11 1,370 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-00 MFC-B-00_4-5” Manual <11 1,470 <12 <35 MFC-B-00 MFC-B-00_5-6” Manual <11 1,320 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-00 MFC-B-00_6-9” Manual <11 1,260 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-00 MFC-B-00_9-12” Manual <11 2,110 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_0-1” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_1-2” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_2-3” Manual <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_3-4” Manual <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_4-5” Manual <11 <12 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_5-6” Manual <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_6-9” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_9-12” Manual <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_0.2 Core <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_0.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_0.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_1.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_1.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_1.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_2.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_2.4 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_2.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_3.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_3.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_3.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_4.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_4.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65
Tables 6–9 67 Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mineral Fork flood plain—Continued MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_4.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_5.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_5.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_5.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_6.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_6.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_6.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_7.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_7.5 Core <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_7.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_8.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_8.5 Core <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_8.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_9.2 Core <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_9.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_9.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_10.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_10.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_10.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_11.2 Core <11 <12 <35 1,020 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_11.5 Core <11 <35 1,860 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_11.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_12.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_12.5 Core <11 <12 <35 2,500 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_12.8 Core <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_13.2 Core <11 1,160 <35 10,230 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_13.5 Core <11 <12 <35 1,180 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_13.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_14.2 Core <11 <35 1,410 <65
68 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mineral Fork flood plain—Continued MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_14.5 Core <11 <12 <35 1,040 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_14.8 Core <11 <12 <35 1,370 <65 MFC-B-01 MFC-B-01_15.2 Core <11 <12 <35 1,270 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_0.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_0.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_0.75 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_1.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_1.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_1.7 Core <11 <12 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_2.2 Core <11 <12 <35 4,010 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_2.5 Core <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_2.7 Core <11 <12 <35 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_3.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_3.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_3.7 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_4.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_4.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_4.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_5.2 Core <11 <12 <35 1,390 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_5.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_5.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_6.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_6.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_6.8 Core <11 <12 <35 1,460 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_7.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_7.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_7.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_8.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_8.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65
Tables 6–9 69 Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mineral Fork flood plain—Continued MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_8.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_9.1 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_9.3 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_9.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_9.7 Core <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_9.9 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_10.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_10.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-02 MFC-B-02_10.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_0-1” Manual <12 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_1-2” Manual <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_2-3” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_3-4” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_4-5” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_5-6” Manual <11 <12 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_6-9” Manual <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_9-12” Manual <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_0.2 Core <11 <12 1,180 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_0.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_0.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_1.2 Core <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_1.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_1.8 Core <11 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_2.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_2.5 Core <11 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_2.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_3.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_3.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_3.8 Core <11 <12 <13 <65
70 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mineral Fork flood plain—Continued MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_4.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_4.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_4.8 Core <11 <12 <35 1,270 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_5.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_5.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_5.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_6.2 Core <11 <12 <35 1,100 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_6.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_6.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_7.2 Core <11 <12 <13 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_7.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_7.8 Core <11 <12 <35 2,400 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_8.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_8.4 Core <11 <12 <13 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_8.6 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_8.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_8.9 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_9 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 1,840 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_9.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-03 MFC-B-03_9.4 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_0.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_0.5 Core <11 <35 1,920 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_0.8 Core <11 <12 <35 1,390 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_1.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_1.5 Core <11 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_1.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_2.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_2.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_2.8 Core <11 <12 <65
Tables 6–9 71 Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mineral Fork flood plain—Continued MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_3.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_3.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_3.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_4.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_4.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_4.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_5.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_5.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_5.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_6.2 Core <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_6.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_6.8 Core <11 <12 <35 1,220 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_7.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_7.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_7.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_8.2 Core <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_8.5 Core <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_8.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_9.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_9.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_9.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_10.2 Core <11 <12 <35 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_10.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_10.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_11.2 Core <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_11.5 Core <11 <12 <35 5,680 MFC-B-04 MFC-B-04_11.7 Core <11 <12 <13 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_0-1” Manual <11 <12 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_1-2” Manual <11 <12
72 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mineral Fork flood plain—Continued MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_2-3” Manual <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_3-4” Manual <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_4-5” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_5-6” Manual <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_6-9” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_9-12” Manual <11 <12 <35 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_0.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_0.5 Core <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_0.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_1.2 Core <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_1.5 Core <11 <12 1,110 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_1.8 Core <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_2.2 Core <11 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_2.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_2.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_3.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_3.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_3.8 Core <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_4.2 Core <11 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_4.5 Core <11 <35 1,300 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_4.8 Core <12 <35 <13 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_5.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_5.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_5.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_6.2 Core <11 <12 <35 1,160 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_6.5 Core <11 1,100 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_6.8 Core <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_7.2 Core <12 <35 3,460 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_7.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65
Tables 6–9 73 Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mineral Fork flood plain—Continued MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_7.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_8.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_8.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_8.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_9.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_9.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_9.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_10.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_10.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_10.8 Core <11 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_11.2 Core <11 <35 5,680 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_11.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_11.8 Core <11 <12 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_12.2 Core <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_12.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_12.8 Core <11 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_13.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_13.5 Core <11 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_13.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_14.1 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_14.3 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MFC-B-05 MFC-B-05_14.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 Fourche Renault Creek flood plain (tributary of Mineral Fork) FR-01 FR-01_0-1” Manual <11 <12 <65 FR-01 FR-01_1-2” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-01 FR-01_2-3” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-01 FR-01_3-4” Manual <11 <12 <65 FR-01 FR-01_4-5” Manual <11 <12 <65 FR-01 FR-01_5-6” Manual <11 <12 <65
74 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Fourche Renault Creek flood plain (tributary of Mineral Fork)—Continued FR-01 FR-01_6-9” Manual <11 <12 FR-01 FR-01_9-12” Manual <11 <12 FR-01 FR-01_0.5 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-01 FR-01_0.8 Core <12 <35 <65 FR-01 FR-01_1.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-01 FR-01_1.5 Core <11 <12 <35 1,130 <65 FR-01 FR-01_1.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-01 FR-01_2.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-01 FR-01_2.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-01 FR-01_2.8 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-01 FR-01_3.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-01 FR-01_3.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-01 FR-01_3.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-01 FR-01_4.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-01 FR-01_4.6 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-01 FR-01_5 Core <11 <35 <13 <25 FR-02 FR-02_0.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-02 FR-02_0.5 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-02 FR-02_0.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-02 FR-02_1.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-02 FR-02_1.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-02 FR-02_1.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-02 FR-02_2.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-02 FR-02_2.5 Core <11 <12 <35 FR-02 FR-02_2.8 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-02 FR-02_3.2 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-02 FR-02_3.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_3.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_4.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25
Tables 6–9 75 Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Fourche Renault Creek flood plain (tributary of Mineral Fork)—Continued FR-02 FR-02_4.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-02 FR-02_4.8 Core <12 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_5.2 Core <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_5.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-02 FR-02_5.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-02 FR-02_6.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_6.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_6.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-02 FR-02_7.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <25 FR-02 FR-02_7.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-02 FR-02_7.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_8.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-02 FR-02_8.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_8.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_9.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_9.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-02 FR-02_9.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_10.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-02 FR-02_10.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-02 FR-02_10.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_11.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-02 FR-02_11.5 Core <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-02 FR-02_11.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_12.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-02 FR-02_12.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-02 FR-02_12.8 Core <11 <35 <65 <25 FR-02 FR-02_13.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-02 FR-02_13.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_13.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25
76 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Fourche Renault Creek flood plain (tributary of Mineral Fork)—Continued FR-02 FR-02_14.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_14.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_14.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_15.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_15.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_15.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_16.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-02 FR-02_16.5 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-02 FR-02_16.8 Core <11 <12 <35 FR-02 FR-02_17.2 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-02 FR-02_17.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-02 FR-02_17.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_18.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-02 FR-02_18.4 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-02 FR-02_18.6 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-03 FR-03_0-1” Manual <11 <12 <65 FR-03 FR-03_1-2” Manual <12 <65 FR-03 FR-03_2-3” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_3-4” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_4-5” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_5-6” Manual <11 <12 <65 FR-03 FR-03_6-9” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_9-12” Manual <11 <12 FR-03 FR-03_0.2 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_0.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_0.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_1.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_1.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_1.8 Core <11 <12 <35
Tables 6–9 77 Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Fourche Renault Creek flood plain (tributary of Mineral Fork)—Continued FR-03 FR-03_2.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_2.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_2.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_3.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-03 FR-03_3.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-03 FR-03_3.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_4.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_4.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-03 FR-03_4.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-03 FR-03_5.2 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_5.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_5.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_6.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-03 FR-03_6.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_6.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-03 FR-03_7.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_7.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-03 FR-03_7.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_12.2 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_12.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-03 FR-03_12.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-03 FR-03_13.2 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_13.5 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_13.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_14.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_14.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_14.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-03 FR-03_15.2 Core <11 <13 <65 FR-03 FR-03_15.5 Core <11 <35 <65
78 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Fourche Renault Creek flood plain (tributary of Mineral Fork)—Continued FR-03 FR-03_15.8 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-04 FR-04_0.2 Core <11 <12 <35 1,090 <65 FR-04 FR-04_0.5 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-04 FR-04_0.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-04 FR-04_1.2 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-04 FR-04_1.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-04 FR-04_1.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-04 FR-04_2.2 Core <11 <12 <65 FR-04 FR-04_2.5 Core <35 <65 FR-04 FR-04_2.8 Core <12 1,100 <65 FR-04 FR-04_3.2 Core <11 <12 <65 FR-04 FR-04_3.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-04 FR-04_3.8 Core <11 <35 FR-04 FR-04_4.2 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-04 FR-04_4.5 Core <12 <65 FR-04 FR-04_4.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-04 FR-04_5.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-04 FR-04_5.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-04 FR-04_5.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-05 FR-05_0-1” Manual <11 <12 <65 FR-05 FR-05_1-2” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-05 FR-05_2-3” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-05 FR-05_3-4” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-05 FR-05_4-5” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-05 FR-05_5-6” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-05 FR-05_6-9” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-05 FR-05_9-12” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-05 FR-05_0.2 Core <12 <35 <65 FR-05 FR-05_0.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65
Tables 6–9 79 Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Fourche Renault Creek flood plain (tributary of Mineral Fork)—Continued FR-05 FR-05_0.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-05 FR-05_1.2 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-05 FR-05_1.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-05 FR-05_1.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-05 FR-05_2.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-05 FR-05_2.5 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-05 FR-05_2.8 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-05 FR-05_3.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-05 FR-05_3.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 FR-05 FR-05_3.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-05 FR-05_4.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-05 FR-05_4.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-05 FR-05_4.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 FR-05 FR-05_5.2 Core <11 <35 <65 FR-05 FR-05_5.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-05 FR-05_5.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 <25 FR-05 FR-05_6.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 FR-05 FR-05_6.4 Core <11 <12 <35 Mill Creek flood plain MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_0-1” Manual <11 <12 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_1-2” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_2-3” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_3-4” Manual 1,130 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_4-5” Manual <11 1,110 <12 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_5-6” Manual <11 1,120 <12 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_6-9” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_9-12” Manual <11 <12 <35 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_0.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_0.5 Core <11 1,330 1,100 <65
80 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mill Creek flood plain—Continued MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_0.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_1.2 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_1.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_1.8 Core <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_2.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_2.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_2.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_3.2 Core <11 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_3.5 Core <11 1,160 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_3.8 Core <11 1,070 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_4.2 Core <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_4.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_4.8 Core <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_5.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_5.5 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_5.8 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_6.2 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_6.5 Core <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_6.8 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_7.2 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_7.5 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-01 ML-B-01_7.8 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-02 ML-B-02_0.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-02 ML-B-02_0.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-02 ML-B-02_0.8 Core <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-02 ML-B-02_1.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-02 ML-B-02_1.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-02 ML-B-02_1.8 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-02 ML-B-02_2.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65
Tables 6–9 81 Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mill Creek flood plain—Continued MLC-B-02 ML-B-02_2.5 Core <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-02 ML-B-02_2.8 Core <11 <65 MLC-B-02 ML-B-02_3.2 Core <11 <35 MLC-B-02 ML-B-02_3.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-02 ML-B-02_3.8 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-02 ML-B-02_4.2 Core <11 <12 <65 MLC-B-02 ML-B-02_4.5 Core <11 <12 <35 MLC-B-02 ML-B-02_4.8 Core <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-02 ML-B-02_5.2 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-02 ML-B-02_5.5 Core <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-02 ML-B-02_5.7 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-03 ML-B-03_0-1” Manual <11 <12 <65 MLC-B-03 ML-B-03_1-2” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-03 ML-B-03_2-3” Manual <11 <12 <65 MLC-B-03 ML-B-03_3-4” Manual <11 <12 <65 MLC-B-03 ML-B-03_4-5” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-03 ML-B-03_5-6” Manual <11 <12 <65 MLC-B-03 ML-B-03_6-9” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-03 ML-B-03_9-12” Manual <11 <12 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_0.2 Core <11 <12 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_0.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_0.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_1.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_1.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_1.8 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_2.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_2.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_2.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_3.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65
82 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mill Creek flood plain—Continued MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_3.5 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_3.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_4.2 Core <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_4.5 Core <11 <35 1,050 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_4.8 Core <11 <12 <35 1,270 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_5.2 Core <35 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_5.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_5.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_6.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_6.5 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_6.8 Core <11 <35 1,230 <65 MLC-B-04 ML-B-04_7.4 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_0-1” Manual <11 2,040 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_1-2” Manual 1,810 <12 <35 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_2-3” Manual <11 1,370 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_3-4” Manual 1,150 <12 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_4-5” Manual <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_5-6” Manual <11 <12 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_6-9” Manual <11 <12 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_9-12” Manual <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_0.2 Core <11 1,630 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_0.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_0.8 Core <11 <12 <35 1,440 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_1.2 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_1.5 Core <11 <12 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_1.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_2.2 Core 1,100 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_2.5 Core <11 1,200 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_2.8 Core <11 1,310 <12 <35 <65
Tables 6–9 83 Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mill Creek flood plain—Continued MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_3.2 Core <11 1,340 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_3.5 Core <11 1,650 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_3.8 Core <11 1,410 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_4.2 Core <11 1,630 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_4.5 Core <11 1,570 <12 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_4.8 Core <11 1,650 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_5.2 Core <11 1,860 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_5.5 Core <11 2,170 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_5.8 Core <11 1,900 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_6.2 Core <11 1,420 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_6.5 Core 2,380 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_6.8 Core <11 2,130 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_7.2 Core <11 1,430 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_7.5 Core <11 1,970 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_7.8 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_8.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_8.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_8.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_9.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 <25 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_9.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_9.8 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_10.2 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_10.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_10.8 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-B-05 ML-B-05_11.2 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_0-1” Manual <11 2,150 <12 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_1-2” Manual <11 2,260 <12 <65 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_2-3” Manual <11 2,150 <12 <65 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_3-4” Manual <11 1,900 <12 <35 <65
84 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mill Creek flood plain—Continued MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_4-5” Manual <11 1,740 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_5-6” Manual <11 1,640 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_6-9” Manual 1,460 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_9-12” Manual <11 1,060 <35 <65 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_0.2 Core <11 6,330 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_0.5 Core <11 5,540 <35 <13 <65 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_0.8 Core <11 4,400 <35 <13 <65 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_1.2 Core <11 1,970 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_1.5 Core <11 2,030 <35 <65 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_1.8 Core <11 3,250 <12 <35 2,110 <65 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_2.2 Core <11 1,950 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_2.5 Core <11 1,620 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_2.8 Core <11 <12 <65 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_3.2 Core <11 1,060 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_3.5 Core <11 1,030 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-01 MLC-A-01_3.8 Core <11 1,240 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_0-1” Manual <11 5,930 <12 1,050 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_1-2” Manual <11 6,230 <12 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_2-3” Manual <11 5,790 <12 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_3-4” Manual <11 5,710 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_4-5” Manual <11 5,700 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_5-6” Manual <11 7,700 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_6-9” Manual <11 6,870 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_9-12” Manual <11 8,060 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_0.2 Core 5,590 <12 <35 2,530 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_0.5 Core <11 7,320 <12 <35 1,470 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_0.8 Core 3,930 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_1.2 Core <11 12,200 <12 1,090 <65 1,040 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_1.5 Core 13,100 <12 <65
Tables 6–9 85 Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mill Creek flood plain—Continued MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_1.8 Core <11 10,400 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_2.2 Core <11 6,490 <35 1,110 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_2.5 Core <11 6,740 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_2.8 Core <11 4,460 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_3.2 Core <11 5,590 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_3.5 Core <11 6,100 <12 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_3.8 Core <11 3,800 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_4.2 Core <11 2,250 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_4.5 Core <11 1,850 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_4.8 Core <11 1,770 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_5.2 Core <11 1,500 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_6.6 Core <11 1,130 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_6.9 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_7.2 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_7.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_7.8 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_8.2 Core <11 1,060 <12 <35 <65 1,435 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_8.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_8.8 Core <11 3,390 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_9.2 Core <11 5,180 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_9.5 Core <11 3,550 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_9.8 Core <11 4,010 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_10.2 Core <11 4,090 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_10.5 Core <11 2,260 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_10.8 Core <11 2,750 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_11.2 Core 2,910 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_11.5 Core <11 3,160 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_11.8 Core <11 1,200 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_12.2 Core <11 2,410 <35 <13 <65
86 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mill Creek flood plain—Continued MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_12.5 Core <11 3,380 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_12.8 Core <11 4,610 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_13.2 Core <11 3,980 <35 <13 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_13.5 Core <11 3,120 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_13.8 Core <11 4,050 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_14.2 Core <11 4,920 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_14.5 Core <11 1,810 <35 <65 MLC-A-02 MLC-A-02_14.8 Core <11 1,040 <35 <13 <65 <25 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_0.2 Core 6,270 <12 <35 1,780 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_0.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_0.8 Core <11 1,410 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_1.2 Core <11 1,800 <35 <13 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_1.5 Core <11 2,170 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_1.8 Core <11 7,390 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_2.2 Core <11 7,160 <12 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_2.5 Core <11 2,740 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_2.8 Core <11 1,420 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_3.2 Core <11 1,600 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_3.5 Core <11 1,560 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_3.8 Core <11 1,680 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_4.2 Core <11 1,170 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_4.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_4.8 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_5.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_5.5 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_5.8 Core <11 3,620 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_6.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_6.5 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_6.8 Core <11 <35 <65
Tables 6–9 87 Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mill Creek flood plain—Continued MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_7.2 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_7.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <13 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_7.8 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_8.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 <25 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_8.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_8.8 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_9.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_9.5 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_9.8 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_10.2 Core <11 1,120 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_10.5 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_10.8 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_11.2 Core <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_11.5 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_11.8 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_12.2 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_12.5 Core <11 <12 <35 1,450 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_12.8 Core <11 1,110 <35 <13 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_13.2 Core <11 1,090 <12 1,700 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_13.5 Core <11 1,050 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_13.8 Core <11 1,200 <12 <35 1,740 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_14.2 Core <11 1,360 <12 <35 1,500 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_14.5 Core <11 1,260 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_14.8 Core <11 1,340 <12 <35 1,030 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_15.1 Core <11 1,080 <35 <65 MLC-A-03 MLC-A-03_15.4 Core <11 <35 <13 <65 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_0-1” Manual <11 4,380 <12 <65 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_1-2” Manual <11 5,680 <12 <65 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_2-3” Manual <11 5,920 <12 <65
88 Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Mill Creek flood plain—Continued MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_3-4” Manual 4,320 <12 <35 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_4-5” Manual <11 5,830 <12 <65 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_5-6” Manual <11 6,320 <12 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_6-9” Manual <11 5,620 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_9-12” Manual <11 6,160 <12 <65 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_0.2 Core 5,360 <12 <35 2,670 <65 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_0.5 Core <11 6,560 <12 <35 1,110 <65 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_0.8 Core <11 7,200 <12 <35 1,210 <65 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_1.2 Core <11 6,400 <12 <65 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_1.5 Core <11 2,420 <12 1,300 <65 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_1.8 Core <11 1,410 <35 <65 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_2.2 Core <11 1,360 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_2.5 Core <11 1,410 <35 <65 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_2.8 Core <11 1,300 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_3.2 Core <11 1,240 <35 <65 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_3.5 Core <11 1,500 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-04 MLC-A-04_3.8 Core <11 1,060 <35 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_0.2 Core <11 5,330 <12 <35 1,100 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_0.5 Core <11 5,480 <12 <35 1,750 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_0.8 Core <11 5,810 <35 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_1.2 Core <11 2,830 <35 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_1.5 Core <11 4,180 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_1.8 Core <11 3,990 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_2.2 Core <11 2,370 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_2.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_2.8 Core <11 <35 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_3.2 Core <11 1,070 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_3.5 Core <11 <12 <35 <65 MLC-A-05 MLC-A-05_3.8 Core <11 1,150 <35 1,020 <65
Tables 6–9 89 Table 9. Select trace-element concentrations determined using x-ray fluorescence in bulk (unsieved) samples from flood-plain cores along tributaries draining the Washington County Barite District, Missouri, 2014.—Continued [Gray shaded cells indicate values that exceeded the probable effects concentration (MacDonald and others, 2000). Bold font indicates values that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) residential yard cleanup level. ft, foot; mg/kg, milligram per kilogram; ”, denotes a depth in inches of the sample; less than; --, no data; na, not applicable] Borehole identifier Sample identifier Sample depth (ft) Collection method Arsenic, in mg/kg Barium, in mg/kg Cadmium, in mg/kg Cobalt, in mg/kg Copper, in mg/kg Lead, in mg/kg Manganese, in mg/kg Nickel, in mg/kg Zinc, in mg/kg Reporting level Probable effects concentration (PEC) from McDonald and others (2009) EPA residential yard cleanup level Summary Number of samples analyzed Number of detections Maximum detection 13,100 7,340 10,200 1,435 Number of detections above PEC na na na Number of detections above EPA residential yard cleanup level Frequency of PEC exceedance
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Smith and Schumacher—Distribution of Mining-Related Trace Elements in Streambed and Flood-Plain Sediment along the Middle Big River—SIR 2018–5103 ISSN 2328-0328 (online) ://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185103