Annual Report of the Secretary of Internal Affairs of the Commonwealth of ...

Pennsylvania Dept. of Internal Affairs · 1884 · Historical

Annual Report of the Secretary of Internal Affairs of the Commonwealth of ... by Pennsylvania Dept. of Internal Affairs (1884). Full text and reference in…

Public-domain full text preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library. Original source: archive.org.

at |: .com/I

f

fiarfiacti College Hivux

AbJ2.--a.fe3Jx.

..Sik/ry/x\AfJfX/\iXi,x:iAif:k 2.\.54r..,...l.S.H...

P P W m i lY HMWMD COIUU UBRMf

.

t.

Vol. Xi

Harrisburg Lan£ S.Slart.

TATE FRINTETlBINDER.

S"/6-t r

Legislative Document, No. 7.

Communication.

Department of Internal Affairs, Harrisburg, Jfay 6, 1884, To His Excellency Robert E. Pattison, .

Governor of. Pennsylvdifiia : In compliance with the requirements of the Constitution, I have the honor to present you herewith, for transinis&iou to the General Assembly, a re- port of this Department, Part JLII, Industrial Statistics, Vol. XI, 1882-83.

I am, very respectfully.

Your obedient servant,

J. SIMPSON AFRICA, Secretary of Internal Affairs.

Legislative Document, No. T.

Table Of Contents.

Page. of Transmittal, I-XI

Coal, Anthracite and Bituminous and Gokb, 1-2

Iron Orb, S- 4

Iron and , 5-18

Iron Foundries, 19

Glass, 20

Pbtrolbum, , . . 21- 31

Lumber, 82-87

Tanneries, 88

Textile Industries, 89- 62

Flour and Grist Mills 58-68

Brewers and Distillers, 64, 65

Slate Industrobs, 66- 72

Manufactures, Miscellaneous, 78- 94

Street Passenger Railways, .' 95

Total Number of Employees Returned, 96- 98

Employees' Waoes,: 99-106

Testimony of Employees, 107-182

Labor Troubles in Pennsylvania during 1888, 184

The first Bandage, Instructions for the Injured, 155-157

Mine Inspectors' Report, la-153a

Labor Laws, 164a

Index,

LEGI8LATiy£ DOCUMENT, [No. 7.

Report

Of The

Bureau of Industrial Statistics.

Letter Of Transmittal.

Department of Internal Affairs, BvREAir of Industrial Statistics, May i, 188J. Honorable J. Simpson Africa,

Secretary of Internal Affairs:

Sir : I have the honor to present herewith the eleventh annual report of the Bureau of Industrial Statistics, being the first during your official term as Secretary of Internal Affairs. The duties pertaining to this Bureau, which is created by the organic law of the State, have been defined in an act of the General Assembly entitled 'An act regulating the election of the Secretary of Internal Affairs, defining his duties and fixing his salary," approved the Ilth day of May, 1874, as follows, to wit :

Section 4. Jhe Secretary of Internal Affairs shall exercise all the powers and perform all the duties which, at the time of entering upon his office, shall appertain to the office of Surveyor General. His department shall embrace a Bureau of Industrial Statistics, the business of which shall be to impartially inquire into the relations of capital and labor, in their bear- ings upon the social, educational, and industrial welfare of all classes of working people, and to offer practical suggestions for the improvement of the same.

The said bureau shall farther collect, compile, and publish such statistics in regard to the wages of labor and the social condition of the laboring classes as may enable the people of the State to judge how far legislation can be invoked to correct the existing evils ; and in order to facilitate the duties herein imposed, all corporations, firms, or individuals engaged in mining, manufacturing, or other business, and all persons working for wages within this Commonwealth, are hereby required to furnish such statistical information as the chief of said bureau may demand*. The chief, or duly authorized deputy, shall have power to issue subpoenas, administer oaths, and take testimony in all matters relating to the duties herein re- A — Leg. Doc. No. 7.

ii Internal Affairs — Industrial Statistics. [No. t,

quired of said bureau. Any corporation, firm, or individual, doing busi- ness within this Commonwealth, who shall neglect or refuse, for thirty days, to answer questions by circular, or upon personal application, or whohall refuse to obey the subpoena and give testimony according to the provisions of this act, shall be liable to a penalty of one hundred dollars, to be collected by order of the commissioner of statistics in an action of debt, in which the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania shall be plaintiff. This bureau shall also be required to collect, compile, and publish annually the productive statistics of agriculture, mining, manufacturing, commercial, and other business in- terests of the State; and the act of the twelfth April, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, entitled An act to provide for the establishment of a bureau of statistics on the subject of labor and other purposes,' is hereby repealed from and after the first Tuesday of May, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five."

1. The Duties of the Bureau.

It will be observed that the duties to be performed by this Bureau are comprehensive in their nature. The object to be accomplished is in con- nection with kindred departments in other States, to obtain such reliable information as will enable a just mode of settlement to be devised, of the many problems arising in the relations of capital and labor. To this end practical suggestions are requested as to the social, educational, and indus- trial wel£are of all classes of working people. With a full knowledge of facts as they may be derived from statistics carefully prepared, practical suggestions will not only be made under the terms of the law, but recom- mendations of real value will be presented, based tipon the facts, by many to whom the subject is one of vital interest. The problem to be solved, viz : The true relations of capital and labor to each other, and especially upon the welfare of the working people, has engaged the attention of our ablest thinkers for many years. Important as the problem has been in the past and as it is at present, the unprecedented growth of the country, not only in population but in industrial pursuits requiring the employment of large masses of men, renders its correct solution imperative to the happi- ness, prosperity, and welfare of the Nation in the future. Many of the dif- ficulties which have heretofore presented themselves have arisen from a want of knowledge of the facts as they exist. When specific knowledge is wanting, mere intellect is of no avail, and can at best but devise specious theories. It is now generally appreciated that disaster to capital, suffering to the working classes, and misunderstandings resulting in bloodshed and loss of life, might have been averted had the whole truth been understood and wise counsel prevailed. It is for this reason that the Bureau of Indus- trial Statistics and similar organizations have been created under the laws of this and other States. Practical suggestions of value will only be ac- cepted with confidence when based upon and in accordance with reliable information. I have, therefore, as chief of the Bureau deemed it to be

Leg. Doc.]

Repobt.

be my first duty to exercise great care in the collection of statistical infor- mation of a reliable kind. I have endeavored to maintain the organization of the Bureau as it existed, and to extend and perfect it in its details as far as practicable. The productive statistics of agriculture have been deemed of such great importance as to induce the creation of a Board of Agricul- ture'* independent of this Bureau* which collects agricultural statistics and publishes a report annually. I have, in consequence of the establishment of such board, followed the course adopted by my immediate predecessor, and directed specia) attention to the mining, manufacturing, commercial, and other business of the State. In making a compilation of a directory of the business interests of the State, great labor and care were required for the proper arrangement of the same. Blank forms have been drafted appli- cable to the character of the business investigated so that intelligent answers could be more readily obtained. Inquiries have been extended to additional industries, among which are included brewers,distil]ers, flour and grist-mills, slate, petroleum, and petroleum refineries. Nearly twelve thousand blanks were required and issued to those addressed on the 1st of January last. Returns in the majority of cases were promptly made with answers com- plete and satisfactory. In some cases, however, the answers were delayed, whilst in still others the information contained in the replies was meager. During the month of February about four thousand additional circulars were issued to delinquents to which prompt replies were made either by return of the blanks properly filled or by letter explaining the cause of neg- lect. The returns are now almost complete, as will be seen by the follow- ing:

Table showing the number of blanks issued and returned.

Industries.

AKricaitural implements, . .

Air-brakes.

Axes and sawe,

Baskets, .

Bath-tubs and bath-boilers, .

Belts and hose,

Bobbins and spools, . . . . Bone and pearl goods, . . . Boots and shoes, ... Box mannfaotarers and boat builders, . . . .

Brass and bronze,

Breweries,

Bridee builders,

Bricks, oommon,

Bricks, fire and terra ootta, .

Brick presses,

Britannia ware,

Brooms, . . .

Brushes and brush blocks, .

wC

9

-Q c

ag

as

p

o5

M

iNDUSTRIBa

Burr mill-stones,

Buttons,

Bull wheels,

Car builders,

Carriages and wagons, . . .

Chemicals,

Cigars,

Clothe-pinB and shoe-pegs, .

Coal, anthracite,

Coal, bituminous,

Coffins and caskets,

Combs,

Cooperage,

Corks,

Crucibles,

Cutlery,

Cordage,

Copper, .

Distilleries. ...

Emery A grinding machinery,

Internal Affairs — Industrial Statistics.

[No. T,

TABI.E— Conttnaed.

Industries.

Envelopes,

Employes

Fancy leather goods,

Files,

Firearms,

ivalvanizing,

Gas-metres, gas-tanks, Ac, .

Gold beaters,

Wlass, flint and green, . . .

Glass, window,

Glass sand,

Glue,

Haircloth,

Hair-pins,

Hardware,

Harness and trunks, Hosiery needles, . . .

Hubs, spokes, felloes, and

handles,

Hose reels,

Iron —

Blast ftirnaoes,

Bloomaries and forges, . .

Boilers, ...

Chains, . .

Fences and railings, . .

Foundries, foundry-facings, and machine-shops, . .

Malleable iron, . .

Nails, spikes, and rivets, .

Nuts and bolts,

Ores, (iron,)

Pipes and tubes,

Rolling-mills,

Wire and wire goods, . . . Knobs and handles, Jjasts,

Lead and lead shot,

Lightning-rods,

Locomotives,

Looks and safes, . .

Lumber and saw-mills, . . .

Mantels,

Matches,

Malsters,

Milling, flour and grist, . . . Morocco,

Musical instruments, . . . N it ro-gly oerineand torpedoes,

Oilcloths,

Oil and lubricants,

Paints, . ...

Paper, straw-boards, Ac, . .

Paper hangings,

Pens,

Petroleum producers,

Petroleum reflners,

Petroleum pipe lines, . . .

Planing-mills,

Potters, . .

Powder and Aises,

n

1,080

3,781

3,269

Pumps, (wooden,) I Railroads, steam and horse,

Refrigerators,

Rubber goods,

Salt, .

Staves, shooks, heads, Ac, Sash, doors, and blinds, .

Screws, brass and Iron, . . Ship builders, . .

Shoe blacking and stove polish Shingle-mills, . ...

Shovels, spades, Ac., Show oases, ... Shafting, springs, and axles, oiaie, ... ..

Soaps and candles,

Spring mattresses,

Smelting,

Stair-rods,

Sugar refineries,

Surgical splints and elastic

goods. Silver and silver-plated ware, TanRs, wood and iron, . . .

Tanneries,

Tannique,

Textiles- Carpets and mats,

Cotton,

Cottons and woolens, . . .

Hosiery and knit goods, . .

Hate,

Woolens,

Yarns, cotton and woolen,

Bleaching and dye works,

Carders and fullers,

Coverlets,

Clothing

Braids, tapes, <fto.,

Felt goods,

Flax,

Jeans,

Lace and lace goods, . .

Printe,

Quilts,

Reps and terries,

Shawls,

Shirts,

Shoddy,

: Silks

Towels, ,

I Upholstered goods, . . .

Window shades,

Neckwear,

Textile machinery,

Tiles

Tinware,

Tools

Toys and traps,

Type,

t.

h'd

mbe sned

u

P

Leg. Doc]

Repobt.

TABIE— Continued.

Industries.

Umbrellas, parasols, &o., .

Velocipedes, . .

Watches and watoh-oases, .

Whips,

White lead, litharge, putty,&c. Total of blanks issued, Total of blanks returned.

mber sued.

mber limed

a

a

Zi

Industries.

Wooden ware, Wringers and washing ma- chines, . . . Zinc, spelter, and nickel, .

a

s

11,766

10,885

NoTE.~Blanks were not Issued, as a general rule, when it was known that the raanu- fiiotnrer or operator was engaged in a business rated below 95,000. Exception to this rule, however, was made when the industry, by reason of its almost universal existence throughout the State, though small In the individuil sense, yet presented an aggregate of too much importance to be igpiored.

About four hundred blanks containing inquiries were sent to workmen connected with various industries, and residing in various parts of the State. The inquiries made were in relation to the hours of labor; the healthfulness of the occupation ; the danger, if any, to which they were liable; the number of days lost by sickness during the year; the combined outlay and loss of pay by reason of sickness in the family ; the number of days unemployed in their regular business and the money loss in wages; the kind of workmen's hbuses and the sanitary condition of the surround- ings. Inquiry was also made as to the strikes in their trade or occupation during the year, and the cause and outcome of the difficulties; also as to arbitration and the result. The inquiries made were answered promptly and intelligently. They will be found compiled under the proper heading in this report, together with a brief sketch of labor troubles within the State during the year 1883. My predecessor in previous reports published a history of the strikes in this State from their commencement down to and including the year 1882. The present sketch is made with a view of continuing such history during the year 1883. The strikes and lockouts, which more frequently occur in large mining and manufacturing districts, chiefl}' arise ft'om disagreements, either upon demand for increased wages on the part of the employes or attempted reduction on the part of the employers. Both employers and employed are realizing that such method of settling difficulties or controversies not only entails great financial loss to both parties, but creates and nourishes feelings of bitterness and ill-will between those whose interests are dependent one upon the other, and who, if influenced by reason and common sense, should work harmoniously. The appreciation of a common interest by intelligent and thinking men — representatives of employer and employ — has resulted in efforts to com- promise mlitters in dispute by amicable conference and mutual concessions. Where differences cannot be so settled the effort is being made to adjust

vi Internal Affatbs — Industrial STATisrica [No. 7,

such differences by arbitration. The conferences which are being estab- lished between emplojer and employ, whilst they are not always effective in the settlement of the points at issue, nevertheless tend to produce kindly feelings instead of the bitter antagonisms which formerly prevailed. Through such intercourse each side acquires a knowledge of the causes and influences which operate on and actuate the other, and a desire is en- gendered on both sides to arrive at a fair understanding of the points at issue. In arriving at such understanding the labors of this Bureau and kindred organizations are of great impprtance. The statistical informa- tion thus obtainable of t-e condition of business and of labor throughout the country may dissipate the points in controversy, and be a complete answer to the arguments based oftentimes on mere conjecture and some- times on gross misrepresentation. I find a great misapprehension exists among many persons as to the duties to be performed by this Bureau. It appears to be assumed that its chief business is to battle with corporations, and to expose the operations of assumed monopolies. I do not so under- stand its duties, nor do I propose that it shall be the instrument for the settlement of private pique or the gratification of personal animosities Partisanship is no part of the duties of this Bureau. The effort to be made is the compilation of reliable statistics ; the object to be accomplished is that through the knowledge thus obtained the interest of both labor and capital may be harmonized and promoted.

5t The Coneolldatlon of the Reports ot the Anthracite and Bltuminoua Mine Inspectors in One Volume and Issuance from One Department*

The work of the mine inspectors in both the anthracite and bituminous re- gions is of great importance, and the reports of both regions contain matters of interest to all concerned in coal mining. But under the present condition of the law the best result from the expense incurred and the labor done is not attained. In the bituminous region there are six mine inspectors, v?ho are required by law to make a record of such matters as are detailed in the act of Assembly prescribing their duties. Such record is to be made on or be- fore the first day of November of each year, and is to be filed in the oflSce of the Secretary of Internal Affairs, to be recorded and included in the an- nual report of his department. In the anthracite coal regions there are also six inspectors, who are required to make annual reports to the Governor of the Commonwealth at the close of every year, which reports are published by the Executive Department. The duties of the inspectors of both the bituminous and anthracite regions are substantially the same, or only so varied as is required by the difference in the methods of mining. Our coal-mining interest, whether bituminous or anthracite, so far constitutes one great industry as to render full information as to the workings ol the one of great and practical importance to those interested in the other. It can be readily' seen that to best effect a useful purpose the several reports from both sections should be published together in a single volume, (which would contain about four hundred and fifty pages,} and a sufficient number

Leg. Doc] Repoet. vii

printed for distribution among those specially interested. There are no

valid reasons that I can conceive industries so nearly identical as those of mining bituminous and anthracite coal should be under different departments, and the reports as to the one be embodied in the report of the Secretary of Internal Affairs, whilst the other is embraced among the docu- ments issued by the Executive. Nor is there any reason wh}' the records of bituminous coal-mining for the year should be ended on the first of No- vember, whilst the reports as to the anthracite region are extended to the first of Januar3'. As the reports are at present printed, there is no arrange- ment for distribution even among the mine inspectors. There is a general and growing demand among pailies interested for these reports, which, em- bodied as they are among documents of a general character, limits the sup- ply by reason of the mode of printing, and thereby narrows their field of usefulness. The whole subject seems, under the organic law, properly to belong to the department of Internal Affairs. I would, therefore, respect- fully suggest the propriety of bringing the subject to the attention of the Legislature, with a view of having the law so amended that the inspectors of both regions be required to report at the same time and to this depart- ment; such reports to be there filed, compiled, and published in one vol- ume, and that they may be properly distributed among those for whose bene 6 1 they were designed.

Sugestions to Mine Inspectors.

Prof. James P. Kimball, geological rooms, Lehigh University, Bethle- hem, Pa., has suggested that if the mine inspectors would include in their circulars to coal operators the following directions and questions, and in- clude the answers to the same in their annual reports, such reports would be greatly increased in value and importance, viz :

First. To letter the coal seams according to the notation in the Second Geological Survey.

Second, To give the thickness of the coal seam.

Third. To give the thickness of the roof bench not mined.

Fourth. To give the thickness of the bottom bench not mined.

As most of the accidents ft'om fall of slate and roof have reference to the third heading, the element of thickness is requisite to give value to facts otherwise presented. The information is indispensable to enable one to form an idea from these reports of the actual practice, and underlies in fact all the rest of the information given. I regard the suggestions of Prof. Kim- ball as valuable, and advise their adoption by the mine inspectors.

4. Complaints of Miners In reference to the Opposition to Clieck-weiglimen.

It is alleged by a number of miners from the bituminous coal fields that opposition is made to and obstructions placed in the way of the checkweigh- man. The check weighman is an agent of the miners, authorized by law, and is paid by them. It is part of his duty to balance the scales, and to oversee the weighing or measuring of coal as it comes from the mines. Interfer-

\'iii Internal Affairs — Industrial SrATisTioa [No. 7 ,

ences with such officer is manifestly unjust. The miners are not only en- titlied to payment for their labor according to their contract, but are enti- tled to know that they are receiving justice.

5. Imported Contract I<abor.

It is charged that large contractors, through their agents, contract in Europe for labor.to be imported, to work at a price much below the minimum price paid to our own mechanics and laborers. The evil effects of such a system are manifest. The spirit of our institutions, whilst it protects capital, is to elevate labor. The importation of pauper labor is not only rank in- justice to our own working people, but it is an unfair advantage taken of by legitmate contractors who are willing to pay fair wages for fair work. The social and moral position of the working class has heretofore been the pride of the Nation. It should be the endeavor of the Commonwealth to elevate it, not to lower it, as the competition created by the importation of ignor- ant and degraded paupers must necessarily do. To the contractor the gain is but for the moment, while the evil to the community is lasting. Under our system of government, the blessings springing from general education of the masses of the people are sought to be attained. The importation of paupers under the contract system is a blow at the interest of both labor and capital, and all just means should be adopted to prevent it.

6. Convict Contract Iia1>or.

The same objections are urged against the system of convict contract labor in our prisons and penitentiaries, and is a subject which has agitated the minds of the working classes in a number of the leading manufacturing States for a number of years. It has, in fact, the same effect in lowering the standard of wages and depriving the honest workingman of the just reward of his labor, whilst there is not the same appearance of reason to justify it. Two reasons among others have been given in justification of contract labor : Ist. The reduction of prison expenses, and the relief from general taxation to that extent ; and 2d. The elevation of the criminal by occupying his time in a useful and honorable pursuit ; by promoting in him habits of industry, and in so educating him that at the end of his term of imprisonment he will have acquired the habits, knowledge, and disposition which will enable him to earn an honest living. It has been found, however, that the convict-con- tract system tends to degrade, not elevate the prisoner. The contractor, holding his labor in contempt, and actuated solely by his own selfish pur- poses, treats the prisoner as outside the pale of humanity. The direct ex- pense is saved to the State, but the degradation of the prisoner is increased.

The practical effect of prison competition has been found to be the pro- duction of articles at so small a cost as to defy the competition of honest and law-abiding labor. The standard of honest wages is prejudiced, governed and controlled by criminal labor. Under the convict-contract system, capi- tal which regards labor as a brutal machine obtains an advantage over capital which employs honest men and seeks to elevate and benefit the

Leo. Doc] Rbpobt. ix

working classes. The evils resulting to the working people by the intro- duction of the unfair competition of imported pauper labor are the same as from contract-convict labor, whilst the objection of such importation is solely a temporary advantage gained by the contractor.

The contract-convict system was abolished in Pennsylvania by the enact- ment of a law under the General Assembly, and which was approved June 13, 1883, requiring that wages fixed by the authorities of the institution shall be allowed the prisoner, from which board, lodging, and clothing, and the cost of trial shall be deducted, and the balance paid to their families or dependents. In case none such appear, the amount shall be paid to the convict at the expiration of the term of imprisonment.

This law was to go into effect at the expiration of existing contracts. In connection with the above, a law was also enacted to require a brand upon all <2:oods, wares, merchandise, or other article or thing made for sale by convict labor in any penitentiary, reformatory, prison, school, or other es- tablishment in which convict labor is employed." Dealing in convict-made goods not branded, whether made in Pennsylvania or any other State, is strictl}- prohibited under a penalty "of a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars and undergo an imprisonment not exceeding six months or both or either at the discretion of the court."

Employer's Iilablllty*

Representatives of trades-union and other labor organizations have called my attention to the subject of the liability of employers to workmen for in- juries received while in discharge of their duty, and have requested me to caU the attention of the Legislature to the matter in the consideration of the existing laws relative to such liability.

To so frame the law as to afford justice to all parties is undoubtedly a work presenting difficulties. It requires patient investigation, a full under- standing of the law as it exists at present, its construction by the courts, and its practical application. But it is a subject of great importance to the well-being of our working people, and whilst the rights of the employer should be fairly considered, the life and fortune not only of the emiloy, but also of his family, are at stake. The subject should receive the careful consideration of the Legislature. Upon this question I present, with ap- proval, the views of Charles G. Fall, Esq., to the Massachusetts Bureau of Labor Statistics, where he ably discusses it, viz : That the dictates of humanity, as well as the promptings of self-interest, stimulate employers of labor to do a great deal towards protecting the lives and limbs of their workmen there is no doubt. That they would not intentionally allow any neglect in the selection of workmen, of the materials used in the machinery worked is equally certain. But notwithstanding all this, there are doubt- less many accidents and injuries occurring daily, which, with a little more precaution in the particulars mentioned, might have been prevented. Work- men generally are not in a position to say with whom they will work, or

X Internal Affairs — Industrial Statispics. [No. T,

what materials or machinery shall be used ; and if greater precautions are to be taken, they must be provided for by employers. If the ordinary dic- tates of humanity and self-interests are not sutflcient to make life more se- cure, ought not their interest in the welfare of their workmen to be increased by imposing a heavier pecuniar}' responsibility'? Where an appeal to the generous impulses of the heart is not sufficient protection, should not an appeal be made to the more subtle instincts of the pocket?"

Convention ot Commissioners ot Iabor Statistics.

A meeting of the commissioners of labor statistics was convened Sep- tember 25 in the office of the Ohio Bureau of Labor Statistics, at which the representatives of six bureaus of the eleven in existence were in attendance, representing the following States: Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Xew Jersey, Illinois, and Missouri. The object of this convention was to con- sult as to the best means of collecting information, and to propose some method of procedure by which the purposes for which such bureaus were created may prove the most beneficial. Upon the matter of keeping up the efficiency of the bureaus, it was unanimously agreed that everything of a partisan character should be entirely excluded, whether of a political, busi- ness, or a social nature. In maintenance of this view, the convention was addressed by the Hon. Carroll D. Wright, chief of the Bureau of Labor Statistics of Massachusetts, an acknowledged authority throughout the United States on labor statistics, and whose large experience and undoubted ability entitle his opinions to great weight. He asserted that there was no office of the Government in which civil service reform was more appli- cable than in these bureaus inasmuch as the duties incumbent upon its officials were of such a character that the citizen and not the partisan of any party had to be dealt with ; and the subjects that would require inves- tigation were not in the interests of any distinct class, but pervaded soci- ety from the highest to the lowest, and that he thought the removal of an official who was educated in the details or duties pertaining to the office was to seriously impede the progress of the work. And in this connection I will here add what has been so well said by a distinguished statistician of the United States, that a " bureau of labor statistics should be so distinctly and decisively disconnected from politics, from dependence on organiza- tions, whether of workingmen or employers, individual views or class in- terest, as to command the moral support of the whole body of citizens and receive the cooperation of all men of all occupations and all degrees, with- out reference, however, either to their degrees or their occupations."

Tlie Necessity ot Iieislative Encouragement towards Promotinf the

best Interests ot tbe Bureau.

The reports of the Bureau are becoming more sought after every year, so that the limited number of reports allowed your department are entirely in- adequate to supply one half the demand. The supply of all previous issues was long since exhausted, except such as are necessarily kept in the library

Leg. Doc.] Report. xi

of the Bureau. Literature of a statistical character is attaining such im- poitance with the public that communications desiring special information on various subjects relating to the industrial classes of the State are so fre- quent that it entails a large correspondence upon the Bureau, requiring from the Chief close attention and considerable research. A State of such magnitude as that of Pennsylvania should show, at least, as much liberality as the States of Massachusetts, New Jersey, and others in appropriating funds that her industrial pursuits may be correctly gathered. The State of Massachusetts appropriates, annually, for contingent expenses, the sum of five thousand dollars for the use of the Bureau exclusive of the large amount appropriated each decade for census work. New Jersey appropriates three thousand dollars, and Michigan five thousand dollars, while the State of Pennsylvania, with its large extent of territory and its enormous industries in coal, iron, glass, lumber, leather, textile fabrics and numerous others, is allowed but the meager sum of two thousand dollars per annum, which is inadequate to carry out, as fully as should be, the work designed by law. While it is not intended that the Bureau should make a complete census of the State, it is required, however, that the productive interest of the State be published, and that the relation between capital and labor be shown in a clear and concise manner. To perform this duty as it ought to be done, necessitates the employment of experts to investigate thoroughly and im- partially such questions as may come before it from time to time.

The following gentlemen : James M. Swank, Esq., " Secretary of the Iron and Steel Association of the United States;" T. C. Search, Esq., of Fair- mount Worsted Mills, Philadelphia;" 8. L. Fisler, Esq., Secretary of the " Slate Exchange of Lehigh and Northampton counties," and Thomas Mc- Feely, Esq., of the firm of Griscom & McFeely, Philadelphia, who have attained eminence in their respective spheres as statisticians, and whose practical knowledge upon the subjects upon which they have written for this report, are entitled to our thanks.

The Bureau is under special obligations to John 0. Edwards, whose ex- perience and energy entitles him to our commendation ; and also to John L. Butler, Esq., attaches of this office.

JOEL B. McCAMANT, Chief of Bureau,

Lsgtslatiye Document,

No. 7.

Anthkacite Coal.

TABLE showing the number of collieries number of persons employed production, etc'in the several counties of the Anthracite coal fields of Pennsylvania compiled from returns mde to this office for the year ending December Slj 1S83.

County.

Carbon,

Oolumbia, Daaphin, Iokawanna, . . liiueme,

Northumberland, Sohuylkill, . . . Soilivan,* Sii8qnehanna,t .

o

ao

9 M

P4

s

4,587

1,660

1,781

14,852

82,011

6,148

26,069

87,808

s

d a

$1,628

5,899

12,745

2,560

9,497

,817 77 ,122 90 ,095 00 ,981 57 ,672 00 ,487 18 ,126 28 ,000 00

83,597,252 70

9

it nj

1,616,991.02

549,551.00

668,864.00

5,495,877.00

12,415,605.14

1,728,670.05

7,603,987.05

75,000.00

80,154,546.A

Beml- Anthracite.

t Included In Lackawanna.

1 Leg. Doc. No.

Internal Attaibs — Insubtrial STATimos.

[No. t,

Bituminous Coal And Coke.

TABLE growing the number of collieries, number ofperBons employed, production, etc., in the teveral counties of the Bituminous coal and colse yields of Penneylvania, compiled from the returns made to this office for the year ending December SI, 188S.

ArmUrOMR, BWTW, . . . Bfotd, . . .

BlalT,

Bndtord, . . .

OtmaroD, . . .

GUilon

Bk.

VkTCtU. . . . . Bnatliiidell, . Jjlenaii, . . . Idwnaetk . . Lreomlsti - - ' HeKMD, ... gomcTHt, ...

TanaDgo, . . . , WamiBftDii, . .

H,Bi,nM

Bi,n71 a

i.uTTS ax

u,nt,t7l 10,117

:1 Hi

Leg. Doa]

Ibon Ore.

t

. t

M 8

t

ft

iq i>aoiipojid 9JO JO fuoi JO nqani n

MoXoidma JO jaqnran i)ox

-a9doo| iXvpjo

—Jo

*)o jid— opi -zo-inbNfl

*JO *90 JOd

—JO '10 Jed

— jo'tojed— luoqdfoqj

-JO no jdd-jnqdins

—JO >)9 J9d

-Jo '%0

j9d-oniS

—Jo 'Jo

led— joddoo

—Jo

*90j9d-aoii

.'wanimojojo'OH

If

888S

S8S8

8'

s;

S

9Sss

S g

§

a

§

A

§8

g

S4

It

s

If

Ss

g

s

§s

as :

§1

g

t4

9

Is

M

£8

w

§gi§§i

$a§8ig

§ Ii8I8

s

g i

efaCeCvT

eftC

S

6S

if

Internal Apfaibs — Industeial Statistios.

[No. 7,

%

e

O

o

Of paonpojd OJO JO BOO) JO jaquiD k

8881 ni TOiA ni pivd uaoora ivox

i 'toaXoidiDO

I JO J9pinna i)ox

8881 ni aon -vjado uf slp JO joqoxna aiuaAV

-xo-inbsaig

a

—JO '90 jod

—JO *)0 jad — asauvJiTniH

— JO'lOJOd—

eujoqdsuqd

—JO -to lod-inqdiag

—JO '19 jad

-JO -to

jad - oni8

—JO -10 jad— iaddoo

-JO 'fojod— noji

M

g

M h O

O

M

8Ss8Ss8S

8'i SS pS

Si §i!i{

sssssasss SS I 88 §§§8§SS§ il §g

is''

§

8'

of

I

sii

s

2

§

§

8

S f

O I

sa

g

8g

lO

s' g

iO

a

H

O

S

o

S

t

o o

frfef MMMCMcf

S'lf

Leg. Doa]

Blast Furnaces.

Blast Furnaces.

TABIiE showing the number of Bl<ut JPkumaees in and out of blast, the production, etc., in the several counties of Pennsylvania, compiled from returns mode to this office for the year ending December SI, 188S.

Oochtt,

!

HimBBR OF

Stackb.

s

m3

o

Q

M

o

H

lis

a

o . 9Q

s

► .

at

5'

si

Adams,

Allegheny, . . . . Armstrong, . .

Bedford,

Berks, . . - . .

Blalr,

Backs,

Cambria,

Clarion,

Carbon,

Centre,

Chester,

Clinton,

Colombia, . . . Cumberland, . . Daaphln, Delaware,

Erie,

Tayette,

Franklin, Huntingdon, . . Lackawanna, . . Lancaster, . . Lawrence, Lebanon,

Iehlgta,

Lyoomlng,

Mercer,

Mifflin.

Montgomery, . . Montour, . .

Northampton, Northumberland, Perry,

PhUadelphla, . . Schuylkill,

Tioga,

Union,

Westmoreland, . York,

U

2B0

2S64

ask

Sz84

2,110

Hi 1,110

1,168

288 13,082

11,218,249 00

45,787 00

185,687 00

280,809 62

117,048 41

128,000 00

212.200 00

19.000 00

88,964 00

61,750 00

72.500 00

68 944 51

258.128 00

41,000 00

129.516 18 19,80188 115.582 16 197.694 00 194.864 48 157.114 43 229,806 47 618.667 16

827,180 89 44,582 17

172,073 44 19,152 62

641,211 44

86.540 00 18,168 76 64,870 90

54 220 00 22,184 75-

15.644,288 66

827,850 15,771 89,428

110,097 88,008

109,000

6,810

26,480

46,900

18,977

14,766

101,140

20,000

87,876 66,612 256911

184,669 18,167 77,876

225,675

17,885

7,264

26,204

7,1 12,000

2,687,406

InTEEUTAL AfFAIBS — iNDUSraiAL SlATISTIOSt

[No. 7,

EOLLIifGK-MILLS.

TABIiE showing the number of rolling-millet number o/fumaees, produeiiont in the several counties of Pennsylvania compiled from returns made to this ojjlce for the year ending December SI, 18S8,

a

f

o

a

s

a

o

paid in wages ear.

Vi

:t

. Sb

0a

§3

Countt.

S

A

%

S

sa

as

ooB

o

O

o

o

n

r

0a

w

K

%

E-

Sq

Sq

Allegheny,

M

17,216

19,840,868 84

488,410

006,281

Armstrong,

864,710 76

16,6644

Beaver,

40,000 00

1,860

Berks,

7B

1,664

711,662 67

46,9844

206,080

Blair,

M

288,820 98

16,4844

68,484

Bradford,

45,000 00

8,000-

5,000

Bucks,

48,000 00

8,600-

Cambria.*

Carbon, . . .

Centre,

54 884 86

2,7561

80,116

Chester,

423,668 88

41,676

Crawford,

Colnmbia, . . .

51,106 87

4,972

Cumberland, . .

77 , 296

148,791 10

2,028

Dauphin, . . .

1D8 ' 206

854,000 00

20,100

287,280

Delaware, .

166,867 65

11,678

1,100

Erie,

66,624 88

4,795

Fayette, .

Lackawanna, . .

18,000 00

10,908

Lancaster, . . .

2,210

806,844 87

58,071

10,800

Lawrence,

U

Uo

247,54116

6,6644

120,064

Lebanon,

108.282 24

9,688

Lehigh,

267*

1,019

889.555 47

86,868

11,171

Lycoming, . . .

90,000 00

70,880

70,800

Mercer,

1,167

682,488 58

88,701

108,289

Mifflin,

'

6,500 00

6,207

Montgomery, . .

8,119

1,429,824 14

182,7664

247,0784

Montour,

286,980 18

Northampton,

148,616 41

17,868

Northumberland,

Si

126,068 68

9,491

64,80

Perry, . .

162,219 46

10,688

128,744

Philadelphia, . .

1,822

797,688 05

66,161

68,886

Schuylkill,

209,408 19

25,296

Washington, . . ,

80,198 26

2,000

Westmoreland, . ,

119,600 00

12,4094

York,

76,000 00

18,000

2,090

i,2n

117,845,180 96

1,107,878

See Bessemer.

Leg. Dog.]

BXiOOMEBIES — CrUOIBLE StEEL.

Bloomaeies.

A STATEMEHT showing tite produetioii, dtc, of Bloomaries in the several counties of the State, eompiled from returns made to this office for the year ending Decem- ber SI, 188S.

Ooithtt.'

!i

s

a

S

a

if

t

s

S"

&

%4

%4

6*0

o

o

o

O

flS

o

t

%

S

S

g

Sq

si

Berks, . . . ,

Rleir

Centre, . . . Chester, . . . Colnmbt*, . , OamberUnd, DanpUn, . . , . , Huntingdon, Laneaster, . , Lebanon, . , Perry, . . . .

u

U

112.288 00

9,600 00

1&820 4B

4,827 08

10261 80

18,000 00

12,066 48

8,886 00

8,006 98

18,489 99

80,000 00

tl47,llS61

3,036)

1,270

1,288

2,100

1,817

1,878ft

8,098

16,0061

Ceucible Steel.

A STATEMS'Brr showing the production, dtc, of Crucible Steel in the several coun- ties of the State, compiled from returns made to this office for the year ending De- cember SI, 2S8S.

Oouvtt.

a

s

s

a

a

as

i5'

r

a

o

K

O

ji

as

O A

A

O

a

o

Allegheny, . ▲rmatrong, Cameron, . . BeaTer, . Delaware, . Philadelphia,

8,275

1,200

5,879

12,084,01118 86,000U)

690,000 00 85,200 00 85,108 61

448,064 45

127,288,106

8,000,800

92,000,000

1,289,768 28,608,087

18,177,884 24

287,067,988

Internal Affaob — Indubtbial STATisnc&

[No. T,

m m

Is Is

'

wcu tanpcud mox

IHOtHOXl

trcii wqi jamo IW18

St E3SS8 :3

-.sr,lis".'sf„.x

S838S8S3 '

llillHi:

t

t

.x;,'!i.fv;Ks.K

saisssss :

'

HMjoinnKjoMqiniiH

a

ass- : :- :

"

:

s

ni lasnoAnoo jo iim<to

-.T.-.iT.

—

s

a

h

Is

:'l

Leg. 'Doc.]

The Production op Pio-Iron.

THE PRODUCTION OF PIG-IRON, BESSEMER STEEL, AND IRON AND STEEL RAILS IN PENNSYLVANIA IN 1883 AND YEARS IMME- DIATELY PRECEDING.

By James M. Swank — Secretary of the American Iron and Steel

Association.

In Israel Acrelioss' History of New Sweden (the Swedish settlements on the Delaware,) published in 1759, the statement is made that Pennsyl- vania, in regard to its iron works, is the most advanced of all the American colonies.' How well the Keystone State maintains its prominence of a century and a quarter ago in the manufacture of iron is shown in the fol- lowing statistics of the production in all the States of leading products of iron and steel in 1883, and in immediately preceding years. Pennsylva- nia's leading position as a producer of iron and steel will be better under- stood after a study of these statistics than it has ever been, and it may also be added that its interest in the maintenance of the protective policy, which has built up these industries, will also be better understood. If the iron and steel industries of our great State are to be maintained in their present vigor, the tariff barrier to foreign competition which now exists, and which economic theorists would now remove, must not be weakened at any point.

The Production of Plg-Iron In 1883.

The production of pig-iron in the United States in 1883 was obtained in twenty-four States and one Territory (Washington.) The following table shows the total production of all kinds pig-iron by States in 1883, in the order of their prominence :

States.

Net tons.

Statbs.

Net tons.

Pennsylvania,

Ohio,

2,As8,891

679,643

881,964

287,667

178,186

172,466

162,907

188,778

188,968

108,296

88,898

64,629

61,898

49,168

GeoriFia<

46,864

Colorado,

24,680

New York,

Conneotiout,

Massachusetts,

Indiana,

19,976

niinoii,

Miohifran

10,760 9,960

Alabama,

Minnesota

8,000

Vinrinia.

Oreflron,

California,

Maine,

Texas, . . . Vashington Territory, . . .

Total,

7,000

New Jereev

6,827

Tennessee

4,400

Missouri,

West Virgrinia,

ICentnckv.

2,881 2,817

Wisoonsin.

6,146,972

Maryland,

Intbbnal Affajrs — Industrial Statisticb.

[No. 7,

The following table shows in detail the prodaction of bitumihoas coal and coke pig-iron in the United States in 1883. Fourteen States made this quality of pig-iron in that year :

States.

Net ton&

States.

Net tons.

Pennsylvania,

Ohio,

1,184,108 680,115 287,667

Kentnoky,

40,648

Georgia,

Colorado,

82,810

Illinois,

24,680

Vireinia,

Alaoama,

186,028

115,080

08,664

88,808

60,184

Wisoonsio,

1 Indiana,

12,544 0,050

1 Maryland.

1,275

West Virginia,

MiflBOori,

Total,

2,680,660

The following table shows in detail the production of anthracite pig-iron in the United States in 1883, four States only using this fuel in that year :

Statbs.

Net tons.

States.

Net tons.

Pennilyania,

New York

1,416,468 806,284 188,778

Maryland

24,071

Total,

New Jersey.

1,885,606

The following table shows in detail the production of charcoal pig-iron in the United States in 1888. This is the most widely extended branch of our pig-iron industry, nineteen States and one Territory (Washington) having made pig-iron with this fuel in the year named :

States.

Net tons.

States.

Net tons.

MJohiflTfn, r w ,

178,185 57,886 40,528 80,840 88,815 85,200 84,112 25,680 28,807 10,076 16,870

Kentnoky

18,081 13,046

Alabama,

Georgia,

Ohio,

Massaohusetts,

Minnesota,

10,760 8,000 7,000

Wisoonsin.

Oregon,

Tennessee,

Galifomia,

, 5,827 4,400

MiflBOuri,

Maine, . '.

NewTfork,

Texas,

Wasliington Territory, . . .

Total,

2,881 2,817

Maryland,

n fMtinn fc

Yinrinia

571,726

Of the total production of all kinds of pig-iron in the United States in 1883, Pennsylvania produced oyer 61 per cent. Of the total production of bituminous coal and coke pig-iron, Pennsylyania produced 44 per cent. Of the total production of anthracite pig-iron, Pennsylvania produced 75 per cent. In the production of charcoal pig-iron, Pennsylvania was exceeded by four other States — Michigan, Alabama, Ohio, and Wisconsin.

Leg. Doo.1

The Pboduotion of Pio-Iron.

The following table shows the prod action of all kinds of pig-iron in Pennsylrania, by district, in the last four years :

DiSTBIOTS.

Nbt Tons of 2,000 Pounds.

Lebiffh Valley

644,967 806,926 168,128 217,889 216,818 800,497 286,007 48,374

660,190 809,049 126,786 218,829 198,968 886,468 341,104 61,908

609,838 342,701 201,367 300,240 264,078 868,840 822,717 49,976

676,987

Schuylkill Valley,

Upper SuBquehanna,

Lower Susauehanna,

ShenaniFO Vallev

387,438 165,629 887,419 290,069

Allegheny Countv,

MifloellaneouB Coke,

692,476

801,664

38,316

Total,

2,088,121

2,190,786

2,449,266

2,688,891

The production of the three different kinds of pig-iron in Pennsylvania in the last four years has been as follows in net tons :

Kind OF Pio-Ibon.

Anthracite, Bitaminoois, Charooal, .

Tbtal, .

NxT Tons of 2,000 Pounds.

1,287,980

801,817

48,874

2,083,121

1,213,868

926,626

61,908

2,190,786

1,468,646

946,686

49,976

2,449,266

1,416,468

1,184,108

88,316

2,638,891

The production of both anthracite and bituminous coal and coke pig- iron increased in 1883 as compared with 1882, but there was a slight de- crease in the production of charcoal pig-iron in 1888 as compared with 1882.

The following table gives the production of anthracite, charcoal, and bi- tuminous pig-iron in the United States ftrom 1854 to 1883 :

1864, 1866, 1866, 1858, 1869, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865,

Nbt Tons of 2,000 Pounds.

Anthracite.

889,436 881,866 448,113 390,386 861,430 471,746 619,211 409,229 470,816 677,688 684,018 479,668

Charooal.

842,298 839,922 870,470 880,321 286,818 284,041 278,831 196,278 186,660 212,006 241,863 262,342

Bituminous

54,485

62,390

69,654

77,451

84,841

122,228

127,087

180,687

167,961

210,125

189,682

Total.

786,218 784,178 888,187 798,167 706,094 840,627 919,770 781,544 787,662 947,604 1,135,996 981,582

Internal ArrAiBb — Industrial Statistics.

[No. 7,

Years.

Net Tons of 2,000 Pounds.

Anthracite.

1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1878, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883,

Charcoal.

749,867

332,580

798,638

344,341

893,000

370,000

971,150

892,150

980,000

365,000

956,608

385,000

1,369,812

500,587

1,812,754

577,620

1,202,144

576,557

908,046

410,990

794,578

308,649

934,797

317,843

1,092,870

293,899

1,278,024

358,873

1,807,651

587,558

1,784,462

638,838

2,012,138

697,906

1,885,596

571,726

Bituminous

268,396

818,647

840,000

553,341

570,000

570,000

984,159

977,904

910,712

947,545

990,009

1,061,945

1,191,092

1,438,978

1,950,205

2,268,264

2,438,078

2,689,650

Total.

1,350,S43

1,461,626

l,603O0O

1,916,641

1,865,000

1,911,608

2,854,558

2,868,278

2,689,413

2,266,581

2,093,236

2,314,585

2,577,361

3,070,875

4,295,414

4,641,564

5,178,122

5,146.972

The following table gives the number of completed furnaces in the United States at the close of each of the twelve years from 1872 to 1883, allowance being made in each year for furnaces abandoned or torn down to make room for more modem structures :

1872, 612

1873, 657

1874, 693

1876, 713

1876, 712

1877, 716

1878, 692

1879, 697

1880, 701

1881, 716

1882, 687

1883, 683

The following table shows the number of furnaces in blast and out of blast at the close of 1882 and 1883 in the pig-iron districts of Pennsylvania:

Dbobmbbr 31

,1882.

Dbobmbbr 31, 1883.

Districts.

In blast

Out of blast.

Total.

In blast.

Out of blast.

Total.

Lehigh Valley

Schuylkill Valley,

Upper Susquehanna,

Lower Susq aehanna,

Shenango Valley

Allegheny County,

Miscellaneous Coke,

Charcoal

'I\)tal,

Lbg. Doc.]

The Production op Pig-Iron.

The following table shows the namber of furnaces in the United States in and out of blast at the close of 1883, as compared with the close of 1882, separated according to the fuel used :

Kind of Fubl.

BitumiiiouB, Anthracite, . Oharooal, . .

81, 1882.

In

blast.

Tbtal,

Out of

blast

6#

Total.

31, 1883.

In

blast.

Out of blast.

Total.

The Production of Iron and Steel Rails In 1883.

The total rail production of the United States in 1883 was as follows, in net tons, compared with the production of 1880, 1881, and 1882:

Kind op Rails.

Iron rails,

Bessemer steel rails,

Open-bearth steel rails,

493,762

954,460

13,615

488,581

1,330,302

25,217

227,874

1,438,155

22,765

64,954

1,286,554

9,186

Total,

1,461,887

1,844,100

1,688,794

1,360,694

The following table shows the total production of rails of all kinds in 1883, by States, in the order of their prominence :

Statbs.

Net ton&

States.

Net tons.

Pennsylvania,

Illinois,

New York,

Ohio,

857,818 232,005 76,020 62,518 64,142 19,688 16,309 12,465 7,460

Wyoming Territory

Tennessee,

Wisoonsin,

West Virginia,

Alabama,

6,845

2,650

1,259

Miasonri

Colorado,

New Jersey,

Total,

Indiana.

Maasachuetts,

Oalifomia,

1,360,694

Pennsylvania's share of the total rail production of 1883 was 63 per cent. ; Illinois made 17 per cent. ; no other State produced 6 per cent. The production of iron rails in 1883 was distributed as follows :

States.

Net ton&

States.

Net tons.

Pennsylvania,

Indiana.

29,963 16,297 6,845 2,910 2,243 2,050 1,209

West Virginia,

Alabama,

Wyoming Territoiy,

California.

Ohio.

Illinois,

New Jersey,

Missouri,

T'AnnAMIAA

Total,

64,964

Colorado

Internal Affairs — Industrial Statibtic . [No. t ,

Pennsylvania produced 46 per cent, of the total production of iron rails in 1888, and Indiana produced 25 per cent.

The production of Bessemer steel rails fom 1874 to 1883 was distrib- uted as follows :

m

Nbt Tons of 2,000 Pounds.

Tbabs.

Pennsylvania.

Illinoia

Other States.

Total.

1874,

1876,

1876,

1878,

1879,

1880,

1881,

1882,

1888,

66,902 112,848 203,750 260,531 808,098 368,187 495,716 688,276 759,524 819,544

48,280 111,129 133,713

89,519 148,785 197,881 257,588 346,272 336,122 231,855

29,762

66,831

74,998

92,119

98,520

117,896

201,161

295,754

842,509

235,655

144,944

290,863

412,461

432,169

550,398

683,964

954,460

1,830,302

1,488,155

1,286,564

The above table shows that there was a decrease of nearly 11 per cent, in the production of Bessemer steel rails in the United States in 1888, as compared with the production in 1882, but the production of Pennsylvania increased nearly 8 per cent, in 1883 over the production in 1882. Penn- sylvania's share of the total production of Bessemer steel rails in 1888 was over 63 per cent.

The production of iron and steel rails in this country since the beginning of the manufacture of Bessemer steel rails in 186T has been as follows, in net tons :

m

Net Tons of 2,000 Pounds.

Tears.

Iron rails, all kinds.

Bessemer 'steel rails.

Open-hearth steel rails.

Total steel rails.

Total iron and steel rails.

1867,

1868,

1869,

1870,

1871,

1872,

1878,

1874,

1875,

1876,

1877,

1878,

1879,

1880,

lool,

1882,

1888,

499,489 583,986 586,000 787,483 905,930 761,062 584,469 501,649 467,168 382,540 322,890 420,160 498,762 488,581 227,874 64,954

2,550

7,225

9,650

84,000

82,250

94,070

129,015

144,944

290,863

412,461

432,169

660,398

683,964

954,460

1,330,302

1,438,156

1,286,554

'9,897* 9,149 13,616 26,217 22,766 9,186

2,560

7,225

9,660

84,000

88,250

94,070

129,016

144,944

290,863

412,461

432,169

669,795

693,118

968,076

1,855,619

1,460,920

1,295,740

462,106

506,714

593,586

620,000

775,788

1,000,000

890,077

729,413

792,512

879,629

764,709

882,685

1,113,278

1,461,837

1,844,100

1,688,794

1,360,694

Leg. DoaJ

Thi Production or Piq-Iron.

The total rail prodaction of Pennsylvania in the last four years, in net tons, is shown in the following table :

Kind of Raii.

1882. 1888.

Iron rails,

Beeaemer and open-hearth stelrall8, . . .

170,482 499,716

198,798 697,886

82,764 768,144

29,968 827,855

Ibtal,

670,198

891,179

850,908

867,818

The Prodaction of BoMemer Steel In 1883.

The production of Bessemer steel ingots in this country from 18T4 to 1883, by States, has been as follows, in net tons :

1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1888,

Net Tons of 2,000 Pounds.

Pennsylvania.

85,625 148,874 258,452 828,599 426,481 614,165 648,894 844,601 988,631 1,044,896

IlUnois.

62,492 186,866 171,968 111,299 179,500 250,980 804,614 875,768 897,436 278,325

Other States.

43,816 90,787 95,581 120,689 126,245 163,827 254,665 818,893 365,388 336,906

Total.

191,983

375,517

525,996

560,587

732,226

928,972

1,208,173

1,539,157

1,696,450

1,654,627

Pennsylvania produced 63 per cent, of all the Bessemer steel ingots pro- duced in the United States in 1883. As will be seen from the above table, Pennsylvania increased its production of Bessemer steel ingots in 1888 as compared with 1882 nearly 12 per cent., but the production of Illinois in the same period decreased over 31 per cent., and the production of other States " decreased nearly 8 per cent.

The total production of all kinds of pig-iron in Pennsylvania in 1888 was greater than the total pig-iron production of the whole country in either of the years 1875, 1876, 1877, or 1878. The production of all kinds of steel rails by Pennsylvania in 1883 exceeded the total steel-rail produc- tion of the whole country in 1879, and was in excess of the total iron and steel-rail production of the whole country in 1877.

Produetlon of Rolled Iron in 1883.

The following table gives the production by eaeh State in 1883, in the order of its prominence, of all forms of rolled iron, including bar, shaped, bolt, rod, skelp, and hoop iron, and rolled axles; cut nails and spikes; plate and sheet iron, and all sizes of iron rails. Pennslvania produced over 46 pet cent, of the total production of rolled iron in 1883:

Internal Affairs — Idustrial Statistics.

[NaT,

States.

Net tons.

States.

Net tons.

PennsvlvaDia,

Ohio,

Illinois.

1,081,168

877,962

121,702

105,644

100,418

79,894

76,109

68,263

65,887

40,195

85,384

30,761

29,732

28,950

Tennessee,

22,454

Gonneotiont,

Missouri,

18,541 15,833

New York

Rhode Island,

Michigan

Wyoming Territory, . . .

Maine,

Alabama,

Colorado,

14,406

MasaaohuBetts,

West Virginia,

New Jersey

11,900 11,288 10,662

Kentucky,

8,836

Indiana. '.

7,844

Wisoonsin,

8,250

Delaware,

Yinrinia,

New Hampshire,

District of Columbia,

Total,

2,158

California.

Maryland

2,348,874

The production of bar, rod, bolt, skelp, hoop, and shaped iron, and rolled axles in the United States in 1888 is shown in the following table. Penn- sylvania's share of the total production of this class of rolled iron in 1888 was nearly 45 per cent.

States.

Net tons.

Statss.

Net tons.

Pennsylyania,

Ohio,

675,226 263,247 104,229 94,747 56,839 47,915 88,946 86,531 22,755 22,687 20,747 18,921 18,491 17,459

Rhode Island,

Tennessee,

14,405 9,786

New York. . .

Missouri,

9,642

Illinois,

Maine,

8,947

New Jersey,

Massachusetts,

Wisconsin

Michiiran

8,080

Alabama,

West Virginia,

Wyoming Territory,

Colorado,

New Hampshire,

District of Columbia,

Total,

6,656 4,964

Kentucky

4,448

Delaware,

3,486

Virirfnia,

2,132

Galiiomia,

TndifliiA.

Oonnectiont

1,511,422

Maryland.

The production of cut nails and spikes from nail-plate in the United States in 1883 was as follows, in kegs of one hundred pounds. Pennsyl- vania produced over 31 per cent, of the total production of cut nails and spikes in the United States in 1883.

Statbs.

Kegs of 100 pounds.

States.

KegsoflOO pounds.

Pennsylvania,

West Virginia,

Ohio,

Massachusetts,

Illinois

2,480,652 1,827,484 1,249,700 677,540 626,108 418,380 838,107 212,358 161,279

Kentucky,

144,686

California,

111,600

Nebraska,

Colorado, . .

Alabamal

65,000 62,969 20,000

Indiana,

New Jersey,

Tennessee. . . .

New York,

Maine,

14,768 7,806

Vinrinia,

7,762,787

LxG. Doa]

The Pboduction of Piq-Ibon.

It

The following table gives the production of plate and sheet-iron in the United States in 1883. Pennsylvania is the leading plate and sheet-iron making State in this country ; producing in 1883 over 66 per cent, of the total quantity produced.

States.

Net tons.

Statbb.

Net tons.

Pennsylvania,

Ohio,

254,446

40,987

18,626

J 4, 498

12,629

11,491

7,781

6,168

New Jersey,

Maine,

2,805

1,350

MaaBaohuaettey

New York,

Kentaokv,

California, .

Conneotioat,

New Uanipshire,

Distriot of Columbia, . . . .

Total

Delaware, ...

Maryland.

West Virginia,

Miwoari.

Miobisan,

884,862

The total production of each class of rolled iron by Pennsylvania in 1883 is shown in the following table, compared with the total production of the whole country in the same year :

Artiolbb.

Produotion in 1888. Tons OF 2,000 Pounds.

Pennsylvania.

United States.

Bar, rod, bolt, eta, . Plate and alieet-iron,

Cut nails,

Iron rails,

Total,

675,226

254,446

121,528

29,968

1,081,163

1,511,422

884,862

888,136

64,954

2,348,874

The Iron and Steel Production of Alleflieny County, Pennsylvania.

The following table gives the production of iron and steel in Pittsburgh and the remainder of Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, from 1874 to 1883, in net tons. Allegheny county is well known to be the leading iron and steel producing county in the United States.

2 Lio. Doc. No. 7.

Internal Affaibs — Industrial Stati8tic&

[No. 7,

Tkarb.

a

Vi d

p

ml

-a

1874, 1876, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1888,

104,114 171,178 189,511 208,342 226,687 286,882 287,253 405,119 336,628 867,106

62,861 46,773 31,488 80,264 33,446 52,265 80,899 76,767 71,038 73,860

562,996 442,359 638,874 697,806 444,018 294,942 419,098 486,916 459,228 627,896

274,625 239,069 247,943 268,486 282,388 363,894 889,107 606,182 430,627 472,351

a

o

s °

o

M od

1874, 1876, 1876, 18n, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883,

143,660 131,856 128,665 141,749 217,299 267,315 300,497 886,453 368,840 592,476

17,916

22,942

26,009

24,747

27,866

40,142

52,186

61,266

59,696

59,128

6,000

15,498

54,467

82,401

106,948

130,781

169,819

247,345

268,501

346,402

23,915 38,440 79,476 107,148 134,814 170,923 221,955 808,601 318,097 406,580

Bessemer steel inoladed ; five of these works are also iron roUinK-mills.

Lwa. Doc.]

Iron Fodndbie&

IROIf FOU]!fDRIES.

TABIjE ahoiving the number of Iran Foundries the production, etc,, in the eeveral counties of Penneyloania, compiled from returns made to the Bureau, /or the year ending December SI, 188S

Oouhtt.

a

H §1

g&l

►

1 '

a

I'

as

gii3

!

la

Ah

H

Adamft,

Allegheny,

Armstrong,

Beaver

Bedford,

Berks,

Blair,

Bradford,

Backs,

Butler,

Cambria,

Cameron,

Oarbon,

Centre,

Chester,

Clarion,

Clearfield,

i;llntoD,

Culumbla, . . . .

Crawford,

Cumberland,

l>auphln,

Delaware,

Erie,

rayette

Franklin,

Greene,

Huntingdon

Jefferson,

Juulata,

Lackawanna,

Lancaster,

Lawrence,

Lebanon,

Lehigh,

Luzerne,

Lycoming,

McKean,

Mercer,

Mifflin,

Monroe,

Montgomery,

Montour,

Northampton,

Northumberland,

Perry,

Philadelphia,

Potter

Schuylkill

Snyder,

Somerset,

Susquehanna,

Tioga,

Union,

Venango,

Warren,

Washington,

lYayne,

Westmoreland,

Wyoming,

York,

M

a

fi

80O

1,876

4B0

1,694

8,681

12,U8

4-U

8-U

a- 1

ia-7

40i253|

1,140

1,854

2,210

2,255

1,0084

1,428

1,866

1,560

18,168

8,100

1,200

2,682

1,220

1,1281

H9B44

279,878

408,658 5,100

6,287 2,151

1,000 6,042

29,200

66,284 18,000

1,965

6,800

6,800

84,518

6,800

16,600

1,985,672

16,871

1,000

4,000

10,000

2,766,860

11,600 00

1,067,871 85

8,868 00

16 600 00

289,662 07

81,986 00

28,100 00

89.210 70 1,600 00

68,613 38

6,719 00

33,075 00

8,218 00

24,600 00

128,904 94

17.211 00 81,887 00 68,600 00 10 380 00

110.000 00

258.874 63

9,387 88

10.877 00

3,900 00

8,400 00

8,600 00

1,640 00

111885 98

115.829 36

80,135 26

20,616 85

202,413 69

62 706 00

26,676 48

4,700 00

6,875 00

1,686 00

6,875 00

155 94S96

33,069 67

88,366 92

81,580 22

2,029,802 11

54,98167

4,165 00

6,725 00

16,218 75

1,400 00

1,000 00

18,188 00

23,260 00

8,800 00

90,220 00

6,880,881 40

Intkbnal Affaibs — Industbial Statistics.

[No. 7 ,

Glass.

TABIjE showing the number of Qlaee WorkSf the production, etc,, in the eeveral counties of Pennsylvania, compiled Jrom returns to the Bureau,/or the year ended December 31, 188S.

Countt.

Window*

▲Uegheny,

Crawford,

Fayette,

Lawrence,

Montgomery,

Tioga,

Flint and Qr4en,

Allegheny,

BeaTer,

Centre,

Konroe,

PhUadelphia,

Wayne,

e

a

S

ft

o

vn

a

o

It

r

1,081

1,007

0e

1887,649 09 42 000 00 218,217 69 46,000 00 80,000 00

1912,86192

is

887,172 96,694 61,686 26,100

628,602

4,661

1,216

2S9

24D

6,660

11,988,766 80

92,100 12

46.688 07

40,000 00

488,920 40

187,096 81

12,892,668 70

18 666.664 82

217,200 00

86.286 97

70,000 09

1,884 816 69

879,994 87

16,768,842 46

Leo. Doc.]

P£TBOriEUM.

Petroleum Producers.

TABIaB showing ilu numhtr of Petroleum Producere production etc., compiled from returns

made to the Bureaufor the year ending December 31 1S8S,

SAxm or Opbrjltor

By M Umbbb On Blarx.

o

B

o-S

Aaa

prodactng berated at

A

rillers and essers em-

ally wages pampers.

ally wages illers.

cost to irell.

cost to e one bar-

cost per for ptpe-

0. Of

wells tbal Ui

0. of wells presen

o. of empl03

0. of d tool-dr ployed

verged paid to

▼erage prodae relof €

▼erage

barrel

age.

aq

&Q

1

S2

'Is

282S,

2380,

23S1,

ana ,

ssn,

2809,

2312,

2sao,

2888,

2887,

28Sb,

2841,

2848,

2848,

286e,

2866,

2857,

au,

aB2,

2370,

2377,

2879,

2888,

28S4

2891,

2aB2,

Si

2898,

2405,

2410,

2411,

2416,

2425,

2427,

2488,

2485,

2486,

a4

2442,

2448,

2447,

2461,

2451, C,

2451, B

2451. D,

2451, F

2451, H

2451, O,

Mm.

2412,

6S0

Too

U

S7

So

6S

Is

la

f8 60

. .

B

♦2,fi00 8,000

1,000 8,000 8,600 8,000 8,500 8,000 8,000 8,000

2,600

8.O0O 2,800

4,000 8,000 8,800 2,600 2,000 8,200 2.80O 8,000 2,800 8,000

*2'.2S0 8,000 8,700

1,500

2,000 2,500 8,000

2,000 8,000 2,000 1,200 2,500

8,500 2, Sco

' 60

' 25

' 70

23

►

lOOi

m

85

75*

C7f

107f

106t

Lubricating oil.

Internal Affairs — Industrial Statistics.

[No. T ,

PETROIiEUM PRODUCERS.

2800, 2320, 2328,

28S2, 2881, 2880, 2885, 2886, 2887, 2889, 2342, 2843, 2845, 2346,

2848,

2850, 2851, 28S7, 28S1,

2870, .

2872, .

2875, .

2877, .

2879, .

2888, .

2884, 2888, 2880, 28M, 2406, 2410, 2411,

2418, 3416, 2417,

2427, 2488, 2484, 2485,

2488, 2442, 3448, 2447, 2448, 2451, G, 2461, .

3451,8, 3451, D, 2451, E, 3451, P, 3451, J,

3428, . . 3413, . .

so

Bankrupt.

Better.

Improved, . . .

Worse.

Worse.

Worse.

Do uot know, . .

Much poorer, . .

Much poorer, . .

Poor.

Very poor,

Very poor,

Very poor, . .

Imporerished, .

Farorable, . . .

Worse,

Better,

Do not know, . .

Poorer.

Good,

Belter.

The same, . . . .

Worse,

Better,

Better.

The same, . . . .

The same, . . . .

Better, ..'.!. Worse,

Better,

Better,

Better, . ! . ! .

Iroproyement, The same.

Worse,

Worse,

Worse,

worse, . .

Worse,

Worse,

Poorer, Very poor. Wretched, . . .

Worse,

Worse,

Better fixed, . . .

Same.

Very worse,

Not good, . . . . 50 per cnt. worse.

Remedies saffgested by oil prodncers for oorreetlon of existing

evils In the oil trade.

A limit of the production to the demands of trade.

A law to fine and confine for life all persons now speculating in oil.

The methods of the business are now better than ever before. They all speculate too much. Increase of consumption.

Think all In the business should make an assignment.

Suppression of wild-cattlng and speculation.

Suppression of wild-catting and speculation.

Antl-discriminatlon measures against transportation companies.

Enforcement of existing laws. No rebates or drawbacks to rail- roads, pipe lines, companies, or indiyidnals.

The Standard Oil Company is a merciless incubus upon the business. For fifteen years it has dictated the price of crude and refined. Kill or crush it.

Less speculation.

Destroying of the monopolies.

Decrease of production and increase of consumption.

Free and unobstructed transportation of oil. No discrimination in freight rates, and law making pipe line companies common carriers.

A reduction in storage apd pipeage charges, and competition in the refining and transporUition interests which are and have been monopolized by the Standard.

It is working out Its own salvation. Too late to legislate on the sub- ject.

Stop the drill.

The State should encourage Congress to pass a bill to regulate inter- State commerce, preserving Aree competition, and prohibiting discrimination of any kind.

Equal rights and same protection for all men engaged in the busi- ness.

The enforcement of the common carrier laws;

Put down less wells.

Hire £. O. Patterson to damn the Standard.

Think they cannot be remedied.

Do less drilling and curtail production.

Give every man equal rights as regards transportation on railroads at uniform rates.

There must be less wells drilled.

Curtail the Standard Oil Companys influence as a monopolist.

Higher prices for the crude product.

Pass an antl-discrlmination bill, one that cannot be misunderstood, giving all an equiU ahare in the transportation of oil.

Pass an antl-discriminatlon bill giving individuals an equal right with corporations and no monopolies.

Put down monopolies.

That no rebates should be granted any person or company for trans- portation on ctecount of large thipmentB or for any other cause.

Drill fewer wells. The pipe lines now absorb all the profits.

Less drilling and production.

Anti-discrimination by railroad companies.

Free competition and no discrimination In freight rates.

Better prices and d — n the Standard.

Free pipe laws and no discrimination by railroad companies.

More Pattitona like the present Governor and less corporation law- yers at Harrlsburg. Appoint a committee of loyal produeert to investigate.

Competition in buying.

Democratic administration.

Not to drive the drilling; find a better market for the oil and pre- vent the Standard Oil Company from squeezing the producer.

Prevent combinations between railroad and pipe line companies. Prevent combinations between different refineries.

Destroy the monopoly of the refining corporations.

A reduction of present carrying or storage charges by pipe lines to an equivalent of its actual cost.

Leq. Doa]

Pktboi.Eum Bkfinib&

as

O

E-i

Ah

tt

!

s

Ts

S

&,

M

s

Cost includes barrel.

Lubricating oil— cost includes

barrel. Cost includes barrel.

Oil made Arom the refuse of other reflneries.

Cost includes barrel.

Cost includes barrel.

Mannfkoturing paraflne oil and wax.

-M no JO tpinq JO jeqmnK

§§§§§§ SSI §g§S§g8g8§g : §

s

8881 ni If o opn JO uiojv epvn sionpojd joqio JO siojjraq jo Jiaqmajjr

1,600

47,829

6,000

1,428

28,078 21,457

94,478.26

onpvMd spiJivq jo jeqmnK

99 '

. ... of

98,735.44 70,424

s

oafsnaq ipjuvq jo joqumm

§Sg§3§ §1

1,400

47,829

10,800

1,887

40,885

76,178

26,046

1

s

no paauM JO 10J jvq ono eonpojd o% too oSviaAy

sae .ss S9S aas : :9 : : :s : : :

'8881 HI soJNm pTtd tanoora

888888 889 8S8889iE88iga8 8

peloid -mo tnof jod JO leqoina iiox

'uoftvjedo nf JO jaqana oSvjoay

sSSSgg 888 8888§883888S8 8

g

'8881 vi epvva (pooii) siojjvq JO joqmnii

:::: :§8 : : : :B§e§a3S :

S

r

jod pengej no jo IMivq JO leqaina oSvjaAy

s

s

-ojd loqio JO oSvaeojiaj

s

'onizaeq jo eSvnoojo

asaas S8

s

oninuvd JO oMtneoie J

no pougaj JO 98r|a90J9d[

esssse 69

; |3fSfS99gi:18SS86 ! te

f

'flUOtpS JO tram

§§Sg§8 §I §§§§88§g§§§g : §

2454,. 2455,.

2462,. 2468,. 2485,. 2472, .

2474,. 2482, Sim. .

' llf If llitf lis' i

Intebnal Affaibs — Industkiai. Statistics.

[No. T ,

Co

o

P4

o t.

§

'ffiimt ooji JO

§

*C88T *Ttr jaqmaooa no i|doi ui no JO 9|9JunM| JO JMimnji

S9

s

pM9Aiiap siaxivq jo Jdqoin jf

If

S4

s

5f

%i

s

-atf amd jo laqmiii-

5§

s

JO tonn JO j9Qiini{i

f 1 i

1

r

[i [1

la.

Si

:6

Leg. Doc.] Petroleum. 25

PBSTROIiIBUllf.

A general history of the petroleum oil trade of this State cannot be given in this volume of our reports ; the business is large and diversified, so much so, indeed, that with the limited time and means at our disposal it was deemed impossible to obtain full and complete statistics. As early in the year as possible, we prepared blanks suited to the producing and refining interests. To the producers one hundred and fifty-four blanks were mailed, out of which number we received in reply one hundred and eleven. Many of these replys were either indefinite, or else to the effect that the party addressed had abandoned the business.

Complaints having been made by the producers and small refiners re- garding the condition of the oil trade, the blanks were prepared in such a form as would en'able them to state the condition of trade, the causes, and the remedy.

As many of the producers advanced the theory of over-production being the cause of low prices, we had a table of prices and production, from 1859 to 1884, prepared, and which accompanies this report. To this was added a valuable table on the exports of petroleum and its products, pre- pared from the reports of Mr. Nimmo,and the geological reports of this State. To the refiners were mailed sixty-eight blanks, fifty-five of which were re- turned. It is not pretended that our report on the refining industry is complete, but' we trust that such as it is it will, in a great measure, assist in determining the amount of oil refined in the State, together with the average cost of refining a barrel of crude petroleum, and the percentage of refined oil and other products derived therefrom.

In some cases, in order to determine the average cost to refine, it may be necessary to add or subtract the price of the crude petroleum together with the price of the wooden barrel, the average of which latter is $1 25. The reports from the pipe line companies are very nearly complete. Of the two thousand three hundred and ninety-three miles of line pipe reported by the United Line Company, one thousand seven hundred and ten miles are of two-inch diameter, three hundred and seventy-one are of three-inch, one hundred and twenty are of four and five-inch, and one hundred and ninety- two miles are of six-inch. Tide- Water Pipe Company reports six hundred and forty-six ninety-seven one hundredth miles of line pipe, but does not furnish the dimensions in diameter. These two-inch lines of pipe are con- nected with the oil tanks of the producer, and enables him to transport his oil into the large receiving tanks of the pipe line companies. For this he is charged twenty cents per barrel, besides per cent, for leakage and evaporation. Whether this system of transportation is of a more pecuni- ary value to the producer than the old system of hauling by means of wagons, is not so certain. Before the general introduction of the pipe line system, the average charge per barrel for hauling oil in wagons was fifty cents ; thus it would appear at first glance that the producer of to-day was having an advantage owing to the pipe line system of transportation of

26 Internal Affaibs — Industrial Statistics. [No. T,

thirty cents per barrel. But if we view the matter in the ratio of cost to selling price, it will be seen that the average price paid under the pipe line system for transporting oil has been about one fourth the selling price of the oil as against one eighth the selling price when hauled away in wagons.

The present pipe line system is complete in nearly all its details, with its vast machinery of pipes, pumps, boilers, and tanks, with an army of linemen and clerks, with its management divided among transporters and refiners, it has been enabled to hold complete control of the entire production.

The labor product for one day for the United Line Pipe Company has been estimated as follows: Oil handled, 60,000 barrels; iron tanks built and repaired, 90 tons; number of tin vessels manufactured, capacity five gallons each, 100,000; together with 25,000 oak barrels manufactured, re- quiring the use of 150 tons of hoop-iron. The railroad, once an important factor in the transportation of oil, has been superseded by the introduc- tion of the six-inch conduits, which convey the greater portion of the oil to the sea-board, and in this connection it may be remarked that of all the vast stores of oil which this State produces, three fourths of it is taken to New York, Cleveland, and Baltimore, there to give employment to thou- sands of workmen and to enrich the coffers of three several States, two of which never aided in its development. One needs but to examine the sta- tistics of exports to see that petroleum and its products rank second in the list, King Cotton being first. The same table will show that the exports from the port of Philadelphia of petroleum and its products are very in- significant. At some future time we may be able to give more full and im- portant data bearing upon this question, and to that end we hope to have the cordial support of all those interested, especially since now they may know for certain that their private affairs are not made public in this re- port.

Leg. Doc]

United Pipe Lines.

2T

STATEMENT made by the United Pipe Lines February I884, ehovnng gross stocks, sediment and surplus net stocks, outstanding acceptances, and credit balances at the close of each month; also receipts from all sources and total deliveries for each month, beginning tpith April, 1877,

1877— April, May. Jane, July, Ang., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec.,

1878— Jan., Feb.. . March, April, May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec,

1871>— Jan., Feb.. . March, April, May. June, July, Aug, Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec,

1880— Jan., Feb., March, April, May. June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec,

1881— Jan., Ifeb., March, April, May, June, July Aug. Sept. Oct., Nov. Dec. ,

1882— Jan., Feb.. March, April, . May, . June, . July, . Aug., . Sept., . Oct., . Nov., . Dec, .

Cm

fl,8K,168 71

1.78Z.0O2 84

l,Se0,aB7 68

1,482 488 51

1,488 062 58

1,838 082 27

1.484,728 78

1,881,899 52

2,880,415 88

8.124,841 15

8.488,528 08

8.940.000 85

4.385.274 84

4.809.681 45

4.719,889 26

4.885,851 72

4,671.858 59

4.410 061 84

4.072 627 48

4,088,072 42

4,006.200 92

4.750.031 41

6.157.646 15

5,608.768 71

6 885,675 24

6,180,848 63

6.426 802 46

6.419,689 08

6,880.606 68

65a860 88

6,701.209 87

6,961.183 67

7,862.409 76

7.735 257 88

8 187,012 49

8 621,007 49

9,682,354 69

10 806 078.79

11,288.771 77

12,039,010 00

12.749,828 28

18,618.726 08

14,020 877 89

14.666 891 55

16 869,758 67

16.291,807 87

17.855.485 81

18 488,476 94

19,560 768 28

20,501.117 83

21 897.686 58

21.962,161 42

22,474.105 51

22.727.740 61

23,282,95199

28,803,782 84

28.884 174 83

24.248 382 26

24,777.244 28

25.668.286 81

28,519.252 22

27,618 619 58

28.811,828 68

28,965.781 79

80,198,208 64

81,068.182 82

81.380,694 71

81 900,475 68

82,869,068 91

s

Bo

Oq

(77,888 70

75,864 87

81,266 42

81,741 60

81.144 68

87,168 68

46,77199

89.418 00

68,729 68

72.458 48

82 462 66

92,963 06

188,984 76

150,117 76

181,800 08

229.080 78

217,085 19

225 088 88

2i060 89

216.665 80

201 479 80

182.707 80

171,689 80

190,797 91

211,957 06

815.962 98

384.457 29

828,296 82

302,845 15

825.868 85

aM.898 67

808.641 17

294 571 87

285.517 60

822,668 96

851.180 85

888.658 16

454 198 78

477,48169

475 446 56

462 087 28

8S2 388 71

391,88156

811.262 67

861.184 88

869 688 98

891,616 47

482 804 19

617.422 38

640 662 08

756 412 85

774,402 94

800 843 88

820,484 43

801.248 48 746.988 08 828,808 89 762,111 58 842 087 85 887,210 88 098.150 92

1.161,789 86 1,844,862 60 1.880 488 28 1.870,660 62 1,473,646 07

881.249 06 804 887 98

1,068,847 17

11,817,787 01 1,687,287 77 1,488,112 28 1,400,692 01 1,407. 907 '90 1,271.868 60 1,387,956 79 1,651.98152 2.761.685 78 8.062,187 72 8 857.074 82 8,817.087 SO 4.201.810 08 4 459.568 69 4.687.889 22 4.656.770 94 4.854,678 40 4.184,972 06 8.888 576 54 8.887,817 12 8896,780 62 4,876,823 61

4 985,956 35 5.812.970 80

5 678.718 18 5.864,850 55 6.092,845 16 6,096,408 76 6.078.261 48 6,264.495 08 6.401.816 20 6,647.492 50 7,067.838 89 7,489.739 78 7,864,448 66 8269,967 14 9.273 796 48 9,851.886 06

10,789 840 08 11,668.563 44 12,286,686 00 18.286,827 82 18,629,545 84 14,815.628 88 15,008.678 84 15,980.618 89 16 968 868 84 IS 066 172 75 19,048 828 85 19,960,456 80 20.641,286 68 21,207,758 48 21.678.762 IS 21.907.806 18

22 481,706 56 22,656 744 26

23 055,365 84 28,481,270 78 28.985,176 48 24,776,087 93 26 526 101 80 26.856.880 17 26,966 475 08 27.625,288 51 28,827,548 02 20,504 586 25 80,408.445 66 31,006,077 70 81,700,241 74

H

o

1449 640 14

683,668 71

661,786 57

667.166 86

648,28146

552,676 28

673.850 05

657.591 86

754.838 25

864 711 41

1,404.292 18

1.487.489 50

1,615.791 19

2,865,833 81

1,960,420 81

2,078,489 56

2,064.590 76

1,705.838 06

1,617,484 27

1,784 448 86

1,741,811 07

2 153,768 83

2,846.288 22

2 484.881 88

2.644.801 86

8 522,486 86

2,959,921 12

8,828.575 29

8 581.224 08

8.783 480 38

8.788.155 65

8,972 800 18

4,235,459 40

4.486 788 55

4.602,286 48

4 811.894 88

5.846,588 60

6.861,820 05

7,807,18180

8,126,24125

8'636 884 80

9,287,198 94

9,443,615 77

10,088,884 08

10,913.288 49

11,672,588 61

12,029 694 85

18 099 262 44

18,846 285 20

14,608 124 70

14 788.823 77

15.150.687 23

15,240,668 15

15,628,288 11

16.408.080 46

16 407 854 48

17.618.187 75 17.788.245 97 18 291,296 87 19,039.700 78

19.968.188 00 20.622 820 88 21,282,495 62 22,087,278 81 22,094.815 90 28,824,800 13 24 288 382 42 25,722,724 08 25,420,570 77

§

a

m

J

11,868,126 87 1,006,574 06 828 825 69 738,825 ffi 784 626 44 719.192 88 714.106 74 994.890 16 2,007.847 48 2,187,476 81 1.952,782 19 2,860,608 09 2,685,548 89 2,894,280 38 2,587,478 41 2.578.801 8S 2,288,982 64 2,479.119 03 2.821,092 27 2.082,878 77 2 156,419 56 2. 422.569 78 2.688.718 IS 2,828,068 07 3,029.416 82 8 842,864 19 8.182,424 04 2,772 828 47 2 407,087 46 2.4S1,015 60 2.618,660 55 2 675.192 82

2.832.878 90 8 002,961 28 8,282.157 07 8.458,072 81 8,427,258 88 8.400,566 01 8,882.208 19 8 488,822 19 8,661,241 20 8 949.138 38 4,180,980 07 4,2SL804 80 4,006.290 85 4.258 085 28 4,984,274 49

4 966.910 81

5 107 044 65 5,842,880 60 5,902.456 91 6,057,18126 6,488.200 08

6 281,028 07 6 028,678 10 6.149.888 78 5 487, 178 09 5,698,024 76

5.648.879 56 5.786.827 20 5,662,918 80 6784 800 79 5,683.980 81 5,588.015 20 6.782.782 12 5,770.176 12 6,126,098 24 5,288,868 62 6,369,870 97

a

1200,670 81 498,200 68 588.906 96 615 145 46 678 408 04 624 225 87 687.C94 69 918 644 16 1,666.150 87 072.681 18 1,080,688 44 1,196,251 26 1,187.850 40 1,104.352 40 1,092 604 02 1.268 648 45 1,195,288 67 1.182,118 67 1,271,174 78 1,159.623 71 072.8SS88 1,281.287 19 1,065 877 96 1,888,512 17 1,879,849 76 1,488,514 81 1,487.250 90 1,472.651 01 1,714 620 11 1.601,863 41 1,646.725 06 1,600,961 29 1,771,781 24 1,882.963 04 1,607,668 89 1.815,188 31 1,738,287 87 1,562,240 91 1,781.987 29 1,890 16144 1,904.482 70 2,075,106 28 1,999.487 98 1,859.99150 1,967,283 54 1,876.626 60 1,828,718 46 2 222.812 39 2,182 636 96 2,278 682 78 2,818,445 18 2.889,472 50 2,627,888 69 2,288 085 37 2452.428 68 1,996,896 88 2.255 258 50 1,984.82b 23 2,062,742 98 2,805,638 80 2,145 965 63 2,839,170 89 2.419.984 81 2,609,606 49 8.176,058 89 2 569.086 20 2 869.517 85 1.970,99100 2.018,996 86

1125,797 90 619,612 26 787,600 77 699,476 18 666,144 28

760.746 87 570,002 71 649.242 70 606.828 99 715.148 78 720,478 14 701.68127 778.060 58 848,081 88

1,004.474 55 1,108,074 88 1,496.009 04 1,818,265 88 1,664,984 48

1.129.047 02 924.085 98 546,27174 688,828 71

1,020,029 70 1,015,432 04

1.228.048 27 1,204.757 54 1.465,518 06 1,728,940 81 1.455,811 45 1.508,991 80 1.328,621 19 1,381,822 12 1.456,194 96 l,178,m 92 1,896,067 88

728.794 78

0ni,061 26

848,839 08

1,006,628 26

1,177,448 42

1,115,184 71

1,406,285 06

1.064,148 89

1,207,028 85

981,718 71

781.747 98 1,116,686 11 1.183.770 02 1.866.688 28 1,545,448 18 1,766,044 15 2.018,841 67 1,900,25188 1.808,062 62 1,752.662 86 1,696 068 64 1547,946 28 1,601,191 48 1,458,864 46 1,881,098 10 1,406,666 28 1,706.712 65 1.062.685 71 1,870,745 07 1,709,818 21 1,884,217 18 1,157,186 86

984,908 48

InTEBMAL AFFATB8 — INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS.

[No. T ,

STATEMEVT-Coiitiiiiied.

s

as

1 from

z

m m

§

Is

o

ISO-Jan.,

183,472,781 77

tl.(l64 im

182.418,851 88

126.423 085 60

15 084,716 33

11,811,822 Sb

fl, 143 218 09

34 190, 78 1,2H02S 08

82,886,480 87

28.618.782 40

8,887 668 27

1,630,015 80

1,043 912 er

March,

34.885,372 88 1,543 381 15

33.112 Oil 44

25.893,282 32

7.258,719 12

1,783,587 51

1328.968 55

April, .

35,080 968 04 1,988.282 80

38.123.726 44

25,388,241 58

7.730,484 01

1,866 708 91

1,584 047 S2

May, .

35 677.182 80 2,210,712 80

38,388.470 50

27,084 833 67

6.281,586 08

1,806.282 80

1637.2Ds 44

Juoe, .

38,048.470 50 2,388.128 89

83 686.84161

28,50tl00 76

5,065 240 85

1.842,012 08

1 538 750 87

July, .

88.424.822 82 2.428,897 55

33 896.785 27

27 878 375 77

6 122,889 60

1,716,991 88

1,867.872 98

Aug., .

38,227,560 03 2,822.678 80

83 7M 712 73

27M7,802 62

6 767. Uo 21

1,800.082 23

1,778,760 88

Spt., .

35 782,108 87 2 375 432 38

83.418,676 31

27 786.898 02

5,680.283 29

1,672 4Ss 38

1,951.490 28

Oct., .

35.510,912 40 2.257.978 17

83,262 984 23

27 828.847 75

5 829,086 48 1,750,479 04

1.900.918 19

Not.,

85.245 242 24

83 140.449 43

28.807.851 76

4888 007 88

1,635.745 42

1.788 517 89

Deo., .

35 253.282 48

i,aas,)M04

83 286.943 45

28 808,136 25

4.688,807 20

1,679.962 48

1.618 008 40

1884- Jan., .

85,188,789 55

l,88(,aSSS8

88.280,833 97

27,888,623 25

6,612,810 72

1,628,408 66

1,617,829 69

The abOYC figures are In barrels of forty-two gallons each.

Leg. Doc.]

Petroleum.

S

o

O

o

o

JO tiduwi i90x

uoisiAfp noTlins

uofviATp pjojpufl

uofsiAlP aof jvio

QOlflTAfp

noTSiAip dnqflvo pn 9I0h-;tj

-imSViS pa onofpix

-IP IcnqSany nMinaQ

— ffflOiL ftpDJO JO

90|jd SaiiiM 0:*19AY

§§§

M

ff-4 Mi-4

s

s

g

t

f

ll'sMmMlflllllllM

80 Internal Affairs — Industrial Statistics. [No. 7,

Geographical range of the seyeral Divisions, with names and dates ot

Pioneer wells.

Oil Creek Division. — Oil Creek Valley and borders, Cherry Run, Keech Farm, West Pit-Hole, Pleasantville and surroundings, Enterprise, Sham- burg, Octave, Titusville, and Church Run. Commenced producing. — Au- gust 28, 1859, from Drake well, near Titusville, well 69 feet deep ; produc- tion about 10 barrels a day.

Central Allegheny Division. — Allegheny river, from Scrubgrass to East Hickory, including East Sandy, Bully Hill, Franklin, Reno, Slate Run, Walnut Bend, Henry's Bend, and mouth of West Hickory. Commenced producing In fall of 1860, Evans well and others at Franklin.

TiDiouTE Division. — Tidioute, Economy, Dennis Run, Triumph, New London, Colorado, and Fagundus. Commenced producing. — In fall of 1860, Island well, at Tidioute; Economy well "A," or flowing well, struck De- cember 25, i860.

Beaver Division. — Smith's Ferry, Ohioville, and Slippery Rock. Com,- minced producing. — December, 1860, Patton, Finlen, Swan & Co. 's well ; oil at 180 feet.

Pit-Hole Division. — Holmden, Morey, Ball and Hooker farms, and the Cashup pool. Commenced producing. — January 7, 1865, United States Oil Company's " Frazer Well."

Butler and Armstrong Division. — Embracing all the oil territory in those two counties. Commenced producing. — October, 1866, Tom's Run well, near Parker's ; January 8, 1866, Brady's Bend well, No. 1 ; March 23, 1878, Troutman well, at Modoc.

Clarion Division. — Foxburg, Richey Run, Emlenton, St. Petersburg, Edenburg, and Shippensville. Commenced producing. — In 1866, name of first well not ascertained.

Bradford Division. — The " Northern Oil Field " of McEean county, Pennsylvania, and Cattaraugus county, New York. Commenced produc- ing. — In summer of 1868, Moses well. No. 3, about 5 barrels ; November, 1871, Foster Oil Company's well, No. I, about 10 barrels; December, 1874, Butt's well, No. 1, about 70 barrels; summer of 1875, Olmstead well.

Warren and Forest Division. — Warren, Stoneham, Clarendon, Cherry Grove, and Sheffield, in Warren county, and Balltown, Blue Jay, and Cooper districts, in Forest county. Commenced producing. — March, 1875, Beatty well, No. 1, at East Warren ; April, 1877,Grandin & Berry, No. l,at Ball- town ; summer of 1877, Hulings well, Blue Jay district ; January 12, 1878, Tolles, No. 1, Stoneham; June 24, 1880, Eagan, No. 1, Clarendon; April 1881, Magee A Horton, No. 1, south of Sheffield ; May 17, 1882, The Mys- tery,"Cherry Grove ; September 15, 1882, Shannon well, No. 1, Cooper tract.

Bullion Division. — Bullion run and its surroundings, in Yenango county. Commenced producing. — May, 1876, Phillips Brothers' well, No. 1.

Alleqant County Division. — Richburgh, Bolivar, Genesee, Alma, &c., in Allegany county, New York. Commended producing. — June, 1879, Triangle well, No. 2, about 4 barrels ; July, 1880, Triangle, No. 8, about 15 barrels; May, 1881, Richburgh, No. 1, about 35 barrels.

Leg. Doc.l

Petboleum.

St

2 § 25

5 o

si

of

Od

M O

a

a*- r© "3

S a

Ml

O

a 0.0

35=6

o

Is

SI§[ll$Sg§§888

a9iSS§S8§8$§iS8

8Si38SS|lgiSig§S

i3§s§SSg§g888Siii8S§

.SSSgggigSSSIsBggSgSS

.§§§§8SSSa§l§gg§S§333

o

r:

o

D O

s

ft4

e

O

gi§§gSg§gSSgi§§Sg§i8

M

©u

, tH 8

X(E86aBwwaQteaDtewsto9QtelQaQa&wa9SS

iNTBBNAL Afpahu — Industktal Statistios.

[No. 1 ,

Lum

S

H In

m

us in

M)

m

lU

m

Mb

M

n

a u

l,IH IM

M

n so

Moow

mnnM

I7,S87M

st,no<w

ni,saM

jIooom

B,Moa

I-W

I-W

l-W

H

l-W !-W

s-a

l-W

u-a

l-W

4- a

l-W

Ift-W

u-s

l-W l-W

2-W

l-W

l-W

as-s

n-W l-W

lU

M I, Dm

1,010

Mb

t,n8

1.M1

Im

a

H '

m

M

ua

I,Wi),01

100,000

uo.ooo

B.717,B7

i.n&oo a.Mo.ooo

7M.1M 1,410.000

i,Ht,aio

ii,i.aoo

.!:Ss:

7.ao,Mo

E,1U,Iu

ML toe

6,574,000

10. OalambU,

11. Omwfonl

U. IndkMU,

M.000

10. [.iiwrna,

SI. UcEtu

n. Hercer,

soimo' m.m,m

1,5,000

tfo.ocn

ati,ooo

TOoob

B,H4,701

SouBnet,

i,u,ooo

-776,000

M. UnlS,

n. Wunn

Mo. 300 1.000,000

1B,077,

H. WTonilD,,

m.ooo

Ml

E,Eao

H.iwi,TM(a

11. aM

1.M

M,su,ni

Lbq. Doc.]

Lumber.

Bee.

in the several countie8f aa compiled from reporte to the Bureau, /or December 81, 18S3.

K

m

Ash-feet.

Chestnut— feet.

Oak-feet.

Other lumber— feet.

a

Lath -thousands.

§

&

s

Oq

a

as

875,500

411,500

870,000

lOyOOO

800,000 2,678,167

1,425,000

562,447

21,640

800,000

2,125,000

428,282 1,000,000

68,000

820,000

1,000

261,000

88,000

106,000

2,000,000 028,850

820,122 4,879,006

1,124,500 588,000

728,000

88,885,212

1,800000

10,807,000

829,000

886,800

1,220,000

6,000

78,000

850,000

25,000

222; 000

4,000

567000

889,417 784,204

507,000 S,000

10,000

480,200 48,000

140,500 19,000

U,000 118,561

271,000

49,010

5,000

155,000

' 22,000

86,000

20,000

20O

87,400

84,000

6,217,000

1,800,080

8,268,107

866,880

5,844,687 500,000 200,271

4,008,000 H554

a&,ooo

IflO

245,800

1,000 1,000,000

210,687

25,000

1,625,404

16,778 140,000

1,080,500

50,000

1,800

825,000

4,061,680

4.060,400 1,265,750

495,400

4,800,000 800,000

811,188

122,000 2,848,000

56,000

500,000 280000

8,250,000 1,020,889

54,000

12,500

100,000

' 'l5k0bo

20,000

60,000

60,000

87,000

1,101,660

88,000

186,000

600,000

Ifi

1,000 130,870

5,000,000

10,000 480,827

85,000

25,000 120,707

8,000

106,000

80,000

8oo',obo*

2,402,824

5,629,000

880,000

800,000

48,700

80,000

200,000 20,706,000

1,145,000

50,000

85,650

89,788100

1,960,000

282,714

600,000

21,800

14,021,850

i 875, 640 138,000

' 1(9000 5,000

S

21,000

2,000

10,000

26,000

' '60,048 1,842,258

900,000

2,100,000

Sb

7,000

]S,0Co

2R

487,200

40,000

2T

10,000 26,000

2,804 1,047,494

SliOOO

2; 000

'45,000

2,669 875,000

220,000

' '7,888

50,000 8,200

1,514,470

481,187

n

2,819 400,000

125,000

185000

1,687

6,000 20,000

1,645,500 884,000 150,000

2,600,000

M

11,155,224

4,877,068

2,008,784

219,704 17,441,482

24,048,881

i49,2a6,m

64,877,819

17,422,507

6,889,798

3 Leo. Doc. No. 7.

Internal Affaibs — Industrial Statistics

[No. 7 ,

liUMBER.—

Couwtt.

Sin ear.

§

a

'I

o

s

?t

&-S

e

s

a

W4

.Oa

o

2§

a

H

d

H

a

&

► .

0M

H

k

O

O

O

h

U

A

a

p4

H

2;

A

1. Adams, . . .

2. Allegheny, .

5. Armstrong,

4. Beaver, . . .

6. Bedford, . .

6. Berks,

7. Blair. . . .

8. Bradford, . .

9. Backs, . . .

10. Butler, . . .

11. Cambria, . .

13. Cameron, . . IS. Carbon, . . .

14. Centre, . . .

15. Clarion, . .

16. Chester, . . .

17. Clearfield, .

18. Clinton, . . . U. Columbia, .

20. Crawford, .

21. Cnmberland,

22. Dauphin, . . 28. Delaware, .

24. Slk

25. Krie,

9B. Fayette, . . .

27. Forest, . . .

28. Franklin, . .

29. Fulton, . . . 80. Greene, . . tL Huntingdon,

82. IndUna, . .

88. Jefferson, . .

84. JuniaU, . .

88. Lackawanna,

86. Lancaster, .

87. Lawrence, .

88. Lehigh, . . .

89. Luzerne, . .

40. Lycoming, .

Uo

Im ]18

8U

20O

lU

11,200 00

05,414 07

1,960 00

7,075 00 2,194 60

2,702 80

103,676 00 21,564 64

1,560 00

27,587 42

4,170 00

1,600 00

28,888 04

15,875 01

6,072 60

98,838 05

24,068 75

26,468 06

17,647 68

7,646 00

1,880 00 1,480 00

18,42815

8,250 00

8,618 08

16,702 16

45,219 88

6,25120

11,875 00 7,79189

5,746 50

8,150 00

72,949 44

8-W

1-S

1-W

1-W

2-B

4-W

6-W

U2

6-W

6-W

Z-S

1-W

7-W

1-W

14-W

1-W

U-W

8-W

4-W

1-W

2-W

2-W

2-W

2-W

8-W

1-W

2-W

1-W

5-W

2-W

8-W

11-W

3-W

8-W

7-W

10-W

3-W

9-W

U-8

27,400

20,207,780

200,000 58,200

186,600

2,800,000 2,582,967

084,997

1,200,000

20,000

4,149,045

4,515,000

160,000

28,810,771

68,841

115,000

2,560,000

458,204

2,696,928

1,050,000

1,040,000 230,000

800,000

2,850,000 2,700

2,000

' 40,000

2,607,288

8,754,000

59,668

1,009,106 440,956

25,700 831,500

18,855,161

M O

o S

20,000

7,088,241

80,800

100,000 28,600

4,068,490 8,097,478

5,986,144

6,700,816

300,000

4,5U,708

1,225,000

14,699,851

145,000

80,000

2,610,000

495,680

1,1,085

1,100,000

8,880,000 8,200,000

472; 000

600,000

jLf 4ao,4B4

1L,7S1,000

1,440,575 491,872

1,000 3; 350; 000

26,062,812

LsG. Doo.]

Lubibsb.

{Saw-.1.9.

u

S

a

'3

s

11,000

20O 1,000

25,028

601,000

15,000

n,ooo

2H000 4S,000

Mr

10,600 41,000

10,000

a,ooo

10,500

S,280

10,000

fl,88S

5,Sw

1,600

2,200

6,869

.110,478 276,110

11,000

U0,604 10,000 26,600

19,220 U,000

887,000

7,000 11,004

140,000 78,000

2G0

6,700 170,000

14,083 47,600

10,000

109,020

24,000

00,780

60,000

1,200

8,000 64,006

44a 004

82,000 20,600

89,880

214,400

84,572 89,000

7,188

28,000

5,800

10,000 2,500

10,800

1,400

87,202

285,000

22,200

80,000 16,000

16,500

28,000

12,406

128,807

89,000

66,008

1,000

10,000

118,828

4 060,880

204,000

870,682

2,064,468 720,884

1,006,000

9,000 63,706

805,006

1,406,720

886,000

371,202

490,000

170,000

195,000

U7,4tt

482,945

164,518

6,000 72,000

648568

149,648

1,000

1,501,600

225,476

1,067,000

894,088

830,968

1,210,000 362,268 149,891

202,908

a

38,200

60,000

193,000

10,000 207,000

801,227

686,220 2,357,604

888,000 240,280

lioo.ooo

1,747,862 128,604 886,643 64,200 880,000

46,080

820,000

111,064

90,300

80,000

285,000

165,000

47,276

1,182,760 58,000

288,000

45,000

1,366,062

m

to a

o

A

O

bo

d

ifi at

800,000

400,000

300,000 1,095,350

20,000

208,000

2,179,881

100,000

16,816,600 894,886 110,000 106000 118,000 199,000

200,000 620,000

803,691

1,116,000 4,500,000

160,000

200,000

78,200

660,815

1,000

81,600

68,646

1,200 000 377,902

7,000 880,000

1,000,000

200,000

1,030,181

1,000,000 17,860

4,681.000 25,000

1,000,000

202,000

626,800

10,000

600,000 27,129

10,000

10,000

46,669

2,726,000

33,000

690,000 70,600

48,402 1,140,000

8,228,282

60,000

2,027,246 1,000,000

200,000

200,000

o

A

o

2,000

8,000

6,000

100,000

18,000

2.% 000 696,087

30,000

60,000

19,000

288,782

25,000

5,000 17,000

68,089

64,000

60,000

2,000

79,000

12,240 106,000

675,546

a

le

Intsbnal AFFAiBfr— Indctstbial Statistics.

[No. T ,

I<Umber—

Gouhtt.

M

a

feo

oSL

a

o

§1

g

%

a

r

0t0

g

o

A

O

g

o u

a

9;

A

41. McKean,

42. Mercer,

45. Mifflin,

44. Monroe,

46. Montour

46. Northampton, . . . .

47. Northnmberland, . .

48. Perry,

49. Philadelphia,

60. Potter,

61. SchaylkUl,

G2. Bnyder,

88. Somerset,

64. Bnlllyan

66. Snsqnehanna, . . . . 86. Tioga,

67. Venango,

68. Warren,

60. Washington, . . . .

60. Wayne,

61. Westmoreland, . . .

62. Wyoming,

68. York,

12s

U4

8,904

H7,897 10 8,018 80

'14,226*00'

16,680 00

1,066 20

78.406 U

9,776 80

88,802 80

10.768 60

1,886 00

6,250 00

7,626 70

6,860 00

14,164 80

48,814 00

4,240 60

8,796 00

18,186 25

11,016,194 12

1-W

4-S

1-W

8'S

1-W

8-W

2-W

1-W

1-W

8-W

1-W

6-W

8-W

8-W

12 -W 2-W

21-W

9-W

1-W

7-W 4-W 0-W

10 W

2B0-W

1T7

1,107,000

68,000

2,000 1,670.600

2,000

2,076,928

175,000

2,476,915

176,000

828,884

16,000

802,117

417,748

561,000

182,214

184,500

11,807 1,688 110,880,751

11,006,000 6Q.0Oo

671,000 400,000 810,000

l,770,01O 170,000

4,618.000 800,000 860,000

1,067,000 808,000

7,176,680 10.724,820

1,670,000

1,162,804

6,676,000 12,000

160,140.418

Lbq. Doc]

Continued.

Lumbeb.

3t

1,044,000 15,400

' ' Vcio

fi,000

4,000

4,000 287,500

28,850

15,000

88,825

196,075

2,000 1,800

1,260

s

.3

S

it o

u

a

s

O

S

O

882,200

145,000

2,600 2,600

15,000

1,000

10,480

50,000

00,000

12,615

28,000

272,001

197,188

17,000

57,506

4,000

112,000

41,220

51,000 110,000

72,600 15,000 25,000 1,248 21,500 15,000 10,000 20,000 10,000 106,005

217,708

41,400

80,000 60,000

1,000

27,427

62,900

45,000

101,208

5,000

1,900 10,000

15,000

1,000

8,000 90,000

6,800 2,888 2,000 2,460

2,000

7,600

1,600

2,000

788,000

15,000 180,000

202,000

152,100

8,464,125 280,000 785,587 10,000 815,000 168,500

8,678,828

91,795

200,810

80,000 48,000

76,000

2,020

1,0(,188

662,000

225,179

707,200

1,012,000

3,500 606,000

20,000

46,475

68,885

68,000

4,846,961

885,000 25,000

161,600 28,670

265,000 1,268,769

809,686

18,000 216,000

101,000

845,968

Km, 400

288,000

688,657 82,587,224

21,785,671

110,000 212,000

100,000

1,042.400 620,000

1,880,000

28,000

997,750

940,000

1,089,000 400,000

256,000

217,800

52,000

i 000,000

80,000

6,000

2,185,000

61,000

200,000

860,000

107,000

575,000

288,961

200,000

560,'000

1.846,000

150,000

58,800

18,116

828,000

84,000

87,466.814

86,861,842

e

?

1,720,000

888,000

200,000

a o

5,000

240,000

5,000

2,850

80,125

22,000

20,000

40,000

267,000

2,000

60,000

1,600

8,600

122,000 87,626

a

5,806,246 ,8,686,065

Internal ArFAiBU — Industiual Statistics.

[No. t ,

Tanneries.

TABIiB ahovying the number of Tanneries the produetiof, in the several countiee of Pei eylvania compiled from returns mcuie to the Bureau for the year ending December Sl tBS$,

County.

Adams,

Allegheny, . . . . Armstrong, . . .

Bejtver,

Bedford,

Berks,

Blair

Bradford,

Bucks,

Butler,

Cambria,

Cameron, . . . .

Carbon,

Centre,

Chester,

Clarion,

Clearfield, . . . .

Clinton,

Columbia, . . . . Crawford, . . . . Cumberland, . . .

Dauphin,

Elk

Erie,

Fayette,

Franklin, . . . .

Fulton,

Greene,

Huntingdon, . . . Indiana, . . . . .

Juniata,

Lackawanna, . . Lancaster, . . . . Lawrence, . . . . Lebanon, . . . .

Lehigh

Luzerne,

Lycoming, . . . .

McKean,

Mifflin,

Monroe,

Montgomery, . . Montour, . . . Northampton, . . Northumberland, Perry, . . . .

Philadelphia, . .

Pike

Potter

Schuylkill, . . . . Snyder, Somerset, . . . . Sullivan, . . . . Susquehanna, . .

Tioga

Union,

"Warren, . . . . Washington, . . Wayne, . . Westmoreland, . Wyoming, '. . . . York.

ToUl,

ca

S

o

a

U

e

u

o

Ob

7S

oa

a

o

Si

2oO

80O

a

d o

hi

p. .

a

s

&

a

m P,

a

o

a

&

11.750 00

257,379 12

8,750 00

64.522 75 42 260 51 59,884 00 12,485 00 16 563 06 81,458 60

26.930 26

4,750 00

28.344 00

54.270 00

4,250 00

22.077 80

12,006 75

14,788 62

58,325 00

41,720 04

4,499 01

2 74S80

1,800 00

48.188 15

6,612 00

22 810 00 83.522 00

6,156 00

84,148 00

11,886 00

129.415 32

16,600 00

8,224 00

40,800 00

8,980 00

8,48100

24.985 00

23 818 00 80,960 88

87,662 91

1,876 00

29,404 00

115.791 98

218,026 60

176.684 22

64,883 00

1,985 00

48,200 00

17,019 15

a o

u

s

a

O

128,086 00 1,648,683 47

26,500 00

1,068.410 00

242,880 00

290,494 00

726.000 00

48,100 00

2,500 00

265,86100

2S0 000 00

62 600 00 895 007 00

54 000 00

8,775 07

454.000 00

883,508 37

53,500 00 180 895 00 154 700 00 107,964 75 610,000 00 431.637 54

12.851 00

80,057 00

86,600 00

490,743 67

17.850 00

94 978 00

100.000 00

268,400 00

2,500 00

45,687 62

423,500 00

46,000 00

l,447,8r>8 83

170,000 00

85,100 00

655,000 00

66,500 00

7,600 00

29.900 00

845,910 00

245 450 00

608,072 92

928.000 00

108,011 12

8,700 00

18.000 00

445,200 00

861.840 00

1,828,000 00

29 600 00

1,860,000 00

14.200 00

728,000 00

81,000 00

885,100 00

199,600 00

5, 2, 115,843 52 taO,419,197 36 223,778 199, WD

o

a

20,700

19,881

2,460

1 S60

1,82S

1,270 2*969 1,550 2,068

1,046

8,025

16,408

91,202

4,995

2,815 2,880

2,100

7B0

2,664

2,001

iwi

1,822

1,073

1,800

1,910 8,760

a SS

o o

a

10,945 20O

4,000

6,632

9,000

12,012

2,020

6,165

1,615

8,200

7,700

4,560

11,600

6,880

86,500

68,025

68,200

18,700

12,260

Lbg. Doc.] Texthje Iin)UBTBn!& 89

Textile Industries.

T!ie following article on the textile interests of Philadelphia for the year 1883 was prepared for the Bureau By T. C. Sbaech, Esq., of thb Faib- MOUNT Worsted Mills, Philadelphia.

Probably not since the panic years of 1872-73 can the history of our tex- tile industries show such a variety of changes as have occurred during the past year; probably no year since that time has shown more gloomy periods and certainly none has had more disastrous changes.

The close of 1882 found our manufacturers well employed at profitable work, and general harmony prevailed throughout our industries. Our markets, both for raw and manufactured materials, had been more than ordmarily free from violent fluctuations; the margin of proflt, though small, was constant, a condition of affairs which has grown to be welcomed by the entire trade as the one most conducive to wealth and happiness.

The advent of 1883 was destined to change ail this. The effort to pass a new tariff bill unsettled the foundations of trade, and created general dis- trust thoughout the country ; prices drooped in sympathy with the general condition of affairs, and from the beginning of the year our manufacturers were vexed by circumstances which were more aggravating because the possibility and extent of their injurious effects were absolutely unknown.

The tariff bill of March 3 passed into law, and serious reductions had to be made in consequence ; as soon as the amount of these reductions could be comprehended, they were met b}- fixing corresponding rebates to stocks on band, and by the effort to purchase supplies at the correspondingly low rates. July 1, the date on which the new rate of duties went into effect, found the trade taking a hopeful view of the future, notwithstanding the heavy losses entailed by the reduction above described. Subsequently, many orders for woolen cloths were cancelled by the purchasers because of the change of duty which now enabled them to purchase at greater ad- vantage, and the manufacturers were compelled to sustain another serious loss ; one which thej' should never have been called upon to meet, since the goods had been fairly contracted for ata definite price, to be delivered at an ap- pointed time, and should have been taken by the purchasers, no matter what tariff or other changes not affecting the quality of the goods might have occurred prior to their delivery. In this case the manufacturer, acting in good faith, was compelled to buy his supplies for filling his contracts so as to insure their prompt fulfillment without regard to possible tariff changes.

This practice of cancelling bona fide contracts has grown to be such an abuse that it would seem the time cannot be far distant when manufacturers must unite for mutual protection, and institute some means, to not only save themselves from loss, but to protect those of their customers who con- sider their contracts sacred and always abide by their issue.

40 Internal Affaiks — Industrial Stati8tic& [No. 7,

The Carpet Trade.

Surface indications to those not specially interested in this branch of our industry would seem to show that the year had been a prosperous one to our carpet manufacturers. Several new mills have been erected, and the ability to turn out a larger product has marked the progress of several firms, but these changes were, in most instances, pre-determined and based upon the material prosperity which marked the trade at the close of 1 882, and it was largely from the profits of preceding years that the cost of these Im- provements was paid.

The system of conducting business which is in vogue among the carpet manufacturers, to a very large extent, is no doubt one great cause of their prosperity. Their goods are very largely sold direct from the mills, and the consequent sanng in commissions affords a fair margin of profit. Yet, notwithstanding this, some of our most prominent firms assert that the past year has been the worst in their experience.

For some years the manufacturers of this country have held the home market, but since July 1, 1883, the foreign manufacturers have shown their ability to enter our market and compete for a share of this trade.

We believe that in this competition our superiority will be maintained, but it is fortunate for the country and for the carpet manufacturer here that the latter had attained a strong position before the contest came.

In no other branch of textile manufacture, nor perhaps in any other in- dustry, can Philadelphia take so much pride as in her carpet trade, cer- tainly no other industry has so completely met the demands of the people ; the best cultured tastes can alwa's be satisfied, and there really remains no reason for importations of carpets as general floor coverings.

It is true that in the rug novelties there is yet a very considerable amount of importations, but even these have been steadily reduced by the con> tinned efforts at their reproduction here, and we have to-day some very prosperous establishments engaged in this branch of the industry.

As previously stated, the year has been one of general improvement in the means employed and consequently in the ability to manufacture, and we cannot do other than chronicle a general advance of this great interest.

HoBlerv*

No branch of our textile industry entered the year in a more depressed condition than this one. Competition, with the cheap labor of Germany, had long since driven our manufacturers into the production of that class of hosier 3' which is so largely dependent upon machinery, thus reducing the cost of labor to the lowest possible point, and, on the other hand, multi- plying the production enormously ; this rapidity of production soon stag- nates the market, and for the time creates general dissatisfaction with ruin- ous prices, and balances of loss instead of profit.

Under such circumstances the condition of this trade was anything but prosperous, and had not the Jersey "craze struck the country early in the

Leg. Doc] Textile Industbies. 41

year and turned many of our mills to the ])roduction of that garment, the season would have been one of bitter disappointment. As it was, the knit- goods trade passed from a long period of depression into unwonted activ- ity on account of the introduction of the fashionable Jersey.

This garment is produced almost wholly from fine worsted yams, and when our knit-goods manufacturers, who use largely of woolen and cotton yams in the production of their ordinary fabrics, entered the market for worsted, for a time the trade in these yams was enormous, and prices ad- vanced daily ; on the other hand, makers of the woolen and cotton yams suffered to a corresponding degree. Our knit-goods manufacturers, in many instances, doubled their force of workmen ; night and day work became a matter of common occurrence. Contracts for yams and contracts for goods were made for extraordinary amounts ; many predicted ultimate loss to the parties interested ; at last the climax was reached, and almost without warn- ing the trade became as lifeless as It was animated before. The year closed upon this new industry without its revealing any signs of life ; doubtless the Jersey " has retired from the line of novelties to hereafter take its place as one of the standard productions of the trade, and in this capacity is probably destined to be of immense value to this interest and to the country.

Owing to the recent dark periods in this industry, we can chronicle but few additions to the hosiery mills during the past year as compared with the years preceding, but on the whole, the manufacturers are in much bet- ter shape than at the beginning of the year.

The Yarn-Spinning Industry.

This branch includes the spinning of three kinds — worsted, woolen, and cotton yams — and of the three, the first is the only one that has shown any spirit during the year, the main cause of its activity being largely the cause of so much depression in the other two as before shown in the article on hosiery. The attention of our knitters was so largely drawn to the worsted Jersey fabrics that comparative neglect attended other fabrics for the time.

Philadelphia is now considered as much the home of the fine worsted yam trade in this country as Bradford is its native place in England.

The systems in use here are practically those in use there. The indus- try has shown a wonderful activity during the year, and a very large in- crease in machinery has to be chronicled with a prospective addition that cannot yet be fully estimated, but is known to be of great importance.

The English system of spinning has hitherto been used, and is the best understood by American manufacturers. Its productions are largely con- sumed by the manufacturers of men's wear and ladies' cloakings and by the hosiery trade. Only the longest and strongest wools are used of the vari- ous grades extending from the very finest down to the coarser qualities.

The year has witnessed the introduction of some verj fine worsted plants of French machinery — this is a new departure for our manufacturers, but

42 Internal Afvaibs — Indubtbial Statistics. [No. 7 ,

is a welcome one, as it diversifies our production by giving us a product from fine short wools that would otherwise pass into cheaper grades of goods. The yams of this manufacture have their special adaptation and uses for which there is no satisfactory substitute. Such goods, representing mainly soft stuffs adapted to ladies' wear, have hitherto been imported, but, with the advent of these new and admirably equipped spinning plants, we confidently expect to see these line of goods produced in our city and vicinity, and thus a new trade seems within the possibility of the near future.

It appears certain that when the mills now approaching organization are fully completed that this industry will enter into a very sluggish existence, as the supply will be so large that for a very considerable time there must be an ability to produce more than the markets can consume, and more particularly so inasmuch as the hand-knitting zephyr trade which had grown to be of very considerable importance under the operation of the old tariff, has almost wholly reverted to Europe since the change with tariff cut off by one of its unequal thrusts, twenty'-six cents per pound protection that had been formerly allowed on this article.

The Cotton Goods Trade.

The mills engaged in this line of goods have, during the year, shown varying degrees of activity. In the aggregate there has been a large num- ber of looms idle, owing to the plethoric condition of the market and the unsatisfactory margin of profit.

The branches of this trade probably most notably effected have been ginghams, cottonades, and low grades of cloth. In the higher grades a bet- ter condition of affairs has existed, but the absence of a strong, healthy life was more or less apparent throughout the year.

Greater Variety of Products and Textile Schools now Seeded.

The textile industry of Philadelphia is passing through a transition period.

For some years American manufacturers have been making nearly all the fabrics of lower grades that the country needed — few have been imported ; and it is in these branches that over-production most frequently occurs. Some of our most progressive manufacturers have turned their attention to the better grades ; and it is a significant fact that these are the ones who have been the most busy, in some instances running their mills day and night. On the other hand, wherever idle machinery was to be found, it was of that class which produced low grades of goods.

The South and West have made a strong bid for this latter class of trade, and in doing so they are only following the natural law of attempting to introduce in their home markets those trades requiring the least skill and most simple machinery. Thus there is an outside competition that has grown to be of wonderful strength, and which supplies a large market for cheap goods. Change of our labor direction is, therefore, urgently de- manded, and whether or not Philadelphia shall pass successfully through

Ex. Doc.] Textile iNrusTBiEa 48

this transition depends upon two conditions : Ability to obtain skilled labor and proper protection. In the best fabrics the great element of cost is skilled labor. The foreign manafacturer has this at a low price, and he has it trained for him in schools where ail his processes are thoroughly understood and systematically taught. Again, the cost of labor is so much higher here that we must have wise and proper protection afforded through our tariff laws. Unless the Philadelphia manufacturer can be placed upon an equal footing with his foreign competitor in both these particulars he wages an unequal contest. Whether or not he shall have a fair fight as regards the second depends upon Congress. That he shall not fail for want of the first depends largely upon himself; although we see no more reason that he should be called upon to bear all the expense of establishing schools for the training of his workmen than that those with whom he has to com* pete should bear the expense of the schools in which their labor is trained. Of course the textile manufacturers of Great Britain and Europe have contributed largely to the establishment of these schools, but the govern- ments and municipalities in which they exist have also contributed, and in some cases more largely than the manufacturers themselves. The public good is too largely concerned to require that a school of instruction and practice in all that pertains to the textile arts should be established en- tirely by those, and those only, who are engaged in textile manu&cture.

Without this transition can be made Philadelphia, will not expand in the line of textile manufacture in the coming decade as she has in the past. Many of our manufacturers in the past year made no improvements. They ran their mills with as little expense as possible for repairs or for new ma- chinery. It has been a year of economizing, endeavoring in many cases not to make a loss and not always succeeding. Some have been forced to retire; others have voluntarily done so.

It is very likely that the textile interest has suffered no more than many others, and it is hard to believe that the same energy and pluck which established and built up an industry which now produces nearly $100,000,000 worth of goods will not find a waj' out from under the depression which seems to have settled on many branches of it.

Social Condition*

Philadelphia holds a high rank as to the social condition of its working classes. Nowhere is good order and obedience to the laws of civilization more conspicuous than in our textile districts. If our city has marked merit in this respect, the reasons for it must exist, and they are very ap- parent.

Philadelphia is known throughout the world as the City of Homes, and the appellation is properly bestowed, for it is onl}'' here that one can see the laboring man in possession of a house which is, in almost every instance solely inhabited by himself and family. This trait has grown so strong with the present generation that it is very difficult to induce one family to share the building occupied by another. The result of such developments.

44 Intsbnal Affaibs — Industbial Statistics. [No. 7 ,

after a long series of years, dunng which the individual home has come to be considered a consecrated spot, has been .to strengthen the &mily tie, and, at the same time, to render possible home culture and proper develop- ment of a moral character rich in its constancy towards all that pertains to the making of good citizens. Their schools are well attended, and the grade of scholarship in them will compare very favorably with those of any other section of our city. The promotions to the advanced classes from, these districts are as frequent as from any other, while the senior classes stand high and invite comparison.

We believe that in no other city can so large a proportion of its working- men be found as actual owners of their own homes. A very large number of our one hundred and fifty thousand houses are owned by their occu- pants.

The building association has found here its most earnest advocates, and the strongest believers in its efficiency. Failures of these societies are rare indeed, which, of itself, speaks volumes for the judgment and intelligence of our working citizens, inasmuch as these organizations are, almost abso- lutely, managed and controlled by them. It is here the first principles of saving and economy are taught, and it is here that the first fruits of invest- ment of hard earnings looking for a stead}" income in the near fiiture are made apparent. Every man connected with these institutions, (and they are counted by thousands.) becomes a bulwark of strength to the commu- nity ; to him his duties as a citizen are presented with a power and forci- bility that only can be understood by those who own property within our corporate limits, and who feel that law, and order and enhanced security, must exist in a community which has so many representatives of tangible wealth.

Not a little of the great advancement before referred to, is directly due to the variety of labor needed and the great opportunity for its use, both made possible by our textile interests.

Baltimore gives employment in her shops and mills to 15 per cent, of her population; Boston, ]4|per cent. ; Brooklyn, 16 per cent.; New York, 17} per cent. ; while Philadelphia flimishes such work to 20 per cent, of her people. We attribute the difference to our large textile manufacturing interests, which afford so many opportunities for the employment of the younger members of families, making them producers instead of consum- ers, and their not inconsiderable earnings, united with those of the head of the family, enable all to enjoy the solid comforts of a home, while, at the same time, the children are trained in habits of industry and in an occupa- tion that shall afford them a livelihood in the future.

Instances there are without doubt of injury wrought in consequence of the variety of employment and the facility with which it is to be obtained. Children are sometimes found in mills that should be at school, but this is the exception rather than the rule, and as an objecting factor certainly is but a poor argument against the manifest blessings that are everywhere

Ex. Doc.] Textile iNDUSTRnsa 45

apparent. Crowded tenements are a curse to humanity, and wherever they exist the tendency is to lower> sespect for mankind and for the laws that govern them. Crime and brutality necessarily increase, and the pages of local-government history are stained by the very persons that in other con- ditions of home-life would have constituted a great source of strength.

The factory system is certainly not an unmixed good, but taken in con- nection with such a thoroughly appreciated home-life as we see exemplified in this city, it certainly appears in its most favorable light ; and since work is a necessary condition for civilized man, perhaps it cannot be obtained by the masses under conditions more elevating and enobling than are pre- sented here.

The greatest blessing that a nation can secure is abundance of employ- ment at remunerative wages for the entire number of its able-bodied citi- zens. Our Government has acted wisely in legislating so as to build up her industries, and this legislation should be continued so as to still further diversify her products and secure for her laboring people the ability to manufacture those articles in which labor forms the chief element of cost.

This city has been, and is yet, engaged in the production of those fabrics in the cost of which material enters more largely than labor. This policy has restricted the field for labor and rendered the demand for it more fluc- tuating.

It is comparatively easy, with the abundance of improved machinery, to flood the market with goods requiring but little labor in making them, and both manufacturers and laborers have, in many instances, suffered very greatly from over-production. Let labor receive the proper amount of pro- tection while producing the best grades of fabrics, and this city could very soon add to its great diversity of products another potent factor in secur- ing employment of a permanent character to a much larger per cent, of her X)opulation, and thus multiply those favorable features which now so dis- tinguish her from some other great cities.

Internal Affaibs — iNDasTRiAL Statistics.

[No. 7,

Ol

5

a

V S

u S

' r

I

s

n E4

*fpano<I JO Jiaqam

s

I 'paxntavj

-nmrai tp jtiX jo oaqmn

8f

'oiooi JO JiaQmnti

'a-

le

' saipa{ds JO joqamii

8 :

S

i' j9i oi|t flupnp saMM

tf

poXoiduid gaot -jad JO jaqmnu iiox

-Donvjodo ni sXvp i JO jaqutna altuaAy

qflnQVIta JO jaqmuN

Si

o

S

o (6

t

s

o

a

ti

8§s§s§s§i§s§§§§§§§§as

S

MOkMMie

g

§gfSI83§l§§g§§§ §§§Sg

sz

g

888S&Ss8Ss8888Sss8 S8

ss

s

8§

gi §§§ais§gsagssg

O

S

e

.a o

Qp4

Lbo. Doc.]

Textile Industries.

M

a

m

s

18,000

14,200

660,866

1,227,666

1,168,720

4,880,460

478,878

8.827,560

If

§

ir

if'

a'

f

Co

1 s

: g

§ §§§g§§g§g §§§§§§§s

s

i: Si

§g§8SSS8§

SS!IS8fl§i§l§il2gSS8asg§g§S

Si

ig|!g§$8§$

:8S88888 S88 ,

:M§§Si§ .9§g '

8888S8888Ss

. §gSI5§S§§ig

S'

8S888 .88H

Si IS-

1188,75179 40,000 00 86,88100 46,000 00

794.885 28

840.886 60 24,064 00 68,000 00

060,0680 46

§g§sgi8g§6iiiggisgiss§8sa

a

.S8SS[|g§gg

88gSS88§S

iH M M OQ T-i M 00

w5'

o

fl

P4

e

e

Q

Internal Affairs — Inbustrtal Statistics.

[No. 7 ,

a e

s

Gq

*ipiinotf JO jaqauK

si§§§g§§§§§§§§§§§§§g §§gi§§i§§igi§

'saoofd JO jaqmnji

*pejraioiill - spavX jo jaqmuH

*smooi JO xaquinii

aipoids JO jaqmnjii

'lW9l aqi IfOlinp 9989M.

pTsd unoora mox

8 : i

6,815 00 1,020,758 68

'paioidma snoe -jad JO jaqmnu mox

SiCvp JO jaqoina aftuaAT

: -.3 ".8 ; i -8 ;

:

: S 8 :

g§ : s i

-*a Jo aaqmnK j !!!!!!!

D

Yams.

Armstrong,

Bedford,

Berks,

Bucks,

Cambria,

Chester,

i;iarion,

Crawford,

Delaware,

Fayette,

Greene,

Jefferson.

if

n

Lehlgb,

Lucerne,

nercer,

Montgomery,

PhlUdAlnhla.

1 " Is,

M

1 (S(

LxQ. Doc.]

SiSISSSS! I

T1Xtii.E Insubtbus.

8889S S Iisiss

Xl S8 SS8

(i ii SOS

S ' Ss

! I Ie .

A 1

33;

ij i:

1:

1 Leo. Doc. No. T.

it it {111

i t tit

Internal Affairs — Industrial Statistics.

[No. T,

O

O

0S

fa

'spunod JO jaqmnn

8909id JO jaqmiiK

§g

ft

-nmai spuvX jo joqamif i

'flinooi JO joqmiiK

'9e(pa|d8 JO JOCianiK

ts

Is

s

§

*pXoidaid raoe -jod JO jdqmiia

&

JO Jidqunu oSji9AY

.'Otaooi

&

g

if

881!

r!

S

a€S5

§

§f

H

s

a'

s

s

g

§§§

a

s

Is

M

2 V

"la

6£

if

ft*

6Si

e

as a

PI Its

5

A

A

Leg. Doc.]

Textile Indtjstbjss.

'gpnaod JO jaqmax

'mMfd JO laqaxnn

'IMJintovj -nmia ap jI jo jaqoni k

'topo id JO 9niA

o

M

0S

Pq

*paXoidni9 nofl -jad JO joQamn nnox

JO jaqoina Jfj9AY

'aiaav

s

s

el

P4

.1

Internal Affairs — Industrial Statistics.

[No. 7,

onpojid JO 9iiiA

a

m

a

e

§§S8889S88

a

k S

t

'fpnnod JO laqnniii

;a§s s §s

i 8§

i%

*JIOJ pdUBOO

9iLM.iaqto 9on taoaid JO JiaqainH

8f

* JO JoqnniK

?5

o

H

&

H

Gq

Os

BQ b

la

Pi?

H

H

Ss8Sss

iSS IS

8§J§

§§§

Hi

tmooi JO Mqnnji

ftf§8'Stf

:iS

H-

;

: tf: :

§8 gs

8Ss§

if

E

ppid tanoim i)ox

;i:SSSsSSS8SS&ts888r:8S 8 S:88S?1SSS

g

*pdi[oidiiia snot -29d JO joqmnji

ISgg5SSSSS8gS8<iSi I S'gggSSi

itel-ti

V tt,ftt,f

JO aaqaniH

Sg9S8Sss

g

a

t

a

-

H

4s8sa

s

m

cs

Ok

a

Is

Ma"

a

,S3

9 B.5

Ex. Doc.] FiiOtiB-MiLLiNO Industbt. 58

Flour-Milling Industry.

The following article on the Flour-Milling Industry of Pennsylvania toae prepared for the Bureau by Thomas McFeelt, Philadelphia.

The flour-milling industry of Pennsylvania, at a very early date in the history of the State, took rank as one of the foremost manufacturing in- terests, and in that one particular placed our State second in the Union ; although the statistics are so incomplete that we cannot give any correct idea of how much flour was annually produced by the mills.

After the days of Oliver Evans, the manufacturing of flour continued for many years without any marked changes or improvements, and consisted in general of the following-described machinery and process :

The wheat from the gamers was taken to a rolling screen, made with a woven wire cylinder revolving slowly, the wheat passing in at one end and out at the other, the dust, dirt, &c., passing through the wire. This, at a later date, was followed by a smutter or scourer, which was generally con- structed with a perforated steel or iron cylinder, inside of which were re- volving arms or beaters that scoured the wheat and broke the smut grains, and the dust and scourings were removed by a fan connected with the ma- chine. From this the wheat passed to a French burr mill-stone and was ground fine; then passed through revolving reels, covered with silk cloth, and the finest and whitest of the flour taken out, while the coarse part often was sent off with the bran or hull of the wheat for feed. In some cases this coarse part was separated from the bran. It was then called shorts or middlings, and was again ground and bolted and made a low-grade or what was generally called superfine flour. This system continued general throughout the State until about 1860. Brush-machines or bran-dusters came into use in a few of the larger or better class of mills. These machines were constructed somewhat like the smut-machines, using revolving brushes inside the cylinders, the former to more thoroughly clean the wheat and take the beard or fuzz off the blossom end of the grain, and the latter to take off the fine particles of fiour that the mill-stone left adhering to the bran.

Following the introduction of these machines came a revolution in the entire process of manufacturing flour, while the credit is properly due to one of our Lancaster county millers for one of the most important of these improvements, he, as I am credibly informed, having constructed and used successfully for a number of years what is now universally known as the middlings purifier. These machines are used to cleanse or purify the before-mentioned coarse particles, (middlings,) and they are then reground and bolted, and instead of making the so-called superfine or low-grade flour they make a high grade or what is now generally called patent flour. Notwithstanding that this machine was used in this mill success AiUy, the

64 Internal Affairs — Industrial Statistics. [No. T,

neighboring mills did not adopt them, and it was left for the north-western mills to carry out and perfect these improvements. In I8Y0 and 1871, what was known and recognized as the new process was adopted by a few of the Minnesota mills, and from this it rapidly spread throughout the Union, and in a few years all the more progressive of the millers had adopted it. The process or system consisted of the same machinery used in the old process or old style milling, "now generally termed the low- grinding system;" and in addition the middlings purifiers were used. The rapid introduction of these machines had the tendency to stimulate inven- tion to such an extent that in 1880 hundreds of patents had been issued for improvements in this class of machines, and there were upwards of forty different machines on the market.

By the use of the purifier it was found that a large proportion of the middlings that formerly went into the low-grade flour or feed could be made into a high grade or patent flour, that was considered far better than the white starchy flour that was made from the first grinding of the wheat. Then followed a change in the mode of grinding. A new diamond ma- chine was invented, and by its use the face and furrows of the mill-stone were dressed and planed perfectly true and smooth ; and instead of grind- ing the wheat fine, so as to make a large quantity of flour at the first re- duction or grinding, the stone were set farther apart and what is known as high grinding adopted. By this method a much larger quantity of mid- dlings or semolino was obtained, and it being coarser it was much easier to cleanse or purify, and a much greater percentage as well as a better quality of high-grade or patent flour was obtained.

About 1877 some of our millers began experimenting with rolls on what was then known as the Hungarian or gradual-reduction system, and what is now termed the roller system ; and this is rapidly taking the place of all other systems of milling among our more progressive millers, and is used in about three thousand of the best mills in the United States. In the roller process the wheat is first thoroughly cleaned. It is then passed be- tween a pair of grooved or corrugated rolls. These are generally made of chilled-iron. These crush or split the grains. They are then passed through a reel covered with wire cloth and all the finer particles separated from the coarse. The latter is then passed between another pair of grooved rolls. This is called the second reduction, and the rolls have more or finer corrugations than the preceding pair, and are set a little nearer each other.

The product from these rolls is again passed through a reel and a sepa- ration made as before. The coarser portion is again taken to third pair of rolls with still finer corrugations and set still nearer together, and so on the process continues to the sixth or seventh pair of rolls, or until the flour and middlings is nearly all removed from the bran, and it is then finished by passing from the reel following the last pair of rolls to the bran-duster. Returning to the finer particles that have been separated by the reel fol- lowing each pair of rolls or reduction, as the miller terms it, this product

LiQ. Doc.] FhouBr-Miuisa Inddstkt. 65

ia Bent to what is called a ecal ping-reel, which separates it into three parts, the coarser of .which is passed between what is called the sizing-rolls, which are asually smooth chilled-iron or porcelain." This is again put through a wire or silk-covered reel, and the coarser part sent to the last reduction-roll or bran-duster, while the finer portion is returned again to the seal ping-reel. The second or medium product from this reel is sent to what is termed the first or coarse purifier ; the Soeat part is sent to the flouring reels proper, and all the finest that passes through the silk goes to the bakers or family flour. The coarser part, or middUugs.is now sent to a dusting and grading reel covered with silks to take out the fine flour that may still adhere to the middlings, and to separate the latter into the proper grades for the puri- fiers. After purifying, the middlings are sent to porcelain-grooved chilled- iron rolls, or to a smoothly dressed mill-stone, where it is ground or re- duced to flour. It is then sent to silk-covered reels, and any specks or im- purities remaining are separated from it, and the product is the high-grade or patent flour.

66 Internal AwAitte — iNDnsrarAL Statibtics. [No. 7 ,

In describing these different processes of milliag, I have mentioDed three of the newest and most important machines uaed in the improvement of the system, viz: The purifier, the diamond stone dressing- machine, and the rolls, or, as they are generally called, roller-mills.

The purifiers are usually made with a sieve connected with a rapidly re- volving shaft and eccentrics that give the sieve a re.iprocating motion. The middlings are fed to tlie sieve, and as it passes over it a current of air, supplied by a rapidly revolving fan, is foi-ced or drawn through the sieve, and this carries off the impurities and leaves the middlings comparatively pure. The process is much the same as the wind-mill seed-cleaning ma- chines commonly used by farmers for cleaning and separating grain, ex- cept that the dust and fuzz fi>om the purifier is blown into a dust-room or dust-catcher, and is used for feed or the better portion put into the low- grade fiour.

The diamond dressing-machine is used in the place of the old-time pick or stone hammer, and instead of leaving the mill-stone rough, it gives it a true smooth surface, which granulates more evenly than the rough unevenly dressed stone, and when the stone is used for grinding wheat it cuts tbe bran much less, thus insuring a whiter and more uniform flour. These machines are hand planers, and the tool or cutter used is carbon or black diamond.

Some idea of the difficulty of getting a machine accurate enough to do this worli can be formed when it is known that of over fifty machines that have been placed on the market only one proved satisfactory to (he Min- neapolis millers, and was adopted by all the mills in tbat city in 1878-9, and is now used by most of the merchant mills in our State.

Tbe roller-mills ircre originally a Swiss or Hungarian invention, and have been used by the larger mills in Buda Peath, Hungary, for a number of years. But it is only since they have l>een adopted by the millers of the United States that they have reached anything like a perfect machine.

The object to be obtained in a roller-mill is simply to get one or more pairs of rolls in a ftme. With a driving device to revolve each of the rolls of a pair towards the other at the top or upper side at varying differential

liKQ. Doc.] FLora-MnJiiNQ iKDOsraT. 51

Speeds, sad to have them at all times true, round and perfectly parallel. They muBt ako have an adjusting device by which they can be kept the proper distance apart, and a device for allowing them to separate quickly, in caae of a nail or any hard substance getting between them. For this pQrpoBe a spring is use<l,and in nearly all machines a spring is placed against the bearings at each end of the roll. They also have a device for adjusting at each end. To the practical mechanic the inefficiency of these devices will be at once apparent. As it would be almost an impossibility to get two springs set and controlled by lock or Jam-nuts to have the same uniform resistance; and if that was possible, it would require a skillful mechanic to adjust the rolls at each end separately and get them exactly the same distance apart, and keep them so when in operation. But, happily, these difficulties have been overcome, and the machines so improved that any ordinary miller can operate them.

The machine sbown in illustration is a double-roller mill, that is, two pairs of rollers in one fhime. It is a model of simplicity, and a glance will suffice to show the forked lever that carries the movable or adjusting roll and that only one device or screw and one movement is required to adjust thr rolls to a degree of nicety that is utterly impossible with rolls having separate bearings, springs, and adjusting devices. It will also be

58 Internal Affaib6 — Industrial Statistics. [No. T,

noticed that the bearings in the machine, if made in line, must remain so, thus always insuring a cool running journal and a great saving of power. The bearings of the back roll being in one casting, with a heavy connecting bar, keep them in line the same as the bearings of the adjustable roll.

In the foregoing [ have given a short description of three systems <tf milling that have been in use in our State during the past century, and in nearly, if not quite, all the mills the motive power was either water or steam. The oldest mill now running in the State is supposed to be that of A. J. Rice, near Jenkintown. This mill was built some time prior to 1715, and has been in continual operation as a flouring mill ever since, and in the summer of 1883 was remodeled to the roller system.

In the absence of any information in regard to the more primitive sys- tems of milling formerly in use in our State, I will give a short description and illustration of the mill where I received my first ideas of milling. This mill was built by my father about the year 1838 in the (at that time) wil- derness of Darke county, Ohio. It was situated at what was known as Seven-Mile prairie, and, when located, was supposed to be seven miles from Port Recovery, the scene of General St. Clair's defeat by the Indians.

The fort was so named from the fact that it was retaken by General An- thony Wayne, known in history as Mad Anthony Wayne. At the time of the building of this mill there were no settlers within two miles of it, and to the east and west was an unbroken forest for from ten to fifteen miles, and often at night in winter the hungry wolves would come, and, standing on their hind feet, look into the cabin window to see what the miller and his family had for supper.

The mill was a one-story round-log building, without any floor other than the earthen one, and on a raised platform in one corner was a mill- stone of the kind known as nigger-head or corn-crackers. This stone was about two feet in diameter, and was driven by a pinion gearing into a large wheel that was built around a white oak shaft that stood upright in the center of the mill. Through this shaft passed a lever to which were hitched the horses or oxen, as the case might be, to supply the motive power, with the addition of a box placed below the ston to catch the ground grain, and a ladder to enable the miller to carry the grist up to the hopper. The ma- chinery was complete, and the system was carried out by putting the grain in the hopper, starting the oxen and persuading them to keep going until the grist had passed through the stone and into the box below. If it was the miller grain, either com or wheat, rye or buckwheat, it was taken to the cabin near by, and my mother would sift or bolt it through a hand- sieve, and the finer part used to make bread. My aged mother has said to mc in the past year that the bread she made from that flour was as good and white as any we now get from our new process or roller-flour.

Some years after the erection of this mill an enterprising neighbor put up a bolting-reel at Fort Recovery, and the settlers would bring their grist of wheat, rye, or buckwheat to the mill, get it ground, put it on their

Geo. I,i.;v.\>r ,\j.-n Sons. 1"i.<

VK Mills. L,vxc- Ti*.

Leg. Doc.] Flour-Milling Industry. 59

horses, take it to Fort Kecoverj, and there feed it into the bolt with one hand while they would tarn the reel with the other. What toll the pro- prietor of the bolt exacted I am unable to say ; but the fact that some years later he was the owner of a more modem flouring mill would indicate that the business had been profitable.

From this picture we turn to the illustration of one of our modern mills, that of George Levan & Sons, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. This is one of the finest mills in the State, and has within a few years been operated under what is known now as the old style milling (the first mentioned in this article) and the new process, the mill having been entirely remodeled in- side and refitted with new machinery in 1880, and again changed to the roller process in the present year, 1884. The gentlemen comprising the firm are among the most enterprising millers of the State, and in improving their mill they have taken great pains and care to thoroughly post them- selves as to the best system and the best machinery for carrying it out and have made their purchases accordingly. Their mills are well worth a visit from any one interested in machinery or the manufacture of flour. The reputation of their flour has alwa3''S been good.

Mr. Landis Levan of this firm is the Secretary of our State Millers' As- sociation, which has the largest membership and its meetings are more largely attended than are those of any other State association. This is in a great measure due to the efficient and unremitting work of the secretary and president. Mr. B. F. Eisenberg, of the firm of Henry & Co., of Hunt- ingdon, has held the latter office for several years, and is also a thorough practical miller.

Until the past few years the flour from our mills had a world-wide repu- tation that was second to none. But the rapid improvement of the western, and north-western mills for a time placed them in advance. Our millers being more conservative, were slow to adopt the improved methods, but finding the flour from the West gradually encroaching on their home trade, a few of the leading mills were remodelled or new ones built on the roller system, and their success has demonstrated the fact that as good flour can be produced from our wheat as that from any State in the Union, if properly manufactured. I am satisfied, from personal observation, that our wheat, for the past ten years, has averaged far better and more uniform than that of any of the western or north-western States, and we especially have far less of damaged wheat, there being two good reasons for this : First, We do not have as many storms during harvest time, and when it does rain, the land, being generally rolling, soon dries. Second, The farms are smaller, and our farmers are well supplied with bams, so that they have every facility for taking care of their crops.

Our mill owners are now fully awakened to the fact that they must im- prove their mills or lose all their trade, and the changing of their mills to the roller system is rapidly ;oing on, so that in. a yearpr two, at farthest, we may expect the bulk of our flour to be again equal to any in the market.

60 Internal AffAiBS — Industrial Statistics. [No. T ,

The facts that we have fw very large mills like those at St. Louis and Min- neapolis, and the price of the offal being about three times hfsrQ what they get in the West, and the supply of home-grown wheat being nearly equal to the demand of the mills, make the outlook exceedingly bright for those that have their mills fitted up to make a brand of flour that will secure to them the local trade of their neighborhood and give them a chance to com- pete in the markets, so that they may be able to sell their surplus at a profit. Our mill buildings are generally substantial stone and brick structures, and are well adapted for the placing of the new machinery necessary to place them on the roller system.

Lbq. Doc.]

Floub-Miluno Tndustbt.

t ti

Est

2

5f

It

n

siaqsnq-Jniol 1 -ojoj aqi OT papnioai pa saivifl Jaqio m04j po9JOd -mt upui JO noiodoj

vci p|wl tunomv t*9ox

8Sa8888S8S88S88nS88S88888S88S88S3

SI§SI§SS8iS§8SS§lg8iSISI9§g6IISil

peioidon svosjad JO jaqoina itoji

JO joqmnu aSexaA y

8g§a8S8&8&S8S8!i8Siiegg88S8SS88aS§a

-nmiui anog jo lanomy

§l8iSSSi83Si9S8SSgi888§8Si§§SS8g8

8S888SS8SeSSii9iS8S§§&8§§i8iS§l8S

'mnM

Sa8iil8S8838i§§8S§a88i9§88S8g8ig8

1 'fliaqtnq jx\

'JiUML pm nnas

'Miiod-ma98

-aatvii aain snia> JO jaqmnjK

JO S10S JO jaqnraK

'sanos JO jo aaqmnir

SSS*aS§SaS-5g888S8gSflS8S-36SI5S3

sinnjoiaqmnK

8ti8a8g88flna'a8g88atsa8a**8is '81189914

Adams, . . Allegheny, Armstrong, Bearer, Bedford, . Berks, . . . Blair, . . . Bradford, . , . . Bntler, . , Cambria, . Cameron, . Carbon, . . Centre, . Chester, . , Clarion, . Clearfield, . Clinton, . . Colombia, Crawford, Cnmberlan< Dauphin, . Delaware, . Elk, . . . Erie, . . . Fayette, . Forest, . Franklin, . Fulton, . , Greene, . Hnnttngdo: Indiana, . . Jefferson, .

Internal Aftaibs — Industrial Statistics.

[Net,

s

a e

;;

H

Q pes

— SaioSaioj aq ii| popup I -ni pa 99m6 aaqto mojj pe)4oda| JO uonodoji

'9aMm a) ppid nnoiiiv mo

'poXoid -ma laosaad jo jaqmau iiox

bXp jo jaqoina aSvaoAy

'siaxraq pajnt -oijnuvax aaog jo tunomy

(Bo

' hO OK

I So

I '5 po

I

'u|j8 jaqto iiy

@S§i§8SiSS gfggS g8§§§8g§l8gg

88SS8S88ag88{iaS8;888S8S889888

8l§IS{!8i§S§SS9SI8$8l§gS§Sg3S§S

R9S98i8{!''ett9S7i{gs3*f:88S88a9:(8

giissEggsssssssgSesasgsassasgss

ii8a§g888S§§§gSgSgSEgiS88§

SiS8i8§§SS§SSSgi§§8ii8SiiSSg§g

S§gSI8g§g8§il§S8gSgg8S8i§8§3§8

sgS§SS8g885Siag88gs|82Ssag8gsg

a

I b

' jattiM pm vvatfl

*2aiiod nvag

'jaitiM. Saitn Bnim JO jaqoin k

*0|ioj JO 0)as JO joqaiiK

saaoB JO ffQiij JO jaqmii K

'inni JO jaqmnii

!S

i£i8§S&8ggS83SgSSgSS8Sag89a&SS&8g

a

Leg. Doc.]

Floue-Milling Industry.

00 ?.

8 ®

si S ®

§:

go

S

S

9S8g

8§Si

S8§g

at

If

Ses8

§

S

Sesas

egBS

§

S8S§

g

S

a M

I: o

o

Co.

I O 9

o

go

hot! ► £

Intkbnal ArFAiKS — iNDUsraiAL Statistics.

fNcT,

Breweries.

TABI<E shofoinff the number of BrewerieSt the production, etc,, in the eevercU eoun- ties of Pennsylvania, compiled from retume made to the Bureau for the year ending December SI, 188S,

a

%

t

o

So

la

80O

Total number of persons employed.

Total amount paid in wages during the year.

Amouitt of Raw Matbxtal

o

Number of barrels (31 gal- beer, ale, and portor

OotfllTT.

§1

Allegheny, . . Beaver,

Berks,

Blair, Bradford, . . . Osmbrla, . . . Carbon, Centre, Clarion, Clearfleld, . . Clinton, Crawford, . . Dauphin, . . .

Elk, .

Erie,

Franklin, . . . Indiana, Jefferson, . . . Lackawanna, . Lancaster, . . Lawrence, . . Lehigh, Luxeme, . . . Lycoming, . . McKean, . . .

Mifflin,

Monroe, Montgomery, . Montour, . . . Northampton, Northumberlai Philadelphia, . Potter, . . . Schuylkill, . . Venango, . . . Warren, Washington, . Wayne, . . . Westmoreland York

1

1,888

|3B1,968 60 8,604 00

44,958 75 6,874 00 8,600 00 1,500 00 1,670 00 1,800 00

12,812 00 9,58178 1,080 00

28,660 00 1,006 00 2,770 00

26,620 00 8,100 00 4,020 00 6,880 00

83,64181

8,066 00

1,000 00

' 4,287 00

2,725 00

48.874 64

2,880 00

851,400 00

44,426 01

8,080 00

4,500 00

6,746 00

2,546 00

627,807

122,851

12,474 1,146

22,628 2,000 1,660 5,241

21,244

82,196 2,800

77,058

1,296

1,868

102,827

16,345

92,791

20,612

1,250

1,212

12,810

43,800

7,100

2,814.886

1,011

102,561

8,821

12,000

' 18,661

2,600

10,117

1,182,288 6,500

' 05,600

' 28,080

1,900

' 21.200

762,600 ' 88,045

409,700 3,566

76,186

6,867

1,000

8,950

17,200

24,884

1,800

48,676

1,160

i.m

8,500

17,743

6,000

10,750

62,548

9,717

2,750

29,160

3,900

1,745,096

7,000

' 11,804

6,887

6,826 ' '6,780

1,440 82,400

18,620 10,800

1,162

a .

1,100

6,760 481,88

no, 896 3,460

16,640

268,060

3,007

61, Uo

4,287

7,146

7,648

U,985

1,109

83,767

1,774

40,904

9,690

3,600

7,782

41,786

'S

6,494

1,829

18,460

3,400

1,068,883

48,148

1,806

3,700

1,000 8,066

Total

11,418,718 91

3,780,247

2.128,048 2.680.069

921,811

1,670,888

'

Lbq. Doc.]

DiBTILLEBIES.

Distilleries.

TABIiE showing the number of Distillerieaf number of employ amount of grain used, number of barrels of liquor manufactured, etc., compiled from returns made to the Bureau for the year ending December SU I884,

County.

A

%

u

a

►t a o

5S I 04.

u

p fl

Ps

a

p

Si

s

a

Ph

erP

a

s

Allegheny . . . Bedford* . . . . Berki,

Centre, . . . . . Camberl&nd, . . Dauphin, . . . Fayette, . . . . Franklin, . . .

Greene,

HantlDgdon, . Indiana, . . . , Lancaster, . . . Lebanon, . . . .

Letalgh,

Lycoming, . . . Montour, . . . . Fblladelphla, . Somerset, . . , Union, . . , Washington, . Westmoreland, York,

Total, ...

U

f41,908 75

8,408 00

88,425 80 1,575 48 2,120 00 1,660 00

4S7 00 1,885 00

14,000 00

1,05125

8,500 00

fll7,225 70

184,400

10,794

8.60O

27,015

2,400

8,412

8,620

107,848

10,125

10,229

14,140

1,179

8,500

1,424

8,960

2,688

Apples, 889

8,119

47,228

4,270

4,788

8,452

M4

U,818

12,266

1,160

Apples, 889

455,189

80,21U

Bye whisky. Rye whisky. Whisky and co<

logne spirits. Whisky. Whisky. Whisky. Whisky. Whisky. Whisky. Whisky. Whisky. Whisky. Whisky. Apple brandy. Whisky. Whisky. Whisky. Whisky. Whisky. Whisky. WhUky. Whisky.

Bottles used, 1,224

6 Leg. Doc. No. 7.

66 Internal Affairs — Industrial Statistics. [No. T ,

Slate Iisdustry.

By S. L. FiSLER, Esq., Secretary of Slate Exchange of Lehigh and North- ampton countieSj for the Bureau of Industrial Statistics.

I have the honor to submit the following report upon the slate mining and manufacturing industry of the State :

This industry, if reference is made to the date of its birth, is almost an octogenarian, yet it is merely in its infancy as to recent phenomenal de- velopment and its promise of future growth.

The tentative character of the earlier efforts at slate mining, the imper- fection of records, and the lapse of time render the securing of accurate data well nigh impossible. All that can be done now is to approximate the truth and look to future investigation for greater accuracy relative to its early history.

The slate formation, which is destined to prove a source of immense wealth to the State, lies immediately south of the Blue Ridge and almost parallel with the mountain, extending from the Delaware river, on the east, westward to about the center of Lehigh county. The surface of the coun- try through which the slate-beds pass is thrown into ridges parallel to the mountain, which are broken through at intervals by small streams whose sides reveal the outcrop of the slate-rock. The entire dimensions of the formation are about forty-five miles long by from six to thirteen miles wide, the southern side of it, most distant from the mountain, sloping and shading off into the contiguous limestone formation.

Of this slate formation, the best informed of the practical and observing operators are inclined to the belief that thirty miles in length and from two to three miles in width include the cream of the easily -worked and profit- able roofing and school slate-beds. That part nearest the mountain, as well as that nearest the limestone, has either lost some quality or received some admixture of foreign substances which interferes with the reed or fine splitting qualities, which are the essential of good slate.

The region thus outlined is divided into three districts known, respect- ively, to the trade as Bangor, Pen Argyl, and Slatington districts. The first has for its commercial center the borough of Bangor, a thriving and rapidly growing town, whose almost marvelous development reminds one of the mining towns of the western States, with the exception that every- thing about it indicates that it has come to stay, and that it will not, like so many of its sister cities of the west, fold its domestic tents and, like the

Leg. Doc] Slate Induetby. 6T

A.rab3, steal away under the cover of a night. The second or Pen Argyl district has for its commercial center the flourishing town of Pen Argyll whos3 growth within the past year fairly rivals that of Bangor, houses, stores, churches, schools, springing up as by magic, indicative of its present and promise of future prosperity. The third district has for its commer- cial center the town of Slatington, on the river Lehigh, whose past devel- opment, present growth, and domestic comfort are alike due to the sur- rounding slate industry.*

These districts are not merely artificial divisions for the convenience of the trade, but are more or less sharply defined by the topography of the country. The slate in each is also marked by certain definite characteris- tics, which it does not come within the scope of this report to discuss. SufiQce it to say that each is good in its way, and no one of them can claim a monopoly of the market, since the entire product of each is consumed.

The first slate mined in the region was near the Water Gap, on the Delaware river, in 1805. The enterprise did not prove a success from the fact that shingles were plenty and cheap, and habit and prejudice had to be conquered ere the mining could become remuneratiA'e. As coal, when first mined, found but few friends, and those to whom it was offered were indig- nant that they should be expected to use stone as fuel,' so there were those who scouted the idea of roofing with stone shingles.*'

The failure of the first effort, however, did not deter others from pursu- ing the new industry, and one opening after another was made, and the manufacturing tried with varying degrees of suocess for a period of nearly forty years. The want of experience in developing the openings, the lack of skill in manufacturing and properly applying the material, the prejudice against it and the absence of a recognized necessity' for anything other than shingle roofs, rendered all these early enterprises more or less abortive, thus paralleling the experience of most industries in the earlier stages of their development.

In 1844. some Welsh miners opened a quarry towards the west end of the slate belt east of the Lehigh river near Slatington, and by dint of effort secured a market for their slate. Other openings soon followed in this locality, and were operated with varying degrees of success. The want of an active stimulating demand, and the difficulty of either reaching or se- curing an extended market in those days, were the chief obstacles to remu- nerative operations. The Lehigh canal, and the Lehigh Valley railroad, however, gave the Slatington district the advantages of transportation, at a much earlier date than were enjoyed by the other districts, and consequently stimulated development there much more rapidly than elsewhere.

The first quarry in the Pen Argyl district was opened about the year 1854. A little subsequent to this an opening was also made at East Ban-

Note. —This district is regarded, for the purposes of this report, as embracing the quarries about Chapmansyille, which is another prosperous center of slate-mining and manufacturing interests.

68 Internal Affaibs — Industrial Statistics. [No. T ,

gor, and the rich deposits of these districts thereby revealed. Other open- ings soon followed, bat the want of transportation facilities retarded the development of those districts for a long time. The product of each had. to be carted many miles in order to reach either railroad or water trans- portation, which added materially to the cost of putting the product upon the market.

During the period of the war, the high price of slate, in common with other commodities, measurably reduced the difficulty of placing them upon the market at remunerative rates. Under the stimulus thus received, the attention of capitalists began to be directed to these regions. The want of railroad facilities was recognized, and the construction of one had, in fact, been determined upon, when the panic of 1873 arrested all further progress for a time. As soon, however, as business revived, the old interest was awakened, many new quarries were opened, and the necessity for railroad facilities was again agitated. The result was the construction of the Ban- gor and Portland road, extending from its junction with the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western railroad at Portland, westward through both the Bangor and Pen Argyl districts, and the construction of the Lehigh and Lackawanna road, extending from its junction with the Lehigh Valley and the Philadelphia and Reading railroads at Bethlehem, through the Pen Argyl into the Bangor district, thus opening up to each transportation by two different routes, connecting them with the great slate markets of the country, and placing them, for the first time in their history, upon an equal footing with the Slatington district.

The effect of this access to the outside world has been most marked in those districts, causing a large influx of capital, the development of numer- ous new industries, the accession of large numbers of people to their re- spective populations, and great development of the material resources of the State.

Turning from these generic statements and fixing our attention upon the individual districts, we note, in contrast with the small beginnings indi- cated, the present state of the industry in each. The whole number of quarries or openings in the Slatington region, in a greater or less state of development, and producing a marketable product each 3'ear, is about fifty, having an invested capital of not less than $2,000 ,000, and employing about one thousand men. Their joint output for the past year, as near as can be ascertained, was about one hundred and fifty-five thousand squares of roof ing-slate, three thousand two hundred cases of school-slate, three thousand four hundred cases of blackboards, together with large quantities of flag- ging, mantels, &c.

In the Pen Argyl region the number of quarries is from twelve to fifteen, with new ones constantly being opened. The capital invested aggregates upwards of $650,000. About four hundred and fifty men are employed in mining and manufacturing. The output from this district, during the past year, was fifty-three thousand three hundred and forty-seven squares of

Leg. Doc]

Slate Industry.

rooflng-slate. But little has been done there, as yet, in the manafacture of school-slate, blackboards, and flagging.

In the Bangor district there are some twenty quarries, with more or less development. These represent an aggregate of $1,000,000 of invested capi- tal, and employ seven hundred and fifty men. The output, during the past year, was one hundred and thirty thousand four hundred and twenty-eight squares of roofing-slate, and one million five hundred thousand school-slates. But little has yet been done in the manufacture of blackboards and flagging, though machinery for the purpose is now being introduced.

To summarize briefly the foregoing, as to the facts and product common to each district, we have the following exhibit of the quarries in operation, the capital invested, the men employed, and the output of manuctured material during the past year, viz :

NUBfBtoR QUARRIES.

Amount of oapltaL

Men em- ployed.

Roofln-slate output, 188S.

Slatington district,

Pen Argol district,

Bangor district,

92,000,000

650,000

1,000,000

1,000

155,000 squares.

Total

93,650,000

2,200

388,775 squares.

The average wages paid to the different classes of employ in the mining and manufacture of slate is about as follows : To boss-quarry men, A-om $2 25 to $2 75 per day ; to block-makers, from $1 80 to $2 00 ; to splitters, from $1 75 to $2 25; to laborers, from $1 20 to $1 50.

The prices for best Xo. 1 roofing-slate at the quarries during the past year were as follows :

24-inch and 22.inch, $3 85

20-inch and 18-iueh, 4 00

16-inch, 4 25

14-inch, 4 00

12-inch, 3 50

Such, in brief, is the past history of the slate industry of the State and its present healthy status.

It is scarcely the province of reports to indulge in prophecies, yet it is hardly possible to refrain from indicating what will be the probable future developments of this great industry, which, from small beginnings, has at- tained such marked prominence within the past few years.

Whatever may have been the prejudices against slate as a roofing ma- terial in the early days of its discovery in this country, they have now practically vanished. Its cheapness and durability, since it costs less and lasts longer than either shingles, tin, or iron, commend it, upon the score of economy, to thoughtful observers wherever it is introduced. Its deep, rich, uniform blue color contributes much to the beauty of all buildings,

70 Internal A.ffaibs — Industrial Statistics. [No. 7 ,

the roofs of which are exposed to view. Its resistance to fire renders it preferable to tin, the soldered joints of which melt under excessive heat, or corrugated iron which warps and curls, whilst slate resists both heat and flames. This latter quality so commends it to fire insurance companies that a very considerable reduction of prenyum is made in favor of slate roofs. Then the maintenance of repairs on a good slate roof is much less than that upon roofs of any other material. It is not rusted by the mois- ture of the atmosphere, and hence does not need the frequent application of paints for its protection, like metal roofs. Being itself a mineral rock, it stands in no need of artificial aids to prevent its decay.

Then, in those regions which are dependent largely upon cisterns for their supply of water for domestic purposes, it is growing in constant apprecia- tion. Water gathered from slate roofs being entirely free from the paint deposits which come from iron and tin roofs, and from the decayed wood and vegetable matter incident to old shingle roofs, is always clean, pure, and sweet.

The foregoing qualities, which are the 6b\ ious characteristics of good slate, commend the material more and more to public favor, and are open- ing up for it extended markets in the far West where, as yet, there is no scarcity of timber, and where wooden shingles are still in abundance. Each year marks a growing demand for slate, and all the quarries are taxed to their utmost capacity to meet the requirements, whilst new markets, that might be opened for it, are left untouched.

Nor is it simply for roofing purposes that the demand for this material is growing. Its close-grained texture, rendering it impervious to water or moisture, is bringing it into prominence for lintels, window-sills, pavements, tiles, steps, &c., whilst its resistance to heat commends it for mantels, hearths, register frames, and all that class of architectural work where buch absolutely incombustible material is required.

Nor is the demand for it confined to domestic consumption. The exports grow larger year by year. When the freights admit, slate are frequently shipped to England, notwithstanding the wealth and extent of her own slate mines in Wales, and to the various commercial ports in Europe. The shipments to Australia are constant. Japan is recognizing the superiorit}' of slate as a roofing material, and a number of shipments were made the past year to Yokohama, so that it is not an exaggeration to say that the civilized world is opening up to the slate trade.

With a growing home market, which is destined to develop with an ever- increasing rapidity, as the country becomes more thickly settled, and the supply of timber constantly diminishes, it is scarcely possible to set a limit to the future demand for slate, for roofing purposes alone, in our own land, to say nothing of the growing demand in foreign countries.

If we consider the comparatively limited area of the slate formation, so far as it has yet been discovered, it being confined chiefly to the Atlantic seaboard of the country, along that mountain chain designated in our own

Lbg. Doa]

Slate Industries.

n

State an the Blue ridge, and note that its workable areas are confined chiefly to the States of Maine, Vermont, and our own, Pennsylvania, and further recognize the fact that the areas in these States are quite limited, it re- quires no prophetic knowledge to see that the course of the slate industry is going to parallel that of coal in the later as well as in the earlier history of its development. Its workable deposits are going to grow more and more valuable, and as the demand for slate becomes greater, the remuner- tion to invested capital will constantly increase. Nothing is hazarded, therefore, in the prediction that the time will speedily come when the Key- stone State will be quite as proud of her slate deposits as she now is of her coal, and her wealth will be augmented by the one quite as much as by the other.

SliATE.

Th£ following table is compiled from the returns mtide to the Bureau for

the year ending December Sl 1883,

Oounty.

LehlRh, . . . Northampton, York,

S

a

o

B

ja

s

o

a

fl

d

o

K

O

Wi

hi

o

Js

M

a .

Ss

sk

SfS

Bo

Vq,

S"

1,5&I

2M

2,864

-a

fit

a

d o

a

|251,Ai8 69

616.008 48

28,486 28

1891,084 40

d w

S,

H

72,560

282,149

6,788

811,606

xa

d

Si

s

1,288,878 8,560,178

4,852,554

k

d

o

§-3d 7S

1,838,101 Fence posts, 600

Fence posts, 600 1,888,101

o

s

d

Hi

Pieces. 1,000

122,601

21,800

Pieces, 1,000 Feet, 144,401

The Slate Quarries of Southern Pennsylvania.

The Slate industries of Southern Pennsylvania is confined exclusively to the southern border of York county, on the Maryland State line, near the right bank of the Susquehanna river, in the immediate vicinity of the town of Delta, Peach Bottom township, York county. This borough is situated about thirty-three miles south-east of the town of York. The quar- ries do not extend to the river bank, but are located in the region that is commonly known as the " Peach Bottom Slate District." This district in- cludes part of Lancaster county, bordering on York, and also Peach Bot- tom township, in York county, and Dublin district, Harford county, Mary- land. The Lancaster county quarries have generally been abandoned, but in York county there are five in operation at present, and eight on the Maryland side. The ridge extends three or four miles in a south-westerly direction, and about one half mile south of Delta. This borough lies on

72 Intebnal Affaibs — Industrial Statistics. [No. T 9

the slope of the slate ridge, which is neither high nor steep, but preserTea a rather uniform outline as far as it can be followed by the eye from the valley below. Delta, at no distant day, is destined to be a considerable town. Its inhabitants are progressive and intelligent, and are fully alive to the importance of the slate industry; but, unfortunately, do not possess the capital commensurate with their energy and pluck. The Delia Herald an excellent paper, has been efllcient in advancing the slate industry in this locality. The Peach Bottom railroad (narrow gauge) passes alongside of the town, and extends to the village of Peach Bottom, on the Susquehanna river ; and a narrow gauge road from Baltimore, has recently been com- pleted, which forms a junction with the above at Delta, affording ample fa- cilities for the shipment of slate. The village of West Bangor, also in York county, contains about two hundred inhabitants, and lies on the ridge be- tween the Pennsylvania and Maryland quarries, and the majority of the operators and employ reside in this State and in the towns above named.

The slate mined and manufactured in this district is only used for roofing purposes, and has the reputation of being the best in the country, if not in the world. It retains its color uniformly until it is worn out, and is said to be so ductile as not to splinter when being punched, only sufficient to leave a countersink for head of nail. Another advantage claimed for this slate is that it has the power of resisting frost and sun. It has been found on houses that had been roofed upwai'ds of sixty years in as good state as when put on, excepting that it had worn thinner.

The accompanying lithographs show a description of Moore A McLaugh- lin's quarry, in York county. No. 1 shows the surface, with derricks, en- gine-house, and shop where slate is split and manufactured for market. No. 2 shows the quarry at a depth of forty-five feet, through a solid rock, or " Big Joint," as it is termed, which covers the slate formation. The slate is described on the plate, beneath where the men are standing, and dips in a southerly direction from north-east to south-west. The bureau is indebted to Mr. Robert L. Jones and Messrs. Mooi*e & McLaughlin for their courtesy in furnishing much valuable information and in exhibiting their works.

a:MaAUGHLIN)DELTA,YORK CD.

Leo. Doc]

Manupaotukes — M1Bcxlianbod8.

Man Ufact0Ebs— Miscellaneous.

A STATEIMENT 0/ Sfiaeettaneoai TndtulrUt, ahoutnff the number of pertoni em . ployed, value of produelxon, etc., compiled from relume made lo lAit offiee, ele., for- the year ending December SI, 1S33.

Acrlsaltaml laktileBunt*.

Oocwtt.

S

at

S

g

Armalrani, .

g%5W::: Buok., : . . .

.

ColoBbl.,' CBmlwUnd,

FrmnkUB. . . . Lancuwr, . .

Tori,

MB Ml

n

Kl

m

Ob

a

w

in

n.MOM

akwod M.nsu

i.mas M.iniiw

1Mi7H3

low TO

solsaoao i>.Moao

nisooo

Iossoo

sLaiOflo

mi, wo 00

I.M tana; UOniawertMdU,00(l plow*, wplow*.

1.000 ondlM.

doun forki.

fn,IB7 i( |t,M,MI w.m|rlculUnUinplein.BM.

Alr-Bnka*.

tmOOO 00 'tt,W>.<M) 00 Axea, Bwa, *e.

"7

M

n7

poo. m TO

tes-mn

i!i

FbllulclpliU,

UWl.

"

|Mt,fXM

Intebnax Affairs — Industrial Statistics.

[No. 7,

MANUFACTURES— MiaCEIiliANEOUS—Coutinaed.

Baskets.

County.

g

sr

a

o

B

u

%

t

number employe

a

s

-a

►

o

H

©a

3!

Amount of goods manufketnred, not otherwise accounted for.

PhiladeipbU, York

im

1,040 00

|i,flaooo

11,748 00 6,000 00

16,748 00

Batlk-Tv,lBS and Boilers.

Philadelphia,

118,628 71

flOO.OOO 00

Belts and Hose.

Allegheny, . Delaware, . Lycoming, . Philadelphia,

fU,700 00

8,640 00

4,488 87

2B,207 00

f45,080 87

190,000 00 18.600 00 40,000 00

283,640 44

1427,140 44

Delaware, . Philadelphia,

Bobbins and Spools.

92,400 00 8,740 00

16,140 00

Allegheny,

Berks, .

Lancaster, . Philadelphia,

Bolts and .

1,482

1175,898 85

58 985 77

18,000 00

883,407 06

1580,742 07

1275,000 00

60,000 00 1,410,888 48

11,686,838 48

2,452 tons of bolts and nuts and 780

tons steel. 8,000 tons of bolts and nuts.

780 tons bolts.

6,282 tons of bolts and nuts and 750 tons of steel.

Bone and Pearl Goods.

Philadelphia,

Boots and Sboes.

Allegheny,

Bradford,

Bucks,

Cumberland, . . .

Dauphin,

Erie,

Lancaster, . . . .

Lehigh,

Mifflin,

m

944,865 00

81,644 00

2,500 00

14,000 00

21,872 00

16,000 00

68.700 00

1,050 07

9127,850 00

180,000 00

6,000 00

70,000 00

77,207 88

60,000 00

879,000 00

4,700 00

Lbg. Doc]

Ma.Ntjfactube8 — Miscellaneous.

t5

MA1l7FACTURE:S-]III8CEI.i:.ANEOUS~Continaed.

Boots and Sltoes— (7on<iniMd.

Couhty.

a

fl

a

K

M

a

Z

s

bero tlon.

S2

as.

mbe

h

P3

S

p

o

►

s -si

O

Amonnt of goods manaraetared, not otherwise aceonnted for.

MontfTomery, . . Northumberland, Philadelphia, . . . Schuylkill, . . . .

Wayne

York,

80O

800 ,

8,661

1,688.055 91

86,606 22

28.800 00

20,900 00

I1.20Ooo

80,000 00

6,696.871 06

184.796 86

90,000 00

111,000 00

280,4,551 11,923,099 20 16,966,907 80

Box Mannfinctiirers and Boat Bnlldersi

Allegheny, . . Armstrong, . Clarion, . . .

Lycoming, . .

Philadelphia, Srhuylklil, . . Wayne,

180,826 46 8,2S0 00 1,900 00

41,580 66

12,000 00

4,600 62

12,042 60

fl06,680 28

126,000 00 8,000 00

56,000 00 24,718 00

1107,718 00

147,756 boxes, 4,000,000 feet lumber. 6,000 boxes and 250,000 feet lumber.

$ 6,989.000 box shooks. 4,768,000 feet lumber.

8 barges. 12 boats.

162.755 boxes, 6.980,000 box shooks. 20 boats and barges and 9,018,000 feet lumber.

Brass Mannfactores.

Allegheny,

£rie

Northampton, . . . Philadelphia,

84,200 00

215,000 00

13.127 66

18,292 89

1110,000 00

476,000 00

86.407 42

88.876 88

32,000 pounds brass. 7,800 pounds brass.

1280,619 96

1659,284 80

89,800 pounds brass.

Bridge (Iron) Builders.

Allegheny, . Bradford, . Chester, PhUadelphla,

800 ' 248

1,282

1624,40189

119.500 00

48,000 00

6,412 50

1696,814 89

1269,285 80

800.000 00 26,000 00

13.986 tons. 8,600 tons.

Igh286 80

486 tons.

Brlelcsy Conunon,

Allegheny, . . . Armstrong, . .

Bearer,

Bedford, . . . . Berks,

Blair

Bucks,

Carbon,

Chester,

Crawford, . . . Cumberland, . . Dauphin, . . . . Delaware, . . .

Krle,

Franklin, . . .

,

t

M

185,557 83 6,400 00

26,722 21

7,000 00

2,490 00

8,600 00

17 286 12

1,814 00

60.496 28

35,882 88

18,698 17

3,700 00

Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number

of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks.

19,873,000.

2,000.000.

2,200,000.

875,000.

U, 680, 000.

1,700,000. 740,860.

1,6C0.000.

6,100,000.

2,220,000. 10,250,000.

8,900,000.

6,108,000.

1,200,000.

Internal Affairs — Industrial Statistics.

MA1fUFACTURESI~MI8C£t.IiA!iEOi;S-Coiltlnacd.

Brl]KS~CoHiaiam— CoMtiittMd.

[No. 7,

OOUlfTY.

a

s

o S

&.

S

ber of ployed

B6

fl

a

a

a

►

o

H

a

'1

"5

e

-a

Amoant of iroodt manaAictnred, not

otherwlee sccoanted for.

O

H

Greene, Hnntlngdon, Indiana, . . Lackawanna, Lancaster, . , Lehlirh, . . . Luzerne, . . . Lycoming, . . Montgomery, Montour, Northampton, Northumberland, PhUadelphla, Schuylkill, . . Venango, . . WeBtmoreland, York,

Uo

Uo

181 2,286

feoooo

12,077 00

2S.884n

26.288 00

12,026 80

28,445 47

8,800 00

8,066 00

800 861 87

3,807 48

2 77G76

142 4 088 11,180,244 U

Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Tile, ft.. Number Number

of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, of bricks, 17, 000, bricks, of bricks, of bricks.

264,000.

8.700,000. 8.885,000. 7.885,000. 8.650 000. 1.800,000. 7,800,890.

257,000. 2 820,000.

788,000. 176,758.040.

750,000.

880,000. 2,623,000.

Number of bricks, 282,512. 740.

Brlelc>-Flre and Terra-Cottsk.

Allegheny,

Armstrong,

Beaver, .

Berks,

Cambria,

Oentre, .

Chester, .

Clarion,

Clearlleid,

Clinton, .

Dauphin,

IXelaware,

Fayette,

Indiana,

Lejiigh, .

Luzerne,

Philadelphia,

Somerset,

1,728

186,758 72

1,186 18 24,851 14 80.856 78 50,000 00 48,500 00

4,100 00

80,40100

22,000 00

8,000 00 30.000 00

24,000 00 28.075 57

122,628 80

88,860 78

116,100 00

25,000 00

80,000 00

89,000 00 328 512 25

88,751 88

9864,884 18

1488,864 18

Fire bricks. Fire bricks. Fire bricks. Fire bricks. Fire bricks. Fire bricks, Terra>cotta, Ac. Fire bricks. Fire bricks. Fire bricks.

Fire brieks. Fire bricks.

8,751,728. 1,100,000. 2,844.000. 8.8So.000. 5.000.000. 5,000,000.

300,000. 6.404,000. 2,000,000.

1,011,000.

Firebricks, 4,084,871. Chimney tops, sewer pipes, Ac. Fire bricks and

terra-cotU, 2,660,000. Firebricks, 10,000,000.

Fire bricks, 68, 680, 700.

Brltaimia Wsure. 4ke.

Allegheny, . Philadelphia,

118,20167 25,60188

162,188 86 76,848 00

144,708 06 1188,086 86

Brooms.

Adams, Allegheny, . . Armstrong, . Bedford, . . Huntingdon, Philadelphia, .

S

108,140 00

1,080 00

28,818 80

|1,028 70

1,680 00 I 75,000 00

1,000 brooms. 171,972 brooms.

18,000 brooms.

t88,864 80 177,658 70

180,872 brooms.

Lbo. Doc.]

ManUFAOTUBVS — MiSCSLLANEOUS.

MANUFACTURES- MIBCBl4liAIIEOV8-.Contlnued.

Brmslkos Bnuii-BloeiES*

Oouhtt.

o

m

a

a

H

a

ta

B

"S V,

A

k0

S

3%

s.

o

n

a*-

r

s

t

►

Sq

S

©Is S

a

S

-a

Amount of goods manaratftured, not otherwlBe accoanted for.

Allegheny,

Berks,

Delaware, . .

Itaekawanna,

Lehigh,

Northampton,

PhUadelphia,

Venango, . .

Is

aoo

17,000 00

1,884 00 8,000 00 8,250 00 188,682 62 6,616 00

(40,000 00

9,000 00

20.000 00

4,500 00

811.565 84 26,000 00

(160,907 62

(417,194 84

10 000 pounds curled brushes.

hair and 86,000

88, 000 brushes and 10, 000 pou nds curled hair.

Northampton, . .

MUl-Stones.

11,500 00 (4,260 00

Philadelphia, . .

6 ' 270 , 172 (68,872 76 |123,000 00

Allegheny, . Bradford, . . Bucks, . . Cumberland, Dauphin, . .

Erie,

Lancaster, . Lehigh, . . . Luzerne, Lycoming, . Mercer, . . Montgomery, Northampton, PhiUdelphia, BchuylkiU, . . Union, Venango, . . . Washington, Westmoreland, York,

CarrlaKca and "Wmfgonu,

80O

8no

66 I 206 1,188

(68,788 84

' 4,82800

25,800 00

14,189 86 1,180 00 8,500 00 8,162 25 4,446 00

16,776 61

861,212 88

2,500 00

10,175 00

10,868 00 8,500 00 4,495 00

(177,000 00 11.864 00 63,800 00 80.800 00 47,500 00

2,000 00

6,000 00 10,000 00 20.500 00 22,000 00

82.912 56

780,120 94

88 500 00 27,800 00 18,752 00

7,500 00 11,800 00

(645,258 00 (1,328,049 60

Oars— Railroacly Car-lVheela, etOi

Beaver,

Btalr

Oolnmbia,

Dauphin,

Fayette,

Lehigh

Philadelphia, . . . Westmoreland, . . York,

2U

40*

206 1,512 809 I 700

(16,500 00 18,000 00

251,058 00

818,115 44 76.000 00 20,476 00 46,728 99

280,000 00 16 027 60

216,000 00

(110 000 00

85,000 00

880.000 00

1,825,000 00

850.060 00

50,142 85

841,M7 22

2,000.000 00

73 750 00

750,000 00

281 4,668 (1,284,794 08 (6,870,888 67

Internal Affai&s — Industbiai, Stati8tic&

[No. 7,

MAKUFACTURE:8~MISCEI.l.ANEOI)SCoiitinued.

Cbemleala.

. County.

a

o

%

a

as

Ayerare nnmber of days in operation.

Total number of persons employed.

Total amount paid in- wages during the year.

Value of annaal product.

Amount of ifoods manufactured, not otherwise accounted for.

Allegheny,

Erie,

MontflTomerv. . . .

aio

S80

|t69,161 88 8856 18

"Acids, tons, 4,868; alum, tons, S,961; sodas, tons, 20,686; salt, tons, 140; Ume, tons, 4,101; salt cake, tons, 406; calcium, tons, 88; liquid salt, 733; glauber salts, tons, 8,072.

Salammonlca, 20 tons; fertilizers, TOO tons.

Black liquor, M barrels; glanber salts, 824 barrels.

ao8

1178.016 63

Cbalna.

Allegheny, . Berks,

PhlladelpbU, York, . . .

.l

115,000 00

8,120 00

44.958 85

12,900 00

f76,978 85

f50,000 00 1,200 tons, prison contract labor. 8,000 00 I

2, 087 tons. 59,700 00

$117,700 00

3,287 tons.

Clfgars.

Adams, . . . . Allegheny, . . xserKs, .

Blair,

Bucks, . . . .

Erie,

Lancaster, . . Lebanon, . . Lehigh, . . . Montgomery, PhUadelphia, Snyder, . . . . Tioga, . . . . Tork,

Bradford, Lackawanna, Monroe, . .

289 '

aoo

80O

$13,000 00

20.006 65

74 281 00

28 580 00

5,135 00

9,160 00

6,693 78

10.200 00

20,000 00

433,7o8 64

19.674 40

1654,415 97

Olotlica-Plna and SUoe-Pesa.

1 ; 182

C ! 209

15,500 00

4,900 00

14.780 00

|2S,080 00

2.500,000

10,078,150

10,180,550

5,171,700

618,025

1,855,700

1,886,000

8 000.000

86,628,260

173,600

1,348.606

1,171,200

76,074,780

20.260 bushels shoe-pegs. 25,000 bundles clothes-pins. $14,704 00 ; 29 000bundle8clothes-pins;19,400bush- cls shoe-pegs.

$14,704 00

54. 000 bundles clothes-pins; 89,650 els shoe-pegs.

Cooperst

Allegheny, Beayer, . .

Bedford, . Oolambla,

80O I

$14,700 00

5,600 00 8,000 00

125,000 barrels and 25,000 kegs. 7,000 oil barrels and 25,000 white-lead kegs.

50,000 powder kegs.

Leg. Doc.]

Manufactures — Mibgellaneous.

MAIiUFACTURBS—MISCELlANEOUS- Continued.

CMperm— Continued.

Oouktt.

a

a

o

4)

s

k o

Oi

2s

O

t4

o

s

sr

c:

S

aq

H

Amount of goods manufactured, not otherwite accounted for.

Erie, Mercer, . . PhUadelphia, Tioga, Venango, . . Wyoming, .

8,707 16

88.128 88

19,844 64

8,000 00

1148,19168

12,000 00

878,622 00 90,000 00

(478,602 00

Butter tubs. 161, 935 nail kegs.

eOfOOO powder kegs.

182,000 barrels. 821,086 kegs.

Allegheny, . Daupbln, . .

Erie,

Lackawanna,

ColBna and Caaketa.

f 116, 000 00 10,407 09 18,600 00 17,144 83

(325.000 00 !

85,000 00 ;

80,288 19

42,000 00

(166,162 82 (441,288 19

Combs.

Lancaster, . Philadelphia,

(11,461 76

10,474 07

(21,925 88

(28,882 28 82,600 00

(61,382 28

Allegheny, Philadelphia,

Lancaster, . Philadelphia,

Copper.

Allegheny, . . Beaver, . . . . Berks, . . . .

Bucks

Lancaster, Northampton, Philadelphia, York,

(72,547 66 28,007 78

(175,000 00 (175,000 00

1,289 tons.

(100,565 44

1.268 tons.

Cordafle, Rope T'vrlne, Sbe,

,

8U0

1,162

(S. 890 00

87,000 00

10,000 00

8,104 07

' 9.875 00

228.719 00

8,750 00

(296,838 97

(85,000 00

175.000 00

60,000 00

46,000 00

2,000 00

55.000 00

2,807,420 00

80,000 00

12,700,420 00

Corka.

(45,838 00 18,167 94

(425,000 00 65,000 00

(63,606 94 , (480,000 00

Internal Affaibs — Industrial STATiSTica

[No. T,

MAHUFACTURGS-MISCEIiliANGOUS— Continued.

Cmelbles.

Couktixs.

a

o

Average number of days in operation.

Total number of persons employed.

Total amount paid In wages during the year.

Value of annual product.

Amount of goods manufactured, nol otherwise accounted for.

Allegheny,

Philadelphia, . . .

185,281 96 tW.000 00 12,500 00 06,000 00

Glass-house pots.

147,78190

1185,000 00

Oistierjr.

Beaver,

Philadelphia, . .

186,000 00 I |100 000 00 2,200 00 , 4,500 00

88,200 00

f 104, 600 OO

Smery and Orlndliiflf SKiacliUierjr.

Oarbon, Monroe,

15,000 00 24,80100

129,80100

80,000 00 207,868 09

1287,868 99

Bn-reiopesy

Philadelphia, . . . .

168,515 00

1296,000 00

Faney I*eatl&er Goods.

Philadelphia, . . . .

Beaver, . . . Berks, Erie, . . Philadelphia,

1183,744 00

$458,607 00

Files.

180,688 86

2,260 00

121,726 08

9205,515 48

1186.970 86 8,000 00

8M,'28190

1674,211 26

Recutting old flies.

Flre-Arma

Berks, . Lebanon,

IISOOO I I 1,600 rifle barrels.

1,090 00 12,625 00 ' Klfle barrels.

11,240 00

12,625 00

1,500 rifle barrels.

Adams, . . . Allegheny, . Bradford, . . Cambria, . . Clinton, . .

Furniture.

t

1 1 2S7

12.104 24 98,702 00 46.54Sq2 6,800 00 18,000 00

16.988 27

256.384 46

148,000 00

15.000 00

40,000 00

Leg. Doc.]

Manufactubes — Miscellaneous.

MANUFACTURES— MISCEIIAHEOUS-Coiitlnaed.

Gouxtixs.

a

a

a

sa

so

a

o

I'

a e

b

a a

o

Amonnt of iroocli mannfictiirecl, not otberwUe AccoanteU for.

Crawford, .

Dsaphln, . .

Erie, . . .

Jefferson, .

Lackawanna,

Lancasfcer,

Lycoming, . . . .

Mercer,

Northumberland,

Philadelphia,

Saiqaehanna,

Tioga,

"Warren,

Washington,

Wayne, . . .

aoi

ao6

800 '

220 1,018

910,288 75 23,000 00 16,875 00

10,425 00

182.002 70

10 604 00

7,200 00

887.718 87

11.000 01

8,917 80

27.444 71

4,800 00

fl6, 85, 47, 80, 12,

475,

25,

2,520,

a,

21,

66S70

One barned down Febrnary, 1884.

277 2,841

11,328,167 68 f3, 788, 510 78

McKean, Philadelphia,

Gas-Metersy Tanlcsy 4tCi

120,282 78

808 , |ia0,882 78

f8.000 00 844,028 82

9347,028 82

Gold-Beatera.

Philadelphia, . .

(800,000 00 I

Glass 8and

Huntingdon, . . . Mifflin,

24 17,600 00

70 , 26,000 00

15, 888 tons. 28, 500 tons.

4 2S8l 84' 134 20000 '44436 tons.

I ' '

Glue.

Lancaster, . . . . Philadelphia, . .

800 ; 400

928.000 00

IGOOOOOO f 1,600,000 00

80,000 pounds and 160 barrels.

3 283 470 1176,600 00 fl, 600,000 00 , 80,000 pounds and 160 barrels.

Halr-Clotb.

Hair-pins.

Philadelphia, . .

1 I 800 I 11 I 93,250 00

I 25.000,G00.

6 Leg. Doo. No. 7.

Intebnai. Affaibs — Inbustbtal Statistics.

[No. 7,

BtANUPACTURES— MISCEX.I.ANEOU8— Conttnued.

HArdmrture.

m

a

W4

e number n operstlo

A

Couiitt.

o u

umber employ

▲mount of goods mnnnfaotured, not otherwise acoounted for.

Js

r

a

o

s

Sq

s

H

Allegbenj, . .

Berks,

Chester,

Erie,

Franklin, . . Northampton, Philadelphia, SchnylkUl, .. .

lao

1,109

1,968

fZ48,61100

88,000 00

5,000 00

23,66100

11.901 88

696.719 21

7,S2S00

1862,149 21

1680,000 00

100,000 00

10,000 00

80 000 00

2,200 00

88,000 00

980,490 97

18,960 00

11,748)690 97

1,800 tons castings.

1, 600 tons castings.

H

Allegheny, .

Berks, . . .

Bradford, . .

Clinton, . . .

Dauphin, . .

Lancaster, . Philadelphia,

Wayne, . . .

118,090 74

1,000 00

7,728 00

1,800 00

78,582 06

|10B,6S7 81

141,899 22

2,000 00

1,200 00

8,600 00

62,200 00

286,788 67 8,000 00

|800,687 89

Hosiery Neodles.

Chester,

2S0

20 I 18,000 00

250,000.

Hubs, Spokea, Felloes, Haadlee, Slc,

Berks,

Bucks, Chester, Columbia, . . Crawford, . . Cumberland, . Erie,

Fayette, . . . Franklin, . . . Lancaster, . .

Lehigh, Monroe, Philadelphia, .

Pike,

Somerset, . . . Venango, . . . Warren, . . . Westmoreland,

az

80O

fU,188 89

76,600 00

2,600 00

21,000 00

28,717 54

1,894 50

15,688 04

28,666 40

4,000 00

4,200 00

2,700 00

1,848 00

1200,718 81

166,000 00

1,000 00

280,000 00

8,700 00

2,000 00

70,000 00

76,246 08

6,696 00

62,600 00

6,800 00

100,000 00

1,900 08

11,000 00

9,600 00

1684,078 68

12,000 handles.

700000 feet lumber.

1,706,000 handles, Ac, and 800,000 feet lumber.

200 dozen pairs shafts and 5,000 set of rims.

160,000 spokes.

11,660 set of hubs and 75,000 spokes.

10,000 set hubs and 400,000 spokes.

100,000 spokes.

986,600 handles.

2,672,600 handles, 785,000 spokes, 21,660 hubs, 1,000,000 feet luml>er, 2Q0dosen pair shafts, and 6000 set rims.

liSiete.

Philadelphia, . . .

|1S,7B8 76

fS7,109 00

LSQ. DOO.] MANtTFACTtTBEB — MtSGELLANEOUS.

MANITPACUTURKS— BIISCEIIAirfiOUS-Coiitlnued.

liMtd and Iiead 81iot

8S

CX>niiTT.

t

a

s

o

0)

a

"9

Co

g§

g

aQ

.

H

§1

a

b ft

a

o

d

AmoQiit of fooda maiiiifkctard, not otherwlae aooonnted for.

Allegheny, . PbiladelphU,

s

M

Im

H2,880 7D 20,212 18

15,860 tons lead.

2,680 tons lead and 1,626,106 lbs shot.

172,06188

17,880 tons lead and 1,628,286 pounds sbot.

JLlchtnlnc RodU*

Allegheny,

Allegheny, .

Itackawanna,

Philadelphia,

18,000 00 |ao,ooo oo

Itoeomotl-rea.

7W

285 2,988

286'

4,804

f886,866 82

627,068 87

1,M6,286 68

12,868,210 82

00 , 80 locomotives. i;447,5aO 00 6,716,780 48

10,007,668 48

740 tons grate bars and sash mounts.

80 locomotiTOS and 740 tons castings.

Allegheny, . . Lancaster, . . Northampton, Philadelphia, York,

liocka sund Iftafes.

14,020 26

12,886 87

7,162 00

108,885 61

18,080 00

822 , fl60,480 24

19,68120 26,600 00 18,800 00 288.766 66 86,000 00

1818,297 86

6,006} dozen locks.

6,0964 desen locks.

Hftllemble Iron*

Allegheny, .

Erie,

Philadelphia,

Iso

|62,077 60

61,618 47

2,700 26

1126,89122

1160,000 00 6,000 00

8,000 tons.

fl66,000 00 I 8,000 tons.

PhUadelphto,

Mantlea.

31|

11,902 60 21,800 00

128,702 60

16,887 66 ' 80,000 00

166,887 65

Berks, Philadelphia, York,

11,880 00 11,600 00

118,880 00

14,800 gross.

60,000 gross.

600 gross.

64, 800 gross.

Internal Affairs — Industrial Statistics.

[No. 7,

MANUFACTURERgU-MISCELliANBOUS-Contlnned.

Maltsters.

Cjountt.

o

a

'O

tt

d

Wl

d

s

®d

a .

berof ployed

S

as

o

o

aa

h

9 a

P V

&c£

a

fit

a

0)

►

o

H

► .

o H

Amoant of goods maniifketared, not otherwise accuunted for.

Allegheny, . . Erie, . . Lancaster, . . Northampton, Philadelphia, York

1 4 1 206 1

85,

U I

H800 00

17.600 00

8,000 00

88.546 00

1,875 00

149 1 t09,883 86

98.000 bushels malt. 350,000 bushels malt.

50,000 bushels malt.

61,100 bushels malt. 626,000 bushels malt.

20,000 bushels malt.

1,008, 100 bushels malt.

Sloroeeo and other Iteatl&ert

Delaware, . Philadelphia,

|4,000 00 ! 123,000 00 1,148,228 80 I 6,281,407 44

2,028 tl,162,229M {5,264,407 44

Nails, Spllcest d&c.

(Not included in rolling-mills,)

Allegheny, . Philadelphia,

19,000 00

25 i f0,818 05

1100,000 00 1,246 16

f 101, 246 16

Nltro-Glycertme and Torpedoes.

McKean,

141,287 47

888,909 pounds.

Oil Cloths.

Delaware, Philadelphia, . .

fl4,854 06 149,000 00 256,688 96 1,892,216 89

(270,998 01 11,441,216 88

Oils and Ijnbrleants.

Allegheny, . .

16.727 00

6,928 barrels.

Paints.

Allegheny,

Carbon,

Columbia,

Cumberland, . . . .

Lawrence,

Luzerne,

Lycoming

Philadelphia, . . . York,

130,700 00

28,808 04

2,600 00

5,700 00

20,190 26

f 141, 000 00 16,000 00

162,625 63 3,991 16

187,826 26

(322,616 68

600,000 pounds paints, and 100,000 gal- lons varnish, Ac. 7,018,000 pounds metallic paint.

400,000 pounds yellow ocher. 850.000 pounds French umber filler. 6, 000, 000 pounds yellow A brown ocher. 4,100 barrels ready mixed asphaltum liquid paints.

16, 868,000 lbs., 100.000 gal. varnish, and 4,100 barrels asphaltum liquid paint.

Leg. Doc.]

Manufacturers — Miscellaneous.

MANUFACTCJRBRS-MISCEIiliANEOUS-Contlnaed,

Paper, Stra-vrboardSi Slc.

Coumtt.

o

a

.

s

J!

ft.

O

mber of mplojed

U

►

o

-J

H

s

o

d

a

o

Amoant of eoodt manofactared, not otherwise aecoanted for.

Beaver, . . Berks, Blair, Bocks, . . . Chester, . . Clinton, . . Colnmbia, Cumberland, Delaware, . Erie, . . . Franklin, . . Indiana, . . Lancaster, . Lnzerne, . . Lycoming, . Monroe, . . Montgomery, Northampton, FhUadelphta, . Washington, Westmoreland, York,

]

aoo aoo

ao8

aoo

2B6 80O

288 2,277

(7.800 00

6,000 00

88,68144

23,400 00

68,196 87

80,000 00

68.616 67

41,919 00

34.000 00

4,768 90

8,000 00

16,474 90

1,662 12

10,500 00

75,668 80

1,611 00

807,407 67

4,600 00

13.741 19

68,800 00

460,000 00

854,241 65

1818,44131 11,301,24165

1,660.000 600,000 8,887,674 2,464 000 8.826.600 2,400,000 6,590,000 2,875,000

1,587,560 1,820,000 1,000.000 1,987.728

167,000

1,600,000

7,615,000

2,660,000

20,110,000

600,000 3.186,8 8 100,000

pounds, pounds. I>oands. pounds, pounds, pounds, pounds, pounds, pounds.

pounds, pounds, pounds, pounds, pounds, pounds, pounds, pounds, pounds, pounds, pounds, pounds.

48,284,801 pounds.

Bucks, . . . Philadelphia,

Paper IIancina.

127,681 18 121,294 17

1148,925 36

1168,641 04 777,223 02

f040,884 06

Philadelphia, . . .

Pena, Steel.

110,000 00

90,000 gross.

Adams,

Erie,

Lebanon,

Northampton, Northumberland, Philadelphia, . . . York,

Planoe-y Orflfane, and Mualesbl Inatniments.

188,677 57

4,000 00

3,300 00

97,000 00

26.680 00

1213,974 87

208,382 75

1,920 00

6,700 00

12.000 00

248,600 00

48,968 00

1623,470 76

16 pipe organs. Guitars.

16 pipe organs.

Berks,

Danphin,

Lehigh,

Philadelphia, . . .

Pipes said Tubes, Iron.

270 2,020

|2U,094 75

250,000 00

3,678 94

287,121 65

138,015 70 1.321,511 60

(751,896 34 (1,389,827 80

16,866 gross tons. 87,600 gross tons.

58, 865 gross tons.

Internal Affairs — Industrial Statistics.

[Not,

MANUFACTURES— ]llI8C£Iil.ANEOIT0-Coiittnaeil

CoiruTY.

a

q

a

B

m

berc tlon.

§2:

o

g&

ft

%

s?

a

g

fi

►

t4

o

&

o

d

u A

-a

s a

o o a

Amount of oods manudhetared, not otherwise aooounted for.

Allegheny,

Armstrong, . . . .

Beaver,

Berks,

Blair

Bradford,

Bucks,

Butler,

Cambria,

Carbon, . . . .

Centre,

Chester

Clearfield,

Clinton,

Columbia,

Crawford, . . . . Cumberland, . . . .

Dauphin,

Delaware,

Fayette,

Franklin,

Greene,

Huntingdon, . .

Indiana,

Jefferson,

Juniata,

Lackawanna, . . . Lancaster,-

Lawrence,

Lebanon,

Lehigh,

Lnxerne,

Lycoming,

McKean,

Mercer,

Montgomery, . . . Korthampton, Northumberland, . Perry. . . . .

Philadelphia, . . .

Potter,

Schuylkill

Snyder,

Somerset,

Susquehanna, . . .

Tioga,

Venango,

Warren,

Washington, . . . . Wayne, . . .

Westmoreland, .

Wyoming,

York,

S

Iso

S

8D0

Z

a

s

b

2D8

t

U

z

z

z

Z

U

4,086

1200.262 68 25,850 00 88,000 84 84,807 80 71,806 00 10.166 06 7,650 06

' 10,800 00

1,000 00

81,500 00

5,625 00

18,518 50

28,186 64

27,600 00

28 204 84

8,000 00

40,786 00

18,000 00

20,330 00

85.082 90

0,000 00

4,450 00

12,044 88

8,894 00

5,800 00

21,019 88

88.256 64

2,600 00

4,400 00

17,704 87

25,627 06

137,858 10

U. 904 81

39,850 00

20,826 15

80,942 26

48,767 82

9,000 00

250,950 90

11,850 00

1,000 00

12,825 68

20.517 88

3,800 00

10,707 60

9,288 00

4,500 00

82,647 21

2,100 00

46,090 00

11,564,208 73

1006,84142

128,000 00

Us, 266 00

120,594 82

231.000 00

80.000 00

84,52164

80,000 00

2,000 00

75,000 00

19,600 00

28,222 76

84,567 21

62,000 00

1,585,670 00

25,000 00

212,000 00

61,996 65

88,800 00

77,145 28

45,000 00

11,000 00

62,006 10

88,194 00

' i,400 00 72,012 58 81,600 00 9,000 00 8,790 00 71,498 98 63,500 00

410,809 91 26,909 88

265,000 00 74,000 00 90,005 74

282,846 81

607.184 48

' '42,00000

5,000 00

25,670 00

']i2.000 00

9,800 00

80,000 00

9,000 00

25,600 00

181,04142

128,788 68

18,480,442 71

1, 150, 000 ttl lumber. 250, 000 feet lumber.

1,200,000 feet lumber. 275,000 feet lumber.

8, 000, 000 Bet lumber.

1, 600,000 feet lumber. 4, 000, 000 f)Bet lumber.

1,700,000 feet lumber. 125,000 feet lumber.

2,800, 000 feet lumber. 60,000 feet lumber.

60,000 feet lumber.

135,000 feet lumber. 1,700,000 feet lumber.

866,000 feet lumber. 885, 000 feet lumber. 800,000 feet lumber.

726,500 feet lumber. 1,100,000 feet lumber.

144,000 feet lumber. 1,500,000 feet lumber.

5,142,000 feet lumber. 1,060,000 feet lumber.

450,000 feet lumber. 200,000 feet lumber. 400,000 feet lumber.

1, 100, 000 feet lumber. 100,000 feet lumber.

875,000 feet lumber.

80,728,500 feet lumber.

Potters*

Allegheny,

Armstrong, . . . .

Beaver,

Bedford,

Berks,

Cambria,

18,880 00 1,400 00

83,330 00 1,825 00 1,000 00 6,800 00

|5,8S5 00

167,000 00

' 8,500 00 18,000 00

104, 420 gallons. 8|000 gallons.

Leg. Doc]

MAmiFACTUBES— MlBOELLANBOGS.

MAKlJFACTURESMISCEIiIiANGOUS-Contlnued.

ottmrm— Continued.

Oouhtt.

a

s

jet

tmber of per mployed.

h

oo

a

g

►

a

aq

<4l

£

H

3|f

o

e a

-a

O

P

-a

Amoant of Roods manolbctnred, olbervrlse acconnted for.

not

Centre, . . . Chester, . . . Clearfield, . Dauphin, . .

Erie,

Greene, . . . Indiana, . . Jefferson, . Lancaster, . Lycoming, . Philadelphia, Schnylkltl, . Union, . . . Venango, . . Toik, . . . .

m

aio

00

Uo

aoo

88,700 00

4,060 00

6,000 00

18,483 80

1,450 00

1,000 00

66,800 00

f281,022 55

181,800 00 200 00

2,000 00 1,000 00 1,600 00 6,000 00 142,000 00 1,900 00 7,000 00 2,000 00

1441,685 00

eootues.

20,000 gallons.

87,000 gallons. 160, 000 gallons. 600,000 gallons.

70,000 crocks.

064.420 gallons, 70,000 crocks, and 600 Ules.

Povr4er said Fuseea*

Erie,

Lackawanna, . . . . Lnzeme,

Northumberland, . Schuylkill, ... . York,

f7,000 00

42,608 23

104,66147

2,849 60

109,286 16

2,980 41

1269,980 87

1219,288 80

1219,286 80

6.988 gross safiety fhsees.

190,864 kegs powder.

888,726 kegs powder and 41,000 boxes of

. 17,628 kegs powder. 9,000 kegs powder, 4,000 cases squibs. 2,463 kegs powder.

658. 166 kegs of powder,6,988gros8 safety fusees, 45,000 boxes squibs.

eifti

Erie, . . . . Wyoming,

12,760 00

12,050 00

118,114 18

Idooo

118,214 18

BAillAa— Iron.

Allegheny, .

Erie,

Philadelphia,

|20,000 00

2,800 00

48,992 77

166,402 77

f66 000 00

6,000 00

52 860 00

1121,860 00

600,000 pounds.

600000 pounds.

Berks, . . . Philadelphia,

RefirlffeFAtmrst

980.80118 86,024 00

,626 16

169,870 45 U6,000 00

1186,870 45

Internal Affaibs — Industrial Statistics.

[No. 1 ,

iMANUFACTURERa-MISCEIiliANBOUS-Coiittnaed.

Rubber Goods.

mm

(3

m

K

a

s

sl

County.

s

o

Os.

h

M

a

Erie, . . . Lycomlngt

A.moant of goods m&nafactured, not otherwise aocoanted for.

lOS

Uo

flO,000 00 10,000 00

125,000 00

120,000 00 i $25,000 00

26,000 pairs rubber boots.

26,000 pairs rubber boots.

Allegheny, . Washington,

Salty Etc.

127,40131

87,070 barrels, and 8,729 tons of salt; 43,000 lbs. bromine, and 419 ions fer- tilizers.

1,AJ0 bushels salt.

206 I 54 ; 127,326 81

Saab, Doors, Bliuds, Ae*

Allegheny, . . Bucks, Chester, . Crawford, . . Cumberland, . Dauphin, . . . Erie, . . . Franklin, . . Lackawanna, Lancaster, Montgomery, Philadelphia, . Schuylkill, Somerset, . . Susquehanna, Wyoming, . . York,

U

A

m

]

2S0 2S0

fl5,000 00

1,800 00

2,600 00

5,850 00

2Z.648 98

11,888 28

8,000 00

84,500 00

1,782 31

164.174 48

8,700 00

9,500 00

f282,463 95

150.000 00

4,000 00

6,000 00

16,000 00

20,000 00

75,000 00

76,000 00

' 70.000 00

13.219 68

425,952 20

1,400 00 80,000 00

1787,794 91

450,000 feet.

87,000 screens and 82,000 square yards. 5, 000, 000 feet.

60,000 feet.

5,600,000 feet, 87,000 screens, and 32,00? square yards.

Scales*

Lackawanna, . . . Philadelphia, . . . York,

11,314 00

73,650 00

96,200 00

2U,986 00

178,037 80 I 9224,686 00

Screws— Iron and Brass.

Philadelphia, . . .

981,980 00

9168,488 11

-Bull dins*

Philadelphia, . . .

938,665 61

9101,000 64

Leg. Doc."1

MaNUFAOPUBEBS — MI8CELLANSOD8.

MANUFACTURERS-MISCBIiliANEOUS— Continued. Sl&oe Blolci]i|f and Stove PoUslfc*

Oouhtt.

Phlladelpbla,

a

d

d

s

g

s

d

i4 e

Ou3

-a

s

B

i§

d

Dtal amount during t

d

s

s

-a

%

S

H

Amount of goods manufactured, not otherwise accounted for.

aoo

92 I 925,486 00

1,000000 lbs.

Sboxelay Spades, A>e.

Allegheny, . . Bearer, . . . Luzerne, . . Montgomery, Northampton, Philadelphia,

aoo

am

2ffi

186,000 00 I 1200,000 00 25,684 02 . . 7.937 02 , 28,774 76 60,000 00

96.765 00

f254,484 04

40,280 00 892,000 00

1666,054 75

11,488 dozens. 40,000 dozens. 14,600 dozens.

65,988 dozens.

Slio-vr Gate*.

PhUadelphla,

117,500 00 20.436 88

187,086 59

140,000 00; 60,804 15 '

1100,804 15

Silver and Silver-Plated UTare.

Allegheny, . . PhUadelphla, .

15,000 00 58,890 81

963,890 81

115,000 00 161,461 00

fl76.461 00

Soapa and Candlea*

Allegheny, . . PhUadelphla, . Schuylkill, . .

ffiS6

110,900 00

245,480 99

4,120 00

985,220 18

1,726,865 00

5,000 00

2,000,000 lbs. soap.

18,185,215 lbs. soap.

1,100,000 lbs. soap.

9260,600 99 91,766,685 18 16,286,215 lbs. soap.

Sprlnga and AxleSi

Allegheny,

Bradford,

Chester,

Brie,

Philadelphia, . . . Washington, . . . .

1,540

9804.416 Us

4,600 00

44,200 00

461,549 90

4,34100

91, 887,821 51 20,000 00

2,000 00

962,007 06

10,000 00

9819,929 14 '92,871,628 67

8,800 tons.

87 tons. 2,864} tons. 19,070 tons, and 15,100 sets of axles.

25,821} tons, and 15,100 sets of axles.

Internal Avfaibs — Industrial Statistics.

[No. 1 ,

MANUFACTURES-MISCEIIiAIIEOUS— Continued.

Spring If AttrewMSy 4be.

Oouhtt.

Brie, Lackawanna, Philadelphia,

o

B

a

§

m

sa

O H

aoo

aoo

ta

3?

fl8,20OO0

8,000 00

138,612 00

S

s

p.

d

o

-a

Amount of goodi mannfaotnred, not otherwise accounted for .

1118,715 00

25,000 00

1,010 80

1188,716 00

Philadelphia, . .

U

H800 00

|96,000 00

Philadelphia, . . .

98,187 80

196,088 24

Philadelphia, . .

Philadelphia, . . .

1282,164 63

11,047,868 00

144,007,149 pounds refined sugar. 1,882,080 gallons syrup.

Snrflrieai Splints and Blastle Goods*

97,276 00

fie; 460 26

Tanks -"Wooden and Iron

Allegheny, McKean, . Warren, .

27"

116,787 80 1,800 00 2,104 00

119,74180

f8i226 22 6,000 00 6,840 00

196,666 22

Tanntqne*

Huntingdon,

Moqooo

; 2,400,000 pounds.

Textile If aelklnerjr.

Philadelphia, . . .

Us.

168,807 62

1126,818 96

Tile.

Adams, Erie, .

fTOOOO

11,900 00

Leo. Doc]

MaNUFAOTUBBS — MiaOELLANEOUS.

MAUVFACTUIHaS— MISCSIiIiAHBOUS— ContlBiied.

Coditty.

a

ATerace number of days In operation.

Total number of persons employed.

a

s

Amount of goods manufactured, not otherwise accounted for.

Allegheny,

Berks, PhlUdelphU, . . .

Wo

919,00000

2,700 00 08,968 88

196,000 00

12,000 00

214,765 14

4,187 tons.

1801,76614

4,187 tons.

Tools.

Allegheny, . . . .

Butler,

Chester

Delaware, Lancaster, . . . . Lycoming, . . . . McKean, . . . . Montgomery, . . Philadelphia, . .

80O

i.m

1128,286 60

6,850 00

27,885 00

2,000 00

9,678 00

70.468 84

570,680 68

1484,96122

400O0O

68,962 00

8,000 00

18.172 00

289,187 75

1,848,626 81

9810,708 47 ,92,215,060 78

Toys and Tampa

Bradford, . . Philadelphia, . Susquehanna,

n

926,000 00

7,184 00

18,760 00

951,984 00

960,000 00 28,000 00 40,000 00

9118,000 00

Tjrpe.

Philadelphia,

988,728 84 t 902,428 28

4,000 pounds.

Philadelphia, . . . Susquehanna, . .

l7nabreUM,Prsiaolasuad Matoriftl.

1,877

9648,760 61 '98,190,918 92 1,625 00 I 6,000 00

9600, 2M 61 98,196,918 82

Philadelphia, Pike,

'Wsttobea and lVatls-Caes

9280,846 06 21,000 00

9211,846 06

91,216,070 21 84,000 00

91,290,070 21

mri&ipft.

Philadelphia, York,

92,828 00 10,500 00

912,828 00

910,51075 60,500 00

970,010 75

Internal Affaibb — Industrial Statistics.

MAIfUFACTl7RElRS~JllISCBIiIiANBOU9<~Coiitiliiie4.

[No. 7,

Wlklte TjemAf latlkarip*, Patty, 4t.

"

S

1 B

S

a-

a

e

§

o

s

A

at*

o

O-

sx

—

h

. fl

4

a

ConwTY

"3

oyed

-a

Amouiit of floods maniifketnred, not

©5

otherwise aeconnted for.

a

r

O

o

%

H . H

►

Allegheny,

Berks,

Philadelphia, . .

U

aoo

6fl8

1128,648 82

18,000 00 824,625 44

1804,447 16

150,000 00 1,760,000 00

6,660 tone white-lead, 750 tons oil-cake, 182, 100 gallons linseed oil, 62,886 gal- Ions mixed paints, and 348, 900 pounds colors in oil.

White-lead, 12,485 tons; brown sngar of lead, 202 tons; and crude pyroli- genons add, M4,S2e gallons.

1468.288 76 .2, 204,447 16

HTlre and IVlre CkM>ds

Allegheny, . . . .

Beaver,

Lackawanna, . . Lazerne, . . . . Northampton, Northumberland, Philadelphia, . . . Schuylkill, . . . .

Vtk

1 Kvk 1

1858,200 00

70,000 00

2,650 00

92,162 79

63,531 83

6,090 65

1688,044 27

144,600 00

120,000 00

8,000 00

' 11,000 00

364.800 00

24,558 89

1676,353 89

21,744 tons wire. 8,000 tons wire.

7,5464 tons wire. 1,000 tons wire.

38,2801 tons wire.

IVoodeik "Ware.

Erie,

Lancaster, . . . .

Lebanon,

Lycoming, . . . . McKean, . . . . Philadelphia, . .

Warren,

Wayne,

York,

|S2,848 25

6,600 00

1,265 00

8,738 00

64.002 00

14.000 00

8,000 00

1217.229 58

2,000 00

18,000 00

26,000 00

100,89160

60,000 00

20,000 00

2,702 76

1140.644 25 1625,326 28

800 gross bay-wood smoking-pipes.

800 gross smoking-plpes.

"Wrlikgttrtf lUTaalilnif Maclftlneay 4to.

Erie, Lehigh, Philadelphia, . . . York,

|63,3r7 18

1,460 00

154,802 18

1848,04180

1,963 60

1345,245 80

25,000 mops. 3,000 washing-machines.

25, 000 mops. 3,000 washing-machines.

Lehigh,

Zlne and Spelter

178,000 00

4,600,000 pounds spelter. 6,000,000 pounds oxide.

Lbg, Doc]

Manufactures — Miscellaneous.

MANUFACTDRES-MISCEIiliANEOUS— Continued.

Reeapltitlatlon.

IlTDUBTBIKS.

s

a

§

.a

M

of p yed.

S

o

a

u

z

Zk

►

Agricnltnral implements, .

Alr-bntkeSf

Axes, saws, etc.,

Baskets,

Bath-tabs and boilers, . .

Belts and hose,

Bobbins and spools, Bolts and nuts, Bone and pearl goods, . . . Boots and sboes. Box manufactures and boat builders,

Brass manufactures, . . . . Bridge (iron) builders, . . Bricks, common, Bricks, Are and terra cotta, Britannia ware, etc., Brooms, .

Brushes and brush-blocks,

Burr-mill stones,

Buttons,

Carriages and wagons. Cars, railroad car wheels, Ac.

Chemicals,

Chains,

Cigars

Clothes-pins and shoe-pegs.

Coopers,

Coffins and caskets,

Combs,

Copper,

Cordage, rope, twine, etc..

Corks,

Crucible,

Cutlery,

Emery A grinding mach*y,

Enyelopes,

Fancy leather goods, . . . .

Files,

Fire arms,

Furniture, . .

Oas meters, tanks, etc., . .

Goldbeaters,

Glass sand,

Glue,

Haircloth,

Hair-pins,

Hardware,

Harness, trunks, etc.,

Hosiery needles,

Hubs, spokes, etc.,

Lasts,

Lead and lead shot,

Lightning rods,

Locomotives,

Locks and safes,

Malleable Iron,

Mantles, . . . .

Cm

s

Amount of goods manufactured, not otherwise accounted for.

1,656

U

1,202

lao

1,729

1,188

4,568

1,846

1,152

2,941

1,953

4,604

1706,887 19 420,000 00 446,525 94

1,680 00

18,628 71

45,000 87

6,140 00

680,742 07

47,826 56

1,923,009 20

105,680 28

280,619 96

688.314 89 1,190.244 11

664.994 13 44,708 06 98,964 90

169,907 62

1,500 00

68.872 75

545,256 60

1,284.794 98

178,016 98

75,973 35

654,415 97

25,080 00

148,19163

156,152 82

21 925 83

100,655 44

288,338 97

63.506 94

47,78196

88,200 00

63.515 00

133,744 00

205,515 43

1,240 00

1,828.167 69

120,892 79

101.600 00

84.200 00

176,600 00

19.750 W

8,250 00

862.140 21

103,637 82

200.718 31

13,792 75

72,05188

2,889,210 82

150,430 24

126,88122

28.702 60

12,046,66106

1,200,000 00

728,217 88

6,748 00

100,000 00

427,140 44

16,000 00

1,635.388 43

83,000 00

6,966,927 80

107,718 00

650,284 80 604,236 80

463,364 13

189.086 06

77,658 70

417,194 84

4,250 00

128,000 00

1,823,046 50

6,870,889 67

117,700 00

14,704 00

478,682 00

441,283 19

61,282 23

176.000 00

2,709,420 00 480,000 00 185,000 00 104,600.00 237,858 99 206.000 00 456,507 00 674,211 26 2,525 00

8,790,519 78 847,028 82 800,000 00

1,500,000 00

70,000 00

1,748,600 97 300,537 89

634,078 63 27,100 00

20.000 00

9,007,563 48

318.287 86

166.000 00

56,387 65

40,473.

6,203 909 pounds saws, steel. 86.900 doz. axes and edge tools.

6,982 tons.

20 boats 9l barges, 182,755 boxes, 6,989,000 box sliooks, and 9,018,000 feet of lumber.

80,800 pounds.

22,486 tons.

202.512.740 bricks.

53,605,700 bricks, fire.

190,972.

10,000 pounds curled hair.

88,000 brushes.

8.287 tons.

75,074,780.

54 000 bundles clothes-pins.

89 650 bushels shoe-pegs.

182,000 barrels.

821,935 kegs.

1,267 tons.

1,500 rifle barrels.

44 486 tons. 160 barrels. 80,000 pounds.

25.000.000. 1,500 tons.

756,650 spokes and hubs.

17,980 tons lead. 1,626,295 pounds shot.

80 locomotives. 6,096i dozen locks. 8, 000 tons.

Internal Affairs — Industrial Statistics.

BlAlfUPACTUReSi-liaSCElIiAlfEOUSCoiitiniied.

[No. 7 ,

Ikdv8Tbix0.

g

S

a

§

.a

z

:!

o

S

d

g

p SQ

£

flM

Ot*

fl

o

H

►

Amonot of goods manufkctared, not otherwlM eoonnted for.

Matches,

Maltsters,

Morocco and other leather, , spikes, etc., . . . . Nttro glycerine, etc., . . .

Oilcloths,

Oils and labricants, . . . . PalnU,

Paper strawboard, etc., . .

Pager hangings,

Pens, steel,

Pianos, organs, etc., . . . Pipes and tabes iron, . . .

Planing-miUs,

Potters, .

Powder and fusees,

Pumps, wooden,

Railings, iron,

Refrigerators,

Robber goods,

Salt, etc,

Sash, doors, blinds,

Scales,

Screw, Iron and brass, . .

Ship baildings,

Shoe blackening, etc., . . . Shovels, spades, etc., . .

Show cases,

Silverware, etc., . ... Soaps and candles, Springs and axles,

Spring mattresses, etc., . .

Smelting,

Stair rods,

Sugar reflners,

Snrsieal splints, etc., . . Tanks, wooden and iron, .

Tannique,

Textile machinery,

Tile

Tinware,

Tools,

Toys and traps,

Type,

Umbrellas, etc.,

Watches and watch cases, .

Whips,

White lead, etc.,

Wire and wire goods, . . .

Woodenware,

Wringers, etc. ,

Zinc and spelter,

1,455

2,028

2,277

2,020

1,510

1,880

1,888

1,517

68,888

08.880 00

60,898 85

1,152,229 80

1,218 05

41.287 47

270,908 01

5,727 00

87,826 29

818,441 81

148,925 85

10,000 00

218,974 57

761,896 84

1,664,208 78

281,028 55

289,980 87

2,960 00

66,492 77

66,625 18

20,000 00

27,826 81

282,468 96

78,087 80

81,960 00

80,655 61

25,496 00

254,484 04

87,966 69

68,800 81

260,600 99

819,929 14

28,512 00 ! 4,600 00 282,164 58

7,276 00

19,74160

15,000 00

58,807 52

1,200 00

115,658 86

810,708 47

51,984 00

28,728

680,284 61

251,846 00

12,828 00

466,268 76

686,944 27

140,644 25

54,802 18

78,000 00

129,181,888 50

15,254,407 44 101,245 15

1,441,216 89

882,616 88

1,804.241 65 940,864 06

828,470 75

1,860,827 80

6 480,442 71

441,585 00

219,288 80

18,214 18

123,850 00

185,870 45

26,000 00

787.764 91 224,686 00 163,486 11 101,370 64

' 646,054 75

100,804 15

176,48100

1,766,585 13

2 871,628 57

189,715 00

96,000 00

28,080 24

1,047,868 00

16,450 26

05,565 22

' 125,813 86 3,000 00

801.765 14 2,215,050 78

118,000 00

62,428 28

8,196,018 02

1,200,070 21

70,010 75

2,204,447 16

576,868 80

62826 28

845,245 80

185,631,476 80

64. 800 gross. 1,000,100 bushels.

S88 900 pounds.

5, 928 barrels. 272.200 gallons. 16.888,000 pounds. 48,284,801 pounds.

90,000.

58,865 tons. 80,728,600 feet lumber.

558, 166 kegs.

500,000 pounds.

26, 000 pairs rubber boots.

1,600,000 pounds. 65,968 dozen.

16,285,215 pounds. 15,100 set of axles. 25,821itons.

1,882, 680 gallons syrup. 144,007,149 pound refine sugar.

2,400, 000 pounds. 4,137 tons. 4,000 pounds.

88.2801 tons.

800 gross smoke pipes.

25,000 mops.

8,000 washing-machines.

0,500000 pounds.

Lbq. Doa]

StSEXT PASSBNGEB RAILWATa

Steeet Passengee Eailways.

A STATEMENT showing the number of lines operated, averctge number of hours operated each day, average number of persons employed, and the total amount paid in wages during the year.

LOOATIOM OF LiNBB.

hours

y-

0*0

P4

o

s

,Q 9

It

a

ti

So.

H

§§

o

►

Pittoburgb, . Reading, . . . Johnstown, . Harrisburg, . Chester, . . . Erie, Scranton, . . Wllkes-Barre, Pittston, . . . AI lento wn, . Williamsport, Strondsburg, Baston, . . . Pniladelpbia,

Total, . .

18J

8,687

16A

4,874

1828,189 05

11,820 94

6,972 27

9,409 84

9,000 00

6,647 58

15,620 00

2,094 00

1,200 00

4,258 50

5,828 00

2,175 00

2,646 60

1,949,721 62

92,860,068 85

Internal Affairs — Industrial Statistics.

[No. 1 ,

Employes.

AN EXHIBIT of the number of Employ engaged in the variotis indueiriea in the State, compiled from returns made to the JBureau for the year ending December

Coal— Antlkracltc.

Miners,

Miners laborers, . . Company men, . . . DrWers and runners,

Door-boySf

All others,

Engineers,

Firemen,

All other mechanics, Company laborers, . Slate-pickers, All others,*

Inside employees.

r

J

Oatalde employees.

22,062 U,841 8,778 6,021 2,480 1,753 1,M8 9,724 15,800 4,147

Total, 87,808

Coal— Bltuminoits*

Miners,

Inside laborers,

Outside laborers,

Male-drivers,

Blacksmiths and carpenters, Oyersecrs and clerks, . . . ,

Boys,

Coke-oven employees, . . . . All others,

81,966

1,588

8,121

2,670

1,691

2,388

Total, 45,454

Blast-FnmsMes.

Foundrymen, 140

Keepers and helpers, 1,188

Fillers, 2,025

Clndermcn, barrowmen, and hot-blast men, 1,483

Metal carriers and laborers, 4,207

Engineers and firemen, 651

Other mechanics, 717

All others, 2,676

Total, 18,082

Bloonaarlcs.

Run-oat men and helpers,

Forgemen and helpers,

Hammermen and helpers,

Engineers, blacksmiths, and carpenters.

Laborers,

Boys,

All others,

Total,

Bessemer Steel.

Converting department,

Blooming department,

Rail department,

Gas-prodndng department. Steam-producing department, . .

Forge department,

Locomotive department,

Miscellaneous department, Not classified,

1,458

1,880

2,283

Total, 7,502

Cmelble Steel.

Heaters,

Rollers and helpers,

Steel-melters and helpers,

Hammermen and helpers,

Engineers, blacksmiths, carpenters, miU-

wrights, and mechanics,

Straighteners, shearmen, helpers, firemen,

Ac,

Laborers,

Boys,

Not classified,

1,400 1,024

Total,

5,879

RolUns-Mills.

Puddlcrs and helpers,

Heaters,

Rollers,

Roll-hands,

Nailers and feeders,

Engineers, -wrlghta, blacksmiths, car- penters, and mechanics,

Laborers,

Boys,

All others,

7,968 1,006 1,708 1,244

1,870

1,618

6,646

Total, 86,503

Glass— IVindovr.

Blowers,

Gatherers,

Flatteners, cutters, and assorters, . Employees in fiattenlng department.

Batch-mixers,

Teasers and helpers,

Potmakers and assistants,

Laborers,

Not classified,

Its

1D4

Total, 1,607

k.

Leg. Doc.]

EMPliOYEES.

Glass— Flint and Green.

Presseri,

Handlers, flnlBtaers, and foot-flnishen, . Blowen— mold, chimney, and other, . .

Gatherers,

Mixers,

Teasers,

Cutters, grinders, and stopper-makers,

Iaborers,

Boys — snapping, carrying, and other, Kot classified,

2S0 Iso

1,981 I 2.6M

Sawyers,

Setters, edgers, and fliers, . Lath-sawyers and handlers,

Laborers,

Boys, ...

Kot olasslfled,

Iron-Fonndrte* and Macliini Sl&ope.

Molders,

Machinists,

Pattern-makers and carpenters,

Blacksmiths and helpers,

Boiler-makers and helpers,

Laborers,

Boys,

Not classified,

ToUl, 12,158

Total, 6,600

2,848

1,688

Masons and quarrymen, 900

Apprentices, 500

Notclasslfied, 14,110

Total, 75,742

Bllseellaneona*

Foremen, 1,417

Skilled workmen, 41,001

Unskilled workmen, 16,466

Boys, 8,687

Notclasslfied, 6,888

Total, 68,

Tanneries.

'I

2,688

1,664

2,125

1,646

2,866

Railroads.

Master mechanics, 54

General foremen, 84

Foremen, 819

Boad foreman of engines, 29

Clerks In all departments, 2,777

Telegraph operators, 1,749

Passenger and freight agents, 1,777

Depot and train-masters and dispatchers, . 562

Conductors— passenger and Arelght, 2,669

Brakemen, 8,827

Baggage-masters and porters, 844

Locomotive engineers, 2,515

Locomotive firemen, 2,648

Stationary enginemen and firemen, 268 Distributing and yard enginemen and fire- men, Ittro

Blacksmiths and helpers, 2,816

Machinists and helpers, . .' 8,113

Tinners, coppersmiths, and helpers, ... 877

Carpenters, 4*003

Painters, 7M

Trackmen and laborers, 22,867

7 Leg. Doc. No 7.

Tanners,

Beam-hands,

Tard-hands . . .

I Curriers, splitters, and shavers, . I Scourers, blackers, and finishers, I Laborers,

Notclasslfied,

Total, 6,620

40O 2,268

Total, 6,087

Textile Fabries.

Overseers,

Skilled workmen,

Unskilled workmen,

Boys under sixteen years of age,

Women and girls over fifteen years of

sge.

Girls nnder fifteen years,

Engineers,

Blacksmiths,

Carpenters,

Laborers,

Notclasslfied,

1,496

18,744

6,817

27,847

4,206

4,890

ToUl, 64,858

Iron Orei

Miners,

Miners' helpers, . Foremen, Engineers, Blacksmiths, . . Laborers and boys, Notclasslfied, . .

ToUl,

2S

Iilqnors-BIalt and Distilled.

Breweries, employees, Distillers, employees,

2,306

MlllingFlonr and Grist.

Millers and other employees,

4,728

Internal Affaibs — Industrial Statistics.

[No. 7,

Quarrymen,

Sawyers, planers, splitters, dressers, and

blockmakers,

Engineers,

Laborers,

Not classified,

aso

as

ToUl, 2,864

Street Railirayv.

Superintendents and assistants, . . . Stable foremen, hostlers, and feeders, Ck>ndactors,

1,142

Drivers, 1,128

Gar-housemen, ... 118

Teamsters, 82

Harness-makers, 24

Collectors, 6

Watchmen, 69

Blacksmiths, 100

Not classified, 485

Total, 8,827

Grand toUl, 450,206

LiBG. Doc.]

Employees.

AH EXHIBIT of the average daily wages paid to employ ia of various occupations throughout the State from 1875 to 1884, compiled from manufacturers* and opera- tors* returns to the Bureau,

Occupations.

Anthracite eoal, on contract, . . . .

Miners on wage,

Laborers, Inside,

Ltaborers, ontslde,

Platform men and others. Slate pickers, boss, Slace pickers, bojs, lioor and fkn boys, . . . Drivers and mnners, . . .

£og:lneers,

Firemen,

Blacksmiths,

Carpenters,

Other employees,

fSOO

Bituminous eoal.

Miners, .

Laborers, inside,

Laborers, outside,

Mule drivers,

Blacksmiths,

Carpenters,

Mining overseers,

Clerks,

Coke-oven chargers, . . . Coke-oven drawers, . . . Boys,

Btatt'fumaeet,

Fonndrymen,

Keepers,

Keepers* helpers,

Fillers

Cindermen,

Barrowmen,

Hot-blast man,

Welghmen,

Metal carriers,

Engineers,

Firemen,

Blacksmiths,

Blacksmiths* helpers, . . .

Carpenters,

Laborers,

Foremen,

Other employees,

Bloomariea,

Ran-oat men,

Forgemen,

Helpers,

Hammermen, . . . ,

Hammermen helpers, .

Engineers,

Blacksmiths,

Carpenters,

Laborers,

Boys,

Other employees, . . . .

28S

H

2U

f2 00

To

(2 62

f2 70

]

b2

Internal Affaibh — Industrial Statistics.

[NaT,

EASTERBT DISTRICT, comprising the counties of Berks, Bucks, Chester, Colum- bia, Cumberland, Dauphin, Delaware, Lackawanna, Lancaster, Lebanon, Lehigh, Mifflin, Montgomery, Montour, Northampton, Northumberland, Perry, Philadel- phia, and Schuylkill.

Occupations.

Sollinff'MUU.

Puddlera, ,

Puddleri* helpers,

Heaters,

Heaters* helpers

Rollers,

Roughers,

Catchers,

Hookers,

Shearmen,

Stralghteners,

Engineers,

1878. 1874. 1875. 187B. 1877.

ill' 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. ' 188L 1883.

Millwrights,

Blacksmiths,

Machinists,

Carpenters,

Nailers,

Feeders,

Firemen,

Laborers

Boys,

lYESTERIi DISTRICT, comprising the counties of Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver,

JErie, Lawrence, Mercer, and Westmoreland.

Occupations.

U78.

2 no

, 5 01

,724

' 315

18S8.

Pnddlers,

Puddlers* helpers,

18 80 87 1 74 1 75 162 ; 1 60 244 ! 188 239 ! 260 1 87 ' Iffl

Heaters,

400 470 470 163 168 180 7 24 6 50 I B M

Hesters* helpers,

Rollers,

Rottghers,

Catchers,

8 3!

Hookers,

182 1 125 1 88 1 1 7S

1 5U

Shearmen,

Stralghteners,

Engineers,

Millwrights,

Blacksmiths,

Machinists,

Carpenters,

NaUers,

Feeders,

Firemen.

Laborers,

Boys.

Lbq. Doc.]

Employees.

BESSBMER STEEIi WORKS.

Occupations.

Converting Department. Superintendent, Foreman, . . . Blowers, . . Metal handlers, . Metal wheelers, . Welghmasters, . Hoist, hydraalic, Stockers, Iron, Ac.

Chargers

Iron melters, . . Spelgel melters, Speigel melters* helpers, Iron melters* helpers,

Clndermen,

Runner hands, Converter hands, . Converter-bottom bnilders, Ladle hands and pit men, .

Regulators,

Engineers,

1880. 1881.

8G0

Blooming Department,

Foremen,

Heaters,

Heaters* helpers,

Door-hands,

Buggymen,

Markers,

Rollers,

Assistant rollers,

Screwmen, . .

Catchers,

Shearsmen,

Levermen,

Hammermen,

Engineers,

Drillers

Chip and fliers,

Telegraphers, Btralghtenlng-press hands.

Inspectors,

Recorders,

Drillsmlths,

Rail-loaders,

Engineers,

Sail Department, Superintendent, . . . . Heaters, . . . .

Heaters* helpers, . . . .

Chargers,

Drawers,

Door-bands,

Recorders,

Stockers,

Buggymen,

Ronghers,

Second ronghers, . . . .

Catchers,

Extra catchers,

Hookers,

'2 10

fsoo

31S

f8 00

1 2D

OcCUFATIOirS.

JRail Department—Con" tinued.

Hot clippers,

Strikers,

Drag-outs,

Hydraulic hands, . . . . ,

Clean-ups,

Hot-bed hands,

Stampers,

Cold stralghteners, . . ,

Gaggers,

Firemen, ,

F&rge Department.

Foremen,

Heaters,

Heaters* helpers, . . .

Door-hands,

Buggymen

Hammermen,

Tongsmen

Hookers, Ac,

Engineers,

OcU'Prodwsing Depart- ment,

Foremen,

Ashmen,

Firemen,

Locomotive Department.

Foremen,

Welghmasters,

Hostlers, ,

Engineers,

Brakemen,

Steam-Produeing Depart- ment.

Foremen,

Water-tenders, . . .

Assistant water-tenders, .

Monkeys, . . .

Ashmen,

Coal-heavers,

Firemen,

Mieeellaneoue Depart- ment.

Machinists,

Machinists* helpers, Blacksmiths, . .

Blacksmiths* helpers, . .

Carpenters,

Foundrymen,

Painters,

Masons and bricklayers. Masons* helpers,

Laborers,

Horses and carts,

Boys,

] 61

m

f8 23

1882. 'l888

B2

102 Internal Affairs — Industrial Statistics. [No. t,

AVCRAGE DAIIiY WAGES OF EMPIiOYEES— Continued.

Occupation'S.

Chrueible and other SUel.

Steel melters,

Steel melters helpers,

Hammermen,

Hammermen M helpers,

Engineers*

Blacksmiths,

Carpenters,

Machinists,

Millwrights,

Firemen,

Laborers,

Shearsmen, straightrs, ft handlers.

Boys,

Wire drawers,

Other employees,

Miners, Miners* helpers. Engineers, . . . Foremen, Blacksmiths, . . Laborers, . . . Boys, . . . .

All others, . . .

Iron Ore,

Iron Foundries,

Foremen,

Ironmolders,

Machinists, (best.) . . Machinists, (ordinary,) .

Boiler-makers,

Riveters,

Holders-on,

Flangers,

Blacksmiths

Blacksmiths* helpers, . . .

Engineers,

Pattern-makers,

Carpenters,

Laborers, .

Other employees,

Boys,

2tff

(2 17

Window Glass,

Foremen,

Blowers of double strength glass, . Blowers of single strength glass, . Gatherers of doable strength glass. Gatherers of single strength glass,

Flatteners,

Cutters, 1

Assorters of glass, . . . .'

Layers-ln— flattening department, j Layers-ont— flattening department, ' Leer-tenders-flattening departmU, j

Batchmixers, . . '

Lime-sifters, I

Sand-sifters, I

Master teazers,

Master teazers* helpers, '

Teazers, I

Coal-wheelers, !

Pot-makers,

Pot-makers* assistants,

Glass-packers, .

Glass-packers* assistants,

Laborers,

Teamsters,

Other employees,

H

Flint and Green Glass,

Pressers, first-class,

Pressers, second-class,

Pressers, third-class,

Handlers,

Finishers,

Foot-flnlshers,

Mold, chimney, and other blowers,

Go

f2 6o

8U

T9

(6 50

2S7

G2

To

Si

8:44

Leg. Doc] EMPLOYBEa

AVERAGE DAIIiY WAGES OF EMPIiOYEES- Continued.

Occupations.

187B.

1W7.

Flint and Qrten Qlcus—Oon- tin%ud.

1

fl64

RniLnnincr iLfiil ftAi*FTlfiir t>OTA. . .

Mold-maken,

Mold cleaners, greasers, holders, IftixAra

Cutters,

IvPilKleFA

1 87 1 Sb

Honvliepfl.

1 88 1 88

flhnArem

Stonnpr-tns,kfiTB.

Mold papering, packing, and other

iMITa. .- a.

PekArB.

liAbord*fl ...

Othsp emnloTses.

LiquoraMalt and Dietilled. TMBtlflem

TMAtlllnrs* AaaistAntc.

MaUters

'Bckttlara

Millers

flellRnnAn

Book-kAAnArfl.

Drivers,

BtaKlpinpTi

MBBBflrera.

All others.

Lumber. foremen.

1 So

BfittArft. AilffArs. And fllfira.

Snglneers,

Liaborers.

Boys,

Lath sawyers and hinders, Other emnloTees.

9

Millina— Flour and Orisi, Millers

BnirlnAArs.

Teamsters.

Tj.borers

All othAra.

Fetroleum-'Orude and Bejtned.

Pninners.

Drillers

Tool— dressers.

fitlllmen.

Plne-llne men.

Cooners.

Liaborers.

All others.

aiais.

ftAwvAr.

Planers.

Snlltters

Dtaabah. .

Block-DiAkfirA.

Stone-cutters.

Bndneers.

Ijahorers.

All others,

Internal Affairs — Industrial Statistics.

[No. T,

AVERAGE DAI1.Y WAGES OP EMPLOY EESContlnued.

Occupations.

Tanneries.

Tanners,

Beam-bands,

Yard-bands,

Boilers and spongers. Bark grinders,

Laborers,

Engineers,

Curriers,

Splitters,

Sbavers, Table-hand scourers,

Blackers,

Finishers, . . .

Other employees, . .

Textile Fabrics.

Overseers,

Skilled workmen,

Unskilled workmen,

Boys under 16 years, . Women and girls over 16 years,

Girls under 16 years,

Engineers,

Blacksmiths,

Carpenters,

Laborers,

Other employees,

Miscellaneous.

Foremen,

Skilled workmen, . . . Unskilled workmen, . . Boys,

♦1

187B.

flTO

7B U

n

fl46

fl45

Zl

18S8.

7S

AVERAGE MONTHIiY WAGES OP EMPI.OYEES.

Bailroads— Conducting Trans- poriation.

Clerks,

Chief telegraph operators,

Telegraph operators, . . .

Passenger and Areight agents, . . .

Depot-masters,

General dispatcher A train-master.

Train -dispatchers, ...

Conductors, passenger,

Conductors, fireight,

Brakcmen, passenger,

Brakemen, freight,

Janitors,

Watchmen,

Baggage-masters,

Switch-tenders,

Baggage-porters,

Policemen,

Gate and llagmen,

Cleaners,

Messengers,

Weigh-masters,

Laborers,

Blacksmiths,

Blacksmlths helpers,

Warehousemen,

Oargo-inspeotor,

Maintenance of Way.

Sttpenrisors,

Track-foremen,

Trackmen,

Switchmen,

Conductors, work trains, . . Flagmen, work trains, . . Brakemen, work trains, . .

Pumpers,

Master carpenters

Foremen carx>euters, Carpenters,

f47 81

106 So

71fi

4B21

17 U

19U

80 Co

44(M

Leg. Doc]

Employees.

AVEKAGE MONTHLY WAGES OF EMPXOYEB9-.Coiitiiiued,

Occupatioh8.

Maintenanet of YFay— (7onf<n(f.

Toremen, laborers,

Laborers,

Foremen, masoiis,

Masons,

Foremen, quarrymen,

Quarrymen,

Blacksmiths,

Blacksmiths* helpers,

Painters, . .

Telegraph repairmen,

All others,

Mo%iy P<yio€r,

Master mechanics,

General foremen,

Foremen,

Road foremen of engines, . Motive power clerks, . . . . Engine preparers, . . . . Assistant engine preparers,

Car Inspectors,

Oar cleaners,

Riggers,

Watchmen,

Machinists,

Machinists* helpers, . . . Machinists* apprentices, .

Blacksmiths,

Blacksmiths* helpers, . . Blacksmiths* apprentices, . Boller-roakers, . . .

BoUer-makers* helpers, . .

Tinners,

Tinners* helpers,

Tinners* apprentices, . . . .

Coppersmiths,

Carpenters, . . . . .

Carpenters* apprentices, . Laborers, carpenter shop, .

Trimmers,

Painters, ... ...

Painters* apprentices, . . . Laborers, paint shop,

Oil distributors,

Coal men,

Grinders, ...

Laborers,

Engine cleaners,

Stationary engineers, . . . . Stationary firemen, . . . Passenger englnemen, . . .

Passenger firemen,

Freight englnemen, . . . . Freight firemen. Distributing englnemen, . Distributing firemen, . . . .

Yard englnemen,

Yard firemen,

All others,

t85 66

65 W

68*76

Sb 68

1S7 82

t80 87 45 so'

'44 60

fnoo

80 S2

4! 52

Internal Affairs — Industrial Statistics.

[No. 1 ,

AVERAGE NUMBER OP HOURS WORKED, AND AVERAGE DAIIiY

Wages Per Day.

Street Railways.

Oooupationb.

Average hours worked per day.

Average

daily wages

188S.

Saperintendents, . . .

Aflsistant superintendents, .

Stable foremen,

Gonduotors,

Drivers, . . ...

Drivers, fare-box oars,

Hostlers,

Feeders,

Car-honsenien,

Blacksmiths,

Teamsters,

Harness-makers,

Watohmen,

Fare-box oolleotors,

All others,

Leg. Doc]

Employees.

fl

s

Qq

a o

bo

P O

Od

Q

c; O

Qq

s o

n

b S

a; O ►

I g I

s

o

'd

o

bo

a

jd Eh

bo g

I a

s 9

8

O

"Hi

08

O

Qq

U

a o

ja

o

a o

Qq

a

fl 0?

c? bO

.9

s

OQ "o

o

c: a; bo

o

Od 0/

o

Co

§

O

Cm O

6

o pj

I-*

'd

§

bo

'O

0) M

u w

08 O 9

qso-Jintld jo poqtam dqx

'P1d 9J soSvii n9Uo MOH

joj eaJIfVii a( isoi Xanonf

*t9ixisiiq jvinSaj vf po -Xoidmaun sivp jo aaqmnn

910qil 9m Xq B09in|O|8

JO tnnooov no Id jo nui pnv Ivnno paniqnioo aqx

jvoX qi Safinp sma -ofs Iqisoi evp jo jaquni

paonpQj oq PTnoqs ami) Sn)i|jOii iSXvp qova vm sjnoq jo jaqmuH

no paifaoii sjnoq jo laqmiii

pa!|iOA fljnoq jo aaqman

o O

"8

o (4

mOOOOOOOt'SoOauOO'SOOOOOOO

SSSSSSSS 88IS88S8 18 88 2.9Sg8§§g ; g8S§SeS

8;3ssg88 S5 : 682S8n :8

8g£3g8

s .

gas

S8

S

M

M

ot) o

o

Is Cd

O

a c3 a e o o o

3 S

']|aTq joiaqmnii

Internal Affaibs — Industrial Statistics.

[Xo. 7,

S

m

e

s

'spoollaiois JO qtK>~SaiId JO poqiom oqj.

9i tdJHM. uaqjo moh

teaaisnq jvi -nJSoj peXoidmoan 9inTt joj saSviM. uf 80OI XaoK

*e9onT0nq ivinSdi nf pa -i[oidaiaan sXvp jo jaqinnei

'jraaiC aq) JSuijnp axoqiii oq) Xq anifotfl pa Xvitno paaiqinoo aqx

jaX aq ItfniJnp 9eaa -i|oia An )BOi JO jaqnxn

'paanpajaq Pinoqt 9VC[\% 9uniOM ' qde 9qi unoq jo laqmnii

14

.s s

is .S

o o o o

aoooooeooooooooooossooooosSS

Cm

o

M

, o o o o

O'3'O'O

.Ifl

X

6 6 64a k 0<r:2

a o

S<3

o e o 9

o

no paiJOii tanoq jo laqmn x

pa3|JOii Mnoq jo jaqmnji