Talc and soapstone in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii

Chidester, A.H., Worthington, Henry Wilson · 1962 · Report

<p>The locations of talc and soapstone deposits in the United States (exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii) arc shown on the accompanying map. The two types are…

Public-domain full text preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library. Original source: pubs.usgs.gov.

/DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY -el \-Vq-Z-9 711A1-1?"4A 0 ACCOMPANY MAP MR- 31 SC , TALC AND SOAPSTONE IN THE UNITED STATES (Exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii) By A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington Introduction The locations of talc and soapstone deposits in the United States (exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii) arc shown on the accompanying map. The two types are distinguished by the shape of symbols; the relative importance of the deposits, expressed in broad ranges of tonnage, is indicated by the size of symbols. Two persistent belts in the Southeastern States are shown by patterns, and the locations of the principal de­ posits within these belts are shown by appropriate symbols. All map locations are numbered consecutively in each state and identified in the Locality Index, which gives the name, geographic coordinates, and brief geologic description. The map and text were compiled from published reports and un­ published information in the files of the Geological Survey. At least one reference is given for each locality if reports on it have been published. Geology Talc is essentially a hydrous magnesium silicate; its formula is generally given as Mg3Si4 (OH)2. Small amounts of iron commonly substitute for magnesium, and very small amounts of aluminum probably substitute for silicon and magnesium. The pure mineral is pale green to white, soft (1 on Mohs' scale), and has a greasy or slippery feel. It varies in habit from fine grained and massive to coarsely flaky and schistose. In industrial usage, the term "talc" designates a wide variety of rocks that range in composition from nearly pure talc, through rocks with only moderate or minor proportions of talc and large proportions of carbonate, serpentine, amphibole, chlorite, and other silicates, CO rocks composed almost entirely of tremolite. The term "soapstone" designates impure varie­ ties of massive talc rock; it is now generally applied to varie­ ties of talcose rocks used for the manufacture of sawed and shaped slabs. The term "steatite" has been variously used in the past as an alternative mineralogical name for talc, as a synonym for soapstone, and as a name for virtually pure talc rock. In geological usage, steatite now generally designates a rock composed almost entirely of talc; in industrial usage the term implies, in addition, that the material is suitable for the manufacture of high-grade ceramic bodies such as highfrequency insulators. Deposits of talc and soapstone are virtually restricted to areas of folded and metamorphosed rocks and are characteristic of such terranes of various ages in many parts of the world. Xttithin the conterminous United States, they arc scattered throughout the eastern and western cordilleras and in the south-central states. Commercial deposits are of two classes: those derived from or associated with sedimentary rocks; and those derived from or associated with ultramafic and mafic igneous rocks. Dolo­ mite is the characteristic host rock for talc deposits in sedi­ mentary rocks, but many deposits are in quartzite, phyllite, mafic volcanic rocks, and even in adjacent granitic rocks. Most of the talc associated with ultramafic and mafic igneous rocks is derived from serpentinite; in a few places, mafic igneous rocks are altered extensively to soapstone-type deposits. Talc deposits are products of both contact and regional metamorphic processes. In many of the deposits in carbonate rocks and in some deposits in ultramafic rocks, adjacent or nearby bodies of igneous rock, including both granitic rock bodies and diabase sills and dikes, were clearly the source of heat and of introduced constituents. Many, perhaps most, deposits associated with serpentinite, and many deposits in sedimentary rocks, appear to have formed under conditions in which both the heat and the introduced constituents were of regional metamorphic origin. Talc deposits formed by regional metamorphism of carbon­ ate rock commonly have a complex history of progressive and retrograde metamorphism, and the mineralogy of the deposits may therefore be correspondingly complex; many such depos­ its contain abundant tremolite, serpentine, and other silicates. Deposits formed by contact metamorphism of otherwise relatively unmetathorphosed carbonate rock commonly arc mineralogically simple and contain a large proportion of rela­ tively pure talc rock. Deposits formed by regional metamor­ phism of ultramafic rocks differ greatly, but many contain a relatively thick inner zone of talc-carbonate rock surrounded by a thin shell of virtually carbonate-free talc rock. Contact metamorphic deposits in scrpentinite, such as those adjacent to granitic pegmatites, consist largely of talc rock that contains relatively little carbonate. Deposits in mafic igneous rock commonly arc mineralogically complex; most contain only small to moderate proportions of talc and large proportions of chlorite, amphibole, and other silicates. Although there is considerable variation in each class of deposit, talc associated with sedimentary rock tends to be whiter and purer than tale associated with ultramafic igneous rock. By far the most important commercial sources of highquality talc are in dolomitic marble, but some deposits of very pure talc arc in quartzite and granite. fibrous varieties of talc consist largely or entirely of trcmolite and are in dolo­ mitic marble. The talc in most deposits in ultramafic rock is relatively high in iron, both as disseminated very fine grained magnetite and in the form of Fe +2 substituting for Mg in the talc itself.

Production and uses The United States produces a little more than half a million tons of talc annually. The largest producers are New York, California, Georgia, Vermont, Texas, Montana, North Caro­ lina, Maryland, and Virginia. In recent years Washington, Nevada, Arkansas, Alabama, and Oregon have been sporadic producers. Talc and soapstone are highly versatile materials in industry; there arc many different grades and many uses for each grade. Properties that make talc desirable for industrial use include extreme softness, whiteness, luster, high slip, chemical inert­ ness, and low electrical and thermal conductivity. The work­ ability of raw talc and the exceptionally high mechanical strength, bending and impact resistivity, electrical resistivity, and high fusion point of fired ceramic products made from talc make it especially suited for the manufacture of highfrequency insulators. Six industries-ceramics, paint, rubber, insecticides, roofing, and paper-consume from 70 to 75 per­ cent of the talc produced annually. Special uses are diverse: it is used in white shoe polishes, as a dusting powder for salami, to impart a finish to leather and nails, as a filler in plastics, as an abrasive for peanuts and grains of gunpowder, and as a component of some cup greases. Locality Index Locality Lat. N. Long. W. Alabama 1. Talladega. Talc probably derived from 33°19' 86°13' dolomite. McMurray and Bowles, 1941. 2. Dadeville area. Soapstone probably 32°53' 85°40' associated with mafic igneous rocks. Maynard and others, 1923; Pallister, Arkansas 1. Benton area, Wallis quarry. Talc-car- 34°42' 96°36' bonate and talc rock probably associated with serpentinite. Ladoo, 1923. California 1. Ganim mine. Talc rock in altered zone 40°37' 122°34' in metaandesite. Wright, 1957. 2. McLean mine. Soapstone associated 39°44' 121°27' with serpentinite. Wright, 1957. 3. Prouty mine. Soapstone associated with 38°38' 120°57' serpentinite. Wright, 1957. 4. Swift and Pacific Minerals Company 38°34' 120°56' mines. Soapstone associated with serpentinite. Inyo Range-Northern Panamint Range district. Deposits in this district consist predominantly of talc rock associated with and derived from sedimentary rocks, chiefly dolomite. In places some of the talc, and locally a large proportion of it, is derived from quartzite. Norman and Stewart, 1951; Page, 1951; Wright, 1957. 5. Longhorn and Nikolaus mines. 37°13' 117°54' 6. Blue Star mine. 37°07' 118°26' 7. Blue Stone mine. 36°53' 118°05' 8. Willow Creek, White Eagle, Gray Eagle 36°50' 117°56' mines; Eleanor and Doris Dee prospects 9. Hilderman mine. 36°44' 117°53' 10. Homestake prospect. 36°38' 117°34' 11. Ubehebe (Stone Pencil) and White 36°38' 117°30' Horse mines. 12. Gold Belt mine. 36°36' 117°27' 13. Bonham, Alberta, Florence, Mass, and 36°35' 117°48' Skinner mines; Branson prospect. 14. Lenbeck, Lakeview, and Eclipse mines; 36°35' 117°57' Powder Puff prospect. 15. White Swan, Smith, and Viking mines. 36°21' 117°43' 16. Frisco, Talc City, Trinity, Silver Dollar, 36°20' 117°41' Alliance, Irish, and Victory mines; Bob Cat prospects. Southern Death Valley-Kingston Range district. Deposits of this district consist predominantly of talc and tremolite formed by the alteration of a carbonate member of the Crystal Spring Formation, of late Precambrian age. Depos­ its are adjacent to diabase sills. Norman and Stewart, 1951; Wright, 1957; Wright and others, 1953. 17. Death Valley and Bonnie mines. 36 °01' 116°55' 18. Seal prospects. 36°00' 116°56' 19. Montgomery mine. 35 °591 116° 56' 20. Warm Springs mine. 35 °58' 116° 54' 21. Panamint prospect. 35 °57' 116 °53' 22. Owlshead prospects. 35 °52' 116°43' 23. Unnamed prospect. 35 °56' 116°38' 24. Brown prospect. 35 °48' 116°27' 25. Eclipse, Markley, Arletta, Giant, and 35 °50' 116° 24' Mammoth mines; unnamed prospect. 26. Ibex, Monarch, and Pleasonton mines. 35 °47' 116° 24' 27. A. C. prospect. 35 °47' 116°16' 28. Amargosa mine and unnamed prospect. 35 °44' 116° 14' 29. Western and Acme mines. 35 °47' 116°08' 30. Donna Loy mine. 35 °48' 116°05' 31. Booth mine. 35 °44' 116°05' 32. Rogers and Tecopah mines. 35 °46' 116°00' 33. Crystal Springs mine. 35 °48' 115 ° 57' 34. Harry Adams mine and Kingston pros35 °47' 115 °55' pect. 35. Excelsior mine and Kingston No. 1 35°47' 115°50' prospect. 36. Pongo, Superior, White Cap, and Sara35°42' 116°24' toga mines. 37. Grimshaw, BFJ, and BBJ. 35°41' 116°21' 38. Sheep Creek mine. 35°35' 116°22' 39. Annex and Berryhill mines, Anderson 35°31' 116°06'

and Van Talc prospects. 40. Ceramic mine, Patricia and Blue White 35°30' 116°02' prospects. Silver Lake-Yucca Grove district. Deposits of this district are replacements of dolomite strata in early(?) Precambrian metasedimentary and intrusive rocks. Ore consists of in­ termixed massive tremolite rock and schistose talc rock. Wright, 1954; 1957: 41. Silver Lake mine. 35°27' 116°00' 42. Yucca mine. 35 023' 115°49' 43. Halloran Spring (Calmasil Extension, 35 °24' 115°48' Great Wanamingo) prospect 44. Yucca Grove and Calmasil mines. 35°25' 115°48' 45. Katz mine. Soapstone associated with 34°28' 118°10' serpentinite. Wright, 1957. 46. Arrow Point deposit (Santa Catalina 33°28' 118°33' mine). Soapstone probably associated with serpentinite. Tucker, 1927; Wright, 1957. Connecticut 1.Torrington-New Hartford area. Soap41°51' 73°02' stone probably related to serpentinite. Rice and Gregory, 1906. 2. Maltby Lakes. Soapstone associated 41 °18' 72°58' with serpentinite. Georgia Murphy Marble belt. Talc rock derived from dolomitic rocks of the Murphy Marble. Belt extends into North Carolina. Hopkins, 1914; Van Horn, 1948. 1.Sweetgun area, J. L. Grey, and unnamed 34°58' 84°12' prospects. 2. Mineral Bluff area (John Harper, J. B. 34°54' 84 ° 15' Dickey, and W. T. S. and G. M. Dickey mines and prospect). 3. Blue Ridge area, J. W. Wishon property. 34 0 50' 84°21' Chatsworth district. Deposits consist of talc-carbonate and talc rock probably altered from dolomitic portions of the Cohutta Schist but possibly derived from ultramafic igneous rocks. Furcron and Teague, 1947; Hopkins, 1914. 4. Fort Mountain, Mill Creek, Earnest, and 34°47' 84°42' Lindsay mines. 5. Southern, Cohutta, and Latch mines; 34°46' 84°43' Fields, Hammock, and Russell prospects. 6. Old Cohutta, Judge's Pit, Georgia, and 34 °44' 84°43' Bramlet mines; Bramlet prospect. 7. Pickering, Rock Creek Road, and Chick34°43' 84 °43' en Creek mines. 8. Dillards area. Soapstone probably asso34°57' 83°26' ciated with ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 9. Mack and Wolfpit Mountains. Soap34 °46' 83°37' stone and talc rock probably associated with ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 10. Cleveland. Soapstone probably associ- 34 037' 83°45' aced with ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 11. Cornelia. Anthophyllite probably 34 0 33' 83°33' derived from mafic igneous rocks, but parent rock unknown. Hopkins, 1914. 12.Soapstone Ridge. Anthophyllite prob- 34 °26' 83°52' ably derived from mafic igneous rocks, parent rock unknown. 13. Dahlonega area. Soapstone probably 34°33' 83°56' associated with mafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 14. Elberton area, near Bethlehem Church. 34°03' 82°42' Soapstone probably associated with mafic or ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 15.Center. Soapstone probably associated 34°05' 83°24' with mafic or ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 16. Ballground. Talc rock associated with 34°20' 84°25' Murphy marble. Hopkins, 1914. 17. Holly Springs. Soapstone probably 34°10' 84°31' associated with mafic or ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 18.Dallas area, Harris property. Soap- 33°59' 84°52' stone probably associated with mafic or ultramafic igneous rock. Hopkins, 19.Conley. Soapstone probably associated 33°46' 84°20' with mafic or ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 20. Phinizy area, near Appling. Soapstone 33°38' 82°14' probably associated with mafic or ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914; LeGrand and Rurcron, 1956. 21. Villa Rica area. Soapstone probably 33°44' 84°56' associated with mafic or ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 22. Carrollton area. Soapstone probably 33°35' 85°04' associated with mafic or ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914; Maynard and others, 1923. 23. Centralhatchee Creek. Soapstone prob- 33°24' 85 '08' ably associated with mafic or ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914 Maynard and others, 1923. 24. St. Marks. Soapstone probably asso- 33°08' 84°50' ciated with mafic or ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 25. West Point area. Soapstone probably 32°54' 85°10' associated with mafic or ultramafic rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 26. Chipley area. Soapstone probably 32°52' 84°52' associated with mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914; May3

nard and others, 1923. 7. Tully Mountain quarry. Soapstone 42°39' 72°15' probably derived from mafic igneous 27. Mountain Creek area. Soapstone asso32°48' 84°59' rocks. Hadley, 1949; Pearre, 1956. ciated with mafic and ultramafic igne­ ous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 8. Petersham quarries. Soapstone prob42 ° 29' 72° 15' ably derived from mafic igneous rocks. 28. Moore property. Soapstone probably 33°41' 84°21' Pearre, 1956. associated with mafic or ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. MONTANA IDAHO Dillon-Ennis district. Deposits consist of talc rock associated with and derived from dolomitic rocks of the Cherry Creek 1. Unnamed prospect near Riggins. Talc45°22' 116°18' Series, of Precambrian age. Perry, 1948. carbonate and talc rock associatedwith and largely derived from serpentinite, 1. Lausche mine. 45°15' 112°21' but also appears to be transitional into 2. Treasure, Beaverhead, and Brown mines; 45°14' 112°18' and partly derived from carbonate rock. Whitney and Ruby View prospects MAINE 3. Keystone and Sweetwater mines. 45°10' 112 °25' 1. Spencer area. Talc-carbonate and talc 45°21' 70°14' 4. Smith-Dillon mine. 45°07' 112°32' rock associated with serpentinite. Wing, 5. Estelle mine. 45°07' 112°18' 6. Pettus No. 1 and Pettus No. 2 prospect. 45°06' 112°01' MARYLAND 7. Yellowstone (Johnny Gulch) mine. 45°04' 111°44' 1. Rock Springs quarries. Talc rock asso- 39°43' 76°08' ciated with serpentinite in contact with NEVADA pegmatite. Pearre and Heyl, 1960. Palmetto-Oasis district. Deposits consist of talc rock associ2. Bald Friar quarry. Talc rock associated 39°42' 76°12' aced with and derived from sedimentary rocks, chiefly with serpentinite in contact with pegdolomite; in some deposits some of the talc is derived from matite. Pearre and Heyl, 1960. quartzite. The deposits are similar to those of the Inyo Range-Panamint Range district. 3. Dublin and Scarboro quarries. Talc39°39' 76°17' carbonate and talc rock in serpentinite 1. Nevada Talc and Nevada No. 1 mines 37°31' 117°46' in contact with pegmatites. Pearre 2. Mae Talc, High Ridge, Shaw, White 37°29' 117°44' and Heyl, 1960. Eagle Nos. 1 and 2, Emma, Laura Bell, 4. Rocks (Airs) quarry. Soapstone asso- 39 ° 38' 76°25' and Camp View mines. ciated with serpentinite. Pearre and 3. Oasis, Roseamelia, Reed, White Eagle, 37°26' 117°45' Heyl, 1960. White Swan, and Oversight mines. 5. Oursler and Marriotsville quarries. 39°22' 76°55' 4. White Cloud No. 1, Hideout and Cow- 37°25' 117°43' Soapstone associated with serpentinite. hide, Mac Boyles Blue, White King, Pearre and Heyl, 1960. Sunny Side, Paramount, Alta, Lone Springs, Belle, and White Bird mines. MASSACHUSETTS 5. Tamarack and Log Spring mines 37°24' 117°39' 1. Rowe quarries. Talc-carbonate and talc 42°43' 72°55' rock derived from ultramafic igneous rocks. Pearre, 1956. NEW HAMPSHIRE 2. Cummington quarry. Soapstone prob- 42°29' 73°07' Deposits consist of soapstone probably associated with ultraably derived from mafic igneous rocks. mafic or mafic igneous rocks. Meyers and Stewart, 1956; Pearre, 1956. Pearre and Calkins, 1957b. 3. Middlefield prospects. Soapstone prob- 42°22' 72°59' 1. Page quarry. 44°07' 71°59' ably derived from mafic igneous rocks. Pearre, 1956. 2. Cottonstone Mountain quarry. 43°551 72°06' 4. Unnamed quarry. Soapstone probably 42°11' 72°58' 3. Orfordville prospects. 43°54' 72°04' derived from mafic igneous rocks. 4. Orfordville quarry. 43°52' 72°06' Pearre, 1956. 5. Unnamed quarry. 43°19' 71°35' 5. Blandford quarry. Soapstone probably 42°10' 72°55' derived from mafic igneous rocks. 6. Hodgdon quarry. 43°15' 71°45' Pearre, 1956. 7. Hodgdon quarry. 43°03' 71°46' 6. Granville quarry. Soapstone probably 42°03' 72°55' 8. Francestown Soapstone Company quarry. 43°00' 71°47' derived from mafic igneous rocks. 9. Richmond quarry. 42°45' 72°13' Pearrc, 1956.

NEW JERSEY 19. Holcombe Branch deposit, Carter 35°50' 82°27 mine. Hunter, 1941. 1. Phillipsburg. Talc rock derived from 40°42' 75°10' Precambrian dolomite similar to the 20. Democrat deposit. Hunter, 1941. 35 °47' 82 °29' Grenville Formation. Ladoo, 1923; 21. Laurel Creek area. Hunter and 35 °55' 82°40' Peck, 1905. Gildersleeve, 1946; Murdock, 1950. NEW MEXICO 22. Marshall area. Murdock, 1950; Stuckey 35°48' 82°43' and Conrad, 1958. 1. Hembrillo and Red Rock mines. Talc 32°58' 106°32' rock derived from dolomite and phyllite. 23. Weaverville area. 35°41' 82 ° 36' 24. Newfound Gap-Newfound Creek area. 35 ° 36' 82 °46' NEW YORK 25. Newfound Mountain. 35°36' 82°52' Balmat-Edwards (Gouverneur) district. Deposits consist of talc rock, tremolite, and anthophyllite derived from dolo­ 26. Middleton deposit. Conley, 1958; 35 °26' 83°05' mites of the Precambrian Grenville Series. Engel, 1949; Hunter, 1941. Gilluly, 1945; Luedke and others, 1959. 27. Addie deposit. Conley, 1958; Hunter, 35 °23' 83°10' 1. Talcville area. 44 °19' 75°18' 2. American, Woodcock (Loomis), Wright, 44 ° 16' 75°24' 28. Wolf Mountain. 35 °15' 83°00' and Arnold mines and nearby deposits. Murphy Marble belt. Deposits consist of talc rock derived 3. Natural Bridge area. Tremolite, talc 44°05' 75°28' from a dolomite zone near the stratigraphic center of the rock, and anthophyllite, derived from Murphy Marble. Van Horn, 1948. dolomite and granitic rocks. Newland, 29. Nantahala mine. 35°19' 83° 39' 30. Maltby and Biltmore mines. 35°10' 83°56' NORTH CAROLINA 31. Moore, Regal, and Hayes mines. 35 °08' 84°00' Northwestern North Carolina. Deposits consist of soapstone and talc rock principally derived from and associated with 32. Nancy Jordan Nos. 1-3 and Cold 35 °05' 84°03' Springs mines. ultramafic igneous rocks, peridotite and serpentinite; some are derived from gabbro and other mafic igneous rocks. 33. Kinsey, Carolina, and Mineral and 35 °03' 84 °06' Pratt and Lewis, 1905. Metals mines. 1. Crab Creek near Edmonds. 36°33' 81 °00' Southwestern North Carolina. Deposits consist of talc rock and soapstone associated with ultramafic and mafic igneous 2. Sparta. 36°30' 81 °09' rocks. Pratt and Lewis, 1905. 3. Phoenix Gap 36°27' 81°26' 34. Elf area. Hunter and Gildersleeve, 35 °02' 83°44' 4. Jefferson area. 36°24' 81°28' 5. Bee Ridge. 36°20' 81 °32' 35. Franklin area. 35°11' 83°23' 6. Black Mountain. 36°19' 81 ° 35' 36. Ellijay area. Hunter, 1941. 35 °11' 83°18' 7. Green Knob area. 36°17' 81 °40' 37. Terrapin Mountain. 35°04' 83°04' 8. Rocky Mountain-Cook Gap area. 36°12' 81°36' 38. Otto area. 35 °05' 83°23' 9. Oak Grove Church, near Reddies River. 36°15' 81 °14' 39. Mulberry Creek. 35 ° 00' 83 ° 24' Hunter and Gildersleeve, 1946. 10. Bayleaf area. Conley, 1958; Stuckey 35°58' 78°38' PENNSYLVANIA and George, 1940. 1. Easton area. Talc rock derived from 40°42' 75°12' 11. Frank deposit. ,Hunter, 1941; Hunter 36°02' 81°59' and associated with Precambrian doloand Gildersleeve, 1946. mite similar to the Grenville Formation. 12. Bellvue. 36°01' 82 °02' Ladoo, 1923. 13. Cane Creek Church. 36°01' 82°04' 2. Gladwyne and Princes quarries. Soap- 40°03' 75 °16' stone associated with serpentinite. 14. Micaville area. Hunter, 1941. 35 °56' 82°12' Pearre and Heyl, 1960. 15. Gillespie Gap area. Hunter and 35°50' 82°01' Gildersleeve, 1946. 3. West Goshen prospect. Soapstone and 39° 59 75°36' talc rock associated with serpentinite. 16. Day Book deposit. Hunter, 1941. 35°59' 82°16' Pearre and Heyl, 1960. 17. Caney River. 35°56' 82 ° 24' 4. Indian Soapstone prospect. Soapstone 39°56' 75°43' 17a.Burnsville deposit. 35 ° 55' 82 °19' associated with serpentinite. Pearre and 18. Possumtrot Creek. 35 ° 53' 82 ° 25' Heyl, 1960.

RHODE ISLAND VERMONT 1. Limerock area. Talc-carbonate and talc 41 0 56' 71 °28' All deposits are associated with and chiefly derived from rock associated with serpentinite. Quinn serpentinite. The deposits consist principally of talcand others, 1949. carbonate rock bordered by thin shells of talc rock. Bain, 1942; Chidester and others, 1951, 1952; Pearre and SOUTH CAROLINA Calkins, 1957a. All deposits consist of soapstone associated with ultramafic 1. Troy-East Hill deposits. 44 °54' 72 °23' gabbro. Parent rock is commonly unknown. Sloan, 2. Montgomery Center prospect. 44°53' 72 °38' 3. Belvidere Mountain area. 44°46' 72°32' 1. Soapstone Hill. 34 °55' 83°06' 4. Johnson mines and nearby deposits. 44 °40' 72 °38' 2. Fair View Church. 34 °46' 82 °56' 5. Rousseau prospect. 44 °40' 72 °47' 3. Central. 34 °44' 82 °49' 6. Sterling Pond deposits. 44°33' 72 °46' 4. Cedar Springs. 34°56' 81 °52' 7. Barnes Hill prospect. 44°25' 72 °43' 5. Catawba River, near Nation Ford 34°58' 81°00' 8. Waterbury mine. 44 °19' 72°44' 6. Catawba Junction. 34 0 55' 80°58' 9. Mad River mine. 44 °14' 72°48' 7. Halselville. 34 °34' 81°15' 10. Roxbury deposits. 44°05' 72°44' 8. Edgefield. 33°41' 81°55' 11. East Granville mine. 44 °01' 72 °45' TEXAS 12. Williams and McPherson mines and 43°52' 72°46' Allamore district. Deposits consist of talc rock in internearby deposits. bedded phyllites, volcanic rocks, and carbonate rocks of 13. Greeley mine. 43°48' 72°46' Precambrian age. The deposits were probably derived from dolomitic beds or magnesium-rich volcanic rocks. 14. Hammondsville quarry. 43°29' 72 °33' Flawn, 1958; King and Flawn, 1953. 15. Proctorsville deposits. 43°23' 72 °39' 1. Southwestern No. 4 and Rossman mines. 31°09' 105°10' 16. Perkinsville quarry. 43°22' 72 °32' 2. Glen Ray prospect. 31 ° 10' 105 °07' 17. Carleton quarry and Chester Reservoir 43°16' 72°38' 3. Milwhite mine and Escondido prospects. 31°09' 105°05' mine. 4. Section 18 prospect. 31 ° 08' 105 °01' 18. Davis (Holden) and Barton quarries 43°14' 72°38' 5. Lone Star, Texas Talc, and Southern 31°07' 105°00' 19. Windham quarry and nearby deposit 43°12' 72 °43' Clay mines. 20. South Windham deposits. 43°08' 72°42' 6. Buck Spring prospect. 31°06' 104 °57' 21. Grafton prospects. 43°08 72°36' Llano district. Deposits consist of soapstone associated 22. Dover-Newfane deposits. 43°00' 72 °45' with serpentinite derived from ultramafic igneous rocks, but many small bodies arc isolated in schist or gneiss near 23. Marlboro deposits. 42 ° 52' 72 ° 46' serpentinite bodies. Barnes, 1952; Barnes and others, 1950; 24. Waterville quarry. 44°44' 72°45' Dietrich and Lonsdale, 1958. 25. Valentine mine. 43°24' 72 °41' 7. Bratton Ranch area. 30°56' 99 0 20' VIRGINIA 8. Esbon School and Rough Mountain 30°50' 98°54' areas. All deposits are associated with ultramafic and mafic igneous rocks. They are mostly of the soapstone variety. The Schuyler deposits, which are soapstone chiefly suitable for 9. Llano area. 30°46' 98°42' 10. Graphite area 30°45' 98°32' dimension stone, are derived from metagabbros and meta­ 11. Oxford area. 30°36' 98°42' pyroxenites. 12. Sandy Mountain area. 30°37' 98°28' 1. Falls Church 38°53' 77°11' 13. Keener Brook and Crabapple Creek 30°31' 98°47' 2. Annandale 38°50' 77°12' West areas. Dietrich, 1953. 14. Crabapple Creek East and Legion 30°29' 98°44' 3. Clifton 38°48' 77°25' Creek areas. Dietrich, 1953. 15. Cedar Mountain and Comanche Creek 30°31' 98°35' 4. Rhoadcsvillc 38°17' 77°55' areas. Dietrich, 1953. 16. Youngblood Creek, Coal Creek, and 30°26' 98°36' 5. Louisa 38°01' 770 59' Big Branch areas. Burfoot, 1930.

6. Ferncliff 37°56' 78°03' Burfoot, 1930. 7. Alberene area quarries. 37°52' 78°35' Burfoot, 1930; Hess, 1933; Hopkins, 1957. 8. Schuyler area quarries. 37°47' 78°42' Burfoot, 1930; Hess, 1933; Hopkins, 1957. 9. Walnut Creek 37°18' 78°10' Dietrich, 1953. 10. Cullen 37°07' 78°40' Dietrich. 1953. 11. Otter River 37°14' 79°07' Dietrich, 1953. 12. Rocky Mount 36°59' 79°54' Dictrich, 1953. 13. Henry 36°53' 79°58' Dietrich, 1953. 14. Axton 36°40' 79°43' Burfoot, 1930. 15. Floyd 36°53' 80°22' Dietrich, 1953. 16. Blue Ridge Mill 36°37' 80°52' Dietrich, 1955; Stose and Stose, 1957. 17. The Glades 36°37' 80°55' Dietrich, 1955; Stose and Stose, 1957. 18. Troutdale 36°42' 81 °25' Dietrich, 1953. WASHINGTON 1. Clear Lake mine. Soapstone and talc 48°26' 122 °11' rock associated with serpentinite. Valentine, 1949; Wilson and Pask, 1936. 2. Skagit Talc, Alvard, McMyrl-Wilson, 48°37' 121°23' and Dad's Girl mines. Soapstone and talc rock associated with serpentinite. Valentine, 1949; Wilson and Pask, 1936. 3. Londonderry mines. Soapstone and 48°31' 121°24' talc rock occurring at contact between schist and granite. Valentine, 1949; Wilson and Pask, 1936. 4. Sadie Cudworth. Soapstone of unknown 48°31' 121°15' origin. Valentine, 1949; Wilson and Pask, 1936. 5. Williams Creek. Soapstone associated 47°57' 120°47' with asbestos, probably associated with ultramafic rocks (?). Valentine, 1949; Wilson and Pask, 1936. 6. Tumwater Canyon. Soapstone; steeply 47°39' 120°42' dipping, thick tabular body in contact with biotite schist. Parent rock un­ known. Valentine, 1949; Wilson and Pask, 1936. ent rock unknown. Valentine, 1949; Wilson and Pask, 1936. 9. Kaaba-Texas mine. Talc rock; parent 48°58' 119°40' rock unknown. Valentine, 1949; Wilson and Pask, 1936. 10. Republic. Talc rock associated with 48°37' 118°32' serpentinite. Valentine, 1949; Wilson and Pask, 1936. 11. Firminhac deposits: talc rock derived 48°05' 118°00' from dolomite. F. C. Allen deposit: talc-carbonate rock associated with serpentinite. Valentine, 1949; Wilson and Pask, 1936. 12. Mondove mine. Talc rock in calcare- 47°48' 118°00' ous schist. Valentine, 1949; Wilson and Pask, 1936. WYOMING 1. Badger Creek. Soapstone in olivine 43°53' 110°55' diabase cut by granite. Beckwith, 1939; Osterwald and Osterwald, 1952; Osterwald and others, 1959. 2. Canyon Creek. Soapstone in green- 44°06' 107°08' stones, hornblende schists, and olivine metadiabase. Beckwith, 1939; Osterwald and Osterwald, 1952; Osterwald and others, 1959. 3. Beaver Creek. Talc rock and talc-car- 42°34' 108°22' bonate rock associated with serpentinite. 4. Nipper claims. Soapstone in hornblende 42 °06' 105 0 37' schist. Beckwith, 1939; Osterwald and Osterwald, 1952; Osterwald and others, 5. Palmer Canyon. Soapstone in horn- 42 °05' 105°18' blende schist. Beckwith, 1939; Osterwald and Osterwald, 1952; Osterwald and others, 1959. 6. Collins deposit. Soapstone in horn- 42 ° 18' 105 ° 13' blende schist. Osterwald and others, SELECTED REFERENCES Bain, G. W., 1942, Vermont talc and asbestos deposits, in Newhouse, W. H., ed., Ore deposits as related to structur­ al features: Princeton, N. J., Princeton Univ. Press, p. 255­ Barnes, V. E., 1952, Blowout quadrangle, Gillespie and Llano Counties, Texas: Texas Univ. Bur. Econ. Geology Geol. Quad. Map. Barnes, V. E., Shock, D. A., and Cunningham, W. A., 1950, Utilization of Texas serpentinite: Texas Univ. Bur. Econ. Geology Pub. 5020. 7. Entiat and Roaring Creek. Soapstone 47°41' 120° 20' Beckwith, R. H., 1939, Asbestos and chromite deposits of and talc rock; Parent rock unknown. Wyoming: Econ. Geology, v. 34, no. 7, p. 816, 821-822, 837. Valentine, 1949; Wilson and Pask, 1936. Burfoot, J. D., Jr., 1930, The origin of the talc and soapstone 8. Lockwood and Cole. Soapstone; par­ 47 ° 39' 120° 16' deposits of Virginia: Econ. Geology, v. 25, no. 8, p. 805-826.

Chidester, A. H., Billings, M. P., and Cady, W. M., 1951, Talc investigations in Vermont, preliminary report: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 95, 33 p. Chidester, A. H., Stewart, G. W., and Morris, D., 1952, Geo­ logic map of the Barnes Hill talc prospect, Waterbury, Vermont: U.S. Geol. Survey Mineral Inv. Field Studies Map MF-7. Conley, J. F., 1958, Mineral localities of North Carolina: North Carolina Dept. Conserv. Devel., Div. Mineral resources, Inf. Circ. 16, 83 p. Dietrich, J. W., and Lonsdale, J. T., 1958, Mineral resources of the Colorado River Industrial Development Association area: Texas Univ. Bur. Econ. Geology Rept. Inv. no. 37, p. Dietrich, R. V., 1953, Virginia mineral localities: Virginia Polytech. Inst., Eng. Expt. Sta. Bull. 88, p. 37, 41. 1955, Additions to Virginia mineral localities: Virginia Polytech. Inst., Eng. Expt. Sta. Bull. 105, p. 21. Engel, A. E. J., 1949, New York talcs, their geological features, mining, milling, and uses: Am. Inst. Mining Metall. Engineers Trans., v. 184, p. 345-348. Flawn, P. T., 1958, Texas miners boost talc output: Eng. Mining Jour., v. 159, no. 1, p. 104-105. Furcron, A. S., and Teague, K. H., 1947, Talc deposits of Murray County, Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 53, 75 p. Gilluly, James, 1945, Geologic map of the Gouverneur talc district, New York: U.S. Geol. Survey Mineral Inv. Prelim. Map 3-163. Hadley, J. B., 1949, Bedrock geology of the Mount Grace quadrangle, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-3. Hess, H. H., 1933, Hydrothermal metamorphism of an ultrabasic intrusive at Schuyler, Virginia: Am. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., v. 26, no. 154, p. 377-408. Hopkins, H. R., 1957, Nelson-Amherst soapstone belt: Virginia Div. Mineral Resources Prelim. Map. Hopkins, 0. B., 1914, Asbestos, talc, and soapstone deposits of Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 29, p. 190-301. Hunter, C. E., 1941, Forsterite olivine deposits of North Carolina and Georgia: North Carolina Dept. Conserv. and Devel., Div. Mineral Resources Bull. 41, 117 p. Hunter, C. E., and Gildersleeve, Benjamin, 1946, Minerals and structural materials of western North Carolina and north Georgia: Tennessee Valley Authority, Regional Products Research Div., Rept. C, 94 p. King, P. B., and Flawn, P. T., 1953, Geology and mineral de­ posits of Pre-Cambrian rocks of the Van Horn area, Texas: Texas Univ. Bur. Econ. Geology Pub. 5301, p. 170-172. Ladoo, R. B., 1923, Talc and soapstone, their mining, milling, products, and uses: U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 213. LeGrand, H. E., and Furcron, A. S., 1956, Geology and ground­ water resources of central-east Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 64, 113 p. Luedkc, E. M., Wrucke, C. T., and Graham, J. A., 1959, Mineral occurrences in New York State with selected references for each locality: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1072-F, p. 441. Maynard, T. P., Mallory, J. M., Stull, R. T., 1923, Directory of commercial minerals in Georgia and Alabama along the Central of Georgia Railway: Savannah, Ga., Indus. Dept. Central of Georgia Railway, 134 p. McMurray, Lynn, and Bowles, Edgar, 1941, The talc deposits of Talladega County, Alabama: Alabama Geol. Survey Circ. 16, 31 p. Meyers, T. R., and Stewart, G. W., 1956, The geology of New Hampshire, Part 3, Minerals and mines: Concord, New Hampshire State Plan. and Devel. Comm., 107 p. Murdock, T. G., [1950), The mining industry in North Carolina from 1937 to 1945: North Carolina Dept. Conserv. and Devel., Div. Mineral Resources, Econ. Paper 65, 57 p. Newland, D. H., 1921, The mineral resources of the State of New York: New York State Mus. Bull. 223-224, p. 283-295. Norman, L. A., Jr., and Stewart, R. M., 1951, Mines and min­ eral resources of Inyo County: California Jour. Mines and Geology, v. 47, no. 1, p. 17-223. Osterwald, F. W., and Osterwald, D. B., 1952, Wyoming min­ eral resources: Wyoming Geol. Survey Bull. 45, p. 159-160. Osterwald, F. W., Osterwald, D. B., tong, J. S., Jr., and Wilson, W. H., 1959, Mineral resources of Wyoming: Wyoming Geol. Survey Bull. 50, 259 p. Page, B. M., 1951, Talc deposits of steatite grade, Inyo County, California: California Div. Mines Spec. Rept. 8. Pallister, H. D., 1955, Index to the minerals and rocks of Alabama: Alabama Geol. Survey Bull. 65, 55 p. Pearre, N. C., 1956, Mineral deposits and occurrences in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, exclusive of clay, sand and gravel, and peat: U.S. Geol. Survey Mineral Inv. Resource Map MR-4. Pearre, N. C., and Calkins, J. A., 1957a, Mineral deposits and occurrences in Vermont exclusive of clay, sand and gravel, and peat: U.S. Geol. Survey Mineral Inv. Resource Map MR-5. 1957b, Mineral deposits and occurrences in New Hampshire exclusive of clay, sand and gravel and peat: U.S. Geol. Survey Mineral Inv. Resource Map MR-6. Pearre, N. C., and Heyl, A. V., Jr., 1960, Chromite and other mineral deposits in serpentine rocks of the Piedmont Upland, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1082-K [19611 Peck, F. B., 1905, The talc deposits of Phillipsburg, N. J., and Easton, Pa.: New Jersey Geol. Survey Annual Rept. 1904, p. 161-185. Perry, E. S., 1948, Talc, graphite, vermiculite, and asbestos in Montana: Montana Bur. Mines and Geology Mem. 27, p. 1-12. Pratt, J. H., and Lewis, J. V., 1905, Corundum and peridotites of western North Carolina: North Carolina Geol. Survey [Rept.), v. 1, p. 36-59. Quinn, A. W., Ray, R. G., and Seymour, W. L., 1949, Bedrock geology of the Pawtucket quadrangle, Rhode Island-Mass8

achusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-1. Rice, W. N., and Gregory, H. E., 1906, Manual of the geol­ ogy of Connecticut: Connecticut Geol. Survey Bull. 6, p. 100. Sloan, Earle, 1908, Catalogue of the mineral localities of South Carolina: South Carolina Geol. Survey Bull. 2, ser. 4, p. 122-125. Stose, A. J., and Stose, G. W., 1957, Geology and mineral re­ sources of the Gossan Lead district and adjacent areas in Virginia: Virginia Div. Mineral Resources Bull. 72,233 p. Stuckey, J. L., and Conrad, S. G., 1958, Explanatory text for geologic map of North Carolina: North Carolina Dept. Conserv. and Devel., Div. Mineral Resources, Bull. 71, 51 p. Stuckey, J. L., and George, D. R., 1940, Soapstone deposits in Wake County [North Carolina] (abs.): Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., Jour., v. 56, no. 2, p. 225. Tucker, W. B., 1927, Mineral resources of Santa Catalina Island: California State Mineralogist, 23d Rept., chap. 1, p. Valentine, G. M., 1949, Inventory of Washington minerals, part 1, nonmetallic minerals; Washington Div. Mines and Geology Bull. 37, p. 96-97. Van Horn, E. C., 1948, Talc deposits of the Murphy Marble Belt: North Carolina Dept. Conserv. and Div. Mineral Re­ sources Bull. 56. Wilson, Hewitt, and Pask, J. A., 1936, Talc and soapstone in Washington: Am. Inst. Mining Metall Engineers Contr. 99,25 p. Wing, L. A., 1951, Asbestos and serpentine rocks of Maine: Maine Geol. Survey, . State Geologist, 1949-50, p. 35­ Wright, L. A., 1954, Geology of the Silver Lake talc deposits, San Bernardino County, California: California Div. Mines Spec. Rept. 38. 1957, Talc and soapstone, in Mineral commodities of California: California Div. Mines Bull. 176, p. Wright, L. A., Stewart, R. M., Gay, T. E., Jr., and Hazenbush, G. C., 1953, Mines and mineral deposits of San Bernardino County, California: California Jour. Mines and Geology, v. 49, no. 1-2.