Improved Automated Identification and Mapping of Iron Sulfate Minerals, Other Mineral Groups, and Vegetation using Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager Data, San Juan Mountains, Colorado, and Four Corners Region
<p>Multispectral remote sensing data acquired by the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor were analyzed using a new, automated technique to…
Public-domain full text preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library. Original source: pubs.usgs.gov.
107˚15’ 107˚15’ 107˚30’ 107˚30’ 107˚45’ 107˚45’ 108˚15’ 108˚15 108˚30’ 108˚30’ 108˚45’ 108˚45’ 109˚15’ 109˚15’ 109˚30’ 38˚30’ 38˚15’ 37˚45’ 37˚45’ 37˚30’ 37˚30’ 37˚15’ 37˚15’ 36˚45’ 36˚45’ 36˚30’ 36˚30’ 38˚00’ 38˚00’ 37˚00’ 109˚00’ 109˚00’ 108˚00’ 107˚00’ 108˚00’ 37˚00’ 107˚00’ 38˚15’ Inferred acidproducing potential in non-sedimentary rocks COMPILED MAP LAYERS [The following map layouts can be selected and may also be selected from the bookmark and the layer lists] Satellite Footprints Geologic Map ASTER—Mineralogy + vegetation Landsat 7—Mineralogy + vegetation Landsat 8 OLI—Mineralogy + vegetation Landsat 8 OLI—Bands 431 Landsat 8 OLI—Bands 541 Landsat 8 OLI—Bands 651 Landsat 8 OLI—Bands 671 Base Maps High Low EXPLANATION MODELED MINERAL AND VEGETATION GROUPS [Layer names: ASTER—Mineralogy+vegetation, Landsat 7—Mineralogy+vegetation, and Landsat 8 OLI—Mineralogy+vegetation. Numbers indicate digital value of specified class in associated raster GIS file. The text “not in L7” appears where Landsat 7 (L7) does not have a modeled group] Clay, sulfate, mica, and(or) marble with possible oxidizing sulfides and minor iron sulfate, or amorphous iron in playa surfaces and other high-albedo soils (not in L7) Clay, sulfate, mica, and(or) marble + major ferric iron with possible oxidizing sulfides and major iron sulfate Clay, sulfate, mica, and(or) marble + major ferric iron with possible major iron sulfate and hydroxide (commonly proximal zones of weathered, highly pyritic rocks and mine waste) (not in L7) Clay, sulfate, mica, and(or) marble + major ferric iron with possible moderate to major iron sulfate and hydroxide (commonly distal zones of weathered, highly pyritic rocks and mine waste) (not in L7) Clay, sulfate, mica, and(or) marble + major ferric iron with possible iron sulfate and hydroxide (commonly in argillically-altered rocks) (not in L7) Clay, sulfate, mica, and(or) marble + ferrous or coarse-grained ferric iron with possible minor iron sulfate (not in L7) Clay, sulfate, mica, and(or) marble + major ferric iron (not in L7) Clay, sulfate, mica, and(or) marble + moderate to major ferric iron Clay, sulfate, mica, and(or) marble + minor ferric iron Major ferric iron Minor ferric iron (high redness, often includes hematite) Sparse, green vegetation + ferric iron (not in L7) Ferric ± ferrous iron Clay, sulfate, mica, and(or) marble Clay, sulfate, mica, and(or) marble + ferrous or coarse-grained ferric iron Ferrous or coarse-grained ferric iron (may include oxidized basalts, fire ash, some moist soils, and any blue/green rocks) (not in L7) Dense, green vegetation No data—Smoke, clouds, and(or) cloud shadow Outline of ASTER scene footprint from Rockwell (2012) Outline of Landsat 8 OLI scene footprint GEOLOGIC UNITS [Layer name: Geolgic_units. Polygon shading according to age. Geology and linework are from Horton and others (2017)] Quaternary units Tertiary units Tertiary–Cretaceous units Cretaceous units Cretaceous–Jurassic units Jurassic units Jurassic–Triassic units Triassic units Triassic–Permian units Permian units Carboniferous units Pennsylvanian units Missippian–Devonian–Carboniferous units Mississippian–Devonian units Mesoproterozoic units Mesoproterozoic–Paleoproterozoic units Paleoproterozoic units Water GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES [Layer names: Geologic_structure_orient, Geolgic_structure, and Geology_units] Contacts Normal fault—Dashed where approximate, dotted where concealed Syncline—Dotted where concealed Anticline—Dotted where concealed Dike or sill HYDROLOGIC FEATURES [Layer names: Principal_rivers and Water_bodies] Rivers—Primary rivers are solid lines, secondary rivers are dashed Bodies of water POLITICAL FEATURES [Layer names: State_boundaries, NatlParkForest_boundaries, County_boundaries, City_limits, City_centers, and Roads] City centers City limits—Incorporated and unincorporated communities National Park and National Forest boundaries State boundaries County boundaries Roads primary Roads secondary Scientific Investigations Map 3466 Pamphlet accompanies map U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Improved Automated Identification and Mapping of Iron Sulfate Minerals, Other Mineral Groups, and Vegetation using Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager Data, San Juan Mountains, Colorado, and Four Corners Region By Barnaby W. Rockwell,1 William R. Gnesda,2 and Albert H. Hofstra2 The satellite imagery was processed and assessed by B.W. Rockwell during 2013–2014. The digital topographic base map, digital compilation, and GIS database of the geologic map was also prepared by B.W. Rockwell Publishing support provided by Denver Publishing Service Center Edit and digital layout by J.A. Herrick Manuscript approved for publication November 2, 2020 Map projection: Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 13 N, WGS 84 datum Landsat 8 Scene ID: LC80350342013171LGN00 Acquired June 20, 2013 Outline of Landsat scene footprint is shown in cyan. Outline of ASTER scene footprint described by Rockwell (2012) is shown in yellow. Landsat 8 L1T orthorectified data obtained from USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS). Background is imagery derived from multiple 2012 sources and served by ESRI (://goto.arcgisonline.com/maps/World_Imagery): DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community 40 MILES 40 KILOMETERS SCALE 1:325 000 37° 41° 41° 102° 109° 30×60 minute series grid 1:100,000 scale COLORADO MAP LOCATION DURANGO SILVERTON MONTR OSE N U C LA D OV E C R EEK CORTEZ SA GUACHE DEL NORTE ANTONITO 102° 109° 37° 1Lakewood, Colo.; 2U.S. Geological Survey Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government This map or plate is offered as an online-only, digital publication. Users should be aware that, because of differences in rendering processes and pixel resolution, some slight distortion of scale may occur when viewing it on a computer screen or when printing it on an electronic plotter, even when it is viewed or printed at its intended publication scale Digital files available at ://doi.org/10.3133/sim3466 and ://doi.org/10.5066/P9ONOKKX Suggested citation: Rockwell, B.W., Gnesda, W.R., and Hofstra, A.H., 2021, Improved automated identification and mapping of iron sulfate minerals, other mineral groups, and vegetation from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager Data, San Juan Mountains, Colorado, and Four Corners Region: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3466, 1 sheet, scale 1:325,000, 37-p. pamphlet, ://doi.org/10.3133/sim3466. Associated data for this publication: Rockwell, B.W., and Gnesda, W.R., 2021, Digital map of iron sulfate minerals, other mineral groups, and vegetation of the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, and Four Corners Region derived from automated analysis of Landsat 8 satellite data: U.S. Geological Survey data release, ://doi.org/10.5066/P9ONOKKX. ISSN 2329-132X (online) ://doi.org/10.3133/sim3466