Coal beds in southern Somerset County, Pennsylvania
20 pages ; 28 cm
Public-domain full text preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library. Original source: archive.org.
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Bulletin No. 64 , February 20, 1923. (Replacing Bulletin No, 22) ;
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Baan 34.68) COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA Gul of 21S a Ee ie
DEPARTMENT OF IN?TEANAL APFATRS James I, Woodward, Secretary
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BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAT SURVEY George H. Ashley, State Geologist
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Coal Beds In Southern Somerset County, Peninsylvanta
By
James D,. Sister
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Introduction,
somerset County ranks seventh in Fennsylvania as a bituminous coal producing county. In 1921 approximately 10,000,000 tons’of. coal were produced by commercial and custom coal mines; over 1,000,000 tons were produced in southern Somerset County. The coal from the Redstone and Fittsburgh beds is used. almost entirely for locomotive steam coal, and that from the other beds is shippea east for use in different industries for steam rurposes, and as domestic fuel.
somerset County lies west of Allegheny Mountain and on the south line of the State. It is bounded on the west by Favette and Westmore- land counties; on the north by Cambria County; and on the east by Bedford County. The area dis scussed in this report’ lies south:ort the line of 40° North Latitude, which exvends east and west across the county, intersecting the southern borough limit of the tow of Somerset, Pee eovMshins producing coal) in) this: cCistrict: are: Addison, Elk: Lick, southampton, Summit, Brothers Valley, southern part of Somerset, Black, Milford; Midclecreek, and Upper and Lower furkeyfoot,.
There are fourteen coal becs of mineable thickness in the district The Lower Kittanning, Upper Kittanning, Cage r Presport,; and), hedstone beds are the most important at sresont. Phe Brookville, Clarion, Lower Freeport, and ‘Pit tsbur gh (which Ls now aractically exhausted), produce more than 1,000,900 tons annually, The production from the remaining beds is confined almost entiz caly' to local use.
Por many years the production of southern Somerset County was limited almost entirely to the Pittsburgh bed. In the last few years the Redstone bed has been mined vigorously, but its area is limited and it will soon be exhausted, However, there are many other beds, chiefly in the Allegheny formation, which are yet practically
undeveloped and even unnrospected in large areas, These beas furnish the bulk of future production, Prospecting and geologic wavk in this district have established the fact that-the beds in the Allegheny and Conemaugh formations are generally thin, averaging, in most cases, less than 6 feet thick, .The beds are lenticular: invariably they are subject to roof and bottom "rolls" and in some places to wide "rock faults." In the next few years mining will be confined almost entirely to local areas where the beds are very regular and have excellent quality. With the installation of picking tables and Washeries not only will the quality of the Shipping. coal be bettered and demand increased, but much coal can be saved by shipping one or more grades from mincs.
The main line of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad enter@ this district at Hoblitzell, runs west to Meversdale, and follows Casselman River through the western boundary of the county. Numerous branches‘serve the district south of Meyersdale, Berlin, Pinehill, Somerset, and the coal mining centers in the Johnstown and Wilmore basins. The district is traversed by many improved roads most of which were recently constructed, The township roads are dirt and are kept in good condition, During times of excessive prices thousands of tons of coal are hanied over these roads to sidings,
These excellent transportation facilities enable this district to Ship its coal readily, The greater vart of the production is dis- tributed along the Baltimore and Ohio railroad between @imberland and New York, Many tons are shipped yearly to tidewatér and to the lakes.
Allegheny and Negro Moyntains‘are the chief topographic features of the county. Allegheny Mountain, separating Elk Lick and Greenville townships, is a high narrow ridge with a crest averaging 2900 feet above tide, ‘Jest ox this mountain lies the beautiful Berlin-Salisbury basin. This basin is 9 miles wide from the crest of Allegheny Mountain tO the crest of Negro Mountain. The center of the basin is decidedly hilly and cut by many streams, Allepheny Mountain has.a steep and rugged Slope, and Negro Mountain a gradual one. Casselman River flows in the center of the basin from Salisbury north to Meyersdaie, and northwest to Garrett. A few miles west of this place it cuts the broad high ridge of Negro Mountains The highest point so far dis- covered in Pennsylvania, 3210 feet, is on this mountain-about 6 miles northwest of Salisbury. ‘he Confluence-Johnstown basin, northwest of Negro Mountain, is extremely hilly; streams have cut deen channels and flow in V-shaped valleys.’ Laurel Hill forming, in part, the western boundary of this district, is anotner distinct topographic feature,
Slruc Ture.
Six structural features, each having a general northeast-southwest trend, have been recognized and mapyed in a preliminary manner, They are, in order from east to.west: Welltrsburg syneliine; Savage Mountain anticline; Berlin-Salisbuzxy syncline (continuation of the Casselman Ssyncline of Maryland); Negro Mountain anticline (continuation of Accident anticline of Maryland); Confluence-Johnstowm synceline (Lower Youghiogheny syneline of Marvland); Laurel Hill anticline.
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The Wellersbure syncline is a deep, narrow basin east of Allegheny Mountain. Its axis extends through the town of Wellersburg northeast- ward end passes near Williams Station on the main line of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, Its total length in Somerset County is 10 miles, The deepest point in the basin is near Wellersburg where remnants. of the Monongahela formation cap the hilltops. The basin gradually rises northeastward and ends in Bedford County,
Mount Savage anticline enters the State two miles southwest of Pocahontas and leaves the county two miles east of New Baltimore, The rocks dinvsteeply on both’ its flanks, The structure is regular and there is no pronounced variation of Jip in its total length of about 18 miles in Somerset County.
The Berlin-Salisbury basin, lying northwest of Allegheny Mountain anticline, enters the district on the State line 2 miles south of Salisbury, Its axis extends in‘a northeastern direction just west of Hitseuury. evyersdate Pinehiil. and Berlin, It is.a typical canoe= shaped synceline, tne rocks rising rapidly to the crest of Allegheny Mountain on its eastern flank. The rise is more gradual and uniform on its western slopes, The deepest part of the basin is just south of Meyersdale. From this point the axis rises gradually northeast to Berlin, and southwest, slowly at first, but increasing rapidly until the Fittsburgh bed is lifted out of the hilis near the Maryland State line. The axis of the basin is SLightiy tilted and as a result, the trough deepens southwestward-in the direction of the tilt.
Negro Mountain anticline enters the district about 2 miles east of Oakton, extends along Shoemaker Run, Glace iountain, Lick Ren, Blackfield, and leeves the district about 3 miles southwest of Shanksville, This anticline is broad, rising rapidly and highest in Addison and Hlk Lick townships where the lowest member of the Pocono formation is exposed, The axis gradually dips northeastward and the anticline flattens out in Black anc Brothers Valley townships,
The Confluence-Johnstown basin lyinz northwest of Negro Mountain anticline, is broad and comparatively flat, being aporoximately 15 miles wide from the crest of Negro Mountain anticline to the crest. of Laurel Hill anticline. The Conemaugh and Allecheny formations are exposed in‘almost its entire area. The axis enters the county near Confluence, extends northeast and leaves the southern district near Lavansville, a few miles west of Somerset, This basin contains a minor anticline and syncline on its eastern flank near Rockwood and Casselman which were formerly Supposed to be a continuation of the Wilmore basin in northern Somerset County, The rocks rise slowly and evenly on the western flank.
Laurel Hill anticline, on the western edge of the county, is a great fold that has brought the Pottsville and Mauch Chunk roeks to outcrop, Its axis is highest on the county line southeast of Wilpen; from that point it dips gradually north and south,
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Stratigraphy,
The outcropping rocks of this district belong to the Quaternary, Carboniferous, and Devonian systoms,.
the Quaternary system iS represented by river deposits of recent age composed of sands, clays, and gravel, which the streams have deposited on their flood plains in times of high water. This formatior is limited princinvally to the valley of Casselman River between Salis- bury and Garrett. The Carboniferous system is represented’by the Monongahela, Conemaugh, Allegheny, Pottsville, Mauch Chunk, and Pocono formations, The Devonian is represented by the Catskill anc Chemung formations.
The Monongahela formation is confined entirelv to the hilltops in the Berlin-Salisbury and Wellersburge basins. It contains two work~ able coal beds, the Pittsburgh and the tedstone,. The formation is extremely shaly, but also contains two sandstones anc three or more limestones averaging about 4 feet thick,
The Conemaugh formation outcrops along the flanks of the anti- clines in the Berlin-Salisbury basin, and along Casselman River and its tributaries west of Rockwood, It is composed chiefly of olive-gsreen and red shales with interbedded limestones and coal beds. In the entire thickness of 875 feet there are but few massive sandstones,
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The Allegheny formation underlies practically the entire district, It outcrops on the flanks of the anticlines on both sides of the Berlin-Salisbury basin and along stream-valleys west of Rockwood, It is composed of massive sandstones, coal, and clay beds, shales, and a few beds of limestone. Its average thickness is 250 feet.
the Pottsville formation outcrops on the western slope of Allegheny Mountain and forms a large area of surface rocks on the crest of Negro Mountain, It is composed of two or more massive sand- stones which are locally conglomeritic. Between these sandstones are intervals of shale which sometimes contain two or more impure coal beds.
The Mauch Chunk formation is composed entirely of red and olive- green Shales, and thin layers of interbedded red sandstone, The Greenbrier limestone, occurring in three or four different :benches separated by red shale, lies at the base of this formation, and is locally quarriec for lime, The Msuch Chunk formation is not coal- bearinge
The Pocono, Catskill and Chemung formations, outcropping only on the crests of Negro and Allegheny Mountains, are composed principally of shales, and a few massive sandstones that form the crests of the - ridges,
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‘The following table shows the stratigraphic relation of the coal beds, their average thickness and the average intervals between then,
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Coal Beds In Southern Somerset County.
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Conemaugh ee Barton i hae eke et eae Ment ie j , Decors COM mi VET ene OM (re rl dae ae : ao. aren L Bakerstown j... ue SP it i a iy ec bons RE ' 240 ( Pie reesort..C Di wien cs PA Aah OTE i j 50 ) De oO ayy emu Lucha fe) Cou U Nittanning (C) '.. AUR eke DE : j : WS Me Og ay OM Cnr ean ct ae at ‘Lleghony ad 50 250! L Kittanning (B) tid a ee AD UNM ahh th SP ND nk Ltn RR a SD 3 BEOORV Lae Ay ue 5 O" (very dirty): ee LAN ae Dlg MRE SS eR ee f
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Summary Of Coals By Formations.
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tsville Formation.
The Pottsville formation in southern Somerset County, contains three or more coal beds which are extremely impure and will never be commercially valuable. In large areas their horizon is represented by an impure bituminous shale high in ash, and Re many small concretions of iron carbonate and "sulphur balls
Allegheny Formation,
The Allegheny formation contains the greatest number of mineable coals, and most of the present production in this district comes from these beds,
Brookviiie ("A") Coal. This ade lying at the base of the Allegheny formation and 45 feet below the Lower Kittanning, is very METS temG. one peu averares 5° tect thick, but is only, locally of Comercial quality, inigenerel) the) bec. is very Thiek and ise \divided into many benches. by numerous shale partinges. he merchantable coal is high in sulphur and ash.
Clarion ("A aw Coal. This ted: lying 30 feet below the Lower Kittanning, averages about 2 feet 8 inches thick in the entire dis- trict. Locally PC teh fomea ba5 feet thick and a Lew commercial coal
mines have been opened in it. Farmers have mined this bed in a few places for domestic use. The bed is characterized by many thin shale binders and many "sulphur bails,"
Tower Kittanning ("B") Coel. This bed averages about 2 feet 4 inches thick and is fairly clean. The sulphur and ash content is rather high for a-‘standarda Ri eoal,. This bed is mined on Buifalo and Coxe's creeks, and on-its eastern outerod in the Berlin-Salisbury
basin,
Middle Xittamning ("C") Coal, This nee lying 50 feet above the Lower Kittanning, is generally extrene ly impure where thickest. Locally the bed is less than 18 inches thick, but its ovnality is good, This bed has not been prospected or mined in this cistrict,
Upper Kittanning Nee OE) Coal, This bed, lying 75 feet below the Upper Freeport, averages 3 feet Honaoke Oe 1s" ‘mined only in localities where it is thickest Le gs vA an a hg Buffalo, Coxe's; and Whites creeks, The bed contains numerous shale anc bone binders end is locality high in ash and sulphur. When properly cleaned it is a good grade steam coal.
Lower Freeport ("D") oe The Lower Freeport’coal, lying 50 feet below the Upper Freeport, averages 3 feet thick, but is only locally of commercial value, ‘Phis bed is mined at a few places on Buffalo and Coxe's creeks. iyhen prices are high this bed is mined
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With varying suecess in the vicinity of Rockwood where it has a maxi- mum thickness of 5 feet 4 inches including’impuritics, A large shale and bone binder near the middle of the bed, which is characteristic in most localities, increases production cost and lowers the quality of the run-of-mine ‘goal, as this binder cannot be SO EE a nl removed by picking,
Upper Freeport ("E") Coal, The Upper Freeport coal is mined in the southern part of the Berlin-Salisbury basin and on Buffalo
and Coxe's creeks, .This bed is generally thin, averaging about 30 inches, and has Yairly good quality, The bed is subject. to'’rolls"
both .on roof and bottom, which makes mining rather hazardous.
Conemaugh Coals. The Conemaugh formation contains 18 coal beds, five of which are locally workable, ‘These beds may have future impox “tance when the thicker beds are exhausted,
Lower Bakerstown Coal (Thomas coal of West Virginia and Maryland). This bed, lying 240 feet above the Upper Freeport, is opened by farmers ’on the eastern slope of Negro Mountain. The bed ranges from 12 inches to 2 feet 10 inches thick, Where thin the coal is excéllent, but in most localities the bed has numerous small bone partings,.
Upper Bakerstown Coal (Maynadier coal of Maryland). ‘This bed, lying 40 feet above the Lower Bakerstown, averages about 2 feet thick in the Berlin-Salisbury basin, but ‘west of Yegro Mountain its horizon is represented by several feet of bituminous Shale, This coal has not been prospected to any great extent, but local outcrops indicate that it mav have some Ronin te, value.
Barton Coal. The Barton coal; lying 490 feet above the Upper Freeport, averages 12 inches thick, and has excellent:‘quality,. Locally it has a maximum thickness of 2 feet 6 inches, and is mined by farmers for domestic fuel, The bed is extremely lenticular and subject to "squeezes,"
Wellersburg Co Coal, The Wellersburg coal at its type locality at Wellersburg in Southampton township, Somerset County, has a maxi- mum thickness of 5 feet, It has been opened for local use, This bed is thin and unimportant in Somerset Countv west of Allegheny Mountain. It lies 315 feet below the Pittsburgh bed in the Berlin- Salisbury basin,
Lonaconing Coal (Elk Lick coal of Rodgers), The Lonaconing coal, lying about 160 feet below the Pittsburgh is very thin, except on Elk Lick Creek where it has a maximum thicknes 35 of 4 feet and is being mined for local use,
_Monongahela Formation.
The Monongahela formation is confined to 2 small area in the hilltops in the Berlin~Salisbury basin.
Pittsbureh Coal, The Pittsburgh way which is now practically exhausted, has been the greatest producer from this formation, Mining is limited now to impure "crop" coal and the pulling of old pildlare.
Redstone Coal, The Redstone bed, lying at an average interval of 25 feet above the Pittsburgh bed, is now the most important coal in the district south of Meyersdale, It averages about 4 feet thick but is inferior in ouality to the Pittsburgh bed,
Sewickley Coal, The Sewickley and possibly the Waynesburg beds are in the hilltops south of Meyersdale. They are thin and will never be of commercial value because they have been leached by Surface water, The Sewickley bed occurs also in the summits near Ponen ie enti oernown toca lly as Pine Hill No. 1 bed... It:is being mined and shipped as a fair grade steam coal,
i WELLERSBURG BASIN
Southampton Township,
The Wellersburg baSin is a continuation of the Georges Creek basin in Maryland. The Georges Creek basin has produced enormous tonnages‘of excellent steam coal for many years. Unfortunately the main bed, the Pittsburgh, becomes dirty and inferior in quality in the vicinity of Wellersburg. This small district has had a very small production and has never been fully prospected. Diamond drill- ing will probably prove that this field has one or more excellent coal beds in the Allegheny and Conemaugh formations,
Pittsburgh Coal, PieworpauCuLOnN OL tals (istrict 3s contined 40 the) Pittsbureh bed which occurs in the hilltops north of Wellers~ bipyegs.. The bed averages 6 feet thick; but only 5. feet 6 inches is merchantable coal, Many shale and bone partings make mining diffi- cult and the’ coal must be picked before it is shipped, The quality is below the standard of the Pittsburgh bed, the sulphur and ash content being rather high.
The coals beneath the Pittsburgh bed have never been definitely correlated with those of Maryland. The lack of zeolosic work in this field warrants the use of information already collected by the Maryland State Geological Survey in adjacent territory.
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The Little Pittsburgh coal, opened near Wellersburg, ranges from 2 feet 8 inches to @ feet 10 inches of clean coal of fair ouality, with one 2-inch bone parting,
A bed of clean coal 20 inches thick is approximately at the horizon of the Pranklin coal of Maryland. There are four other coal beds in’ the Conemaugh formation, The first, in descending order, lies 425 to 440 feet below the Pittsburgh bed, and has been opened for custom coal. It averages 4 feet thick, but is divided in the middle by shale partings ranging from 2 inches to 2 feet thick. The second bed lies approximately 490 feet below the Pittsburgh. It has not been prospected, but the thickness and quality on its outcrop indicate Slight commercial value. A coal 2 feet 10 inches thick has been reported 585 feet below the Pittsburgh:‘bed. The lowest Conemaugh coal lies 675 feet below the Pittsburgh bed, and averages 22 inches thick. Its commercial possibilities are slight.
Allegheny Coals
A coal 740 feet beneath the Pittsburgh bed has been doubtfully correlated with the Upper Freeport. It is divided into two benches by a shale parting 6 to 12 inches thick; the upper bench ranges from 2) to S Fest ne and the lower bench from 12 to 18 inches thick.. diamond drill record shows a 4 foot coal 50 feet below this bed. This thickness has not been verified. A bed lying 130 feet’below the supposed Upper Freeport is reported to be 5 féet thick, but of inferior quality,
Berlin-Salisbury Basin.
Hlk Lick Township,
Brookville ("A") Coal; ‘The Brookville coal, lying at the base of the Allezneny formation, outcrops near the surmit of Allegheny and Negro riountains. This bed "has been prospected & at numerous places and has been found to be extremely dirty and of no commercial value,
Clarion ("Al") Goal, The Ularion coal, lying about 15 feet above tne Brookville, has also been prospeeted on the Slope of Negro and Allegneny mountains, but at no place was the quality good enough tO Warrant mining, Phe hed averages 2 feet 10 inches thick, of which only 18 inches is clean coal,
Lower Kittanning ("B") Coal. The Lower Kittanning coal outecrons high up on the Slopes of Negro and Allegheny mountains. This bed has been prospected on the Davis Estate’on the cestern Slope of Negro Mountain. It averages 2 feet thick, and has good ee The future commercial importance of this bed is uncertain,
‘Middle Kittanning ("0") Goal, The Midéle Kittanning coal. is e thin, irregular bed having no ) promise ODP re wwe LUO, bole absent in large areas and in others its horigon is represented by several feet of carbonaceous shale,
Uoner sittannineg (ro!) Coal, - The Upper Kittanning coal, out-
cropping on the Slopes of the basin, is locally very good,. This bed is subject to roof "rolls" andiis "faulted out in large areas, This
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Lower Freeport ("Dd") Coal. The Lower Freeport is a thin, extremely irregular bed, outcropping on both flanks of the basin. Although the quality is ‘good, numerous prospects have found only
local areas of merchantable coal.
Upper Freeport ("E") Coal, The Upper Freeport coal, outcropping about halfway up the slope of Negro and Savage mountains, is being mined by drift for local use. This bed gives more promise of future value than any other coal in the Alle gheny formation. It averages 5 feet thick in Elk Lick township. The largest production comes from the vicinity of Engle's Mills and Boynton where 3 feet is the common thickness, The physical character of the bed varies greatly in short distances, However, there are always two or more shale partings varying from 1 to 14 inches thick, The coal is soft and friable but is excellent for steaming purposes. This bed has also been opened by farmers for domestic use on the eastern slope of Negro Mountain. On the headwaters of:Tub Mill Run it is 2 feet 4 inches thick and has excellent quality, but as this region is practically uninhabited and little prospecting has been done, it is impossible to say whether this thickness and quality is general,
Conemaugh Coals. he Conemaugh coals outcrop on both flanks of the basin a have been se deca only on the eastern slope of Negro Mountain, particularly on Tub Mill Run. The Lower Bakerstown coal, opened for farm use, ranges from 18 inches to 3 feet 2 inches thick. It is extremely dirty. The Upper Bakerstown coal is thinner but of better quality. The Barton coal has been opened at one place on Tub Mill creek, and ranges from.2 feet to 3 feet 2 inches thick, Under- neath this is a 5 foot bed of clay excellent for making brick.
Pittsburgh Coal, The Pittsburgh bed has been almost entirely exhausted in this towship. The bed averages about 7 feet thick. At Salisbury the coal is in five benches, 5, 12, 30, 36, and 33 inches thick, separated by several 1/8 BOWie inch bone partings. The Pitts- burgh’ bed ranges from 5 feet 6 inches to 6 feet 6 inches thick on Coal Run. It always has two or more thin bone partings, Production is limited to one stripping operation and a few mines which are pulling pillars and mining "crop" coal,
Redstone Coal, The Redstone bed is mined by:drift well up on the slopes of the hills in the center of the basin, west and north- west of Boynton, The bed averages 4 feet 2 inches "thick. At salisbury it is 5 feet 2 inches thick including several thin shale partings; at Boynton the coal is 3 feet 8 inches thick not including two 6-inch shale partings; on Coal Run it averages 4 feet 4 inches THiCheMOw ACLU Ine ae TeetioOniimpure root coad. |The main’ bed! is generally divided into two or more benches by l-to-4 inch bone part- ings, (The quality 2s much inferior, to that.of) the, Pittsburgh, but it is a good steam coal, Much of the Redstone bed in this township is lost by undermining in the Pittsburgh bed,
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Sewickley Coal, The Sewickley coal, capping the hilltops northwest of Coal nun, is thin and impure, and will never be of commercial value,
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The Brookville ("A") and Clarion ("A'") beds, outcropping on both flanks of the basin, are thick but extremely impure beds without promise of future commercial value,
Lower <ittamning ( ea ) Coat, This bed outcrops on the western Slope of Allegheny Mountain and on the eastern slope of Negro Mountain. It has not been prospected, but outcrop measurements range from 8 inches to 2 feet 4 inches. Phe bed has one or more thin bone or shale partings, in addition to a one-half inch strealz of "“Suiphur"” on the tops
Middle Kittanning ("C") Coal, The Middle Kittanning coal ranges from 18 inches to 4 feet thick. It has nov. been prospected, but it is doubtful whether it will be of commercial value even locally.
Upner Kittanning (NOE) Coal, The Upper Kittanning coal out- crops on both flanks of the basin. ‘here opened at one locality on the western slope of Allegheny Mountain for farm use it is 2 feet thick and comparatively clean, The bed is mined for shipment in the vicinity of Garrétt where it averages 4 feet thick. It is divided into two or more benches by shale partings averaging one-half inch Diteky “nS lower bench) averaging ce inches, is very poor in quality, This bed has not been prospected to any great extent on the eastern Sloye of Negro Mountain, but outcrop indications are that it may Locally be, a fairly thick bed of good coal,
Lower Freeport ("dD") Coal. The Lower Freeport coal ranges from 8 inches to 3 feet thick in this township. It is opened for local use on the eastern slope of Negro Mommntain near Handwerk school, It is divided into two benches VV eimcies Oh tire (Clay The Wappen bench isie feet 6 inches’ thick; the) lower bench, which is 2 feet thick, has many "knife Wiaiéur atv bone and pyrite. The only commer- eial mine in‘this bed is at Carrett where the bed averages 2 feet 10 inches thick, including two thin bone partings, The cosl has fairly good quality.
Conemaugh Coals, Tne Conemaugh coals are generally thin and unimportant in this township. They have not been prospected to any great extent and may prove to be valuable locelly. The Lower Bakers- town coal is openec on Casselman River one mile southeast of Garrett, where it averages 2 feet 6 inches thick inelyding one 4-inch shale parting and one $-inch bone parting. The cool is fair in quality,
A cogl, locally’known as the Elk Lick, lving about 160 feet below the Pittsburgh, has been correlated in this report with the Lonaconing of Maryland, This bed has an unusvt2l local thickness of 4 féet on Elk Lick Creek, It was formerly mined for local use. The physical character of the bed is extremely variable, but three or more shale partings from 1 to 2.inches thick are always present, ‘The
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coal is rather high in ash and sulphur,
Pittsburgh Coal. The Pittsburgh bed thins northward from Elk Lick township and the partings increase in thickness. South of Casselman River the production from the Pittsburgh bed is limited to the pulling of pillars in the old mines. On the hills. north of: Meyersdale, where the bed is extremely thin and poor in' quality, it is mined by drift. The bed ranges from 2 feet 8 inches to 4 feet thick, and contains two or more bone partings ranging from 3 to 10 inches thick, Locally the bed contains numerous "sulphur balls.” One mile southwest of Miller school the bed is 5 feet 10 inches thick including a bottom bench of 30 inches of dirty coal which is not mined for shipment, and also a 6-inch bone parting 18 inches from the top, At Shaw Mines the Pittsburgh bed is divided into three benches. The top bench averages 5 feet 10 inches thick and has excellent quality. A 10-inch binder of shale (black-jack) separntes this bench from a middle bench which averages 7 inches thick. A 6-inch shale parting Separates the middle from the lower bench, which is 22 inches thick; locally these two lower benches are of good quality and are “loaded,” but they are left in most mines,
Redstone Coal, The Redstone bed is mined by drift in the hill- tops south of Meyersdale, principally at Shaw Mines, It averages 4 feet 6 inches thick, but invariably contains three or more thin bone partings which are removed carefully in mining. Although it does not have the thickness or quality of the Pittsburgh bed, it is extensively mined on the properties where the Pittsburgh bed has been mined out, It yields a large percentage of the total output of the basin,
Brothers Valley Township,
Brookville ("A") ana Clarion ("A") Coals. These coals have not been prospected to any great extent in this township. They outcrop well up on the slopes of Allegheny and Negro mountains in a practi- cally uninhabited district. During field work in this township in the summer of 1922 the writer observed these beds in many outcrops but is inclined to think that their commercial value is extremely’ uncertain, Locally they are thin beds having fairly good quality, but within a few yards they thicken up and partings come in that entirely destroy the value of the coal,
Lower Kittanning ("B") Coal, This bed underlies practically the whole township, but in most localities can be mined only by shaft. Drill hole records and outcrop measurements indicate that this bed averages less than 3 feet thick, The only commercial development is at Macdonaldton where the bed averages about 6 feet thick, including one or more thin bone partings and a lower bench of impure coal ranging from 6 inches to 2 feet 9 inches thick, This lower bench usually is not mined for shipment but is taken uw in rooms and head- ings for height,
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Middle Kittaming ("C") Coal, The Middle Kittanning coal is
thin and unimportant in this township. Its horizon is generally represented by a few inches of carbonaceous shale,
Upper Kittanning Meat Coal. The Upper Kittanning coal is one of the most important beds in Buffalo Creek valley northeast of Garrett. Many mines have been producing from this bed for several years, but large reserves'‘still remain. This bed underlies prac- tically the entire county, but is most easily accessible and of best quality on Buffalo Creek where it ranges from 2 feet 8 inches to 4 feet 2 inches thick, averaging about 3 feet 4 inches. There are no Characteristic impurities in the main part of this bed but in most localities a few inches of bone coal are present both on top and bottom, Locally one or more thin bone binders are present. In Ronee localities the coal has been cut out entirely by sandstone
aults."
Lower Freeport ("D") Coal. The Lower Freeport coal is present in large areas in the township but is opened principally on Buffalo Creck, It is also opened in the castern and northern parts of the township for local use, On Buffalo Creek the bed ranges from 22 inches to 3 feet 2 inches thick, and contains one or more local bone partings. The bed is very lenticular and is subject to "rolls" on roof and bottom,which make the thickness very irregular, The coal is high in ash and sulphur.
Upper Freeport ("E") Coal. This bed is a thin but very good coal throughout the entire township. It is used for local fuel in the eastern and northern parts of the township, but its commerciel development is limited to Buffalo Creek valley,where it is easily accessible by drift well up the slopes of the hills. The bed averages 2 feet 6 inches thick, is very irregular, and-only locally contains one or two thin bone partings, In some mines, 12 inckes of dirty bony coal is on the bottom, This is mined only when additional height is desired,
Pittsburgh (Pine Hill No. 2) Coal. As a result of several years Study by the Maryland and Pennsylvania Geological Surveys, tne Pine Hill No. 2 bed hasbeen correlated as the stratigraphic cquivalent of the Pittsburgh bed, and the Pine Hill No, 1 bed as the Sewickleys This correlation has met with the approval of mining enzincers in this district,
The Pittsburgh bed is mined by drift in the vicinity of Pinehill where it ranges from & feet 8 inches to 4 fect 6 inches thick, The bed is never entirely free from impurities, A lower bench, ranging from 8 inches to 2 feet 10 inches thick, is usually full of "sulphur" Streaks, The upper part of the bed commonly is parted by two or more shale binders ranging from to 12 inches thick. In general the bed is very regular. locally "sandstone faults" partly cut out the bed, This conl is used for steaming purposes, It is picked by the miners and on the car before Shipment.
Redstone Coal, The Redstone bed is the stratigraphic ceonivalent of the Platt coal of the Second Pennsylvania Geological Survey. This
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bed is extremely irregular in thickness and variable in quality, and no commercial mines are worked in it. Its horizon is usually represented by several feet of coal mixed with thick shale partings or carbonaccous shale,
Sewickley (Pine Hill No. 1) Coal. The Sewickley coal is mined by drift near the tops of tho hills in the vicinity of Pinehill and Berlin. The bed ranges from o toot to 4 fect.6 inches thick, averaging about 4 fect, Invariably it has a bony coal or “draw slate” rool. The main bed is separated by bone or shole partings ranging from to 4 inches thick, into three or more benches.
CONPLUENCE~-JOHNSTOWN BASIN, Black Township
Brookville ('A"} Coal, The Brookville coal outcrops near the top of Negro Mountain anticline in Black township. The bed lics almost directly mpon the Pottsville conglomerate, and is irregular in thickness and variable in guality. Very fow openings have been DEIG ING S nea because Gl 2is inferior quality due chictly to thick bone and shale partings. Locally in the vicinity of Wilson Creek the bed is 7 feet thick, of which only 3 feet 6 inches is merchantable coal, high in pas and ashe
Clarion cra! ") Coal. The Clarion coal outcrops on the crest of Negro Mountain and in the Coxc's’Creek valley.’ It is mined by drift in the vicinity of Blackfield, Wilson Creek, and Murdock. The ped averages 5 feet; G inches thick at Blackfield, including three or four shale partings usually about 8 inches thick, A lower bench 20 inches thick is too dirty to'be mined profitably. The bed is very Lrreeutar bocause or “rock rolis” on the roof.* The Clarion coal averages 4 feet 2 inches thick at Wilson Creek, including two or three bone and-shale partings ranging from 4 io LO inches thick.
The main bench, which is good coal, averages 3’feet 6 inches. At Milford the bed averages 5 feet 6 inches thick, including two per- Sistent shale partings ranging from 1 to 3 inches thick, and numerous “knife blades" of bone and "Sulphur," The bed is extremely variable in thickness and “sandstone faults" often entirely cut out the coal, Sulphur is common, occurring in the form of pyrite, The importance of this bed is normal times is slight.
Lower Kittanning ("B") Coal, The Lower Kittanning coal out- crops on the hills on the castern bank of %nxe's Creek, “and is mined by drift at many places along the valley. The bed averages about 4 feet thick, including impurities. The greater part of the merchant- able coal comes from a middle bench which ranges from 15 to 18 inches thick. This bench is separated from the top and bottom benches by $ to 2-inch shale partings. An impure bottom bench ranecs from e inches to 2 feet 4 inches thick. This bench is not mined for ship- ment but is taken up in rooms and headings for height. The bed is
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3 feet thick at Rockwood, including a g-inch bone parting in the midcic and 6 inches of bone on the bottom. The corl throughout this district is high in sulphur owing to the presence of numerous "sul- phur” stresks and nodules,
Middle Zittanning ("C") Coal, fhe Middle Kittanning coal is thin and unimportant in this township. Its horizon is marked by a few inches of impure bony coal.
Upper Kittanning (not) Coal, The Upfer Kittanning coal outcrops in the valleys of Coxe'’s Creek and Casselman River, It has been’mined in few localities. The bed averages about 3 feet 4 inches thick, including numerous shale partings, locally the bed is divided into two benches by 3 to 4 fect of firc clay. The upper bench ranges from 12 to 22 inenes thick; the lower one from 2 fcet 2 inches to 2 feet 8 inches, This fire clay parting is characteristic in the vicinity of Casselman,
Lower Freeport ("dD") Coai, The Lower Freeport coal outcrops on the hills on the eastern bank of Coxe's Creek, and on Cassclman River southwest of Roekwood the bed avernges about @ fect 6 inches thick, The top bench, which is 21 inches thick, is fairly clean and is separated from an impure bottom bench by a bone and shale parting averaging 18 inehes thick. The bottom bench is rercly londed for Shipment,
Upper Freoport ("E") Coal. The Upper Freeport coal outcrops and is mincd by drift high on the hills on the castern slope of Coxe’s Creek and on Cassclman River southwest of Rockwood, ‘The bed varices much in thickness and quality locally, and has no charnetcristic impurities with the exception of small lenses of pyrite, The bed vyarics from 2 fect 4 inches to 3 fect 8 inches thick in the Coxc's Creck valley, A top bench ranging from 18 inches to 2 feet 6 inches thick is fairly good coal, Below this main bench are seversl smaller benches of coal alternating with thick bone binders. This bottom coal i6 not mined, The coal is thickest under a shale roof,
Southern Part of Somerset Tovmship.
The Brookville ("A"), Clarion ("Af"), and Middle Kittanning ("0") Céals are not mined in this district.
The Lowes Kittanning ("B"), Upper Xittanning (rginy and Lower Freeport ("D") coals have been opened for local usc, These beds nre extremely varinble in thickness and quality. During the period of high priccs cool from those beds was hauled by wagon and londed on Sidings, These beds are locally 3 feet thick, but decrease within short distances to a foot or less.
' Upper Freeport ("EB") Coal. The Upper Freeport conl is mincd in the vicinity of Somersct, where 1% averages 3 feot 6 inches thick, The roof is bony coal, undernerth which is a bench of clem cocl ranging from 2 to & feet thick, Beneath this clean bench is three or four gmaller benehes of coal separated by thick bone portings. This
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coal is not mined. A small and extremely irregular "rider" bed lies about 18 feet above the Upper Freeport, and ranges from 3 to 6 feet thick, This coal is canneloid in character and has an'iash content varying from 10 to 20 yer cent. At one or more places this bed is mined and sold locally as a cannel coal.
Milford Township.
All the coals in the Allegheny formation outcrop in Milford township. Only reconnaissance work has becn done in this vicinity, and no definite statements ean be mde of Aes quality and thickness the coals except in the valleys of Coxe! Creek and Cassclman LAV 6
Lower Kittanning abe Deileded haty The Lower Kittanning coal is thin in this district, averaging & fect 2 inches thick. Its quality is good, the ash and Sulphur content being fairly low. The bed is romarkably froc from impurities and is very regular in thickness. Hast of Cassclman, along Casselman River, the Upper Kittanning coal is a double bed separated DY atnard fire clay parting ranging from. 2 TOr, inches wnick, (The top bench is 2 fect-2. inches thick, not including 4 inches of bony coal on the roof, The lower bench is 4 1eet 2 inches thick but has two thick bone partings. The lower 6 inches is canncloid,
Lower Freeport ("D") Coal, The Lower Freeport coal is mined on Coxe's Creek north of Rockwood, where it averages 3 feet 6 inches thick, bone parting ranging "from 7 to 14 inches a separates
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the bed into two benches, The top bench averages 2 fect 3 inches thick, and the lower one ranges from 8 to 20 inches a Locally there is another thin bench of coal on the bottom ranging from 2 to 6 inches thick, This bench is not mincd,
Middlecreek Township.
Midélecreek township lics on the enstern slope of Isurel Hill and is very thinly populated. Railroad facilities are poor and little prospecting has been done on the coal beds, This Survey has not done detailed work in this township and can rinke no definite statements as to the thickness and quality of the coals, During 2 reconnaissance field trip made in the summer of 1921 the writer noted several promising outcrops in the vicinity of Barronvale and Fall Creek.
These outcrops indicated that two or more beds are of mineable thicke ness and probsbly of fair quality, -No attempt has been made to correlate them,
Upper and Lower Tfurkeyfoot Townships. The outcropping rocks in this area belong to the Allegheny and Conemaugh formations, None of the Conemaugh coals are merchsantable
at the present timc. The Upper Kittanning is the most important bed in these two townships.
- 16
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The Brookville ("A"), Clarion ("A"), and Middle Kittaming ("0") Coals vary so much in thickness and quality that they have never been — commercially developed. They may, however, prove to be of value locally when more prospecting has been done,
Lower Kittanning ("B") Coal. The Lower Kittanning coal is thin in the vicinity of Casselman, averaging 2 feet 2 inches, but has very good quality. It has been successfully mined by the use of longwall Scraper loaders,
Upper Kittanning (10/") Coals § The Upper Kittanning coal, the important coal in these townships, ranges from 4 to 9 feet thick, including many impurities. It is characteristically a double bed Separated into two benches by a fire clay or shale parting ranging from 2 to'4 feet thick, "Draw slate" 4 to 6 inches thick is present at the top of the bed, The upper bench ranges from 16 inches to 2 fect 4 inches thick. Locally it is clean but generally has one or more thin shale partings. The lower bench ranges from 4 inches to 2 feet 8 inches thick, and locally is so dirty that it is mined for height in rooms and headings, The fire clay parting between the two benches is used for floor in mining the upper bench. At Humbert the Upper Kittanning coal avernges 2 fect 10 inshes thick. A shale parting from 2 to 4 inches thick is invariably present & to 6 inches above the bottom, Except for this one binder the coal is clean. The sulphur content is medium and the ash is low.
Lower Freeport ("D") and Upper Freeport ("E") Coals. The Freeport coals outcrop high on the hills on each side of Casselman River, They have not been mined. The little prospecting that has been done indicates‘that they are thin but very good quality. The Upper freeport conl, in particular, has promise of value when the more important beds have been mined out, At Humbert’the Upper Free- port coal has 2 maximum thickness of 5 feet 6 inches, including impurities. The top coal, 26 inehes thick, is usually 2 good clean coal, ‘The middie part of the bed has numerous thin bony partings, The bottom coal, ranging from 10 to 24 inches, has good quality.
Addison Township,
Brookville ("A") ana Clarion ("A'") Coals, The Brookville ana Clarion coals do not outcrop in Addison township. These conls have never been prospected to any great extent but are generally believed to be thin, dirty, and unimportant,
Lower Kittanning ("B") Coal, The Lower Kittanning coal outcrops at one or two places on Whites Creek, At Harnedsville it is 2 fect 10 inches thick, including numerous partings of bone and "sulphur." At Listonburg the bed occurs in one bench averaging 4 feet 4 inches thick, but is extremely dirty ond high in sulphur, containing many thin shale partings and numerous lenses of iron pyrite.
Upper Kittanning (10/1) Coal, The Upper Kittanning coal is the
most important bed in the Confluence-listonburg district where it is
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mined in mony places by drift, Its importance hos so overshrdowed
the other corls that they hnve never been prosvected to any grent extent. They are present, but their thickness an@ quality do not justify development at resent, at ieast while lerge ecrsases of the Upser Kittamning bed remain unmined. The Upper Mittanniiig coal averages 3 feet 4 inches thick in the vicinity of Confluence. The top 24 inches is clean coal; the bottom 16 inches includes 1 4nch of shale parting and’4 inches of bone coal at the base, At Harned.iville the upper‘bench, 3 feet thick, is separated from the lower bey,ch 10 inches thick, by an 8-inch fire clay parting. At Beachley the bed ranges from 3 feet 2 inches to 4 feet thick. It is never entirel.” clean,
but the partings are not persistent. In one mine, where the total thickness is 3 feet 8 inches, 12 inches at the top is a mix'Sure of alternating bands of bone and coal. The remainder of the bed is clean. At another locality the bed is 4 feet thick and is clean with the exception of a $ inch shale parting 24 inches above the bottrm.
Upper Kittaming ("0’") Coal. The Upper Kittanning coal is mined extensively in the vicinity of Listonburg where it ranges fron: 5 feet to 4 feet 4 inches thick, The coal is high in sulphur and ash. With the installation of picking tables and washeries, this distrieu. would be able to increase its production, ship two grades of coal, and lower the percentage of loss in mining. In this vicinity the physica. character of the bed varies sreatly in short distances, Where thinnest the bed usually has no characteristic impurities with the exception of small lenses of bone and iron pyrite. Where thickest it is usually divided into one or more benches by one or more thin bone partings,
and locally has 4 to 14 inches of bone coal on the bottom. This bone coal is not taken up in mining, —
Shower Freeport ("D") and Upper Freeport ("E") Coals. The reeport coals have been prospected at several points along the valley, but only locally do they have the good quality and thickness of the © Upper Kittanning, The Upper Freeport coal probably is the better bed, but rarely is over 2 feet thick. It is mined in the vicinity of somerfield where the bed ranges from 4 to 6 feet thick, including a clay parting in the middle ranging from 16 inehes to 2 feet 4 inches thick. The upper bench is a good cuality of coal, but the lower bench is locally very impure. The geology of this district has not been studied in detail, and as the reports of prospecting are very meager it is impossible to give any definite information, Numerous outcrops indicate that two or more beds may have future value as they may be mined in ¢gonjunction with beds of limestone and fire clay.
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Bed
1. Sewickley 2. Redstone 3e Redstone 4, Redstone 5. Pittsburgh 6, Pittsburgh 7. fLettsburgh 8. Pittsburgh
9,- Pittsburgh 10, Barton
ll. Lb, Bakerstown iz, i, Bakerstow eye Moe EEG DONG i4, U, Freeport tia Uy Preeport 16, UU, BPreeport Lt, U, @respost 18, Up reeport.t - toe Ue hi toanning 20, . U. Kittanning el, -U, Kittanning fo.) Meee Vannin Ss eo, Us Kittanning bo. Ly citvanning 20, iL, Kittanning 26, - gekittannineg Per) eae Onn Oe 28, iy Kittanning 29, L, cittanming
5O,)) Clarion
Locations from which samples were obtained are shown by eorresponding numbers on following page.
Table Of Analyses.
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Babess
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Loen9
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Mines and Sample Locations.
Ce a a en a i ee a ete
No. Company Mine Location 1.4, Consolidation Coal Noyite Pine Hill, 2 mi ‘sW 2. Meyersdale Fuel No. 3 Meyersdale, 6 mi. S 3. Grassy Run Coal Grassy Run No. 1 Salisbury, 23 mi. NW 4, Consolidation Coal No. 105 Shaw Mines 5. Boynton Coal Co. Chapman No. 3 Salisbury; 3/4 mi. W 6. Meyersdale Fuel Merchants No. 3 Salisbury, le mi. NE 7. Consolidation Coal No, 104 Shaw Mines: 8. HE. Statler & Son Statler Meyersdale, mi. NW 2. Consolidation Coal No. 113 Pine Hills Gami sow 10, Ward Compton Country Bank Salisbury? 2 mi. NW ll. Henry Opal Country Bank salisbury,’‘3 mi. NW 12. Black Coal Co, Black Meyersdale; S mi. MW LS, Fike Country Bank Meyerscale; S mi. 5 14. Lloyd Engle Country Bank Meyersdale, ls mi. SE 15. Handwerk Country Bank Summit Millis; 3 mi. NW 16. Johnson i Country Bank Summit Mills, ¢ mi. NW 174° iMcAllen Coal Garey Garrett, (do. ini i 18. Quemahoning Coal No, 10 Rockwood, # mi. W 19. Tri-State Collieries Garrett Slope Garrett, lg mi. N 20, Marine Smokeless Coal Marine Casselman, mi. W el, Ursina Fuel Mill Mine Ursina 22. UListonburg Coal . Miller Listonburg- 25, Linmer Confluence, 43 mi. SE 24. Davis Prospect Salisbury, 3‘mi. NW 25. Brothers Valley Coal Fen Mar No. 2 MacDonaldton, 15 mi. SW e6, Brothers Valley Coal Pen Mar No. 3 MacDonaldton 27. M, A. Sriyder Snyder Markleton, + mi. 3 25. J, M. Murdock & Son Milford No, 2 Rockwood; 6 mi. N 29, MeGregor Coal MeGregor No. Rockwood, 4 mi. N 30, Atlantic Coal Atlantic Ne. Garrett, 5 mi. NW
wn
2 077640487