The American Gas-Light Journal 1862-01-15: Vol 3 Iss 50

1862 · Historical

The American Gas-Light Journal 1862-01-15: Volume 3 , Issue 50. Digitized from IA1630616-07 . Previous issue: sim_pipeline-gas-journal_1862-01-01_3_49 . Next…

Public-domain full text preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library. Original source: archive.org.

American Gas-Light Journal.

The Official Gazette Of

Light, Heat, Water-Supply, And Sewerage.

Rooms—No. 39 Nassau Street, cor. Liberty Street, opposite the Post-Office, New York.

LONDON :—TRUBNER & CO., No. 60 PATERNOSTER ROW.

Vor. [IL.—No. 50.

New-York, Wednesday, January 15, 1862.

$3 Per ANNUM

Cornelius

& Baker,

Manufacturers Of

LAMPS, CHANDELIERS, GAS-PIXTOURES, &c.,

MANUFACTORIES 821 Cherry St., and Fifth St. and Columbia Avenue.

Store, 710 Che

Stnut Street,

Philadelphia.

Mitchell, Vance & Co.,

Manufacturers Of

Chandeliers,

AND EVERY DESCRIPTION OF GAS=FIXTURES. WAREHOUSE, No. 620 BROADWAY. Manufactory, 335, 337, 339, 343 West 24th Street, NEW YORK.

fo 4hr ret Yh ES BALL, BLACK & CO., 565 and 567 Broadway, CORNER OF Prince Street, New York, In addition to their large stock of RICH GOODS, Offer for sale a large assortment of CHANDELIERS AND GAS-FIXTURES Of every description and of the newest styles, Both FOREIGN anp DOMESTIC Manufacture.

Fellows, Ho

(Late Starr, Fellows & Co.,)

Manufacturers Of

Gas-Fiztures and Chandeliers,

Solar, Camphene & Fluid Lamps, Girandoles, Hall-Lanterns, &e. No. 74 BEEKMAN STREET, NEW YORE.

Manvuracrory, 71, 73, 75, 7 And 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, and 1

V. HAUGHWOUT & CO., 488, 490, & 492 Broadway, Corner of Broome St., New York, GaseFitters and Contractors for the Erection of Gas-Works. Messrs. E. V. Havcuwout & Co. have on hand a most extensive assortment of the newest and most desirable styles of

CHANDELIERS, BRACKETS, Lamp-Posts, AND Gas- Fixtures oF Every DEScRIPTION, to which they would respectfully cali the atten- tion of the public. (ee Gas-fitting done in the most workmanlike manner, and on reasonable terms.

Ffman & Co,

7, 79, 81, 83 Boerum Street. 00 Johnston St., Brooxtyn, N. Y.

Manufacturers Of

Gas-Fixtures and Chandeliers,

Ambrose’s Patent Coal-Oil Burners, to be used without Chimnies, Patent Paragon CogOil Burners, Patent Improved Excelsior Coal-Oil Burners, Hand Lamps, Columns, &c.

Manufactory At Frankfort, Chestnut Street.

Sales-Room, 6256

Philadelphia.

Ge Every article warranted equal in design and workmanship to any manufactured in the country.

M. L. Curtis, 141 Elm Street, New York City,

Manufacturer Of

As-Hix’Tu Res.

“ GAS=-FITTING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES. OLD CHANDELIERS, &c., RE-FINISHED IN-GILT, OR BRONZED, OR MADE TO APPEAR EQUAL TO NEW.

Analytical Chemist.

Water-Gas Works. °

Elton Buck, Analytical

e and Consulting Chemist, 39 Nassau

st., New York. Analyses of Ores, Minerals, Soils,

Guanos, Coals, &c., and Tests of Commercial

Articles, carefully and promptly made. Consul-

tations may be had, and opinions given on Chem-

ical questions. Samples for analysis from a dis-

tance, may be sent by mail or express, directed to the Laboratory as above.

Patent Agencies.

C. TREADWELL, Jr., Sortcrror

e of Patents, Moffatt’s Building, No.

885 Broadway, cor. of Worth street, new York. Patents procured in all countries where Patent laws are in force. Re-issues, Rejected Applica- tions, and Interference cases attended to with

personal care.

N ESSRS. J. WRIGHT & CO., Con- a suLtiInG Eneinerrs and Souicrrors of Parents, No. 42 Bridge street, Blackfriars, London, E. ©. Patents for inventions obtained in all countries where Patent Laws are in force.

Established 17 Years.

Ffice For The Procuration

of Letters Patent and the Regis-

tration of Designs. JOSEPH WILLCOCK & CO.,

Patent Agents and Engineers, successors to

Messrs. Bartow & Co., 89 Chancery Lane, Lon- don, W. C.

Gratis and post free, “‘ The Inventor's Manual,” also a pamphlet, ‘ L’Obtention de Patentes Ang- laises,” 500 Mechanical Movements; the first

art of Kinematics, or the Transformation of

otion, by Joseph Willcock, 0. E., Mem. Soc. of Eng. May be had at the above address, and of any bookseller. Price 2s. 6d

The second part is approaching completion and will shortly be announced.

Rip Pot For Sugar Moulds.

Patent improved article by JAR- BOE & MACKEY, made of wrought iron, with malleable iron rim for tip to rest on; 100 per cent. better-than any other pot, and costs: less. One trial will satisfy refiners of their superiority. Nos, 401, 403, and 405 Cherry street, N. Y.

Ater-Gas.—Appleton & Graham,

AGENTS FOR THE NEW ENGLA UNDER THE SANDERS PATENT, Are prepared to give estimates for Works, and guarantee the cost of Gas not to exceed One Dol- lar per 1000 cubic feet.

("Coal or Rosin Gas-Works altered at small expense.

A. & G. continue as heretofore to erect their improved Rosin and Rosin-Oil Works for Private Dwellings, Factories, &c. For further particulars apply at 56 Washington st., Boston.

Gwynne’s Water-Gas Apparatus,

No. 476 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, patterns, designed by their French artists. They

S FAR SUPERIOR To any oruer}

machine in use, as it needs no fire or aitention whatever, being entirely self-generat- ing, and takes up but little space, three feet square being all that is required ; and as it costs only $100 for ten burners, no family should be without one. For Towns, Villages, Factories, Steamboats, or any place where steam can be easily had, we have an apparatus which will produce any quan- tity of rich illuminating gas, by merely decom- posing the steam, and passing it through Coal Tar, or any other liquid Hydro-Cafbon, the gas costing only 75 cents per 1,000 feet. It requires no purifier or gasometer, as it generates only suf- ficient gas for the burners lighted, the quantity being gauged by means of a self-acting regulator. All orders for apparatus or rights must be ad- dressed to the CARBONIZED GAS COMPANY, 4764 Broadway, New York. We will also furnish plans and estimates for Gas-Works of any size, and erect the same on satisfactory terms.

Nd Water.Gas Co,,

s

Gas-Holders.

Asometers, Retort-House Roofs, Water-Tanks,

PURIFYING-BOXES, COAL-CARS, COKE BARROWS, AND ALL KINDS OF WROUGHT-IRON WORK FOR GAS AND WATER WORKS.

Manufactured by GEORGE W. KRAFT, Chest- nut street wharf, West Philadelphia, Pa.

Gas-Fixtures.

IFFANY & COMPANY, JEWEL- ers and importers of elegant artistic Parts Gas CHANDELIERS, BRACKETS, PENDANTS, &c., in Bronze and Gilt. No. 550 Broapway, New Yorx.

HILADELPHIA GAS FIXTURE Works.—Warner, Miskey & Merrill, Manufacturers, Store, No. 718 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Warner, Peck & Co., No. 376 Broadway, New York, would respectfully inform the public that they continue to Manufacture all kinds of Gas Fixtures, Lamps, Girandoles, Bronzes &c., and that their large and varied stock com- prises the simplest as well as the most elaborate

EORGE STACEY, Crvctynatt, O., Manufacturer of single and Teles-

copic Gasholders, Wrought-Iron Bridges, Girders, Joists and Stairways, Coke and Coal. Wagons, Rakes, Screens, and other Gas-works tools, Slide and Cup Valves, Bolts, Nuts, Chisels, Ladles, and other tools, Wrought-Iron Roofs, for Slate and Corrugated Iron, Gas Purifiers, Washers, Centre Seal Valves and other Gas apparatus, wach Bae Retort Lids. Refers to the following Gas Com-

also continue to keep at their store, 376 Broad- way, @ large and full assortment of all their manu- factured Goods. Dealers and others are invited to call and examine.

EORGE H. KITCHEN & CO., Manufacturers of Fixtures for Gas

Light purposes, Wood’s Building, No. 561 Broad- panies:

way, New York. Office of the Inspector of Gas Cincinnati, 0. Covington and New-

Meters for the State of New York. Nashville, Tenn. port, Ky. Springfield, Mass. Memphis, Tenn. Columbus, Indianapolis, Ind. Cleveland, 0. New Orleans, La.

Gasometer Rivets.

Cincinnati, O.

OOLE & HUNT, Batrmore, Mp.,

are prepared to execute orders for

(qian cc GAS-HOLDERS, IRON-ROOF FRAMING,

P HILLIPS & ALLEN, Pennsylvania And all other descriptions of

Iron Work for Gas-Works, Water-

Av , i venue, above 22d street, Phila- Papes, and Shaneae eal

delphia.—Gasometer Rivets of all kinds.

Carbonized Gas. Important To Gas Consumers.

HE CARBONIZED GAS COM- PANY, No. 476} Broapway, New

York, respectfully inform the public, that they are now prepared to supply Gwynne’s Parent CARBONIZER, and guarantee by its use to make a saving of 88 per cent. of their gas bills, and at the same time to produce a better light than the city gas. By this process, we warrant that there

will ‘be no collections of Carbon in the’pipes, a chief difficulty wih other machines of the kind.

and Machinery generally.

GAS-METER FLUID. AS THERMOMETERS FOR LUID FOR tenner yang te paces yeny — ee undersigned is prepared to furnish temperature of the gas wi ifiers into the stati at ws eres een cater ci sere heat estas die country of tadaunde, ond dete map cor. NOVER Mo. or a, - rode the métale of the meter. It has been in use H”™ WATER GAS STOVES, Ma- successfully for the last three yeare. nufactured by be B, Ketter For particulars, references, &c., address the & Co., 144 Centre street, New. Sn hoe: oi manufacturer, HENRY BOWE See Engravings on page 168,-Vol- Il. of ibis Box 363, Philadelphia, Pa, Jowaxat.

American Gas-Light Journal—January 15,

1862,

Our Agents.

Iron Foundries.

Iron Foundries.

Coal-Oil & Candles.

AGENTS OF The American Gas-Light Journal,

From whom it can be purchased in single copies or by the year. Tzrus—$3 per annum. Single copies 15 cents. Liberal discount to Dealers.

Azpany, N. Y Thomas Hastings, L. Gilbert, Wm. J. Bell. Boston, Mass ... D. Howard, Jr., Cushing & Bowen. Bripcerort, Ct News Agent at R. R. Station. Burraro, N. Y T. G. Hawks, B. F. Felton, D. Lockwood. Carmansvit_e, N. Y W. Cameron.

GCavemuns, M. T W. Van Loan. Cuicaco, Ill +- J. McNally, J. R. Walsh, Shear & Co.

Crevetann, 0. Hawks & Bros. Coipsprino, N.Y. .. A. Tenant. Doses’ Ferry, N. Y E. Ackerman. Exvianets, N. J R. Caldwell,

Wm. Gale. NS I Wes ssecses M. B. Brink. Fat River, Mass L. J. Moroo.

Frsuxitu Lannie, N. Y... J. R. Van Slyke. Fisnxiz Viriace, N. Y... B. Stanbach. Fort Wasurincton, N. Y... J. Maloney. Franky, N. Y. x. W. Reynolds.

Garena, Ill ... G. H. Schenck. Harrrorp. Ct D. C. Pond,

Cc. J. Geer. Hastines, N. Y D. Crane. Howesparr, Pa. A. G. Forbes.

Hopson, N. Y G. Parton. Hype Parr, N, Y J. N. De Graff. Jamestown, N. Y G. W. Hazletine. Krxesrton, N. Y C. Van Buren,

Mupvrx, N. J 02 W. Hastings. Mokuistown, N.J J. West, J. R. Ranyon. SS € Se Agens & Co., J. R. Jillison.

Newsors, N. Y W. H. Callahan, J. M. Martin, P. C. Daly, G. P. Lomas, New Haven, Ct E. Downs, T. H. Pease. coccee B. J. Tilley. .-. H. Warren.

Newport, R.I Newrowy, N. J. Nyracx, N.Y H. Hazelbarth. Peexsxitz, N. Y J. A. Green. Puicape.rais, Pa V. H. Myers, 152 South Fourth street.

PirrspurG, Pa J. W. Fittock,

Henry Miner,

L. P. Hunt. Povcnreepsig, N. Y J. H. Bush,

W. Patrick,

G. Williamson. Provipvence, R. I D. Kimball, Rauway, N. J W. H. Neefers. Mempour, M. ¥ 5- A. M. Barbes,

Winter Bros. Saratoca Sprines, N. Y... A. Hill. Savcerties, N. Y T. J. Barrett.

Sine Sinc, N. Y F, Bushers. Sommervitur, N. J C. Barkalow. StramrorD, Ct G. R. Treate. News Agent at R. R. Station.

Sr. Jounsvitie, N. Y G. A. Russell. Syracuse, N. Y J. H. Green. Tarrytown, N. Y C. De Riviere. ToLepo, O Ls. C. Shear. Taos, B. ¥ ls. Willard, J. F. Hoyt. Wasuixctos, D.C Taylor & Maury, Frank Taylor, P. De Vine, Kirkwood House, News Agent Willard’s Hotel. Watersrry, Ct D. J. Bishop. Wettsvitte. N, Y Wm. Patton. Wasr Point, N. Y H. N. Sheerar, R. A. Grand, opposite West Point. Yourxers, N. Y D. Burns, John Featherstone.

General Agents in New York City.

Ross & Tovsxy, 121 Nassau Street.

H. Dexter & Co., 118 Nassau Street.

Oxte, Darton & Jones, cor. Ann and Nassau Sts.

L. N. Saear & Co., 55 Hudson Street.

Hamizton, Jonnson & Farre.iy, 22 Ann Street.

J. F. Feexs & Co., 24 Ann Street.

F. 8. Taomsox, New Haven Railroad Station, 27th Street.

Tsomas Firzcwpons, New Jersey and Amboy Railroads.

Avexanper Craw, Harlem Railroad Station, 26th Street.

Wa. Sxetty, Greenwich Street, Erie Railroad Station, Duane Street.

In Canada, Tne American Gas-Licut JourNat can be or- dered through any of the News Agents in either of the Canadas.

In Great Britain.

Terms 15s, per annum, single copies 10d. Trvpner & Co., 60 Paternoster Row, London.

In France.

Terms 15 Frs. Sy! annum, Bureau of Le Journal del’ Eclairage au Gaz, Botilevara de Potssotiniere, No. 24, Paris.

Boom; mr New Yore.—No. 39 Nassau Street,

the Post Office. FRerme $6 per anna. Single copies 15 cents.

S. V. Merrick, J. Vaucnax Meanick,

. H. Merrick.

OUTHWARK FOUNDRY, Philadelphia. MERRICK & SONS, Engineers, Manufacturers of every description of Gas Machinery Retorts, Bench Castings, Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers, Wet or Dry Lime Purifiers, Coke Wag- ons, Fire Tools, Wrought Iron Grate Bars, Gas- holders, either TELESCOPIC OR SINGLE, WITH Svus- PENSION FRAMES COMPLETE; Wrought Iron Roof Frames, for Iron or Slate ; Stop Cocks, Exhausters, Steam Pumps, Boilers and Tanks, Steam or Hand Air Pumps for proving Street Mains, Centre Seals, Governors, Wrought or Cast-Iron Lime Sieves for Purifiers, Purifier Hoisting Machines, &c , &c. Address— MERRICK & SONS, 5th and Washington Streets, Philadelphia. ERGEN IRON WORKS, Established 1833. R. A. BRICK, Manufacturer of Cast Iron WATER

and Gas-Piprs Rerorts, Pipes, &c., always on hand. Office, 109 Leonard Street, New York.

REGON FOUNDRY, Nos. 740, 742, 744 Greenwich Street, New York.

HERRING & FLOYD, proprietors, manufacture Gas Compensators of all sizes, Self-Acting Valves, Exhausters upon an improved plan, costing less than half those of English manufacture, also cast- ings of every description for Gas and Water Works.

Herring & Floyd offer for sale Sabbaton’s Patent Screening Shovels for coke and coals, made of malleable iron, of all sizes ; Sabbaton’s Patent Im- proved Cast Iron Furnace Frame and Door, ar- ranged to protect the iron work of the door and frame from direct contact with the fire; also, Floyd’s Patent Malleable Iron Retort Covers, only quarter of an inch thick, but of convex form, and of great strength, as is attested by certificates from several of the leading Gas-works in America. For engravings of all the above patents see AMFRI- CAN GAS-LIGHT JOURNAL for October, 1859, pages 65 and 71.

Samples of the above castings can be seen at the Rooms of the AMERICAN GAS-LIGHT JOURNAL,

OLWELL & CO., Manufacturers, of Pig Iron and Cast Iron Gas and Water Pipes, No. 207 North Water street and 206 North Wharves, Philadelphia. STEPHEN COLWELL, W. DWIGHT BELL, THEO. TREWENDT, SAMUEL FULTON.

Raner & Mercer, 117 North

Water Street, & 124 North Wharves, Philadelphia, AGENTS ror THE MERCER FOUND- RY, AND ELK SHEET IRON WORKS.

Cast Iron Street Mains; Bends, Branches, Chemical Retorts, and ali kinds of Castings for Gas-Works, either Coat or Rosin Works. SiHret Iron For Gasometers cut and punched to order. Borer Iron of all descriptions, Russia SHEet Tron, Tin Plates, Biock Tin, Copper, Pic Leap, SPELTER, and Metals generally.

LORENCE IRON WORKS.—The subscriber is prepared to execute orders an make contracts for Cast-Iron Water and Gas-Pipes, from 2 inches to 48 inches-in diameter ; also, Retorts, Bench-Castings, Branch- es, Bends, and all Castings for Water or Gas- Works. Pipes and Castings coated with Smith’s Patent Coal Tar Varnish to prevent corrosion. JOSEPH G. JONES, 205'¢ Walnut Street, Philadelphia,

R. D- Wood & Co0.,

a MANUFACTURERS OF CAST-IRON PIPE, RETORTS, 2c, Office, 400 Chestnut street, PHILADELPHIA.

Ast Iron Pipes.—Earl’S

IRON WORKS, Newark, N. J.,

91, 93, 95, 97 and 99 Chestnut Street. Branch Office, 21 Centre street, New York.

The subscriber continues to manufacture Su- perior Cast-Iron Gas and Water Pipes, Branches, Bends, Angles, Bevel Hubs, Reduces, Sleeves, Drip Syphons, Plugs, Caps, Retorts, Bench Casi- ings, and Castings in general. Particular atten- tion paid to all Castings connected with Gas- Works. E. B. EARL.

S. ASHCRAFT, Cincryyatr, O., e Manufacturer of Gas and Water- Pipes, with Branches of every description; Re- torts for Gas and Oil Works; Gasholder Stands, Colums, &c.; Gas Purifiers, Condensers, and Gas Apparatus of all kinds ; Foundry Work in general. N. B.—A complete selection of Patterns on hand. Refer to any of the Gas-Works in the Western and Southwestern States, THEODORE Scowpen, Engineer, Louisville. Joun Jerrrey, Civil Engineer, Cincinnati. Jacos Houcuton, Engineer, Detroit.

ARREN FOUNDRY AND MA. CHINE CO., Phillipsburg, N. J. Manufacturers of Cast-Iron Pipes, from 2 to 48 inch diameter, all pipes from 3 inch to 48 inch cast vertically, and in dry sand, in lengths of 12 feet. 2 inch pipes in lengths of 7 feet. Special Coatings of all descriptions furnished at short notice. vi

REFERENCES. Croton Aqueduct dept., N. Y. Manhattan Gas Lt. Co., N. Y. Brooklyn Water dept., N. Y. Gas Y.

Brooklyn ., N.Y. Citizens’ Gas Lt. Oo., Brooklyn, N. ¥,

N ORRIS, TASKER & CO., i PASCAL IRON WORKS, {ESTABLISHED 1821,] PHILADELPHIA, manufacture Wrought Iron Weld- ed Tubes for Gas, Steam or Water; Lap-Welded Boiler Flues, GALVANIZED Wrovont Iron TUBES,

ARTESIAN Wt.LL PIPES. of Wrought or Cast-Iron, screwed together, flush inside and out; Gas-works Castings, Retorts and Bench Castings for Coal Gas-works,; Cast-Iron Street Mains, Bends, Branches, Drips, &c. Gas anpD Steam Fitters’ Toors, &c. STEPHEN Morris, Cuas WHEELER,

Tuomas 8. TASKER, Srepuen P. M. TASKER.

er IRON WATER, GAS, DRAIN AND HEATER PIPES, &c., COLUMBUtA’ troTY WeKs, Orrice, No. 46 NORTH SEVENTH STREET, Below Arch Street, Philadelphia. THOS. M. ADAMS, Proprietor.

Ty\O Gas And Water Com- Panies:

The undersigned, Agent for Messrs. Thomas Edington & Sons, Phenix Foundry, Glasgow, Scot- land, is prepared to contract for all descriptions of Cast-Iron Pipes of their manufacture.

About 6,000 tons of these Pipes have lately been supplied to the Brooklyn Water-works, N. Y , and the Chief Engineer of the Works, A. P. Kirkwood, Esq., is ready to testify to their excellent quality.

ARCH’LD BAXTER, 28 Beaver St., N. Y.

Sole Agent for the United States and Canada,

Gas=Coal.

. ee AND NEWCASTLE CANNEL & COAL,

FOR Gas-Manufacturers and House Use. The careful shipment of the best qualities, of Cannel and Coal, at the lowest rates current at the time of engagement guaranteed.

T. W. PARMELEB, Agt., No. 4 Irving Place, New York.

66 geome a CROSS” SUPERIOR

Hovse Cannet.—The undersigned is receiving regular supplies of the above well- known and choice Cannel, selected carefully, for sale, ex ship or from store, in lots to suit pur- chasers, on reasonable terms.

Dealers can be supplied by lighters, at their yards, from ships Vanguard and New World, now discharging, and from other vessels to arrive.

Apply to RICHARD THACKRAY,

No. 44 Exchange Place.

F. BUTTS & CO., (Successors to Burts & KENDALL,) DEALERS IN THE CELEBATED Sterling Coal, Pittsburgh and other Gas Coals, P. O. DRAWER, 74, CLEVELAND, 5810.

Clay Retorts.

DDISON POTTER, WILLINGTON Quay, NEAR NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, ENGLAND, Manufacturer of CLay Retorts, Fire Bricks, and every description of Fire Clay Goons.

Paes BROTHERS, 217 PEARL Street, New York, Commission Merchants, Importers of BELGIAN FIRE-CLAY GAS RETORTS, Dealers in Tiles, Arch-Bricks, Furnace-Doors, Movts-Pieces, Covers,

And all other Fittings, of the most approved pat- terns, for setting Clay Retorts. SaBBATON’S PATENT FurRNACE-Doors, & Frames, Floyd’s Patent Malleable Iron Retort Covers, McKenzir’s Patent Gas EXHAUSTERS,

made by Addison Smith. Compensator-Valves, &c. Gas, Water, and Steam Tubes.

HILADELPHIA FIRE-BRICK Works, corner of Vine and Twenty-

third streets, Philadelphia.

JOHN NEWKUMET, Manufacturer of all kinds of Fire-Brick, Gas- HovseE TILEs, to suit all the different plans in use. Clay Retorts and Dentists’ Mufiles. Orders filled at short notice

ee PYRO-CLAY GAS RE- TORTS. THOMAS HOADLEY, Patentee, wishes to call the attention of Gas- Engineers to these RETORTS. as a very superior article. REFERENCES :—Gas-Light Works, Buffalo, N. Y. Cleveland, O- se a3 Chicago, Ill. THOS. HOADLEY, Corner of Main and Mulberry Sts., Cleveland, 0.

EW YORK FIRE-BRICK Manufactory. (Branch Works at Kreischerville, Staten Island.)

B. KREISCHER & CO., office 56 Goerck street, corner Delancy street, New York.

Gas-Hovse TiLes and Fire-Brick of all shapes and sizes. Fire Mortar, Cray, and Sanp articles of every description made to order at the shortest notice, B. Krrmscuzr, M. Maurer, A. WEBER.

Downer’S & The Portland Kerosene Oil.

The price of our STANDARD KEROSENE IL- LUMINATING OIL has been STILL FURTHER reduced to meet the market.

Although this Oil is SUPERIOR TO ANY OTHER, it will be sold at the SAME PRICE as the EXPLOSIVE OILS now in general use.

J. H. BRUNDAGE & CO., Nos. 386 and 388 Furling Slip, NEW YORK.

— Luther Atwood Oil Company’S

Deoderized Illuminating Oil,

Unsurpassed by any KEROSENE manufactured. Is nearly COLORLESS, of a PLEASANT ODOR, and burns without smoke, or crusting the wicke WARRANTED NON-EXPLOSIVE.

For sale in any quantity ata greatly reduced price. Packed in cans and cases for foreign markets. Apply to U. TALLMAN, 84 Burling Slin, New Yorks

XN LENDON COAL-OIL COMPANY JI of Boston, Massachusetts, incorpo- rated June 1, 1859. E. F. JONES & CO., Agents, 8 Kilby st., cor. Central, Boston, Mass.

RUDE PETROLEUM OIL, ) direct from the wells in Pennsy]l- vania—of gravity 40 and upward—at lowest market prices. REFINED A 1 CRYSTAL OIL, for sale by the NEW YORK CHEMICAL ASSOCIATION. 85 Dey street.

OAL OIL! COAL OIL!! /) of the celebrated brand of “ Sitver Spring.” A superior burning oil, white, pure, safe, and odorless. J.8. STANTON, Manufacturer, 246 Greenwich Street.

LAMP CHIMNEY THAT WILL not break.—Made for the million. The patent Mica Chimneys for coal- oil Lamps possess many advantages over the glass chimneys. They do not break from the heat, falling, cleaning, or any ordinary usage. When one is purchased it will last, with care, as long as the lamp. They

fit all the burners now in use.

Amos Horning,

Agent for Manufacturer,

No. 821 North Second st., Philadelphia.

N. B.—Coal-Oil Lamps and C€oal- Oil at tow rates.

Patented Oct. 8, 1861,

Dithridge’s Patent OVAL LAMP CHIMNIES,

for Coal-Oil burners. Manufactured

of XX FLINT GLASS.

These chimnies are intended for the flat flame which, heating all parts of the glass equally, does not expose it to cracking.

E. D. DITHRIDGE, Fort PittGlass Works, Pittsburg, Pa.

HE LOVERS’ LAMPS.—Price Five Shillings ($1.25) each. To super- sede Candles and Night Lights. No Dressing or Trimming required. EDMUND SPILLER, Patentee, 98 HoLsorn-HILt, Lonpon. Post-Office orders attended to,

Ambrose’s PATENT COAL-OIL,

No-Chimney

Burner,

For Portable Lamps, Lan?vEeRNs, Etc. Requires no

Chimney. Address, J. E. AMBROSE, 249 Pearl st., New York, or 45 Newark Av., Jersey City, N. J.

OAL OIL, FOR BURNING.—Five quality, 40 to 50 cents per gallon, according to quantities. Dealers and consumers can obtain it at the above rates of XAVIER GEX, coal-oil refiner, 75 William street.

Anti-Freezing Apparatus.

REEZING OF GAS-PIPES.— Walton’s Patent Anti-Freezing Ap- paratus illustrated by Engravings in the AMERICAN Gas-Licut JournaL, of Jan. 1, 1861, page 212, is the most simple, durable and efficient of any known process.

See also certificates from Cincinnati, 0., and Louisville, Ky. Gas-Works in same number, page

Address, JOHN WALTON, Sup’t Gas-Works, Louisville, Ky

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American Gas-Light Journal.—January 15, 1862.

r East Moriches Peconi Upper Aquebo Wyomi Cc " WHERE GAS-WORKS AND WATER-WORKS Fire Island, , Pountecsit, Gane l—" ; wh ve aes ARE WANTED. Fireplace, Port Jefferson, West Hills, —,. ntr East Wettew ae Creek, BAA f th Flanders, Quogue, Yaphank. ay hpabiay ’ Nin, We are now publishing regularly the names of the a Bennington, Fotocentals, Perrys : . : ’ astile. ainesville. thirty thousand post-towns in the United States, so that ullivan County pro ae Perry Centre, i Barryville, Fremont, Never Sink, Covington jaca 7 Portameville* builders of gas-works and water-works, and the various Beaver Brook, Fremont Centre North Branch fae fhe Bhp’ 7 Beaver Kill Gale ’ Parksvill ’ Cowlesville, Java Centre, Saint Helena, manufacturers, may see where are new openings for Beech Wood G len Wild Phillipsport Babe, Java Village, Sheldon, . ’ ? ed ac business. And as each post-master will receive several Bethel, Grahamsvilie, Pike Pond, note’ V Johnsonsburgh, Bouts: Waren, usine: 2 Kagle Village, La Grange, Strykersville, 1 ee + Bloomingburgh, Hasbrouck, Pond Eddy, East ‘ hina North Java. Varysburgh opies of the Amertcan Gas-Ligut Journat, for distri- Bridgeville, Siachenesah Wunele, ’ . rysburgh, cop . East Gainesville North Sheldon Warsaw, (c. h.) bution, the number thus circulated will probably exceed a ee seeemeneiiie, Fast Java, . North Wethersfield, Weth ad, enh ‘ ; “ret ’ sDOEty ase East Koy Orangeville Wethersfleld Springs Three Million Copies. What a chance for advertisers! Callicoon Liberty Falls Sandburgh ae ’ f i Three Pp f Callicoon Depot, Loch Sheldrake, Shin Creek, Bast Orangeville, Wyoming. 4 ss . ee aryville Long Eddy Stevensville Yates County. POST-OFFICE TOWNS IN THE UNITED STATES, Cochecton, ‘ Lumberland, Thompsonville, Barrington Ferguson's cae Potter : IN Jochecton Centre Mamakating, West Brookville ' mh ? : ARRANGED BY STATES AND COUNTIES, Delaware Bridge, Mongaup, ’ White Lake, 7 seen. : ed Rock Stream, Showing where Gas-Works and Water-Works are Wanted. Fallsburgh, Mongaup Valley, Woodbourne, Bie on Ventre, taly Hollow, Rushville, Forestburgh, Monticello, (c.h.,) Wurtsboro’, ig pee Point, on Sherman’s Hollow, NEW YORK. Fosterdale, Morsston, Youngsville. Branch Port Milo’ Centre eam Narrowsburgh, ’ Fatal , 2 Dundee Penn Yan, (c.h.) West Dresden 60 Counties, 2,530 Towns, 78 Gas-Works, 16 Water-Works. Tio Bisetos : He ‘ ga County. ytown, Yatesville. (Concluded from page 119.) Apalachin Halsey Valley South Owego. es be . Schoharie County. Barton, : Hooper’s Valley, Spencer, : — Fultonham, Richmondville, Seeariee Eecagaatie sh Nard ON GAS-LIGHTING.—COMPARISON OF COAL e) : 7 ’ a 7 Barnerville, Gallupville, Schoharie, (c. h.,) Candor, Newark Valley, Waverly, GAS WITH OTHER MEANS OF ARTIFICIAL Barton Hill, Gardensville, Seward, Canfield’s Corners, Nichols, Weltonville, Breakabeen, Gilboa, Sharon, Catatonk,

Broome Centre, Carlisle, Central Bridge, Charlotteville, Cobleskill, Cobleskill Centre, Conesville, East Cobleskill, Eminence, Engellville, Esperance, Franklinton,

Alpine,

Altay,

Burdett, Catharine, Cayuta, Cayutaville, Croton Corners, Havana, (c. h.,) Hector,

Canoga,

Covert

Cruso,

East Varick, Farmer, Fayette,

Junius, Kidder’s Ferry,

Addison, Addison Hill, Arkport,

Avoca,

Bath, (c. h.,) Benneti’s Creek, Big Creek, Bonny Hill, Bradford, Buena Vista, Cameron, Cameron Mills, Campbelltown, Canisteo,

Caton,

Centre Canisteo, Cohocton, Cooper’s Plains, Corning, Crosbyville, Doty’s Corner, East Painted Post, East Troupsburg, Gibson,

Goff’s Mills, Greenwood,

Grovernor’s Corners,

Hunter’s Land, Hyndsville, Jefferson, Lawyersville, Leesville, Livingstonville, Lutheranville, Manor Kill, Middleburgh, Morseville, North Blenheim,

Sharon Centre, Sharon Springs, Shutter’s Corners, Sloansville, South Gilboa, Summit, Waldensville, Warnersville, West Conesvilie, West Fulton, West Gilboa,

West Richmandville.

Schuyler County.

Logan, Mecklenburgh, Moreland, North Hector, Odessa, Orange,

Perry City, Pine Grove, Reading,

Reading Centre, Reynoldsville, Searsburgh, Sugar Hill, Townsend, Tyrone, Watkins,

West Cayuta, Weston.

Seneca County,

Lodi,

Lodi Centre, Ovid,

Romulus, Romulus Centre, Rose Hill, Seneca Falls, Sheldrake,

Townsendville,

Trumansburgh Land-

ing. Tyre, Varick, Waterloo, (c. h.,) West Fayette, West Junius.

Steuben County.

Haskinville, Hornby, Hornellsville, Howard, Jasper, Kanona, Lindleytown, Loon Lake, Mead’s Creek, Mitchellville. Mount Washington, North Cameron, North Cohocton, North Reading, North Urbana, Painted Post, Perkinsville, Prattsburgh, Pultney,

Purdy Creek, Rathboneville, Rexville, Risingville, Riker’s Hollow, Savona, Sonora,

South Addison,

South Bradford, South Dansville, South Hill, South Howard, South Pultney, South Thurston,

South Troupsburgh,

Stephens’ Mills, Thurston, Towlesville, Troupsburgh, Urbana, Wallace, Wayland Depot, Wayne,

Wayne Four Corners,

West Addison, West Cameron, West Greenwood, West Jasper,

West Troupsburgh, West Union, Wheeler. Wileysville, Woodhull,

Young Hickory.

St. Lawrence County.

Black Lake, Brasher Falls, Brasher Iron Works, Brier Hill, Buck's Bridge, Canton, (c. h.,) Chase’s Mills, Colton, Crary’s Mills, e Kalb, De Peyster, East De Kalb, East Pierpont, Fast Pitcairn, Edenton, Edwards, Edwardsville, ine, Flackville, owler,

Hailesborough, Hammond, Helena, Hermon, Heuvelton, Hopkinton. Lawrenceville, Lishon,

Lisbon Centre, Louisville, Louisville Landing, Macomb, Madrid, Massena, Massena Centre, Morley, Morristown, Nicholville, Norfolk,

North Lawrence,

Fullersville Iron W’ks North Potsdam,,

Gouverneur, Grass River,

Amagansett, Anityville, Atlanticville, Babylon,

aiting Holl Bell Port,” Blue Point, Bridgehampton, Centre Moriches,

entreport, Cold Spring Harbor, Commack, Coram,

utchogue. . Deer Park, Dix Hills, East Hampton,

arion,

North Russell, North Stockholm,

Suffolk County.

Fresh Pond, Good Ground, Greenport, Hauppauge, Huntington, Islip, Jamesport, Lakeland, Manorville, Mattituck, Middle Island, Miller’s lace, Moriches, Mount Sinai, New Village, Northport, Orient, Patchogue,

Oak Point, Ogdensburgh, Parishville, Pierpont, Pitcairn,

Ps ach Mills,

otsdam, Racket River, Raymondville, Rensselaer Falls, Richville, Rossie, Russell, Shingle Creek, Somerville, South Edwards, Southville, Stockholm, Stockholm Depot, Waddington, Wegatchie, West Potsdam, West Stockholm.

Riverhead, Sag Harbor, Saint James, Sayville, Selden, Setauket, Shelter Island, Smithtown, Smithtown Branch, Southampton, South Haven, Southold, Speonk, Springs,

Stony Brook, Success. Suffolk Station,

Thompson’s Station,

East Berkshire, East t andor, Factoryville, Flemingsville,

Bennettsburgh, Caroline, Caroline Centre, Danby, Dryden,

East Lansing, Enfield, Enfield Centre, Etna,

Forest City, Groton, Groton City,

Accord, Awwesville, Bearsville, Brunyswick, Clintondale, Denning, Dwaar’s Kill, Ellenville, Esopus, Evensville, Fly Mountain, Galeville Mills, Glasco, Greenfield, High Falls, Hurley, Jamesburgh, Kerhonkson, Kingston, (c. h.) Kripplebush, Kyserike,

Athol,

Bolton,

Caldwell, (c. h.) Chestertown, Creek Centre, French Mountain, Glenn’s Falls,

Adamsville, Argyle,

Bald Mountain, Battenville, Belcher,

Buskirk’s Bridge, Cambridge, Centre Cambridge,

Coila,

Fast Greenwich, Easton,

East Salem, Fort Ann,

Fort Edward,

Alloway, Alton, Arcadia, Clyde.

East Palmyra, Fairville, Huron,

Joy

Lock Berlin, Lyons, (c. h.) Macedon,

Armonk, Bedford, (c. h.) Bedford Station. Boscobel, Boutonville, Bronxville, Chappaqua, Cross River, Croton Falls, Croton Landing, Dobbs’ Ferry, East Chester, Fordham, Golden’s Bridge, Harrison,

Irvington, Jefferson Valley, Katonah, Kensico,

Centre White Creek,

Comstock’s Landing,

Fort Edward Centre,

North Barton, Owego, (c. h.;) Richford, Smithsboro’,

West Candor, West Newark, West Richford, Willseyville, Wilson Creek,

Tompkins County.

Ithaca, (c. h.) Jacksonville, Lake Ridge, Lansingville, Ludlowville, McLean, Mott’s Corners, Newfield, North Lansing, Peruville, Pony Hollow,

Ulster County.

Lackawack, Lake Hill, Libertyville, Loyd,

Malden, Marbletown, Marlboro’, Milton,

Modena, Napanock,

New Hurley, New Paltz,

New Paltz Landing, Ohioville,

Olive,

Olive Bridge, Perrine’s Bridge,

Pugsley’s Depot, Rawson Hollow, Slaterville South Danby, South Lansing, Speedsville, Trumansburgh, Trumbull Corners, Varna,

West Danby, West Dryden, West Groton,

Port Ewen, Quarryville, River Side, Rondout, Rosendale, Samsonville, Saugerties, Shandaken, Shawangunk, Shokan, Stone Ridge, The Corner, Tuthill, Ulsterville, Wawarsing, West Camp, West Hurley,

Phoenicia, West Shandaken, Pine Hill, Wilbur, Plattekill, Woodland, Woodstock, Warren County. Hague, Pottersville, Horicon, Queensbury, Johnsbnrgh, Stony Creek, Luzerne, The Glen, Mill Brook,} Thurman, North Creek, Wardboro’, Warrensburgh,

Washington County.

Fort Miiler, Galesville, Granville, Greenwich, Griswold’s Mills, Hampton, Hartford, Hebron, Jackson, Kingsbury,

Lake,

Low Hampton, Middle Granville, North Argyle, North Cambridge, North Easton, North Granville, North Greenwich,

Wayne County.

Macedon Centre, Marengo, Marion, Newark,

North Huron, Ontario, Palmyra, Pultneyville, Red Creek, Rose,

Westchester Count

Lewisboro’, Mamaroneck, Moringville, Morrisania, Mott Haven, Mount Kisko, Mount Vernon, Neperan, New Castle, New Rochelle, North Castle, North Salem, Peekskill, Pelham, Pine’s Bridge,

Hastings upon HudsonPleasantville,

Port Chester, Poundridge, Purdy’s Station, Rye,

North Hebron,

North White Creek,

Patten’s Mills, Putnam,

Salem, (¢ h.) Sandy Hill, (c. h.) Shushan, Slateville, Smmith’s Basin, South Argyle, South Easton, South Granville, South Hartford, West Fort Ann, West Hebron, White Creek, Whitehall.

Savannah, Sodus,

Sodus Centre, Sodus Point, South Butler, South Sodus, Walworth, West Butler, West Walworth, Williamson, Wolcott,

y-

Salem Centre, Scarsdale, Shrub Oak, Sing Sing, Somers,

South Salem, South Yonkers, Spuyten Duyvil, Tarrytown, Throg’s Neck, Tuckahoe, Verplank, Vista,

West Chester, West Farms, West Somers,

White Plains, (c. h.)

Williams’ Bridge, Yonkers, ¥orktown,

LIGHTING.—DISCUSSION ON PUBLIC LIGHT- ING AND RECENT IMPROVEMENS THEREIN,

By SaMvue. Vanes, Civil Engineer, F.G.S.

(Continued from page 204.) Experiments in the Westminster district : 1. Part lighted by the Equitable Gas Company west of the Vauxhall Bridge road.

The pressure in the mains was found to vary from 17 tenths down to 8 tenths, The pressure at the burn- ers varied from 10 tenths down to 2 tenths. The con- sumption of the lamps at sunset varied from 5.3 to 5.35 ft., and after 2 a.m. the consumption fell from 2.08 to 2.75 ft. The average consumption per annum for each lamp experimented on was 14,806 ft. per an- num instead of 22,000 ft., which it should have been at 5 ft. an hour.

2, In the part of the Westminster district lighted by the Chartered Company the pressure in the main varied from 30 down to 5 tenths, and the pressure at the burners from 26 down to 14 tenths.

The average consumption of eleven lamps at sunset was found to be 2.54 ft. an hour, but after 2 a. m. the average consumption fell to 1.04 ft. The eleven lamps, on the average of the night, consumed 1.68 ft. an hour, instead of 24, and each lamp consumed per annum 7,012 ft. a year instead of nearly 11,000, which was the proper contract quantity.

3. In the hamlet of Knightsbridge, lighted by the Western Gas Company, the pressure in the main varied from 30 to 8 tenths, and the pressure at the burners from 26 down to 3 tenths.

The average consumption of four lamps at sunset was 3.34 ft. an hour, but at 2 a.m. the average con- sumption fell to 1.57 ft. an hour.

These lamps burnt, on the average of the night, 12,643 ft., or more than 2,000 ft. in excess of the con- tract quantity. These were the only lamps which were found to be doing justice to the public.

Public Lamps In Lambeth.

Twelve lamps lighted by the London Gas Company were experimented on in June, 1858.

The pressures in the main varied from 26 down to 5 tenths, The pressures at the burners varied from 21 down to 2 tenths.

The average consumption of the whole twelve lamps when first lighted was 4.94 ft. an hour, but the lowest consumption during the night only averaged 2.04 ft., or less than half the proper quantity.

The average consumption of the whole twelve lamps throughout the night was only 3.23 cubic feet an hour, giving for the whole year 13,920 feet instead of 22,000, which they ought to have burnt at the rate of 5 ft. an hour.

The lamps lighted by the Phenix Company were also tried in Lambeth.

The pressure in the mains here varied from 19 down to 6 tenths, and the pressure at the burners from 17 down to 2 tenths.

The average consumption of the whole ten lamps at sunset was 6.26 feet an hour. The average of all the lamps gave 2.63 feet an hour as the lowest consump- tion in the night,

The ayerage consymption throughout the night was 4.19 ft. an hour, and the consumption of each lamp per annum 18,042 ft.

ear 0

b)

Se Bieri: serge teecigh

Stet teva ue ee noah

212 American Gas-Light Journal.—January 15, 1862.

ey

Table I.-contains all these results in a collected form, with the addition of a number of experiments made in other parishes.

Experiments have since been made in various other parts of the metropolis, but as these now form the sub- ject of disputes with Gas Companies, I prefer confining my statements to those which have already been given in evidence before parliament.

9.2 229 PY Be Z SSESSISSSSSSS we 2 S2Sersstssee2 Soerss SSassleeessasceeks o ng S25 e Foyt 4 2 sc: e : roe © Pssigi:::i: 33 "4 ee pa £3 & Pe . Tie eis ss & w arn se sue ae s oS 25 eg Pbiiipii::i see ] Peeks teers te ses Se EN Ee a Pe a Bg. pe eae § She 2 Owe 3 te i Re ie et 5 eee 2 2 ee oe ie oe ey eee eee hE I ES SO ee s ft ee Number of Lamps me] Sawer Pe Sto mR e tried.

SP2e= apsb2o8 @/ segses PSRSSeE asess: 2e5e235] Name of Gas o oP erst BSES&SS Swxze? gBKEBSRS 2 Eo Company. “s s oF So s a 1m S . EE: fs ved contort wore erors recog Highest Pressure - ° BASCSAS SHO SCASSN in Mains. i repro Lowest Pressure Zl BO Qe Sr erowwkaannan in Mains. 3 BD etid edeteteteams sanoedeor Highest Pressure ? SHOALHKASADDANIEK SSS at Burner. he Lowest Pressure Myr HID eo GORD IOS Sm ror oto at Burner. oe Average A aR GAR a oe a of ng a mt ad Consumption ——— erred to ohh OOo PoP Mri Average lowest f ZES1 Consumption. So RS tooo] Mean Hourly S=ESE| Consumption. “Tar =&aF Mean Annual l Consumption.

The following calculation shows the average con- sumption derived from all the preceding experiments, which comprise observations on 106 lamps, extending, in some cases, over more than a week.

TABLE II. No. of Consumpt Consumpt. of em. Lamps. per Lamp. all the Lamps.

St. John’s, Westminster 3 14,806 44,418 St. Mary’s, Westminster 11 14,024 154,264 Ditto a onl 4 25,286 101,144 DCs ch bhassseseteces 12 13,920 167,040 DD. Wededace <bobavenee ; 10 18,042 180,420 NE PEO Te 1 12,740 12,740 sbURGouvestwene oe 1 19,454 19,454 i pct cro: oe 25,092 25,092 DRG ctr chase sh sox 6a 6 15,444 92,664 SE er 3 15,021 45,063 Db sss o0 case 2 18550 87.100 ceighnakevoownees 2 22.295 44 590 BS sini one nike’ 3 14,038 42,264 Lewington ie 15,354 184,248 a eee pal 7 10,200 71,400 es neha eseees 28 j; 15,043 421,204 106 1,643,095

Average annual consumption per lamp a

15501 cubic feet; whereas the consumption, at 5 ft. an hour, should be 21,520 ft., or nearly 39 per cent. more than it really is by experiment.—(See Evidence on Metropolis Gas Bill, 1860.)

In my last paper I have shown, as the result of a great many experiments on the public lamps of the metropolis, that these do not consume on the average more than 15,501 cubic feet, when lighted throughout the year from sunset to sunrise.

If we now calculate what should be paid for this supply of gas, even at the same price as that paid by the private consumer, we shall find that a very exces- sive overcharge is made by the companies all over London. The prices now paid by the private con- sumer within the metropolis may be said to range from 4s. to 4s. 6d., as the exceptional cases in which more than 4s. 6d. is charged by one or two companies in remote parts of the metropolis are scarcely worth noticing in this general view.

We shall assume for the present that the service of lighting, cleaning, extinguishing, repairing, &c., is worth 13s. per lamp per annum, although we shall afterwards show that this is more than the cost to the companies, and much more than it could be done for by the parishes, should they chose to take it into their own hands.

The following, then, are the very highest prices which should be charged for gas, when the consumer pays from 4s. to 4s. 6d. per 1,900 feet:

Additional Extreme price

for which should

Lighting, be pald per

&e. lamp per ann,

& ad. & 8. d. 8. d. 2 8. d. 15,500 at 4 0 te ere DRE ssescce 815 0 15,500 at 4 2 BW ie iexgend ae ©: exeay oc OAT

15,500 at 4 8 Je ae Pee 8 18 10K 15,500 at 4 6 de eee Pe vincaue 4 2i1

Taking the fair price to be 75s. per lamp per annum, when the private consumer pays 4s, per 1,000 feet, we may compare the following parts of the metropolis where the 4s. price prevails,

In the City of London the prices paid per lamp per annum are 82s, and 84s,

Sad. 42 4. In Mile End Old ‘'own the price per lampis. 4 8 0 In Limehouse Ldnbbasnopisesames tenes 4 9 Oand415 0 ee criss ccoub avast mbieudswase 43 9and5 1 8 In part of Clerkeawell ceccsecves 440 a Ee ee eee 4 4 Oand412 0

In the following districts, or in parts of them, the price has been reduced to 4s. 2d. per 1,000 feet since the passing of the Metropolis Gas Act, and here the extreme price per lamp per annum should be £3 17s. id.

Za4 £2244. But in Camberwell the price ranges from 440t05 00 In Bermondsey the price paid is 400 In Lamberth 0. SH hone 418 6 In St. George the Martyr 400 In St. Mary, Newington 410 0

The same overcharges are paid in the district sup- plied by the Pheenix Company, which has reduced its price to 4s, 3d. since the passing of the Metropolis Gas Act. The excess of price, however, is still greater in districts where 4s. 6d. is the price charged to the private consumer. The amount paid per lamp in these districts ranges from 90s, up to 110s., or 27s. in excess of the price which should be charged according to the quantity of gas consumed.

We shall show, presently, the very large saving which has already been made in all towns where the method has been adopted of burning the public lamps by meter.

There is also another saving which the provisions of the Metropolis Gas Act place within the reach of all local authorities in the metropolis, It is commonly understood that before the passing of this Act—at all events before the pressure upon the Companies, which prevailed during the passing of the Act—the common gas supplied in London did not exceed an illuminating power of 10 sperm candles; but since the passing of the Act all the gas companies in London are compelled to supply gas equal to 12 sperm candles, and they are liable to heavy penalties whenever the gas falls below this standard.

The present contracts for public lighting usually stipulate that each public lamp shall consume 5 feet an hour; and.as the quantity of gas required to give a fixed light: is in the inverse ratio of the illuminating power, it follows that, as 12: 10:: 5: 4 1-6; so that 4 1-6 feet of 12-candle gas will give the same amount of light as 5 feet of the 10-candle gas.

There can be no doubt if the provisions for testing gas be properly carried out, that 4 feet per hour con- sumed in the public lamps would give as much light as 5 feet of the gas which has hitherto been supplied in the metropolis.

EXPENSE OF LIGHTING AND EXTINGUISHING THE GAS, CLEAN- ING, REPAIRING, AND PAINTING, &C.

It is usually calculated that a lamplighter can light from 100 to 120 lamps an hour, and extinguish the same number in an hour at sunrise, The contracts usually stipulate that the lighting shall begin half an hour before sunset, and finish half an hour after sun- set; also, that the extinguishing shall begin half an hour before sunrise in the morning, and finish half an hour after. This of course makes the mean time of burning from sunset to sunrise. The cleaning can be dene in the daytime by the same man who lights and extinguishes; and in fact it is scarcely fair to assume that a whole day’s pay will be required for an hour’s work at sunrise, and hour some time in the day clean- ing his lamps and putting his apparatus in order, and another hour at night engaged in lighting. However, let us see what the lamplighting should cost on this principle.

In parts of London where the lamps are very close together the lighter can manage 120 lamps, and his wages for seven days a week shall be taken at £50 a

year. This amounts to 8s. 4d. alamp. Supposing he only lights 100 lamps, the cost then would be exactly 10s.a lamp. But when public bodies are seeking to economise, it is quite evident that this is a higher price than they are justified in paying, and higher than they would be required to pay if, by any contrivance, the spare time of the lamplighters can be utilised either in the service of the local authority, or by working for themselves.

The system has occasionally been tried in London of paying the lamplighters for this duty exclusively per score of lamps, and the following are the prices:

8d,

Payment per week for lighting 20 lamps hakewes' shee se 10 “s “6 extinguishing 000 secccsceccees ye

“ “ Cleaning s.00 Ceweeeese peadeer 06 MOT osc ccccccscvesces junto nddskedaseevers 26

per score per week, or £6 10s. per annum for 20 lamps, this being equal to 6s. 6d. per lamp. This is believed to be about the proper cost of the service when done with ladders, and without the aid of the lighting rod, which will be described hereafter, and which enables the lamplighter to manage a considerably increased number of lamps.

During the progress of the Metropolis Gas Inquiry, information was obtained from many towns as to the actual cost to them of this service when performed by their own servants. It was found that at Blackburn the whole cost to the town for lighting, extinguishing, painting, and repairing the lamps, which burn 2,486 hours, was 9s, 4d. per lamp per annum. At Hudders. field, the lighting, cleaning, and extinguishing are let at 8s, per lamp per annum, the lamps burning 3,750 hours in the year.

With these examples before us it may safely be assumed that 10s. per lamp per annum is a very liberal price for the metropolis, where the lamps are closer together than in provincial towns, In the latter, again, the wages are usually lower than in London; so that 10s. a lamp should amply cover the cost of lighting, extinguishing, and cleaning, together with the small outlay required for the use of ladder, lantern to light with, &c. The only other item is the painting and re- pairing, and this is commonly let by contract in the metropolis at 3s. per lamp per annum, making the whole cost per lamp, exclusive of gas, 13s. per annum, where the posts and lanterns belong to the local authorities. The London gas companies, however, claim 15s. for this service; and as this is their own claim, they ought to deduct 15s, per lamp when the work is performed by servants of the local authority.

Payment For The Use Of The Lamp-Post, Lantern, &C,

In London the lamps and posts usually belong to the local authority, together with the service-pipe within the lamp-post, the company laying the service-pipe from their own main to the foot of the lamp-post. The cost to the company of laying the service-pipe com- plete to the lamp-post is, on the average, about lis. each, and this is really part of the company’s distribut- ing apparatus, The companies are bound to lay these service-pipes by the provision of the Metropolis Gas Act, 1860, which requires that they shall lay service- pipes to premises not lying further than 50 yards from existing mains, (See sec. 14 of the Metropolis Gas Act, 1860.)

The usual price of lamps and posts complete in Lon- don is about £3 each; but in country towns the cast- ing of the lamp-post is much lighter, and frequently does not cost more than 30s,; hence the price may vary from 30s, to four and even five guineas in certain cases. Where the lamp is the property of the gas com- pany, an addition by way of rent must be made to the price paid for each lamp per annum. This rent should be such as to pay about 74 per cent., or 1s. 6d. in the pound, on the cost of the lamp-post. Thus the rent for a lamp-post costing £2 should not exceed 3s. a year; and this is a common rent in provincial towns for the use of the lamp-post, lantern, lamp-irons, ce. Collect-

ing these items together, we have—

Per Lamp

per Annum.

Cost of lighting, extinguishing, and cleaning +-++" . ;

Repairing and painting. ++++- oa opin aaneiy 0 6:69" ’

Extra for use of lamp-post, lantern, &c., when these belong tO GAS COMPANY... se seee soceera cveecsessesssgerrre®

ia a ae og ee ee ee ees. eee ee, ee

des sed

ry, the

ele

Gas-Light Journal—January 15, 1862.

American

WHEN THE LAMPS ARE LIGHTED AND EXTINGUISHED BY THE LOCAL AUTHORITY, BUT SUPPLIED WITH GAS BY METER AT

A Price Per 1,000 Feet.

I have already said that all over Scotland, as well as in many Lancashire towns, the local authorities light their own lamps, and only pay the company for the gas consumed. This payment, however, is made on arbitrary estimate of the quantity consumed, and no meters are employed to ascertain the quantity. The use of meters would doubtless be much more satisfac- tory.to both parties, provided they could agree to be guided by the registration of a given number of meters, attached to a small proportion of the lamps. The sys- tem of ascertaining the consumption of the public lamps by means of meters has been adopted for some years in Leicester, Lincoln, St. Ives, Worthing, Tor- quay, Plymouth, and other places.

In St. Ives and Torquay the proportion of meters used is only one for every twelve lamps, while in the other places the proportion of meters is very much less than this: for instance, in Leicester only 1 lamp in 70 is supplied with a meter. Of course, in all cases the registration of the meters regulates the charge for all the lamps. It is interesting to note what has been the consumption indicated by meters in towns where they have been employed at the public lamps. I am in- formed by the secretary of the Plymouth Gas Company that the public lamps, when tried by meter for twelve months, consumed, on the average, 16,100 feet per an- num, as compared with nearly 22,000 feet, which the London Companies profess to give at 5 feet an hour, from sunset to sunrise, throughout the year.

The return from St. Ives by Mr. George Bower, the lessee of the works, shows that during September, Oc- tober, November, and December, which contains 1,713 dark hours, the lamps have burnt, on the average, 4,100 feet of gas, which is equivalent to 10,301 for the whole year. The returns from Torquay are, however, the most complete. By the Tormoham Gas Act, which passed seven or eight years ago, the local authorities were entitled to have their gas for public lamps sup- plied by meter; and the act distinctly specified that the consumption should be ascertained by a meter at- tached to every tenth lamp. The company and the local authorities, however, subsequently agreed to adopt only 1 meter to 12 lamps, and the system has been in use ever since 1855, with the following results :

Cubic Feet.

In 1856 the average registration of the meters was 12,575 In 1857 “ “ “ oo. 12,895 In 1858 “ " e+. 18,709 In 1859 “ “ see. 183,475

In 1860 the supply of gas was defective, and the sur- veyor says the return would be useless,

The enormous saving which has been effected in all these cases holds out the most ample encouragement to local authorities everywhere to insist on this mode of supply to their public lamps.

Considerable attention has been drawn of late years, in the metropolis, to the subject of the public lamps burning by meter ; but the local authorities have gen- erally been alarmed at the expense of fixing a meter to every lamp. The London companies, so far as I am aware, have refused to be bound by the indications of any smaller proportion of meters, and have insisted that if the public lamps burn by meter at all, a meter shall be fixed to every individual lamp. Having been engaged by several of the principal metropolitan par- ishes in the investigation of this subject, I have in- quired very fully into all the various modes which have been proposed and adopted for attaching meters to public lamps. I am prepared, as the result of all this investigation, to recommend that in preference to the present system of paying on a perfectly indefinite and unreliable estimate, it would be far better even to put up with the expense of attaching a meter to every lamp. I do not for a moment say that any such ex- travagant outlay is necessary. On the contrary, to put a meter to every lamp is a measure which a local authority is only compelled to resort to as a protection against opression, for it must be quite evident that 1 in 12 would be quite sufficient, and perfectly fair as between both sides.

The usual mode of attaching meters to public lamps has beeh to place them under the footway at the base

of the lamp post. In this position they require to be.

ficient depth to be protected from injury by the ordi-

nary street traffic. All the underground meters fixed in this way have been expensive. For instance, the meters in Torquay cost 34s, each, with an additional 26s. for the case and for fixing. Those in Leicester cost £4 10s. each, fixed complete, and the meters at St. Ives cost about £2 each. All these prices, however, are higher than that for which meters can now be sup- plied. I have tenders to supply meters from some of the most eminent meter makers in cast iron cases for 27s. each, and to fix them complete for 8s. extra, making in all 35s. for each underground meter fixed complete. I am inclined, however, to recommend the trial of an open air meter, to be secured by clips to the lamp post, and suspended from the lampiron. The size of the meter I propose is only about 6 in. by 44 in. wide, and 9 in. deep. In the streets of London, and in many other towns, the lamp iron is parallel with the curb- stone; and as the meter hangs on the lamp iron, it only appears from the footpath, or to persons traveling on the carriage way, as a small object, in. wide; whilst, looking at it transversely from the centre of the street, its full width of 6 in. appears. I think no objection could be taken to these meters by the most fastidious on the score of obstruction, as so small an object could not interfere with the architectural beauty of the finest street. The accompanying drawings (figs 1 and 2) show a lamp post, with the meter attached ; fig. 1 being the view from the centre of the carriage way opposite to the lamp post, in which position the broad side of the meter is seen; but even from this point of view the meter is no larger and presents no more obstruction than the notice board frequently sus- pended on lamp posts to indicate the position of post- offices, &e.

Fig. 2 is the view of the meter as it appears to per sons travelling either on the footpath or in the carriage way.

Fa b b

a is a regulator attached to the lamps, which will be more particularly described hereafter.

b is the meter suspended from the lamp iron, e.

d is the clip by which the meter is attached to the lamp-post.

These meters can be supplied for 22s. each, with a guarantee to keep them in repair for five years; or for 24s., with a guarantee for ten years. They require no case or other enclosure, and all expense of opening the ground to place and detach is, of course, avoided.

Finally, it may be useful, as a guide to local authori- ties, and others who are desirous of using meters, and do not wish to incur the expense of purchasing them, to know the terms on which the London companies offer to supply meters by way of an annual rental. In one of the principal parishes of the metropolis, for which I was arranging the details of public lighting, the companies offered to fix and supply underground meters at a rental of 2s, 9d. each per annum—a price which seems to be based on a first cost of 27s. It is understood that the London companies consider them-

as rental for the use of meters; and it will be found’ that 2s. 9d. per annum is just over 10 per cent. on 27s. Before leaving this subject of meters applied to pub- lic lamps, I take the opportunity of quoting some recent opinions expressed by a well known gas eén- gineer, Mr, J. O. N. Rutter, of the Brighton and Hove Gas-Works, in a pamphlet which he has lately pub- lished on the sale of gas to street lamips. Speaking of the present mode of contracting for a supply of gas without adopting any means of measuring the quan- tity, Mr. Rutter says:

“The gas company has agreed to sell, and the public authorities have agreed to buy, say, five cubic feet per hour, in so many lamps, for a certain number of hours per night, varying according to the seasonal increase and diminution of light and darkness.

“ All this looks very plain, and easy, and intelligible. How is the quantity of gas to each lamp to be meas- ured? By the eyes and hands of the lamplighter, who has to make such an adjustment at the stop-cock, as by experience he knows will be sufficient for the proper supply of the burner until he goes to it again in the morning.

“Ts such adjustment practicable, so as to be in exact conformity with the terms of the contract? No. Gas companies know that it is utterly impossible, and public authorities knaw equally well, that it is utterly impossible to insure an uniform supply of gas to one-tenth part of the street lamps during the whole period between lighting and putting them out. This was known to all the parties concerned in the contract before it was entered into. It is one of the laws which we are unable to alter, that gas of a given quality (specific gravity) will pass in equal quantities during equal periods of time through an aperture of a certain size, provided the pressure (force with which it is impelled) be uniform. If the rates of pressure be variable, the quantities of gas will also be variable.

“What is done to provide against this seeming diffi- culty, or to get over the actual impossibility? To make the best of it, the gas companies resort to what is called, although most improperly, an average rate of supply.”—Rutter On the Sale of Gas, p.6: Parker & Son, London.

As to the necessity for immediate action on the part of the local authorities and ratepayers in the metropolis, Mr. Rutter has the following remark :

“If those who represent the interests of so many of the metropolitan ratepayers are in real earnest about what they have undertaken—if the saving to be effected be only one-fourth of the sum they have stated it to be —the stake is too large to be any longer trifled with. The time now passing is surely too valuable to be wasted, either in much talking or much writing. There must be no slackening of pace, no going backwards. Let there be prompt and energetic action; all parties determining calmly to deliberate upon the topic where- on they differ, and heartily to co-operate in those about which they agree.

“In that way the supply of gas to street lamps would soon be settled ; and settled on a basis which would be as intelligible as any other transaction between buyers and sellers.”—Jbid, p. 14.

As the best mode of removing all complaints about the street lamps, and giving satisfaction to all parties, Mr. Rutter unhesitatingly recommends the meter system.

“Tt may now be advisable to attend a little to the inquiry. Are there any means of preventing complaints about the supply of gas to street lamps? This ques- tion can be promptly answered in the affirmative.

“The cause of the long existing complaints must be done away with. The complaints will then immediately cease.

“ How is so great and so important a change to be effected 2? By making it compulsory that all gas sup- plied for street lamps shall be sold only by measure.

“No one who has thought about, or who knows but ever so little of, the present system, will deny that a

change of some sort is necessary. On all sides, for years it has been confessed that the contract system is bad—as bad as anything can be—and wholly indefens- ible as being mixed up with a respectable branch of trade.

“The meter system, by long trial, has proved to be a good one. To the meter, gas-lighting is indebted

enclosed in a cast iron case, and to be placed at a suf-

selves entitled to charge 10 per cent. on the first cost

for its amazing progress, and for its great success. It

joked s Re ee

nthe ml ab de aamiea

214 American

Gas-Light Journal.—January 15, 1862.

has imparted to it a degree of vitality and of elasticity which is not known and cannot be understood, ex- cepting by those who are old enough to remember the manifold evils of the contract system.

“The meter has done more in economizing the use, in cheapening the price, and extending the sale of gas, than any other discovery, invention, or improvement, connected with the science of gas-lighting, from its commencement to the present day ”—J/bid, p. 18.

Mr. Rutter thus argues in favor of the public lamps burning by meter, and points out how simple and effective would be the application of the meter system.

“ The case appears to be a very plain one, and would become so if left to the ordinary course of trade. It began wrong, and the wrong-doing has hung about it ever since. If the public authorities require gas to light the streets, they are, of course, the proper persons to purchase it; to ascertain that they receive the quan- tit,” they agree to pay for, and that it be carefully and economically used.

“How are these conditions to be complied with, whilst the gas is not measured, and ils sole management is under the control of the servants of the gas companies ? If the facts were not exactly as they are here described, it would seem an impossibility, or certainly an ab- surdity, that any plan could have been hit upon, and continued for so long a period, in every way so calcu- lated to defeat the purposes of its originators.

“As respects a separate meter for each lamp, its cost, its adoption, its accessibility, and its security; these are matters which present only imaginary diffi- culties. If the difficulties were real, and greatly multi- plied, they would be trifies in comparison with those which had to be grappled with when meters first began to be generally used by consumers of gas.

“The meters employed in supplying gas to street lamps, will have an advantage over those in use in private houses. They will work more uniformly, with fewer and shorter periods of interruption, and will, therefore, be likely to be more durable. All meters sustain greater injury by long and irregular intervals of rest than by keeping steadily at their work.”—ZJbid, p. 21.

As to the price which should be paid for gas sup- plied to the public lamps, Mr. Rutter is of opinion that this should be one-fourth less per 1,000 feet than that paid by the private consumer.

“ Returning to the price to be paid for gas to street lamps, let it again be noticed that the first, the most important, and the only real and beneficial change should be the total abandonment of the contract system. If meters be generally adopted (and the only certain way is by making it compulsory), the prices to be charged would never be an obstacle. Taking the (highest) rate of charge to private consumers, and the price to publie authorities could be easily arranged at a reduction, probably, of one-fourth, more or less, according to circumstances.

“In the metropolis something must be done, and it ought to be done quickly: delay will be sure to evoke greater hostility. The sale and supply of gas, the rights of public authorities, and the rights of the com- panies, should be settled on so broad a basis that each party may know what they may do or require to be done, and also what they must refrain from doing. First of all, let the lighting of the streets be taken out of the control of the companies who sell, and passed over lo the authorities who buy the gas.”—Ibid, p. 36.

The following extract expresses an opinion that the gas companies could not reasonably object to the use of meters, and refers to the cost of attaching a meter to every lamp.

“The public authorities say that they pay for more gas than they receive. The companies say that more gas is supplied to street lamps than is set down in the

contracts, and, consequently, more than they are paid

for. The remedy is close at hand—apply the meter test. It is simple, could soon be brought into operation, and would immediately put an end to all disputing.

“ After so many years’ experience of the utility of meters, and having realized incalculable benefits from them, the companies could not, with any show of reason, object to their universal adoption.

“Is the cost of meters for street lamps likely to be made an objection? It scarcely merits serious con- sideration. Supposing the meters to be provided by

the companies at a rent-charge, they would only be doing for large consumers what would be readily done, if circumstances required it, for a certain number of small ones. If the authorities purchased their own meters, the cost of them, with all the necessary fittings, would not equal the sum expended every year in re- pairing or renewing a few hundred yards of well- frequented road. Moreover, if the charges so often brought against gas companies be true, namely, that they fail in supplying the stipulated quantity of gas, the greater the necessity for adopting meters, and the sooner would they pay for themselves,”—Jbid, p. 37.

The importance of this subject, and its bearing on the public interests in all parts of the United King- dom, must form my apology for making these long ex- tracts from Mr. Rutter’s pamphlet. I consider the evidence of this gentleman extremely valuable, because he must be viewed essentially as a champion of the gas companies, and unquestionably he writes with a marked and peculiar bias in their favor. Far from importing any hostile feeling into this question, which may be fairly discussed between gas companies and the public, without any but a desire to attain equitable results, it is very satisfactory to find the opinions of a close thinker and able gas financier like Mr. Rutter so highly conciliatory, and indicative of a desire that the companies should deal out justice in the matter of public lighting.

In the advice which Mr. Rutter gives to local au- thorities I fully concur, and can only hope that the liberal and enlightened opinions which he expresses

may be universally adopted by the gas companies, in

whose interest he writes, and whom, by association and habit, he is bound to serve and support. (Te be continued.)

Naphthaline In Gas-Mains.

A correspondent of the London Journal of Gas-

Lighting makes some suggestions respecting the re-

moval of naphthaline from gas-mains, which may in- terest some of our readers. We print the letter entire.

Sir,—Passing over one of the bridges the other day, I witnessed a troublesome and somewhat expensive operation being performed, in cutting a large gas-main at short distances, and drawing a brush through it, for the purpose of clearing it.

I was troubled two or three years ago with naphtha- line in the leading main from a gas-works, extending to about a half a mile from the works; and, as the mode I adopted for clearing it was both simple, cheap, and effectual, a description of it may be of use to your readers similarly situated.

We had previously adopted the plan of steaming our pipes on the works; but, as we could not easily carry the steam into the district, I had a small vertical boiler made with a furnace in the centre of it, a chimney flue through the top, a small water-tank bolted on to the side, with a force-pump attached for feeding the boiler, a safety-valve, and a wrought-iron steam-pipe for con- necting the main to be operated on, and the whole was carried on wheels.

After having steamed the main for several hours, till I found at the nearest syphon, that the gas issued hot, I then emptied a gallon or two of common naphtha into the water-tank, and fed the boiler with this in- stead of with water.

The effect was almost magical, in the rapidity with which it cut down and partly dissolved the crystals of naphthaline. These, with the naphtha, after it had liquified, I pumped from the nearest syphon ; allowed the liquid to settle, when the naphtha came to the top, and was used over and over again.

The result has been that, whereas formerly we were troubled more or less annually with this deposit, it has not appeared since, which I partly attribute to the naphtha coating the mains with an oily solution; whereas, steam removes everything off the surface of the iron, and leaves it rough, and hence more liable to attract crystallization.

The transmission of gas to the customers was not in any way interfered with, and, beyond cutting an inch hole into the gas-main, feeding it first with steam, and then with the vapor of naphtha, for a few hours, no other expense was incurred,

GrorGE ANDERSON.

On Kerosolene.

By Epwarp PARRISH,

Some of the most useful scientific and practical dis. coveries have originated in accidents, the first results of which have involved disappointment or inconye. nience. To evolve from these the lessons by which they may be made to subserve useful ends, should be one of the chief aims of the experimentalist.

To the accidental anesthetic effects produced upon a workman employed to clean a cistern in a kerosene oil. work in Boston, we owe the recent discovery of a new use for an abundant product of the destructive distillation of coal, This product, though heretofore procured ing crude condition at a certain stage of the process, in the works alluded to, and perhaps in others, has not until recently been rectified and thrown into the market, because no demand existed for it for any known use of which it was capable.

With the enterprise so characteristic of New England character—a trait which so happily gave to science and humanity one of the greatest blessings of modern times —ether as an anesthetic—the Boston physicians haye taken measures to investigate the utility of this article for similar purposes, pending which it naturally claims the attention of pharmaceutists in its physical and chemical characters.

Two bottles of the liquid have been sent me—the first by a medical friend residing in Massachusetts, and the second, at my request, by the manufacturer, Joshua Merrill, superintendent of the Downer Kerosene Oil Company, from whom I learn that kerosolene, as it is named, is a product of the destructive distillation of “ Albert coal,” at temperatures varying from 600° to 890° Fahr. The very volatile portion, separated by careful fractional distillation from the more fixed pro- ducts, which are sold as kerosene, is purified so as to remove its unpleasant odor, and thoroughly rectified.

As thus produced, kerosene is a tasteless, colorless, though highly refractive, inflammable hquid, burning with a bright, smoky flame. It is very mobile and volatile, and the bead disappears immediately. A vial, when grasped by the palm of the hand, gives off small bubbles of vapor, raising the stopper. Its odor is very faint, reminding of chloroform at first, though less agreeable as it evaporates, leaving not the slightsst odor when it dries. Its specific gravity varied in the two specimens at first received, that of No. 1 being .6346, at 76° Fahr.; of No. 2, .6325, at 72° Fahr. ; but, by exposure for two weeks in a partly-filled tincture bottle, occasionally opened, the specimen marked No, 1 reached a specific gravity of .6420, at 72° Fahr.

From the last-named fact, and its known origin and mode of preparation, it would be supposed that this liquid had not a uniform composition, but must be a mixture of different carbohydrogens of varying density and volatility, The truth of this was proved by the following experiments:—Specimen No, 1 was heated in a water-bath, and its boiling points carefully noted. At 84° Fahr., it commenced to boil, the temperature rapidly rising to 90°, and afterwards slowly, without becoming stationary, to 150°, when boiling ceased, about one-sixth of the original liquid remaining, which was evaporated at about 200° without boiling. Speci- men No, 2 was subjected to similar experiments. It commenced to boil 82° Fahr., ceased at 94°, recom- menced at 100°, and ceased at 105°, when the remain- der, about two-thirds, was evaporated without boiling, at a temperature not exceeding 180°.

The extremely low specific gravity of this substance, and the temperature at which it begins to boil, forbid the idea of its containing the ordinary coal-tar pro- ducts in considerable proportion. The light naphtha first obtained in the distillation of coal-tar has a spe- cific gravity, according to Mansfield, of .900 to .950; and, when purified by agitation with sulphuric acid and potash, or by the process of Gregory, in which peroxide of manganese is used and rectified, ite density does not fall below that of benzine, the specific gravity of which, in its liquid form, is variously stated at .85 and .8991, at different temperatures.

The largest proportion of kerosolene is evidently composed of these very light carbohydrogens not pres- ent in coal-tar, and not produced at the high tempera- tures employed in the production of illuminating gas.

In the books I have consulted, I find no detailed ac-

se

—s SS a

American Gas-Light Journal—January 15, 1862.

count of these almost gaseous liquids, and I can imagine no subject presenting more difficulties to the chemist. Professor Antisell, in his thoroughly practical work on “ Photogenic and Hydrocarbon Oils,” remarks that “the specific gravity and chemical constitution of the light and heavy oils vary in relation to the tempera- ture at which they are distilled; and, perhaps, no two distillations give exactly the same relative mixture of the various hydrocarbons of which they are com- posed.” The composition of these is further varied by the nature of the crude materials, which may be highly bituminous, like the ‘“ Albert coal,” from which the specimens under consideration were obtained ; or more completely formed coals, like the more common va- rieties,

The proportion of matter volatile at redness in the Albert coal” has been stated at 61.74 per cent.; that of the “ Breckenridge coal” of Kentucky, at 60.27 per cent.; while Pittsburgh coal yields but 32.95 per cent.

Chemists have obtained from coal-tar, by fractional distillation, several substances of great utility. Of these, benzine or benzol, C,.H,, which, as before stated, is the chief constituent of the light naphtha, is also a constituent of kerosolene, as ascertained by test- ing it with nitric acid, which developed the odor of nitrobenzol, The chief constituents of the photogenic liquids, as thrown into commerce under the name of coal-oils or kerosene, are, toluol, C,,11,; which has a specific gravity of .870, and boiling paint 237° Fahr, (Gerhardt, 280°); and cumol, C, ,H,_, which is also lighter than water, and boils at 314°. It is not im probable that traces of these may be present in the

ingly, yielding a remarkably rich, thongh changing, purple color.

For the common uses to which benzol is now applied, kerosolene appears to be equally adapted. By the ab- sence of disagreeable odor it is rendered generally preferable. It is, however, unsuited to the purposes of illumination, or to generating heat, being too vola- tile, though its vapor does not appear to be explosive. Its extreme volatility'makes it important that it should be excluded from the kerosene or other photogenic oils, and renders it a residuary product, heretofore without value, of those works in which it has been pro- duced in a crude condition.

How far this product could be furnished by the manufacturers, of uniform quality, or whether it could be produced at other kerosene works, and by those numerous establishments in which the so-called rock- oils now pumped in such vast quantities in the western slopes of the Alleghanies, are rectified, is a practical question yet to be tested. Its relations are evidently to this class of bitumens rather than to coal-tar.

In view of its use in medicine, the fact of the great uncertainty of its composition, its being a mixture of different and undetermined proximate constituents, must interfere with its general adoption and recongni- tion.— American Journal of Pharmacy.

a4

Gas tx Corstca.—A prospectus of the Corsican and Mediterranean Gas Company has recently been pub- lished in the English papers. The object of this com- pany is to supply the two chief towns of the Island of

Corsica—Bastia and Ajaccio—with gas, and the pros-

new liquid, though they vary from it so much, both in pects for successful enterprise are said to be very

specific gravity and boiling point. Experiments to promising.

detect aniline, C,H, N, in the specimens under ex- amination failed to indicate it, as might be anticipated, its specific gravity being stated at 1.020, and the pro- cess of rectification with sulphuric acid being adapted to separate any alkaloids if originally present. Compared with the commercial article of benzol, now so extensively sold, kerosolene presents severa] marked points of difference. Three specimens of ben-

zol I have examined, have respectively, at 60° Fahr.,

the specific gravity of .7521, .7661, and .8708, These differ in sensible preperties from each other almost as much as they do from kerosolene. The most agreeable in odor I imported from England, at a much higher price than that paid for the American varieties, which I

: : have generally found disagreeably “balsamic,” some-

times resembling impure illuminating gas, and leading to the belief that the gas was escaping into the room, One specimen became almost intolerable from age, while the color became gradually yellow, Kerosolene, as before stated, is almost free from odor; it is so very mobile, light, and colorless, that it could not be mis- taken for benzol, and still less for kerosene, its proper- ties having relation to the latter substance, not unlike those of ether to oil of turpentine,

Under the name of Eupion, chemists formerly de-

wood, which was believed to be C,;Hg; but it has since been shown by Voelckel that the portions rising below 212° Fahr., consisted chiefly of acetate of methyl with acetone, a little benzol, xylite, and mesite.

The specific gravity of eupion was stated at .665, its boiling point at 118° Fahr., rising as high as 336° in some samples, Though stated to be the lightest of

known substances, it will be seen that this product

was rather more dense than our new carbohydrogen product. Accounts differed in regard to its miscibility with water and alcohol. It was, however, described as freely miscible with ether and oils, and as being of a faint and agreeable odor and without taste, which properties correspond with those of the liquor under consideration. That kerosolene contains no more tian a slight trace of any oxygenated body was shown by immersing sodium in it; a fresh surface of the metal was only slightly tarnished by the contact.

The solvent properties of this new substance are of course of primary importance. They appear to me to present the true key to its usefulness. It dissolves

fixed oils, apparently, in all proportions, common resin freely, though with flocculent residue, wax, and cocoa- butter freely, mastic and caoutchoue slightly. It mixes freely with alcohol, oil of turpentine, ether and chloro- form, but not with water.

Iodine dissolves in it spar-

Exclusive privilege has been obtained from the municipalities of these towns, for lighting them with gas, the duration of this concession being for fifty years.

Bastia contains a population of nearly 20,000 inhabi- tants and is rapidly on the increase. It is stated to be much superior to a great number of the departmental chief towns in France already lighted with gas, It stands for the most part on an acclivity. The houses, which in the principal streets are mostly five and six stories in height, are inhabited on the flat principle, as in Edinburgh, and Victoria, Westminster, London, in which each family occupies a story, with a staircase common to all, being well calculated for an economical distribution of gas. The town is likewise extending itself along the port, several new and wide streets having been recently laid out, on the site of which houses are now being erected. The trade is principally with Leghorn, Genoa, Elba, Naples, Marseilles, and Messina, and the neighboring Island of Sardinia.— Steambeats ply between Bastia and Marseilles, and be- tween the former town and Leghorn, distant six hours, twice a week; and, when the railway to Nice is com- pleted, there will be also steam communication with that port. The French Government have authorized

a large expenditure for the construction of a new har- . . eae . e scribed a product of the destructive distillation of

bor at Bastia. The public buildings are numerous, and from 4,000 to 5,000 troops are generally quartered in the town, the barracks for which are necessarily large.

The price stipulated to be paid for the street lamps is at the rate of $2.25 per 1,000 cubic feet consumed. Tho price of gas to be consumed in the public offices and municipal buildings is at the rate of $2.75, and that for the general public at $3.88 per 1,000 cubic feet. The street lamps are not to be further apart than thirty-eight yards. The payments for gas are to be made monthly. A deposit may be demanded before gas is supplied, and the company shall have power of entry on premises to examine and remove meters and fittings, and cut off the supply of gas. The regis- tration of the meter is made prima facie evidence in the courts of law, and other very important privileges are conceded. The municipality of Bastia have author- ized the lighting by the company of 165 street lamps, which will be erected by the corporation, and the num- ber will be increased, at the expense of the city, as the exingencies of the town may require.

Ajaccio, which is the capital of Corsica, has about 16,000 thousand inhabitants. It is the seat of pre- fecture, and contains many handsome buildings, large barracks, and government seminaries. Trade is more limited here than at Bastia, but there is a magnificent and safe harbor; and, as the town is extending itself,

especially since the late visit of the Emperor Louis Napoleon, who has authorized the construction of numerous improvements, business will naturally in- crease. There is steam communication with Marseilles and the neighboring Island of Sardinia twice a week. The terms of concession are of the same favorable character as at Bastia, while the prices are a trifle higher, and will remain so until the consumption of gas shall be equal in quantity to that of Bastia. The ground for works at Bastia has been purchased. A grant of land for the works at Ajaccio has been made to the concessionaire by the municipality of that town.

Gas 1x Enetanp.—The London Journal of Gas- Lighting says that the advance in the price of gas in that city continues to be discussed, but the arguments on both sides have been so completely exhausted, that it is almost nauseating to hear the same speeches pro- duced and reproduced—now in the Court of Common Council, now in the Court of Commissioners of Sewers, and again at public meetings. The Common Council have, indeed, discreetly left the matter to be dealt with by the Commissioners, as the body entrusted with the public lighting ; but at their meeting, on the 15th of November, an important report was presented from the Law, Parliamentary, and City Courts Committee, stating the results of the interview between them and the chairmen of the three city gas companies. At that interview, two of the gas companies decidedly refused to pledge themselves not to oppose a bill if introduced into Parliament to exempt the city from the operation of the Metropolis Gas Act, but Mr. Dakin, on behalf of the Great Central, prudently declined to give an answer to the question. At the conference, the fol- lowing conciliatory propositions were made by the gas companies: ‘That the companies would undertake not to charge more than 4s. 6d. per 1,000 feet for the ordi- nary coal-gas for five years. That they would under- take not to charge rent for the use of meters for the same period; and, that no cannel gas shall be used, except by special agreement between the parties.” Having made this report, the committee recommended that all further action on the matter should be left to the Commissioners of Sewers, and that recommenda- tion was adopted. The Commissioners, egged on by Dr. Abraham, would not let the matter rest thus, though the propositions of the gas companies met two of the prospective grievances which the agitators had con- jured up, and secured to the gas consumers of the city the privilege of being supplied with meters rent free for five years at least—an advantage.possessed by very few gas consumers in other parts of the metropolis. A motion was proposed and carried, to the effect that the necessary parliamentary notices be given for the introduction of a bill to amend the Metropolis Gas Act, or to exempt the city of London from its operation. But it by no means follows if a bill be applied for, that it will be actually introduced into Parliament, and it is still less certain that it would ever reach a second reading.

2 cain canaiaieememmacieed

Gas Exptostoy 1v Exetanp.—An explosion lagely took place in the premises of Mr. Barnett, chemist and druggist, Jamaica-row, Birmingham, England, by which several persons were severely injured. The premises consist of a large shop, a dwelling-house, a large cellar below the shop being stored with oil, naphtha, and other inflammable liquids, while the second and third floors were occupied by Mr. Barnett’s family. The cause of the explosion is not certainly known. A boy was going down into the cellar for oil, with a lighted candle in his hand, and when he reached the bottom of the stairs an explosion occurred, making a loud report and shaking the building to its foundation. Mr. Bar- nett himself was thrown into the cellar and covered with a mass of burning rubbish, It cannot be said with certainty whether the explosion was caused by an escape of gas, or an ignition of inflammable vapor from the large stock of naphtha kept in the cellar. The premises in which the explosion took place, as well as the adjoining buildings, were much damaged.

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CuarLestown, Mass.—On the 10th of December last, Edward Lawrence, Matthew Rice, and Geo. H. Jacobs were chosen water-commissioners for a term of two years.

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American Gas-Light Journal —J Anuary 4, 1862.

‘PXHE AMERICAN GAS-LIGHT JOURNAL is - published on the Ist and 15th of every month, and is the recognized official organ of LIGHT, HEAT, WATER-SUPPLY ann SEWERAGE.

Its purpose is to ascertain and make known all new discoveries in the sci and ical application of LicuT, and promote thereby the interests of companies and consumers; to encourage and aid the introduction of Pure Water from Lakes and Rivers into Towns and Cities, and to improve the system of SEwERaGe, VerTitation, Heatixe, and DrainaGe everywhere.

THERE ake 20,000 cITIES AND TOWNS IN THE UNITED SraTes, CAPABLE OF SUPPORTING GAS-WORKS, WHILE THERE ARE NOT 400 GAS-WORKS IN OPERATION IN THE WHOLE CouNTRY !!!

TERMS—CASH IN ADVANCE. Svsscription—In the U. 8. and British Provinces. $3 per annum. ADVERTISEMENTS—According to position and space occupied. For

particulars of which please address the Proprietor.

G2" Remittances by mail to be addressed to the proprietor,

John B. Murray,

Rooms of the American Gas-Licut JOURNAL, No. 39 Nassau st., cor. of Liberty st., opposite the Post-Office, New York City.

Agents Of The American Gas-Light Journal.

Foreign.

Germany B. Westerman & Co., of New York. Great Britain Trusxer & Co., 60 Paternoster Row, London, a single copies may always be found, — JOURNAL DE L’ECLAIRAGE AU Gaz, Paris, France. .. 25 Boulevard Poissonniére. DOMESTIC.

V. Hanotp Myers, No. 152 South Fourth st., Philadelphia.

The American Gas-Licut JovrNaL can be purchased of all the Sewspaper and periodical dealers in the U. States and Canadas.

The American Gas-Light Journal,

PUBLISHED ON IsT AND 15TH OF EVERY MONTH.

Proprietor, Editor, John B. Murray. C. Elton Buck.

Wednesday, January 15, 1862.

A retrospect of the past fortnight presents no new points in matters relating to the gas-light interest. The usual dividends payable at this time have been declared, and shareholders generally have reason to congratulate themselves on the satisfactory condi- tion of such securities, which maintain their char- acter as safe and sound investments, despite the unfavorable condition of monetary affairs, and the utter prostration of business of all kinds.

In another column, we copy from our English files, a report of a meeting held in Carnoustie, Scotland, on the subject of gas-supply. This meeting was held in the furtherance of the designs of a certain Mr. Firntorr, a gas-engineer, who in order to advance his business interests, under the guise of philanthropic intentions, visits various parts of the kingdom, for the purpose of expounding his par- ticular views of the theory and practice of gas making, and at the same time to drop a few words in favor of himself. This itinerant philosopher has assumed to himself the character of champion of gas consumers ; between whom and the officials of com- panies he attempts to sow the seeds of discord, in the hopes of arousing such a storm of opposition as to profit from the general turmoil created by his own designs. In pursuance of his plans, he visits different portions of the country, where he announces lectures on the subject of gas-supply. At these meetings he denounces the officers of gas companies in the most unsparing manner, imputing to them the most unworthy motives, and charging them with all manner of meannesses, almost amounting to fraud itself. If Mr. Fuwtorr were a politician, he would make a demagogue of the first water. By pandering to depraved popular tastes, and assuming to be a friend of the oppressed, and their defender from in- justice, he would doubtless gain a crowd of adherents in whose eyes he would be deemed the impersonation of chivalric devotion. This gentleman, although playing the demagogue by his pharisaical devotion to imaginary grievances, which in his diseased vision swell to monstrous size, has chosen another path than politics, to give him notoriety. He chooses rather to prey upon the necessities of the people, and in the subject of artificial light he has a field for the display of his abilities to reverse the usual man- ner of proceeding, and bring chaos out of order.

Among the arguments used by Mr. Furrorr in his denunciations of gas-engineers and others con- nected with the profession. is his wholesale con-

demnation of the gas-meter. This instrument, the utility of which none but a madman would deny, he calls a “thief,” a “cheat,” a “conjuror’s box,” and a variety of similar epithets. The very intempe- rance of Mr. Furnrorr’s language is an evidence of the weakness of his cause; but by pandering to vulgar prejudices, he gathers around him crowds of listeners, and succeeds in accomplishing his object of embittering their feelings against existing gas companies, and inflating them with ideas of opposi- tion corporations as a remedy.

Mr. Fuintorr is not the only assailant of the gas- meter It is a common thing to hear quite as sense- less tirades against this invaluable instrument, as that uttered by him. But in most instances where such remarks are heard, they are made in entire ignorance of the construction of the apparatus, or of its mode of operation. It is not to be denied that the meters of some manufacturers are unreliable. But take the average of those made and used by gas companies, and we venture the assertion that the amount of

gas registered on the index dials, is measured with quite as nice exactness as are the ordinary articles of trade. Take the case of some other illuminating agents for example. It is well known that candles are sold at so much per pound, and that they are found in the market moulded in such a manner that a certain number are counted to the pound—varying with the different candle-stock used. The amount by which the pound by count falls short of the ac- tual weight forms a notable proportion of the whole weight—the difference being against the consumer in a far larger ratio than when from some imperfection

the meter registers too fast. In other articles which are sold by weight or measure, similar irregularities might be noticed;—yet we hear very little com- plaint on that score. But let a word be uttered against the gas-meter, and the cry is taken up and echoed from all sides, and harsh judgments are un- sparingly pronounced against it.

We have always advocated the passage of meter inspection laws—not so much from any real neces- sity to prove the correctness or incorrectness of the meters per se; but that consumers who feel them- selves injured may be convinced of the fallacy of such opinions, by an appeal to the inspector. We have known of instances where gas bills have been disputed, and the integrity of the meter questioned ; but on the official opinion of the inspector being sought, the meters in every instance were proved to be correct, and the groundless objections of the con- sumer soon vanished. That this would be the effect in almost every similar instance is true, and hence the efficacy of such laws in quieting doubts, and in assuring the consumer that his rights are protected from invasion. The officers of some companies have opposed the passage of inspection laws, but we think such action on their part indicative of a wrong ap- preciation of the benefits conferred by them. In those States where they are already in operation, they have proved mutually beneficial to both com- pany and consumer, unless where too stringent pro- visions have been engrafted upon the bill.

We have received from Samvet Hucues, Esq., of London, a copy of his recent work on gas legislation, being a copious commentary on the Metropolis Gas Act, passed in 1860, with an alphabetical index, and a classified summary of the clauses of the bill. Under a modest title Mr. Hucues conveys a great deal of information, and bis analysis of the act, and the spirited comments upon it, exhibit the hand of a master, well qualified to write on the subject. We have thus far been able to give only a hasty glance at the contents of the book, but have seen enough to speak of it in'terms of high commendation. The index and commentary afford to the officers of gas companies a large amount of information, and as a work of reference it is invaluable. We hope to give a more extended notice of the volume at an early day. At present we can only mention our first im- pressions, which are very favorable.

Mara’s Parent Newsparer Wraprers.—With this number we send a specimen of Mara’s patent self- sealing and folding water-lined newspaper wrappers, which have just been issued and are sold at $1 50 per thousand. Mr. Mara commenced making these wrappers in a small way by hand until the demand has become enormous, and the factory is kept at work night and day to supply it. These wrappers will be found a convenience in every house, store and office in the country. Orders can be sent to these Rooms for one thousand or more, accompanied by the money. See advertisement.

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Messrs, EManuet Turner & Co,’s Coat.—On page 183 of our Dec. 15th number the printer made a mess of the analyses of the cannel and coal of this firm. The first line should read thus :

Cannel. Coal. Gas per ton, at 60 degrees temperature, c. f. 11,500 ce. f. 11,000

The complete analyses, on page 183, are worth ex- amination.

Woopen Trays ror Gas-Puririers.—Mr. John L. Cheeseman requests the attention of gas-light com- panies to his new advertisement in to-day’s issue, by which it appears that Mr. Combe has actually obtained a patent for all he has claimed.

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Answers To Correspondents.

A. G. L, of Pa.—The assertion has been often made, but as frequently con:radicted Write to head-quarters, and you may receive information which will settle the question.

C. E., of N. ¥.— Your proposed plan is an old one, which has been tried and found wanting A number of con- trivances have been used to burn tar under the retorts, but they have never proved successful. We would ad- vise you to drop the subject, as it will be merely a waste of time and talent to prosecute your experiments further. Your scheme has been a pet one with many inventors, but they have all been convinced of its worth- lessness,

A. P.L., of Ky.—Try it agoin, and lét us know the re- sult. We are inclined to think your manipulation defective, otherwise your results would have been dif- ferent.

Carpon.—If you want to study the chemistry of gas- lighting more particularly, Ronalds and Richardson's edition of Knapp’s Technology is the work for you, Clegg, Peckston and Hughes refer more minutely to engineering. Lewis Thompson's Chemistry of Gas- Lighting is a very good exposition of the chemical principles involved.

J.J.S., of Vt.— Yes ; if applied for at once.

E. B. D., of Pa.—The scientific world is indebted to Pro- fessor Graham for the discovery of the phenomena of gaseous diffusion.

W. H., of Ohio.—According to Bunsen, gascous bodies are absorbed by liquids, on which they exert no chemical action, in quantities dependent upon—

1st. The essential nature of the gas and of the absorb- ing liquid. 2d. The temperature. 8d. The pressure to which the gas is subjected. Bunsen's work on gasometry will give you much infor- mution on this subject, as the laws of absorption are there expounded in a thorough manner.

J. H., Jr., of Md.—An excessive quantity of ammonia is to be avoided A small quantity—but it must be very minute—may not only be regaurdd as no impurity. but as really beneficial ; as it unites with the minute quan- tity of sulphuric acid sometimes generated during the combustion of gas, and the two neutralizing the noxious effects of each other, cause no grounds for apprehen- sion. By a too energetic action of the serubber, the illuminating power of gas may be seriously impaired.

L. E. D., of Ind.—IJn Plutarch’s life of Alexander mention is made of the combuslien of natural gas, and of alake of naphtha, in the district of Kebatana. The action here noted much resembles that which often oc- curs at the oil wells of Pennsylvania; and although susceptible of philosophic explanation, it was regarded in that early age with feelings of superstitious awe,

A. F. P., of N. J—Mr. Grafton’s first clay retort was shaped like an ordinary oven. It was 5 feet wide, 18 inches high. and 7 feet long. It was made in short lengths of 16 inches, luted together with fire-clay. It is said that retorts constructed somewhat in this man- ner are now used to some extent in various purts of Great Britain.

R. B., of Pa.—Seme idea of the discrepancies between the results of different observers which are apt to occur when photometrical tests are made, may be formed from the results which Messrs. Cooper and Brande, on the one hand, and Dr. Frankland. on the other, ob-

tainea from testing the illuminating power of hydro-

American

Gas-Light Journal.—January 15, 1862.

carbon gas, The former gentleman reported that the gas, from a burner consuming 5 cubic feet per hour, gave a light equal to sperm candles, consuming 132 grains per hour, while the latter reported the illumi- nating power to be equal to 17.1 candles, consuming 132 grains. It requires most careful manipulation and great exactness, to arrive at correct results.

A. E. V., of Mass.— We have heard so, but doubt it very much, Our informant was, to all appearance, sincere ; but we incline to the belief that he totally misconceined the matter.

A. B. T., of Vt.— Walton’s apparatus is the remedy. You should have applied it long ago, and then you would not have suffered such inconvenience and loss,

or

Reports Of Gas Inspectors.

To the Honorable, Tur Mayor anp Crry Councrn:

The undersigned begs leave to submit the following report of the proceedings of the Inspector of Illuminat- ing Gas since the city ordinance creating the office has been in operation, As the apparatus required for the work could not be obtained at home, it became necessary to visit New York and Philadelphia, from which two places the articles wanted were ultimately obtained. The unavoidable delays connected with such transac- tions detained my first report until Aug. 28th, since which time the reports have been regularly made, The inconvenience of this delay was fully compensated by at last securing the necessary arrangements of such a character that, when properly used, the results must be indisputable—it being clearly indispensable that the accuracy of the instruments employed should be unquestionable, That good or bad gas can be made from the same material, is undeniable. That the public, while paying a good price, are entitled to a good ar- ticle, will hardly be questioned. And as universal experience has proved that, without some protection, the consumer is constantly in danger of being acci- dently supplied with an inferior gas, it becomes a le- gitimate inquiry—how can this protection be afforded ? I say accidently supplied; because no one supposes, for a moment, that any gas company would deliberately manufacture and distribute a confessedly inferior ar- ticle. It was to guard against such accidents, as I conceive, that the public demanded, and the city authorities passed, the ordinance providing for the frequent examination and publication of the actual con- dition of the gas supplied to our citizens, The details of this examination have been reported each week, since August last, and a brief summary will suffice at this time.

The illuminating power of the gas has been subject to great, and at times, sudden variations, This has been, to a certain extent, unavoidable, as the interrupt- ed traffic on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad has cut off the gas company from their usual supply, and com- pelled them to use coals obtained from other quarters. During the first five weeks of the inspection, ending Sept. 26th, the average illuminating power was 13.55 candles. Within this period, and on Sept. 16th, the min- imum power was reached—11.90 candles; but this con- tinued only for a brief time. From Sept. 26th to Oct. 3d, the change was from 12.5 to 16 candles; and, from the last date, for the ensuing 8 weeks, the average con- tinued high, being 15.55 candles. On Noy. 13th, the maximum was reached, being 19.38 candles ; but three days afterwards, on Nov. 16th, the illuminating power had fallen to 12.9 candles. During the last six weeks of the year ending December 26th, the average has been 14.28 candles, subject, as before, to great and sudden changes, During the 18 weeks ending Dec. 26th, my experiments with the gas have averaged ten trials each week, making 180 in all; and the average of all gives, for this period, an illuminating power equal to 14.46 candles—nearly 24 candles above the ordinance standard. The brief requirements of the ordinance, in regard to the chemical purity of the gas, have been, in some respects, more than fulfilled. The amount of sulphur present has never exceeded 5 grs. to the 100 cubic feet of gas, while sulphuretted hydro- gen has never been detected at all, and carbonic acid gas never in sufficient quantity to require notice. But

one-impurity, not prohibited by the ordinance, am- monia, has been constantly present in very objection- able quantity. In other countries, where the purity of gas is regulated by law, the presence of ammonia, be-

yond a very limited amount, is expressly forbidden. And it is admitted that there is no practical difficulty in supplying gas of a proper standard of quality with- out ammonia, There are some incidental questions of public interest connected with my official duties, though not properly forming any part of them, which have been thought worthy of attention. The most economi- cal mode of burning gas can only be determined by experimental inquiry; and although certain results have already been obtained, and certain general con- clusions reached in this matter, I have deemed it worthy the labor of an extended series of experiments. These are intended to show, as exactly as possible, the difference in the quantity of gas consumed in different burners when supplying the same amount of light, and the difference in the quantity of light afforded when the quantity of gas consumed by the different burners is the same; also, the effect of pressure to determine, if possible, how far variation in pressure will affect the consumption of gas from a given orifice, and how far such variation will affect the light supplied by a given bulk of gas, These inquiries have not yet progressed sufficiently to enable me to furnish conclusive results; but they will be continued, at leisure moments, for a few months longer, when I hope to be able to report satisfactorily. That excessive pressure is injurious to the consumer, and that a much greater quantity of light can be obtained from a given quantity of gas by burn- ing it under a low pressure, with a proper burner, cannot be denied. In our city, with its irregular sur- face, so long as the higher and lower parts are supplied under the same initial pressure at the gas-works, so long must the upper portions suffer from excessive pressure, in order to furnish what is absolutely ne- cessary to the lower portions. This difficulty, here apparently without remedy, when occurring elsewhere, is remedied in a very simple way.

The extremes of pressure in the street-mains, as noted at the inspector’s room, have been 1 inch by day, and 4 inches at night. It is proper to add, that this pressure has been of late manifestly, though slightly, lessened, and has been more decidedly bet- tered by being kept more uniform. In this condition of things, the best the gas consumer can do is to adopt some one of the many contrivances for counteracting unnecessary pressure. Among these we have various forms of regulators—Cooper’s, or Kidder’s, or others equally good, may be attached to the consumer’s meter, and will, for a time, accomplish a great saving. The regulator, however, will not work satisfactorily where the lights, as in houses several stories high, are wanted at different elevations. In some manufacturing establishments it has been found an object to use a separate regulator for each successive story; or the stop-cock, admitting the gas from the street-main to the meter, may be kept partly closed, permitting the passage of only the required supply ; or another stop- cock may be affixed to control the flow of gas as it leaves the meter. But all these arrangements will be found subject to the inconvenience already noted. Where the lights are all on the same level, or nearly so, any of the preceding modes will answer very well; otherwise, they will fail to give satisfaction. Another and very effectual mode to counteract excessive pres- sure is, by one or other of those forms of burners con- taining some arrangement for checking the too rapid flow of the gas as it passes through. This is done, sometimes, by providing tortuous passages in the burner to convey the gas to the top; sometimes by interpos- ing one or more perforated metallic diaphragms; and sometimes by a small quantity of some fibrous ma- terial, through which the gas must pass. Any ordinary burner can be made to serve the same purpose for a long time, by merely unscrewing it from the pipe and introducing into the burner a small pledget of cotton wool. A brief trial will indicate the proper quantity to give the proper flame, without blowing, when the gas is turned on full. After some time, when the flow of gas becomes too much retarded by the deposit that accumulates on the fibres of the material, this can easily be renewed. The gas consumer who will take the trouble, in some such way, to regulate the escape of gas from his burners, and who will, in addition, spend the trifling time required to learn how to regulate his own meter by adding water, if ever wanted, or by letting out any surplus, will find himself liberally com-

pensated for his time and his trouble in his diminished gas-bills. The gas inspector, and I am sure the meter inspector also, will, at all times, cheerfully furnish the above information in regard to the meter.

Respectfully, &c., °

Witt E, A. Arxiy, Inspector of Illuminating Gas. Baltimore, Md., Dec. 31, 1861.

Baltimore, Md.

For the week ending December 26, 1861.

#.8|/83 12 js ae: 2 le 3 GS lesa @sy] e*e las 85 £a2|"5~ lagen Egs 233 ese Sa /68 526/13 Sa 2] ese Ss\é Pa) 228 285 28 252) Ez eS slac cl eee 2 eles ESS Se aa! 25 Sslareqi#bsciss& eelae (4 lan Ua E°S|ESs|a3 a2 “es Alas in a*s/ 5 $ less than} in ex- 33 a

Witiam E, A, Argin, Inspector of Illuminating Gas,

REMARKS. The average illuminating value of the gas during the past week coincided exactly with the minimum il- luminating power of the week previous.

For the week ending January 2,

ear Parry eo 2s3 2545/22 Bes| 35 ¢2| Z ae Bes e@ 2.5/ $3 22% |a2s 14 Be TOs $ he 15 jless than) in ex- 21 se ane 10 TO 16.12| 13.90; 4.75 !

aes. cess, none ' '

WiiuaM E. A. ArKry, Inspector of Illuminating Gas,

Remarks,

The gas has recovered from the depression of last week, with an improvement in a diminished pressure. The mean pressure at night for the last week has been 2.75 inches, and for the day 2.20 inches.

Dr. Atpis’ Report on tHE Gas Surriiep To Sr. Georce’s, Hanover Square, Lonpon. For the quarter ending September 28th, 1861.

One hundred and thirteen observations were made during the quarter upon the six gases supplied by the Chartered, London, and Equitable Companies, at the works in Horseferry Road, 73 Bessborough street, and 78 Cambridge street, respectively.

The gases were burned in accordance with the Me- tropolis Gas Act, 1860, and the illuminating power continued above the standard light, excepting on July 31st, when the common gas supplied by the Chartered Company gave a light equal to 11.95 sperm candles, while the act requires the intensity of light to be not less than 12 sperm candles. Upon this circumstance being reported to the board, they stopped a large con- tract for coals then used for making the common gas, and entered into a new one.

With regard to the quality of the gases, they were free from sulphuretted hydrogen, and so far free from ammonia that they did not discolor the turmeric paper exposed under a pressure of five-tenths of an inch of water, exclusive of the common gas from the London Company, which presented traces of it during the first part of the quarter, but only very slight traces in the month of September. The amount of sulphur in the cannel gas from the same company was considerably diminished—the result of two determinations com- menced on Sept. 28 producing only 3.862 and 3.352 grains in each 100 cubic feet of gas.

The following table gives the average light in sperm candles of all the gases:

Chartered. London. Equitable,

Cannel 25.09 ...00- 24.58 0.0. 24.78

Common 13.587 ++ 15.22 15.42

A table and summary were sent with each monthly report on the gas to the vestry, containing the number of examinations with the dates, and the maximum and minimum light, with the weekly and monthly average illuminating power.—Journal of Gas-Lighting.

Ge

Monument To Sir Humpurey Davy.—A monument to Sir Humphrey Davy is to be erected at Penzance. It consists of a granite column and pedestal, surmounted by a statue of the great chemist holding a safety-lamp in his hand.

pattcs eaeep ute $a peo a

’

218 American

Gas-Light Journal—January 15, 1862.

Gas Agitation In Scotland.

Public Meeting In Carnoustie,

The agitation in favor of cheap gas, directed by Mr. Flintoff, who has assumed the leadership, is still in pro- gress in Great Britain. The Dundee Advertiser gives the following report of a meeting recently held at Car- noustie, which we print for the benefit of those of our readers who may desire to know something of the means resorted to on such occasions :

The movement for cheap gas that has been exciting such interest in Dundee and many other places through- out the country, soon extended to Carnoustie, where the greater part of the population is of the industrial class. It muy be mentioned that the population of Carnoustie and neighborhood, within reach of the supply of gas, is nearly, if not altogether, 2,500; and that, according to a balance-sheet issued by the Directors of the Gas Com- pany to the shareholders, on the 4th September last, the total amount of gas consumed during the year from August, 1860, to August, 1861, had been 1,086,150 cubic feet. This, at 10s. 10d. per 1,000 feet, had realized £588 6s. 74d., and from meter rents (2s. each yearly) £47 6s. 8d., and £8 8s. had also been received for tar, lime, &c., sold—making a total income for the year of £644 ls. 34d. This sum was appropriated as follows: Ex- penses of manufacturing gas, £406 Os. 11d., which left @ profit of £238 0s. 44. The Directors recommended that a dividend of 74 per cent. be paid on the paid-up capital, which would require £168 15s. Discounts amounted to £20 15s., and the balance of £48 10s, 4d. was added to stock. The Directors also recommended that the price of gas be reduced from 10s. 10d. to 9s. 2d. per 1,000 cubic feet for the ensuing year.

In connection with the above statement by the Gas Directors, it may be further stated that our information goes to show that there are 114 shareholders in the Company, the stock of which is divided into 3,000 shares, with 15s. paid up on each of them. From the statement of the cost of manufacturing the gas as given above, it will be seen that each 1,000 feet costs about 7s. 52d., while Mr. Flintoff, in his calculations, asserts that, supposing only 1,000,000 cubic feet were consumed, gas could be sold at 5s. 7d. per 1,000 feet, while if 3,000,000 cubic feet were used, the price would only be 4s.—the cost of manufacture alone in the latter case only amounting to 2s. 83d.

A subscription having been got up for the purpose of paying the expenses attendant on a visit from Mr. Flintoff, that gentleman was invited to the place, and addressed a meeting, held in Mr. Gray’s school-room, on the evening of Friday the 15th curt. That meeting was largely attended, and, after hearing Mr. Flintoff, the following resolutions were unanimously agreed to:

Moved by Mr. Thomas Dewar, and seconded by Mr. Wm. Morrison: “That this meeting is satisfied that the people of Carnoustie have been supplied with gas at an exorbitant rate, and, after having heard the able and explicit address of Mr. Flintoff, the meeting is of opinion that good gas can be supplied in Carnoustie, by the Company known as the Carnoustie Gas-Light Company, at the rate of 6s. 8d. per 1,000 cubic feet.”

Moved by Mr. James Milne, and seconded by John F. Alexander: “‘ That this meeting appoint a Committee to correspond with the Directors of the Carnoustie Gas- Light Company, with the view of arranging for the sup- ply of good gas at a considerably reduced rate, and, failing their conceding to such an arrangement, that the Committee call a public meeting in order to take such steps as in the circumstances may be deemed ex- pedient to the formation of a Gas Consumers’ Com- pany, and that the following gentlemen be appointed the Committee for these purposes, with power to add to their number: Wm. Gibson, mason; Robt. Millar,

ocer ; David Anderson, tailor ; John Lowson, grocer ;

obt. Stephen, baker; Wm. Morrison, wright; Wm. Hogg, fiesher; Jas Mill, druggist; Jas. Rea, manager ; John F. Alexander, artist; Thomas Dewar, draper ; John Winter, bootmaker; Wm. Anderson, manager ; James Hutcheson, overseer; and Alex. Scott, Esq., resident.”

The Committee appointed by the consumers met soon after this public meeting, and Mr. William Anderson, Chairman of the Committee, wrote on the 18th Novem- ber, to Mr. David Kyd, secretary and treasurer to the Gas Company, enclosing the resolutions given above, and asking him to call an early meeting of the Direc- tors “to take into their consideration the purpose of the enclosed resolutions,” and also asking a reply on or before Thursday the 21st current, at 2 Pr. m., in order that such reply might be laid before the public meet-

ing to be held on the evening of Friday the 22d. Be- Hunter, Esq., of Blackness, took the chair, and he was fore replying to this letter of Mr. Anderson, Mr. Kyd accompanied to the platform by James Smieton, Esq.,

wrote on the 19th November to Mr. Thomas Dewar, who moved the first resolution at the public meeting, in the following terms:

“T received a letter to-day from Mr. W. Anderson, chairman of a committee formed at a meeting held in Mr. Gray’s school-room on the 15th inst., wherein he re-

quests me to call a meeting of the Directors of the Carn-

oustie Gas-Light Company, in order that they may consider and answer resolutions passed at that meeting.

“As I observed that you was the mover of one of these resolutions, and declared that you are satisfied that the gas sold by the Carnoustie Gas-Light Com- pany is far too dear, and also that good gas can be supplied by them at 6s. 8d. per 1,000 cubic feet, would you be so good as altend a meeting of the Directors of the Gas-Light Company, which I have called, to meet at the Parochial Board Office this night, at eight o'clock, prompt, to consider the resolutions referred to, where I am sure the Directors will be glad to receive any information that will enable them to sell at your price, consistent with a fair remuneration for outlay.”

A similar letter was also sent to Mr. James Milne. Being thus addressed, Messrs. Dewar and Milne sent the annexed joint reply:

“ We received a note from you this evening request- ing our attendance at a meeting of the Gas Direc- tors to be held to-night in the Parochial Board office. It is not usual to select a single individual out of a public meeting, although a proposer of a resolution,

able Board without consulting the Committee. The resolutions passed at the public meeting are with you to lay before the Directors.

“Had your Directors been so very anxious to learn how to produce gas at a more reasonable rate than at present charged, an opportunity was afforded them on

Friday evening last, where they might have got all necessary information ; but, if it was out of their power

to attend the meeting, we observed your manager, Mr. Gemlo, there—a more qualified person on the subject of making gas than we profess.”

On receiving this reply, Mr. Kyd wrote to Mr. An- derson, in answer to that gentleman’s letter of the 18th November. Mr. Kyd, after acknowledging receipt of Mr. Anderson’s letter and the enclosed resolutions, says:

“ According to your request, I immediately called a meeting of the Directors of the Gas-Light Company, and also, for their better instruction, I intimated to the movers of the resolutions that they would have an opportunity of explaining how the price of gas could be lowered, which they have declined to do.

“The Directors, in considering the request and reso- lution sent them, directed me to intimate to Mr. W. Anderson, Chairman of the Gas Consumers’ Committee, that they intended to go on as they had hitherto done— that is, that they would reduce the price of gas from time to time as far as they consider to be justice to the shareholders; and in looking to the interests of said parties they have no idea of losing sight of the con- sumers’ benefit.”

On receiving this letter, the Committee met and agreed to a report to the following effect: The Com- mittee, having failed to induce the Directors of the Company to afford gas at a reasonable rate, revert to their original intention of proposing the formation of anew Limited Liability Consumers’ Company, with a capital of £2,000, in £1 shares. On each of these a first deposit of 6d. would be paid; and a portion of this might be employed ‘n obtaining a reduction in price from the present Company. After the lapse of a suf- ficient time, the contributers-would be convened, and it would then be for them to determine whether the price of gas had been sufficiently lowered, or whether a Gas Consumers’ Company should be constituted. In the former case, the Committee would repay each sub- scriber his subscription, less the proportion of ex- penses; in the latter case, the deposit would be given credit for as the first payment of the £1 shares. It was thus an option to take shares that the contributors at present secured. In the event of a new Company being formed, it was proposed that a condition be in- serted in the prospectus that the dividend should never exceed 5 per cent.

In accordance with notice given at the meeting on Friday the 15th, an adjourned meeting was held in Mr. Gray’s school-room last night, in order to hear the report of the Committee and decide regarding what steps should be taken, This meeting being held at the early hour of a quarter to seven o’clock, was not quite so largely attended as the previous mecting had been, but before the proceedings terminated the school-room was well filled. As on the previous occasion, David

Panmure Works, Carnoustie, and Mr. Flintoff.

The Cuairman said it gave him much pleasure to be present on that occasion, and to take a share in the work they had in hand—the getting of cheap gas for Carnoustie. (Applause.) Carnoustie, as they all knew, was not a place of very long standing; it had sprung up quickly, and its population was largely composed of the industrial class, and he was happy to have on the platform beside him a gentleman that had done much in the way of employing the industrial class in Carnoustie. The getting of cheap gas was a matter of considerable importance, and it would not be accom- plished ina day. No reforms were easy of accomplish- ment, or speedily brought about. In the present case a certain party had got possession of the field; and he thought they had acted foolishly in not acceding to the moderate request made to them, (Applause.) They had not seen fit to do so, but he thought the time would soon come when they would have occasion to regret their folly. (Applause.) During the time that had elapsed since last meeting, the Committee had been in- dustrious, and the correspondence that had taken place would be read to this meeting. Though the answer given by the Gas Directors was unsatisfactory, the

for the purposes specified in your note: and we have meeting must recollect that these Directors were just

not the power to appear personally before your Honor-

adopting the usual tactics—seeking delay—waiting till Mr. Flintoff should be away, probably thinking that then the movement would die out. But he (the Chair- man) had no doubt the cause of the consumers would be successful before long. (Applause.) No citadel was stormed at the first approach, and they could not ex- pect the citadels of monopoly to be beaten down at the first assult. But Mr. Flintoff had carried on the campaign against similar citadels of monopuly else- where, and 150 of them had succumbed before him— (applause)—and the same result would doubtless be achieved in Carnoustie. (Continued applause.)

The Secretary then read the correspondence that had taken place, which is given above.

Mr. Firntorr next rose, amidst much applause, to ad- dress the meeting. He said there was nothing more reasonable than that a body of men who felt themselves aggrieved in any matter should meet and discuss the cause of such grievance, and endeavor to get redress. And when that was done in a gentlemanly manner, with everything open and above board, it was certainly the duty of those who were applied to for redress of the grievance, at least to give a courteous reply. (Hear, hear.) The first of these steps had been taken in Carnoustie, in the matter presently under considera- tion; but what had been the case with regard to the second? Why, instead of a fair and candid reply, the men who had moved reselutions on the question had been singled out and insulted. And for what? Did they seek.in Carnoustie what had not béen got else- where? No. He (Mr. Flintoff) contended that when a necessity of life, such as bread, or water, or gas, was sold at a dearer rate in one place than in another, the circumstances being about equal, those who were pay- ing the highest price had a just cause of complaint. (Applause.) And that was their position in Carnoustie. They saw gas supplied in such small places as Mussel- burgh, Portobello, and Rothesay, at little more than half the price charged in Carnoustie: that certainly was prima facie evidence that gas was too dear in Car- noustie. (Applause.) Well, what did they do? They did not proceed at once to start a new Company and erect works in order to compete with the existing Com- pany. No; but they asked that Company to confer and see whether the price of gas could not be reduced ; but, instead of doing that, the Directors, or their manager, called on the gentlemen who had moved the resolutions at the previous meeting, to come and give them instruction how to make the gas cheaper. Modest request! (Laughter and applause.) Why, these men were not gas engineers, and could not be expected to know much about the matter; but it was open to the Directors to have come to the meeting to get informa- tion for themselves, and upset his (Mr. Flintoff’s) state- ments if they could. (Applause) Mr. Flintoff then denounced, in no measured terms, the conduct of the Directors of the Gas Company in keeping up the price of gas. He submitted the following statement as to the price at which gas could be supplied :—

American Gas-Light Journal.—January 15, 1862.

Cost of Works to Supply Three Millions of Cubic Feet of Gus in Carnoustie in 865 days.

Cost of Registration and legal expenses +-++-+++ £15 0 0 Gasometer and tank to contain 20,000 cubic feetofgas. 520 0 0 Retorts, hydraulic main, and connections - 6710 0 Condenser, purifiers, scrubber, valves, governor, weighing machine, and tools eesseseeseeere 122 0 0 Retort-house, coal-shed, and stalk seeeeeees FB 0 0 Boundary wall DU MGagtees sesiKcceenss.. Ge Oe PIPES, (Including the cost of laying and making good the streets.) 500 yds. of 6-inch at 7s, 6d £187 10 0 500 yds. of 4-inch at 4s 66- 100 0 0 1600 yds, of 83-inch at 3s, 4d. 26613 4 1000 yds, of 2-inch at 2s. 6d 1235 0 0 UE a ey POT eT dhveeae snes 679 3 4 Extra for irregular pipes, and services +e0+ 8 0 0 Engineer’s time and expenses during erection of works, plans, specifications, &c 0+- cease” te a © Bundries coceccccccccccccccccess ccccccveccce cecces 2 0 0 Balance for contingencies, extensions of works, or Capital to trade With ccccsseccccrccccccccece 51 6 8 Total cost ssccscccce coccoccces £1800 0 0

Cost of Manufacturing Three Millions of Cubic Feet of Gas in 865 days, in Carnoustie. 800 tons of coal, at 21s, a ton soccooe eure 0 0

800 bushels of lime, at 6d. a bushel 206... 710 0 Wear and tear of apparatus, and cost of labor, at 6d. on each 1,000 feet of gas made 08 7 0 0 Cost of collecting gas rents, and taking indexes of WOGROIG snd ccasdewncs 0 cosveedcesconseses 1210 0 Rent, taxes, and feu-duty eececcscccococece T1206 BlAUONELY ANA SANATIES ces ccccicccs ssccccccvercese 410 0 £422 0 0 Notr.—A ton of cannel yields 10,000 cubic feet of gas, 14 gallons of tar, and 14 gallons of ammonia water, and 11 cwt. of coke—deduct value of these products at 1g, per toMscec.cccccocecccccccescse 15 0 0

Cost of 3 millions of feet of gas see.ceesees £407 0 0

RESULTS. Cost of manufacturing 1,000 cubic feet of gas, as SHOWER GROVE 2 cc cccdseccs coe cee oe ° 0 2 S$ Interest on capital at per cent ceecees ° 0 0 % Allow for losses, leakage, and waste... sesceeee 00 8 MN SIGS oo csc ce vacas ccneouvicceteawaenageceis 040

It will be at once seen that the price is regulated, to some ex-

tent, by the quantity of gas manufactured and sold. When the

consumption is only— S$, Dd. Two millions, the price will be 4 NG sites caiad Ses sacanebiionsscceaeds 5 7

The pipes are capable of passing six millions of cubic feet of gas in 365 days.

The cost of meters is not given, because any money expended would produce, by their rental, 76 per cent. on the outlay, viz., 5 per cent. as interest, and 234 per cent. for renewal and repairs.

There would be no difficulty in procuring a contractor at present to supply gas, if new works were erected, at the prices named in the estimates, and we would undertake to see gas supplied at the prices named.

G. & W. Fuintorr, Gas Engineers.

Carnoustie, 22d Nov., 1861.

Mr. Flintoff then explained that gas might be got at the price mentioned in the foregoing statement, by the formation of a Company on the limited liability prin- ciple, and by canvassing the consumers to take the gas at the cheap rate. He concluded by a reference to what had been accomplished in reducing the price of gas in other places, and said the same results could be obtained in Carnoustie if they remained firm to their purpose. (Great applause.)

The Cuarrman made a few remarks as to what had

resulted from the movement for reducing the price of gas in other places in the county. He said the con- sumers had not agitated the question long in Broughty Ferry when “down popped the weasel.” (Laughter.) He thought the Gas Directors were stupid in not yield- ing to the just request of the consumers in Carnoustie. Those present should come forward and join the pro- posed new Company, and then they would be able, in a much more effectual way, to speak to the Directors of the present Company. (Loud applause.)

The report of the Gas Consumers’ Committee, which is given in the introduction to the meeting, was then read.

Mr. Sureroy moved the following resolution :—

“That the Gas Consumers’ Committee be empowered to take such steps as may be deemed necessary to carry out the recommendations contained in the report now read, and to register a Company, to be called the Car- noustie Gas Consumers’ Company, (Limited,) in £1 shares, with a capital of £2,000.”

He said it was with great reluctance that he had come to that platform, He was a shareholder in the present Company, and had always been on good terms with all the members of the Company so far as he knew them.

(Applause.) He was sorry at having been as it were compelled to come there that night. It had been ru- mored, as many of them doubtless had heard, that James Smieton & Sons were the parties who were set- ting forward this movement. To that he gave the most, emphatic denial. He had never been at a meeting of Committee, nor at any meeting of the men who formed that Committee Whether they belonged to his work, or were otherwise connected with Carnonstie, he spoke honestly and truly when he said he had had no meet- ing with them, and had done nothing to set the move- ment agoing. What messages he had been asked to bear between them and other parties he had delivered to the best of his ability, but beyond that he had done nothing. He considered that if he had sought to go beyond that he would have been a perfect fool, for no man was better situated in Carnoustie than himself with regard to getting cheap gas, and whatever reduc- tion might be made to others, he could not expect to get cheaper gas than he had at present. He had only come there because he respected those resident in Car- noustie, and wished to render them what service he could. (Applause.) He had been connected with Car- noustie for a considerable time in the way of giving employment to a number of the inhabitants, and he must say that better weavers and more respectable people he never knew. (Applause.) He had never had a quarrel with any of them. If they brought in a badly wrought web, he might give them a “ flytin’,” and perhaps impose a fine—(laughter)—and it was just something of the same sort he wanted to do to the Gas Company. (Applause.) He would say again he could not get gas cheaper himself; but if they subscribed to start a new Company, the money was ready whenever they wanted it for the purpose of erecting new works. (Loud applause.) The Gas Directors he considered had ridiculed the idea of working men doing anything, or being able to do anything, to oppose their monopoly. But they should have a higher idea of working men. He (Mr. Smieton) crossed the Tay in 1823 with but a small trifle in his pocket, and, although he had suc- ceeded as they had seen, he must tell them that he had often to consult the working men in his establish- ment as to the fabrics: he was manufacturing; and many of these working men had better heads than himself, and were in many ways more likely to pros- per than he was at one time. So that working men should never be despised merely because they were working men. (Applause.) Mr. Smieton again re- ferred to the readiness with which money could be got for erecting the works of a new Company, if it should be resolved to proceed with such a Company, and pro- ceeded to give some advice as to the management of the Company if it was formed. He recommended the appointment of a Committee of Management to attend to the whole business of the Company, and also that each consumer of gas should keep a record of the num- ber of hours he kept the gas burning, and by compar- ing these records it would be seen whether the index on the meters agreed in indicating the same quantity of gas consumed by similar burners during a given period. Then, if the results obtained in that way showed any remarkable discrepancies, the meters could be corrected. He thought it desirable that those who were to consume the gas should form the Company, as by doing so they would be able to correct whatever abuses might be found to exist. There was no need for paying up the shares all at once; they could pay

them up in instalments. He knew himself that im- provements were rapidly made on machinery such as he used, and he believed it was the same with regard

to gas meters. He did not believe that the Gas Com- pany gave meters in order to cheat; but they might get bad meters, and it would be well for the consumers to have the power of easily rectifying and changing such bad meters as they might find themselves supplied

with. Mr. Smieton then referred to some of the results

that had taken place when trade was quite free from

restriction. When he began business in Dundee there

were only ten articles manufactured in the trade with

which he was connected, and for each of these a bounty

was paid by Government. Well, it was proposed to

take those bounties away, and a great outcry was got

up, and it was said they would all be ruined, and the

working classes would all be thrown out of employ-

ment. But what happened? Why, in six months

there were five hundred articles made instead of ten, and more workers were employed than had ever been needed under the system of bounties. In the same way would gas-making be improved by the introduc- tion into its processes of the most recent improve- ments, all of which they could adopt did they erect new works. Let them combine, therefore, and form a Company, and they would get money from several good friends he knew, so as to enable them to have new works put up in fourteen days, if that were pos- sible. (Applause.) But they should take care if they erected new works that these works were well looked after, so that they did not throw away their money foolishly. (Applause.)

Mr. Jas. Hurcnryson seconded the motion, which was put to the meeting by the Chairman and carried unanimously.

The Cuamman proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. Flintoff, the People’s Engineer, for the able address he had delivered that night, and for the exertions he had put forth in order to get cheap gas for the public. (Great applause.) The Chairman then spoke briefly of the benetit that might be expected to result from the success of the movement in Carnoustie. Instead of having one or two paltry lamps twinkling at the dis- tance of half a mile from each other, with a miserable light in this window and none in that, they would soon see the place brilliantly lighted up, and working men made happy, by being enabled to have more light in their homes. (Applause.) He thought the Gas Di- rectors were standing in their own light in not reduc- ing the price of gas, and he had little doubt but that the shares would soon be at a fearful discount. (Laugh- ter and applause.) [Mr. Smieton—Not before my shares are sold, I hope. (Renewed laughter.)] But the Directors had not been taken by surprise; they got due notice that Mr. Flintoff was coming, and that they had better put their house in order; and if they did not choose to do so, they must just take the conse- quences. [A Voice—“ Their hoose ’ill no be in order afore it’s poo’d doon.” (Laughter.)] The Chairman concluded by calling for three cheers for Mr. Flintoff, which were heartily given.

Mr. Frivtorr responded, and expressed his readiness to assist them, so far as in his power.

Mr. Rea moved a vote of thanks to the Chairman, for whom three heraty cheers were also given.

Mr. Jas. Mitt, druggist, moved a vote of thanks to Mr. Smieton for his kindness in meeting them that night. (Cheers.)

Mr. Smieton said they should have left that alone. He would get plenty of thanks elsewhere. (Laugh- ter.) .

A Voice—“ Fae the auld lichts.” (Great laughter.)

This concluded the business, and the meeting sepa- rated.

Do

Tue Frost, anp Water Cisrerns.—Doubtless many of your readers are much troubled in winter by having their cisterns, pipes, and closets frozen during the in- clement weather. The following remedy I have adopted in my own habitation with the greatest success, viz. : Put a lump of salt (the common agricultural salt will do) in the cistern once a week, and a small quantity in the closet-trap the last thing at night. This will have the desired effect, and prevent much trouble and ex- pense. The philosophy of the expedient is obvious. Water freezes at 32 degrees, but salt and water will not freeze till the air is 25 degrees colder. If the cistern should be frozen, it is quite sufficient to put salt therein, which will soon dissolve the frozen water. Joun Usner. [The supply pipes must, neverthless, be protected from action of frost. If it can be prevented, they should not remain charged with water.—London Builder.

ms

Gas 1n Scortanp.—The price of gas in Elgin, Scot- land, is to be reduced from 8s. 4d. to 7s. 6d. per 1,000 cubic feet. The London Builder says: “In the north of Scotland, according to the Banff Journal, prices are still very high, ranging apparently from 9s. up to 12s. and 15s. and 16s. per 1,000 cubic feet. There is a very general determination, however, not to submit to such preposterous and impracticable prices any longer. It is remarkable how tenaciously and stupidly some gas companies still clutch at such prices.”

American Gas-Light Journal.—January 15, 1862.

Patents. United States.

2,671.—J. C. Cook, of Middleton, Conn., assignor to William Wilcox & Co., for an Improvement in Liquid Meters:

I claim, first, The valve D, with its ports, d d’, and cavities, ee’, arranged to work transversely to the stroke of the piston in the box, C, at one end of the measuring cylinder and in combination with a system of ports, i o b b’, and passages, I 0 c, arranged sub- stantially as described.

Second, The valve operating rock shaft, F, with its spiral grooves. k k’, weighted arm, F2, and tappets, h h, applied and arranged in combination with the piston and slide valve, to operate substan- tially as and for the purpose set forth.

Third, The construction and arrangement of the valve-operating rock-shaft, substantially as described, to serve as guide for the piston rod.

Fourth, Combining the piston with the spirally-grooved valve- operating rock-shaft, F, by means of a slide, H, working in straight guides, and hooking into a circular-grooved protuberance, m, on the piston.

2,686.—Silas Barker and A. H. Smith, of Hartford,

Conn., for an Improvement in Water Meters:

We claim, first, The arrangement of the cylinder, A, and the hollow piston, B, said piston having an outlet, H, from one end.

8 d, The combination of the piston, D, and valves, K K. said valves being on the end of the piston, D, and moved by the valve

Third, The combination of the glass covering, L, on the piston, B, and the leather packing, M, in the centre part of cylinder, A, said packing being kept fitted to the piston, B, by the springs, N, and held between the three parts of the cylinder, A A A, all as set forth and described.

2,689.—Ransom Cook, of Saratoga Springs, N. Y., for an Improved Exhaust Fan:

I claim the construction of an exhaust fan in the manner sub- stantially as described. 2,690.—Ransom Cook, of Saratoga Springs, N. Y., for

an Improved Fan Blower:

I claim a fan blower, constructed substantially as described. 2,695.—H. P. Gengembre, of Tarentum, Pa., for

Improvement in Apparatus for Distilling Coal Oils :

T claim, the feeding and heating apparatus, consisting of the reservoir, B, pipe, D, heater, E, cock, b, and float, d, the whole ap- plied in combination with each other, and with the retort substan- tially as and for the purpose specified.

And I also claim the tray G, applied within the retort and in combination with a feeding apparatus, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2,732.—W. H. Elliot, of Plattsburgh, N. Y., for Im- provement in Pump for Oil Wells:

I claim, first, The emp!}yment of an inner well or trap, in com- bination with the pump, as and for the purpose specified.

Second, The employment of floating~valve, k, in combination with the pump, as and for the purpose set forth.

2,733.—R. B. Fitts, of Philadelphia, Pa., for Improve- ment in Army Feed and Water Buckets:

I claim the flexible rim, B, rigid bail, C, and plates, f f, the same specified.

being constructed and combined together with the flexible holder, A, so as to operate together, substantially in the manner described and for the purposes specified.

2,745.—Wm. Morehouse, of Buffalo, N. Y., for Improve-

ment in Lamps:

I claim the combination of the cylinder or case, D, tube, C, and plates, E F, arranged relatively, with the wick tube, B, and cone or defiector, E, to operate as and for the purpose set forth.

2,747.—L. H. Olmsted, of Binghamton, N. Y., for Im- provement in Oilers: I claim an oiler, made with a semi-spherical bottom, without

seam, a flexible cover and a conducting wire attached to the ex- tremity of the tube, all as shown and described.

2,761.—John W. Lane, of Newton, N. J., assignor to W. and B. Douglas, of Middletown, Conn., for an Improvement in Pumps :

I claim the water chamber, or reservoir, C, in combination with the induction pipe formed of two parts, B and B, so arranged and applied to the pump to operate as and for the purpose set forth.

2,769.—Mills L. Callender, of New York City, for Im- provement in Vapor Lamps:

I claim the relative arrangement of the two burning wicks, d d and cc, by which the wick dd is set to burn higher than the wick ¢ c, and two or more wicks can be simultaneously raised or de- pressed in by one ratchet wheel or one wick tube, in the manner and for the purpose specified.

2,784.—S. L. Marsden, of Westville, Conn., and S. R. Burrell, of New York City, for Improvement in Candlesticks :

We claim a portable candlestick, formed of a metal socket, A, and a spike or screw, B, or a spike and screw combined, substantially as described.

2,787.—John Mulvaney, of New York City, for Im- provement in Lamps:

I claim the employment or use of perforated or wire-cloth disks, @ b, in the tube, C, and air or draught chamber, B, of a camphene lamp, when said disks are used in combination with the glass chimneys, I, provided with a lower globe portion, c, and without the ordinary draught cone, J, which encompasses the upper part of tube, O, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2,820.—C. W. Cahoon, of Portland, Me., for Improve- ment in Lamps:

I claim, in combination with a lever and chimney fastenings, an adjustable fulcrum substantially as described.

I also claim, in combination with a lever and chimney fastenings, the indentations, F F, for the purpose uf preventing the chimney from going too far back, substantially as described.

2,821.—C. W. Cahoon, of Portland, Me., for Improve-

ment in Lamps:

I claim, first, a lever with chimney fastenings having that part of it on which the chimney rests extended so as to form a deflector, substantially as described.

Second, I claim the combination of the lever, A, with the air chamber, D, when the air chamber is attached to the lever and is movable with it, substantially as described.

Third, I claim, in combination with a lever for raising the chim- ney, the air chamber, D, and screen, E, arranged substantially as described. ‘ p

Fourth, I claim the ring, G, in combination with the lever, A, substantially as described.

Fifth, I claim the bar, H, having a stop, I, in combination with the cap, J, and lever, A, substantially as described.

Sixth, I claim the handle, L, in combination with the adjustable fulcrum, K, and the lever, A, substantially as described.

2,827.—H. C. Felthousen, of Buffalo, N. Y., for Improve_

ment in Signal Lanterns: ;

I claim the arrangement of the movable and stationary vertical rods, D and E, and the movable and stationary tubes, G and H, and connecting piece, F, with tif colored glass and frame, C, as a means of raising, lowering, and supporting the colored glass for change of signals, substantially as described.

I also claim the funnel, J, made air-tight at its apex and sides inverted and suspended over the top of the lamp chimney, in its arrangement with the cap, L, and outside guard, K, for the pur- poses and substantially as described.

2,844.—E. A. and Samuel Moore and David Mooney, of Findley, Ohio, for an Improvement in Cattle Pumps:

We claim the arrangement of the tilting platform, I, and bar or lever, J, leaded as shown, in combination with the force-pump, partially or wholly submerged, and provided with the jointed ele- vation tube, F, valves, C G, and solld or closed piston, D, as and for the purpose set forth.

2,849.—John Scheeper, of New York City, for an Im- provement in Combined Carriage Lantern and

Axle Lubricator :

First, I claim feeding a carriage lantern and axle bearing with oil from the same reservoir, substantially as described for the pur- pose set forth.

Second, The reservoir, E, screw cap, J, horizontal perforated tube, F, screw nuts, b c, tube, e, collar, C, and axle bearing, B, when combined, arranged and operating in the manner described.

2,855.—Emil Tritten, of Philadelphia, Pa., for Improve- ment in Lamps:

I claim the sliding cap, C, formed of a lower conical part, a, sur- mounted by a deflector, b, said parts being perforated, and the cap connected with the wick-tube, B, by having the latter pass through the bottom, e, of the former, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

I further claim having the bottom, e, of the cap, C, constructed of wood or other substance, which is a good non-conductor of heat, when said cap is used in combination with the wick-tube, B, and all arranged as and for the purpose specified.

2,869.—Levi Abbot, of Boston, Mass., for Improvement in Gas Regulators:

I claim, first, The construction of the valve and valve-seat of a gas regulator of vulcanized India rubber, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

Second, Forming a guide for the valve-stem within the regulat- ing screw, E, applied at the bottom of the stem, substantially as

2,871.—Edwin Bowen, of Meriden, Conn., for Improve- ment in Mode of Securing Chimneys to Lamps:

I claim the slide, D, fitted horizontally in the lamp top, A, pro- vided with a hook, a, at one end, and having a spring, E, bearing or acting against it within the top, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2,875.—H. H. Dickinson, of Hartford, Conn., for At- tachment to Kerosene Lamps:

I claim the adjustable tube or thimble, C, surrounding the round wick tube of an ordinary lamp, said thimble being of conical form at top, and having points, b e, and interstices, a a, at the top and bottom, operating in the manner described for the purpose set forth.

2,894.—D. A. Moore, of Syracuse, N. Y., for Improve- ment in Lamps:

I claim the entire arrangement for raising and lowering the slid- ing tube, B, and wick, for the purpose of regulating the flame. In this arrangement I include the slit, C, in the internal tube, B, the wire or metallic strip, G, the attachment of this wire to the sliding tube, D, the concave plate, I, the funnel, K, for guiding the wire or strip through the aperture in the plate.

2,910.—F. J. Willett, of Nunda, N. Y., for Improvement in Pumps:

I claim the combination of a hand lever, 0, and platform, M, oscillating together, when connected with the piston rod, k, of a pump, substantially as described, so that the combined exertions of the muscular power of the arms and the weight of the body, may be employed for working the pump.

I also claim the employment of the disks, m m, in combination with the packing, f, rod, k, and piston cylinder, B’, arranged and spensting substantially in the manner and for the purposes set forth.

Ialso claim the combination of the cylinder, A, and pipe or pipes, C D, thimbles, e e, bands, g g, and wedges, h h, substantially as shown and described.

2,917.—A. K. Tupper (assignor to himself, J. E. Tup- per and J. W. Green), of Pontiac, Mich., for Im- provement in Gas Retorts:

I claim the coke box or basket, C, combined with the cover or cap, B, of the retort, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2,932.—Elisha Fitzgerald, of New York City, for Im- provement in Pumps:

I claim, in combinatiou with the division pump, A B C, using for the pump, D, the two valves, F and G, as described, and for the purposes set forth.

2,941.—Daniel Hughes, of Rochester, N. Y., for Im- provement in Lamps:

I claim the air-chamber between the conductor and the body of

the lamp, as recited, the gauze-covered holes or small perforations as the inlets for the air, and the globe shade, as they are arranged in relation to each other, and for the purposes set forth.

2,951.—Joshua Merrill, of Boston, Mass., for an Im- provement in Construction of Stills and Still Bot-

toms:

I claim the formed seamless steel bottom in combination with the body of a still, substantially as described.

2,957.—Ferdinand Rochow, of New York City, for an

Improvement in Rotary Pumps:

T claim, first, Constructing the inclosing shell or case, A, of an eccentric or irregular curve, such that all lines drawn from its op- posite sides and through any one and the same point, O/, in the axis or diameter of such curve but at one side of the centre of such axis, shall be of equal length, so that abutments or pistons, v v, of the same length with such axis or diameter, revolving in such shell and passing through a shaft or cylinder having the centre of its axle in such point, 0’, will always be in contact with the sides of the shell, without the use of any device to vary their length.

Second, The combination of the shell or case, A, when so con- structed, with the enclosed shaft or cylinder, R, and its movable solid pistons, v v, arranged in respect to such shell substantially as described.

Third, The application and use of the packing rings, p’ p’, and the elastic packing, q q, in combination with the shaft, R, side pieces, 8 8. substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

Fouth, The whole machine or apparatus constructed substan- tially as and for the purposes set forth.

2,958.—W. G. Schmidlin and J. W. Driscoll, of N. Y., for an Improvement in Reflectors for Lamps:

We claim the employment of the reflectors, d and e, formed as sections of truncated cones or pyramids and flaring away from the flame, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

Tue Eppystone Licutuovsr,—The Eddystone light- house has now withstood the storms of nearly a century —a solid monument to the genius of its architect and builder. Sometimes, when the sea rolls in with more than ordinary fury from the Atlantic, driven up the channel by the force of a southwest wind, the lighthouse is enveloped in spray, and its light is mo- mentarily obscured. But again it is seen shining clear, like a star across the waters, a warning and a guide to the homeward bound. Occasionally, when struck by a strong wave, the central portion shoots up the per- pendicular shaft, and leaps quite over the lantern. At other times a tremendous wave hurls itself upon the lighthouse, as if to force it from its foundation. The report of the shock to one within is like that of a cannon; the windows rattle, the doors slam, and the building vibrates and trembles to its very base. But the tremor felt throughout the lighthouse in such a case, instead of being a sign of weakness, is the strongest proof of the unity and close connection of the fabric in all its parts. At first the men appointed as light- keepers were much alarmed by the fury of the waves during storms. The year after the light was exhibited, the sea raged so furiously that for twelve days together it dashed over the lighthouse so that the men could not open the door of the lantern, or any other. In a letter addressed to Mr. Jessup, by the man who visited the rock after such a storm, he says: “The house did shake as if a man had been up in a great tree. The old men were almost frightened out of their lives, wishing they had never seen the place, and cursing those that first persuaded them to go there. The fear seized them in the back, but rubbing them with oil of turpentine gave them relief.” Since then, custom has altogether banished fear from the minds of the light- house keepers. The men became so attached to their home, that Mr. Smieton mentions the case of one of them who was even accustomed to give up to his com- panions, his turn for going on shore.—Lives of the Kn- gineers, by Samuel Smiles.

Lrnom’s Gas Enerne.—It is stated that this inven- tion of Mr. Lenoir is meeting with the approval of scientific men in Paris. It is simply the application of common illuminating gas, exploded in small quantities above and below the piston of what was once a steam- engine; the explosions being produced under regulation, by the electric spark from a Rumkorff machine, The gas costs 500 litres per hour for each horse power, ten hours’ work costing about 31 cents per horse power. This invention is about to be applied to locomotives on railroads, and also on steamboats. The gas re- quired may be produced by the decomposition of the water itself.

Gas iv Eneranp.—The price of gas at Cranbrook has been reduced from 8s. to 7s. per 1,000 cubic feet. The village of Wallsend is to be lighted with gas, and pipes are being laid down from Walker, by the Walker and St. Anthony Gas Company.

American

Gas-Light Journal.—January 15, 1862.

22%

New Sarery Laste,—At a tecent:meeting of the South Wales Institute of Engineers, a Mr. Eyaris, from North Wales, exhibited an improved miners’ safety- lamp, which was greatly admired both for its simplicty and novelty. The lamp is miade of glass, with holes perforated at the bottom ; and as the miner approaches the noxious gases, the diminution in the size and power of the light will warn him of his danger, and be an effectual admonitor, that, if he persists in going in the same direction, the light will be extinguished, and as

a natural consequence death ensue.

Proposals.

Parent Brrumtnizep Gas-,—The process of the maufacture of the patent bituminized pipes for water and gas mains, consists in causing a roll of paper to pass through a reservoir of melted bitumen, after which it is tightly coiled round a mandril to any required thickness: thus when hardened, a tube of perfect tex’ ture, great hardness and strength, is formed. pipes are growing decidedly popular, and deserve the attention of water companies in particular, on account of not being liable to be choked up with tubercular accretions, such as frequently occur in iron pipes.

chester.

These is afterwards

of Brooklyn, 3 per cent,

Warter-Gas 1v Encranp.—It is said that arrange- ments are being made at the Leeds gas-works for the manufacture of gas from water, much on the principle carried out some years ago, by Mr. White, in Man- Steam is decomposed in passing over incan- descent coke or charcoal, and the liberated hydrogen

carburetted by being passed through

resinous or other carbonizing matter. Brooxtyy, N. Y.—The Citizens’ Gas-Light Company

have declared a semi-annual dividend of

Portable Gas-Works.

Proposals for Stamped Envelopes. Post-OrFrice DePARTMENT, January 13, 1862. EALED PROPOSALS WILL BE received until 3 p. m., on the 13th

day of February, 1862, for furnishing all the ‘Stamped Envelopes,” ‘Letter Sheets and En- velopes combined,” and Newspaper Wrappers” which this Department may require, during a period of four years, commencing Ist April, 1862,

viz.: STAMPED ENVELOPES.

No. 1, or note size, 2% by 4% inches, of white paper.

No. 2, or letter size, 3144 by 54 inches, and ex- tra letter size, 346 by 64 inches, of white, buff, or cream-colored paper, or in such proportions of either as may be required. :

No. 8, or official size, 83% by 8% incheg, of the same colors as No. 2, and under a like condition as to the proportion of each.

No. 4, or extra official size, 5 1-10 by 9 4-5 in- ches, of the same color as No. 2, and under a like condition as to the proportion of each.

Nos. 1 and 2 to be embossed with the three or six cent postage stamp, No. 3 with six cent, and No. 4 with twelve, twenty, twenty-four and forty cent stamps, all of style and color similar to those now in use.

Letter sheets and stamped envelopes combined, of white or blue paper. Note sheets and stamp- ed envelopes combined, of white or blue paper, both sides embossed with the three cent. stamps.

Stamped newspaper wrappers, not less than 6 by 10 2-5 inches, and of buff paper, embossed with the one cent postage stamp, or any other de- nomination that may be required.

Proposals are also invited for furnishing straw or Manilla board boxes, or others of equal or superior strength, for packing parcels of en- velopes, of letter sheets and envelopes combined, and of newspaper wrappers, containing from one hundred to five hundred each, and for water- proof wooden cases for packing parcels of four to twenty-five thousand.

The envelopes and wrappers are to be made in the best manner, of paper of approved quality, manufactured specially for the purpose, and with such water-marks as the Postmaster-General may direct. They must be gummed for sealing, the former at least 44 inches on the point and one end of the latter; they must be banded in par- cels of twenty-five, packed without charge for packing, and furnished complete in all respects, ready for use with all reasonable dispatch, and in such quantities as may be required to fill the orders of Postmasters, and must be delivered daily either at the place of manufacture or at the Postoffice Department, at the option of the Post- master General, to an agent duly authorized by the latter to inspect and receive them.

An agent of the Department will furnish the address for each parcel, which is to be pasted on the box by the manufacturer without charge.

The dies for embossing the postage stamps on the envelopes and wrappers are to be executed in the best style, and they are to be provided, re- newed and kept in order at the expense of the contractor. The Department also reserves the right of requiring new denominations of stamps and any changes of the dies or colors without ad- ditional charge.

Bidders are expected to furnish samples of pa- per with their bids of the quality they intend to use in the manufacture of the envelopes which they propose to supply, and also specimens of the envelopes unstamped, and of boxes,

In addition to bids for furnishing plain en- velopes of the sizes and colors above described, separate ser nary are invited to furnish en- welopes provided with patent dissolving lines, (indicating the proper position for the super- scription,) to substitute the plain or unruled envelopes, in whole or in part, as the Depart- ment may elect.

Proposals are also invited for devices other than water-marks,(or additional to such marks,) to afford protection against counterfeiting—speci- mens to be submitted.

The contract will be awarded to the bidder whose proposal, although it be not the lowest, is considered most advantageous to the Depart- ment, taking into account the price, the quality of the samples, and his sufficiency and ability to manufacture and deliver envelopes in accordance with the terms of this advertisement; and no proposals will be idered unless accompanied by guarantees.

Before closing a contract the successful bidder may be required to prepare new dies and submit specimen impressions thereof. The use of the present dies may or may not be continued, but no radical change in the.device of the stamps will be adopted.

Bonds and security will be required for the faithful performance of the contract, and pay- ments under it will be made quarterly. The Postmaster-General reserves to himself the right to annul it whenever he shall discover that the same or any part thereof is offered for sale in the market for the purpose of speculation, ard he will not, in any case, sanction a transfer the contract to any party who shall be, in his opinion, less able or less qualified than the origi: - al bidder or contractor. The right is also reserved to annul the contract for a failure to perform faithfully any of its stipulations.

The number of envelopes of different sizes and

of wrappers issued to postmasters during the fiscal year ending June 380, 1861, is fully set forth in the last report of the Postmaster-General.

The bids should be marked “ Proposals for Stamped Envelopes and Wrappers,” and should be addressed to the ‘‘ Third Assistant Postmaster- General, Post-office Department.”

M. BLAIR, Postmaster-General.

W & J. GRIFFITHS & CO.— e City Tube Works, Malleable Iron and Brass Foundry, No. 27 North Seventh street, Philadelphia. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Pipe, Lap-Welded Flues and Fittings; also, Brass Work of all descriptions, for Gas, Steam and Water. Particular attention given to Heating Buildings, &c. .

Official.

$i WILLIAMSBURGH GAS-

Lieut Company.—Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 18, 1862. DIVIDEND.—The Board of Di- rectors have this day declared a semi-annual dividend of FIVE (5) PER CENT., payable on and after Monday next, January 20.

The transfer books will remain closed until the 20th. C. F. BLODGET, Secretary.

Gas-Engineers.

AS-WORKS ERECTED FOR Cities and Villages. Plans and Specifications furnished for works of any desired capacity, drawings of Retort Settings for Bench- es of one, two, three or five Retorts, GAS APPARATUS

of every description. F. A. SABBATON, Gas-Engineer and Contractor, Albany, N. Y.

IMMOCK, DWIGHT & CO. En- gineers and Contractors for the erection of Coal Gas-Works. Offices 135 and 137 William street, New York City; and No.2 Elm street, Springfield, Mass. References by permission:

Grorce D. Morcan, Esq., New York. AARON CLAFLIN, Esq., id A. B. Woop, bd GeorGe Biss, Esq., N.Y., Pres. M.S & N.I.R.R.Co. Geo. M. ATWATER, Esq., Springfield, Mass. Jas. D. Brewer. Esq , Pres. Springfield Gas Co Joun I. Baker, Esq , Pres. Beverly Gas Co. Henry E. Russe, Esq., Pres. N. Britain Gas Co. J. Dunnam, Esq , Pres. Norwich, Ct. Gas Co, W. C. Street, Esq., Sec. Norwalk, Ct. Gas Co,

i oe AUBIN GAS-WORKS CO., or Apany, N. Y., refer to the follow- ing Gas-Light Companies using their Works, to prove that Gas stocks can pay handsomely, and yetarich and cheap Gas be made, viz.: Platts- burgh, Whitehall, Palmyra, Waterford, Bath, Amsterdam, Fort Plain, N. Y.; Rutland, Vt. ; Flemington, N. J.; Smyrna and Dover, Del. ; Jersey Shore and Pittston, Penn.; Greensboro and Salem, N. C.; Sorel, St. Hyacinthe, and Point Levi, Canada. Agents wanted to extend the sale of the Aubin Portable Gas-Works, unsurpassed for simplicity, safety and economy.

Steam-Pumps.

BS apeire GTON’S Sream Pumps, 3 extensively used by Gas-Light Companies. For Sale at greatly Reduced Prices. Also, a new and highly successful Pump, driven by water pressure, requiring no attention or re- pairs, and the most economical water motor yet constructed. Patent GATES, for Water and Steam-stops. HENRY R. WORTHINGTON, 61 Beekman street, N. Y.

Union Wire-Works.

if OBERT McMURRAY & CO., : No. 29 Fulton Street, New York, Manufacturers of Copper, Brass, and Iron Wire Cloth for Gas Works, all kinds of Foundry Rid- dies, Sieves, and Screens. Improved Wire Win- dow Shades, Wire Bolting Cloth, Duster-Wire, Wire Cloth for fanning machines, Rosin, &c., Locomotive Wire, Fire Guards, Ornamental Wire Work of every description. Patent Improved Wove and Laid made Dandy Rolls repaired and designed to order.

Heating Apparatus.

OSEPH NASON & CO., Construc- tors of Apparatus for Warming Pub- lic and Private Buildings by Steam and Hot Water. Improved Fans for Ventilating Hospitals and other Public Buildings. JOSEPH NASON, HENRY R. WORTHINGTON, No. 61 Beekman street, corner of Gold street, New York.

¢3-* AND WROUGHT IRO Pipe, Branches, Elbows, Sleeve¥, &c. Lamp-Posts, Wrought-Iron Lanterns for Lamp-Posts, Gas Retorts (clay or iron), Street Mains in 9 or 12 feet lengths. Sheet-Iron cut to pattern for Gas-holders. For sale by the Manu- facturers’ Agent,

HENRY G. NICHOLS, 24 Pine st., N. ¥.

i UNTER, KELLER & CO., Manufacturers of WROUGHT-IRON PIPES & FIX1URES, of all descriptions, for STEAM. WAT? AND GAS. 144 Centre street, New York.

(RAR TUBE WORKS—Morpuy J&a LLISON, Proprietors. Wrought Iron Coke-Welded Tubes, for Gas, Water, Steam, &c. Wrought, Cast and Malleable Iron Fittings, Steam and Gas Cocks, Valves. Also, Galvanized Tubes and Fittings.

Office 1908 Market street, Philadelphia.

Atent Prepared Wood-Pipe

for Gas Mains.—Wm. Stephenson

would call the attention of Gas Companies and Engineers to his Patent Prepared Wood Gas- Pipe. This Pipe is prepared in a way so as to effectually prevent its decay, and has been proven to be superior to Iron pipe in three towns where he has erected Gas-Works.

The cost of the Pipe, and the facility with which it can be laid, and also its not being sub- ject to expansion and contraction by change of temperature, render it entirely free from leak- age; there is also less condensation than in Iron pipe. These are among the advantages gained by the use of this Pipe, and are sufficient to re- commend it to the favorable consideration of Gas Companies and Engineers; and it is con- sidered, by those who have examined it, asa most valuable improvement.

A sample of this pipe may be seen at the rooms of the AmericaAN Gas-Licut Journal, No. 39 Nassau street, New York; and further informa- tion, with reference to this Pipe, may be obtained by application to the Patentee,

WM. STEPHENSON, Gas Engineer, Fremont, Ohio.

ATENT BITUMENIZED PIPES for Water, Gas, and Drainage.— Reduction in price on account of the exemption from duty on paper. These pipes possess all the properties necessary for the conveyance of Gas, Water, and also for Drainage purposes, viz., great strength, great durability, and perfect in- oxidability ; and being non-conductors are not affected by frost, like metal pipes; they are proved to resist a pressure of 220 lbs. on the square inch (equal to 500-ft. head of water), and can be made up to any greater strength if re- quired. They are only one-fourth the weight, and when laid down are fifty per cent. cheaper than iron pipes; they are made in 7 ft. lengths, and the joinings are simple and inexpensive.

These Pipes have been in use nearly three years, and have given the most perfect satisfac- tion.

Further particulars as to joining, &c., and specimen pipes, may be obtained at the office of the Company, on application to

Mr. ALEXANDER YOUNG, 14 Cannon street, E. C., London, England. - eer An agent will soon be appointed for New ork.

LS cent PIPES, ENGLISH AND

AMERICAN. Garnkirk Chimney Tops, Plumbers’ Materials, Minton’s Encaustic Tiles.

For Sale by MILLER & COATES, 279 Pearl st., New York.

Stop-Cocks, &C.,

ANIEL THOMPSON, Machinist and Manufacturer of Stop-Cocks, Fire-Plugs, &c., for Water-Works, Stop-Cocks, Valves, Drip Pumps, &c. for Gas- Works, No. 133 Elfreth Alley, Philadelphia.

EWSPAPER WRAPPERS. Mara’s Patent Self Sealing and Folding Water-lined Newspaper Wrappers, $1.50 per 1000. Sold by all Booksellers and News Agents throughout the United States'and Canada, j L. P. MARA, STATIONER, 418 Eighth Avenue, near 32d st., New York City.

Gas-Works and Water-Works. PARRISH, Jr., IS PREPARED e to furnish estimates for Gas or Water Works. and to erect them on the most im- proved principles. Office, 1416 Arch st., Phila- delphia.

Tratton & Brother’S

Patent Gas-Works, for making Gas

from Rosin or Coat Ors. Srratron’s Patent Double Retort, for Coal, Wood, or Rosin.

Our Patent Gas Works have been put up in some forty Country Residences, Factories, Churches, &c., in which an experience of tem years gives entire satisfaction.

Water Works also put up in country residences. All work warranted.

Reference—Prof. Jas. ©. Boorn, U.S. Mint, Phila. Corsetivs & BAKER, STRATTON & BROTHER, 719 Walnut street, Philadelphia.

Dutlers Patent Portable Rosin Gas-Works,

FOR Dwellings, Churches, Country Villages, As well as for Consumers in Large Cities. JOHN BUTLER, No. 112 Fulton st. and 15 Henry st., Brooklyn, N. Y.

OR LIGHTING RAILROAD CARS AND STEAMBOATS wwWibtTlt GAS.

The whole process of Filling the Gas-Holders of a Railway Train, requires but Three Minutes. Apply to the NEW YORK CAR & STEAMBOAT GAS. CO., No. 117 Fulton st., N. Y.

Y R. WOODWORTH, Manufac- Je turer of

PORTABLE GAS WORKS, 74 WALL STREET, New York Ciry.

Water-Meters.

H R. WORTHINGTON’S Parent e Water-Meter.—This Meter com- bines accuracy, simplicity and remarkable dura- bility, with such ease and certainty of motion, as to offer no appreciable obstructions to the flow of water in the pipes to which it is connected, as it runs and registers upon three inches head, or when delivering the smallest stream. These qualities, with its low cost, have caused its exten- sive adoption by corporations and individuals, in many of our largest cities. HENRY R. WORTHINGTON, 61 Beekman street, N. Y.

Wooden Purifying Trays.

OODEN TRAYS FOR GAS- Purirrers.—The subscriber manu- factures the Woopen Trays for Gas-PURIFIERS on the invention of Wm. Combe, cut from i wood, which are found superior to the iron plates formerly used, as*being cheaper and more dur- able. The public are cautioned against the state- ments of R. G. Hunt, published in the AmgRIcaN Gas-Licut JourNat, Nov. 1st, 1861, page 187, as wholly without foundation. The following letter is from the Commissioner of Patents: U.S. Patent Office, Jan. 6th, 1862.

Sir—In the matter of interference between the application of Hunt and Combe for patent coni- cally slotted wooden gas-purifiers, appealed from the decision of the Examiner, the Examiners-in- Chief have rendered a decision, bearing date Jan. 4th, 1862. The Examiners-in-Chief affirm the decision of the Examiner oe nc e first claim of Rich’d G. Hunt, and reverse the de- cision of the Examiner, rejecting the applica- oe of Wm. Combe, assigned to N. 0. Hawa-

uret.

Unless an appeal shall be taken from this decision of the Examiners-in-Chief within the next ensuing thirty days, a patent will be allowed to N. 0. Hawxhurst, assignee of Combe.

Respectfully, D. P. Hottoway, Com. of Patents.

All orders for Solid Wood Trays executed at

the shortest notice, on reasonable terms, by Joun L. CHEESMAN, 147 Avenue C, near 10th st., New York City.

Onically Slotted Solid

Wood Trays for Gas-Purifiers.—

Admitted to be the best, cheapest, and most dur- able seives for gas-purifiers ever used.

Secured by Letters Patent of the United States, both for the machinery used in the manufacture, and for the seive itself.

or sale on reasonable terms to Gas-Light Com- pihies or Agents, on application, by letter, to the patentee, RICHARD G. HUNT, 631 Fourth st., near Avenue C, New York City.

N. B.—All persons are warned against purchas- ing these seives of others who falsely pretend to have patents for them. Suits will be commenced immediately against all persons infringing my patents by using or making wooden sieves, but those who hereafter purchase from me can buy their seives cheap and will not be troubled by me on account of former purchases. R. @. H.

Arris Louderback, Fire-Brick Layer And Gas Retort Se1Iter,

Ww. D. Paprisa. D. Parrisa, Jr.

No. 1005 Clement Street, Philadelphia.

icine ert itp Te ACB nO CCRT i

iii at SS ai a eee

pi eles abilities Reaemcemsia at recat Seat

sti? tienes red pli Jer ees plot — a 2

American Gas-Light Journal.—January 15, 1862.

iv

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MEDALS AWARDED TO THOMAS GLOVERS PATENT DRY CAS-METERS SUFFOLK ST. CLERKENWELL-GREEN. & ALLEN ST. GOSWELL ST, LONDSN.

BOSTON, Mass., 1 Barretr Srreet,—August 2, 1860.

RICHARD GLOVER begs to inform Gas Companies and Contractors that he has always on hand a large assortment of Tuomas Guover’s (of London) celebrated Dry Gas Mertzrs.

Tomas Giover’s Meters have now been in use in the United States and British Provinces, for the last Fourteen YEARS, and are extensively used by many Gas Companies, to their entire satisfaction; and R. Grover can with all confidence refer to them in proof that Taomas Gtover’s Meters are— the most Perrect in PrincipLes— the most Correct in Recistration—and more DuraBie than any other Dry Gas Meter made in the United States or Great Britain. R. Giover will at all times be glad to repair any Gas Meters sent him at the above factory. If any of them are of Tuomas Giover’s manufacture, and of a more recent date than Ture years, he will make no charge.

Down & Merarikrield,

Nos. 340, 342, 344 and 346 West Twenty-second Street, North River, NEW YORK CITY,

Manufacturers Of

“Wet And Dry Patent Cas-Meters,

Pressure-Registers, Pressure-Indicators and Gauges, Station, Show, Customer, and Experimental Gas-Meters, Centre or Hydraulic Valves, Governors, Compensators for Exhausters, and the Standard, Testing Gas-Holders* for Proving Meters, now used in the State of New York in compliance with an Act of the Legislature. ALSO, BUNSEN’S PHOTOMETER, WITH COMPLETE APPARATUS FO WORKING THE SAME

The standard of measurement of this Gas-Holder is given by Professors Torrey, of the U. S. Assay Office; Joy, of Columbia College; , of the Free Academy, and several other distinguished scientific gentlemen.

Code, Hopper & Gratz,

1500, 1502 and 1504 FILBERT.Sr., PHILADELPHIA. MANUFACTURERS OF

Pressure Registers, Pressure Indicators, Pressure Gauges, Photometers, Governors, Station Meters, Customer Meters, (Wet and Dry,) Experimental Meters, (Wet and Dry,) Show Meters, (Wet and Dry,) Meter Provers, Centre Seals, &c.

The high reputation which we have enjoyed for more than twenty-two years, and the fact that we have manufactured a greater number of Gas-Meters than all other manufacturers in this country combined, must present itself as a security to parties desirous of securing the most reliable instruments, Having completed a most extensive addition to our Factory, and added many important improvements to our machinery, we are enabled to fill orders entrusted to us with despatch, and in all cases guarantee entire sutisfuction. Our Patent Rotary-Valve Dry Gas-Meter is now used by upwards of Two Hundred Gas Companies, giving general satisfaction ; we

therefore recommend it, believing it superior to any other Dry Gas-Meter manufactured. All Meters tested separately by a sworn Meter-Inspector, and sealed when desired.

John J. Griffin & Co.

76 West Thirty-Seventh St., New York City,

Manufacturers Of Wet And Dry Cgas-Meters,

Station-Meters, Proving-Machines, Show-Meters, Test-Meters, Pressure Indicators, &c.

All of our Work is Guaranteed to be of the First Quality, as well as the material, and for this we can refer to numerous Gas-Light Companies,

JOSEPH LENNIG & CO., Nos. 313 & 315 NEW MARKET S&t., above Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa.,

Manufacturers Of

Wet and Dry Patent Gas-Meters, Station, Show, Customer, and Experimental Meters, Photometers ; Pressure- Registers, Indicators, and Gauges; Governors, Meter-Provers, Centre-Seals, Fluid Gauges, &c,

The flattering Testimonials we are receiving from Gas Officers, accompanied with expressions of such general satisfaction, and the fact of a tried experience for fourteen years, must present itself as a security to parties desirous of securing the most reliable Instruments. We therefore recommend our Patent Dry Gas-Meter, believing it superior to any Meter manufactured. Messrs, J. Lennie & Co. confine their sole attention to the business of Gas-Meter making.

Our materials are the best in use; the strictest attention is given to workmanship, and we guarantee entire satisfaction to all purchasers.

Purehasers may at any time inspect our Works, and the materials of which our Meters are manufactured. We are fully prepared to execute all orders, upon the shortest notice, and it will be to the interest of parties to call upon us.

t# Each Meter Tested Separately by a Sworn Inspector, and Sealed when desired. METERS REPAIRED AND FORWARDED WITH DISPATOH.

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American Gas-Light Journal—January"15, 1862. 223 -

Potts’ Revolving Signal Lights,

PaTENTED SEPTEMBER 8, 1857.

Mr. AuBent Ports, the well known Inventor of the Lawp-Posrt Larrer Boxes. which bave been adopted by the Post Office Department for the large sities of the United States—and also of the Gas Meter Box. to be set in the front walls ot houses, thus dviag away with visits trom Gas Inzpectors, or burglars in gas-clothing, has lately brought forward a third Invention, which in pint of importance and world-wide usefulness, surpasses the others entirely.

These SIGNAL LIGHTS are intended for use on Vessels propelled by Steam, ani those exclusively. They specially indicate the presence of a Steamer, and by their use, there will be less likelihood of mistak2s, and conssquont collision than at present. They are also intended for SIGNALLING AT NIGHT, and can be used for that purposs UNDER ANY CODE of SIGNALS NOW ARRANGED FOR FLAGS.

This Improvement in Lights for Steam Veesels, consists in having the Lanterns conteining the colured lights, connected by means of a series of cogged gearing with some convenient part of the Engive or Machinery, 80 as to cause them to have a revolving motion around their axis. On side wheel steamers, the Lanterns should be placed directly over the wheel-houses, and the power, or motion to turn them, may then be very conveniently ob:ained frem the paddle wherlshaft. On Propellers, the Lanterns should be placed on each side of the Pilot House, or hurricane deck, and the rotary motion derived from any convenient or suitable part of the Engine or Propeller Shaft. Each Lantern is supported oa the end of movable cranes, so that their relative positions may be changed and properly ud- justed to suit the view of observers on either side of the vessel at the time of signalling. ;

The Lanterns to be used in this improvement may be constructed for Butning Vils, Fluids, Gas, or any of the known modes of illumination. and should be furnished with one or more lenses and reflec- tors, 80 a8 to concentrate the ra 8 of light, and project them over the borizon with the greatest intensity. The lenses for this purpose should be made with colored glass, viz., Red and Green, and the position of the respective Lanterns, according to the color -f the lenses therein, must be placed on the sides of tie ves+el so as to :nswer tu the requirements of Rules and Ne og made and published by the Su- pervising Inspec: ora ot Stramboats, agreeably to the Act ot C: ngress of the United States in such cases made and provided. That is to say—by said Regulation—t Lantern having the green lenses for producing the t#reen Colored Light. must be placed on the starboard side of the vessel, and the other Lantern producing the Red Light, to be placed om the port side thereof in pursuance, also, of the aforesaid Rules and Regulations, there is to be found io beard and behind each Lantern, a screen to answer the purpo-es therein mentioned,

The ongged gearing, by which the Lanterns are connected with the Engine or paddle wheel shaft, and thereby caused to revolve when the Engine is in motion, is so arranged that the connection may be readily shipped or uoshipped, and the lant’ ,8 made station+ry or otherwise, at the pleasure of the Pilot, or those whore duty it may be to operate and attend to the same. The cranes on which the Lanterns are placed, are also rigged so as tu be readily turned horizontally from one position to another, 80 as to present one or both lights to the view of observers when laying athwart ships at the time

of signallic en On the Use and Application of the Improvement for Night Signals.

When the vessel is under weigh. or going ahead in its course, the Lunterns are to be placed directly athwart ships, so that such colored light therein wi'l then have the position and place prescribed by Rule Seventh of the aforesaid Supervising Inspectors of Steam Buate, and with the screens behind them, as above described, will then answer all the intents and purposes for which the colored nghis are thus required to be used, as illustrated in the several diagrams published by said Inspectors for the working of a system of Colored Lights. The Lights in this case, according to the color seen by the observer, indicate the course er direction of the vessel whereon they are carried When the Lanterns with the co ored lights therein, are made to revolve around on their axis, as proposed in this improve- ment, in addition to the signal above, another, and as we believe, very important and useful signal is thus forme4, indicating that the ves+el, whereon it is carried iaa Steamer. In dark foggy nights, it is found by experience, to be somewhat of a difficult ta-k to distinguish sailing vessels from Steamers and Propellers, especially when the latter are rigged, and carry a pers of sail. When Steamers meet ‘s bead and Lead,’’ it is the duty of each to pass to the right, or, on the larboard side of the c!her. Whereas, when a Steamer meets a sailing vessel, the former must give way and allow the latter to pursue

its course. Hence, to curry out the egulations of the said Steamboat Inspectors, and prevent collisions, it is important to have some infallible sign, whereby the character of the vessel moy be readily seen and determined. Several very fatal collisions have recently taken place through mistakes of this kind.

On Signals for Speed and Distance.

The gearing of the Lanterns with the paddle wheel or prop¢ller sha‘t, may be so arranged as to be an index of their speed. A very good proportion, would probably be to make tte Laterns turn about one third as fast as xaid shaft. Hence, when the speed of the vessel is previously known, when making a certain number of revolutions of tle paddle or propeller, it becomes an eary task from observing the time with which the L: nternue thereon may te turning to approaimate to the speed with which the said vessel is moving at the time of obrervation. Again, as the arcs described by the rays of light from each lantern, as they revolve around on their axis, is greater in proportion to the distance from said lantern, so will the time in which said rays move over any given space. be less in the same proportion. Zecre, when the lights are very 1emote, or far off, from the observer, the duration of each column or cyl.ader, of rays from each lense, would yass the eye of the observer, in a short space of time, or with yteat velocity. Whereas, at a nearer point of observation, the time of its passage would be considerably ledgthened, or the motion thereof apparently much slower. Fiom these iacts, we believe the mprovement is susceptible of indicating, in an approximate mancer, the speed and distance of vessels whereon the revolving lights may be used.

On the Application of the Improvement for Marine Telegraphic Purposes.

The Revolving Lights can be readily applied to the general purpores of Marine Signalling at night, as follows : In order to show this application, we have adopted the Numbers as given in Roger’s Code of Marine Da: Signals, believing that work to be somewhatof a standard in matters of this kind. Instead of the flags used in the above code, for day signals, to indicate the combinations of two or more letters of the Alphabet, which combination is referable to certain numbers indicative of the words-or sentences telegraphed. we propose to perform the same operation, at night, by means of the two revolving colored lights, xo as to indicute the numbers directly to which the intended words or sentences to be telegraphed are referable. Thus, whether the vessel to be signalied is ahead, astern, or abaft the beam, the position of the two colored lights must be so adjusted, by means of the moveable cranes, whereon said lanterns or lights are fixed, that the two lights may be fully made visible to the observer. When both lights are thrown into this position, stopping the motion of the lanterns may be the signal for calling attention, ora rocket fired off, or the steam whistle blown, would answer the same purpose. Now, inorder to represent the ten numerals, we p:opose to indicate them by the respective motions of the two colored lights, as follows :

RED LIGHT. GREEN LIGHT. One Red, Represents Number 1. Two Green, Represents Number 2. Three do. do. do. 2 Four do. do. do. 4. bive do. do. do. 5. Six do. do do. 6. Seven du, do. do. 7. Eight do. do. do. 8, Nine do. do. do. 9. One do. do. do. uv.

In the above arrangement, it will be seen that all the odd numbers ara made by the Red Light, and the even numbers by the fireen Light. In order to indicate the repeat of the last number, once or more times, or for other special purpo. es, which may hereafter be found useful and necessary, an even number ofJights may be shown by the Red, and an odd number by the Green. It will be understood that when the Lanterns are made with three lenses in them, the nume als as above arranged are formed by the number of times a new light or lense is presented to the observer. Thus to indicate the num- ber 8, toe Red Light or Lantern would make one entire revolution ; and to make the number 6, the Lantern carrying the Gren Light would make two revolutions, and so on wito the other numbers. Whena symbol is made, the motion of the Lantern is to he suspended for a short time, and when a number expressing # sentence is formed, the lantern may be stopped for a longer period, or some one of the special signalgabove re'erved to, may be used for this purpose. . -

To show the application of this improvement as above mentioned, whereby these Lights can be used aS readily for Night Signals, as Flags are used fer Day Signals by the author of Roger’s Code, we

shall u-e the siga © colured red or greeo, accurding to the light used, to show the number of movements perfosmed by the respective lights in order to represent any desired number of said code, suitable for the required purpose,

RED LIGHT. GREEN LIGHT, RED LIGHT, GREEN LIGHT.) RED LIGHT. GREEN LIGHT.| RED LIGHT, GREEN LIGHT, oO, O, O, O, Oo, oO. Oo. ¥ oO, O, Oo, Oo, o. 0, O, O, O, O, O, O Oo, 8, O, O, O. O, O, O, O, O, GC, O, O, O. O, O, O, O, O, O

Oo, O.

hed 0, O, O, O, O, 0, O. 0, 0. o. . The above would represent the number 5722, and Oo, oO. 0, O, O, O, O, O, O, O. 0, O, O. ‘e

ference to said Roger’ : : : 4 ae ae -— ‘ew gaa ee ee Se Here the number expressed is 1572, and per the Th number thus expressed is 1928, and per said the number expressed is 5603, and stands “ WILL YOU SHOW THE NUMBRX THAT REPRESENTS YouR $8me Code, stands fer a “ rou . ” Name 9? WagrRe ARE you Bound?’? Waar is your Carco?”’ Have You ayy ? (RED LIGHT.) (GREEN LIGHT ) Fig. 2 P Fig. 1 gz MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTION.

SI Tyee In our engravings. Figs. 1 and 2. represent Vertical Sections through the Hie iw— wheel-bouse. In them E F and G H represent portions of the main Shaft.

R ———

In Fig. 1, I J is a stout Iron or Wooden post, fastened against the side of the wheel-house, directly over the main shaft On the upper part of this post, is fitted the moveable arm or crane N O, to the main shaft is fitted the bevel wheel S, and to the lower end of the rod a b, is fitted a corresponding wheel T. U is asmall pinion on a b, which gears with the spur wheel, V, which in turns gives motion to the wheels, P and Q, and so revolves the lamp R. It

INS AY Wy) sill be seen that a Rotary mo:ion is given to the lamp, when the main ehaft XX a It can be disconnected by a lever, acting between the bosses X, which he ; i CC Fig. 2 is another arrangement, for the same purpose. In this, K L.repre- ie ANS sent a hollow Shaft, on which is firmly fastened, the arm L M, on which is the WW Ay Jantern. The hollow post is secured to the wheel-bouse by the straps K and s W A B, and it can turn freely in them, the other part being the same in them as in ‘ RQ QQAAAY

fig. 1

: The lever K W, when drawn down, will turn the frame in any required position around the Shaft c U. In fig. 1, the arm or crane N O, may be ope- rated by cords from the wheel house, but in this device, the rod c U. does not a one a fig. eg its place, the lower end is made square, and on it “ WERE slides the short tube, shown in fig. 3. The lower end of the rod turns on 9

£ gs FOG S bridge, f g, spanning the main shalt. On the upper end of the tube, de,a lever is attached by means of boxes and collars as shown in fig. 4. This

r lever when raised carries with it the beveled wheel T, thus disconnecting the gearing apparatus.

ALBERT POTTS, Patentee, FHILADELPHIA, Pa.

a ae alo atime pre si 2 tide Te tas eS deel fees . ecru, es a " 0

224 American Gas-Light Journal.—January 15, 1862.

WARREWS PATENT WATER & ALARM GAUGE For Protecting the Flnes and Preventing Steam-Boiler Explosions.

This is a reliable High and Low Water De. tector, arranged so as to render it one of the best Water Gauges ever attached to a Steam- Boiler; always presenting before the Engineer at sight the exact height of the water, and if, by oversight or by sudden leakage, the water gets low in the boiler, it will cause an alarm before the water gets below the flues, thereby prevent- ing an explosion. This Gauge can be made to alarm at any point desired as a High Water Detector, thereby preventing the water from getting to that height as to be forced into the cylinder of the engine, often causing serious accidents. Thus it is a High as well as a Low water Detector. For sale by

Warren & Banks,

158 Centre st., corner of Canal st., New York,

Where a Gauge is constantly in operation.

Gba: Joun Russell & Co, Srr,

Patent Tube Makers,

THE OLD TUBE WORKS, WEDNESBURY, AND THE ALMA WORKS, WALSAL, STAFFORDSHIRE,

69 Upper Thames St., & 5 Charles St., Soho, London;

And 85 Granby Row, Manchester, England.

The original Manufacturers of WROUGHT-IRON GAS TUBES, and the Inventors of the Lap- welded Tubes for Locomotive and Marine Boilers. All kinds of TUBES and FITTINGS, whether for Gas, Steam, or Water. Galvanized and Composition Tubes. Chandeliers, and every kind of Brass work for Gas and Steam.

STOCKS, DIES, AND TAPS OF ALL SIZES. CAST-IRON PIPE AND GAS-METERS. All Goods Warranted,

Sterling Gas-Regulator,

Improves the Light and Saves a Large Per Centage of Gas. MANUFACTURED BY THE WHEELER & WILSON SEWING MACHINE COMPANY. It is well known that Printers require the best and most brilliant light In proof of the superiority of these Machines over all others, the following New York establishments are using them, and testify to their excellence :—New York Times, New York Herald, New York World, New York Tribune, New York Sun, Journal of Commerce, Courier & Enquirer, Evening Post, The Zietung, Dispatch, Leader, Scientific American, Advertiser and Spectator, Independent, Daily News, Harper’s Monthly and Weekly, Transcript, Mercury, Atlas, Life Illustrated, Albion, Spirit of the Times, AMERICAN Gas- Licat Jovenat, Christian Enquirer, Churchman, Church Journal, Christian Advocate, Christian Ambassador, Christian Intelligencer, Observer, Sanday Times, Sunday Courier. : By order of the New York and Brooklyn Common Councils, these Regulators are now used in the City Halls, Police Stations, Markets, and other Public Buildings in both cities. They are Warranted by the WHEELER & WILSON SHWING-MACHINE Co., 505 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, To keep in order, and always maintain the pressurs of the Gas at the lowest point for a brilliant light and economical combustion. They are so constructed that wnder no circumstances can the Sareery get into the Meters, or in any way injure them.

Gas, Steam, Smoke, . Pure Water & Soil Pipe, ©

FROM JOSEPH CLIFF Wortley Fire-Brick Works, Leeds, England. 1

T. W. PARMELPE, Asgt., No, 4 Irving Place, N, Y,

King Brothers,

Stourbridge, England, Fire-Brick And Retort Works.

HEAD on MOUTH PIECE &

Section

Yy vy, By Lye it; G KING BROTHERS beg especially to call the attention of Gas Companies to the superiority of their Retorts, which are made from the celebrated STOURBRIDGE FIRE-CLAY. Mr. King has patented a Kiln for Burning Retorts, by which Patent all Cold Air is excluded from the Kiln while burning, thus rendering them

Free from Cracks and Correct in Form. By great care in Manufacturing, combined with the advantages in Burning, a VERY SMOOTH SURFACE is obtained, rendering them less liable to carbonize.

RETORT OVENS, FIRE-BRICKS, GUARDS, SADDLES, RABITTED BURS, FLUES, AND QUARRIES, ARE ALL MANUFACTURED OF THE SAME QUALITY OF CLAY.

Every Retort And Brick Is Branded “King Brothers, Stourbridge.”

Apply to E. W. Barstow, 83 Maiden Lane, New York, where samples can be seen.

Harris & Pearson,

‘ Proprietors Of

\Best Glass-House Pot & Crucible Clay.

Manufacturers of Fire-Bricks, Gas-Retorts, and Gless-House Furnace-Bricks of every description. AMBLECOTE FIRE-CLAY AND BRICK WORKS, STOURBRIDGE, ENGLAND.

Cowen’S Patent Fire-Clay Retorts.

JOSHPH COWEHKN & Co.,

p BLAYDON BURN, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, Have always been, and are still, the most extensive manufacturers of FIRE-CLAY RETORTS in the United Kingdom, and were the only parties to whom a Prize Medal was awarded at the Great Exhibition, in London, 1851, for

“Gas Retorts, And Other Objects In Fire-Clay.”

J. C. & CO. make Fire-Clay Retorts of all shapes and dimensions, and to fit existing mouth-pieces. ; Orders for FIRE-CLAY RETORTS, TILES, BEARERS, and other articles in Fire-Clay, receive immediate attention, and are promptly executed at their Works, as above. Drawings of Settings adapted for Cowen’s Patent Fire-Clay Retorts supplied.

Agents, Messrs. Mead & Bell,

13 CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK, N. B.—J. C. & CO.’S RETORTS are well adapted for smal] Gas-Works, as they can be used without an Exhauster.

i : ie

‘oat ily “Uiubn bite STOUR wh

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