The American Gas Light Journal 1877-08-16: Vol 27 Iss 436

1877 · Historical

The American Gas Light Journal 1877-08-16: Volume 27 , Issue 436. Digitized from IA1630615-03 . Previous issue: sim_pipeline-gas-journal_1877-08-02_27_435 .…

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DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, & GENERAL SCIENCE.

VOLUME XXVII.-No. “ NEW YORK, THURSDAY. AUGUST 16, 1877 {eee

Whole No. 436

A. M. CALLENDER & CO., Proprietors, FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE, which, in themselves, may seem of small account G. WARKEN DRESSER, Editor, AMER. GAS LIGHT ASSOCIATION. from the fact that they are easily overcome, but — which should be placed on record where others ‘ r +. er . mav have e benefit of the exnerience acauire CONTENTS. The fifth annual meeting of the A clat ay have the benefit of the experience Pg . 4 . t me - It is the possession of information of this kinc i s#- An asterisk denotes an illustrated article will be held at Cincinnati, O., 0 WT COROSURY hin} oe i led lto di 4 -- which really cons ‘s knowledge ; dis- Psepeiaeee... Oct. 17, 1877. Members are requested to pre- wh really constitute nowledge ; an ¥ ai nate knowledee ; o its ‘TS Is

Fifth Annual Meeting of the American Gas Light Asso- pare papers on any subject connected with gas ™ minate knowledge among its members is the

. elation. . aaa : ssverse tees senses ; csnltuen ed te confer. with the Socrotary son bject of the various Assoc iations which are form

lhe American Gas Light Association pe C . Pre ed for the mutual benefit of the members of vari-

Proceeding of the American Gas-Light Assoviation cerning the same HAS ET! TON, HeC ¥., of

Meeting for 1875 and 1876 5 etteatterd 67 117 Broadway, New York. 0U8 Professions. ’

Lighting Railway Cars with Gas 67 The committee in charge of the arrangements Cantor Lectures—The Chemistry of Gas Manufacture 68 ; x a for the next meeting are moving in the matter, British Asseciation of Gus Manager-. ih: THE AMERICAN GAS-LIGHT ASSOCIA- : Oe:

ete, “y : re . and everything will be done to make all these Gas -Light Inteiligence coke ae oa wt TION. . ‘ 3 The Gas Controversy—J. T. H. to Mr. Geo. S. Dwight 74 : preparations as comple te as possible, to secure a Average Stature of Men oeecerece conses¢ ceccecee OS The Fifth A 1 Meet cs large attendance, and a very comfortable and, we . tases Thr Substances 75 ie Filth Annual Meeting of thi ssociation : ais ees ;

On the Diffusion of Gases Through Absorbing Substances 75 ee trust, profitable visit to Cincinnati. Let every Spas babor wet cvecsbeccececcesseceeecees SOP WIL be held at Cincinnati, Ohio, next October. ; harvest 16 ae . man be ready to answer to his name when the Vest Uhicasro Gas... oo vececses oc cerseene sreeereereceee 101 Te ig to be hoped that thore will hx ry fu at . 1 OLEE Wace Genpamninn Detadge im California. ave Tt . - roll is calle d. Trade Notes from Scotland 65. iignninn ae tendance, and that the members will go pr pared Vaniila as a Waste Product in the Manufacture of Paper.. 77 to contribute facts, each his individual share, to ores a a ae - Metals, Weigh's aud Measures eee 78 make the meeting one of interest and benefit t PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN Test for Sulphur iu Organic Compounds 73 i] the t , . GAS-LIGHT ASSOCIATION MEETINGS

au concerned, if ime has passe Wie there

FOR 1875 AND 1876. can be any doubt as to the great efits fi WISHING TO MAKE THIS JOURNAL an Organ Of intelligent dis- . 5 ae : sonst

ing from these meetings The gathering together i ‘ aE 2 . ig

cussion to those ef our readers who may wish to gain or give f tical f 1] : The committee, consisting of the President, i or practical men [rom alli sections of the country . r1.:

nformation on the subjects to which its columns are devoted, I ; J? Secretary, and Mr. W. H. White, who were

é oO compare notes, a mpart to each other the 3 . ‘ : the publishers solicit letters from all among them who make we oo ry , and in paige pon oe the charged with the publishing of the above pro-

results arrived at in practice dur yr the vear is ‘ . ‘ Lhe study of these subjects a pleasure, or a profession. hasty oo 5 Me year 18, ceedings, have completed their labors with credit

of itself, one of the greatest benefits of the meet- ae ag f t] : both to themselves and the Association. The 4 Subs : . ings, even if there were no regular papers re on q Subscribers would confer a favor upon us by remitting “"' ; ee pa} r volume is one that every gas maker should have, 4 CHECKS, or POST OFFICE MONEY ORDERS, as we are discussed. It is to be hoped that the marked ir Beats 5 tices aaa : as there are many things of practical value con 3 frequent losers where money is enclosed in letters. provement w hich characterized the meetine of : . cH : : ; Z tained therein. There is one feature of the book , — last year will be fully sustained. and that those of int nian siheail ttenti 1 that . : . . which 18 worth Oo marticula f The price of this Journal is, in advance, $3.00 per An- the profession who take a pridi their ealliy : cis I + Paver roe ee wes num, Single Copies Fifteen Cents. inked ean Median Undies bel © "5+ is the index, which is very complete and full, and and are devo ig thelr best taients ft the ievel- 1 . . ‘ t of tt 3 ‘ is arranged both with reference to subjects dis- opment of the science of gas making, will at once . s@~ News AGENcy.—The American News Company, - ae y cussed, and the names of those who took part in Chamber street, New York agents for this Journal. 44 “ey Have hot already begu nence the! the discussion of each subject. The work is News dealers will please send orders to them. reparation of such papers as they may deem to ° " ‘ ; - - ‘ ; pay . y deen neatly bound in cloth, and a copy will be furnish- e O interest, and appear at tl! next meeting a as : , : on ; ‘PI ed each member of the Association. &s®~ All communications to be addressed to “Whe Pros prepared with facts and figures to make the dis prietors,’? No. 42 Pine Street, Room 18, New York. : a2 i us : — ; Cussions more valuable than vy that have pre- - 2 “ : ee dedea , LIGHTING RAILWAY CARS WITH GASB ceaed, OUR SUBSCRIBERS AND PATRONS. Seeeateest & TO . To any one who reads the papers that are pre- ; : i ted a 1 at tl pal alee Soe In the proceedings of the British Association, ‘ sented and read a he meetings ot the various 3 ; In making remittances for subscriptions, always procure a foreign A ti t : “3 x n ~nother column, we give a paper prepared by 2 orels ASSOCIATIONS, articularly nose of our ‘ 1 . r draft on New York, or a Post OFFICE MONEY ORDER, if pos- 5, lie h bret! 2 oe ee Mr. Sugg on the above topic. Weurge a careful . Lngish brethren, one tact must be very apparent 1 . i j sible. Where neither of these can be procured, send the . 8 ‘ y 8p} reading, and we cannot express our vleWs On the i 4 V1Z., that they do not strive so much to present . . . money, but always in a REGISTERED LETTER, ‘The registra- th ; mi if Importance of this subject better than is done by 4 eories as facts derived from actual "len 1 , ° Z 4 tion fee has been reduced to ten cents, and the registra- ; 3 2 an by xperi the London Journatl, as follows & ‘ a 5 aay bs Showing wherein success has bee ittained. and ¥ Tee: ¥ tion system has been found by the postal authorities to be la tee Miele te. Sos Bethe y We continue, to-day, the publication of the papers actually an absolute protection against losses by mail. ALL “ iad wr rankly giving the failures and © reasons read at the recent meeting of the British Association 2 Postmasters are obliged to register letters whenever request- therefor. of Gas Managers. The lighting of railway Carri ges 3 2 ed to do 80. The paper W hich we gave our readers in our by G48 1S & matter of much interest to Gas Companies, i viii last. on “ Street Lichtit 1 4 since its general adoption would lead to a considerable ¥ - GSepaene P iphting, : oie ‘"s increase of consumption. We believe that what has 7 on “Lighting Railway Carriages 1der Low hitherto stood in the way of its more extensive em- NOTICE, é 2 PARSE ay Se Se 63 . Pressure,” are striking examples, ployment has been the want of fa tight holder, or, ra- “FT All Collections for Advertisements, Subscriptions, etc., are There are little thinc Si Tac ae ins ther, a holder which would not allow of the inter-dif- made directly from this Office. We have Agents to solicit the same EO ShOkas unEs OCCUITINE aim ©very fusion of gas and air. This want Mr. Sugg has sup Uhey re not authorized to Receipt for Money. day, in the experience of different gas managers, plied, and we now expect to see gas more largely em-

for more reasons than one would be ¢ ito et rid of the use of oil. If, then, gas be laid on ¢ tions In the manner pointed ont by Mr. Suge, the ab solute economy involved in its employment will at once be appreciated. In the remarks we made, some time ago, on the use of Pintsch’s compressed petrole

um gas on the St. Joh Wood line, we expressed no opinion as to the value of the lights, We simply ir vited our readers to go and see for themselves We

may say, however, to day, that, ir ! light is very inferior con pared with tl at dinary gas as em] loyed on the Meti ypolitan line Mr. Sogg shows, too, that in reality it

all things taken into acco

s dearer; and int 1t is probably more cost ly than Mr. Sugg makes out. It may be an adva to be able to store under a carriage sufl lent gas tor twenty-four hours consumption; but, after all, the light afforded is the true test of val

er that ordinary gas, even as now ; perior mode of illnmination Gas Companies may be thankful to Mr. Sugg for having given sucb a carefu study to this matter,

Cantor Lectures. The Chemistry of Gas Manufacture. By A. Esq., M.A., F.R.S.

Vernon Harcourt

Lee's Reader in Chemistry at Christ Church and one of the Metropolitan Gas Referees From the London Journal of the Socicty of Arts

Seconp Lecrure.—Monday, Marcu 12

The solution of the strength of the acid,

ammonia is made of just half

so that two measures of

this solution will neutralise one measure of the

acid. Now, supposing the liquor I am testing is exactly 16-ounce liquor, I should find, when the distillation was complete, that the litmus would just have acquired a neutral color. But suppos ing the liquor is net so strong, and that 4 ¢.¢. of standard ammonia have to be added at the end of the operation to neutralise the remaining acid, the volume of acid neutralised by the distillate is

l4¢.c., and the liquor tested is 14-ounce

bidjuor, That is a very simple and convenient way of esti- mating the value of a sample of liquor

Another process, which is still simpler, requir

ing no application of heat, an lL no watching, but

occupying a rather longer time, can be with the compact apparatus which I hold in my hand,

+

It consists of a ground glass plate small

into which a measure of acid is put, erucible

supported on a triangle over the dish, which 1s charged with a measure dl quantity of ] quot and a pinch of lime, and, lastly, a bell-glass atands upon the glass plate, and encloses the smaller vessels.

The ammonia is not given off very quickly, so

that there is no fea

r ol any loss aurn the hall-

minute required to discharge the p pet nto the erucible, and place the bell jar over it again, Ammonia 18 so volatile whe In aque ss lution, that if we take some solution of ammonia and pour it into a flat dish, and examine it a few

hours afterwards, we find it contains po ammonia

at all The ammonia escapes wholly into tl ! Therefore, if we have in separate vi els, within the same enciosure, a lution of ammonia anda

liquid which will combine with ammonia, ind

will absorb and fix it the course of time—and tis only a few hours that is required—the whole of the monia will have rred itself to the liquid which 18 capal f bit wit So that, ne mie sured t ( tl wel vessel, nd the amn Wiwaciu yuo! uppel vessel, it only remains to let them stand through the night, and in the morning to determine as before, wit tandard ! the qu tv o acid which remains unneutralised The

tion 18 just the sameé Ss in the former cast

I come now to the question of the purificati

Aire

rican Gas 2

+

ight

Aournal.

Ang. 16, 1877.

of gas from ammonia, an operation which needs

to be accomplirhed for two reasons. The pr

ammonia in gas is undesirable, because

ence of ammonia has a prejudicial action, especially upon brasswork, and its combustion produces some of oxides of nitrogen

the corrosive But also the

whole of the ammonia is very well worth collect

ing

Owing to the volatility of wl I was spe ¢ ust now, the condensation of the gas does not remove the ammonia completely, and it is neces

sary to en ploy some other mean

commonly employed is washing with water ; and

the most usual mode of applying water is by

means of a scrubber. In this vessel the g

still holds ammonia ascends through the materi

with which the serubber is filled,

or 1t may be boards or other ma-

a current of water is allowed to de-

z

ugh the same,

But it is not easy to secure the distribution of both gas and water over the whole of the contents of the sernbber If we fill such a tower as is

shown in the drawing with any material, say coke,

and allow a small quantity of water to run down, the water will by no means spread itself over the whole of tl

ie contents of the tower, but, on the

contrary, it will make for itself a watercourse, and

will follow that. This depends upon a fact which

we have often oceasion to observe, that solid materials are

they are dry as when they have already been wet-

ted. If we watch rain falling on a window-pane,

we see the drops run quickly where the glass is

already wet, and hang, or move slowly, where the glass is dry. Thus it happens with the coke in the scrubber ; where the water has trickled and found its way, the water will continue to run, but where th: But, of independently, and

remain dry. course, the gas chooses its

route prefers those

water descencing, Therefore, it may well be the case that the water which we use to take out the ammonia will follow one set of channels, llow another. A

ment of shelves, after the manner of Coffey’s still,

CAS will fo itic arrange

system

is better than any hap-hazard arrangement such as filling the tower with a material like coke. Be-

sides scrubbers, there is also another class of ves-

sels for apply water, called washers. I shall

not attempt to describe the various forms of

washers which have been proposed.

The princi em all is that the liquid is stored in a tank, and the gas is forced through a few f bubbles at a

inches of the q uid in streams of

multitude of different pots. I have set up here, partly in illustration, partly

hecause I venture to think the particular form a good one for the purpose, a small washer, which I have made out of a piece of glass tubing. An obtuse double bend has been made in the tube at

at it consists oI seve-

intervals of four inches, so t

ral portions which are parallel, and are now

placed horizontally, connected by shorter por

tions, which are inclined. Two smaller tubes at

al, passing throug] the corks whit h el Re

it, serve for the inlet and outlet of gas and water At the upper end water enters at the rate of one drop every two or three seconds, The water st ds in a series of shallow pools, where the tube

is horizontal, and flows in a slow stream down the

asses first into this three-ne eke d be t tle , at the bottom of which L have piace 1 some a, and thence into the wer end of Asmall jet is attached

hird neck of the bottle ; and the gas, afte ing through the tube, escapes by a similar jet,

pass-

not so easily wetted by water when

coming—ea ch molecule in its tun

surface has once got dry, that part will

open

spaces where there is no counteracting current of

and the

I will pow try whether there is any difference

in the amount of ammonia in the gas as it issues from the bottle, and after it has passed through You see that the color of the paper re- mains wholly unchanged,

Che way in which my small apparatus works is by exposing each portion of the gas to successive portions of water, of which each is purer than its

redecessor The gas does not bubble through but only passes over its surface, and, therefore, the apparatus does not so much resem-

ble a washer as Coffey’s still, with its shelves

spread out horizontally. I doubt whether its ac- tion could be improved by forcing the gas through the liquid or agitating it with each portion of the liquid successively,

According to the molecular theory of the con- stitution of gases, which bas now attained a high f probabiltty, gases are not at rest when we are not causing them to move, but are of them- state of

rapid and continual motion.

t f

i calculated tnat the molecules of hy-

lroge at the ordinary pressure, and at the tem- peratur the freezing point, are moving about with an average velocity exceeding one mile a

Now

about, striking

f it is the case that gases are moving in all directions, cansing a pres- which their elasticity exhibits, by virtue of the continual lmipact of their molecules on the sides of the ntaining ve ssel, they also, without

our using force to drive them through, must be

1 ]

into collision

with any liquid surface with which they are in

contact, or over which they pass. And, therefore,

this case, the gas

bubbling through the liquid, or forced into con-

when, as in is not anywhere tact with it, but only streaming over its surface, nevertheless, as each particle of gas is, with an inconceivable rapidity, zig-zagging backwards and forwards between the upper surface of the glass and the water, this moetiou provauces, without re- quiring the application of any external force, ac-

tual contact between every part of the gas, and

the liquid spread out beneath it

But what is required, in order that the puriti- cation should be complete, is that the gas should be successively exposed to fresh portions of the liquid used to purify it. This is absolutely neces- sary where the liquid, as in the case of a solution of ammonia in water, is

the gas,

one which does not fix but only reduces its tension.

When ammon ia is dissolved in water, it still

certain tension,

POSSE SSeS a

according to the

of the solution ; and if we have a solution

strengtl of ammonia sufficiently saturated, ammonia will remain asa gas undissolved upon its surface as it would over the surface of mereury : and this teu- sion of ammonia in solution only ceases when the solution becomes indefinitely dilute. Thus, by no amount of agitation, and no length of exposure, could we wash ammonia out of another gas with water which already contains a small quantity of but the time occupied in the exposure of the that

ammonia being removed, and other

ammonia short time will serve ;

gas to

ive quantities of Liquid which con-

does not contain any, being substi-

Li’

tuted for it. And no arrangement vf washer or

scrubber will accomplish anything like a perfect

purification of gas from ammonia, which does not

provide for a compl te re hewal of the washing Where that which is employed to remove the ammonia is a substance which can fix it, this condition is not take a b water, and

the h li

necessary. For example, if I ttle of ammonia, and pour into 1t some shake up the water in the bo ttle, and ld a piece of turmeric or litmus paper in

the bottle, to see

whether the ammonia is remov-

ae!

pai fia Aug. 16, 1877.

Amevican Gas ZLinl

ed, I find it is not; and if I were t

prolong the shaking for any length of time, still, however much the volume of water exceeded that required to dissolve the ammonia, it would never so take it out but that I should find enough in the bottle to show with test paper that ammonia was pres ent. Butif, instead of water, 1 took sulphurie acid, ora solution of sulphate of iron, or any liquid which combines with ammonia to form a fixed substance, then the removal would be complet: But, using water only, the frequent and complete renewal of the water is essential to the suecess of the operation. I have spoken of the substances which are eo

densed in the form of tar, as we call the mixed

liquid, from gas. Now, ib is a question wl must have occurred to eve ry one who has seen the process of tar distillation, how it comes to pas that substances so volatile as are the lighter dis tillates from coal tar, and so exceedingly valuable in respect of their illuminating power, are always

]

being removed in the process of coal ga facture. I mav perhaps illustrate the illumina ting power and volatility of one of these substances by a simple exneriment. I have here an appara- tus for making hydrogen, and I have arranged a pair of tubes so that I can either pass the hydro- gen directly toa burner, where it gives a very feeble light, as you see, or I can make it pass over some of this substanee which has been got out of the coal gas—namely, benzol, which is the first of the substances distilled off from coal tar, and the most volatile When the hydrogen FAs is passed over the benzol, it mixes with the vapor of benzol, and the mixture of the two burns with a very luminous flame; but if I open thy communication again, so as to allow the hydrogen to pass directly to the burner, there is hardly any light produced, That illustrates the volatility end illuminating power of one of the substances which are removed from coal mas, How comes it to pass that these substances are removed ?

I will try to illustrate the matter by another experiment. I have here a little coal gas in a giass cylinder over water, and I have placed an india-rubber band round the eylinder, so as to mark the height at which the water stands. Now, I will pass up through the water into the eylinde a few drops of a volatile hydrocarbon. You see at once, to some extent, and rather more when I agitate the liquid so as to promote its diffusion, that the water sinks to a lower level. That hap- pens because the substance, being very volatile, exercises a considerable tension. We have now, under the same pressure, and at the same temper- ature as before, a volume of gas which is increas- ed by about one-half. If I now take a portion, not of the same liquid, chemically spe aking, but still of a liquid which was distilled from the very same sample of petroleum, differing only in being of a higher boiling point than the portion which I first passed up, what is the effect I shall pro duce? I shake the cy linder a little, to bring the liquid last added into contact with its other con- tents, and the effect is, that instead of this liquid adding its portion of vapor to that which the jar already contained, on the contrary, it has pro- duced a considerable reduction of volume: and if I were to add a little more, the volume would nearly return to that which the coal gas oceupied originally, This illustrates what happens in the condensation of the hydrocarbons produced by the destructive distillation of coal. If they were Without action one upon another, we should have some little addition to the volume of the gas, and & more considerable addition to its illuminating power. But these substances are, in fact, solvents

one of the other ; and just as we can wash ammo-

eation OF gas trom two ot

i¢ acid and sulphuretted thiad, for t of sul} there are tw es W empl] t t

these subst Del

for which it em} ]

rify gas ted

tage, that t

when r¢ ved by f ly int l i sulphur I

Moy DV il ‘ (

over l ove! Lbstance t for purineation ave here a sample of ] other in the conaditi

the purifiers after it has bee

sample has already lost a litt which it had when I first p dually, by exposure to the

color entirely, and becomes as the other sample, wl which it is placed the pm

change which is now taking p action of the xygen ol the was oxide when fi t put converted into sulphide by the phuretted hydrogen of t] verted into oxide; the sulp] bined with it being separated eondition,

Now, although oxide 1 ir with lime the purpose of 1 hydrogen, it does not serve pose of removing carbonic acid earbonie acid in is inj sumer, but the maker I luminating powe l if tl is deficient owl!

it has to be nel ed by

ally employed. ‘Tosome ext is removed in the operation serubbing, for it il forms a solid and solu sulphuretted hydrogen by the action of ammo be readily obtained, and can be brought to bear on thie

The process devised by Mr. H in use in the South Met:

pe ars to met Le in Aaa! production of am ‘ for the pl rificat i of ¢

in exposing gas juor t similar to those I ence scribing tlie mannfact

with this difference, t

less relative ly to ft

quor, and therefore the tempe1 so high. The result of be explained as follow We

niacal liquor as being a solut

ammonia, sulphuretted hydroge

three gases are unequally soluble, very much the most soluble; sul- lrogen next in order, but much less mmonia; and carbonic acid much still. Now, gases are less soluble as the temperature of the dissoly- igher, and consequently, when by water we diminish the solubility ey are given off in a proportion verse order to their solubility. liquor is heated so that the

have to pass over an entering

liquor, it parts first and most

nie acid, then with sulphurett-

nd not until it is pushed much t irt wit! i 1Onla, By so re-

temperature that there shall be al

‘nt quantity of eold ior, the heat may be ke pt at that rbonie acid and sulphuretted hy-

ven out and ammonia is retained ;

this process continuously, the

"dad . . lrawn off contains ammonia which free from ecarbonie acid and sul

lrogep, The earbonie acid and sul

l hydrogen are passed through a purifier

T A t+ retted port rd

‘ sa hws

] fit a

ron The carbonic acids es- ir—and it is clearly better that it

t away into the air than that lime

to remove it, which has first l from its own earbonie acid by The sulphuretted hydrogen

that no nuisance 18 produced, and

you by an experiment, the different these gases upon which the above ls. I have here three tubes, each

ve filled with one of the three gases,

d I will now open them under water. In the

ite G CLs it

; t ] ‘ ‘ ; ) r 3p T ? eX

filled with carbonic acid, you see

diy rises at all, the gas being only

ble In the one containing sul

lrogen, it rises rather more, and in

I t , and with the help of agitation,

led with water, the gas being

d; but you see that in both eases

eds sl wly. Now I will compare tube filled with ammonia. The

ve the cork, the water shoots up tube. You see the great differ sclubility between these gases.

letain you for a few moments to il- removal of sulphuretted hydrogen washing it with ammonia, using tube with the liquid flowing along I ve to make my gas impure to

I have placed in the three-necked iacal liquor, which will no

ficient quantity of sulphuretted

ym testing the gas as it leaves the ay} f lea ly iper, you see the paper lire ‘tly ; now I will test it at the

ter it has passe d along the bent glass

hic the solution of ammonia is effect on the lead paper, though

hesa most delicate test for min- ulphuretted hydrogen. Thave experiment several times; for the ratus really surprised me by its

it it should be possible thus, with

pping at this slow rate, to remove

hw cr¢ irom gas so completely.

experiment in the same way when through even more rapidly, not ntact with the ammonia, but

ed SUCCESSIVE ly to fresh proportions

phuretted hydrogen has ly removed,

7O

—

American Gas Light Aournal.

Aug. 16, 1877.

British Association of Gas Managers.

Continued from page 54. Turspay June 12

Mr. Pearson, on behalf of Mr. W. Sugg, who was

unable to be present, read a paper on

Lighting Railway Trains With Coal Gas At Low Pres_ Sures.

In seems evident that in a short time the system of lighting railway carriages with oil will be superseded, and some other and better mode of lighting substitu ted for the present uncomfortable, inefficient, and ex- pensive method.

Already petroleum has been tried in various ways, and at this moment it is really being used in the liq uid state on some of the railways. There is certainly an improvement in light given, and probably there is a saving as to cost. But petrolenm has never been so prepared that it can be used without danger. Itis at once admitted that there have been gas explosions, and damage has been done to life and property during the last 40 or 50 years; that gas has been gradually brought into use, and the public have been trained in the use of it. explosions, and their lamentable frequency during the

But the awful nature of the petroleum

few years that it has been employed for artificial light- ing, have clearly demonstrated that it cannot in any way approach the high degree of safety which has now been attained in the use of coal gas. As to cleanli- ness and freedom from odor in burning, gas leaves it very far behind. It has been always a matter of won- der to the writer that the public, and more especially the educated people, have gone on using petroleum lamps when they might have found a safer, better, and a more cleanly and economical illuminating agent in gas.

But then gas basa minute quantity of sulpbur in it, and this amount. and the damage it does, has been most pathetically dilated on in Parliament during th: last few weeks. The ghost of the never-to-be-forgot- ten old boot has ag.in been resuscitated , however, this time, with considerable diminished ef- fect. Backs of books and pictures have, as usual, been terribly ill-used, and the whole paraphernalia and scenic effects of the old farce have been furbish- ed up and trotted out before a cemmittee, who, after a careful examination, have signified their opinion pretty plainly that there is nothing whatever in it.

No one has ever been able clearly to show either

it is true,

discomfort or injury from the products of burnt gas. But, surely, no one who has experienced the nauseous sickening odor exhaled from petroleum lamps, such as are used in tramway carriages, the dwelling of the poor, ay, and even in some of those used in houses inhabited by the wealthier classes, can fora moment contend that petroleum isso healthy an’ inodorous as gas. Of course, where the most expensive lamps and highly-refined petroleum, almost free from sulphur, are used, then the lighting by petroleum is more suc cessful; but, in quantity of light, cheapness, and handiness, it follows far in the rear of coal gas.

It may be fairly stated that, if a badly-ventilated room were lighted to the same extent with beat petro- leum oil, as it usually is with gas, the atmosphere of that room would be rendered much more heated, vit iated, and a greater quantity of carbonic acid would be produced.

The heat from a light, equal to 12 candles, produc- ed by petroleum is, in round numbers, one-third more than that produced from the same light given by 14- cubic feet of air,

Such

candle gas, and it will vitiate 112 whilst the latter will only vitiate 80 cubic feet oils, however, as these, cannot, by reason of their high price, be used for railway and tramway carriages therefore it is that there must be both danger and dis- comfort in making use of such inferior oils as will at all approach ges in point of economy.

In fact, it is within the personal knowledge of the writer, that a petroleum lamp exploded ia first class

railway carriage,'seriously burning the cushions, clear- ly showing what a frightful accident would have en-

sued if there had been any passeugers in it; provi dentially there were none. But, even with low-priced oils, there is the cost of

item of

waste to be added to the prime cost of the oil

trimming and cleaning, and the important

1g While, however, it is an easy matter to get at the cost of the supply of gas, it is very difficult to get at the cost of petroleum, principally because of the dif- ferent illuminating powers of different qualities, and the laborin trimming. But, light for light, petroleum and gas stand about in the following relation. Metro- politan Railway carriages is 4 cubic feet to each bur- t feet

burned in a flat-flamed burner can asily be wade t

The quantity of gas burned per hour in the

ner. The gas varies from 16 to 18 candle gas;

) xive alight equal to 10 sperm candles—burned in a good Argand, it vives alight equal to 136 candles, The relative cost of petroleum to produce this result is shown in the Table No. 1. TABLE No. 1. Relative Cost of Petrolea duce a Light of 10 Sperm Candles, bur g 120 Grains per Hour. One pint of oil lasts seven hours, and costs 2°25d

mand 16-Candle Gas to

28 cubic feet of gas, at 3s 9d. per 1000 cnbie feet. costs 11d.

Oil double the cost of gas.

In this comparison it must be noticed that the pe trolenm lamp has a chimney, and that the light it is capable of giving is developed to the utmost. The gas, on the other hand, has no chimney, and is burn ed to a disadvantage; tut if the gas is burned, like

the lamp, to the best advantage. the result is very dif

ferent See Table ? Paste No. 2 Relative Cost of Petroleum and 16-Ca G ( I j 136 Spe Cu lex, ") 1°0 Grains per I ’ One pint of oil lasts four 16 cubic feet of gas, at

hours, and costs 2°25d. 3s. 9d. per L000 cubic feet, costs O-7d

Oil more than three times the cost of gas In each of these tables tbe results obtaincd have with the best

and with the best burners and cottons.

been refined oil at 1s. 4d. per gallon, If inferior oil, in which the risk of explosion is much

greater, had been used, the result would not have

been so good in amount and duration of light.

It must be clear from these tables that ordinary coal gas is much cheaper than petroleum oil

But there is another scheme for lighting railway carriages, and by this it is proposed to iight all trains in Great Britain with rich oil gas made trom petroleum or shale oil, and compressed into cylinders at a high pressure. ‘This plan has been reported upon bya committee of the Scciety of Arts, consisting of Profes- sor Abel, A. Beattie, A. Cassels, Lord Alfred Church hill, Major General Wilmot, Myles Fenton, and J Tomlinson.

The society offered a gold medal for an improved lamp, or means of illumination suitable for railway passenger carriages that shall produce a good, clear, steady, and durable light.

Twelve competitors presented themselves, some with oil lamps and some with gas.

It appears that Professor Barff occupied two days in testing them all, and having rejected most of them, the final selection fell npon a high-pressure system, which is described in the society's report as follows

‘*It appears that the gas is produced by a simple and not costly apparatus for distilling shale oil. It is then compressed to the extent of ten or twelve atmos pheres, and stored in metal cylinders. A supply suf-

ficient for use during 30 or 35 hours is, as required, taken into light wrought-iron holders at about six at- mospheres pressure, fixed beneath the carriages. The cylinders are provided with an ingenious arrangement by which the pressure is regulated and equalized, and the gas allowed to issue and supply the burners. The gas is burnt through a smail fishtail burner placed be- neath and close to a convex reflecting surface, in which a small slot is made to admit of the passage of heated air to the chimney.”

Che result of the trial made by the Metropolitau Railway Company, extending over a period of three weeks working, shows that the gas can be produced at the rate of 16s. 5{d. per 1000 cubic feet, and that the consumption per light per hour is 0°5983 of a cubic foot.

‘Coal gas for lighting,” says the report, ‘‘ and not compressed, as in use at present on the Metropolitan and District Railways, costs only 3s, 9d. per 1000 cu- bic feet at the rate of four feet per hour, instead of six-tenths of a foot

to do the work which 1000 feet of the Pintsch gas ac-

but its consumption is, in round numbers, that is to say, it takes 6500 feet of coal gas complished, at a cost of 24s. 44d. for the former, as

for the latter.

umps a Saving in the number of men

compared with I6s. 6d There is also with Pintsch’s employed, including those occupied in manufacturing the gas

five men in the one case, as against 18 in the

ind this may be taken in the proportion of other.” It must, therefore, be assumed by the report that gas of an illuminating power of 83°3 candles per 5 cu bic feet can be made for 16s. 6d per 1000 cubic feet. The report says nothing about the cost of compres-

sing it into cylinders at eight atmospheres of pres-

rhe estimate just given of the illuminating power of the gas is founded on the assumption that 16-can- dle gas had been allowed to give only a part of the light it is capable of doing—viz., 10 candles per 4 cu- bie feet of fe

gas, averageing 17 candles per 5 cubic

If the coal gas had been burned in an Argand bur- ner as good as the Gas Referees burner, giving 3°2 per cubic foot (and taere are many thousands ofjcom-

mercially made London burners in use by consumers

which give 3'4 per cubic foot of 16-candle gas con- sumed, or 13°6 candles for every 4 cuvic feet of such is), then 1000 feet of the Pintsch oil gas must, to do

what is stated by the committee, have been equal to 115 candles per 5 cubic feet.

It is unfortunate that in the report of the commit tee no indication of illuminating power is given: so that it is only possible, by going into such calculations as I have shown, that this important point in relation pricd can be discovered.

If the basis upon which the committee have found- ed their calculations has been the true value capable of being produced from the two gases, a very import- ant field of inquiry to gas engineers is at once opened up. For, if oil gas of either 83°3 candles per 5 cubic feet, or better than that of 113°3 candles per 5 cubic feet consumed can be produced for 16s. 6d. per 1000 cubic feet, then I presume it will become necessary to seriously consider whether it cannot, with advan- tage, be made use of for the supply of towns

But it is curious that we, to-day, find ourselves in the city which was for years lighted with oil gas, and nevertheless, ordinary coal gis has replaced it. ?

Rich compressed gas, regulated down to burning pressures, ina manner similar to that described in the Society of Arts report, has been for many years made and sold in Paris by the Compagnie Generale du Gaz Portatif, and many houses and factories are supplied with it, but it does not there successfully jival ordinary coal gas at 6s. 9d. per 1000 cubic feet. Made there on a large scale, it is probable that it is produced cheaper than would be possible on a small BC ale, and yet ordinary coal gas, delivered at low pres- sure, is gradually pushing it out of the market.

The portable gas supplied in Paris used to be made of Boghead cannel coal, until this fancy ,coal rose in price to such a degree as to prohibit its use as a gas- making material. It is now probably made of Lesma- hagow or some other cannelucoal, but he illumina- ting power of gas made from Boghead never commer- cially exceeds from 35 to 40 candles, and Lesmaha- gow only reaches 25 to 28 candles. Oil gas, made in the ordinary way, never exceeds from 40 to 45 candles, will not stand much compression with- It is, therefore, dif- ficult to understand how oil gas, even from petroleum,

and, as a rue,

out great loss by condensation.

j can be made for lts. 6d. per 1000 cubic feet, of so

ee eee

ot Hi Ok dh oe ig HE

Aug. 16, 1877.

American Gas

) Light

Houresaat. 71

rich a quality that 6-10ths of a foot per hour will give the light of even 10 sperm candles.

i Besides, such a righ quality of gas would scarcely burn in suck a flat-flame burner as that which is used in the lamps supplied with the oil gas in the trains running on the Metropolitan Railway.

There are several coaches fitted with the high-pres- sure gas running between Baker Street and the Swiss They are each fitted with two cylinders of iron, fixed under the bottom of the Each

cylinder has a cubical capacity of about 5 cubic feet.

Cottage. carriage. A well-made screw-down cock is fixed on to the side of the carriage, near the step, and is connected by two j-inch iron pipes to the ends of each of the cylin- ders. This cock serves for the supply of the high- pressure gas to the cylinders

A small pipe leads the gas from the cylinder to the governor, and from thence another small iron pipe conducts it to the lamps, which are fixed in the middle of the compartments of the coach.

This lamp ¢oes not greatly differ from the ordinary

oil-lamp in form. ‘lhe reflector, however, is slightly convex instead of, as in the usual form of lamp, con- cave. Asmall flat-flame burner may be said to replace t ewick of the oil.lamp.

The flame of the lamp is small and bright, about 14 inch high and inch wide, but it does not appear any brightex than ordinary cannel gas of 30 or 40 candles. Of course it is difficult to judge by the eye, with any- thing like accuracy, of the quantity of gas consumed, or of the value in sperm candles of such a flame, but the compartment does not present the appearance of being illuminated to the extent inferred from the ré port of the committee.

Test made June 2, 1877,

with good sight, Evening Standard, 8th page. —Smallest print not leg-

ible.

Next size, Births, deaths,” &ec., not legible.

Ordinary matter, with difficulty. Headings of para-

graphs, easily. In first-class compartments, lighted by two burners.

In fact, neither in Belgium, France, nor London has it appeared to the writer that the rich gases sup- plied fron: high-pressure cylinders show better prac tical results in lighting rooms or railway trains, than ordinary coal gas supplied at low pressures.

As to the question of cost, the information given in the Society of Arts report, silent as to the illumina ting power of the oil gas, and to its mode of manufac- ture, does not, in the opinion of the author, conclu- sively show that it is cheaper to use oil gas at 16s. 6d than 17-candle gas at 3s. %d. per 1000 cubic feet.

Therefore, although in such places as Russia ana parts of Germany, it becomes a necessity to compress the gas into cylinders at very high pressure, because of the impossibility of obtaining a fresh supply ex- cepting at very long intervals; yet, in the United Kingdom, where there is no difficulty in obtaining a supply of gas at Jow pressure in every town of any size, there can be no advantage in compressing the gas. No trainin the United Kingdom runs longer than two hours without stopping, and a sufficient quantity of gas can be conveniently stored in the train under the low pressure of 5-10ths of an inch to supply all the lights required.

For many years the Metropolitan Railway, the Met- ropolitan District Railway the North London, Great Northern, and other lines, have had trains running on their lines lighted with ordinary coal gas, and it has been found easy of application ani efficient in working.

There are two modes of storing luw-pressure gas in trains—both of these modes have already been men-

tioued in papers read before this Association—viz., one by Me 2. ¥. Hall, then gas superinte ndeut to the North Western Railway Company, at St. Martin's Hall, in May, 1866, and the other by Mr. John Johnson, at Leeds, in June, 1875.

In Mr. Hall's paper the system originally adopted by

the North London Railway was shortly described

vasholders are very heavy, but if they

The company carries the gas for the t t I present brake-vans The vasholders re tl ve ide in accordance with the principles describ- made of double india-rubber clot I h of a i further on, so as to give a pressure of only 6-10ths inch in thick: th f instead of more than 12-10tbs when full, 1c MNCKUeESS. I ( NU is ; and folded t ther, tl rubber hey conld readily be filled in about two minutes anc olde wrether, the ib be A ; : , a (2 tank mvenenen. mé ‘hey could sandwich fashion Che sides are kept in f y flat witl ich p ire on the main. ‘They l iron ribs 2 by 14 inch, covered wit - f t any station under the day (or 8-10ths) by tape : It tail bout 120 eubie feet of pressure ut eight minutes. No gasholders, ) : ICS. Coita Im AU i ‘ i i ; Zi There are 36 lights in a train of ( boilers, or other apparatus would be required. ach is 28 feet long, and they ar ymet must be noticed that trains on the North London coach 18 2 é ne. al ie) r 1 led into compartment n first-cla r one! ir io not require filling at intermediate stations, be- 0c f nents, €S in first-class ¢ i throughout their entire length, as in t d use they hold enough to enable them to make a mplete irney from one terminus to the other. coaches, t

The quantity of ¢ vonsumed it Supposing they were running over greater distances, 1@ que TULL Uv fas con: line ikl i . : 2 four cubic feet, and it is burnt throngs fishtail bu they con'd easily take gas at the peincipal stations,

On long journeys, the stoppages are always much ner. 1 long j j The method of charging the gas lescribed nger, and, therefore, the supply at ordinary pres- in Mr. Hall’s paper ted i sis much easier. It is only necessary to make 1 ir, alls paper in S66, COnSIS~ted 1D r . - vlindrical boiler with water, and the . tl vasholder sufficiently light to lift at about 5-10ths ec ( ct 0118 1th water, an the v ne a water to run out, and thus draw in the A ft< to ths pressure wards the water was allowed to run into the other system of storing low pressure gas 1s ; t adopte n the Metropolitan and Metropolitan again, and the gas was ympressed 1 lopted I M lita I ; third of its bulk under nsiderable 1 1 , trict Railways The gas for each coach is carried uird of its bulk under consideral pressure, son ; times even as much as bs t rh t € to} ’ ee leral 1 [The gasholders are long bags of vulcanized india- was conveyed a considerable distar it Bt I gasl 1 y 70 yards—in a 2-inch pipe to the trai At it r cloth, with rubber between, as before describ- fi ards oj 1 pipe to the trai he e1 f thi pipe an india-rubber and can BS e 40 feet long, and are provided with o S ) e@ an ial l er an r] of r tk ! d 1-rnbber cross-ties or stretchers, to having a diameter of inches, o1 , x about 60 feet long, was attached I t l of pt 1 f the bag in position ’ 1en they are the hose hada nozzl k with the nut ar f 1 with gas The roof of the bag is covered with 16 OBe a lOZZieC-COCK WILL he ning ; ‘ part of an union on it [he corre , nork af sheet of for ne y its whole length, tu give it this union was fixed to another nozzl tir pressure from under the end of the coach I Originally they were filled under a pressure of 9 o 1 1e end of the cos t le and both coc] nened. ti sncheq inches of water. The process adopted was that de- Ing been made ant OLN COCKS Opened, ( ed . into the gasholder with considerable 1 scribed in a paper on “‘ Railway Lighting,” read by filled in six or seven minut Mr. Wood, of Bury, in May 1866, to this Association. ¢ f ) ven i1utes ’ ’ This system very nearly ruined the suees f light. A large gasholder, capable of holding enough for the ing trains by low pressure ind prevented, there car ipply of two trains, was weighted soas to givea be no doubt the adoption of gas in many rl pressure equal to about 12 or 14 inches, Instead of

: being counterbalance iis holder was provided with quantity of water used was as much as the gas; t bell unterbalanced, this holde

extreme pressure in the boilers caused the i. % 1 powerful crab and chains, so that two men could lift 23 4 aused the gas be

‘ . haldar an 10 mn thea os Pye . i driven into the water, and destroyed the illuminating the Boldet and suck in the gas from the street main. power to a very great extent Two of these holders were fixed at the Moorgate

a 5 . - - a

More than this. the boiler was absolutely useless, Station, and two more of the same kind could be seen because the gas would have gone into the train gas ll within the last two or three years at the Mansion holder. as well as it does into any other holder at or. House Station of the Metropolitan District Railway. dinary pressures, if it only had eee Blied s nag Lhe suction on the mains when the gasholder was ei Gel ah wane processes and ay ile: ing filled was felt very much in the neighborhood, tions it is next to imy ossible to find tl ! tu und Mr. J nson, the chief inspector of The Gaslight first time ind Coke Company, was obliged finally to have them

The boilers have long since disappear: and ora. put out of action He then laid down larger mains dual improvements have been effected in tl! I la af t th at Moorgate Street and the Mansion House, and filling the gasholders, until within th ores the trains have since been supplied with gas without the railway company have, in co-operation with 4J the use of these holders Gas-light and Coke Company, adopted t f From the gasholder a 4-inch main, with branches, large supply pipes to the gasholder and the self-o} nducted the gas to each of the platforms. Hose- was and cl oe ae valves. invented by the writer of pipes, 20 feet long and about one inch in the bore,

@ § sing valves, inven y write bia Pl f paper made of very thick vulcanized rubber, were placed at

In each of them the valve is formed of frequent intervals to supply the gasholders on the india-rubber made in the form of a cuy lscoa hes ranged as to have a cushion of gaa behind 1 Each coach had fixed at each end an inch pipe with

gZ as f i nh Of va en) l eru so that. when it is closed by tl . , a 1 sharp elbow in the form of the letter L, the lowest f 9 l ( y" ne ] £ I : : cushion adapts itself to every part of ‘ el f which was supplied with a brass cock, with a a perfectly tight joint, and the pressure of net catch for the purpose of taking the gas from self assists in fitting the cushion to t] ‘ the level of the platform into the gasholder. Each of : bs . 5 s 4 Ai ) LE z ‘ :

At the mouth of each of the valves is a pr ting the hoses was provided with another and similar cock buffer, which forms part of the closing cust vith a nut to fit on the bayonet catch of the cock fix These buffers are adjusted to such a lengt} to meet &@ on the c cl each other when the hose and url s ar ] method of filling was to attach the hose-cock coupled up, and retain both of the valves open The e coach cock, and turn on both. In about from coupling action isa simple three-threaded bayonet 7 to 10 minutes, when the gasholder was full, both catch. About one-eighth of a turn draws both valves ‘ s were shut and the hose withdrawn. A key was together, and squeezes a washer in between then hained to the hose cock to enable the attendant to making the junction gas-tight during the f open them filling. When the holders are full, a slight t t At the time these expensive and troublesome gas- movement the other way uncouples both holders were at work, the writer ascertained, by they spring away from each other, and the es ins of a pressure gauge, applied at different points both closed. f the main from the gasholders up to the coaches,

The operation of filling the holders at each end of , that, in consequence of the smallness of the main of a Nor ondo f ses 14 minutes with 2? inches the chargir jipes fixed t @ coaches, hig

North London train takes $ minute ith inch : harging pipes, fixed to the coaches, the high pressure on the main. So that the filling operation pressure of from 9 to 12 inches dwindled down, during

is reduced from eight minutes with a 6-inch pressure the filling of the trains, to less than 14 inch on the L-

to 14 minutes with # 2-inch pressur pipe leading from the level of the platform to the top

American Gas Light Fournat.

Aug. 16, 1877.

)

so that,

holders might easily have

of the coach even at that time, the train gas

’

been filled at a pressure inches, in exactly the same time as they were filled

had

under a nine or 12 inch pressure, if the

wWains been large enough.

Gradually these obstructions have disapp: now each coach is supplied with the ing and closing valves, and a 2 sharp elbow, replaces the old 1-inch pipe A 9-inch at frequent intervals on

1es

main with 4-inch branches

each pl stform conducts the gas to the coac

horses, which are now tapering from 4 inches to 2 inches and 7 feet long, are fixed on swivel joints with mercury seals and each hose is provided wit} hos

valve, with a ball and socket joint to it, so that it ean be readily turned when making and breaking the con nection with the coach valve.

The method of filling is simply to take up the hos which hangs just under the platform, by means of a chain attached to the valve Insert the nozzle into the coach valve, and a slight twist to the right fixe it there, and at the same time pens both tt ves

The operation of filling lasts about o: minute during which time 120 feet of gas are sometimes put into the holders Phen a slight movem in the other direction disengages the valves and closes them When a train of seven coaches is being filled in ope minute, the demand for gas is at the rate of S40 faet

per minute, or 50,400 feet per hour t of

Kas sup-

A wet meter capable of passing 10,000 cubic fe

gas per hour at }-inch pressure measures the

plied. and the pressure on the main varies fh five inches to two inches. Of course with a 2-inch pres sure the thine re quire d for com} lete ly fillir Z woul

be about minutes. There are also filling ar inge ments exactly similar to this at Aldgate and Liverpool Street. The fitted with large mains and hoses. ter

pable of passing 15,000 cubic feet of g

Mansion House Station is now nearly

The principal me- at the Mansion House Station

isa wet meter,

‘A is per h yur, at The

there at present is 6 inches direct from the Beckton

three-quarters of an inch pressure.

pressure

main, but it will be reduced to 2 inches wheu the works are finished and all the trains are fitted. On

each coach on this line there was the same smal!

l cock and filling pipe as those on the Metrop litan line, and those have vearly all been removed, and large valves put in their places.

There still, however, remains an impediment to itself

rapid filling—viz., the entrance to the gasholder is a 1 or 14 inch although there isa 2

i hole, so that inch pipe leading up to the holder, the gas is restrict Wiich 18

ed at the penultimate point by an opening I bably for

very small. This will not be remedied

many years in the old coaches.

Thus the filling of the gasholders has been amply provided for. There still remain, however, some im

provements to carry out before the system of ligh by low pressure gas can be stated to be fairly tried. The first of these improvements is the substitution of a new kind of gasholder for the india-rubber bags at present In use,

The

don't hold the gas.

main defect in the present bags is that

Nhe vulcanized india-rubber and cloth permit of the diffusion of the illuminating con

stituents of the gas, through the pores of the material

and the consequent mix ure of atmospheri air with the gas in the bag. ‘Thus, in a short time, the quality

of the gas Is mu¢ b deteriorated When the bags are

new, they appear to absorb the illuminating in about t hours 16-candy

Uluminating pr

ents very rapidly wo candles, and, if left

st. But, aft

is reduced to 10 or all the

have been iu use some time, they do not

wer

18S

luminating power much in the course of an hour or so, but still, when they are left full at night, t gus looks ghastly in the morning It is is a matte f re gret that an influential committee as that ay

Arts di

hting by

pointed by the Soclety of of il:

inot go more fully

into the questlou low press

ascertain under what adverse circumstances, in

parison with its rival, the g:

iS at low pressure was be-

ing employed, before utterly condemning it in t) manner they have.

The remedy for this destruction of the illuminating power is, in the opinion of the author, the employ ment of gasholders as invented and patented by him almost entirely of varnished wood and zinc. The flex

ible joints are of pure india-rubber sheet, 3-32ds of an

inch in thickness, placed between very close Che

sh sida ise

, epskin leather.

, and the fi

india-rt

sheepskin ia prepared oat

The sheet r

out oil d with a solution of

bar is placed

ither thus prepared, after itself having been

ibber in naphtha. on the le

kewis¢ It isthen rubbed or rolled: rfant

rie

li so treated.

and adhesion is pe the upper side is then simi-

larly treated, and anothe effect appr to I prod

ars to be ordinary coal g

r skin is placed above it iced upon it by either rich pases or , is A new holder charged at night with 16 candle gas was found in th

half a candle

morning to

have suffered only a loss of in the illu

minating power. This was, in all probability, cansed by the absorption of some of the bydrocarbons amongst themselves

Thus much for the storage of the gas. Next as t

The

ropolit in and District

pressure present gas bags in use

Railways give from ‘)-10 2.10ths of an inch nr

ssiure

The new gasholder described will only give 1

of pressure, the

ind that pressure 1s always up

moment ommences to lift till itis full

entrance of the gas is then shut off automatically by the inlet-valves. gasholder can be rapidly

With a pressure any

filled at any station on a railway line, where a s1 of gas can be obtained under the usual day pressure of 8.10ths of an inch.

Next the

give a very superior steady light. U

as to lamps. Improved buiners would

nfortunatsly, it it is at once assumed as a certainty that that flat-flame rs onl in be

burn¢ ily ¢ Why not? On

employed ; the

no chimney can be nsed French and German lines almost every tail light is provided with a chimney, and a great many of the roof lights also. They are oht m y

Why is it

there employed in order that that the best li be developed from the oil that is burnt. this ¢ if the light cf 134 sperm of 4 feet of I6-candle gas, should the public be forced to pnt up with that

necessary to waste oil and in

Why,

out

gas yuntry more than it is abroad ? candles can be got 10-candles or even less than

Surely, the increased comf

the

n of the

which

rt and utilizati

ras will be worth expense of a chimney

need be only a very sbort one. If railroad lamps are required to work with chimneys, inventors will soon But why should

candles of its illuminating pow-

be found to supply the demand. every light waste 34 er?

But if it and be, a sine qua non for the present, that a flat-flame burner should be employed, then let it be a flat-flame which will develop th light from the 4

If every railway coach had,

1S,

best feet of gas consumed bette

waiting a r one, a

light in it equal to even 10 sperm candles, the public would be much better satisfied, and the tedium of railway journeys would be materially alleviated So

that what could really be done for railway coach light

ing per use of low pressure gas 1s this—viz

gas c

taken from avy station on any line where urnt, without the aid of other apparatus than mduct it to the for

carried by every

the pipes to coaches. A supply

two hours or more might easily be

coach withont interfering with the paying space, ard ising the weight of a

only by incre 20 feet coach by

cw, By the

indle sec

use of an Argand roof lamp, a light of

yuld be obtained, and a gO rd re flector used

to distribute this light well over the interior of the coach. Or by using a good flat-flame burner 10 to idles light might be obtained By the Argand burner any quality of gas might be

msumed without difficulty Thus a train might be charged in London with a and at Liv-

l6-candle gas, and at Edinburgh with 30-

20-candle gas,

erpool with

candle gas, and all could be used in the same appara- '

t Ss equally we l] he gas can be stored without leterior for sufficient time.

Can the like advantages, at the same cost, be se cured by the use cf oil gas compressed at high pres sur I author ventures to say certainly not, for the fol re ns

l I is is costly, and not prove ito be perma- nent

Special apparatus must be provided to make the

i not alw iys be convenient for a railway

nes must be employed to compress

it

Cylinders, in the nature of high steam-boilers, must loyed to contain it, and they must be ised at 12 ! ) lbs. to the inch; consequently will require Irequent proving

r of filling places at a station must be for fear of th

In large stations, where many trains

restricted possible heavy

a geri-

iS AS only can be em} loyed

n t ssure system will not be found to de- veloy of ¢ 10 candles from 6-10ths of a

mas, and so cannot com pe te adv intage stations thei

yusly with coal gas for lighting Railway

g this mode of lighting trains,

ng their own oil gas, must then have

two systems of lighting at all their large stations V1Z l4 r 16 candle gas to light the station, and oil sg to nN tt tralns, If 1 geses must and only can be employed, then the yuld be plied and carried as well without com} sslop, more ¢ isily on the low pressure sy stem,

is described, than upon the high pressure system

unies on the lines requiring such gas could

manufa m cannel coal, and deliver it into

the gash of the coaches at a much cheaper rate

than it c made from oil, and compressed by any railway compa!

This subje of supplying railway trains with gas 1s

worthy tl attention of all gas companies, and au earnest co-operation between them would enable the sytem of low pressure supply to be carried out all

over the United Kingdom ; and, as a result, the pub-

lic would be much benefitted, and the use of

tended

as ex A railway coach would be quite as good a as many small consumers burning five or

six lights, and certainly would not give so much

trouble in repairs of meters and services as a consu- mer The only thing required would be the laying

down of pipes large enough to supply the filling

places.

Mr Warner (South Shields w'shed to make one remark with regard to the new form of holder con- structed by Mr. Sugg, which was unquestionably the

best he had ever yet seen. It took him back in recol

lection to Samuel Clegy’s first pasholder, which it re- sembled, with the exception that he employed a float end

instead of vertically, it

if it was supposed to be placed upright be There could be no doubt

at one

would something like

Clege’s collapsible bolder

that, whether for the sake of holding or measuring stock, the smallest amount of flexible material was in

every respect the best, just the same as with the dry

meter Mr, Sugg combined the two great advantages —the minimum of flexible meterial and the maximum

combination between that

of His

which was known £

capacity was a is Croll’s diaphragm and Defries’s if flexible

it woud be in this form—large plates

diaphragm, and unquestionably, holders were to answer, 1 chamber of adequate capacity with a small f fle

exhibited in this apparatus appeared to him to be

forming

amount xibie material. The other arrangements

beautiful in their simplicity. Pintsch’s regulator car- ried him back several years, when some such regula tors

Mr

ing railway irrlages with gas was

were employed for working out at high pressure

Goddard said the question of light of ble importance in a commercial point of view. One great difficulty which had hitherto arisen from the use ot a flexible diaphragm was the injurious action of the

Ipswich)

’ 2 one conslaera

Am

3 mar Aug. 16, 1877.

gas upon the material. Mr. Sugg had provided against that by placing the india-rubber between

sheets of prepared leather. So far as this Association

was concerned, an interesting question arose as to how far gas companies would be disposed to meet the requirements of the railway companies, in order to make this plan of illumination for railway carriages universal. Of course, unless the railway companies the

companies that these vessels should be inflated at cer-

could be assured of having facilities from

gas tain stations, any proposal of the kind would be in-

He Mr. ‘zoddard)

I informed that the amount which was paid by tho Metropolitan

operative. iad been Railway Company to the Chartered Gas Company was

If

could increase their consumption by supplying rail-

something like £25,000 a year. gas companies

way trains with gas at their various stations, it was a subject which ought to occupy the attention of gas what

managers, with a view to see facilities they

could offer to induce railway companies to adopt the system

Mr. Woodall (J

from thn chair, said he had very little indeed to co

C. sondon in response to ac ! tribute to any discus3ion upon this subject, but he thought he ough’ to say at once that, as the represen- tatives of gas companies on this occasion, he consid ered they owed very much to Mr. Sugg for opening up to them this naw field of business, and that they ought to express theic obligations to him, not only for of

intelligence he had brought to bear upon the subject,

the labor he bad gone through, and the amount

but also tor having;contributed the very valuatle and He sidered that the proposition Mr. Sugg bad made to do

interesting paper that had just been read. con

Lit

away with the high pressure system of filling t

a ted

is holders of railway trains was a very excellent one. The majority of companies would hesitate for a long time, and would require strong inducements, before they consented to erect at railway stations the neces- sary plant to fi 1 the cylinders at higher pressure than But

arrangement the whole expenditure was very slight,

was available from the street mains. with this and involved only the laying down of a line of pipes, with some possibly expensive—but Le should judge not very expensive—valves, and he should conclud would be Pro-

bably the railway compsnies, however, would consent

that the revenue to be derived therefrom

certainly enough to justify such an expenditme.

to pay an Increase d price for the gas, if it was found impossible, with this added expenditure, to supply it At any rate, it would be refreshing if gas companies were

at the prices ordinarily charged to consumers.

able to supply railway trains universally with gas, aud should come to be looked upon us beneficiaries to the public, instead of being grumbled at, as they too often were at the present time.

it was rather more than

Mr. Irons (Gosport) said

20 years since he had his first experience as to the

The first occasion

proper materia! for holding

vas. was in connection with the inflation of a balloon with gas from tie works of the company now represented by Mr. Woodall. did not go up, and the next day it was found tne gas had he

a

From some cause the balloon On another occasion

Ag

GoverL-

lost all its buoyant quality was called upon to supply a light on board the memnon, which vessel bad been lent by the The

storing the cable required much haste, and a flexible

ment for laying the Atlantic Cable. work of

hose was employed for conveying vu board.

as Owing, however, to the texture of the hose, it was

t if

found imposible to get anything more than a blue

flame from the gas. Wrought-iron and gutta-percha tubes were afterwards adopted, and they were able to furnish so satisfactory a light that the work could be of the For

) years his company had been satisfactorily

carried on during the whol 24 hours

nearly 2

supplying the gas to a floating vessel in Portsmouth

Harbor, with no more than the ordinary pressure in the street mains.

Mr. G. E

what the gas Companies could do to induce the rail-

Stevenson (Peterborough) did not know

ways to adopt this mode of lighting. It was their du-

ty, howeyer, to be ready when ecajjed upon to make

erican Has Light dournal. 73 immediate prov f f vi b lhee 4 : Selb ilestiad ste 4 by M Gas-Atght Intelligence, Westminster Pal Hot I introdu-ing hi m upon the G United States. way. Mr. Su t i that a Bond of the Mutual Gas Light Com- a oa — ; pany of Brooklyn. me amped to: th i [ ae also that — vas bag t . ‘ : the Board of Al about 75 cubic feet of ; ck vesterday afternoon, on 1000 enbiec f ] 1 , E Pre ident. n the ¢ hair. carriages, It t followin where trains t w ¢ e. to whom was referred the of an hour, it w 1 he M (i Light: ¢ pany for ex such a speed, and port cordingly hy 1 ( rmed by articles of asso- not be required. H M lbv cc. ( Sacailion. Sas. Jourdan, the question for bin DB mh B. Meeker and 8. A. Is- ough, and he found t! ‘ 7 1) 1875, for the purpose lopted by the Great Nort! R people and privat build- company ld pr t cap tal stock was fixed aut sumption of fi Six : On Ja ee following the ( pted a resolution giving the Pee oe W 6s per t lay pipes through the duty of gas mar situated nd e) the city as by law re ways where a num! ft Py weve to tl ye rmission laily each way make ¢ ry bv th pproval of the Mayor, out this svstem of light . it N ulopted n the 24th of do so. The memb {tt Ass ont] that a fore any com ‘ exe} the 1 t to lay pipes in the indebted to Mr. § f ; ¥ 1 enter into an agree- would owe him + vw restrictions and con induce the railway : a relating thereto as Mr. Pearson hav proved by tl Mayor. It, there- Pintsch’s regulator : ecessary that this ¢ ompany should ; / ement and bonds before it could The President thed : : . bond referred to the Com- jn the remarks made by tl ; constitutes the agree obligations of iS MAI I M 5 7 re d of the Mut ial Gas preparation of his vy paper ( abont it und that w l It 1 have been executed pi the 21st bestow—was that it wa ry M f May, 1877 it dis nal bond the sum of 250.000 i executed by the Company and a most ante ol rot what a wT Ss T G a Studwell and Chas. careful operato} thu Vv. Matt Me Starr, Studwell and Mat- present case he had br ] , t the sum of $40,000 each. Mr. upon the subject in band with very He Starr I lent of Camden, N. J.; Mr. Mat- tna President) was. de tad © § dent of Philadelphia, and Mr. gas bag exhibited, and would ell resident of Brooklyn. : By t ti of the bond the Company is SPOCISns Ih Has POrne! % ea) 1 BZ00,000 a ve from the date of the .cross a pack of hou frane shall be void; to commit no the smell of it, f if v perations to put down twenty he did not believe t f pipe within the year, a portion in each liked to apply it to H 5 di tricts in the Western Distriet % tv: after the nd year to expend age ermg mae wie. 100 a yea is pipes in the city un- compressed gas was sent ; the streets Ww ‘h are lighted shall be but he took it that High he second year to lay tive miles gone by entirely rl nly é nil e Eastern District ; to furnish gas to deal with as gas mar 2] T5at sand to the ety and $2 a thou- the heavier oils—the oils which tl f private consumers as long as there is no ie ompany and ; 1 the pr ot labor and mate- ali A e pre be fixed by arbi- with, and w ld I na} e the pavement and surface of of which could be 1 He had s ti ited by the Company satisfac by him showing tl t Department of City Works, and in cation of the heavy ra the Wepartment to do so at the by means of imp n l I ( n the other hand any de ‘ . . t Cx pany by legal proceedings of Paris, and in J x ; - l al it the time limited in the ner, patent agent, and com f required work done in means of lighting x ¥ ( pany to be allowed. ise on the London, ¢ tham mieaution of hi Honor the Mayor Company, was stated : s bond he correctly advises this high authority in such atte: bject of the bond is to guarantee with an 8-inch glot i tted cheapel ras to the people of the gave a light equal t andles that he had approved it in the under the same con 8 that su I 3s were given, In this candles he same patent lamy t Mavyo1 our opinion, mistaken globe, but fitted with a 4 i é the Company stipulates that of 9°8 candles, He 1 I t 4 xe 1 $200,000 in one year aud $20,- what they had to d lL wit s ¥) cond ve for all that is me the race Hi pprehended I ds, worl mains and pipes fault ifthey did not sucee In t : iter eid ; Thus in twelve sociation he cordially tha Mr. S axpended only 400,000 in this poper he had sent be t "¢ va pital of ver nine millions of 1 ! ive ber Cpe led for that purpose. It t ecessary t ie the Lhadequacy ol this Laying Water Pipes.—When for t purpose, even if 10 were all expended . Sian att ther prov.des that the Company Isid at an inclinati te ll the gas districts in the city, Zon, # Correction will b ver r pipe only in such streets in those the suppby, by adding stricts as they may choose, to the extentof $20,- inch to or from the initial pr r wn) xpend ture a year in all. In other words, fall or rise in the length pipe e such portions of the city as ar

unprofitable to the last, and that may be to the expiration of their charter, which is fifty years, when only $1,200,000 will have been expended, at the rate of $20,000 a year—a sum entirely inade- quate for furnishing the whole city, even then. The policy of the Company is evident : It would be to select for their operations for the first few years the compact portions of the city, the thick- ly settled streets, where the most gas is used, with a smaller service of pipes, and where, con- sequently, they could furnish gas at the lower rates proposed by them, and leave the other por- tions of the city unsupplied and without compe- tition.

Against this result, or indeed, against a failure to supply gas even in any part of the city at the lower rates, or to comply with any other part of day the agreement, there is no proper provision in the bond, The security offered is simply a penalty which is limited for all time to the sum of $50,- 000, and that not as liquidated damages, in case of any failure to perform any of the conditions of the bond, but asa sum beyond which no re- covery can be had in any case, and within which the recovery is limited to the damage actually shown to have been sustained by the city, which in every case, except that of supplying gas to the corporation, are incapable of measurement. Be- side the payment of $50,000 once would satisfy the whole bond, and leave the city thereafter rem- edyless. For this amount even there is no secur- ity furnished beyond the property of the compa- ny. The three sureties justify in $40,000 each, and only one of them resides within this State. The other two reside in other States, and their persons and property are beyond the reach and rae process of the courts of New York There is thus practically only one surety worth $40,000 or $10,000 less than the penalty of the bond, which is the limit of the entire damages, and that is to run through a series of years in which it must necessarily be applicable, subject to all the cas- ualties in regard to the means of the obligor which may befall him. It is evident that the creation of this new company would be only ad- ding another to the list of the companies to tear up the streets, without any benefit to the city or citizens. By the terms of the supplementary re- solution of the 24th of January 1876, the agree ment and bond are to be approved by the Mayor alone, and no further action of the Common Coun- cil thereou is necessary to render it valid, Upon his approval, therfore, the instrument executed for those purposes became a document of the city to be filed in the office designated as the deposi tory of such papers. In transmitting it to the Common Council, His Honor the Mayor has very properly communicated it for the information of of the Board, and it is consequently incumbent upon the Common Council to give an expression of its views upon the subject. Again the charter of the company fixes its capital at three millions of dollars. By law one half of this amount should have been paid in within one year from Decem- ber 7, 1877, or the company may be dissolved whenever the law officer of the State may take steps for that purpose. In view of those facts and of the further facts that the company has fil- ed no report of its proceeding, as required by law, and that it has already been in existence for a year and half, and has not accomplished the professed purpose of its incorporation, we think that itshould not be allowed to go into operation uotil and unless it shows a compliance with the statute of the State, and gives a proper and am- ple guaranty that it can, will accomplish the ends suggested in the annual message of the Mayor, hold the city harmless from any damage con sequent upon a disturbance of its streets, and to secure for the people a permanent reduction of the price of gas.”’

The Committee therefore reccommend the ad- option of the following :

printed in the minutes and action

Ald. Fisher

nority report. Ald. Burnett

to write it. The matter was so Daily Eagle, Augst 2d,

August 13

avenue, Marshal and Little streets

Price or Gas Repvucep. after September Ist the gas will be

For less than 3000 feet per month @

more than 3000 feet per month ‘“

Campany,

tions were adopted

the directors of the new company.

gas monoply are numbered.

Herald,

present company.—WN. I.

ment with th

tect the streets of the city.

ized with a capital of $3,000,000.

and Mr.

50,000 each

chise

Amevican Gas Light

have an opportunity to make a thorough examina- tion of this matter in order to act intelligently upon it, I move that the report be received and

uptil the next meefing of this Board I have not signed the report, and ask that I may be at liberty to introduce a mi-

Certainly ; it will afford me as much pleasure to read it as it will the gentleman

disp: sed of.

Fire IN THE Brooxityn Gas Works.- a quantity of tar took fire in the cel lar of the Brooklyn Gas Works, bonnded by Hudson An immense vol ume of black smoke arose, which was observed from all parts of the city, leading to the impression that there was a large fire. The company puta stream of water on it from their own hose, and had it nearly extinguished before the arrival of the firemen. The damage is trifling.— Evening Express

The Youngstown

Gas Co. made the following announcement

more than 5000 feet per month “

Cueapr Gas For Jersey Crry.—At the meeting of cussions or letters from unknown parties. the Board of Aldermen of Jersey City lost evening an attempt was made to rescind the action of the Board at the last meeting granting permission to the new gas light company, known as the ‘‘Consumers’ Gas to lay pipes through the streets. man Mackey moved to have the matter referred to a special committee, but his mction was not seconded. Alderman Tilden offered a set of resolutions provid- ing that the new company should be required to com. mence operations within six months after permission was granted by the Board, and that the work should be completed within eighteen months. The new company has been or- ganized and the articles of incorporation, with the names of the directors, have been filed with the Sec- retary of State by ex-Alderman Sweeny, who is one of any mistake ourselves Mr. Swee by, who is a member of the Board of Finance, which practically controls the administration of affairs in Jersey City, assured a HERALD representative that the days of the

The new company will

and furnish gas at one-half the price charged by the

Aug. St

Gas IN BROOKLYN The Mutual Con City.— The Bond Disput Committee of the Brooklyn Aldermen, to whom was £85. referred the bond of the Mutual Gaslight Company for examination, reported that it was insufficient to insure to th- city the provision for cheaper The company was organ- The bond it pre- sented was for $50,000‘ and was signed by Jesse W. Starr, of Camden, N. J., Mr. Mathews of Philadelpbia, Alex. Studwell of Brooklyn, Under its agreement with the city it was to spend $200,000 the first year or forfeit its fran-

it was to lay twenty miles of pipe in the gas

Aournal., Aug. 16, 1877.

to lay their pipes at first, and to leave the outlying parts of the city unprovided for. Aldermen Fisher : of the committee gave notice that he should present ‘ehaeees a minority report at the next meeting, Ihe report

was ordered printed. It is asserted that the other gas companies have united to use all influence possible with the Aldermen to prevent the Mutual from going

te)

into business. —V. ¥, Sun.

Brooklyn Great Britain.

Expiosion oF Gas In Liverpoou.—Last Saturday morning a serious explosion of gas occurredin a house At noon to*

in Huskisson Street, Liverpool, occupied by a Mr. Tweedie. ‘there being a strong smell of gan, the plumber was sunt, snd he found the chandelier in the drawing-room @rawn to its full extent, and the gas escaping. He imprudently struck a match, an explo sion followed, and both the plumber and an old woman in the room at the time were severely burned. Nearly all the windows in the house were broken, and

Journal of Gas-

a good deal of furniture damaged.

lig hting. Ohio) Tne Gas Controversy—J. T. H. to Mr. Geo. On and S. Dwight. el

&? 20 per LOOO,

Editor Journal:—I1Ido not propose to answer the $2.00 per 1000. long and special plea of the Lowe Gas Company inits We, of New-

burgh, do not want any long, wordy newspaper dis-

$1.75 per 1000, own favor in your issue of Wednesday. The alma- nacs, puffing up quack medicines, are an illustration of how letters and certificates can be manufactured and got up, as in the last letter in this communica- tion from Mr, Fish, of Utica. It tells simply of what Alder great things they propose to do; just as another will assert what wonderful things they are going to do in Newburgh. ‘This gas has been tried and abandoned in Utica, and this very Mr. Fish is interested in the Lowe patent, and has written to the Newburgh Gas Neither do we care We do

not care whether they are laying fifty or a hundred

Company urging them to buy it. how much the old monopolies are alarmed. These resolu- miles of pipe elsewhere. We do not care what mis- takes other people are making or are going to make in the matter, we are simply determined not to make if we can help it, notwith- standing the hasty aud reckless conduct of our Com We want to know the trut to have it if it can be got out of this company. Now,

mon Council h, and mean

in my communication, I made quotatiors from an

article in the American Gas Journal. Mr. Dwight

proced immediately to lay pipes through the streets asserts that this journal is nothing but the paid agent

to further the interests of a “ gigantic monopoly.” Now the only answer to that is—it is simply untrue. T'hes¢ quotations stated three distinct fects, which

mpany's Agree- unless proved to be false, settle definitely and com-

ed. ih Tie pletely the question as to the value and safety of this The first asserted that at Manayunk, Philadel- phia, where the gas had its fairest, fullest test, and was exhibited to the visitors at the Centennial Exhi- gas, and to pro-| bition as a thorough success, it was gradually being abandoned, and the old coal gas substituted in its place—in fact it said that there was every prospect Now, if this

If on the Rpot of its

that ‘‘ the process is going out ” there. be so, it settles the matter. who justified in greatest achievements, it is being slowly abandoned, the conclusion, to every man of sense, is inevitable, that it isa failure. Yet in the long communication

made in reply to my article, this is not denied, nor is

Resolved, That in the opinion of this Common districts in the western part of the city, and to expend there even an attempt made to deny it Second Council the agree th nt and be nd — the Mutual S20 000) the SEC ond year extending its mains, and cuon- That a J Seay hi if ? estigation WAS ASE d for, Gas Company, of Brooklyn are insufficient for the ' : ts facilit til al ts of |and —— et te eee

. - - s yearly tc crease its facilities until al arts of ave CO COMPOSE OF PHOTESEOTS ¢ UMNGDUES- purpose of providing cheaper gas to the city and tinue yearly to increase cl 8 re ill p ( ae Hg , 7‘ private consumers, and protecting the public the city were reached by its pipes. The agreement “ed t SOY WETEMERCE UO SCLENEL CRY streets. was that it should furnisb gas to the city at $1.75 eramine and report upon the matter,” and yet the C, L. Burnet, thousand feet, and to private consumers at $2 athou- company have suppressed that report. This damag_ M. H. Duane, sand Che committee find that the effect of the bond ing and damning fact is not denied either. What is

W. H. Murtl

is simply to

Ald. Burnet—That there may be no question as to the intent of the majority of this Committee to do nothing which will affect the rights of the public or the rights of any corporation, and in order that every one of this Common Council may

twelve vears, while ¥9,000,000 have

chises.

select the more

compel the expenditure of $400,000 in alre addy been ex- pended by the other companies to maintain their fran- one The policy ol the company evl impact portions of the city in which

the inevitable inference that will be drawn from tbis be but is wholly ignored, and we

by any man of common sense?’ There can And yet the charge lently was to are treated to any quantity of twaddlu about monop-

olies and perse cutuion, éte

The third quotation as

+ ye

SN, Sen Cath NT

Di IRE. Dy

Aug. 16 1877.

Ds

American Gas Light Journal.

serted that this water gas contains about 33 per

of carbonic oxide, and if inhaled is blood poi- son of a very active nature one of the

that even an

Now, this is the only heavy r harges made in these quotations And

By giving us the report of

attempt is made to contradict. how is this charge met ? the committee composed of professors of unques-

No, but

intelligent examination, even

tioned integrity and ability ? by saying,

‘it will not bear an admitting the CO to be in considerable proportion

Will not bear an Did it not have one by that committee of unquestioned abil This is not true

and the report of the result

intelligent examination ?

ity and integrity ? it did have an tell gent exraminatia

is in the hands of the company, and yet they refuse

to give it to the public and, instead, give an analysis

that

good, as proved by an analysis

if the gas of other companies, and intimate their own is equally made by parties characterized by the Gas Journal as ‘‘ professors of unquestioned integrity and abil ty Now the writer here plainly intends the read er to understand that this 1s the actual report of the committee referred to. Then give us the report and

not deal in vague hints, and so settle it. They say

that their gas is misrepresented and decried by sel- that will

stop all unjust clamor. They say they are perse

fish monopolists, Then give us the report

outed and traduced, Then give us the report and it

Bl

will cease. They say it is all a lie that their gas is poisonous all that.

unfair treatment. and with

f all

less room and do what these do not, settle the ques

hen give us the report and 1t willsetth They fill the newspapers with complaints of letters and certificates kinds

and promises The report will take up

tion. No man will have the audacity to put his opin- ion against that report. ‘Then give it to us and, if it is what the company claim it to be, they will have a free field and every one will bid them Giod-speed. Now, gentlemen of the gas company, the people of Newburgh don’t want any

newspaper discussion of

tlie matter. You have the information they need to Liutelligently, and if you refuse it to them they

will refuse to listen to you, and that is right and wise.

hey want that report, and I believe they are deter- mined to have it, or they will not take your gas. The Common Conncil may be so false to the trust reposed in them as to give any company permission to flow poisonous gas through the streets and up the lamp posts, but they cannot compel the people to take it into their houses. You may build forty gas houses and lay down forty miles of pipe in the city, and send your drummers like peddlers from house to house, Ido not believe they will give you any foot- hold till you that

Government has forbidden the use

give them report. The French of this water gas n the Hotel des Invalides because of its poisonous qualities, and the State of New Jersey has forbidden the formation of any more companies in its limits to make it for the same reason, and the intel igent por- tion of Newburgh, following their example, will be ‘*a law unto themselves’ in this matter, and keep it it out of their houses for the same reason also. We have got bad air enough about us without importing it from abroad, and we have sickness enough without increasing it by sucking in poison voluntarily. That, from water or some other source, a che ap and good

illuminating

made, no one ci

gas may yet be in deny,

and experiments in that direction are praiseworthy

and desirable, and the icky discoy erer will make and

deserve a rich fortune. The old gas companies could

afford to present him with a half a million dollars

ind buy bis patent besides. Ph y do not care wheth

er they make gas out of hay or coal—thev want t

rood

of their consumers

make money. If they can furnish a cheap and can double the pumber

s they

and thus double their profits In order to do this

they have been buyiny these water gas patents for years Even the Newburgh Gas Company bonght and p uid five or ten thousand dollars for it, I

rege which, and tried the gas vn a portion of New rel Ihe people did not know what experiment s being tried on them, bat they denounced the gas

1 the patent had to be thrown aside and the com

pany pocket tl a I told H go 66°584 ak sheet ' : England 6,198 66°577 se © ausua eT “ G nv 1 O44 66°536 fooled out of 1 i Ss. r PS 66°531 an extra price n s afterward t i tl Wales O4 66°418 loss, Why the cas works of tl ’ Russia 122 66°393 th the w Switzerland 802 66°38] with 1e W so th 7 r sit v1 the wi J West Indies SO) 66°3C08 m the companies f ) 1 by thre I France : 5 243 66°277 opposition company if they dot Poland ti 66°211 N ) D Ml 9 66°110 it ) oO OO0 South A i 1 OF SOD Average Statures of M Spait is HO O85 Pot - 65432 oe Phe following int ul Pot nd mean of total, 501,068 67°300 1 irate nd . [ thirds of the native born white Americans sur isé vl 1 . pol fair mplexioned, but their mean stature was ee f nch below the dark-complexioned. of the na o. : " 4 ves of British America, England, Ire , eanllh . G he fair exceeded tbe dark in about lise Si t T als Ss I ’ 1 In dia the me pr yrtion, while the dark show a slight eereer ar \weeee i superiority in stature, except m the case of Ireland ; of the Mars é x ; ; z z : ul dark mnplexioned natives of which had made l Dr I t I ‘ probably no questior i ( 1¢ ¢c ng to thé mean stature of the inhab tahated . y . f y 2 ; : 2 a ae Americal rn whites), the different Northern tion than tl f t e of EF ag : nar Tl I ct Fi a G f No. of Men Mean Height . nfused 1 . S v Stat Examined in Inches. prepared for t . 1 Ke ky 1.952 68°677 1, of m f le fer 4 f 2 AADSA 68 551 Minne 68°371 men, such as solcdie I u Mis 6.031 68°337 of students under the f full t I ( fornia 1.308 68-306 a class generally t meal Ba f Nevada 21 68 2ZSo t f [Indiana 38,354 68080 countrymen; of men . ‘ : ene : : West Virgini 18% GS°005 i without s - : : Wisconsll 0.922 67°911 tables pretending to ¢ ibit nt ns Maine 12. ; GO7T°RB95 The half millior et t measutr nt rom whic! lowa 1,820 O7°SROD tl . , P : I 6.465 67 °R2D he conclusions to ! omed uy ; article were 7 : 4uT y 1 — avi al i . , a derived, are open to none of tl I t I Marv! 918 were measurments taken wit! reaso! f : Ohi care by surgeons sworn to do tl l ished Vermont fn} Ic and at , . . er P rf Delaware : 5 with needfu 1 l ap} es, l I t - : s Pennsylvania. 47,124 or interest In eévading or Sligbtit ) 1D triat of Col tions. And the records it le tl easurments of ml 2 883 rejected as well as i cepte 1 mer that t fa rly Rhode Island ) 1 New York represent, not a picked port f the New Jersey country, but th New Hampshire. It is proper to obsereve here that tf ements Massachussetts made use of this report re cl y t f mer Col cut 2.009 66°587 examined toward the latter part of the war, after the EOE ; : : I n ot tot 620 67,672 finest fighting mat of the listed: consequently they under rath eo A rd to Dr. Coolidge’s examination of United state the average developrrent of the A States Army statistics, from 1839 to 1855, the mean ple. It was a time, too, when ] ’ nvitad statu f recruits from Georgia, Tennessee, North : y ’ + Claroliy lah rr ‘ir 5 2 manv of the better class of foreigners to eut eer. Ont 19, South Carolina, Alabama and Virginia ranged vice ; a part explanation, pe a e 4 fact tl tween 68.272 inches for the first and 67.488 for the In every instance the mean heicht of f I n #8 named The average for tho whole country, ob- 19 : ’ 1 m Dr. Coolidge’s table was 67.357 incl.es, older wa v tl I the i : aninessagias : : t one-third of an inch below that derived from Under such circumstar 3, it is gratif ef at st ! rds of the Prevost Marshal General’s Bureau the first rank i t A 67.672 inches) for the Northern States; while that “ d by Mr. Gould, from the statistics of the cans, a somewhat dis : ; : . ; I States Sanitary Commission—on the whole Seer t tT f , , nisgecheon cine aa 8 a te tal vas smaller yet, by about one tive to the white race. Curi t aded hundredth of an inch. The close correspondence of

by a small number of aborginal Ind i'r. Baxter the three sets of observations is an indication of the le. Altogether they are the results

is of opinion that thisis not due to t I pick hers : ‘ oe ee surmen f nearly a million anda half of Amer- men, but to the fact that India il ican born white men, and the resulting mean stature rac In Mr. Gould's tables of statisti ed by f the whole is 67.646 inches. Even the lowest mean the Sanitary Commissior 7 Indians se mean tained would entitle the American people to the : ; ‘ P rank among the vations in point of stature. height considerably abov t ¢ b : If compared witn the native niv, the Indians sted ; ast : On the Diffusion of Gases through Absorb- rauk 48S nipt! n t a : : H €.1 ing Substances.—Pogyendorff's Annal. d. Phys. ere follows the t j ; tature of 501.068 : Chem contains an interesting article by Sigmund Wroblewski, on the diffusion of gases through ab- Order of No. of Men M Superiority Nativit Praminad SET rbing substances uthor made a series of ex. “T. & Indies ; periments relative to the d ffusion which takes place U.S. whi ( gh caoutchor These experiments, made with Norway rbonic acid g nd oxygen, seem to establish as a Scotland hat the v ty of diffusion and the volume of British An G4 ft ure directly proportional to the pres- g Sweden with which the gas bears upon the membrane. Ireland vas fonnd perfectly accurate between the Denmat ’ ed pressures (from 740 to 20 m. m.) at which

mented Polytechni Revieu

American Gas Light Aonrnal,

joy omy Aug. 16, 1877.

CHE AMERICAN 61a Tae RE CE © wu la kee. ry ae 7 soe a Es i a S Part

ZeHEMIGAL REPERTOR

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to account, the balance ill

Thursday, August 16, 1877.

he bestows on other matters connected witb the

Sunday Labor. [Communicated Article. a The subject of the cessation of labor on the Sab- bath in gas-works is one which, in my opinion, has never obtained that attention which its importance entitles it to. Although the subject has been brought

to the notice of the profession more than once, still,

the ideas which have been then set forth have not

been as universally carried out as they ought to be. My purpose in broaching this subject at the present time, is not to set forth any new ideas in regard to -for I feel that I the gentlemen whe have brought up this subject be-

but to

the matter am unable to do that as

fore have bandled it in such an able manner remind the fraternity of what their duty requires of them, thinking that who onc®

deemed it an impossibility to stop work on Sunday,

there may be some

who might now—from increased experience—see the feasib lity of it,

In the way of preface, permit me to say, that when we speak of giving our stokers rest on Sunday, it is equivalent to giving a like advantage to all connected with the manufacturing department, so if we contine our remarks to these men, we cover the point.

I think the reason why managers worked their men on Sunday when our business was yet in its infancy, was owing to the fact that they thought the retorts

would be damaged if the fires were not regularly at

tended to; and also the companies purchased very

limited sites for their works, and as their business rapidly outgrew the normal capacity of their works, fail to see that the arguments which held good then

found that by

they were thus compelled to work steadily

should hold gu rd now, for it has been

fixing the dampers right, good retorts are not hurt by

laying off a day; and most works bave a greater ex-

cess of carbonizing power than existed years ago.

[do pot wish to say anything derogatory to gas

stokers, but still it will, I think, be conceded that

they are not as diligent a class of men as we

would wish to have them. Nor is to be wondered at in fact, it is rather a cause for surprise to find them as industrious as considering the

that the y have

sober and they are,

nature of their work, and the fact

not the advantage of that boon which God has be-

stowed upon his people ; Viz., rest.

one day in seven for

Now, if we could give our men their Sabbath

to spe nd as they see fit, we would soon see them im proved morally, mentally, and physically. Let us look at the

tioned.

benefits claimed, in the inverse order men

I do not think it requires any extended re- that days a week, must havea very injurious effect on their health. any one of this fact;

sue with me on this point, I would simply say that I

marks from me to show constant work, seven A few minutes reflection will, I think, satisfy

but still, should any one take is

am only giving the opinion of eminent medical men men who have been specially appointed to examine If men are in good health bodily, and I think that both

into this subject. they are more apt to be so mentally their whole character would become elevated would desire to im- fact,

wbad

morally and mentally, and they

prove themselves and educate themselves—in

Some claim that if they

their Sabbath to themselves they would only spend it

make them ambitious.

in saloons.

still that is none of

With this opinion I do not agree; but It is the duty of Sab

business, thei them thi

our

every manager to give them aths, and to

endeavor to Impress upon idvantage of

spending aright—as a day of rest,—remembering

that a word from the superintendent, implying that

he takes an interest in his men individually and col-

lectively, will gu a great way

A great many gas men now regard the whole subject of work or no werk on Sunday as a r of llars and cents, and claim that when it ured out the balance is found to be aguinst it. allow that in

many cases where only dollars and cents are taken in But I fur-

where—if the

be against it. ther affirm that there are some works superintendent gave the subject the attention which

cCOou- duct of his works—work on Sundays could be dispens

ed with, without involving any additional outlay

We would not feel that a manufacturing company were justified in compelling their men to work on Sun day, just because by so doing they could save money. Neither are we justified in working our men on Sun- Gay, if the only advantage gained is the saving of money effected thereby.

Even the pecuniary advantage is not so one sided as some think, for we would find that the doing away with work on the seventh day would give us, as I pre- viously said, a more intelligent, a more willing, a mor¢

industrious class of workmep, men who would not have to be urged on with their work, but who would preform it cheerfully, and with alacrity.

Some claim that the men desire to work on Sunday‘ so as to have the additional days pay. I would simply Bay, under this head, that gas men work hard, and it is not right that they should be paid so meagrely that Nor is

it right that they should perform seven days work,

it is necessary fur them to work on Sundays

and be paid for only six.

I have said that write this as a reminder—to bring gas men to think of the subject again. Yes, that is minutia of the My de

sire is to impress upon those who have not tried it,

my idea. I have not dealt with all the

subject, for that has been set forth by others

the importance of making the attempt, and those who have tried it in part, to extend the same

the city, and when measures were taken to light the

ity lamps with oil, an injunction was asked to re

breaking its contract to pay $3

,of the

refused the Injune

strain the city from

feet of gas. Drummond

per 1000 eubie g Judg

U. S. Cireuit Court, on July 2ud,

tion, and the case being quite interesting, we quote the judicial opinion in full, as follows

In May, 1859, the city of Chicago entered into a with the Chicago Gas Light and Coke Co. to

till May,

contract furnish the city with gas for ten years, viz.,

In Fel Coke C

ruary, 1855, the People’s Gas-Light and

was incorporated, and was authorized to manufacture and sell gas to the city of Chicago, and to erect all necessary works for that purpose. In April, 1862, with the assent of the city, the Chicago Gas-Light and Coke Co.

the c

assigned all its interest in the West Division of the

s Gas Light and Coke Co.,

mtract of S50, as to

tity, to the People aud from that time the latter company, until May, 1869, contract of 1859 expired, performed the

f the Chicago Gas-Light and Coke Co.

under that contract. In 1869, then, the People’s Company had the means of manufacturing gas, and was selling it cro the city as the assignee of the Chi- ago Company

By an amendment made in 1865 to the charter of

1s t) People’s ¢ Oo. was authorized, with the con- sent of the city, to lay down all necessary gas pipes alor @ the streets and public squares, This power

have been exercised by the company from

seems to 1869 to 1876, and until the controversy which bas ivep rise to this litigation.

By its charter the city had authority to light the

public streets—and it is to be inferred the public buildings and offices—and to levy and collect a tax for that purpose. ‘The power to provide the necessary

means for lighting the streets, buildings and officos, either by the construction of a gas manufactory or by

But it any re-

contract, would seem to follow as of course.

can hardly be presumed, in the absence of strictive legislation on the subject, that it was intend ed to confine the city of Chicago, as its source of sup- ply for gas, or for light to the Pe ople’s Co. or to the Chicago Co, ‘These means were furnished, but they were not exclusive.

In 1869 the charter of the city contained a provi- sion that no contract should be made by the city in- volving any expense, unless an appropriation And the

comptroller was required in May of each year to sub

war previously made concerning such expense. mit an estimate of the amount necessary to defray the expenses of the city for the current fiscal year. This provision of the charter does not seem to have been construed as a prohibition to the execution of

year, even where the

contracts extending over one

appropriation did not meet ful y the xpense of the

contracts, and it would be difficult to maintain that

this construction is unsound. The language must

bviously be plic d to the subject matter of the con-

tract, as understood by the Legislature, viz.: To

those matters where the terms of the contract and the

time of its execution were practically within the reach of an appropriation once made. The construction of tunnels, of water-works, of public buildings, includ-

In closing allow me to quote from Mr. Livesay, in his inagural address before the British Association, at its meeting in 1574.

“*Tt can be done, it ought to be done; and share holders, and mavagers, who withhold an inalienable right from their fellow men which is in their power to bestow, are incurring a responsibility that no man of just and right principles would be willing to bea:

QviLi

West Chicago Gas.

Some months ago there was a general lowering of prices of gas ali over the country; the gas companies of Chicago had to yield in sume measure to the pres- sure, but oue of the companies holding a contract made with a City Council seven ysars previous, and

for a term of ten years, refused to lower its price to

ing gas works, of deepening summit levels, and many ther matters within the general scope of the powers of the city, may require more than a year to complete ind must necessarily involve more than one appropri- ation And yet in view of the manifest intention of the Legislature, it may be doubted whether the city would be authorized to execute any of these general powers without an estimate first made of the expense to be incurred a

But if it bs admitted this is the true meaning of the prohibiti yn, it is clear the purpose of the Legislature was to limit the City Council the actual necessities of the partic ilar case, and the question to be deter- mined is whether there was a reasonable necessity on the part of th City Council to extend the contract in controversy here, aud which will now be mentioned, for ten years from its date, there being no appropria- tion made commensurate with the obligations of the contract,

;

Aug. 16, 1877.

We will waive the question connected with the right of the plaintiff, a sto kholder of the People’s Gas Light and Coke Company, to come into this court for equitable relief, and also the other question whether there is not a complete remedy at law for a breach of the contract, if valid, against the city, questions not free from difficulty, and come to what is the principal controversy between the parties—the contract be- tween the city and the People’s Company.

On the fifth of October, 1869, in pursuance of au thority given to that effect by the City Council, the Mayor and Comptroller entered intu a contract with the People’s Gas Light and Coke Company, by which the gas company agreed to supply the streets and pub-

lic buildings and offices of the West Division with

aS

for $3 per 1000 cubic feet, and the city agreed to take and use the same for the streets, buildings and offices, and pay the price named. The zontract was to continue in force till the 1st of April, 1879.

rhe contract contains other stipulations not mate- rial to this controversy. But it must be stated that the contract assumes that the gas company had the means of complying with its obligations. It is not the case of a contract made by the city with a compa- ny which, as a consideration for making the contract with the city, was to construct and maintain gas works where there were none before. On the contra- ry, it is to be fairly inferred, that the company had as authorized by its carter of 1555, and its amend ment of 1865, constructed gas works before October, 1869, and bad the necessary appliances to execute the contract on its part. [It is true, the bill alleges, and we mcy presume, that in consequence of the making of the contract, the company enlarged its works and made cousiderable expenditures; but it nowhere ap pears that this was a condition precedept to the exe- cution of the contract, us that the ciry declared if tbis shall be done, the contract shall be executed, or that the company said, if not done, then it will not bea party to the contract.

This then being the condition of the parties as to the subject matter of the contract, had the city the I think it had not.

It is not necessary to refer to the numerous cases

capacity to make it ?

cited on the argument. In my judgement they estab- lish by a preponderance of authority, that a munici pal corporation, under the powers conferred on the city of Chicago by the Legislature, and under the cir cumstances existing here, had no right to make a con- tract with the People’s Gas-Light and Coke Company And I think on principle the same conclusion must be reach-

to pay for the use of gas for so long a time.

ed. The offiers of the city- —are trustees of the public.

the members of the council They are clothed with There can be no doubt that the right to regulate the light-

authority to legislate upon public interests.

ing of the streets and to furnish means for the same by taxation, is in its nature legislative power. It coucerns the whole public of the city. The effect of the contract in question by the city authorities in October, 1869, if vilid, was to bind their successors for ten years, as to those matters of legislation. If it be conceded that the power existed, as claimed, then it practically follows that at the end of the term, in 1880, a contract may be made by their successors without limit, and which may bind the public indefin itely. Iam unwilling to sanction a principle which, in case like this, would lead to such results. In all cases of contracts to run for years, the authority to make them should be clear; because they involve pecuniary liability, and it is a tax upon future prop- erty-owners of the city.

To sustain the contract between the city and gas company in this case would encourage the making of such contracts in the future. It would place it in the power of companies, whose interests were to be af-

fected by them, to multiply them and continue them when the public interest demanded they should cease. To condemn it is to prevent, so far as it may tend to produce that result, the use of .influences whioh look to private rather than to public profit. It is better that all parties should understa:d there is a limit to the power of municipal bodies in such cases.

hold, therefor mnt f that the cont f Octo ized, and the motion for an inj

to prevent interfere!

pipes, etc., will! denis But the opinion of the tion, must be incomplet

casé in another aspect.

It must be admitted tt against the city seem In a strict equil)

Ihe city ass ned t t basis of righ therefore be par claimed, r r severai idity of the contract lated price It is after the cost of duced, that any active to deny the obligations of t of ita prodnetion had b ably never have

Ihe colnpany has tional works Ma y miu pipes bave been put down extended in parts of the city whe to the present time, no adequat

sparseness of population t

been done by the tm}

ind that in cons¢ quence the I jected to great loss caused

age of gas from the pipes t il for use when they we put dow!

I'he contract b

than two years from the present tin

its own 1D

In view of these circumstar sii the hearing of the motion to satisfactory arrangement should parties, or by referen was the means of supplying gas

It would seem as though th y could

; other better than stny one else If

the city wasto do nothin inti

contract was ascertained, that

as the opinion of this ur in therefore, as we are now ol! wotlon in the case, 1t does rt new the suggestion that was mad

the motion, for the equity of th

strong, the acqniescen f tl long continued, that if I could hold city because of the a jules nee to do so, but the fa that the cannot in this way be affected, pi nothing remains to be don the case but to xpress the of the court may! adopted

eering Ne

A Steel Wire Suspension Bri

iornia. es The Pacitic Bridge Company are docino county, Calif ia, at Cott bridge which is described as fo

The distance from center t

on the towers 1s 0 feet the cable is 23 feet 6 inches Phe the same manner as those of the ¢

Niagara. [he steel wire is about N gauge. and is protected against

a bath, which gives it a fine eleven wires in each strand, sev and one-balt inch rope, and seven The ropes are not tw sted toget

bles but gatk ere 1 ip every six

bands. Each rope 18 warranted

tons. It is made fast to an independent

one by five inches in diameter

feet long, until connection is made w

g; The anchors are of cast iro! I and weigh 1000 pounds each, anc a!

American Gas Light Aourna

] —e

ee th Buriace of t rock Grreat care was these anchors in place by means ot ms which run under the rock on either

I ‘Yr pa ich pit was enlarged so as ispler il chambers, and the rock work,

Portland ce nt, which is built upon the an ted, that the upward strain is

sd to it 1 5 Lhe towers are of redwood

) by 10 inches giving an effec

nehe withstand the strain

5 The wooden truss to pre bration is eight feet high, and of the Phe feet of the bridge 1s

f ve . est suspen number, ar f steel wire, ) I re ire of ifd-inch solid iron, 1 of the bridge is 1000 pounds d, one ton per lineal foot Ii

l i ne-fifth of actual break 1 i Cc wpleted in about es to be a structure which the

e proud of ] Ige, Aug. 2 ;

Trade Notes from Scotland.

Mr m West Watnon, the Glasgow City Cham is just completed his annual report on The Statistics of Glasgow course of his many val”

may be of great use for fature his

I the production of gas under the

; ition Gas C nissioners, the total quantity being 738,376,000 eubie feet It

be worth while to know if, with the exception

f “London, there is any other city in the kingdom there the annual production attains to such a great

xtent Mr. Watson puts down the population within

pality at 00 OUD Of course there are st extensive suburbs, certain portions cf which independent gas supplies. If the latter were

ned with that of Glasgow proper, and the whole

pulation taken as estimated, at 697,775, or praucti-

3 quest mable if any other city,

t hom r abroad, with the exception of Lon 1ea Lat yin coal gas, as the commercial I Scotland, or, as its citizens frequently st it, the Se 1 City of the Empire. Kefer t same subject in his annual statement on orporation A unts, Baillie Collins, who is ex- ected as the Lord Provost for the next years, says that the corporation revenue from gas manufacture amounts to £364,895; and as the exper ure has been greatly reduced, owing to the f the p sof coals, balance is carried to next i int, amounting to not less than £28,736. I f the Glasgow gas is now being kept to a pretty high average In the week ending the May, tl average Uluminating power was in ise under 27 candles, and it was up as bigh as f the testing-stations Che maximum l from 28°44 candles to 30°45 candles.— London

Vanilla as a Waste Product in the Man- ufacture of Paper.—We take the following inter- stion from a recent number of Dingler’s preparation of wood pulp for paper, is treated to a solution of caustic soda under pressure in irou boilers. After the operation lution contains the soda salts of resinic acid acid, and carbonic acid, and some other resin

[In this solution the soda salt of vanilla

must also be present, if it has not been destroyed by pressure and temperature rhe presence of

body 1s indicated by the intense vanilla odor

’ ppears treating the above liquor

nd allowing it to stand a few days. ‘The

yriter above referred to has not yet succeeded in ob t I erystal f vanilla, and hence does not de- ribe his pre full If any of our readers pos

juantities of this lye to experiment

ve have strong hopes that their lebors will ba rded with better success than thuse of our Ger- nd that America will one day boast of a anlilia factory Scientific American

78 American Gas Light Fournal, Aug. 16, 1877.

Metric Weights and Measures.

Apropos of the constantly increasing discussion of

the merits of the proposed Metric weights snd meas- ures, we should not forget the words of John Quincy Adams, in his report to Congress more than a quarter of a century ago.

Mr. Adams gave ample time and all his abilities to the thurough study of the system, and, it is said, after wards spoke of his report as the great work of his life. The reasons that led Mr. Adams to report

against its adoption at that time are no longer in force. The system itself, which has in the last ten years made such wonderful strides that it is now common ly known throughout the world as the ‘‘ universal system, is that of which Mr. Adams deliberately said ‘Considered merely as a labor-saving machine, it is a new power offered to man incomparably greater than that which he has acquired by the new agency which he has given to steam. It is in design the greatest tnvention in human ingenuity since that of printing.” Later in the same report, with words prophetic of what we are evidently soon to see, Mr. Adams says ‘*If man upon earth be an improvable being; if that universal peace which was the object of a Saviour's mission, which is the desire of the philosopher, the longing of the philanthropist, the trembling hope of the Christian, is a blessing to which the futurity of mortal man has aclaim of more than mortal promises if the spirit of evil is, before the final consumation of things, to be cast down from his dominion over men, and bound in the chains of a thousand years,—the foretaste here of man’s eternal felicity,—then this sys- tem of common instrume ts to accomplish all the changes of social and friendly commerce will furnish the links of sympathy between the inhabitants of the most distant region ; the meter will surround thew rid

in use as well as in multiplied extension ; and one lan-

gange of weights and measures will be spoken from the equator to the poles."—Hzchange.

Test for Sulphur in Organic Compounds.

H. Vohl recommends the foilowing as the best method of detecting sulphur in organic compounds The sabstance to be tested is heated in a solution of caustic lime and oxide of lead in glycerin. The latter is prepared as follows: One volume of distilled water is mixed with two volumes of pure glycerin and heat- ed to boiling ; freshly prepared slaked lime is added, little by little, until it is saturated. Freshly p-secipit- ated hydrated oxide of lead, or moist litharge, is added in excess, and the liquid allowed to boil gently fora few minutes, then tightly corked and left to cool, after which the clear liquid is decanted from the sedi mant into a glass vessel that can be tightly corked’

Scie n tific A ne rica nh.

Prices of Gas Coals. a We continue our quotations of the standard gas coals, viz. :

Westmoreland betekaaeeee $4.50) Balt . Penn aera pias 5.50 ko ( Oo SOeeeCES Despard asavenaes 5.35 PIE vcnavnsbaseavedesa . 5.35 Murphy Ruon ieniea) Oe Newburgh Orrel.. 5.35 Ches. and Ohio RR.) a

Caking Coal ) rei Block House. corey 1.75) :

. . Gold f. o.

Glace Bay 4.95 160 t Mi, International $.205 L.60) a Clear Hill 1.00

Cannelton Cannel 10 00 POON nsnccniecsscscvszcs ROO

The recent disturbances in Western Peunsylvyania

and Virginia have caused acessation of shipme

z

from the leading gas coal collieries in those Stat

How soon they will be resumed is a question that time only will solve. So far as the consumers of gas coal in this vicinity are concerned, no inconvenience would result if the strikes wer: prolonged anothe month or two. All the leading companies near 'h eexboard are heavily stocked, and their consumptior

at this season very light It is not pleasant, how- Peoples of Baltimore 25 76

s

ever, to contemplate what might have beer

in ordinary times, of the entite shutting off of sup Pashanter. W..¥ 100 ) 60 ulies of domestic f7as coals. tichmond Co... S. I. 800,000 bis Os LOGOx There has been a growing disposition on the part Woo set, KR. I... 150,000 100 100 “ of consumers to carry smaller stocks of coal, in view Halifax N.S £00, 000 +0 148 150

r Hamilton, Onta Ba’ 150,000 10) 1174

of their ability to supply themselves at short notice San Francisco Ga , with fresh mined coal from our own mines The C S Frisco Cal. 111 112 events of the past month have, however, shown that St. Louis, Missouri... 600,000 a0 id 75 neither the railroeds or coal companies have that con Sullw ter, Min 0 a) oe Saugerties, N. ! 15,000 LOO 5 100 trol over their employees, that will warrant carrying Troy. CiliZeDs 600.000 100 GO this into practice to any extent. A three months strike Toledo, Ohio i 974

in a'l the gas coal mines of Pennsylvania and Virginia woula be avery serious matter, and in view of its - possible occurrence, common prudence would lead t Advertisers Index. keeping on hand a liberal supply of coal at times 2 SUCHE Hees Comey GAS ENGINEERS,

Che importation of provincial coal into the States "

age up to the present time, have been more than donbk Willlar y : S4 that of 1876, and will be still largely increased before James i vaukee, Wis ide ; 3 : E. S. Cathels, Montreal, Canada ST the close of the season Freight from that quarter ‘aati ‘ ¢ G re W. Dresser, New York City S4 have been ste dy at $1.75 for New York, making the ' , , r , GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND cost of the Block House coal at New c Say 84.50, aie aan CONSTRUCTION, apd the Glace Bay S495; these pri es will represent . , ' ’ Herring & vd, New York ¢ 85 the cost of the same coals in New En, nd, where Y H: r. F. Rowland, Greenpoint, L. S5 they are now largely used. I. W. Starr & Son, Camden, N. J. a Deily & Fowler, Philadelphia, Pa S5 . " Kerr Murray, Fort Wayne, Ind S5 Gas Stocks. HOF . George Sta & Co., Cincinnati, Ohio Sh Quotations by W. B. Scott & Co., Bankers, wn & Owen, Philadelphia, Fa Ss 24 Pine Street, New York Ciry. Mackenzie & Sayre Man’f’g Co. 85 : Ay 18 RTT GAS AND WATER PIPES. AvaustT 16, 1877. y McNeals & Archer, Burlinzton, N. J 80 All - F ' ae : hcattes G ester Iron Works, Philadalphia, Pa Si) Campbe Brick & Co., New York City 80 James Marshall & Co., Pittsburgh, Pa ou Gas. Uo. sof IV Cat : N. 2 e R. D. W 1& Co., Philadelphia, Pa 80 Capital, Pai Bid. Asked. S. Decatur Smith, Philadelphia, Pa so e 3 : H. R. Smith & Co., Columbus, Ohio y se sO Central, Westchester 46,000 nO 90 O5 ; VW lam Smith, Pittsburgh, Pa SO FRAT IOM oisc ss cece wees $1,850,000 50 95 100x B. S. Benson, Baltimore, Md 50 Manhattan vescese 4,000,000 50) 200 20 Warren Foundary and Machine Co 7 Metropolitan 2,500,000 100 135 L40 PIPE CUTTING MACHINES, es Scrip... $1,000,000 iF 100 103 A.C, Wood, Syracuse, N. Y 83 a Bonds.. — 500,000 100092 v4 RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. Mutual 5,000,000 100 95 7 Geo. C. Hicks & Co.. igi 66 Bonds, gold. 900,000 1000 105 - Evans & Howard, St. Louis, Mo 83 Municipal... pecndeuse 1.000.000 100 70 au J. H. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J 82 r B. Kreischer & Son, New York City 83 New ( ee mibeadee hs 4.000.000 100 ] 124 elloresin t; : — Adam Weber, New York City. 82 Suburban, W''str 390,000 v buO Gardner Brothers, Pittsburgh Pa 82 Gas Co.'s of Brooklyn. Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works 82 P ‘ ails GAS METERS. Brooklvn SERA oe ad ? 000,000 ae 160 Citizens sedans 1.200.000 20 iD x) Harris, Griffin & ( Philadelph a, Pa. st ‘6 Scrip f : 290.000 1006 74 in Me r Co., Philadelphia, Pa 87 Peonles 000,009 10 1() 15 W. W. G vin & Co., Philade phia, Pa 5 i Bond $ 325,000... 95 Rant, DNS S Sy Seer Te os SS, FD sss 300.000 . 75 s() VALVES. Metropolitan 1,000,000 100 65 70 Chat Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass 88 Nassau ereeeee 1,000,000 50 So Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co., Troy, N. Y 82 3 700,000) L000 U6 ) . — ie ee a ; . J EX HAUSTERS, Williamsburgh - 1,000,000 50 115 2) ‘6 Scrip 100 103 P. Hi. & F. M. Roots, Connersville, Ind $2 Union Co. E N. Y¥ 25 ii DO Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City 6 GAS COALS. Out of To Gas Com y : Penn Gas Coal Co,, Philadelphia, Pa SI Bath, Maine... 70,000 100 Provincial Gas Coals, Perkins & Job, N. Y. & Boston §1 Buffalo Mutual, N. ¥ 750,000 100 bo 70 Waverly il & Coke Co., “6 rT 81 és Bonds 2)0.000 L000 95 OOo in Coal ¢ 81 Baltimore, Md 2,000,000 100 134 New York & Cleveland Gas Coal Co., Pittsburgh, Pa 81 ., gold 1,000,000 LOG 110 Newburgh Orrel Cal Co., Baltimore, Md 81 Bayonne, N J ; ; 14) nV Despard Coal Co,, Baltimore, Md. 81 Brockport, N. ¥ 25,000 100 80 lyr ell Coal Co., Baltimore, Md 81 Citizens. Newark... OTS O00 ) ) 1s Fort Pitt Gas Coals st ‘ : 1O4 ds bat, 000 a Peytona Coal Co., New York City 81 Cincinnati G A ( 190 ps Coal Elevator Co, : 79 Dervy of Coun oo Pee oon ” COKE SHOVELS ’ 1D cE Ss LL East Boston, Mass ) ‘ Fort Wayne, Ind 100 Butler’s Patent, New York City S6 Hannibal. Mo... 100,000 100 ; 100 New York Shovel Co., New York City 36 Hartford, Conn ; 700,000 Is4 LAb BtRNERS. eimpstein i all —S OW) 1(K) - : me Hem] te Lb ir C, H. Meyer & Co., Philadelphia, Pa 4 Jersey City a bai id 386,000 Oo : . ‘ 2 €, Getfroret hiladélehia, Pa ae Mt jamaica, L. 25.000 100 Jacksonville I 120.000 1) S PROCESSES. Lewistown ine $00,000 100 ) 85 Harris, New York City. 85 Lima, Ohi’o ee 60,000 100 Brooklyn. N. ¥ an Bonas 30,006 we udelphia, Pa . 33 Laclede, St Louis Mo 1) Lis GAS FIN TURES, vung Branch . 1.200.000 20) 0 . ° M he Vance & Co., New York City s4 People Jersey City ; Peopl s of Albany H50,000 ) 0 PMVRRALCLIC ELEVATORS. Bond 1,000 L000 al Bodley, Cincinnati, O1

A phere:

sy Ses

ot Pai FN ee

$ z j PS

Aug. 16, 1877 Amevican Gas Light Journal, . 79

Just Pu Bliseted.,

COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME OF 364 PAGES, DEMY 4ro, CONTAININ LATES AND NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS. PRICE $1 2

A Practical Treatise On The

Manufacture And Distribution Of Coal Gas.

BY WILLIAM RICHARDS, C. EK. & F. Ne. SPON, 446 BROOME STREET, NEW YORK,

{31-3m S&S DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUES OF OUR PUBLICATIONS SENT FRI BY MAIL ON APPLICATION. CEMENT. ESTABLISHED 1856. S. L. Merchant & Co., New York City . 87

st, John & Rockwell, New Yore City. ; WARREN FOUNDRY in MACHINE CO,,

CARBON IN RETORTS,. G. W. Edge, Jersey City, N. J WORKS AT PHILLIPSBURGH, N, J. FOR SALE. NEW YORK OFFICE, 153 BROADWAY. Bench Castings, Brooklyn Gas Co.. Experimental Holder, New York Gas Co

em BOOKS, Cast Iron Water and Gas Pipe

Fodell’s Book-Keeping ’ a FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER

Kidd's Guides. ‘ ALSO ALL SIZES OF GAS MACHIINES,

Walworth Manufacturing Co. Boston, Mass FLANCE PIPE for Sugar House and Mine Work.

Springtield Gas Machine Co,, New York City. Branches, Bends, Retorts, Etc., Etc.

The Retort Gas Stove,

strneted on an entirely new and scientific

Proposals

(or Furnishing Gas to the Gity 0 Hamilton. 0. for 10 Years

—

ipl By superheating the gas before it

with the air, perfect combustion is ob

2 ‘ t nau the same oO as wy a) y Sealed Proposals will be received at the office of the City 1, and me work other stoves actu Clerk of the city of Hamilton, Ohio, until 12 o’clock noon of with 33 per cent. tess gas. Does not : f 2 1¢ tup the room or the person using it. Tue THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1877 irene

ean be done in half the for Lighting the Streets and Public Buildings of the City of :

Hamilton with Gas, for a per od of Ten Years, from the 3rd day of June, 1878, according to Plans and Specifications on file at the City Clerk’s Office plication. The City reserves the right to reject any or all bids. Bids will be marked ‘‘ Proposals for Gas,” and addressed to R. B. MILLIKIN, 436—2t City Clerk. Hamiiton, O

Phillips Improved Method Of Removing

Coal Elevator Co., CARBONACEOUS INCRUSTATIONS CINCINNATI, OHIO,

and at Wf the cost of coal, wood, or oi!,

wledged to be the best, and sold by , Which will be furaished on ap- iny gas companies

Send for circular. THE RETORT GAS STQVE Co. Providence. R. I.

From

Miners and Shippers CLAY R E TORTS,

of the trae 3y GEORGE W. EI I

rE, Exar of Jersey Crry Gas Licgur Company. YOUGHIOGHENY FAS GOAL Having been fully tested by 1 Gas ( nie n the United States and England, this method is Submitted toGas Managers with the f lence that it will accomplish the desired result at the smallest Our coal is from the “GAS COAL BED” on‘the Youghiog- possible expense a1 I nie1 heny River, Pennsylvania. Among many othe the} is? t the following Works seing fifst handlers, and having (large facilities, we are Manhattan Gas-] Ht Go New Charleston Gas-Light Co., Charleston prepared to make low special rates on Gas Coal delivered on q : a ee é i track, at all Points in the West and North West. Brooklyn Gas-Light ¢ Bi St. Louis Gas-Light Co., St. Louis. cEPEUuENCRS: Boston Gas-Light Co., Bost New Orleans Gas-Light Co., New Orleans, La. Foon sventanintes dre 26--ly Rock Island Gas Co., Ill. La Clede Gas Co., (St. Louis, For arctan aay t26--lylam Moline Gas Co,, Til. Missouri. Galena Gas Co., Lil, Louisiana Gas Co., Mo, Quincy Gas Co., Lil. St. Charles Gas Co., Mo. TT . aa oh Pa : : Bloomington Gas Co,, Ill. Springfieid Gas Co., Ohio. A POSITION WANTED IN GAS BENCH CASTINGS FOR SALE. Peoria Gas Co., Ill. Cincinrati Gas Co.. Ohio, WORKS AS East St. Louis Gas Co., I'l. Hamilvon Gas Co., Ohio.

Decatur Gas Co., LL Viqua Gas Co., Ohio

Galesburg Gas Cc., Ill. rroy Gas ¢ a a) ail it 1 ALL THE IRON WORK BELONGING TO persteees ie cette. QODEDIDD FE Oe CET tt BENCHES OF FIVES,

Mt, Pleasant Gas Co, lowa. Kenton Gas Co., Ohio,

: ; , . nisting of abont the following viz.: lowa City Gas Co., Iowa. Dayton Gas Co,, Ohio. Refer to William F; 1er, b lv R m 87, ; . otal, me vee Stoux City Gas Co., lowa. R. T. Coverdale, Esa.. Cin. O 14 . , . ° :

re - o 8g. Vii. U. New York 136 29° Tee ar: ~Ms 9 ste Burlington Gas Co., Iowa. E. ul. Pendleton, Esq. Cin., O. N F 225 Feet of Hydraulic Main, 20 in. diameter Flint Gas Co., Mich. I'- G. Gaylord, Esq., Cin., O st

George Stacy & Co., Cin., O. 160 Dip, Bridge, and Stand Pipes, 4, 5, 135-3t J. A. J. SM ITH, te LAMP POSTS si

FOR SALE CHEAP and 6 inch, R SAI BA, iV

TO GAS COMPANIES. WILL CLOSE OU? bt pw 160 Mouth Pieces, D’s, 12" x 20’.

‘ Lids, Cotter Bars, ete., ete. Position WANTED AS ENGINEER, SUPERIN.- Dh navy Crhiay i il Door Frames and Doors TENDENT, or DESIGNING DRAUGHTS- . : . — YAN, Understands thoroughly the manufacture and mani- I above may be seen at any time, and will be sold either pulation of Gas, as well as Construction of Gas Works. etc. SUITABLE FOR STREE! together or in lots, at very reasonable prices, upon applica Address ©. Co Jey care of A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Cuts sent on appiicatior SAM’L P. SNEAD tion at the Engineer’s Office of the BROOKLYN Gas WORKS, Pine Street, N. Y. 433-1t 436-2t 8 , Ky foot of Hudson Avenue, Brooklyn, N, Y. 422—6t ;

80 American Gas Light

Aournal.

Aug. 16, 1877.

Neals & Archer.

Burlington. N. J,

Flange-PipeS

Cast Tron.

For Water

President. Treasurer,

Pipi

And Gas.

David 8. Brown,

JAMES P. MICHELLON, Secretary BENJAMIN CHEW, SE

WILLIAM SEXTON, Superintende{

0 8e8STER IRON Wop,

bak. conan Peat mae RAS ir, ee as # Le ee

Ty Ve © a lie

; 2

Castlron Gas Wale Pipes, Sto Valres Fie Hydrants, Gas Holders, mW

Oflice No. G6 North Seventh Street, Philadel

S. Decatur Smith,

phia.

.B. 8, Benson.

Manufacturer Of

CAST IRON GAS 3 S WATER PIPE, Cast rw Sens and Fittin g3 Foundry, Cor. of York and Moyer Streets, dee PHILADELPHIA. Several Thousand 2, 3, 4,6 and 8 Inch

3 Cas and Water Mains. Cast Lron Gas and Water Pipes on Al

, a 2 ll sizes from 3 to 30 inch cast vertically in 124 feet lengt hand, forimmedinte delivery.

aa? Office & Factory 52 East Montmept St., GAS AND WATER

lit tn BALTIMORE, MD. H. R. SMITH & CO., peed csc il NATIONAL FOUNDRY

Manufacturers Of And Pipe Works.

IRON —- het eS

AND WILKINS STREETS, BRANCH CASTINGS, LAMP POSTS, Etc.

MAINS. _gag

Pittsburgh, Pa

Wme. Smith.

pe from three inch and upwards cast vertically in 12 feet Manufacturer of all Kinds of GAS and WAT BRANCHES, CONNECTIONS, T’s, ELBOWS, and — all CASTINGS USED AT GAS AND

WATER WORKS, special inducements to parties wishing

HEAVY AND LIGHT CASTINGS OF ALL KINDS. DAILY CAPACITY 125 TONS. te?” Our Works connect direct with eleven railroads center tically.

ing in this city, giving us unequalled facilities for shipping N. B.—Pipe from 3 and upwards, cast in 12-ft. to all points, at the lowest rates of freight, 405-ly 6?" SEND FOR CIRCULAR AND PRICE LIST. aa

We offer

Smallman

Zr Pipe

to pur-

hase. My Pipe is Smooth, regular in weights, and cast ver-

lengths,

R. D. Wood & Co.., Philadelphia. Manufacturers Of

CAST IRON PIPE FOR GAS AND WATER Lamp Posts, Valves, Etc.

Mathew’s Pat. Anti-Freezing Hydrants,

400 Chestnut Street.

James Marshall & Co.

Franklin Foundry and Pipe Works,

Manufacturers Of

Gas, Water, And Oil Pipes,

Works, 1ISth, 19th, 20th and Railroad Street. Otfice, No. 23 Nineteenth Street. Pittsburgh, Pa. N.B.—Pipes froma 8-incn and upward? cast in 12 ft. lengths. t2” sond for Circular and Price List

Campbell, Brick & Co.,

Manufacturers Of

Cast Iron Pipes,

For Water And Gas,

Office 112 Leonard Street, Ronert CamMpBELL.

by EY A.

W. CamMpPBELL.

Nw. Xy.

Beick

KIDD’S Gas Consumers’ Cuide

Enables every Gas Consumer to ascertain at a glance, with- ons any previous knowledge of the Gas Meter, the quantity

ind money value of the Gas consumed. Also the best method of obtaining from Gas the largest amount of its light.

It willbe to the advantage of Gas Companies to supply

their Consumers with one of these Guides, as a means of pre-

ints 4ris'tg from their want of knowiedge in regard to the regis ation of their meters. For A. M, CALLENDEN a

riee Street, New Yor?,

venting comy

sale by

Room 18

GAS GENERATORS, FOR LIGHTING Dwelling-Houses, Public Buildings, Churches, Factories, etc., etc,

Send for CIRCULAR

WALWORTH MANUF. CO, No. 69 Kilby Street BOSTON, MASS.

MG@PRINGFIE Lif CAs MACWINED

‘238 Canal St.

Aug. 16, 1877.

American Has

i! Hournatl.

ight

‘New York And Cleveland

Of Pittsburgh, Pa.

Miners And Shippers Youghiogheny Gas Coal.

This Company is prepared t justly celebrated, and acknow

Srs Of

f their edged superior GAS COAL, to any point reached by railroad or navigation. on most favor able terms,

furnish any amount ¢

General Office—384 Penn Avenue, PITTSBURGH, PA.

Cc. & P. RR. Coal Pier CLEVELAND, OHIO. WILLIAM A. McINTOSH, President.

A. CARNEGIE, Vice-President. W. P. DE ARMIT, Treasurer. THOMAS AXWORTHY. Agent

at Cleveland, Ohio.

Peytona Cannel Coal, From West Virginia.

Branch Oflice

ant dol

ly

t n thous

L000 feet standard yield) the

At ten liluminating power is over Purifies 4,510 feet to the bushel of lime. S E. LOW, Secretary, Office, 58 Broadway.

of Gas per ton, and

es.

The Newburgh

Orrel Coal Company,

Mines at Newburg, Preston County, W. Va. Company’s Office, No. 52 8. Gay Street, Baltimore, M¢ C, OLIVER O'DONNELL, Pres'’t.

CHAS. MACKALL, Sec'y.

Cuas. W. Hays, Agent in New York, Room 7, Trinity Build-

ing, 111 Broadway,

a

if This Company offer their very superior Gas Coal at lowest iy market prices. ‘ It yields 10,996 cubic feet of gas to the ton of 2,240 Ibs, of 4 good illuminating power, and of remarkable purity; one bushel of lime purifying 6,792 cubic feet, with a large amount of coke of good quality. Ithas been for many years very extensively used by various F Gas Companies in the United States, and we beg to refer to 4 the Manhattan, Metropolitan, and New York Gas Light Com- panies of New York; the Brooklyu and Citizen’s Gas Light Companies of Brooklyn, N, Y .; the Baltimore Gas Light Com- pany of Baltimore, Md., and the Providence Gas Light Com- pany, Providence, R, 1. Best dry coals shipped from Locust Point, wharves, and prompt attertion given to orders for chartering of vessels 224-ly n OFFER THEIR SUPERIOR ' DESPARD COAL To Gas Light ¢ ‘ompanies throughout the country. Agents, PARMELEE BROTHERS, No. 32 Pine street, N. Y. BANGS & HORTON, No. 31 Duane street, Boston. y Mines in Harrison County, West Virginia. i Wharvea Locust Point, t Compat/’s Office, 15 German St., f Baltimore. y Among the consumers of Despard Coal, we name: Man- e hattan vas Light Company, New York; Metropolitan Gas Light Company, New York ; Jersey City Gas Light Company, 1 N.J.; Washington Gas Light Company ; Portland Gas Light Company, Maine Reference to them is requested, W4-. TYRCONNELL GAS COAL., MINED 1N TAYLOR COUNTY, WEST VA. Company’s Office, 52 S. Gay St., Baltimore, CHARLEs NACKALL, Secretary. CHARLES W. AYS, Agent, Room 7, 111 B’way, N. Y. SHIPPING PorInT—Baltimore, Md, ; This coal yields 10,000 cubic feet of Gas with an illuminat- 7 ing power of over 16 candies. Forty bushels of very superio! & Voke, with little Ash and scarcely any clinker Od-ly

OFFICE, 337 LIBERTY STREET, This Company is prepared to supply any amount of their Celebrated Gas Coal to all points reached by rail throughout the, West.

THE FORT PITT COAL COMPANY, 434-ly PITTSBURGH, PA.

43 can-

Gas Coals.

Th Ee

Penn Gas Coal Company

OFFER THEIR COAL, CAREFULLY SCREENED, AND PREPARED FOR Their Property is located the rheny Coal Basin, near Irwin’s and Penn Station, m the Penns vivania Railroad, 1 You vor he ny Rive i OFFICES No. 11 Merchants Exchange, Phila, 90 Wall Street, New York.

PLACES OF Pennsylvania Railroad, Pier No. Lower Side). Greenwich Wharves, Delaware River.

Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. Se

Cannelton Coal Company

West

Shipment.

366-ly

Of Virginia,

‘

(

Offer for sale the followir West Vir

ginla RICHMOND CANNEL DTON CANNEL, acknowledged to be the n valu ENRICHER l ubic feet of GAS of 64°54 CANDLE POWER

CANNELDTON CAI MAXIMUM YIELD, 5.06 cubic feet of

—gave 16 14-100 Candle-Power COKE, of very fine onality

llieryv

at CANNELTON, Kanawha County

delivered at

ost i !

produced in this country, a gross ton yielhin ¢ COKE 32 bushels, of good quality.

t ING COAT.

A yield of 4°78 cubic feet fper Ib

mind of Coal

raS per p

pws 5 1453 pounds produced from one ton of coal

J. TATNALL LEA, Treasurer, P. O. Box 1747 Philadelphia (PERKINS & JOB, 27 South Street,N. Y. ;

SALES AGENTS 91 State Street, Boston.

Provincial Gas Coals.

Bloch House, In Derna'Tional, Glace Bay,

CATE DONIA,.. and LINGAN COALS. For delivery at any Port in the United States. PERKINS & JOB, 91 STaTe SrREET, Boston “7 Soutn Street, New York

The Waverly Coal And Coke Co.

Offer for Sale the

Youghiogheny Coal

Double Screened,

Yolliery at Smith’s Mills, on the Youghiogheny River, thirty-seven and a half miles aontherly

ra

from their

of Pittsburgh. This Coal has ‘he preference in Pittsburgh over all other YOUGHIOGHENY (2QAL for GAS PURPOSES

The facilities of the WAVERL2 CYMPANY are unsurpassed by those of any other Company on the Youghiogheny.

Full particulars can be had by addressing

PERKINS & JOB, Agents,

27 South Street, New York,

at 91. State Street, Boston,

American Gas Light dournal Aug. 16, 1877.

Improved Gas Exhauster;,

With Engine Attached On Same Bed Plate.

P. H. & F. M. ROOTS, Pattentees and Manufrs, CONNERSVILLE, IND.

8. 8S. TOWNSEND, General Agent, 6 Cortlandt st. NEW YORK CCOKE & BEGGS, Selling Agents. 6 Cortlandt St,, N. Y.

Anat

Advantages Claimed For This Exhauster.

1. it is simpler than any other Exhauster. The internal operating parts consist of only two pieces, cast entire. and can not get out of o:aler, 2. Every part requiring care or attention, is external and easily accessible. All changes, adjustments, and repairs are made from the outsids 3. The revolvers, though practically gas-tight, do not run in actual contact, hence there is no friction, anda great saving of power effected 4. They are built in the most complete and substantial manner, and of any required size, with steel shafts and improved journal bearings 5. We furnish Exhausters and Engines combined on same Bed Plate, as shown above, or the Exhauster only, as may be required. 6. We also furnish Bye Passes and Gas Valves on improved plans, also Exhauster Governors and Elbows, Pipes, Drawings, etc.

Send for Illustrated Catalogue, giving details of capacity, speed, power required, price, and references to parties using them.

P. H. & F. M. Roots.

Ludlow Manhattan

Valve Manf’g Co FIRE BRICK & ENAMELLED CLAY ©9 OFFICE AND WORKS R E T Oo R T Ww ©) R K S ° 938 to 954 Kiver Street and 67 to S3 Vail Ave ADAM WaSEe, TROY, NEW YORK. (Successor to MAURER & WEBER.) PROPRIETOR,

BRASS AND IRON SLIDE VALVES, orc: ana works, 15m street, avenne ¢

Manufactures of

(Double and Single Gate w% inch to 36 inch—outside and inside screws, Indicator etc.) for Gas, Water and Steam- FIRE BRICK AND TILES, HYDRAULIC MAIN DIP REGULATORS. OF a ees aes ee, FIRE MORTAR, CLAY AND SAND. Ala s#~ Articles of every description made to order at short FIRE HYDRANTS ie .

Gardner Brothers, Manufaoturers Of

Clay Cas Retorts, Retort Settings, Fire Bricks, Etc.

WORKS, LOCKPORT, WESTMORE- LAND CoO., PA. Office, 964 Fourth Avenue, PITTSBURGH, PA. J R. SCOTT, Gen’'l Agent for Ney England, 228 Wasnington St. Boston.

Send For Circulars.

References Furnished.

J. H. Gautier & Co..

Corner Of Greene And Essex Streets, Jsersey City, N. J.

Manufacturers Of

Clay Gas Retorts, Gas House Tiles, Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc.

Ground Clay, Fire Brick an¢é

Fire Sand in Barrels, ALWAYS ON HAND.

J. H. Gautier. C, E. Gregory.

Brooklyn Clay Retort

And

Fire-Brick Works.

Van Din Ke Street. Brooklyn. N. ¥.

EDWARD D. WHITE Surviving Partner of the late tirm

J. K, BRICK & COs 402-1y

oe

CLAY GAS RETORTS, GAS HOUSE TILES ANp

a

cait Oas Light Mournal. 83

(

Aug. 16, 1577. Amer

A. Cgc. Wood'S Piph Cuttehe,

PATENTED MAY 23rd, 1876.

This Is The Only Wand Machine In The World For Cutiing

Cast Iron Pipe.

+ a

ms

‘ iw $

Mubllclocl Eal!

Le ——— aa aja J.

. . ‘ . , : ae . sing an. 8M00 and sat eut. Also It will cut Cast or Wrought Iron Pipe, Shafts, or Columns of any size, making a clean, smooth, and square cut. Also,

A Continuous Line of Pipe in a Trench or Building.

Onr Machines for cutting 30-INCH PIPE have been furnished to the Manhatten and New York Gas Light Companies, end operate to their er-tire satisfaction.

tisfacto rest oO f atic f a8 Sno amafinr alund Machines have been in ptactical use for more than a year with the most satisfactory results. For further information address

z 4 : ‘ilbert Sts., Philadelphia. - ©. US k. BROWN & OWEN, 20th and Fil 3ts., oo ane jag Bag A atrect. WN. ¥. MORRIS, ‘TASKER & CO., 36 Oliver Street, Boston, Mass. Tiwi SSS aoe - FOR SALE. yo & 2) ap yA —— : 2 —— — - 9 ne a Sr ae sw (83,10 (/AW or: SS OSs6 53986 FP GSMO OU ay) AN EXPERIMENTAL HOLDER Se VEEL BF AO & ae 7 a — : 3 : C eae eee CHELEENHAM: FIRE GLAY Mm S25 733 El gnsE°9 -e. 23%%25- 800 Cubic Feet Capacity oaZebae” & AS “ie SEU Oeas S4.2.383 sion g aS w 7 a Zz WROUGHT IRON COLUMNS, gaueeg Pom. s ; fj pave: % ec COUNTERBALANCES, ETC., ETC., Reba’ 8 4 IN COMPLETE WORKING ORDER. os. a - nee Zs lo be seen at the Works of the eBeESos ak 4 ™ . SHEGZEE NEW YORK GAS-LIGHT COMPANY, eTHROUGH CARS LOADED AT FACTORY FOR ALL ACCESSIBLE POINTS, Twenty-First Street and Avenue A, CITY OFFICE, 916 MARKET STREET, ST. LOUIS, MO. New York City. z é Where full particulars, as regards p?:ce, etc, NE W YOR kK FI R E B RICK A N D ( 43 , 1 Y may be obtained. ESTABLISHED IN 1845. gy Corner of Jay and Water Streets, Brancn Works at KieIscHERVILLE, Staten IsLAnp. BROOKLYN. N. Y. . . : ; AVING GRANTED THE USEC ONE OF RB. KKREISC I ikR Pe tet I my Patents to the Gas-Light Company of Amenca aud settled my claim against them. I inform the profession Office, Foot of Houston Street, E. R., N. Y. that 4 continue to erect Works and sell Licenses to nse my ’ Patents for making Gas from Petroleum. Ga as j z et ort 'TRhiles n nd Hy re I 3 ric elk as a an enrich your Coal Gas toany desired standard, by

g my process, in the simplest manner, and much ¢ heaper 7 . Tra r ianberitenin than by any other method, OF ALL SHAPES AND SIZES. 1 W. C."WREN

Fire Mortar. Clay zi nd Sand. THR LOWE GAS PROCESS r Articles of Every Description made to Order at the shortest notice. . sArticles of Every Desori ms i A . — S. A. STEVENS & CO,

Sole Agents,

Room 87, Astor House

The Coal Market.—A month's suspension of *ough into which it had fallen. We do not think

coal mining in whole, or in part, will be prodactive there need be any fear as to any possible high of great good to the trade in every direction ; it will) ™ ige of prices (euch as we 1 during th mbina

deplete the stocks on hand, tend toward better prices. rye. 3 ae , but that we have passed the era P. 0. Box 1110, NEW YOKS. . 2 of unprontabie prices, there can be no doubt. —‘¢ ALIN ND and be the means of bringing the business out of the Trade Journal, : ss ly

100 430 WALNUT Srrer‘r, Puapecrn,a.

wht Houviual, joe 16,

Zs

Ek?

Man

CINCINNATI‘GAS*WORKS, ERECTED 1871-72-73.—-WM. FARMEK, Ena.

Laclede Gas Works, Erected 1872.—Wm.

William Farmer,

Architect And General Gas Engineer,

Farmer, Eng.

111 BROADWAY, TRINITY BUILDING, Room 95, New York, mn WILLIAM FARMER may be consulted upon all matters connected with the construction of GAS WORKS, or any other description of buildings.

furnish General and Detail Drawings, Specifications and Estimates for Gas Works of any capacity. PATENTEE OF THE FOLLOWING INVENTIONS: Exhausters for Gas and Foul Lime Ventilation,

Will

Dumping Barrows for Coal, Coke and Lime, Hydraulic Mains for Retort Benches, Blowers for Forges, Foundries, &c.

Pumps for Water, &c., &c.

as of

References: C

:

Gen, CoHAS. Roome, President Manhattan Gas-Light Company, N. Y. GEN, A. HICKENLOOPER, Vice-President Cincinnati Gas-Light Co., Cincinnati, Ohio

A. W. BENSON, President Brooklyn Gas-Light Company, Brooklyn, N. Y. FREDERICK CROMWELL, Vice-President Laclede Gas-Light Company. St. Louis Me t W. W. ScarBorovaa, President Cincinnati Gas-Light Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. C, VANDERVOORT SmiTH, Engineer Manhattan Gas-Light Company, N, Y. 11 8. L. Husrep, President Laclede Gas-Light Company, St. Louis, Mo. JAMES R, SMEDBERG, Consulting Engineer, San Francisco, Cal. : Professor B. SILLIMAN, New Haven, Conn, Prof. HENRY WURTz, 12 Hudson Terrace, Hoboken, N. J. fe is

JAS. H. WALKER, SEN. J. H. WALKER, JUN. ee see Se Nene :

LATE ENGINEER AND SUPT aicesnepesciesstenalael

- James H. Walker & Son.

CONSULTING and CONSTRUCTING

Gas Engineers.

Contractors For The Erection & Working Of Gas Works.

Plans and Estimates sent on Application. ROOM 16, 408 MILWAUKEE STREET,

And Every Description of GAS FIXTURES,

Also Manufacturers of

Public Halls, Lodges, &c,

Manufacturers Of

MI II saWAU Ik Ee E, Pe solicit: specifications from Gas

evators, of the Direct or Compe ted by Water from Street Main,

for this purpose, R E F E RE N Cc E $. ASHAEL FINCH, Pres't Milwaukee Gas Co. ALEX. McMILLAN,

Address for circulars THE LANE Hon

Pres't La Crosse Gas Co

Salesroom, 436 BROADWAY NEW YORK fal designs furnisued for Gas Fixtures for Churches

CHANDELIERS! u

and Marble Clocks, warranted best Time-

The Lane & Bodley Co.,

‘Hydraulic Elevators

mnpanies for Hydrau- yund form, to be opera ir from Tanks supplied

& BODLEY CoO., [John and Water Streets, Cincinnati.

’ BR Toa: . Ve refer to Willis farmer, Esq., Gas Engineer, No, 1)! E H. BROADHEAD, Pres't First National Bank. ©. W. LOBDELL, Pres't Molin Tt Gee 4 hasangis bs am Farmer, Esq., Gas Engineer, N JOHN JOHNSTON, Marine and Fire Ins. Bank. J. J. RANDALL, Winona, Minn.. Gas C Cincinnati Gas-Light and Coke

JAMES RUSSELL, Superintendent Winona, Minn.,

Laclede Gas Co., two m machine, Evansville, Ind, Newark, N, J.

; Washington Gas

Gas Cov. Innath ; e Gas ( O., one e machine, chines, Pittsburg ton, D.C,

GEO. W. DRESSER, ©. GEFRORER. . CIVIL ENGINEER. Gas“ np...

Importers Of

o., three machines, Cin- chines, St. park

Evans-

; Newark Gas Pittsburg Gas Co., two two machine

CHAS. H. MEYER & CO., 27 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.,

Burners. Trinity Building: Gas Heating And Cooking Apparatus.

Fitters’ Proving Apparat'S, Etc.

ROOM‘90 No. 248 North Eighth Street, Phils delphi,

lll BROADWAY;

Lava Tips And Scotch Tips.

All Orders Delivered Free To New York.

’ y

Aug. 16, 1877. Amevican Gas Light Fournat. 85

!

BAKER, HERRING & FLOYD. ’ eee Oregon Tron Foundry Continental W orks, (rection of GREENPOINT. BROOKLYN, N. Y.

Murray & T. F. Rowland,

Practical

And Contractors for the Gas Works,

738, 740, 742 and 744 Groenwich St,, N. Y

Manufacturers Of All The Latest And Most Manufacturers Of

MPR tATUS T S F - , . — wmNrarete ee a ee eee, ALL KINDS OF CASTINGS THE MANUFACTURE & DISTRIBU- AND TION OF COAL GAS,

Apparatus For Gas-Works,

WORKS AT THE RAILWAY DEPorTs,

FORT WAYNE, INDIANA. BENCH CASTINGS from benches of one to six Ret We manufacture Bet Washers, “The Im- WASHERS: MULTITUBLAR AND

evsed Multitubular,” an ric Condensers, Wet and z 2 aa : ; “ : AIP CONDENSERS : CONDEN-

Lime Purifler ry Center $ Telescopic and Single is Holders, Wrought Iron Trussed Roof for Iron or Slate§ SERS; SCRUBBERS, 1 and Iror for Purifiers, Coke and Coal Carts, wet and dry), and pnt iror ; E Wrough IX HAUSTERS fever) Gas-Works for reé r Ketorts fr sMr. M V i I 1, we will furnis BENDS and BicAN( HES sand sp st 5 issoct ns, or will wait of all sizes and descripti nally upon pur S ailing the construction of works, or the alteration or extension of old ones y most Satisfactory references can be given, if required FLOYD'S PATENT experience and commercial fairness which character . : or EN >ryy ns our dealings. RIALLEABLE RETORT LID. We would respectfully inviie Western mento call and see natterns aud works here MURRAY & BAKER, rort Wayne, Indiana SABBATON’S PATENT

The Furnace Door Ane Frame. Isller’S Cement

NATIONAL COAL GAS COMPANY, 5. scoping icars in

No. 4 Warren Street, New York. GAS GOVERNORS,

ll OFFICE OF

Ss]

a. P. ALLEN, President. and everything cennected with well regulated ¢ low price, alia in plete order i. B. BRICE, Vice-President, N. RB. STOP ‘Vv AL VES fr t 4. BE. ALEEN very low prices, ° . A Dy Secretary. . : . , vORNAs SILAS C. HERRING. JAMES R. FLOYD Wi. J. VALENTINE, Treasurer.

GEORGE W. HARKEIS, Engineer.

1842. Deily & Fowler Laurel Iron Works Address, 39 Laurel Street,

Philadelphia.

Manufacturers Of

Cas Holders,

Single And Telescopi(

This Company is the owner of the AMERICAN HY DROG

Lighting or He

Gw Ynne-

ARBON process,

ITARRIS, or for making Gas for p rfect is known as the ‘ mMmewTnre HARRIS PATENTS. This process has been fully tested nearly 50,000,000 cubic teet of Gas having been made under it, and fully demonstrat- ing the fact that it is the greatest improvement ever made in the manufacture of Gas, either for Lighting or Heating h half aton of Anthracite Coal 150,000 cubic

ating purposes, by the decom position

of superheated steam, under what

Gwynne And

rposes, Wit

fe eto f Gas pe r day is made from three benches, and the labor OR WROUGHT IRON GUIDE FRAMES is sosmall that one man can attend three or four benches. The process can be put into either Co tl or Oil Gas Works We are prepared to furnish Holders, Wrou n I (or where both Coal and Oil are used) at small cost, without Frames, Bench Castings, Condensers, S$ any interruption to the working of other benches, The Citi- ; in lila fea . zens Gas-Light Company of Brooklyn, after using it for more Drips, Bends, Tees, and all other n than seven months, have fonnd it not only far better, but a Gas Works. Previous to 1868 our Mr. D.t ’ tually cheaper than ati sph 7 ui! in Inaking Gas, witht and fifty-four Hol Since that date we . use of petroleum and its products el ep ] Further informatio ina terms of sale of rights will Gas Works and fort: H ers. We given, pon appilt stien tas ths Compsny 3458-ly the erection of all our work, and would refer t panies at the following places, where we have tH BROWN & OWEN co : 9 Lancaster, Pa. Barnes rs) ime- Wil lamsp rt, Pa, Franklit i SNCFACTURERS OF Bristol, Pa. Jacksonv ( itasaqua, Pa. J i EVERY DESCRIPTION OF Kittanning, Pa. Lawrence, Ka K Hazelton, Pa.} Jefferson Cit eport Pa. Algiers, N. O he r . i Kalama 1 f n ya Ql Buffalo, N. ¥ Pa Edel irg, N. ¥ ‘ War NY I aE Litt 4 N. ¥ Particular attention given to the alterations of old works Aunapolis, Ma. Penn Yar N. ¥ ; furnist Parkersburg, Wes Watkins, N. ¥ Estimates and Drawings furnished. Lynchburg, Va. Gloucester. ? ee ton Youngstown, O°; Salem, N.J s Address a ymmunications to seammameiin 0°." Mount Holly, N. J, Piainfield, N. J oc rT ” - ‘ . . ° V. W. Cor. 12th and Nobis Streets, I ‘ ‘s a Dover Pittsfi i.M $24) PHILADELPHIA, M en C¢

Mackenzie & Sayre Man’F’G Co.,

1 141 Broadway, New York.

roprietors of P. W. MACKEN 7IES PROCESS AND APPARATUS f ig G f) Ordin Gas Coals, enriched with Cannel or Oil. Also, Ma Making Heating Gas smelting, Meltiug, Puddling, Forges, Boilers, Fte. A

nzic’s New Engine and Boiler.

we a

WY. feiacke

With Cast

: Gas Works, Smelting Works & Machinery.

Engin And Manufacturer Of

Eer

Of Any Magnitude,

8 S ers, Purifiers, Retorts, Hydraulic Mains, es connected with the Manufacture and Gas, furnished with despatch. Plans

oposals given

S i prepared, and Pr 8 y Plans for Lighting Cities, vns, Mans s, and Manufactories, JESSE W STARR & SON,

Camden Iron Works

Camden, New Jersey, in Philadelphia No. 435 Chestnut St., Firm can be seen p.m. daily.

Office where a member of the between 12 m. and 2 TURERS OF APPARATUS FOR GA8

Manufa( Astings And Works,

hidoccltpeetet Iron Roof Frames,

nd other houses. Retorts and all castings re ting them in the latest and most improved W ASHERS, ( ONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS and EXHAUSTER® ) ‘tor tr ym pressure, PURIFIERS, varying

‘ feet daily purifying capacity.

Wr ought mein Lime Sieves

for Purifier Station Meters of al

Gas Holders,

And Single

All Kinds Of (¢

ll sizes,

Telescopi(

t ast iron guide and suspension frames. GAS GOV tNORS REGULATORS, STREET MAINS, from 14 tc NCHES DIAMETER, for WATER GAS. Street Main con is, Such as BRANCHES, BENDS, Drips, SLEEVES, etc, Ss VALVES, from 8 to 30 inches, for both Water and Gas.

Wrought lron Work.

‘ Iron work required in and abou ks 226-tf

gE WV TA! JESSE W. STARR, JR. iE STACEY HENRY RANSHAW WM. STACEY GEO. STACEY & CO. MANUFACTURERS OF SINGLE AND TELESCOPIO GAS-HOLDERS, AND ALL KINDS OF ‘ast and W Pietiinteh Iron Work 1 of Gas and Cos 1 Works,

MILL STREET; Nos. 33, 35, 37 and 39.

on Workson RAMSAY STREET Cina

y REI 4 is-Light Co. Baton Rouge, La., Gas Co, sg @ ( 4 Mich... Gas Co, ( : t Co. Oshkosh, Wis., Gas Co, I Gas i, Lil, Gas Co, ( ( y, 1 he igen ) paign a , Gas Co, Mi an Ca iville, "Gas Co. ( M s CO, I ng Green, Ky., Gas Cc nN iS, Gas Hamilton, Ohio, Gas Co. ( Vi t Miss., Gas Co, ( , Cal, Gas Co, I Cov Eng’r Cincinnati, cal others, J

86 American Oas Right Aournal Aug. 16, 1877

INTERNATIONAL--1876--EXHIBITION. ao py 1

The U. 8. Cecibenntal iasiitesion FA cama nce Y

HAVE DECREED AN AWARD TO Bra Sar SM aMEES yo Ss ; Re;

HARRIS, GRIFFIN & CO., 0 io

I2Vthand Brown) Sts., Philadelphia, and 49 Dey St. WS. W. LL ss. A,

FOR THE FOLLOWING REASONS : The Exbibit consists of a Series of METERS from the Largest Size Station Meters for the use of tl MANUFACTI Ric OF GAS. the ORDINARY CONSUMER. ‘The Instruments are WELL MADE, RELIABLE as to INDICATION, and em! with the general character of the Exhibit, entitle the whole to commendation.

Dun be

Attest—J. L. CAMPBELL, Signed—A. T. GOSHORN,

J. R. HAWLEY Secretary, pro-tem.

Director General GROUP JUDGES. AMERIUAN, ROPER

Pror. JOSEPH HENRY, LL.D., Secretary of Smithsonian Institution, Wash- Srr WILLIAM THOMSON, LID

ington, D. C. JUL. SCHTEDMAYER, Ger: Pror. F. A. P. BARNARD, S.T.D., LL.D., President of Colambia College, N. Y Mr. E. LEVASSEUR, Franc: Pror. J. E. HILGARD, Washington, D. C. P. F. KUPKA, Austria. pror. J. C. WATSUN, Ann Arbor, Michigan. EDW. FAVRE PERRET, Switzerland j Genera HENRY K. OLIVER, Salem, Massachusetts. GEORGE F. BR ISTOW, New Yi ork.

(IA ( ~D. OL. BR , Crreat Brita Laney

SMITH & SAYRE MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 21 Cortlandt Street, New York, PROPRIETORS AND MANUFACTURERS OF Mackenzie's Patent Gas Exhausters.

NEW YORK SHOVEL WORKS. 1HE BEST AND MOST RELIABLE 1N USE. a SCOOPS & SPADES 2

Manufacturers Of

Shovels And Scoops A Specialty

‘or Gas-Light Companies.

New Church Sts.

Dean’S Patent

Coke Screening Scoops.

Frames are 12 by 1S inch, seven bars, best Malleable Ir

ie United States.

Building, Cortlandt cor.

xen,

A. See & Son,

14-ly 1358 Broadway, N. Ve

yal and Iron Exchangt

Reduction.

) BUTLER'S. PATENT COKE Screening

i ei

-~PARATUS of every description.

Cx

Office ey

refer to all the Gas-Light Companies of tl

JET EXHAUSTER and SURFACE CONDENSER, with AUTOMATIC WATEE OVERNOR for regulating Pressure of Gas in Street Mains.

We

APPARATUS for Foul Lime of Purifying

1 Bends and GAS AI

HERRING & FLOYD, Sole Agents,

710 Greenwich St., Ne Ve

Isnett’s BALANCE VALVE COMPENSATOR ‘and AUTOMATIC BYE-PASS are used in connection with this

Ispeiy’s Dovste Gate STOP VALVES for Water and Gas.

tEGULATOR, CHARLES W.

a G.

SHOVELS oe 4<UBu 8 © 2 aaa eae whats DP & o£ a on r Se ESzsas $30 per Dozen. af OnNeSig -— wt ae oS Re Te Ilandies of SECOND GROWTH ax AOE& -F TIMBER, SEEELED POINTS, and “a OR OB SUPERIOR EXCELLENCE, In a oz SS hm respects guaranteed, @eB & Refer to all the principal Gas Com z NSN SS ee panies of tiis country and Canada, cw a of Orders addressed only to ea: qe6=6 cS

¥

) Piss

Aug. 16, 1877. American Gas Light FZournal, kes

I. Cc. HOPPER, Pres't. & Gen’l Supt. WM. H. HOPPER, Vice-Pres’ WM. N. MILSTED, Treas. WM H. DOWN, See.

American Meter Company,

Manufacturers Of

Wet and Dry Gas Meters (with Slide or Rotary Valves), Station Meters, Dry Centre Valves, Pressure Re criste rs, Pressure and Vacuusa Registers, Meter Provers, King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Exhanster Governors, Experimental Meters, W atchman’s Clocks, Etc., Ete. 243° Sole Agents for W. Suaa’s PHOTOMETRICAL and ANALYTICAL GAS AP ARATUS

A full assortment of the above kept at the Manufactories and Agencies, where orders may be addres Agencies American Meter Compauy, ; : , : West Twenty-s id Street, New York. 37 W: oe Canal Street Chi Ay ind ears eats iad Oise Pl iiladelphia. 20 Sonth ina ree 1CcAagO, nll Olive Street, St. Louis. i

HARRIS, HELME & MeILHENNY, Successors to Harris & Brother.

ESTABOIISEED 1848. PRAGCTIOAL GAS WATER WANUVUPACTURBRS, Continue as heretofore at the OLD ESTABLISHMENT, Nos. 1115 and 1117 Cherry Street, Philadelphia Pa.,

To manufacture Wet and Dry Gas Meters, Station Meters, Experimental Meters, Meter Provers, Centre Seals, Governors,

Pressure Registers, Indicators, Photometers, and all kinds of Gas Apparatus ; Also furnish all ot hea Artic les appertaining to the use of Gas Works.

‘ 7 "ae . 1) From gg? long P ractical i: mpertence of the RB Uusiness (covering a period of ye Yy ars\ and fre Or)* personal Supe TUUSON of avi York, we can qui trantee all orders to be exec uted promptl Y, an lin every respect ttisfactori/

WASHINGTON HARRIS. WILLIAM HELME JOHN McILHENNY.

William W. Goodwin & Co.

No. 1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert Street,

Philadelphia, Penn’a. MANUFACTURERS OF Dry and Wet GAS METERS, Station Meters (Square, Cylindrical or in Staves) Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Mete rs, Ete., Ete., Meter Provers (sizes 2, 5 and 10 feet), Pressure Guages of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vac mum Ke- gisters, Pressure Indie ators (sizes 4 inch, 6 inch and 9 ingh), King’s, Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Centre Seals, Dry and Wet Gov-

ernors, Exhauster Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia ‘Test Apparatus complete—also ‘Testing and Chemical ‘Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas,

Coodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer.

W. W. Goodwin is the author of the History and Principles involved in the use of Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Also Patentee and we are the SOLH MANUFACTURERS of the ORIGINALand ONLY DIAL whereby the CANDLE POWER and PRESSURE can be instantly read, and all others are infringements

Special attention to repairs of Meters, and ali apparatus connected with the business.

All work guaranteed first class in every particular, and orders filled promptly.

WILLIAM WALLACE GOODWIN. 335 ly] HOWARD KIRK, Special Partner.

S (AT EI S Portland Cement, ’ area Roman Cement, § per bbl

ee Keene’s White Cement,

Consulting Gas Engineer, Sellurs Gas Cement.

4 Cents per lb. English Fire Brick, No. 1, $28 per M.

Having had twenty-five years experience in Gas Engineering, and the practical management of Gas Works, is

5)

prepared to advise Gas Companies on the Construction of new, and Enlargement and Improvement of Exist 2 : : ss ts ing Works, and on the Utilization of Residual Products. — iaatetriphan — Plans, Specifications, and Estimates supplied. Also Working Drawings and Specifications of his Im IMPORTERS. proved Retort Settings, and S. L. MERCHANT & CO., ? ; : Ip a3 Be Iway, New Y¥ kK Retorts Set by Contract and Guaranteed. i$ asroadway, New York,

Just below Trinity Church, 344-ly et?” Remit 10 cents postage for “ Practicai Treatise on

Gathels Effective Gas Washer NOW READY AND FOR SALE, supplied by Messrs. HERRING & FLOYD, Onzcon Inoy Fouxpry, 738 and 744 Greenwich Street, N. Y FOD LL’S THE sb. JOHN & ROCKWELL CO's System of Bookkeeping

Pa'Ttent Gas Scrubber. For Gas Companies.

Price $5, which sho

e sent either in Check, P, O, Order

Is guaranteed to be the best in use for the extraction of 7AR, SULPHUR, NAPHTHALINE, Ete. or Registered Letter. Positive ly reliable at all seasons and in all climates. Reduce ing the labor and exps of Purification 50 per Blank Books, with printed headings and forms on tlis sys. cent. At the same time largely increasing the quantity and quality of Gas produces Also doing away with tem, will be supplied to Gas Companies, by applying to W. ? Cannel Coals, Naphtha. and other enric hing materials. We invite the attention of a Gas Companies to our Fopr LL, Paiiudeiphia, or improvements. Full information furnished on application to THE ST, JOHN & ROCKW ELL C O., A, M. CALLENDER & CO,,

59 and 61 Liberty Street, N, Y. 432-6m Of'ice Gas LIGHT JOURNAL, 4% Pine St N.Y.

88 American Gas Light FZournal, Aug. 16,

Hapman Valve Mig, Co,,

MANUFACTURERS ur Fees ESPs VEAL Ue

Fire Hydrants,

With BABBITT METAL SEATS.

Hapman Gas Valves

Have been in use since 1869, and are pronounced by

all who have used them to be

Superior To All Others For Gas Purposes.

They afford a direct passage the full size of the pipe. The seats are made of an

alloy similar to BABBITT metal, specially prepared for the purpose, and superior to all other metals used for the seats of Gas Valves, as it does not corrode.

There NO LIABILITY OF COHESION between the Gate and Seat, and the Valves can be relied upon to SHUT TIGHTLY and OPEN EASILY at all times —an important desideratum when used for street mains, in cases of fire.

Valve. M'F'G Co.

All Valves Guaranteed.

We refer to the following named Gas-Light Companies among the many that have used these Valves:

Boston Gas-Light Company, Mass. Worcester Gas-Light Company, M ass outh Boston Gas-Light Company, Taunton Gas-Light Company, 3 wd Gas-La bt Companys - rewater ( Light ¢ 2 th Gas-Light (¢ pany, Middleboro’? Gas-Light Company, Marblehead Gas-] Company Leominster Gas-Light Company, Waltham Gas-Light Company, Malden & Melrose Gas-Light Compa: : Chelsea Gas-Light Company, “ Quincy Gas-Light Company, Wi Fitchburg Gas-Light Company, “ Woburn Gas-Light Company, Manchester Gas-Light Company, N. H, Marlboro’ Gas-Light Comp: Providence Gas-Light Company, RI. Louisville Gas-Light Company, Louisville, Ky. Concord Gas-Light Company, ee Clinton Gas-Light Company, Pawtucket Gas-Light Company, “ Cincinnati Gas-Light Company, Cinc ti, O Nashua Gas-Light Company, “ Milford Gas-Light Company, ” Newport Gas-Light Company, People’s Gas-Light-Company, 1 , N.Y Exeter Gas-Light Company, “ At oro’ Gas-Light Company, . New Haven Gas-Light Company, Conn. Citizen’s Gas-Light Company, “ “ Dover Gas-Light Company, “ I nee Gas-Light Company, xi Portland Gas-Light Company, Maine. Williamsburg Gas-Light Co. Portsmouth Gas-Light Company, “ Lowell Gas-Light Company, ” Lewiston Gas-Light Company, S Brooklyn Gas-Light Company, ; Great Falls Gas-Light Company, N. H. Lynn Gas-Light Company, Calais Gas-Light Company, Citizens’ Gas-Light Company, Newark, N. J. ; St. Albans Gas-Light Company, Vt. Springfield Gas-Light Company, - Rockland Gas-Light Company, Peoria Gas-Light Company, Peoria, Ill. 4 Office and Salesroom, 77 KILBY STREET, BOSTON. Works at INDIAN ORCHARD, MASS.