The lead and zinc mining industry of southwest Missouri and southeast Kansas;

Holibaugh, John R · 1895 · Historical

The lead and zinc mining industry of southwest Missouri and southeast Kansas; by Holibaugh, John R (1895). Full text and reference in the Mountain Man Mining…

Public-domain full text preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library. Original source: archive.org.

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The

Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

Of

Southwest Missouri and Southeast Kansas

By

John R. Holibaugh,

Mining Engineer.

Reprinted Partly from "The Engineering and Mining Journal.'

Tt

New York And London:

The Scientific Publishing Co.

-s

Copy'Righted 1895 By

The Scientific Publishing Company.

V- r

The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

Of Southwest Missouri And

Southeast Kansas.

The discovery of the zinc ore deposits of this district was made while developing and operating the lead mines in 1870-71. At first the blende was regarded as worthless, the dark variety being called black jack' and lighter color resin tiff/' and when either of these were struck while operating for lead, it was assumed by the miners that the lead ore had played out. Early in 1872, W. S. Mesplay recognized the material as zinc ore and shortly afterward published an article which attracted some attention to the deposits. Shortly after this Mr. Henry Blow, then superintendent of the Granby Mining and Smelting Company, made an examination of the deposits and had some samples analyzed in St. Louis. The results proved so satisfactory that he interested Mr. Lee Taylor, then foreman of the same company, and the latter purchased some black jack at from $3 to $4 per ton, selling it afterward to ore buyers who came into the camp.

The first shipment of ore was made in September, 1872, by Patrick Murphy and E. D. Porter, who loaded about ten tons and shipped to Matthiessen & Hegeler's reduction works, at La Salle, 111., in order to have it tested and ascertain its commercial value. This proved that . the foreign matter found associated with the lead deposits of this district was a high grade zinc blende. This, in brief, brings us up to the date of the production, which will be found in the table from 1873 to 1894, inclusive, and makes a grand total of 1,407,832 tons of 2,000 lbs., that was sold for $27,722,858*

Area of the Zinc Mining District.

The area covered by actual development and producing mines includes the southeast comer of Cherokee County, Kansas, Jasper, Kewton, Barry and Green Counties, Missouri. This district embraces about 100 miles from east to west and about 30 miles from north to south. It is geologically classed as the mining field of the Ozark uplift and is so designated in the report on the

The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

Upper Mississippi lead re<?ion, made by the United States geological survey in 1802.

The southeastern ledd-fields are of limite:! extent, embracing portions of the counties of Jefferson, Washington, St. Francis, Ste. Oeneve, and Madison, curving in irregular area in the northeastern part of the Ozark upheaval. The lead and zinc mining fields of the southwest cover that section of the country drained by the tributaries of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers, where the States of Kansas, Missouri and Arkansas, and Indian Territory, come nearly together. In Kansas only the southeastern part of Cherokee County, the extreme southeastern corner of the State, belongs to this mineral area. In Missouri are included the counties of Jasper, Newton, McDonald, Barry, Lawrence, Dade, Stone, Tanney, Christian, Douglas, Greene, Webster, Wright, Polk, Dallas, Camden and Morgan. In Arkansas the region covers the northwestern tier of counties, embracing Benton, Carroll, Madison, Boone, Newton, Marion, Searsey, and Stone counties, with some outlying deposits in Lawrence County. The field also extends into the northeast part of Indian Territory, covering, in the Cherokee Nation, the area included between the Grand or Neosho River, and the west boundary of Missouri and Arkansas. The total area of the southwest mining region is not less than 2Q,000 square miles. The most productive section comprises Jasper, Newton and Lawrence Counties, Missouri, and Cherokee County, Kansas.

Past Methods op Minixj.

As this entire mining district was opened up and developed without the aid of capital or the use of machinery, no review would be complete without a slight note of the primitive methods employed in mining and cleaning the ore. In the first place, the major part of all the mining is carried on under the lease or royalty system, even up t© the present time. In some instances a landowner would subdivide his tract of land into mining lots or claims 200 x 200 ft., which are all numbered consecutively from one to the full number of the lots. Then the owner would open a mining register and post his rules and regulations in accordance with the provisions of an act of the General Assembly of the State of Missouri, approved March 26, 1877. The miners then select their lots or claims and prospect and develop at their own expense, and in conformity with the rules sp3cified by the landowner. Again, an individual or a company may be organ-

Of Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas. 7

ized and take a lease for a long term of years on a tract of land, develop and then sublease to individual miners or companies at an advanced royalty. By this plan the poor man was enabled to prospect and mine on his own account, and in many instances has been very successful and made a snug little fortune, even though he used the most primitive methods. As a rule, small shafts were sunk, say X 4 ft. and 4x5 ft., and then the miner would gouge around after what ore he could find above water level, and in this way would sink a number of pits and shafts. On many of the old tracts of land around Joplin, Webb City, Carterville and Galena the surface of the ground is completely covered with old dump piles. These are only the relics of the early days of mining for shallow deposits of lead and zinc. To-day we find modern ore dressing and concentrating plants in full operation among these old dump piles, but the mines are producing the ore from a depth of 150 to 200 ft.

Washing and Cleaning the Ore.

The first zinc ore shipped was from the large chunks or boulders found associated with lead, and required little dressing, but as the demand increased and the price advanced the miners and operators commenced mining for zinc ore, and, as much of the free crystallized ore was found imbedded in a mud sediment together with a gangue rock of broken fragments of chert, it was found necessary to wash all the material as taken from the mine. At first it was dumped over a coarse screen called a grizzly," which separated the coarse from the fine, and in this way all of the large boulders of rock were taken out. The part that had passed through the screen was then washed in a sluice box, where much of the fine ore was lost, the process being at the same time very slow.

About thifj time hand jigs were introduced, and have been in use by small operators up to the present time. The hand jig, in construction, is a wooden tank about 5x6 ft., and 3 ft. deep. On the inside is suspended the jig box, 2 x 5 ft., and 8 in. deep. The bottom of this jig box is covered with small grate bars or a wire screen* When the jig is in use the large tank is filled with water, and the material that contains the ore is thrown into the box that is suspended in the large tank, and attached to a pole 16 to 18 ft. long, called the jig pole. The operator then takes hold gf the end of the pole and gives it a springing motion, which agi<

8 The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

tates the rough material and causes the ore to pass to the bottom while the waste, or gangue, comes to the top. Men from long years of experience became expert at operating the hand jig, and produced a fine, clean ore.

This process could only handle the free ore, and as a large amount of the material taken from the mines was mixed zinc lead ore and rock, this, to be cleaned, required crushing, and, as no* crushers were to be found in the district in the early days, the bucking hammer was brought into use. As this process was extremely slow, small Blake crushers and rolls were introduced. Then steam jig plants of crude construction were erected, which have since been improved from time to time, until to-day almost, every producing mine of any importance has a modem ore dressing or concentrating plant costing from 65,000 to $20,000. These plants have a capacity of handling from 30 to 200 tons of rough ore from the mine per day. Thus it can be seen what the growth of this zinc mining industry has been for the past 22 years, or from its commencement up to the close of the year 1894. The greatest and most marked improvements have been made within the pasi six years, and the next five years will see even greater changes in the mining and handling of the ore.

Present Cost of Miis'ing and Cleaning the Ore.

At the present time this is a most difficult problem to solve, owing to the varied conditions under which the ore is mined and cleaned, and also to the per cent, of ore contained in the ground broken and taken from the mine. I have endeavored to ascertain the cost of mining and cleaning the ore ready for market under all possible conditions, and in my examinations have found miners working on a large deposit of free ore that would clean up from 50 to 60 of ore as taken from the mine. The next mine would possibly not make an average of 25, and all solid shooting ground. Then, again, large deposits of disseminated ore are found that would not make an average of over 10 on a year's run. Some of the mines require a vast sum to be expended in timbering up the ground as the ore bodies are mined out, while others require little or no timbers. Again, some of the mines have a heavy flow of water to contend with, and must have good pumping plants in constant operation. Therefore, taking all these varied conditions into consideration, I give it as my opinion that the average cost of producing

Of Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas.

zinc ore in this district at the present time is not less than $14 per ton. I wish to be clearly understood on this estimated cost, as I only refer to the zinc ore. Almost every mine produces some lead, which is easily separated from the zinc ore by the concentratingmill, and is practically a clear profit to the operator after the royalty is paid the landowner. I further believe that the present cost of production can be greatly reduced by a more systematic plan of mining.

Grade of the Ore.

The zinc ore produced in this district is noted through the zinc mining world for its purity and high grade. The blende will give an average of 56 metallic zinc, though a number of mines in the district are producing a blende that will make an average, by the year, of 60 to 62 metal. Samples have been found that were nearly chemically pure, or about 67 metal and 33 sulphur. Some considerable calamine and smithsonite has. been produced from the zinc mines at and near Carthage, Jasper County, Missouri. The mines of Aurora, Lawrence County, Mo., have been and now are large producers of calamine, locally called silicate.

Proportion of Ore to Waste Fouid >in the Miies.

This is a question that is asked by almost everybody who visits the district, and is one of the most difficult questions to answer, from the fact that the richness of the ore deposits is very changeable. They occur in the form of pockets, possibly along fault lines in both free and desseminated forms. In some cases mines in operation have yielded from 30 to 50 clean ore while working on a. rich pocket of free ore; and again a desseminated deposit of ore would be found that would not average more than 10 to 12 clean ore. But few mines can be operated at a profit, if they will not make an average production for the year of 10 ore. The Victor mine at Oarterville, Mo., has been working during 1894 on a very large deposit of disseminated ore, which gives an average of only concentrates; but the company is handling a large tonnage and has a large concentrating plant. This mine is the exception ta the rule of handling a low grade of rough ore.

The following table is the production of zinc ore from the entire district in tons of 2,000 lbs., from the year 1873 to 1894, inclusive:

10 The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

Averaare price

Year. Tons. per ton. Amount.

1878 960 $9.00 $8,640

1874 5.100 1000 61,000

1875 3.6a) 12.00 36,000

1876 11.000 13.50 148,000

1877 Kkooo U.Oo 140,003

1878 Ij.Ooo 16 50 198,00.)

1879...: 20 000 17.00 340,000

1830 27,500 16.00 440,000

1881 40,700 16.50

1883 53.300 16.90 883,218

18S3 53.900 17.50 943.240

1884 63,500 18.00 1,1,000

Average price

Year. Tons. per ton. Amount.

188) 65,600 $17.50 $1,148,000

1886 75,400 18.60 1,394,900

1887 86,300 19O0 1,687,800

1888 81,300 21.00 1,875,300

1880 98,449 24.00 2.362,560

1890 114,900 23.00 2,643.700

1891 143,6% 23.00 3,160,300

1893 148,150 23.50 3,433,S75

1893 134,090 19.35 2,581,233

1894 143,643 17.10 2,337,543

Totals . . .1,407 $37,722,858

The year 1893 was not as prosperous in this district as the preceding, owing to the great fluctuations in the zinc ore market and the unsettled financial conditions. In reviewing the conditions of the ore market for 1893, I will quote from The Mineral Industry, Vol. II., page 625: ore market opened at $22 per ton, but soon fell to $21. February opened at $21.50, and on February 18th one sale of 400 tons of ore was made at $23 per ton, and some sales were made at $22. March opened at $22.50, April at $21 and May at $20. In June the strike of the coal miners in Kansas and Missouri forced the price of zinc ore down to $16.50 to $17 per ton, and many of the large operators closed down, while others worked only a small force in prospecting and developing, so that zinc mining was almost at a standstill until the first of October, when there was some demand for ore at $15 to $16.50 per ton. These prices were unsatisfactory to the large operators, and the production was confined entirely to subleasers and small concerns who were satisfied to work their mines if they could only make miners' wages. November opened more favorably, and by the middle of the month prices had advanced to $17.50 to $18 per ton. On the 16th $19 was paid, and on the 17th the Pittsburg & St. Louis Smelting Company purchased 1,000 tons at $20 per ton from the Rex Mining and Smelting Company, but the week following prices again declined to $18.50 to $19, and the month closed at $19.50 to $20 per ton. The average for the year was $19.25. In 1889 the average price was $24 per ton, $23 in 1890, $22 in 1891, and $22.50 in 1892." By referring back for the past five years we find that there is a great variance in the average price paid by the smelters for zinc ore. Now, if we refer to the spelter market, either in St. Louis or New York, we do not find such a fiuctuation in prices. This would seem to point to the fact that in the past the price paid for ore in this district has not been governed by the market quotations of the metal. This is one of the improvements to be made in this district. The producer should sell his ore by

Of Southwest Missouri And Sou Iheast Kansas. 1 1

sample on its assay value, and the price per ton will then be governed by the market quotations of the metal. The mine owners and operators have formed an association and already demanded that smelters shall purchase ore on its assay value.

While up to the present time the smelters have not conceded the demand the work of the associations has had a marked effect in the price of ore, as the smelters to-day are paying a better price for ore, based on the metal quotations, than they ever have heretofore. Metal was quoted in St. Louisa at $3.15 to J?3.20 per 100; and the price of zinc ore here for best grades 58 to 60 metallic is $18.50 to $19 per ton. Referring again to the Mineral Industry, Vol. II., page 633, we find a table showing the average monthly price of spelter in New York for a period of 19 years, and this proves conclusively that spelter at the present time has reached its lowest price. Again we find that the average price of metal in New York in 1886 was $4.40 per 100, and in the months of August, of the same year, the price was $4.35. In the year 1886 the average price paid for zinc ore in this district was $18.50 per ton. — , .

As it has always been the rule to settle all mining business aidt? . ' ' pay the laborers by the week, the following table will show tnj ' files of zinc and lead ore from this immediate district for 1893 :

Date. Jan. 7, 1893

14, .

21, ,

Pfb. 4, "

11, " .

25, " .

March 4, " .

11,

April

May

June

July

18, 25, 1, 8, 15, 22,

13, 20, 27,

3, 10, 17, 24,

1,

Pounds of zino

ore. .3,156,330 5,004,840 5,188,680 .5,a57,0 .4,135,010 .3,975.699 .5,566,240 .6,936,130 .4,960,570 .5,642,940 .8,543,150 .6,880.770 .7,081.900

.6.289,710 .6,044,640 .6,066.340 .5,075,950 .4,992,440 .5,163,530 .5,207,640 .5,570,690 .5,012,340 .4,642,850 .4,506,330 .3,733,560 .4,536,810

Pounds

Pounds

Pounds

of lead

of zinc

of iMd.

ore.

Value.

Date.

ore.

ore.

Value.

904,640

$51,0a5

July 15, 1893

...3,689,840

613,670

$42,804

712,280

67,969

" 22, -

...2,684,630

468,620

32,706

562,860

66,743

" 29, -

...2,718,510

657,920

30,367

841,480

72,461

Aug. 5, "

...3,088,970

419,750

33,887

437,960

53,087

...2,.568.280

363,240

330,390

47,895

.. 1,993,460

636,020

26,679

1,100,420

76,642

...1,702,520

648,940

1,549,990

110,157

Sept. 2, "

.. 1,866,210

682,470

29,675

804,653

71,823

...3,144,230

786,240

41,294

852,430

76,776

" 16, -

...3,017,160

397,010

40,470

686,060

95,766

" 23, - .

...4.632,660

602,855

35,882

679,070

87,547

" 30, - .

...3,749,690

1,086,360

52,799

877,300

87,676

Oct. 7, " .

..3,200,250

886,760

44,654

457,640

76,375

...3,861,810

694,130

47,095

756,990

79,662

" 21, "

...2,839,350

687,340

35,507

77,141

...2,222,390

780,820

43,106

588,120

Nov. 4, "

...4,563.160

897,466

565,150

63,091

...6,347,220

1,376.420

75,596

844,000

78,274

...5,275,970

754,630

61,601.

542,330

62,911

- 25, -

...5,749,230

900,210

67,944

1,018,560

75,539

Dec. 2, "

...5,946.420

837,230

68,971

918,910

75,432

...3,961,300

892,800

54,268

461,917

58,741

" 16, "

...3,591,350

944,750

48,549

567,810

57,300

..4,151,710

1,375,660

6 J, 419

544,070

51,593

" 30, " .

...2,460,890

1,106,040

39,358

421,490

43,111

346,140

44,417

Totals... .

234,476,449

38,314,781$

3,0n,72d

From the Mineral Industry, Vol. Ill, we take the following review of market condition during the year 1894:

During the past year an effort has been made by the Lead and Zinc Association — which is composed of the leading mine operators.

12 The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

land owners and business men of the district — to change the present system of selling ores. They believe that it will be more Just, and in the end more advantageous to all concerned, to sell ores on their assay value; prices to be determined by the value of the metal in St. Louis, with proper allowances for transportation and reduction charges. The association, we believe, asks the smelters to name a- price for reduction which will allow them a profit on their business and capital invested.

The smelters who draw their or from the district have not so far seemed willing to concede the terms of the operators, as they prefer the old method of purchasing the ore as cheap as they can. The change, however, will be secured in time, if the operators will stand firm to their demands.

During the second half of 1894: the prices paid by the smelters, were higher in comparison to the value of the metal than ever before in the history of the district. At the weekly markets the prices of ores ranged from $15 to $21.50 per ton; in the month of November prices remained firm at from $18 to $20 per ton, with the demand fully equal to the amount produced. In December there was very little decrease, though the closing week of the year showed less firmness in prices and a less active demand than had been the case, earlier in the month.

So far ks production is concerned, the zinc district made a much better showing in 1894 then might have been expected. In spite of the general business depression and the apprehension of tariff changes, the total production of zinc ores was only about lessthan in the preceding year. The year 1893 ended with stocks held by the operators of 5,822 tons. The total shipments from the dis. trict were 142,559 tons, while the total production was 139,779 tons, showing that 2,780 tons had been taken from stocks. Of the total shipments we find that there were 12,931 tons of calamine — locally called silicate — and 12,651 tons of this was produced and shipped from the mines at Aurora, Lawrence County, Missouri. The average price paid for the zinc-blende ore for the year wasi $17.10 per ton, and for calamine $9.35 per ton, making the total value of the shipments $2,337,544 for the year, while the value of the total production was $2,289,906. The value of lead production from the same mines was $1,040,795, making the total value of zinc and lead ore production for the year $3,330,701.

A marked feature of the year has been the amount of new development that has been made in almost every direction. This was

Of Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas. 13

largely due to the fact that during the dull times, when many of the large mines were closed down and miners were out of employ-, ment, many went prospecting on individual account with the hope of striking shallow deposits of the lead ore, which, as a rule, overlay the zinc ore. In many instances they were successful, so that the area of the district has been .greatly increased.

The Rex Mining and Smelting Company.

As this is one of the largest tracts of land under one management in the entire district, and one of the most progressive mining companies, a brief review of it will be of interest: The company is incorporated under the laws of the State of Missouri, with a capital stock of $250,000. It acquired a tract of land by purchase in fee simple, containing l,006yy acre§, lying directly on the east side of the city of Joplin. In April, 1891, this was a tract of undeveloped prairie land, and was locally called the "1,000 acres," by which term it is known to-day. The company commenced prospecting the land by sinking drill holes, which proved large deposits of lead and zinc ore. Development shafts were then sunk and the drill records were fully verified. The land was then subdivided into tracts of from 20 to 80 acres each, and these again cut up into lots of 200 x 200 ft., properly called mining claims. The large tracts of land were then leased out to mining companies for a term of years at 10 royalty, to be paid the Rex Company as the ore was mined and sold. A number of the companies holding leases again subleased lots to individual operators at a royalty of 20. The following is a list of the large companies now operating on the land : Gregory Mining Company, 80 acres; Streator Mining Company, 40 acres; Heddens Mining and Smelting Company, 40 acres ; Crossman Mining Company, 30 acres; Bishop Mining Company, 20 acres; D. C. Mc- Coney, 40 acres; Gregory & Walton, 40 acres; H. S. Wicks Mining Company, 40 acres; sundry small leases, 40 acres. The Rex Mining and Smelting Company then reserve certain portions of the land which is only leased out by single lots at a royalty of not less than 20.

The large companies all have good steam hoisting and pump plants, and five of the Cooley patent ore-dressing and concentrating plants, each having a capacity of from 50 to 75 tons of rough ore per day of 10 hours. The mines are reached by two railway lines, and switches have been put into the large plants so coal can be un-

14 The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

loaded directly at the boiler rooms and the ore for shipment loaded readily into the cars. The company also permits miners to build houses on the land. In order to show the production and the profits made from the operations of the mines on this tract of land, I will give the following condensed statement as taken from the books of the Eex Company since May 14th, 1892, when active operations were commenced :

Statement of Production of the Rex Mining and Smelting Company- 1892:

From May Uth, to December Slst, ' 1,630,389 lbs. of lead ore. 10,260,498 lbs. of zinc ore.

Royalty received by company $16,605.29

Dividend from Stil well Mining Company 2,721.61

Total to December 3l8t, 1893 $19,326.90

Total expense of company 1,929.48

Net dividend to company $17,397.42

1893:

From January 1st to December 31st,

1,950,296 lbs. of lead ore sold for $35,014.86

18,631,300 lbs. of zinc ore sold for 185,778.75

Total amount received from sale of ore $220,793.61

Royalty received by Rex Miningr and Smeltingr Company 24,043.63

Dividend from Gregory Mining Company 609.03

Total receipts of company for 1893 $24,652.66

Total expense for year 1893 3,232.61

Net dividend to company $21,421.40

Grand total from May 14th, 1892, to December 31st, 1893 $38,818.82

1894:

From January Ist to December 4th, 2,915,650 lbs. of lead ore. 11,587,550 lbs. of zinc ore.

Royalty received by company $19,463.14

Cash for one acre for schoolhouse 100.00

Amount from Gregory Drill Co 300.00

Dividend from Gregory Co 8,411.64

Total $28,279.78

Expense of company 20,810.34

Dividend $7,469.44

Add prior dividends 38,818.82

Grand total of dividends $45,768.1

Of Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas. 15

Statement Op Production Of The Grossman Mining Company, Operating On

The Land.

1S91:

December 5th to December Slst,

57,a51 lbs. of I'Mid ore I SoW for

106,670 " "zinc $2,062.03

1892:

January Ist to December 31st,

STS.'W lbs. of lead ore I fil Rl

3,904,540 " "zinc fe7,WJi.6i

January Ist to December 31st, 396,970 lbs. of lead 2,630,730 " " zinc

396,970 lbs. of lead ore j. jgQ

1894:

January 1st to December 31st,

ai2,590 lbs. of lead ore $6,166.15

l,388.9a3 " zinc " 12,870.4S

Royalty from sub-lease 735-58

Total for year $19,272.16

Grand Total $119,555.67

The Empire Zinc Company.

This was organized about six years ago, and made large investments in developed and undeveloped lands, and also purchased the zinc smelter at Joplin, which it has operated continuously. The stockholders of the company are also members of the Lehigh Zinc and Iron Company, of Bethlehem, Pa. The entire management of the company's large works is under the direction of Mr. W. C. Wetherell.

Mr. R. P. Eothwell, the editor of the 'Engineering and Mining Journal," made a visit to this district in 1894 and accompanied by Mr. Wetherell visited the Kohinoor mine and inspected the underground workings. Mr. Wetherell showed a tracing of the underground works taken from the plat in his office that enabled him to know just where he was and observe the occurrence of the ore and the structure of formation. Such work is fully appreciated by every mining man who visits the district. The Empire Zinc Company first commenced mining operations and production of ore at what they call the Eagle mines, in the southern part of Joplin, called Blendeville. The company operated the mines quite extensively for about three years. Work was then stopped and now the mines are worked by sub-leasers, who produce the ore and pay the company a royalty. At present the company is operating the Kohinoor mine and concentrating mill, located in the west part of Joplin, near its zinc smelting plant. The Kohinoor concentrating mill is one of the model plants of the district, the product having been

16 The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

exhibited at the World's Fair, securing the first prize. The following is the productions of ore by the Empire Zinc Company from January 1st to December 31st, 1893: 10,899,390 lbs. of zinc ore, yalue, $198,638.71; 958,080 lbs. of lead ore, value $19,161.60; total $217,800.31.

The Jacobs. Bro's Mixes.

These mines are located on a 40-acre tract of land, miles due east from Main street, Joplin, and held under lease by the Jacobs Bros, from W. M. Leckie, of the Joplin Machine Works. Five acres of this was closely identified with the early history of this district, as a large deposit of surface lead was found and about 8,000,000 lbs. of lead ore mined. The land was known as the Pinkard mine. After exhausting this lot of lead the land was prospected by various parties, but most of the work confined to gouging around in the old diggings. Finally the Jacobs Bros., of Carthage, Mo., secured a lease from Mr. Leckie for a term of years, and commenced prospecting on the west side on new ground. After working for about 10 months they struck a deposit at a depth of about 80 ft. Up to May 31st, 1895, the total production of this mine had been 2,011,410 lbs. of zinc ore, and 3,872,730 lbs. of lead ore, which sold for $90,785.84.

The mine operated by Mr. Charles Frye et al, shows what has been done without the investment of other capital than the expense of sinking a shaft about 65 ft. This opened up a deposit of lead ore that was followed for a distance of 1,600 lin. ft., including the turns, and proved from 8 to 20 ft. wide and 4 to 20 ft. thick. In many places the lead was found in massive form, requiring no dressing after being taken from the mine, but the greater portion of deposits was imbedded in a mud sediment and broken fragments of chert rock, requiring washing and dressing before marketing. This mine of lead ore produced a total of 1,982,280 lbs., which sold for $40,859.29. The entire 40 acres of land shows a total value from sale of lead and zinc ore for the year 1893, or from January 1st to December 31st, 1893, of $24,448. The next 40-acre tract of land directly south of the Jacobs Brothers mines is also owned by Wm. M. Leckie, and latu in the fall of 1892 was leased to Messrs. Harrison and Spencer, of Fayette ville, Ark., who commenced preliminary prospecting, but did not push work until early in 1893. Zinc ore was opened m paying quantities and the first sale made June 10th, 1893. From that time to December 31st,

Of Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas. 17

1893, the land had produced and sold 2,522,160 lbs. of zinc ore and 482,270 lbs. of lead, that sold for $30,232.20. This gives a total value of productions from this 80 acres of land for 1893 of 54,680.20. At present the land is more productive than in 1893, AS more mines are working under lease.

The Westeris Zinc Company.

This is a tract of mining land containing 741 acres, located within the city of Joplin, except 40 acres at the extreme south- -east comer. This tract of land and its original owners, the Pichers, have been closely identified with the history and the gradual building up of Joplin and the development of the zinc mining industry. The Pichers organized the Picher Lead and Zinc Company, and had the land surveyed and subdivided into mining lots each 200 X 200 feet. These were leased on the royalty plan to miners and operators, many of whom made nug little fortunes. The next change in ownership of the land was in the early fall of 1885, when the Pichers sold out to Mr. Cook, of Oswego, N. Y., who organized the Oswego Mining "Company. The company made little or no improvements excepting putting in a central power plant to operate pumps at different points on the land, for which the miners paid a pump rent. The land again changed ownership, and passed into the hands of the Western Zinc Company, February 20th, 1893, which now controls 11 operations, but up to the present time no substantial improvements have been made. This has been and now is an excellent tract -of land, and shows a large production, all of which has been produced by the most primitive methods. Some of the records are lost except as to amounts received ; so the following figures represent the amount of cash received from the sale of ore : January 1st, 1876, to December 31st, 1893, $1,677,679.82.

Only a small portion of the land has been prospected, and the ore produced has all been mined from an average depth of less than 75 ft. One shaft was sunk on ore 125 ft. Two pump shafts were unk by the Pichers, one 178 ft. and the other 156 ft.

The Lone Elm District.

Located on the north and north west part of the city of Joplin, the Lone Elm District is one of the oldest producers of zinc and lead nd in this vicinity and includes what is locally known as Leadville Hollow, Possum Hollow, and Chitwood Hollow; these hollows

18 The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

are nothing more than clearly defined breaks, and surface depressions putting out from Turkey Creek to the south, and thej clearly make the topography peculiar to this entire mining district, and in the years past, and at the present time, are favorite points for miners with small capital, on account of the shallow and oftentimes large deposits of ore.

The Granby Mining and Smelting Company own in this particular locality 777 acres of land, the greater portion of which is platted into mining lots 200x200 ft., which are worked by miners on the royalty plan, and in order to show the production of some of the mines on this land, we will give the statement of production from one single mining lot. This mine is known as the H. U. E. , and is operated by W. Hacker, E. 0. Bartlett and others. The mine was first opened November 18th, 1893, and the production up to March 16th, 1895, is as follows: 1,071,620 lbs. of lead ore, which sold for $17,349.34, and 682,110 lbs. of zinc ore, which sold for $6,789.02. Total value of ore produced from the mine, $24,138.36.* '

The Burlington mine on the same land is a very large and steady

producer, and was recently purchased by Mr. Robert Allen, of Burlington, la., and Mr. E. Hedburg, mine superintendent, of Joplin.

The mine has been developed and exploited under the direction of Mr. Hedburg, and at the present time they have penetrated a zone of ore 65 X 30 ft. wide and 40 ft. thick. There is a good cap rock or roof overlaying the ore so that but little timbering will be required, and the ore can be mined at a nominal cost. These facts are only given for the purpose of illustrating what is being done at the present time.

The West Joplin Lead and Zinc Company own 285 acres south of the G. M. & S. Co's land, but for years it was an undeveloped tract of land. Within the past two years active and systematic development was commenced on 40 acres, which was leased out to the Portland Mining Company, and they have opened a good property, which has produced since July, 1894, up to March 16th, 1895, 332,025 lbs. of lead ore and 1,995,340 lbs. of zinc, which sold for a total amount of $18,756.52. At the present time there are eight shafts being sunk at other points on the land. Adjoining this land on the east is a 100-acre tract, owned by John H. Taylor, on which active development has been under way for the

This statement is taken directly from the Granby M. & S. Co. books.

-i z:i;

Of Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas. 19

past year. The tract of land is now leased out to operators, as folio ws, at 10 royalty: Joplin Prospecting Co., 40 acres; Wilson & Campbell, 20 acres; J. R. Holmes, 10 acres. Then Mr. Taylor reserred 30 acres to lease out to miners at royalty. The land is now developed by shafts sunk to a depth of from 50 to 150 feet, and. zinc and lead ore was found at depths of 20 feet, and at intervals on down to 150 feet. The Joplin Prospecting Co. are now putting up a large ore dressing concentrating plant. The following is the production of ore as taken from the development up to March 7th, 1895: 1,028,790 lbs. of lead ore and 210,920 lbs. of zinc ore, which sold for $4,648.60.

Messrs. E. B. & J. M. Leonard own 200 acres of land, located in what is known as Chitwood Hollow, and recently new development has been commenced on 20 acres of the land by E. Hedburg and others and good deposits of zinc ore found. F. L. Yale & Co. are operating a 50-acre lease directly west of the Leonard land on the John Jackson estate, and now have two shafts in ore. We only refer to the foregoing brief outline of the Lone Elm district to show what is being done on the new tracts of land, for if we undertook to enter into specific detail of the early history of this exceptionally rich district we would make the article too long.

Webb City and Carterville Mining Districts. /T 'ess"

But little data of the first few years can be found, as at that tme V /. '' there was no system of keeping a record as at the present time, ' cording to the best information obtainable, the first discovery of lead ore was made in this district in June, 1873, by Mr. Webb. In the fall of 1873 considerable prospecting was done and large deposits of surface lead found. At a depth of 30 to 40 ft. a heavy deposit of limestone was found, called by the miners bedrock, and at that time supposed to be the end of the lead deposits. Mining was carried on by the most primitive methods until one mine operator by the name of Gaston found a fissure or fracture in the supposed bedrock limestone which contained some cubes of lead ore, and commenced sinking his shaft on the fissure. At a depth of 65 ft. he broke through and discovered a rich zone of zinc blende ore. This induced others to sink deeper shafts, and the limestone was soon iound to be the cap-rock or roof of the zinc ore deposits.

These deposits occur under the limestone in what may be termed mineralized zones, which are formed in a brecciated formation of chert, and are of considerable size. Underground workings are

20 The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

known where this zone has been stoped out 50 to 150 ft. wide, 30 to 80 ft. thick and 150 to 500 ft. long. Recently the Center Creek Mining Company has had a complete underground survey made of its mines, and platted in a scale of 50 ft. to the inch. This plat has proved almost conclusively that the mineralized zones must have formed in a series of fault lines, or compound fractures in the chert beds. As a rule the ore found in these zones is in a disseminated form, and when taken from the mine must be dressed by crushers, rolls and concentrating machinery to prepare it fo market. For this reason there are more mining machinery and large concentrating plants in operation than at any other point in the entire lead and zinc mining belt. The following tables will show the production of the principal mining companies and operators.

Cekter Creek Mining Company, Webb City.

Estimated value of the lead and zinc production from 1881 to 1886 inclusive, $1,646,613.00.

Year.

Total.

Pounds of

Pounds of

Zinc Blende.

Lead Ore.

Value.

28,957,060

1,940,360

$283,219

27,477,500

1,938,510

870,531.69

87,882,110

8,291,890

617,598.43

46,045,090

2,593,970

600,199.37

84,531,060

1,760,120

417,607.01

23,547,880

1,910,880

298,558.48

18,436,330

1,237,828

208,457.13

22,521,620

1,655,610

210,324.87

230,308,670

16,338,168

$4,547,199.19

Ealor Land, Oabtebvillk.

Value Of production prior to 1893 $128,908.74

For 1893, 17,469,730 pounds of zinc ore, value 186,660.62

3,624,980 " "lead" " 90,575.42

" 1894, value of production 6,442.13

Total $411,571.91

Eclipse Mike, Garterville.

192,000 pounds of zinc ore, value $1,500.00

125,000 " "lead " " 2,500.00

Total $4,000.00

Maegerum Mining Company.

This company is operating a lease on 80 acres of land, north of Webb City on the Center Creek bottom, and commenced operations in 1892. The mines have been noted for their large production of lead, but with depth the zinc ore deposits are found.

Of Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas. 21

1808:

U8fl6,88Olb0. lead ore Mid for ' |S9,80S.7

lOst royalty paid land owner : 2,980.48

Royalty received by company from miners 6,964.73

1803:

4,818,860 lbs. of lead ore sold for 90,509.86

Royalty paid land owner 9,066.88

Royalty received by company from miners 23,289.60

1804:

3JS10,400 lbs. of lead ore sold for 38,006.77

10 royalty paid land owner ... 3,790.61

Royalty received by company from miners 12,600.42

Tolals:

0,306,640 lbs. lead ore |l7,476J

Royalty paid land owner 15,786.88

Royalty received by company 42,888.75

McCoEKLE Hill Mining Company.

This company is operating a 40 acre tract of land in Webb City and has been producing ore about one year up to March Slst 1895, as follows, from the company mill:

4,a05,8551b§.of sdncoresoldfor |40,748.(

From lessees on land:

58,210 lbs. of lead ore sold for 888.38

137,164 lbs. of zinc ore sold for 078.60

Total from Und $42,600.01

Eastern Star Mine, Carteeville.

From June, 1892,to November 1st, 1893, inclusive, 8,371,555 lbs. of zinc ore, value, $91,960.57.

Blanton & Wyatt Mine, Carteeville.

Two mining lots, 200 X 200 ft., in the Tracy land, only one lot mined :

Year

Pounds of

Pounds of

Zmc Ore.

. Lead Ore.

Amount.

1,410,200

$16,780.75

2,075,540

187,800

25,801.09

8,433,000

52,720

84,631.44

Total.

6,919,430

230,020

977,308.28

Teacy Lead and Zinc Company.

This is a tract of land containing 440 acres, and the cor porate lines of Webb City and Carterville pass through the center of the land from the south. This is one of the noted producers of the district, and after a vast amount of labor we are able to give the productions from this land in detail, from March, 1886,

The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

to March, 1892, when the lease in the land passed into the hands of the Chatham Mining Company.

Maroh 1888, To April, 182, Inglusitb.

I Pounds Of Amount Pounds of Amount

Tear. Lead Ore. Sold for. ZinoOre. Sold for. Total.

1886 4,280 $120.45 755,888 $7,007.40 $7,127.85

1887 168,707 3,383.72 2,659.270 26,621.58 30,014.24

1888 151,988 1,838.64 6,079,838 62,090.01 63,928.65

1889 148,685 8,184,414 92,354.50

1890 863,570 14,860,681 205,428.91

1891 1,840,300 30,801.71 25,407,100 296,204.95 327,006.66

1892 158,232 3,476.71 6,647.667 6,953Ji6 9,419.96

Total 2,829,762 $39,631.23 62,594,758 $398,867.13 $735,278.86

Production of Chatham Mining Company, now operating the Tracy land :

April

May .

June

July

August

September

October

November . December . .

Total . .

January

February...

March

April

May ,

June

July

August

September October . . . . November.. December..

Pounds of

Pounds of

Lead Ore.

Zinc Ore.

82,050

1,852,800

128,230

1,602,920

143,910

1,650,730

84,660

1,806,460

141,050

1,264,940

72,790

1,705,740

115,520

1,867,510

6,570

2,370,710

1,510

2,317,490

773,290

16,439,320

25,750

1,979,850

56,430

2,873,540

17,980

3,315,520

24,160

3,094,690

28,570

2,139,570

23,020

1.645,050

23,580

1,814,440

20,200

560,070

140,020

1,240,740

68,160

1,014,720

63,290

1,871,350

136,230

1,904,630

Total .

21,954,170

Total Amount. $23,246.76 20,906.70 23,018.92 22,010.05 17,652.73 20,171.36 21,772,46 25,227.37 25,242.16

$199,348.51

$20,582.78 25,225.48 23,779.49 31,182.21 20,710.72 14,663.28 16,9n.75

4,039.59 12,928.30

9,968.96 16,510.81 19,309.87

$215,234.22

Grand Totals For Chatham.

1,388,700 pounds of lead ore — 38,393,490 " zinc

Total value of ore from Tracy.

$414,582.ra

735,278.86

Total from land $1,U9,861.59

1894, 724,350 lbs. lead ore, 16,296,120 lbs. zinc ore, sold for. . . . 141,447.71

Grand Total $1,291,309.30

Op Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas. 23

The Teoup Mining Company.

This company is located at the extreme southeast corner of Carterville, operating a 40 acre tract of land which is developed by seven shafts sunk to an average depth of 200 ft. The ore deposits are large, and as far as developed are continuous. The surface improvements consist of steam hoisting and pump plants and good concentrating plants. The property is under the management of Mr. S. H. Cobb.

The following table shows the production of zinc and lead ore :

Pounds of Pounds of Amount

Year. Zinc Ore. Lead Ore. Sold for.

1891 87,4fl0,000 46,500 $97,283.47

1892 134,140,000 498,000 153,528.85

1893 1,225,970 466,400 18,482.91

1894 8,404,840 803,110 42,421.13

Total 226,230,810 1,010 $311,629.26

Note.— The total output for 1893 is only up to November 18th.

The Eleventh Hour Mining Company.

This company controls under lease 120 acres of land in the southeast part of Carterville. Active operations began about 1889, and the production of ore in January, 1890. Up to the present time the mines have proved rich. The land is almost surrounded by developed and producing mines, so that there is every reason to believe that the Eleventh Hour property is underlaid with large deposits of zinc ore. The mines now are being operated by subleasers on the royalty plan. The surface improvements in the way of building and machinery are all good and substantial.

The following statement will give the total amount of ore produced and the amount sold from January 10th, 1890, to December, Ist, 1893, inclusive:

81,705,686 pounds of zinc ore $884,242.23

3,911,7a5 " "leadore 89,769.81

Total to December 81gt $974,002.04

Production from January 1st to December 31st, 1894:

18,622,771 pounds of zinc ore $157,799.30

2,115,425 " " leadore 36,904.88

Total $194,704.18

Grand total $1,168,706.22

The E. N. Perey Mines. These are located north of and adjoining the Eleventh Hour 'Company. Mr. Perry commenced operations in 1892 by the

24 The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

purchase of 10 acres in fee simple for $10,000; he then leased the adjoining 40 acres on the east for a term of years; thu& making a total of 50 acres under his control. The property is now well developed by shafts to an average depth of 175 ft., which has opened up large deposits of high-grade zincore. The mines are mostly operated by subleasers who pay a royalty on the ore. Mr. E. J. Tutty is the superintendent of the entire property. The property is fully equipped with good plants of machinery for hoisting and dressing the ore. The following is th production of the mines from July, 1892, to December 31st, 1894,. inclusive :

From July 1802, to Deoember 81st, 1896 :

7,803,810 lbs. of zino ore $80,208.75

202,630 lbs. of lead ore 1,817.10

From January lot to Decemr Slst, 1894 :

8,070,640 lbs. of zino ore 00,666.09

440,660 lbs. of lead ore 7,722.41

Total $160,488ja6

The Richland Mining Company.

This company controls by lease 30 acres adjoining the Perry mines on the west. The company is composed of Mansfield, 0., people, and is under the management of Mr. J. M. Waugh. Portions of the land are operated by subleasers, who are working on large zones of zinc ores. The average depths of the shafts, are 160 ft. The following is the statement of production from 1891 to December 31st, 1894, inclusive:

Pounds of Pounds of Amount

Year. Zinc Ore. Lead Ore. Sold for.

1891 1,258,870 307,190 $21,344.9

1893 4,460,080 040,180 70,435.83

1803 1,521,650 001,980 65,840.08

1804 2,063,085 876,650 48,014.0(>

Total 8,043,686 3,114,000 $110,600.85.

The Ealbr Land akd Coekfield Mines.

This includes two 80-acre tracts located just south and west of the business portion of Carterville. Most of the development hasbeen done by prospectors and miners, using primitive methods, but large zones of ore have been opened from which a large production can be made. The following is the statement of production from the beginning of development up to December 1st, 1893 :

Of Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas. 2Jv

8,207410 IbB. of sine ore $58,906.48

8,14,680 " lead** 76,083.26

1804, valueof produotion 28,874.56

Total $151,814J

The Mound City Miniisg Company.

This company is incorporated with a capital, stock of $100,000 The officers are: Louis Grand, president: Henry Hiemenz, Jr., vice-president; Phil H. Lenz, treasurer; A. H. Braeggeman, secretary; and Louis Helm, manager, all of St. Louis, Mo. The company controls by lease 80 acres of the Thos. Connor land. Development was first commenced in the fall of 1891, and now the main shaft is sunk to a depth of 198 ft., and from this a number of drifts. have been driven in the ore zone or deposits, the longest of whick is 385 ft., all in ore. The deposit of ore has been well explored, by crosscuts from the main drift, and is proved to have a thickness of 42 ft. The plant contains an ore dressing, concentrating plant with a capacity of 200 tons of rough ore per day of 24 hours. As this is a new mine the production of ore has been limited to less than one year. The following is the total production up to December 31st, 1894: 6,300,050 lbs. of zinc ore, 380,970 lbs. of lead ore, $43,886.66.

The following statement will show the entire production from the mines of the Webb City-Carterville district for the calendar years of 1892 and 1893:

Pounds of Pounds of Amount

Year. Zinc Ore. Lead Ore. Sold for.

1898 124,628,230 8,927,860 $1,609,668.00

1803 101,731,876 8,800,182 1,142,306.00

1884 90,477,450 16,467,690 1,180,166.00

Total 885,885,666 88,195,682 $8,982,030.00'

Spring City Mining District.

This is one of the new mining districts in Kewton County, five miles south of Joplin, which was opened up during 1892 through the efforts of J. W. Allen, formerly of Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. Allen and his friends owned several hundred acres of un developed land in Newton County. They selected the S. W. J of the K. E. i, Section 10, Town 26, Range 33, and prospected by sinking drill holes, the cuttings from which proved good deposits. of both lead and zinc ore. Mr. Allen then organized the Springs City Lead and Zinc Company with a capital stock of $5,000, with

26 The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

Chas. Shifferdecker president, J. H. Spencer treasurer, and J. W. Allen general manager. Development was commenced at once and the record of the drill holes verified. The land was then surveyed into mining claims 200 x 200 ft. and leased out to operators, several of whom opened up rich and productive deposits. This inspired -confidence in the new camp, and a town site was platted, called Spring City. Others owning land in the vicinity commenced preliminary prospecting, some of which has proved the ore deposits to cover quite a large area. To-day Spring City is one of the most prosperous of the new camps. The following statement of production from January 1st, 1893 to December 31st, 1894, is furnished hy Mr. J. W. Allen:

1868:

833,510 lbs. of lead ore, sold for $6,978.26

22,310" "zinc " " " 22,882.38

1894:

461,890" " lead ore, sold for 7,852.13

2,559,490'* "zinc 21,616.38

Total $59,339.15

EoARiNQ Springs Mines.

This mining district was first opened in 1879 through the efforts Mr. E. B. Leonard, of Joplin, and Col. W. B. Stone, of Galena, Kan. Prior to this some prospectors had discovered and mined ore west of this place in what is known a3 Tanyard and Gordon Hollows, but no considerable work was done until the opening of the Roaring Springs mines. The district is located in Sections 19 and 20, Township 27, Eange 33, Newton County, Mo., just south of the Jasper County line and four miles southwest from Joplin. The first few years' mining was confined to prospecting for shallow deposits and the ore produced by primitive methods. In the fall of 1888 the land passed into the hands of capitalists from Pennsylvania, who organized the Eoaring Springs Land and Mining Company, with a capital stock of $100,000; D. W. Luke, of South Fork, president, and Alvin Evans, of Ebensburgh, treasurer. Active development was commenced at once. Pump shafts were sunk and a large concentrating plant built, which was used as a custom mill for the miners operating leases on the land. The property has been under the management of different parties as superintendents until 1893, when Mr. E. Hedburg was selected as superintendent, and under his management the mines proved very productive. In 1894 Mr. Hedburg resigned and was succeeded by Mr. D, C. Hoover.

Of Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas. 27

The following statement of production is given by Mr. D. C. Hoover, secretary:

Pounds of Amount Pounds of Amount

Tear. Zinc Ore. sold for Lead Ore. sold for.

1889 687,800 $0,586.50

1890 635,400 6,004.00

1891 1,054,000 15,632.00 14,330 $302.64

1802 2,234,000 17,888.00 172,300 8,416.61

1803 1,054,000 8,445,00 71,880 1,293.06

1894 1,974,000 13,818.00 494,000 8,398.00

Total 8,539,300 $68,413.50 762,610 $13,501.21

Grand total from sale of lead and zinc ore $81,914.71

The Scotia Mine.

This property adjoins the Roaring Springs mines on thA norR|*,Y<"7 and is the S. i of the S. E. i, Section 18, Township 27, Ran5, Jasper County, Mo. The tract of land belongs to Col. H. H. Gregg, . of Joplin, who spent over one year in prospecting by sinking a number of shafts and drill holes, some of which showed favorable indications of ore.

Finally a large deposit of ore was struck at a depth of 40 ft., from which 2,500 tons of ore was mined, then the ore pinched down to a small seam. Drifting was commenced on this seam which in less than 20 ft. opened up a second pocket. Now the underground workings are opened by a drift 1000 ft. long. This deposit of ore has all been found in an opening or fissure in the chert bed, and has had a general trend from the northeast to the southwest. The ore has been mostly free and in a crystallized form. The following is the statement of ore sold in the years 1891-92-93-94:

Pounds of Amount

Year. zinc ore. sold for.

1891 149,880 $1,783.05

1893 2,174,340 24,943.03

1893 1,489,630 12,450.67

1894 966,630 8,541.69

Total 4,780,480 $47,781.44

Note.— The amount for 1803 is to November 25th.

There are several other tracts of land in this district that are "being developed and have made the following production : H. H, Gregg's lands, 80 acres, 85,650 lbs. of lead ore, sold for $1,241.12; Columbian land, 80 acres, 36,370 lbs. of lead ore and 450,340 lbs. of zinc ore, 12,896.98.

28 The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

Wentworth Mining District.

This is a new district where zinc ore was discovered and opened about four years ago. Geographically, Wentworth is located 30 miles east from Joplin aiid 12 miles northeast from Granby, on the main line of the St. Louis & San Francisco Railway. The operators have had many difficulties to contend against;, among them a disagreement among owners which ended in. litigation. These have been adjusted and active work resumed. The following are the developed mines: The Pierce Mining Company, Little Nuggett, Molly Gibson, Turkey Hen and the Gobbler mine. The Gobbler is the largest developed property. It isnow developed by two shafts 100 ft. and 86. The 100-ft. or operating shaft is 5 X 7 ft. in the clear. The other is an 86-f t. air shaft, but will be utilized for hoisting. Three levels are now opened in the ore deposits from the main shaft; first at 65 ft., second at 80 ft. and third at 100 ft. These levels are all connected by a- winze shaft and the air shaft so that the ventilation is good. Up to the present time no complete underground survey has been made, but from measurements it has been found that 1,700 ft. of drifting has been done on the ore body. Crosscutting has proved 40 to 50 ft. width and has a general trend from the N. W. to the S. E. The ore occurs in a formation different from anything that has been found in the entire zinc and lead district. The country rock is principally chert, but instead of being in a brecciated formation and large and small boulders, it lays stratified, and the ore occurs in fissures between the chert strata. The fissures vary in thickness from 2 and 3 in. up to 12 and 15 in. and are all more or less filled with talc, commonly called tallow clay, in which is imbedded the deposits of blende. If the fissures are wide the deposit of ore is massive, but if close the ore is confined to seams. The chert strata vary in thickness from 4 to 6 in. up to 14 to 20 in. Such a formation is rather expensive to open with drifts, but this once done the ground is easily stoped out. During the opening and explorations on this property no ore has been taken out except that encountered in the development. A new concentrating mill has been erected, with a capacity of 100 tons of rough ore per day of 10 hours.

Of Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas. 29

G0BBLSR*8 Ork Shaft Quabteblt Beport. Trom December 21, 1804 to March 3l8t, 1805:

December. January February ., March .. .

Total.

Date

Time of Run. Ure. Min.

Output, In lbs.

Mineral per cent

153,704 229,165 130,949 483,450

947,358

Dirt necessary for this result Is being broken by two men. Average mineral output per hour, 1742 lbs. Average per cent, of dirt, 17.45.

Aurora Mining District, Lawrence County, Missouri.

Geographically the town of Aurora is located 60 miles due east iom Joplin, on the main line of the St. Louis & San Francisco IRailway. Mining operations were commenced in a small way in 1886 on a surface deposit or croppings of a decomposed carbonate of lead called 'drybone." These deposits were first mined by -stripping the ground and sinking shallow pits, which eventually uncovered galena. This work attracted miners and prospectors, and large deposits of calimine — zinc silicate — were found and -opened. As depth was gained on the silicate deposits zinc blende was found. The mines as now developed cover an area of about two miles long by one and a half miles wide. All of the mines ara operated on the royalty plan excepting the St. Louis & Aurora Mining Company, who own and operate their own land. This property is under the management of Mr. L. W. Hubbell, and is located at the extreme east boundary of the district. Through the kindness of Messrs. Plumb and Minor the accompanying statement of productions by companies for the past five years has been secured.

Production For Thb Tear 1890.

Name of Company.

Pounds lead ore.

Pounds zinc ore.

Pounds silicate.

Amount sold for.

Royalty

paid land

owner.

Xiouisville Co

867,090

183,783

4,000,700

6,a51,700 151,870

1,338,570

1,483,701 464,629 753,918

1,122,581 17,455

1,900,122 270,890 364,785 165,000

$44,643.54 49.155.22

1,402.05 49 837.65 50,000.00 14,148.70 114,487.67

9,528.15 22,581.77

5,699.36 26,281.93 26,519.33

7,790.60 16,580.71

$8,427.58

Kicker L. & Z. Co

New York Co

18,940

31,630

15,000

812,980

192,760

464,659

Co

Leslie Land

If island Co

672,816

200,000

110,500

4,062,794

2,030

451,380

22,610

8,500.00 2,876.50 21,994.71 1,905.63 4,501.21 4,173.02

Black Land

Ozark Co

Kentucky Co

B*inkerhoffCo

Bon&nza Co

Vance Land

Otner sources ..

902,398 294,930 621,640

6,616

4,099.85 1,329.62

8,316.71

Total

7,708,087

8,974,087

16,772,779

$438,146.68

$81,735.71

The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

PRODUCTION rOR THB TEAR 1801.

Name of Company.

Pounds lead ore.

Pounds zinc ore.

Pounds silicate.

Amount sold for.

Royalty

paid land

owner.

r

Black Min

Vance

Kentucky

Rinker

Louisville

Aurora

Missouri

ing Co

3,507,160 1,079,320 189,73") 539,281 167,474 349,610

427,295

95,466

460,940

399,540

82,535

1,760

3,910

162,980

125,000

6,000

68.7Cip

374,064 1,739,447 1,476,000

18,040

94,960 2,&52.000

40,170

125,880 8,077,444 1,148,570 2,840,000 6,736,750 2,760,190

2,278,989 376,448 242,301

$90,105.88

58,648.80

44,386.27

47,692.00

40,709.96

26,558.66

27,842.68

17,489.09

13,863 97

14,241.91

11,180.67

10,437.34

7,111.94

6,388.28

6,211.73

6,084.14

4,037.95

3,000.00

3,321.98

$18 021.16 11,060.32 9,424.47 9,588.90 8,378.29 6,250.28 4,176.38 3,497.81 2,744 72

Brinkerhofr Mining Co.. . . Stewart

1,039,050

2,309.00 2,125.88

Dayton

St. Louis- Aurora Mining Co.

Midland Mining Co

Ozark

New York '"

Berry

349,745 472,135 835,615 28,420 297,810 111,260

1,821,39 1,275.39

542,540 a50,284

1,017.75

6oo.oa

Hall Sundries

ki u

23.6S

30,660

90,315

Total

7,817,266

8,615,875

21,771.878

$438,445.10

$84,025.17

Production For The Tear 1892.

Name of Company.

Pounds lead ore.

Pounds ziLCore.

Pounds silicate.

Amount sold for.

Royalty

paid land

owners.

Black Mining Co

Berry

Brinkerhoff Mining Co

Dayton " "

Elliott

Holmes Land

Hall Mining Co

Kentucky Mining Co. .

Decatur

Liles

Midland

Missouri

Nevada

Ozark

Plumb-Minor & Rogers

Louisville Mining Co

Rinker

Schmook Land

St. Louis- Aurora Mining Co.

Stewart Land

P. W. Stewart

Scammon Mining Co

Vance Land

De Long Mining Co

Aurora "

Total.

2,437,880

180,700,

2,843

318,170

121,4601

1,410

61,670

564,260|

277,400!

335,000

103,730

49,760

85,500

3,267 209.2a5 1,163.160 488,840 17,290 90,944 837,250 88,510 14,700

1,482,809

960,288 630,000

110,580 8,390

7,010

1,269,170

1.2.52,990

153,650

474,580

4.637,290

1,482,809 112,540 44,493 301,000 204,790

2,073,090 126,910 783,000 625,580

1,637,060

29,610; 2,136 1,461,400 3,427,530 4,019,730 2,500,280 349,430

1,182,810 282,510

8,547,861 11,336,682

$71,266.16

14,724.73

7,232.00

8,615.00

2,610.78

1,418.53

85,758 00

17,084.00

20,225.00

6,405.10

14,245.07

2,089.88

15,524.69

29,949.61

73,273.15

37,949 84

21,423 63

2,124.10

86,834.10

1,976.26

55,082.80

$18,701.04

2,837.91

7,151.C0

1,416.80

4,045.C0

1,281.02

2,908.97

, lOO.OO

3,800 36

6,487 01

12,312.43

4,303.74

6,955.73

8,263.25

21,023,136 $466,184.95 $79,383.01

Of Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas. 81

PBODUCTION FOR THK TIfiAB 1898.

Companies.

Galena.

Bone.

Silicate.

Blende.

Chats.

Amount.

Kojraltj'*

Plumb, Minor & Uogers

1,430

12H.490

1,458,110

280,935

575,760

24,840

"356',670 668,800

2,086,000

186,910

7,'7il,650

5,888,320 258,860 301,000

21,208

564,520 70,020 89,830

6.252,000

260,490

1,560,727

62,830

34,810

"44,610

25,630

718,510

1,313,840 1,732,780

2,588,860 1,029,180

'lV970",530

$149.77 "i,*K.76

$52144 2,72-4.95 34,349.66

17,610.50

17,956,01

9,939.27 82,723.33

65,124.23

$80.43

Geo. W. KJnker...

Black Land

Kin Her Lead & Zinc Co

468.8') 6,502.79

3,532.7a

St. LouidAurora Minlnir Co

2,493.40

Brinkerhoff Zinc Co

' '3,li5b'.56

3,579.42

Tnrre Haute

Land

919,91U

330,480 101.2U0 ,44,300

660,060

778,930 78,770 44,190

1,140,300

75,510 y8,662 268,424

57,370 139,860 34,175

"85,660

13,141.05 10.078.18

Campbell & Co. ..

Elliott TAnd

LouisvUle Mining Co

12,235.73, 1,480.72 3,835.00 767.00

15,831.74 3,171.10

Decatur Land

Kentucky Land..

Dayton Land

Berry Land

Cleveland & Aurora Mining Land Co

Midland Mining Co

1,737 00 336.20 37,395.111 6,451.14

2,494.76 483.9

2,055.70 365.21

4,287,740

"6,'82b',i79 110,680

8,948.13

124,845.62 21,862.27 2,344.59 468.36-

T.J.Liles Land.. Other sources

12,125.59 2,562.a 6,905.05| 1,354.85-

Total

7,311,231

545,925

26,910,265

20,672,059

$18,934.80

$452,753.28 177,267.13

Total amount of ore sold $471,597.98; price of lead brought for the year, price of bone brought for the year, $8; price of jack brought for the year, $17.50; price of silicate brought for the year, $10.

Production For The Tear 1894.

Companies.

Campbell & Co

Terre Haute Land

Rinker Lead and Zinc Co. .

Schmook Land

St. Louis- Aurora Mining Co. Decatur Lead and Zinc Co. .

Kentucky Land

Cleveland & Aurora Mining

Land Co

Louisville Ziuc Mining and

Silicate Co

Black Land

Geo. W. Kinker

Minor & Uogers Land

Brinkerhoff Zinc Co

Elliott Land

Dayton Land

Berry Land

Midland Mining Co

Liles Land

Other sources

Total 8,347,!

Lead. Done. Silicate. Jack. Amount. Uoyalt>

756,470 1,565,270

153,090

528,330

1,315,640

28,2g0

230,130

908,350

472,390

1,458,110

39,100

2,900

44,300 78,770 44,190 75,510

268,424

58,810

54,390 112,140

42,600

97,160 27,420 34,175

85,500

452,360 3,787,110 887,051 803,640 943,710 21,330 289,250

7,384,420

540,390 668,800 356,070

70,020

89,830

260,490

1,567,527

62,830

513,055 18,193,821 28,773,311

7,381,630

1,940,960

792,161

124,460

467,600

1,527,570

7,879,040

44,610

1,313,840 301,000

6,820,179 110,508

179,027.09 63,858.92 14,251.92 15,042.40 30,245.82 1,120.85 20,887.76

82,220.45

11,013.86

34,349.66 2,722.95 1,342.28

10,510.64 3,835.00 2,494,76 2,055.70 2,400.59

12,807.76 7,025.05

1397,214.46 $87,773 49

$10,496.13 10,922.23 2,586.20 2,820.85 5,525.10 4,177.55

13,904.96

2,291.ir

6,592 79

1,576 74

767 Oo

2,562.21

1,354.85

Galena, Cherokee County, Kansas.

This zinc and lead mining district is located in the extreme southeast comer of the State, and was first called the Short Creek mining district owing to the mines first being discovered near a small stream known as Short Creek.

The first discovery of lead ore in this district was made in

The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

the year 1865 by a man sinking a well, but the amount of ore found was small and attracted but little attention. The next trike of ore was made on April 7th, 1877, by two prospectors who found almost a solid mass of lead ore at a depth of 12 ft. ; this was -enough to induce other prospectors to sink shafts, many of which found shallow deposits of lead. Then there was a rush of miners :and prospectors to the new field, which was called the Poor Man's Camp, and even up to the present time no better opportunities can found for small investments of capital than the Galena district. For the first ten years the mines were confined to rather a .mall area, but have since been gradually reaching out to the west :and southwest, so at the present writing the largest production of ainc and lead comes from what was two years ago undeveloped land. The Galena district is well equipped with machinery for operating its mines in the way of hoisting and dressing for market. Pew details of statistics of production by individual companies can be secured, as many of the companies cannot give the required information on account of mislaid records. The following tabulated state, ment of individual companies will serve to show what has been done in the past. The production is now larger than it has been in the history of the district:

Galena Lead and Zinc Company, 320 acres of land :

Pounds of Pounds of

Year. lead ore. zinc ore.

1888 528,560 7,264,867

1889 2,934,385 8,333,223

1890 1,389,865 8,388,758

1891 794,780 4,325,782

1893 2,253,980 5,129,560

1893 2,435,160 6,130,450

1894 829,715 3,885,317

Total 11,166,426 42,457,947

Battlefield Mining Company, 40 acres:

Production from May 1st, 1892, to December 31st, 1893. 13,094,363 lbs. of zinc ore. 2,309,590 lbs. of lead ore.

The John J. Mastin Land.

This is one of the new tracts of land which with development commenced producing in 1894 and under the management of Mr. St. George Noble, has made the following production up to June 1st, 1895:

Of Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas. 83

18M:

22,223,031 lb. rouffb and olean zinc ore,

lead ore.

Value of product $64,295.66

1895:

16,876,166 lbs. rouffh and clean zinc ore,

lead ore.

Value of product ...$57,481.77

Total from sale of ore $121,777.43

Production from the South-side Mining and Manufacturing Company, operating 80 acres of land :

Year Lbs. of lead ore. Ami. sold for. Lbs. of zinc ore. Ami. sold for.

1878 (from Dec. 9th) 286,663 $7,001.55

1879 10,201,291 233,330.84 271,13) $3,169.09

1880 9,553,204 215,999.59

1881 7,708,234 230,518.49 2,283,480 18,%7.84

1882 5,007,410 115,501.66 4,650,250 37,208.04

1833 2,368,808 69,093.66 3,535,690 28,205.55

1884 1,351,847 97,096.03 3,054,330 24,434.55

1335 1,883,661 31,169.07 8,337,690 65,831.50

1836 1,671,813 49,610.30 14,475,180 115,801.47

1837 1,808,775 47,458.46 10,101,600 80,813.52

1383 1.339,2n 20,604.51 14,679,770 116,638.16

1893 1,070,360 25,146.28 3,977,890 31,833.12

1891 1,016,00" 25,781.09 8,458,400 67,667.20

1893. 1,018,229 21,815 44 7,615,110 69,920.88

1893 1,569,380 29,738.03 2,582,760 18,079.32

1894 1,273,650 21,185.80 3,334,200 16,728.86

Total 50,501,688 $1,280,888.89 100,505,6- $791,415.66

Grand total from sale of lead and zinc ore, $3,072,304.55.

Much of the early history of this important industry can only be secured from statements made by early settlers, some of whom have been closely identified with the mining operations from 1851 up to the present time. Almost all early records of production and prices paid for the ore are lost or destroyed. A large amount of ore and pig lead was produced from both Jasper and Newton counties during the war, as both armies obtained them from this district. From the most authentic source it is learned that the earliest discovery of lead ore in Jasper County was made by trappers and Indians on Centre Creek in 1836 at or near what is now Oronogo. This was surface lead, and was melted up in chip fires and molded into bullets, but no actual facts are obtainable as to mining until the opening of the Mosley mines in 1851. These mines are still in operation, and are located in Section 26 and 27, Township 26, Range 32, Newton County, Mo., about 15 miles southeast from Joplin.

34 The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

The next mine was discovered and opened up by George Cavenaugh on what was known as the Tingle land on Turkey Creak and now the Granby Mining and Smelting Company land, located in the northwest part of Joplin. This mine was given the name of the *'Leadville Diggins," and has retained it up to the present date. The first lead ore produced was sold to Mr. Lee Taylor at tl6 per thousand, and he hauled it by wagon to the Grand River in th& Indian Territory, built flat boats and shipped the ore to New Orleans. The next lead mines discovered and opened up were in 1857, at what is now Granby, Newton County. These mines proved very productive and have been worked almost continuously up ta the present time. From 1861 to 1865 we can get but little reliable information except that a large production of lead ore was made, and during the time that this region was in possession of the Confederates, a Colonel Broad well purchased all the ore that he could get, paying $16 per thousand in gold. The Federal troops alsa purchased ore at 116 per thousand, but no records appear as to the amount. Active mining operations were commenced immediately after the war in 1865 at Oronogo by the Granby Mining and Smelting Company; then the Joplin mines were discovered by Messrs. Moffet and Sargeant, in August of 1870. The Webb City and Car* terville district was opened in 1873, and Short Creek or Galena. Kan., in 1875.

Early History of Lead Ore Smelting.

Ex-State Geologist Prof. G. C. Swallow gives a record and shows a cut of a lead smelter located on Center Creek west of Oronogo in 1854. The location of this smelter is on the N. E. of S. E. i. Section 10, Township 28, Range 33, Jasper County, Missouri, on land now owned by John H. Taylor. The next smelter was located at the 'Leadville Diggins," and was built by a Mr. Fitzgerald, of Carthage, and the next was built in about 1858 at Granby, Newton County, and then the Noble ton Smelting Company in 1859. The next smelting operations were the Moffet & Sargeant Smelting Works on Joplin Creek in 1871-1872. All of these early worka have passed out of existence, and the only smelters now in operation are the Granby, operated by the Granby Mining and Smelting Com pany, at Granby, Newton County, the works of the Picher Lead Company at Joplin, and the Case & Searge Lead Company, Grand Falls, Jasper County.

Of Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas. 35

Productiox of Lead Ore from Southwest Missouri and South Kansas.

The following table has been compiled from every available source at command, but can only be given as approximately correct, since many records are lost or destroyed :

1851 to 1&59, 2S,000 tODS of 2.000 lbs. 1884 10,300 tons of 2,000 lbs.

1860 " 1880, 18,500 18 11,225 " " "

1870 1875. 23,700 1888 11,575

1876, 8. B. 1887 10,450

Kan. in- 1888 12,350

eluded... 6,776 1880.. 12,430

18n 8,911 1800 14,601

1878 9,625 1801 13,780

1879 12,320 1882 20,380 " "

1880 11,604 1803 18,410 " "

1881 12,127 1804 31,890

1882 11,980

1883 9,240 " " " Total... 315,312 " " " "

Granby Mining District. No review of the lead mining industry of southern Missouri would be complete without a mention of this great lead producing district, which was first opened up in the year 1857, and up to 1860 had produced not less than 15,000,000 lbs. of lead. At the present time the mines are principally controlled and operated by the Granby Mining and Smelting Company, which smelts all of this lead ore. It is also a large producer of zinc ore and operates a zinc smelter at Pittsburg, Kan.

The Nobleton Lead Smelting Company. Through the courtesy of Mr. E. St. George Noble, of Galena, Kan., we are enabled to give a synopsis from the prospectus of the Nobleton Lead Smelting Company, which was organized in 1859 with a capital stock of $200,000 (2,000 shares of $100 each) under a charter from the State of Missouri, and controlled by lease from the Pacific Railroad Company for a term of 10 years for mining purposes, 3,520 acres of land at and near the present location of Granby, Newton County, Mo. This company platted a townsito of 320 acres, called Nobleton, and at the same time commenced mining and building a lead smelter containing four Scotch fur naces, and one high stack or furnace with condensing chamber and flue for conducting away the smoke. The plant contained the necessary machinery for driving eight Scotch furnaces, which would give a capacity of 48,000 lbs. crude lead ore daily, equal to a production of 36,000 lbs. of pig lead each 24 hours.

86 The Lead And Zinc Miining Industry

The lead ore found in the mines contained by assay 80 to 83 ji pure lead. Tlie smelting, however, produced but 75 per cent, lead. The following paragraph is from the prospectus: The first deposits or vein was found at 12 ft. from the surface of the ground and contained float mineral in small cubes mixed with carbonate of lead, or as the miners call it, drybone. The second layer or vein is 35 ft. from the surface. It is a regular but small vein mixed with large masses of zinc ore '' sulphuret of zinc " or black jack as it is termed. This zinc ore is found in large masses, and can be obtained in any quantity at a nominal price, on account of the great distance from all present means of cheap transportation.

The NoBleton Lead Smelting Company established a rule to give the miner and prospector a clai of acres of land to operate and then sell his lead ore to the company at $16 per 1,000 lbs., the miner paying a rent of $2 per 1,000 lbs. to the company. The four Scotch furnaces smelt daily 24,000 lbs. of ore yielding 75 per cent., or 18,000 lbs. pure lead. The ore cost per contract $16 per 1,000 lbs., making for the 24,000 lbs. of ore $384. The first smelting in the Scotch furnace produced a yield of 65 per cent., at a cost of smelting the 24,000 lbs. of ore of $85.68. The second smelting of the slag or refuse from the first smelting yields 10 per cent, additional pure lead at a cost of $28.04, making a total of $497.72. Transportation from the smelter by teams to railroad, a distance of 155 miles, per ton of 2,240 lbs., $25.76. Railroad freight from Syracuse to St. Louis, 163 miles, per ton, $4.70. Add cost of smelting lead at the works, $61.94. Total cost of lead delivered in St. Louis, $92.40.

The market value of lead per ton in St. Louis at this time was $120.96, leaving a net profit to the smelter of $28.56 per ton of pig lead. In the fall of 1861 the smelting plant and mines was taken possession of by the Confederate forces, which operated them for some time, then the Federal troops captured them, and eventually the plant and all records were destroyed, so that no specific data can be given as to output.

The price of pig lead from 1771 to 1893 has been given as follows by Mr. W. H. Picher. It will be seen that some years are omitted in this statement, but at the present time these prices cannot be determined.

Of Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas 37

Teai:.

Prloein London per ton of 2810 lbs.

Price loBtbfc

Year.

Price in London per ton of 2340 lbs.

Price lOolbs.

Year.

Price in London per ton of 2,240 lbs.

Price

per

£ 8. d.

£ s. d.

£ B. d.

fe.l9 1

©.18

177:J...

6.01 11836...

i7ra ..

ms...

me...

12 17 tf

18U...

6.49 :

18U0. .

'1813...

'1816. . .

5.U6

134...

Zl 13

3Jj7

4.67 ,

4.87 '

4.81 ,

3:3 17 6

:1834...

31) 17 6

1798. . .

1838...

4.54 '

Year.

Price in

London per ton

of 2,346 lbs.

Price loflbs.

Price

in

New York.

Price

in

St. Louis.

£ 8. d. IH 2 6 '4 15

S4.46

aoi

3.a5

3.95 '

The Picker Lead Company.

This company has been closely identified with the lead mining industry of southwest Missouri, in the Joplin district, almost from its commencement. The foundation for the Picher Lead Company's smelting and white lead works was started in 1870 by Messrs, MolTet and Sergeant as the Lone Elm Mining and Smelting Company. These men were the pioneer prospectors and miners of the Joplin district, and found large deposits of lead ore, but owing to lack of transportation could not dispose of the material, and Mr. E. R. Moflfet, having a considerable knowledge of lead metallurgy, built a hot-air furnace and a small reverberatory furnace with a capacity of 1,500 lbs. galena in eight hours.

As the production of lead ore rapidly increased this primitive

38 The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

class of f amaze was not equal to the demand. The process was too slow and at the same time very expensive. The company therefore changed its plans and built water-back Scotch hearths, and in 1875 had four Scotch hearths in constant operation, each treating 3,000 lbs. in eight hours. As the rich lead slag from the various air furnaces and Scotch hearths was accumulating, the

SECTION OF THE BAQ-H0U8E FO'RWHITErXiME.

company built a slag hearth with a low shaft and a single tuyere, and by this plan saved a part of the lead contained in the slag. Up to this time no attempt had been made to save any lead fumes or flue dust which escaped from the furnaces at first smelting. In

1

f

Of Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas. 39

187G the firm of Lewis & Bartlett, who for a number of years had been experimenting in the manufacture of white lead pigment from lead material by a fire process, conceived the idea that it might be possible not alone to condense the lead fumes direct from lead smelting furnaces by filtration, using a textile fabric as a filtering medium, but also to utilize these fumes in manufacturing white lead pigment. Mr. E. 0. Bartlett came to this district and made an arrangement with the Lone Elm company to carry on a series of experiments to demonstrate the idea. As far as carried out these proved satisfactory, and in 1877 Mr. Bartlett began the erection of new works to carry out his ideas. After many ups and downs success was reached. And in 1870 the new works passed into the hands and management of the Lone Elm company.

The works were operated successfully by the new process for about one year, or until 18S0, when they were destroyed by fire, but were at once rebuilt, and, as far as possible, fireproof buildings were erected and on a much larger scale than the old works, as the new process had demonstrated the fact that the company could pay higher prices for lead ore than they were worth under the old process of treatment. The new works opened up with 16 Scotch hearths, with a capacity of 144,000 lbs. of lead ore per day, and four furnaces were to manufacture white lead pigment from the slag, flue-dust and lead fumes from the Scotch hearths at first smelting. Mr. E. R. Moffet was sole owner of the works, having purchased Mr. J. B. Sergeant's interest. Mr. Moffet was not satisfied with the results obtained from the Scotch hearths, as they required too much attention and labor, and did not produce enough of material for the white lead process. He therefore removed them and adopted the Moffet ore hearth (called the Jumbo by the smelters). By making this change in hearths he was enabled to treat more than double the quantity of lead ore, and thus doubled the material for manufacturing the white lead pigment, all with the same labor as used with the Scotch hearths. From this time on the works operated successfully. In 1887 the entire plant passed into the hands of the Piclier Lead Company, the present owners. Mr. E. 0. Bartlett, the original patentee of the process, became general manager of the entire works. Many substantial improvements were made, and close economy observed in treating the lead ore, and in the quality of the product under new patents. At the same time the ore output of the district has largely increased since

The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

1889. Some quite extensive and successful experiments have been made with complex lead and zinc ores under the Lewis- Bartlett process, but are not now continued because of the satisfactory volume of the lead ore product of the Joplin district.

The Lewis and Bartlett Process.

This process as used at the Picher Lead Company's works at Joplin, Mo., is fully described in detail in Transactions American Institute of Mining Engineers, VIII. (Dewey), Engineering and

Fume Coolers.

Mining Journal, July 4th, 1885, and in Hof man's Metallurgy of Lead, As the present process does not differ materially from these descriptions, it is not necessary to repeat it in detail. The lead ore (galena) is smelted on the Moffet ore hearth, where a part of the lead smelts down to the metallic state, while a certain per cent, is retained in a rich lead slag, which is laid aside for re treatment. Another portion of the lead is carried up with the blast as flue-dust

OF SOUTHWEST MISSOURI AND SOUTHEAST KANSAS. 4t

and lead fumes, and these are drawn by an exhaust fan into a flue where the flue-dust settles, and from this flue the material is eonducted into a series of cooling sheet-iron pipes. After passing through, the exhaust fan forces the fumes into the filter, which consists of a quantity of flannel bags attached to sheet-iron hoppers. The gases are strained through the meshes of the flannel, while tho lead fumes are retained on the inside of the bags, and gradually fall into the iron hoppers. The collected lead fumes are very bulky, and not easily handled without great loss while being conveyed to the furnace for retreatment and the manufacture of white lead. They are, therefore, drawn from the sheet-iron hoppers, and emptied 'on the floor at the bottom of the bagroom, and there ignited and the carbonaceous matter and lead sulphide burned out, thus leaving a pure lead oxide and sulphate. In the fumes thus calcined the heat generated is so great that the lead fume particles agglomerate from oxide of lead in the fumes.

The lead slag, flue-dust, lead fumes and carbonated ore from the district are then treated in the pigment apparatus for the manufacture of lead and sublimed white lead. This apparatus consists of two water-jacket furnaces on the cupola order, and a flue in which the white pigment is prepared. The two furnaces are placed side by side, in order that the gases and fumes from the one shall pass. over the other. Over the two furnaces is a flue of water jackets, extending into a brick flue, which again communicates with a brick tower. The lead material is treated with the best grade of Pennsylvania coke and some fluxes to form a liquid slag. A portion of the lead smelts down and runs out of the furnace together with the slag and passes into the slag pot, where it separates from the slag and is then ladled into the mold forming the pigs. The slag flows over the top of the slag pot through a spout into a basin with running water. The balance of the lead is volatilized and is drawn by an. exhaust fan into a flue. The lead fume is mixed with flue-dust, particles of coke and coke ashes. They are now passed through a brick flue and brick tower. These are kept intensely hot by the heat from the furnaces, and any sulphide of lead present burns into a white lead compound. Coke particles are burned up, and tho flue-dust and ashes center together and fall to the bottom of the flue and tower. The pigment is now drawn from the tower into a cooling sheet-iron flue, and after passing through this is forced inta filtering bags the same as the lead fumes from the Moffet hearths,.

The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

Of Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas. 43

and is there collected in hopjwrs and then emptied into bins, from which it is packed into barrelfl ready for market.

Moffet Hearth Or Jumbo Furnace.

Recently, in addition to the product from the Moffet hearth and carbonated ore, a certain amount of raw galena ore has been treated directly in the pigment furnaces and with quite satisfactory results. The furnaces are the same as described ; only the brick pigment furnaces, generally called slag hearths, are superseded by the more modern jacket furnaces. The lead loss in the process is almost too small to be considered, as but a small per cent, is lost in the refuse slag. It is stated by Dewey, and by Hofman in his Metallurgy of Lead, that the refuse slag contains 25,37 lead oxide. In the early history of the works the refuse slag would contain at most 10 lead, but since the proper fluxes are used the per cent, lost in the slag is very small.

Capacity of the Works.

The company has kept the works up to the production of ore from this district and is now operating four Moffet ore hearths, and smelting 168,000 lbs. of galena and about 1,600 lbs. carbonated ore daily. There is, however, still an excess of capacity both in power

44 The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

and condenser, and as the lead ore output increases new furnaces can easily be added. The works have produced at the rate of 5,000 tons of sublimed white lead annually, and this amount can be increased by converting the galena ore directly into pigment and producing little or no pig lead.

Demand for Sublimed White Lead,

It has taken some time to properly introduce this product, bu't the demand for sublimed white lead has largely increased during the past six years. Painters and paint grinders at first experienced some difficulty in manipulating it, but now it is conceded that the= pigment makes an exceptionally fine and smooth paint. Sublimed, white lead also enters largely into the manufacture of oilcloths, in paper staining, and in the manufacture of rubber goods. In thisparticular it prevents blossoming of the sulphur and gives a fine black finish to the goods.

The commercial white lead is an amorphous sub-sulphate of leadcontaining a small per cent, of zinc oxide. The latter is an incidental part of the pigment from a small amount of zinc ore present in the lead ore from southwest Missouri. It may be eliminated, but it is generally conceded by painters that it is not detrimental.

The Welch-Suttox Lead and Paint Company.

By Prof. C. V. Petrbus.

The firm of Welch & Sutton commenced business in Joplin in 1890, and in 1892 organized and incorporated as the Welch-Suttou Lead and Paint Company. The basis of the paint manufactured by this company is sublimed white lead made by the Picher Lead Company of this city, a review and description of their process is found preceding this article. As many, who may read this pamphlet, may not be familiar with the merits of this new product of sublimed white lead, a description of its properties as a basis for paint and of its general composition will be of interest.

Sublimed white lead is manufactured by the Lewis- Bartlett process under the personal supervision of the patentee, Mr. E. 0. Bartlett, General Manager of the Picher Lead Co. The process consists substantially in the subjection of lead ores to the action of intense heat and air, whereby the ore (lead sulphide) is vaporized by the heat and oxidized by the air, and the product, when cooled and collected, constitutes the sublimed white lead of commerce.

Of Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas. 45

The analysis of sublimed white lead shows it to be composed of -an amorphous sub-sulphate of lead, also a small amount of zinc oxide, as it is next to impossible to eliminate the zinc ore from the lead ore, owing to their close association as found in the mines of this district. The small quantity of zinc oxide is in no way detrimental to the value of the pigment, but rather adds to its valuable qualities, and the value of zinc oxide in conjunction with lead as a basis for paint is generally conceded. Compared with other white lead of commerce made by the corrosion of lead or otherwise, as a paint basis, it will outlast any of them. While the peculiar fineness of sublimed white lead not only makes it cover the surface better, adhere better, and penetrate deeper into the pores of the surface than any other white lead, but ii also gives a finer and smoother finish to the paint with fewer coats.

The best-known white lead is the one made by the corrosion of lead by the Dutch method. This white lead, called carbonate of lead, is a sub-carbonate of lead, and is manufactured by exposing metallic lead to the action of air, moisture, acetic acid and carbonic acid, whereby the lead is gradually oxidized, changed into subacetate, and lastly into sub-carbonate of lead, the latter in minute crystals built one on another so as to form a hard china-like mass. This is ground in water so as to free the sub-carbonate from any adhering acetate of lead. While this pigment, no doubt, is good, still not only is it crystalline — which is a disadvantage to any pigment, as it has a tendency to make it transparent — but also, as the pigment is originally found as a hard mass, the mechanical means to reduce this mass to a fine powder does it very imperfectly and the finest samples of this carbonate of lead are after all very granular and coarse.

Sublimed white lead on the other hand, being formed from a vapor, and the particles never having any chance to settle together and become compact masses, forms a powder which is always soft and smooth, of impalpable fineness, therefore the ideal of a paint pigment.

Quick-process carbonate of lead is mechanically less rougli and -coarse than the Dutch-process corroded lead, but it is more crystalline and therefore inferior in covering quality.

The smoothness of sublimed white lead makes it, when used with pure linseed oil, a paint, which as a resistant to the action of water, either salt or fresh, cannot be equalled. This fact is very apparent

46 The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

when a paint made from sublimed white lead as a basis is applied to the bottom of ships, as it does not wash off like carbonate, and on account of its extreme fineness and smoothness, it furnishes little or no resistance to the water; neither will it permit barnacles, seaweeds, moss, or sea worms to take hold on the vessel bottom — in fact, as an all-round paint for ship bottoms or upper works it is superior to all lead paints at present before the public. Sublimed white lead as a primer or filler for first-coating new work is without a peer, as its fineness and its closeness of combination with' linseed oil gives it an exceedingly deep penetrating power, thereby causing it to adhere firmly to the surface and not to permit, the upper coats to peel and scale, as is the case when ochres, etc., are used as primers. In painting metals, as machinery, bridges, and other metal structures, sublimed white lead is superior even tored lead, as it will outlast this lead and will cover the surface with a much smoother coat and will not 'crack or fiake off when used with good oil, with the expansion and contraction of the metal.

Sublimed white lead being a much firmer compound than corroded lead, the gases resultant from decomposition and combustion, sa fatal to corroded lead, turning it almost black, have no effect upon sublimed white lead ; heat also destroys the whiteness of corroded lead and turns it a yellow shade, but has no action on sublimed white lead.

Sublimed white lead also has distinction of making an enamel, which while it flows and works exactly similar to wearing body varnish, will not crack or craze and will wear as well inside as out without turning yellow, and gives a better finish than has been obtained by any other enamel.

The knowledge and investigation of these facts, as above set forth, was the cause of The Welch-Sutton Lead and Paint Company locating their works at Joplin, and making a specialty, of the manufacturing of paint products having sublimed white lead for a basis ; and as a proof that their confidence in this product was not misplaced, it may be mentioned that they have, since locating here, been compelled to enlarge their factory and plant three times and the capacity is now ten times larger than when they first commenced business.

Of Southwest 3Iissoubi And Southeast Kansas. 47

Appendix.

Lead akd Zinc Mining i2S' Missouri and Kansas First Half of 1895.

The lead and zinc mines of the Joplin district, which now covers an area of 100 miles from east to west, by 30 miles from north to south, have for some years past attracted the attention of capitalists and mine operators in the United States and Europe. The zinc ore produced from this district is of the highest grade and, therefore, very desirable for smelting. The first zinc ore was produced in this district in 1873, amounting to but 960 tons, which sold at an average of $9 per ton. From that time up to the close of 1894 the production has gradually increased, and in 1892 the production was 148,150 tons, which sold for an average price of $22.50 per ton; in 1893 the production was 134,090 tons and in 1894 it was 142,642 tons. In the 21 years the district has produced a total of 1,407,832 tons of zinc ore, which sold for $27,722,858. The zinc smelting industry has kept pace with the production of ore, so that the demand for the ore from the smelters has been fully up to the production. The present year opened with a surplus stock of ore, held by the operators, amounting to 2,885 tons, and the ore market was in a demoralized condition, with prices fluctuating between $15 and $18.50 per ton for the best grades. Early in February the demand increased and prices advanced to $20.50 per ton ; this used up all the surplus stocks in the hands of the operators. During March and April the product of the mines was taken each week by the smelters, so that but a small surplus accumulated. Early in May employees of the smelters at Pittsburgh and Weir City, Kan., went out on strike. At the time it was feared that this

The Lead And Zinc Mining Industry

would prove a severe blow to this district, but the trouble between the smelters and the employees was easily adjusted, and after general repairs the smelters all resumed operations, and were again in the market for ore. During the month of June the ore market was very regular, and prices ranged from $18 to 122.50 per ton, according to grade. The first half of the year closed with the market in a more healthy and settled condition than it has been for eighteen months past. The smelters are at the present time paying the mine operators the full value of the metal contents of the ore, according to the price of spelter in St. Louis, Shipments during the first half of the year were as follows :

District,

Tons Zinc Ore.

Joplin

Webb City and Carter xille

Galena, Kan

Zincite

Carthage

Alba

Wentworth

Aurora*

Granby Greenfield and Urookline.

Total +.

17,250

26,640

18,110

5,375

1,425

75,C06

Aurora also shipped 4,215 tons of silicate durinsr the first half of 1835. t It is estimated that there are less than 2,000 tons of ore left in the hands of the operators.

In mining proper there has heen considerable new development, extending over the entire district, all of which has been very satisfactory to the operators. This development of new lands has come none too soon. It took 21 years to open up the mines of this district, and make them produce at the rate of 3,000 tons of ore per week. This largeoutput would have exhausted, ere very long, the ore bodies already exposed. Galena, Kan., has taken the lead in opening up new land; its present enormous weekly output is taken from what was two years ago almost barren wastes of land. Forrest Home, in Lawrence County, Missouri, 18 miles northwest of Aurora, has made important development as well as surface improvements, in the way of a large ore dressing and concentrating mill. The new and prosperous camp of Wentworth has also made a good showing during the past six months.

There is but little to say in regard to the lead mining industry.

Of Southwest Missouri And Southeast Kansas. 49

further than that it has kept pace with the zinc, and the production for the first six months of the year is 15,457 tons. The total value of the zinc and lead production for the half-year is 11964,975. The Picher Lead Company, of Joplin, which takes the greater portion of the lead produced in this district, is increasing its output as the production grows and has recently commenced to grind its suhlimed white lead. The capacity of this department will be increased as the trade demands. The Case-Searge Land Company, located at Grand Falls, five miles south of Joplin, is running its plant to its full capacity and is using the 0. B. Moffet process, recently patented, for coudenaing and utilizing the fumes.

Index.

A

Alba Mining District 48

Allen, J. W 2326

Allen, Roberi; 18

Appendix 47

Area of Zino Mining District 5

Association of Lead and ZIno Operators 12

Aurora Mining Company 80

Aurora Mining District 29-48

Aurora Silicate Ore 12

Average Price of Ore 12

B

Bag Room, Picber Lead Company . . 38-41

Barry County, Mo 5-6

Bartlett,B,0 18-39

Benton County, Ark 6

Berry Mining Company 30-31

Bishop Mining Company 13

Black Land 29-30-31

Blanton & Wyatt Mine 21

Blow, Henry 5

Bonanza Mining Company 29-30-31

Boone County, Ark 6

BrinkerhofE Mining Company. . . 29-30-31

Broadwell, Colonel 34

Brookline Mining District. 48

Brueggeman, A. H. 25

Bucking Hammer 8

Burlington Mine 18

Camden County, Mo 6

Campbell & Co. Mining Company. . . 31

Capacity, Picher Lead Company 43

Carbonate of Zinc 29

Carroll County, Ark 6

Cartersvllle Mining District 19

Cartersville Ore Production 25

Carthage Mininor District 9-48

Case-Searge Land Company 34-49

Cavenaugh, George 34

Centre Creek Lead Ore 33-34

Oentre Creek Mining Company 20

Chatham Mining Company 22

Cherokee County, Kans . 5-41

Chltwood HoUow 17-1

Christian County, Mo ft

Cleaning and Washing Ore 7

Cleveland &AuroraMlning Company, 31

Cobb,S.H 23

Comparison of White Lead and Sublimed White Lead 45-46

Connor, Thomas, Land 25

Cook,Mr., N.Y 17

Cornfield Mines. 24

Cost o r Mining and Cleaning Ore 8

Crossman Mining Company 18-15

Cupola Furnace, Picher Lead Co 41

Dade County, Mo ft

Dallas County, Mo ft

Dayton Mining Company 20-30-31

Decatur Mining Company 29-30-31

De Long Mining Company 30

Development of the Gobbler Mine. . . 28

Discovery of Zinc and Lead 19

Douglas County, Mo ft

" Dry Bono " 29

Dutch Process for Manufacture of White Lead 45

E

Eagle Mines, Blende ville, Mo 15

Ealer Land, Production 20-24

Eastern Star Mine 21

Eclipse Mine, Production 20

Eleventh Hour Mining Company 23

Elliott Mining Company 30-31

Empire Zinc Company 15-lft

Engineering and Mining Journal 15

Evans, Alvln 20

F

Filtering Lead Fumes 41

Fitzgerald, Mr 34

Frye, Charles 1ft

Fume Coolers, Lewis & Bartlett Process 40-41

Furnace, Picher Lead Company 41

INDEX.— Continued.

Oalena Lead and Zinc Company- 83

Galena Miningr District 31-48

Oaston, Mr 19

Geol. Survey of the United States 6

G. M. & S. Company*s Land 18

Gobbler Mine 28

Grade of the Ore 9

Granby MiuiniT Bistrict 36-48

Granby Mlninir and Smeltinsr Co. 5-18-34

Grand Falls Mines 49

Greene County, Mo 6-6

Greenfield Miningr District 48

GreflTff, Col. H. H 27

Gregory Mining Company 13-14

Gregory & Walton 13

Grund, Louis 25

Hacker, W 18

Hall Mining Company 30

Harrison & Spenoer*s Mines 16

Hedburg,E ia-19-a8

Heddcns Mining and Smelting Co ... . 13

Helm, Louis 25

Hiemenz, Henry 25

History, Early 5

History of Lead Ore Smelting 84

History of Martin Land 34

Holmes, J. R 19

Hoover, D. C 26-27

Hubbell,L.W 29

H. U. E. Mine 18

Indian Territory Ore District 6

J

Jackson, John, Estate 19

Jacobs Brothers Mine I6

Jasper County, Mo 5-6-33

Jefferson County, Mo., Lead 6

Jigs, Hand 7

Joplin Machine Works 16

Joplin Mines, Discovery of 34

Joplin Mining District 47-48

Joplin Prospecting Company 19

Jumbo Furnace 43

Kentucky Mining Company 29-30-31

Kohinoor Mine 15

Lawrence County, Mo 6

Lead Ore Production 35

Lead Ore Smelting 34

Lead Producing District 6

Leadvllle Diggins " 34

LeadviUe Hollow 17-

Leases on Mining Properties. . . . . . . . .' 6

Lehigh Zinc and Iron Company, Pa. . . 15

Lenz,PhillpH ], 25

*Lewis-Bartlett Process 89-40

Little Nuggett Mine 28

Leckie, W. M le

Leonard, E. B 19-28

Leslie Land 2-30-81

Liles, T. J., Land 31

Lone Elm District 17

Lone Elm Mining and Smelting Co. 37-39

Louisville Mining Company 29-31

Luke, D. W 26

Madison County, Ark 6

Madison County, Mo., Lead 6

Margerum Mining Company 20

Marion County, Ark 6

Market in 1893 lo

Marketforl885 47

Mastia, John J., Land 3S

Matthiessen & Hegeler Works, 111 5

McConcy, D. C 13

McCorkle Hill Mining Company 21

McDonald County, Mo 6

Mesplay, W. S 5

Methods of Mining in the past 6

Midland Mining Company 29-30-31

Mineral Industry Quotations 10-11

Mining, Past Methods 6-7

Missouri Mining Company 20

Moffet, E. R 34-3

Moffet Ore Hearth 89-40

Moffet Process 49

Moffet & Sargeant 37

Moffet & Sargeant Smelting Co 34

Molly Gebson Mine, Mo 28

Morgan County, Mo 6

Mound City Mining Company 25

Murphy, Patrick 5

N

Noble, St. George 33

Nobleton Lead Smelting Company. 85-36

Nobleton Smelting Company 34

Nevada Mining Company ao

Newton County 33

Newton County, Ark 6

Newton County, Mo 5-e

New York Lead and Zinc Co ... . 29-80-31

Ore Dressing 7

Oronogo Lead Ore 33-34

Oswego Mining Company 17

Ozark Mining Company 29-30-31

Ozark UpUft 5

Perry, B. N., Mines

Petraeu8,C.V 44

Picher,W.H Price of Plff Lead.. 86-87

Picher Lead and Zinc Company 17

Pierce Mining Company 28

PinkardMine W

Plumb ftMloor 29

Plumb, Minor & Rogers Mining Co. 80-81

Poor Man*s Camp 82

Polk County, Mo

Porter,B.D &

Portland Mining Company 18

Possum Hollow 17

Price of Fig Lead 37

Production, Aurora District . . . 89-80-31 Production, Blanton & Wyatt Mine. . 21 Production of Centre Creek Mining

Company 20

Production, Chatham Mining Co 22

Production of District 10

Production of Eaier Land 20

Production, Baler Land and Cornfield

Mines 25

Production, Eastern Star Mine 21

Production of Eclipse Mine 20

Production, Elerenth Hour Mining

Company. 23

Production, Oalena Lead and Zinc Co. dZ Production of Oranby Smelting Co . . . 18 Production of Jacobs Bros. Mines. . 15-17 Production, W. Joplin Lead and Zinc

Company W

Production of Lead Ore 35

Production, Margerum Mining Co . . 21 Production, McCorkle Hill Mining

Company 21

Production of Ore 48

Production, Perry, E. N., Mines 24

Production, Richland Mining Co 24

Production, Roaring Spring Mines. . . 27

.Production, Scotia Mine 27

Production, South Side Mining and

Manufacturing Company 33

Production, Spring City District 28

Production, Tracy Lead and Zinc Co. 22 Production, Troup Mining Company. 23 Production, Webb City— Cartersville. 25 Production of Western Zinc Company

Mines 17

Production of Zinc and Lead Ore,

weekly 11

Proportion of Ore to waste 9

Properties of Sublimed White Lead. . 45

Pumping 8

Purchasing Ores 10-11-12

Report of output of Oobbler*8 Mine . . 29

Bex Company Statement 14

Rex Mining and Smelting Company. . 13

Richland Mioing Company 24

Richer Lead and Zino Company. 29-80-81

Rlnker, George W 81

Rinker Lead and Zinc Company 81

Roaring Springs Lead and Mining Co. 80

Roaring Springs Mines 88

Rothwell,R.P 15

Sargeant,Mr 84

Scammon Mining Company 80

Scotch-hearth Lead Furnace 88

Sergeant, J. B 89

Searsey County, Ark 6

Shifferdecker, Charles 88

Shipment of Ore, First. 6

Shipment of Ore in 1895 48'

Short Creek Mining District 31

SiUcate of Zinc 29

Slag Bye Furnace 42

Smelting of Lead Ore 34

South Side Mining and Manufacturing Company 33

Spencer,J.H 26

Spring City Lead and Zinc Company. . 25

Spring City Mining District 25

Springfield Mining District 48

St. Francis County, Mo., Lead 6

St. Louis and Aurora Mines 29-30-31

St. Louis-Aurora Mining Company. . . 80

Ste. Genere County, Mo., Lead 6

Stewart, P. W., Mines 80

Stewart Land 30

Stewart Mining Company 30

Stilwell Mining Company Dividend... 14

Stock on hand . 12

Stone County, Ark 8

Stone County, Mo 6

Stone, Col. W. B 26

Stotts City Mining District 48

Streator Mining Company 13

Strike at the Smelters 47

Swallow, Prof . G. C 34

Sublimed White Lead 44

T

Tanney County, Mo d

Taylor,JohnH 18-€

Taylor, Mr 19

Taylor,Lee 5-34

Terre Haute Land 31

Tingle Land 34

Timbering &

INDEX.— Continued*

'Tracy Leaa and Zinc Companyt £1

Troup MLnlDif Compuijr , . . . S3

Turkey Crcefe IS-M

Turkey Hen Mine. , 38

U

tTpper Mississippi Lead EeglaQ

Uses of Rublimed White Lead , . 44

r

Vaoce Land 29-901

Victor Cftrtersville Mo 9

Value of Ore Produced 10

Valueof Zinc Ore Produced 4B

Webb City aud CarterBTille MlnioK

District , 48

Webb City Mltilng District 19

City Ore Production E6

Webrter County T Mo. .,,. fl

Weekly Output end Value of Ore 11 Weleh-Sutton Lead and PHlnt Go. . 44-46

Wentworth MlniDff Diatrlct. , 28-48

Wetherill, W. C. - 15

Wfegtern Zinc Company , ♦ 17

West Joplln Lead aod Zinc Companj. 18

White Lead (sublimed) Manufacture. 41

Wicks, H. S., MioJng Company 13

Wilson & Campbell 19

Wrlifht County, Mo 6

Washing' and Cleanio tbe Ore 7

Waflhinton County Mo. Lead 6

Waste, proportions of, tc 9

Water Jacketed Flue ,. 41

Wanffh.J.M 24

r

Yale & Co., F. L. , - 19

Z

Z Incite Mini Off District 4S

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By

R. P. Rothwell, C. E., M. E.,

£!ditor of the Engineering and Mining Journal'''' Ex-President American Institute of Mining

Engineers Member American Society of Civil Engineers Fellow Royal

Statistical Society London etc., etc.y etc.

'These are the most thorough and exhaustive works on the statistics and progress in

mining and metallurgy that have ever been published, and no person at

all interested in the industry can afford to be without them.

The Scientific Publishing Company,

Publishers and Booksellers,

New York: London:

253 Broadway. 20 Bucklersbury.

Inowknsablk Rkpbrknob Book.

The Mineral Industry,

ITS STATIVnOS, 1V0IIH0I.09Y AMD TfUPB

In Tn

Vol I. Pwom Uw BMllMt TlmM Uw Gt— of 1898, - $a.eO.

Vol.11. u pp iii wmH iicVol.l, 8.00.

Vol.111. " Vote. I A II. 1884, . 8.00.

These large ocUvo volumes are the most important contributions to the -statistics of the mineral industry ever published. They describe the occurence and character of deposits in which the useful minerals are found ; the characteristics of the mineral ; methods of mining ; treatment of ores ; characteristics of metal or other products ; costs ; uses ; statistics of production ; imports and exports ; consumption ; review of mineral, metal and mining stock markets. Extremely valuable technical articles by the most competent authorities give the recent progress in each department of mining, metallurgy and the chemical industry, and thus supplement and bring up to date all the technical books. The tables of itemized cost of production of many of the minerals and metals afford information of the utmost value to all interested in the industry.

The following minerals and meuls and their products are treated ;

Abrasive materials ; alum ; aluminium ; antimony ; arsenic ; asbestos ; asphaltum; barytes; bauxite; bismuth; borax; bromine; cadmium; cements; the chemical industry, with the latest electrolytic and other processes applied in America and Europe ; chrome iron ore and its products ; clay and the clay industry; coal, with graphical tables of production, consumption per capita, production per man employed, costs, markets, coal mining machines and their work; copper production, consumption, markets, improvements in copper metallurgy, all the electrolytic refining processes, present practice in copper concentration and extraction throughout the world ; copperas ; cryolite ; feldspar ; fluorspar ; gold and silver ; graphite ; gypsum ; iron and steel ; advances made in iron and steel metallurgy ; lead, distribution and production of lead in all countries ; recent improvements in the treatment of argentiferous ead ores ; magnesite ; magnesium ; manganese ; marls ; mica ; nickel ; onyx; yzokerite ; peat : petroleum ; its production, refining, markets, etc. ; phosphate rock ; phosphorous ; precious stones ; pyrites ; quicksilver ; the rare elements, their occurrence and production, (barium, boron, calcium, cxsium, cerium, chromium, columbium, didymium, erbium, gallium, germanium, glucinum, indium, lanthanum, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, osmium, palladium, potassium, rhodium, rubidium, ruthenium, scandium, selenium, silicon, strontium, tantalum, tellurium, thallium, thorium, titanium, uranium, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zirconium) ; salt ; slate ; sodium ; sulphur ; talc and soapstone ; tin ; tungsten ; stone, including brownstones, limestones, marbles, lithographic limestone, flagstones and all other building stones ; zinc.

Statistics of countries: Australasia; Austria-Hungary; Belgium; Canada; other British Colonies; Chili; France; Germany; Greece; Italy; Japan; Norway; Portugal; Russia; Spain; Sweden; Denmark: Egypt; Holland; Roumania; China; Switzerland, United Kingdom; United States.

Assessments by mining companies ; dividends paid from 1884 to 1894.

(over.)

The

Ore Deposits

Of The

United States.

J. F. Kemp, A.B., E.M.,

FBOFBSSOB OF OEOLOOT IN THE SCHOOL Or MINES, OOLUMBIA OOLUBGB.

Bound in Cloth. Elaborately Illustrated. Price, $4.00.

TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART Idtroductlon*

Chapter I.~Gtoneral Oeoloffical Facts and Principles.

Chapter II.— On the Formation of Cavities in lioclu.

Chapter III.— The Minerals Important as Ores: The Ganffue Minerals and the* Sources whence both are derived.

Chapter IV.— On the Filling of Mineral Veins..

Chapter V.— On Certam Structural Features of Mineral Veins.

Chapter VI.— The Classification of Ore Deposits; a Review and a Scheme Based oi Origin.

PART II.— The Ore Deposits.

Chapter I.— The Iron Series (in part). Introductory Remarks on Iron Ores Llmonite. Siderite.

Chapter IT.— The Iron Series (continued). Hematite, Red and Specular.

Chapter III.— Magnetite and Pyrite.

Chapter IV.— Copper.

Chapter V.— Lead Alone.

Chapter VI.— Lead and Zink.

Chapter VII.— Zinc Alone, or with metals other than lead.

Chapter VIII.— Lead and Silver.

Chapter IX.— Silver and Gold. Introductory : Eastern Silver Mines and the Rocker Mountain Region of New Mexico and Colorado.

Chapter X.— Silver and Gold (continued). Rocky Mountain Region, Wyoming, th& Black Hills, Montana and Idaho.

Chapter XI.— Silver and Gold (continued). The Region of the Great Basin, In Utah,. Arizona and Nevada.

Chapter XII.— The Pacific Slope. Washington, Oregon and California.

Chapter XIII.— Gold elsewhere in the United States and Canada.

Chapter XIV.— The Lesser Metals. Aluminum, Antimony, Arsenic, Bismuth, Chromium. Manganese.

Chapter Xv.— The Lesser Metals (continued). Mercury, Nickel, Cobalt, Platinum Tin.

The Scientific Publishing Company, Publishers,

NEW YORKs LONDON I

293 Broadway. 20 Bucklersbury.

The Metalligi Of Leu)

Akd The

Desperization Of Base Bdllion

H. O. HOFMAN, E.M.,Ph.D.,

Bound In Cloth. Illustrated with Working Drawings.

Price, 96. Oo.

PAET I. ImraoBtrcTioK. Chmpter T Hlatorloal and BUtlBtlcat Kotlce.

Tl Properties of Lead and some of lt GompouDda. III Lead Ores.

IV Distribution of Lead Ores. y BecelTlng, Sampling and Purchasing of Ores, Flues and Fuel.

FABT II. MBTAUilTBGICAL TBEATMBITT OF LXAD ORBS.

"Chapter VI Smelting In the Reverberatory Furnace.

PART III. DKSIIiTKBIZATIOK OF BaS£ BULLION.

'apter IX Pattinson Process. X Parkes XI Cupellatlon "

Obe Soientifio Publishing Company,

NEW YORKj 253 Broadway.

LONDON I 20 Bucklersbury.

&IOSASD P. B OTHWai iTi, O. a. X. B.. Editor.

BOOSITEL. W, &ATKOKD. Fh. D.. X. &. SpMsial Oontrflnitaft

SOPHIA BRABUNUOK, Piirin— Managr.

Absolutely Indispensable

To the Prospector Miner Chemist Engineer Metallurgist Merchant Manufacturer Banker investor Legislator

J7T LL over the world the great army of men. Jl\, who are engaged in developing its mineral resources find the Engineering and Mining- Journal indispensable if they wish to keep informed as to the best practice and the most improved machinery used in mining and reducing ores, and the most advantageous markets for buying and selling mineral products of every description.

This journal has correspondents in every important mining district in the world, who keep its readers informed on everything of interest or value to them. The full illustrated descriptions of new mining regions and new plants ; the mineral, metal, and mining stock market reports ; the weekly list of patents granted in the United States and Great Britain on mining, metallurgical, and chemical processes and machinery; the correspondence coluinn, open to every one interested in mining ; the book notices, which tell of the latest and best in engineering literature— are among the valuable features of the paper.

In short, the Engineering and Mining Journal. is the most useful, progressive, widely circulated, and influential paper in the world devoted to the mineral industry, and no one engaged in any department of that industry can aiford to be without it.

For the United States, Mexico, and Canada, subscription price $5 per annum; for all other countries in the Postal Union, $7.

253 Broadway, New York.