Transactions Of The American Institute Of Mining Engineers Vol Xxxii

The Institute. · 1902 · Historical

Book Source: Digital Library of India Item 2015.167028 dc.date.accessioned: 2015-07-07T00:44:41Z dc.date.available: 2015-07-07T00:44:41Z…

Public-domain full text preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library. Original source: archive.org.

GKNKKAL PORFIKIO DIAZ, President of the United States of Mexico.

Traisactiois

Of The

Yol. XXXII.

Containing tiik Papers and Discussions of 1901, Uedating to the Mineral Eesources and Industries op Mbxioo.

New York City; Published By The Institute,

AT THK OFinOK OF THK SICORMTAKY.

Dedication.

In iukiiowlodiijincnt of the cordial hospitality extended to llu' visitiu,t>: lueiiiherB ol' the Institnte, at the Mexican meet- ing', (his volinne is dedicated to the President and the people of th(' Uui1.e.d Htates of Mexico.

Preface.

As ex])huuo(l on the title-page, this volume contains the ]iii[)ers of 11101 which deal, more or less directly, with the min- era-l resourcH's and industries of Mexico. It also contains the Pro(‘(H‘diiigs of the'Mexican meeting and anillustrated account ilK‘, Ex(uu*sions and Entcriainmeuts connected therewith.

'‘rhe othi'T papers ])resented at the Mexican meeting will he found in Volume XXXL

R. W . Raymond..

Contents.

Page

Officers and Honorary Members, ix

Members and Associates, . xii

List of Meetings, cix

Publications, ... cxi

Pules, cxiv

Peoceedincls.

Mexican Meeting, NTovember, 1901, exviii

Mexican Meeting, Excursions and Entertainments, cxxxix

Papers.

A Synopsis of the Mining Laws of Mexico. By Eichard E. Chism, ... 3

Oems and Precious Stones of Mexico. By George Frederick (Discus- sion, p. 568), 55

The Value of Ores in Mexico. By N. H. Emmons, 2d, 94

The Sierra Mojada, Coahuila, Mexico, and Its Ore-Deposits. By James W.

Malgolmson (Discussion, p. 566), 100

The Coal-Fields of Las Espcranzas, Coahuila, Mexico. By Edwin Ludlow, . 140 The Iron Mountain, and the Plant of the Mexican National Iron and Steel Com- pany, Durango, Mexico. By T. F. Witherbee, 156

The Geographic and Geologic Features, and their Relation to the Mineral Prod- ucts, of Mexico. By Robert T. Hill, 163

The Treatment of Olay -Slimes by the Cyanide Process and Agitation. By E. A.

H. Tays and F. A. Sciiiertz, 179

Notes on the Mines and Minerals of Guanajuato, Mexico. By William P.

Blake, 216

The Mining District of Pachuca, Mexico. By Ezequiel Ordon’EZ, . . . 224

Statistics of the Mining and Metallurgical Industry of the State of Nuevo Leon,

Mexico, 241

The Pachuca Stamp-Battery and Its Predecessors. By M. P. Boss, . . . 244

An Adobe Reverberatory Furnace. By John Gross, 248

Views of an Old Smelter in the State of Morelos, Mexico. By C. W. Pritchett, 251

The Mexican Railroad-System. By Victor M, Braschi, 259

The Patio Process for Amalgamation of Silver-Ores, By Manuel Valerio

Ortega, 276

Notes on the Structure of Ore-Bearing Veins in Mexico. By Edward Halse, . 285 Mexican Railroads and the Mining Industry. By Luis Salazar, . . . . 303

Notes on the Potable Waters of Mexico. By Ellen H. Richards, . . . 335

The Steel- Plant at Monterrey, Mexico. By William White, Jr., . . . 344

The Mechanical Feeding of Silver-Lead Blast-Furnaces. By Arthur S.

Dwight, 353

Notes on Certain Mines in the States of Chihuahua, Sinaloa and Sonora, Mex- ico. By Walter Harvey Weed, 396

Notes on a Section Across the Siorre Madre Occidental of Chihuahua and Sina- loa, Mexico. By Walter Harvey Weed, 444

vin

Contents.

Page

The District of Hidalgo Del Parral, Mexico, in 1820. By Norbeeto Domin- guez, 459

The Mineral Zone of Santa Maria Del Bio, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. By Jesus

P. Manzano, 478

A Study of Amalgamation Methods, Especially the Patio Process, with the

Object of Avoiding the Loss of Mercury. By Miguel Bustamente, Je., . 484 The Geographical and Geological Distribution of the Mineral Deposits of

Mexico. By Jose G. Agutileea, 497

Historical Sketch of Mining Legislation in Mexico. By Eduaedo Metinez

Baca, 520

Discussions.

Of Mr. Malcolmson’s Paper on The Sierra Mojada, Coahuila, Mexico, and Its

Ore-Deposits (see p. 100) , 56t>

Of Mr. Kunz’s Paper on the Gems and Precious Stones of Mexico (see p. 55), . 568

Glossary And Bibliography.

A Glossary of Spanish-American Mining and Metallurgical Terms. By Arthur

S. Dwight, 571

Bibliography of Mexican Geology and Mining. By Rafael Aguilar y

Santillan, 605

Index, 681

Amerigin Institute of Mining Engineers

Officers.

For year ending- February, 1903.

EBEN E. OLOOTT, 'New York City.

t)ice-|Jre0ibnt5.

CABLOS F. DE LAjSTDEBO Pachuca, Mexico.

JOHN E. HABDMAN Montreal, Canada.

JOHN HAYS HAMMOND New York City.

(Term expires February, 1903.)

S. F. Emmons

James Gaylby

J. Henry Lee

(Term expires February, 1904.)

.Wasliington, D. C. New York City. .Baltimore, Md.

itlanagers.

D. H. BACON Soudan, Minn.

E. V. D’INVILLIERS Philadelphia, Pa.

WILLIAM KENT Passaic, N. J.

(Term expires Iebruary, 1903.)

GEOKGE A. CBOCKEE New York ffity.

HORACE V. WINOHELL Butte, Monfc

CLEMENS C. JONES Richmond, Va.

(Term expires February, 1904.)

E. W. PARKER Washington, D. C.

JAMES W. NEILL Salt Lake City, Utah.

M. D. VALENTINE Woodbridge, N. J.

(Term expires February, 1905.)

Secretarg. ©reaenrer.

R. W. Raymond, Theodore D. Rand,

99 John St. New York City.

Philadelphia, Pa.

Past Officers.

PAST OFFIOEPuS.

Pbesidents?.

David Thomas 1S71

Ii. W. 1872

E. X . Raymonb .1873

B, W. Raymo>’-d 1874

A. L. Holley 1875

Abram S. Hewitt 1876

'T. Sterby Hunt 1877

“Eckley B. Coxe 1878

’Eckley B. Coxe 1879

William P. Shixx 1880

'William Hetcale 1881

"BrcHARL P. Both WELL 1882

Egbert W. Hext 1883

James C. Batles 1884

Jamies C. Bayles 885

Egbert H. Eichards 1886

Thomas Eglestox 1887

William B. Potter 1888

Ei CHARD Pearce 1889

Abeam S. Hewitt 1890

J OHX Bibkixbine 1891

JoHX Birhinbixe 1892

H. H. Howe 1893

JoHX Fritz 1894

D. Weeks 1895

E G. Spilsbuby 1896

Thomas jM. Drown 1897

C. IvIBCHHOEE 1 898

James Doeglas 1899

James Douglas 1900

E. E.Olgott 1901

Secretaries.

*Wartin Coryell 187 1-1872

Thomas M. Drown 1873-1883

E. W. Raymond 1884

Treasurers.

J. Pryor Williamson 1871-1872

Theodore D. Rand 1872

Deceased.

Honorary Members.

Honorary Members.

Pkof. Kichard Akermax Stockholm, Sweden.

Sir Lowthian Bell Middlesborougli, England.

Dr. Thomas M. Drown South Bethlehem, Pa.

Prof. Hatox de la Goupillibre Paris, Prance.

Prof. Haxs Hoefer Leohen, Austria.

Prof. Dr. Bruno Kerl Berlin, Germany.

Prof. J. P. Lesley Philadelphia, Pa.

M. Ploris Osmond Paris, France.

Prof. Dimitry Constantin Tschernoff St. Petersburg, Kussia.

Prof. Dr. Hermann Wedding Berlin, Germany.

Honorary Members (Deceased).

Castillo, A. Del 1895

Contreras, Manuel Maria 1902

Daubree, a 1896

Gaetzschmann, Moritz 1895

Gruner, L 1882)

Hunt, T. Sterry 1892

Le Conte, Joseph 1901

Patera, Adolph 1890

Percy, John 1889

PosEPNY, Franz 1895

Eichter, Theodor 1898

Egberts- Austen, W. C 1902

Serlo, Albert 1898

Siemens, C. Williams 1883

Thomas, David 1882

Turner, Peter E. uon 1897

Members And Associates.

(Pmbers aiul issoriates.

Corrected to January i, 1903.

THOSE .MARKED THUh ARE MEMBERS; MARKED THUS f ARE ASSOCIATES. THESE SIGNS DOUBLED INDICATE LIFE MEMBERS AND ASSOCIATES RESPECTIVELY. THE FIGURES AT THE END OP THE ADDRESS INDICATE THE YEAR OF ELECTION HEAVY-PA.CED TYPE SIGNIFIES HONORARY MEMBERSHIP.

Abadie, Emile K., Min. Engr., Genl. Mgr. and .,

Champion M. Co., 5’evada City, Cal. ’76 *Abbe, Cletelaki), Jb.j Teacher, Spec. Asst., U. S. Geol. Survey,

2017 I St., N. W., Washington, D. C. ’OO

Abbott, Ai Arthur Lansing, Mich. ’95

Abbott, Arthur V., Electrical Engr 10 Bridge St, New York, N. Y. ’82

"Abbott, James W., Min. Engr ‘‘The New Markham,” Denver, Colo. ’94

t Acker, E. O’C., Supt., Treatment Dept, Bethlehem Steel Co.,

South Bethlehem, Pa. ’86

*Adachi, JixzOO Katsuno Coal Mine, Chikusen, Japan. ’88

’Adams, G. L, Geologist U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. 0. ’01

Abams, Henry, Genl. Mgr.. Cuban Mining Co South Bethlehem, Pa. ’02

't\DAMS, Mason T., Min. Engr., San Carlos Copper Co.,

Linares, N. L., Mexico. ’02

Ad AMS, Randolph, Min Engr., Genl. Mgr., Tennessee Copper Co.,

Copperhill, Tenn. ’90

Adams, Thomas J N. J. Zinc Co., 11 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’02

Adams, Walter C., Min. Engr Bath Hotel, Montreal, Canada. ’99

*Adams, William H., Min. Engr. and Met, 18 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’80 *Addicks, Lawrence, Elect. Engr., Raritan Copper Works,

Perth Amboy, N. J. ’02

*Addie, Robert, Engr. and Works Mgr.,

Calder Park, Baillieston by Glasgow, Scotland. ’98 Aertsen, Guilliaem, Genl. Mgr., Latrobe Steel Co.,

1200 Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa.. ’88 *Agne\v, William C., Genl. Mgr., Mahoning Ore and Steel Co.,

Hibbing, Minn. ’00

Aguilar Ponciano, Min. Engr Estrella, Guanajuato, Mexico. ’01

*Ahbe, Frederic, Min. Engr Sunrise, Wyoming. ’97

Ahlers, Rudolph 0., Min. Engr.,

The Red Lodge, Mitcham, Surrey, England. ’99'

*Ahles, Robert L., Miner Oxford, N. J. ’02

AkeiTiian, Prof. Richard, Director Genl. and Chief of the Swedish Board

of Trade, Stockholm, Sweden. Akers, William A., Min. Engr., Room 521, Dooly Block,

Salt Lake City, Utah. ’89

Albergee, Louis R., Mech. Engr 95 Liberty Street, New York, N. Y, ’99

*Aldasoro, Andres, Min. Engr.,

Calle de Balderas 1026, Mexico City, Mexico. ’02*

Members A'Nd Associates.

*Aldbich, Truman H., Min. Engr., 2<1 Tice-Prest. Sloss-Slieffield

Steel and Iron Co., Birmingham, Ala. *Aldrich, Truman H., Jr., Min. Engr., Aldrich Mining Co.,

212 Hood Bldg. , Birmingham, Aia.

Audricii, William F,, Prest, Coal Aiming Co Aldrich, Ala.

*Aldridg-e, Walter H., Algr., Canadian Sm. Wks., Cons. Engr., Canadian

Pacific By., Trail, B. C., Canada.

Alexander, Curtis, Aletaliurgist Spearfish, So. Dak.

Alexander, George E., Chemist and Metallurgist,

1736 Champa St, Denver, Colo. *xAlexander, Henry B., Aline Algr , The Euth Alines, Ltd.,

P. O. Box 1, Sandon, B. C., Canada. *xAllan, John F., Alin. Engr., Genl. Algr., Alex. G. & B Kec. Co., Ltd., Alan. Dir., Alexico Venture Synd., etc., la Independencia 36,

Alexico City, Alexico.

*Allan, Leigh, Alin. Engr Pocatello, Idaho.

Allan, Thomas A, , Care Gibbs, Bright & Co. , 34 Queen St. ,

Melbourne, Victoria, xAustralia.

Allherdice, Taylor, Asst, in charge of Alanufacturing, Nat. Tube Co.,

Frick Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa.

*Allen, Anson AV., Supt, Steel Dept Pencoyd Iron Wks., Pencoyd, Pa.

*xA.llen, James, Alin. Engr Clyde Street, Dnnedin, New Zealand.

*Allen, John H., Aletallurgist 202 Edgar Place, Elizabeth, N. J.

*Allen, Egbert, Alet., Care A. E. Morgans, 293 St. George's Terrace,

Perth, AVestern iVustralia.

Allen, Theophilus, Aline Algr., Boom 3, 532 Alarket St.,

San Francisco, Cal.

*Allen, Walter W., Consulting Engr.,

Empire Bldg., Boom 1001, 71 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

Allison, Egbert, Betired Alfr. Alin. Alchy Port Carbon, Pa.

Almy, William F., Alin. Engr.,

Boom 315, Trust Bldg., 60 State St, Boston, Alass.

*Altiiouse, Harry AY., Alin. Engr Potts ville, Pa.

*Ambrosius, Carl E., Mine Owner, Ambrosius Hermanos,

Guanacevi, Durango, Alexico. *Ambrosius, Julius E., Mine Owner, Prest., la Cia. Alexicana de Aluebles- para Escuela, 3a, Calle de Pesado, Alexico City, Alexico. *x4msden, Frank F., Algr., Paxton Furnaces, Paxton 1. & S. Co.,

215 So. Front St., Harrisburg, Pa,

*xA.msden, Otto B., Min. Engr., Black Hills Belt Devel. Co.,

Lead, So. Dakota.

**Amy, Ernest J. H., Banker, Care H. Amy & Co.,

44 Wall St, New York, N. Y.

Andersen, Carl, Min. Engr Manvel, San Bernardino Co., Cal.

jVnderson, Frank, Alin. Engr., U. S. Dep. Min. Surv., Utah and Nevada,

7 Alasonic Bldg , Salt Lake City, Utah.

Anderson, J. K., Min. Engr Bramwell, W. Va.

**Anderson, John W Dunlow, West Aa,

*Anderson, John Wilkinson, Civ. and Min. Engr Dunlow, West Va.

*Anderson, Egbert Hay, Cons. Min. Engr., la Independencia No. 9,

Alexico City, Mexico

*Anderson, E. Wilson, Supt., Open Hearth Furnace, and Met. Engr.,

Carbon Steel Co , Pittsburg, Pa

U8

’96

’81

’S9

’84

’01

’97

’90

’99

’95

’92

’87

’89

’84

98

’94

’86

’86

’80

’02

’99

’99

’87

’93

’85

’97

’96

’99

’98

’02

’95

’96

Xit

Membebs Ast) Associates.

*Anpersox, William R, Concrete Cons., 47 Mitchell Bldg., Cincinnati, 0. ’01

RAndeewes, Edmaed, Maen Offeren Slate Quarry Co.,

Portmadoc, jS”. "Wales. ’01 *AiS(PRE\vs, C. R, Min. Engr. . ..Isaac’s Harbor, Guysboro’ Co., Nova Scotia. ’94 xAxTHOifY, E. G. Stanley, Min. Engr., R O. Bos: 186,

Rossland, B. C., Canada. ’00

*Antz, Eugene, Metallurgist Cuprum, Idaho ’99

Appleby, \Villia 3 I E 911 R E. Fifth Street, Minneapolis, Minn. ’90

Archbald, James, Cons. Engr 424 Jefferson Ave , Scranton, Pa. ’87

Archibald, Charles 32 Inglis St , Halifax, Nova Scotia, ’86

Archibald, Muneoe P. O. Box 25, Truro, Nova Scotia. ’98

*Arents, Albert 561 Railroad Avenue, Alameda, Cal. ’82

Argall, Philip P- O. Box 843, Denver, Colo. ’92

Arlett, George H., Min. Engr. and Metallurgist,

Apartado 159, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’00 Armas, Miltiades Th., Cons. Min. Engr., Care Louis Mori,

2 Eue de la Verrerie, Paris, France. ’96

Armstead, Henry H., Jr., Min. Engr. 25 Cliff St., New York, N. Y. ’00

Armstrong, John 0 40 Hunter St., Sydney, New South Wales. ’94

'ARxMStrong, Thomas, Mineral Draughtsman,

Surveyor General’s Office, Phoenix, Ariz. ’95 *ARNAtTD, Georges, Genl. Mgr. , Gallia Sent Antal G. M. Co. ,

Verespatak, Hungary, Austria. ’91

*AenberGj C. T Wheeling Steel and Iron Co., W’’heeling, W. Va. ’81

Aeozarena, Rafael M. de, 2da Calle de las Estaciones Esquina del

Encino, Mexico City, Mexico. ’ 98

Arthur, Edwarl P., Jr Bi-Metallic Bank, Cripple Creek, Colo. ’97

Ashley, George H., Prof, Geology and Biology, College of Charleston,

Charleston, S. C. ’99

*Ashley, H. H., Pres Parrish Coal Co., Wilkes-Barre, Pa. ’94

Ashmore, Ernest P., Min. Engr ...59 Lansdowne St., Hove, Sussex, Eng. ’00 Ashmore, G. Percy, Min. and Met. Engr.,

59 Lansdowne St., Hove, Sussex, England. ’97" **Ashton, Frank, Min. Engr., ‘Ashton & Dockery,”

Apartado 52, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’00 *Astley, John W., Supt, Snowshoe Gold and Copper Mines, Ltd.,

Phoenix, B. C., Canada. ’91

Atha, Benjamin, Pres., Benj. Atha Co. (Crucible Steel Co. of America),

Newark, N. J. ’84

Atherton, T. "W. T., Min. Engr., Ivory Coast Mining Co., Assinie,

West Africa, and Anerley, London, S. E., England. ’92

Atkins, Horace H., Jr 711 Seventeenth Ave., Denver, Colo. ’99'

Atkins, William Potts vi lie, Pa. ’81

Atkinson, Louis W., Min. Engr , Supt Marmet Co., Marmet, W. Va ’94

Attwood, G., Cons. Min. and Civ. Engr., 13 Sise Lane,

Queen Victoria, Lond,on, E. C., England. ’75

Atwater, Richard M., Jr., Min. Engr Nelson, B. C., Canada. ’97

Agbitby, Lewis E., State Mineralogist Terry Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. ’00*

Austin, J. B., Min. Engr Santa Barbara, Cal. ’83

Austin, Kenneth, Cons. Engr...P. 0. Box 2154, Johannesburg, So. Africa. ’97

Austin, Leonard S El Paso Sm. IVks., El Paso, Texas. ’94

*Austin, T. S., Supt. El Paso Plant, Am. Sm. & Bef. Co. .El Paso, Texas. ’83-

Members Axb Associates.

Austin, 'W. Lawrence, Min. Engr. and Aletallurgist,

200 West 57tli St., Xew York, X. Y. ’82

*Ayers, Fredeuic G 16 AVeymouth vSt., Adelaide, So. Australia. ’98

Ayres, W. S., Min. and Mecli. Engr Hazleton, Pa. ’73

Ayton, Eryest F Apartado 67, Mexico City, Mexico. ’95-

Babbitt, Thomas D., Min. Engr Boise, Idaho.

Bache, Franklin, Min. Engr., Pres. AIcAIester Coal Co.,

Alderson, Ind, Ty., and 505 Land Title Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

*Bachman, David I Box 136, Keystone, Mh Va.

Bachman, F. E Port Henry, X. Y.

*Bacon, Don H., Chairman, Tennessee Coal, Iron & E. R. Co.,

100 Broadway, XeAv York, X. Y.

Badger, Harry S. , Cyanide Operator, Isaacs Harbor, Guysboro Co. ,

Xova Scotia.

*BADLAivr, Stephen, Asst. Siipt., Merchant Mill Dept., Pennsylvania Steel

Co., 309 Pine St., Steelton, Pa.

*Baer, George F., Pres., Phila. & Beading Terminal E’way Co.,

Reading Terminal, Philadelphia, Pa. **Baggaley, Ralph, Coke Manufacturer, Copper Mner and Smelter,

Tradesmen Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. Bagge, Xils 0., Mgr., Black Diamond Copper M. Co.,

Black Diamond, via Pearce, Ariz.

*Bailey, B. X., Civ. Engr ‘The Gladstone,” Philadelphia, Pa.

*Bailey, Charles, Chairman, Reliance Steel Casting Co., Ltd., Pittsburg, Pa.

Bailey, Charles E., Min. Engr Eveleth, Minn.

*Bailey, Edward, Iron Mfr. and Banker Harrisburg, Pa.

*Bailey, Edward Trenholm, Min. Engr., Royal Colonial Inst.,

Northumberland Ave., London, W. C., England.

Bailey, J. Trowbridge, Min. Engr 141 Broadway, Xew York, X. Y".

*''Bailey, James B., Pres Chas. L. Bailey Co., Inc., Harrisburg, Pa.

*Bain, Hugh A P. 0. Box 931, New York, N. Y.

*Bain, H. Foster, Min. Engr Box 672, Cripple Creek, Colo.

*Baird, Dudley, Metallurgist Penn Min. Co., Campo Seco, Cal.

*Baker, C. 0., Jr., Platinum Refiner, Baker & Co., Ltd.,

120 Liberty Street, New York, X. Y. *Baker, David, Gen. Mgr., Dominion Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.,

Sydney, C B., Nova Scotia, Canada.

*Bakeb, Frederick B., Min Engr Republic Coal Co., Athens, Ohio.

*Baker, James H., Min. Engr 901 X. Ochoa St., El Paso, Texas.

*Bakee, Thomas T 414 West Quartz St , Butte, Mont.

Baldwin, Walter J Romansville, Pa.

*Ballou, Franklin, Mgr , Bi-Metallic Plant, Leadville, Colo , Am. Sm. &

Ref. Co., 501 Boston Building, Denver, Colo.

*Balta, Jose., Min, Engr Director de Fomento, Lima, Peru, So. Amer.

Bancroft, George J., Min. Engr 1515 Stout St., Denver, Colo.

*Bang, Henry A., Mech. Engr 1186 Broadway, New York, X. Y.

*Banks, Edwin G., Metallurgist, Waihi G. M. Co., Ltd.,

Waihi, Auckland, New Zealand. *Banks, John H., Min. Engr. and Chemist, Ricketts & Banks,

104 John Street, New York, X. Y.

Members Axd Associates.

Banks, Noble C., Min. and Met. Engr., Care of Geo. Mestingliouse,

'Westinghoiise Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. ’97 Henry C., Min. Engr. and Aline Algr.,

Bellevue Prop., Ltd., Alt. Sir Samuel, Mestern Australia. ’90

I-Barber, 'William B., Alin. Engr 1421 High St., Alameda, Cal. ’01

’Barbovr, Thomas X, Gold Dredging and Alining, Risdon Iron AVorks,

San Francisco, Cal. ’97

Barclay, Thomas H The Tyre Copper Co., Ltd., Ladysmith,

B. C., Canada. ’00

*Bardwell, Alonzo F., Alin. Engr., Assayer and Chemist,

318 Cooper Ave., xAspen, Colo. ’89

Barker, Henry A., Chemist Hedges, Cal. ’02

Barker, Samuel, Jr., Alin. Engr . ...Pennington & Barker, Butte, Alont. ’00

"Barksdale, H. AI Repauno Chemical Co., Wilmington, Del. ’94

Barnett, Leon H Casein Co. of America, Bellows Palls, Vt. ’97

*Barnett, AIaurice Electric Boat Co., 100 Broadway, New ATork, N. Y. ’93

Bx\rnett, AVilliam I., Cons. Alines Selection Co.,

8 Throgmorton Ave., London, E. C., England. ’02 Barney, AIontagu T., Alin. Engr., .Aukobra Tagwa & Abosso Co.,

13 Austin Friars, London, England. ’01 Barnhart, G. H., Supt...The Ymir Gold Mines, Ltd., Ymir, B. C., Canada. ’93

*Barr, X N., Alech. Supt 335 Old Colony Bldg., Chicago, 111. ’84

*Barrell, Robert AV 1225 Spruce St., St. Louis, Mo. ’99

Barren, Henry A., Supt., Newburgh Steel Wks., Am. Steel and Wire Co.,

201 Miles xAve., Cleveland, Ohio. ’02 Barringer, Daniel AL, Alin. Engr. and Geologist, 460 Bullitt Building,

Philadelphia, Pa, ’90

Barron, George D., Prest. and Genl. Algr Box 194, Harrison, N. Y. ’01

Barrows, AV alter A., Jr., Genl. Algr. Blast Furnaces,

Shenango Furnace Co., Sharpsville, Pa. ’90

*Bartlett, James H., Alan. Dir Am. Assn., Inc., Middlesboro, Ky. ’85

Bartlett, Josiah C,, Supt., C. B. Q. Relief Dept.,

209 Adams St, Chicago, Til. ’77

IBartnett, Walter J., Pres., San Francisco & San Joaquin Coal Co.,

Safe Deposit Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. ’99

Bartol, George, Genl. Algr The Otis Steel Co., Ltd., Cleveland, Ohio. ’79

*BaSxSett, AAilliam H., Chemist Coe Brass AInfg. Co., Torrington, Conn. ’92

Batchelder, Chester S. , Assayer and Chemist,

512 Peyton, Bldg., Spokane, Wash. ’OO Batchelder, Joseph F., Auditor, Portland By. Co.,

P. 0. Box 103, Portland, Ore. ’00

*Batcheller, Henry E Box 21, Washington, N. H. ’95

Batcheller, James H., Assayer and Chem., Spearfish G. M. & Bed. Co.,

Cyanide, Lawrence Co., So. Dak. ’00 Batchelor, OwenS., Alin. Engr., Hill Top Min. Co.,

Kamloops, B. C., Canada. ’99

Batchelor, AVm. T., Civil and Min. Engr.,

Gormanston, West Coast, Tasmania. ’02

fBATESON, Chas. E. W., Student 257 AVest 88th St., New York, N. Y. ’01

Batz, Baron Bene de 36 Bue de Tocqueville, Paris, France. ’95

*Baumann, Albert P., Min. Engr. and Supt., Brookfield Min. Co., Ltd.,

North Brookfield, Nova Scotia. ’99

Members And Associates.

XTll

Bayles, Feederick P,, Min. Engr., Am. Sm. & Kef. Co.,

512 Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo. 97 *Bayliss, Rawlinson T., Min. Engr.. ..11 Cornhill, London, E. C,, England. ’89

*Beal, Latham 0 Dunedin, New Zealand. *98

Beale, Addisoy H., Supt., Open Hearth Furnaces Yandergrift, Pa. ’01

"Beals, AVilliam, Jr., Min. Engr., Geol 20 Central St, Boston, Mass. ’97

*Beah, Irving M., Pres., Northwestern and Spring Lake Iron Cos.,

Pabst Building, Milwaukee, Wis. ’92 ’Beardsley, George F., Met ,'Mt. Lyell Min. and Ky. Co., Ltd.,

Queenstown, Tasmania. ’90

'Beatty, A. Chester, Min. Engr 521 McPhee Building, Denver, Colo. ’96

*Beckeb, George F., Geologist.!!. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. ’93

Becker, Theodore Teliuride, Colo. ’01

Beckett, James A., Genl. Supt, Walter A. Wood Mowing and

Reaping Co., Hoosick Falls, N. Y. ’97 Behr, Hans C., Cons. Mech. Engr., Consol. Gold Fields of So. Africa, Ltd.,

P. 0. Box 1167, Johannesburg, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’00 *Bel, J. Marc, Min. Engr., Secy. , Socidt des Ingenieurs Civils de France, etc.,

4 Place Denfert-Kochereau, Paris, France. ’84 *Belden, Sanford B., Mgr., The Jeflfrey Manfg. Co., Columbus, 0.,

402 Times Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. ’01

*Belin, Henry, Jb., Powder Mfr Connell Building, Scranton, Pa. ’87

Bell, Alan D., Min. Engr .St Joseph Lead Co., Bonne Terre, Mo. ’95

*Bell, Charles Lowthian, Engr., Clarence Iron Works,

Middlesborough, England. ’97 *Bell, George A., Marion Malleable Iron Wks..P. O. Box 506, Marion, Ind. ’88

*Bell, James Mackintosh, Geologist Geol. Survey, Ottawa, Canada. ’02;

**Bell, Jno. W Care Stanley Mine, Idaho Springs, Colo. ’99

Bell, Sir Lowtliian, Iron Master Middlesborough, England-

*Bell, Dr. Robert, Dir Geological Survey, Ottawa, Canada, ’85

*Bellam, Henry Lynch, Assayer & Chem Wadsworth, Nev. ’96

‘Bellinger, Herman C., Metallurgist Crofton, B. C., Canada. ’91

*Bellinger, H. P., Solvay Process Co., Syracuse, N. Y.,

1902 W- Genesee St., Syracuse, N. Y. ’89

*Belshaw, Charles M., Mine Owner. Antioch, Contra Costa Co., Cal. ’99

Benedict, William de L., Min. Engr. 43 Cedar St., New York, N. Y. ’83

Benjamin, Edward H., Min. Engr. and Secy., Cal. Miners’ Ass’n,

331 Pine St., San Francisco, Cal. ’99

*Bennet, T. a 6 Drapers Gardens, London, E. C., England. ’90

fBENNETT, Russell M., Iron and Mineral Lands, 604 New York Life

Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn. ’95

*Benneville, James S. de. Analytical Chemist, University Club,

1510 Walnut St.,* Philadelphia, Pa. ’97 Benson, Alexander, Min. Engr , Room 34, Broad Street House,

New Broad St, London, E. C., England. ’90 *BBNStrSAN, E, V., Min. Engr., Effuenta (Wassaw) Mines, Ltd., Tarkwa,

Gold Coast, West Africa. ’92

*Bent, Felton, Pres - Solid Steel Casting Co., Chester, Pa, ’02

*Bentley, George Rolland, Genl. Supt. Central Iron and Steel Co. ,

Harrisburg, Pa. ’96

*Bentley, Robert, Pres., The Carbon Limestone Co., Secy., Ohio

Iron and Steel Co., Lowellville, Ohio. ’84 B

Xviii MEMBERS AND ASSOCIATES.

*Bekton, C. W., Min. Engr., Genl. Mgr., The Tenero M. & M. Co. and

The Washington M. Co , Santa Lucia, Honduras, C. A. ’97

*Berg, P. T., Mech. Engr Homestead Steel Works, Munhall, Pa. ’90

BEBKEir, John Boulder, Jefierson Co., Mont. ’00

Bermingham, Jno , Jr., Supt Cal. Powder Works, Pinole, Cal. ’02

Bereay, Niles S., Supt The United Globe Mines, Globe, Ariz. ’99

*"Berey, J. P P. 0. Box 1160, Johannisburg, So. Africa. ’93

Bertolet, Alfred S., Care Wm. S. Bates, 269 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. ’75 'Best, John W., Treas. and GenL Mgr., Northern Coal and Coke Co.,

Iron Bldg. , Denver, Colo. ’ 99 *Betts, Anson G., Metallurgist... . Canada Sm. Wks., Trail, B. C., Canada. ’01 Beyer, Samuel W.,Pro£. Geology and Mining Engineering,

Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. ’ 98

'Biddle, William F 209 S. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’81

Bien, Joseph E., Secy., Julius Bien & Co. , 140 Sixth Ave., New York, N. Y. ’86 f B igelow, A. S., Pres., Boston & Montana M. Co., Tamarack M. Co., etc.,

Sears Bldg., Boston, Mass. ’88

'Bigelow, David E 2333 Channing Way, Berkeley, Cal. ’01

*Bigler, S. Haldeman, Chemist Eobesonia Iron Co., Kobesonia, Pa. ’02

*Bildt, Carl W Jernkontoret, Stockholm, Sweden. ’86

*Bilharz, Oscar M., Min Engr., Supt., Doe Eun Lead Co., etc..

Fiat Eiver, Mo. ’92

Billin, Charles E., Pres., Am. Engineering Wks.,

204 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. ’75

Billings, G. H., Metallurgist 293 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Mass. ’77

*Bird, Arthur H. S., Mine Mgr. and Supt., Care McCormick & Co.,

Salt LakeCity, Utah. ’97

*Bird, Frank A., Custom Assayer and Analytical Chemist,

P. O. Box 69, Park City, Utah. ’98 Bied, Egbert M., Supt., El Oro Min. and By. Co., Ltd., El Oro, Mex- ico, and Care The Exploration Co., Ltd., 11 Cornhill, London, England. ’97 *Birkinbine, John, Min. and Civ. Engr., Odd Fellows’ Temple,

Philadelphia Pa. ’75

*Bishop, James 12 Custom House, Quay Wellington, New Zealand. ’93

*Black, Egbert S., Min. Engr.,

529 Collins St., Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ’98 Blackstone, Eichard, Chief Engr., Homestake Mining Co..Lead, So. Dak. ’90 Blackwell, Francis 0., Elect. Engr., General Electric Co.,

Schenectady, N. Y. ’92

''Blair, Andrew A-, Analytical Chemist, Booth, Garrett & Blair,

406 Locust St,, Philadelphia, Pa. ’75

IBlake, C. G., Coal and Coke First Nat, Bank Bldg., Cincinnati, Ohio. ’86

*Blake, Francis H-, Min. Engr 43 Cedar St., New York, N. Y. ’84

*Blake, Theodore A New Haven, Conn. ’80

Blake, Prof. William P., Dir., Ariz. School of Mines, Territorial Geol- ogist, Tucson, Ariz. (Summer address, New Plaven, Conn.) ’71 Blakemore, George H., Min. Mgr., Met. and Cons. Engr., Great Cobar

Copper Mining Synd., Cobar, New South Wales. ’97 *Blakeslee, Frank A., Min. Engr., Gt. Boulder Perseverance G. M. Co.,

Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. ’97

*Blandy, John F., Min. Engr Prescott, Ariz, ’71

Blandy, S. H. B., Min. Engr., Silkstone Colliery, Molteno, Cape Colony,

So. Africa. ’02

Membees And Associates.

Blatchfoed, Johx, Supt. of Mines, Golden Keward Con. G. M. and M. Co.,

Beadwood, So. Dak. ’97

*Blatjvelt, Harrington, Min. Engr. and Met., Supt., Cash Mine Co.,

Prescott, Ariz. ’71

*Blauyelt, William H., Genl. Mgr. and Engr , Semet Solvay Co.,

Syracuse, NT. Y. ’87

*Bliss, Collins P., Prof, of Mech. Engineering, Xew York University,

University Heights, Yew York, Y. Y. ’97

*Block:, H. W. C 1804 Warren St., St. Louis, Mo. ’86

*Blood, George Deroy, Min. Engr.. ..134 First St, Salt Lake City, Utah. ’93 *Blow, a. a., Cons. Engr. , Ecuadorean Ass’n and to Australian Sm. and

Eef. Co., 2 Cowper’s Court, London, E. C., England. ’82

Blue, John, Supt of Mines Eustis Mining Co., Eustis, Quebec, Canada. ’88

Bluett, A. Yewton, Oaklia, Chaucer Eoad, Bedford, England. ’96

*Bodfish, Frederick V Victor, Colo. ’01

fBoDWELL, Ernest Y., Lawyer Victoria, B. C., Canada. ’00

Boehmer, Max., lin. Engr 42 Jacobson Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’84

*Boggs, William E., Jr., Chemist and Met., Societe des Mines d’Allen

La Bastide de Serou, Arige, France. ’82

*Bohn, a. K., Min. Engr. and Met P. 0. Box 555, Leadville, Colo. ’94

Bohn, Charles A., Min. Engr. and Mgr., Dolores M. & M. Co., Dolores.

Hidalgo, E. de Guanajuato, Mexico. ’93

*Boies, Henry M., Pres The Moosic Powder Co., Scranton, Pa. ’87

Bolles, J. H P. 0. Box 235, Colorado Springs, Colo. ’92

*Bolles, Eichard J P. O. Box 598, Colorado Springs, Colo. ’93

*Bolton, Charles C Care M. A Hanna & Co , Cleveland, Ohio. ’95

*Bonand, Eene de, Cons. Engr 17 Eue St. Marc, Paris, France. ’97

*Bonestell, H. S., Assayer and Accountant, Mt. Bullion, Mariposa Co., Cal. ’99

Bonillas, Ygnacio, Min. and Civ. Engr Yogales, Sonora, Mexico. ’91

Bonwick, Edwin ATalter, Min. Engr., Care Bewick Moreing & Co.,

P. 0. Box 337, Auckland, Yew Zealand. ’02 *Bonzano, Adolphus, Civil and Mech. Engr.,

331 So. Eighteenth St , Philadelphia, Pa. ’86

**Booraem, Egbert E., Min. Engr 267 Fifth Ave , Yew York, Y. Y. ’87

Boorne, William H.,

15 Lawn View, Eectory Ed., Walthamston, Essex, England. ’99 *Booth, Franklin, Min. Engr., V.-Pres., Levi Booth & Sons, Inc.,

338 Y. Main Street, Los Angeles, Cal. ’92

*Borbely, Led wig, Genl. Mgr Darlorinharutza 8, Budapest, Hungary. ’00

Borchers, Dr. Wilhelm Ludwigsallee 15, Aachen, Germany. ’01

*Borden, Gideon S., Min. Engr Glen Jean, W. Va. ’02

*Borgner, Cyrus, Mfg. , Fire Brick and Clay Eetorts,

23d St. above Eace., Philadelphia, Pa. ’02

Borrow, Frank K 38 Yevern Square, London, S. W., England. ’01

*Bosch, Anton Friedberg str. 27, Charlottenburg, Germany. ’02

*Bo80O, Francis W. , Chemist, Assayer, 1932 So. Sherman Ave. , Denver, Colo . ’ 02

Bosqui, Francis L., Met Engr. Boss, Marin Co., Cal. ’97

Bottomley, H., Deputy Inspector of Mines,

Band Club, Johannesburg, So. Africa. ’02 **Bouoher, Arthur S., Min. and Civ. Engr., Sharpcliffe Hall, Ipstones,

Staffordshire, England. ’94 Bowden, James E., Mine Supt 50 Trinity St, Yewton, Y. J. ’02

Members Anb Associates.

*Bowden, Josiah J Elkhorn Silver M. Co., Elkliorn, Mont. ’01

Boweb, Charles P., Civil Engp 2028 No. 29tli Street, Philadelphia, Pa. ’94 Alexander, Genl. Algr Caledonian Coal Co., Gallup, New Mex. ’90 fBoAVLES, Henry Thornton, Student ..249 W. 107th St., New York, N. Y'. ’02

♦Bowling, Jasper H ,..Harriman, Tenn. ’01

Bovtron, Charles E., Min. Engr Birmingham, Ala. ’93

*Bowbon, James 1401 So. Twentieth St., Birmingham, Ala. ’78

*Boyd, Auglstus W., Min. Engr Erie, B. C., Canada. ’01

fBoYD, Frederick J., Shift Boss Sombrerete, Zacatecas, Mexico. ’02

*Boyd, John Y Jas. Boyd & Co., 222 Market St., Harrisburg, Pa. ’86

*Boyd, Thornton M., Assayer,

Tasmania Reduction Works, Beaconsfield, Tasmania. ’01 Boyd, Villiam Sprat, Min. Engr., Broken Hill Proprietary Co.,

Broken Hill, New South Wales. ’02 fBoYNTON, Henry C., Asst. Instructor in Metallurgy,

24 Reads Block, Cambridge, Mass. ’01 *Boyt, Jno.j Dom. Iron & Steel Co-, Ltd., Sydney, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. ’02

Braden, William, Min. Engr Velardeha, Durango, Mex. ’98

Bradford, Robert H., Prof, of Metallurgy, Center Ward,

Salt Lake City, Utah. ’02

Bradford, Seymoeb K., Min. Engr Tonopah, Nye Co., Nevada. ’02

Bradley, Frederic W., Min. Engr Crocker Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. ’91 *Bradley, George L 1503 Twenty-first St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

(Summer address, Pomfret Centre, Conn.) ’74 Bradley, John C., Genl. Supt., Pratt & Letchworth Co.,

189 Tonawanda St., Buffalo, N. Y. ’99

Bradley, Richard J. H., Min. Engr.,

Care S. Blum, 320 Pacific Block, Seattle, Wash. ’02 *BBADLEy, Walter Wadsworth, Min. Engr.,

Care Ifinhig and Scientific PreeSj 330 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. ’02

*Bradley, William H., Engr Nat. Tube Co., Wheeling, W. Va. ’89

*Bradshaw, Frederick, Mgr. of Mines, Santo Domingo S. M. Co.,

Batopilas, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’02

*Bbady, James, Min. Engr Golden, East Kootenay, B. C., Canada. ’96

*Branner, John C., Prof, of Geology and Vice-Pres ,

Leland Stanford University, Stanford University, Cal. ’84 *Braschi, Victor M., Engr. and Cont..Apartado 830, Mexico City, Mexico. ’91

*Bbassert, H. a Edgar Thomson Steel Works, Brad dock, Pa. ’99

*Bratnobeb, H 43 Threadneedle St, London, E. C., England. ’87

*Bbeen, James Spokane Hotel, Spokane, Wash. ’87

*Breisch, Ernest E., Min. Engr., care Jas. W. Ellsworth & Co.,

Ellsworth, Pa. ’96

*Brendel, Robert, Genl. Supt. of Mines, M. Guggenheim Sons, Apartado B.,

Aguascalientes, Mexico. ’08

*Brennon, John C., Asst. Min. Engr.,].Graud Central Co., Ltd.,

Torres, Sonora, Mexico. ’01

**Beet, Jean le 148 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France. ’9S

*Bretherton, George K York, Mont. ’ 00

**Bretherton, S. E., Met Kendrick Promotion Co., Denver, Colo. ’89

*Bretherton, Walter L., Operator and Mgr., W. A. Clark’s Coal Mines,

Clarkville, New Mex. ’87

*Brett, Alfred J., Windyliall, Blenheim Gardens,

Wallington, Surrey, England. ’02

Members And Associates.

**Brewek, x\ K., Met., Supt. Cia. Minera Fundidora j Afinadora

‘Monterey/’ Monterey, Mexico. 97

fBREWER, Egbert Edward, Student 320 Marlboro St., Boston, Mass. '02

*Brewer, William M., Min. Engr., Northwestern Sm. and Eef. Co.,

P. O. Box 571, Tictoria, B. C., Canada. '93 Bridge, Samuel B. , Assayer and Chemist .Apartado 50, Monterey, Mexico. ’ 01

*Briggs, Boswell E., Civil Engr Calle G-ante tj, Mexico City, Mexico. '01

**Bbinell, JoHAJt A., Chief Engr...Fagersta Bruks Co., Fagersta, Sweden. '98 Brinker, Arthur C., Min. Engr., E. E. Burlingame & Co.,

1738 Lawrence St., Denver, Colo. ’01

**Brinsmade, Egbert B., Min. Engr 4429 Morgan St., St. Louis, Mo. '99

**Britt, Eichard H., Mine Mgr., Poorman G.M., Ltd , Silver City, Idaho. ’98 *Britten, Thomas J., WolhuterGold Mining Co., Johannesburg,

Transvaal, So. Africa. '95

*Broad, Wallace, Geol. and Min. Engr.,

Care Hong Kong and Shanghai . Corp., Shanghai, China. '01

*Brock, Arthur Lebanon, Pa. '87

*Broce:, Charles, Pres Boonton Iron and Steel Co., Boonton, N. J. '81

*Brockunier, Samuel H , Mining Engr Wheeling, W. Ya. '00

*Broden, Albert, Supt., Blast Furnaces Beading Iron Co., Beading, Pa. '89

*Brodie, Walter M., Min. Engr. and Met., Puente Espiritu Santo No. 1,

Mexico City, Mexico. '72

*Bromly, Alfred H., Min. Engr 18 Eldon St, London, E. C., England. ’97

*Brooe;e, Egbert E., Blast Furnace Mgr. Birdsboro, Berks Co., Pa. '02

**Brooks, Alfred H., .Geologist U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, B. C. '00

*Bbophy, James, Mine Operator Coopers, W. Ya. '01

*Browx, Alexander E Brown Hoisting Machinery Co., Cleveland, Ohio. '75 **Brown, Amos P., Prof., Geology and Mineralogy, Univ. of Pennsylvania,

Philadelphia, Pa. '88

**Brown, Archibald T., Cons. Min. Engr., 372 Flinders Lane,

Melbourne, Australia. '91

*Brown, Arthur H., Met, Canadian Gold Fields, Ltd,,

Deloro, Ont, Canada. '02

*Brown, Austin H., Jr., Geni. Mgr. and Cons. Engr., Trinity Copper Co.,

Kennett, Shasta Co., Cal. '92 *Bro'WN, Cony T., Mgr., Mine Development Association, Socorro, New Mex. ’00

*Brown, Donald C Apartado 132, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. '01

*Brown, E. G., Genl. Supt., Chest Creeks Land and Improvement Co.,

Patton, Cambria Co., Pa. '86

*Brown, Edward L., Tieas. and Supt., Chicago Drop Forge and Foundry Co.,

Kensington, 111. '81

*Brown, E. Percy, Min. Engr Bridgewater, Nova Scotia. '98

*Brown, Elwin F., Genl. Mgr Pewabic Co., Iron Mountain, Mich. '91

fBROWN, Fayette, Prest. of Manufacturing Cos.,

Perry-Payne Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. '75 *Brown, Frederick: C., Genl. Mgr., Komata Beefs G. M. Co., Ltd.,

Komata, via Paeroa, Auckland, New Zealand. '00 BrowNj Harvey H., Mfr., Harvey H. Brown & Co., 301 Perry-Payne

Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. '76 Bbown, Horace F., Min. and Mech. Engr 130 Ninth St, Oakland. Cal. '95 fBROWN, Lewis Y., Mgr., Blast Furnace... ..Star Furnace Co., Jackson, Ohio. '90 *Brown, Lucius P., Analytical Chemist and Geologist Nashville, Tenn. ’95

Members And Associates.

Beowx, Raymond, Mgr Duquesne Reduction Co. , Pittsburg, Pa. ’95

*Beowk, R. Gilman, Genl. Mgr., Standard Cons. Mining Co.,

310 Pine St., San Francisco, Cal. ’89 Beown, T, Fostee, Min. & Civ. Engr., Guildhall Chambers, Cardiff, So.

Wales, England. ’86

*Beown, Walter S., Min. Engr 1627 Polk St., San Francisco, Cal. ’02

*Brown, William, Supt., Steel Plant 64 First Ave., Coates ville, Pa. ’91

*Beown, William Clinton, Chief Engr., Henry R. Worthington Co.,

Brooklyn, K Y. ’95

Brown, W'lLLiAM S,, Min. Engr., Care W. Queen, 3 Tudor St.,

Ludgate Circus, London, E. C , England. ’94

'Browne, AbthueB., Min. and Met. Engr Sumpter, Oregon. ’93

*Browne, David H 115 Archwood Ave, Cleveland, Ohio. ’00

fBROWNE, Robert M., Civ. Engr 58 St. John St, Launceston, Tasmania ’96

*Beowne, Ross E., Min. Engr Nevada Block, San Francisco, Cal. ’94

Browning, Walter Jas., Min. Engr., Apartado 101, Monterey, Mexico. ’02 *Brownlee, Archibald G., Mine Expert, 930 Washington Ave.,

Denver, Colo. ’97

Brunton, D. W., Cons. Engr., Anaconda Copper M. Co., Butte, Mont, and

214 Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’83

’Beyan, Leke W South McAlester, Ind. Ty. ’01

*Buck:, Rebus, Mn. Engr Dawson, N. W. Ty. ’97

♦Buck:, Stuaet M., Pres, and Genl. Mgr., Sagamore Coal & Coke Co.,

Bramwen, W. Va. ’71

fBucK, Yictoe B., Jr 801 Edgeware Road, Los Angeles, Cal. ’98

**Buckley, Ernest R., State Geologist, Director of the Bureau of Geology

and Mines, Eolla, Mo. ’02

*Bedd, Frederick E., Chemist, Spring Valley Iron & Ore Co.,

Spring Valley, Wis. ’99

*Bedbo'W, Lester R., Min. Engr., Guggenheim Exploration Co.,

Santa Barbara, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’02

*Bedeow, W. B Care Phila. Plant, Am. S. & R. Co., Pueblo, Colo. ’00

*Behl, Frank H., Pres Sharon Steel Co., Sharon, Pa. ’91

*Bekoezer, Edwin, Metallurgist, Kentucky Iron Co., Paducah, Kentucky. ’01 *Belkley, Frank, Genl. Mgr., The Robinson Cons. M. & Sm. Co.,

Robinson, Colo. ’89

*Belkley, Frederick G., Mine Owner and Mgr., Penrose, Tam O’Shanter,

and The New York Mines, 408 Equitable Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’82

*Belkley, Henry W 141 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’79

*Bulley, Reginald H., Genl. Mgr Canton Steel Co., Canton, Ohio. ’78

*Bunker, Charles E. , Asst. Supt... Keystone Cons. Mine, Amador City, Cal. ’00 Berbidge, Frederick, Mine Mgr., 51 0 Empire State Bldg., Spokane, Wash.. ’ 87 *Beech, Albert, Mgr., Bunker Hill and Sullivan M. and Concent. Co.,

Kellogg, Idaho. ’00

*Berchell, H. C., Government Engr St. John’s, Newfoundland. ’83

fBuRDEN, Henry, 2d., Pres Cazenovia Natl. Bank, Cazenovia, N. Y. ’92

*Berden, H. H Trojan Car Coupler Co., 36 Wall St., New York, N. Y. ’83

*Bekden, James A Woodside, Troy, N. Y. ’76

Berger, Clarence C., Min. Engr., Cook Turner Co.,

25 Broad St., New York, N. Y. ’97

*Bergess, John DeW., Cons. Min. Engr. P. 0. Box 747, Tucson, Ariz. ’00

fBuKKE, M. D 404 Pike Bldg., Cincinnati, Ohio. ’74

MEMBERS AXD ASSOCIATES. xxiii

Burlixg-ame, Ebqexe E., Chemist and Assayer, E. E. Burlingame & Co.,

1736 Lawrence St., Denyer, Colo. ’82 Burlixgame, Walter E., Assayer and Chemist,

1736 Lawrence St., Denver, Colo. ’01 *Burnham, Mather H., Asst. Insp. Mines,

Box 1324 Johannesburg, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’9S *Burnham, William, Pres, and Treas., The Standard Steel Works,

1103 Harrison Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ’76 *Bijrns, William J., Mill Supt , Park Wks., Crucible Steel Co. of America,

Pittsburg, Pa. ’97

*£urrage, William H Canon City, Colo. ’00

*Burrall, Frederick P., Director Local, Compania Minera de Buena-

yista, etc., La Yesca, Territorio de Tepic, Mexico. ’97 Burrell, Alexander, Min. Mgr., Montana M. Co., Ltd., Marysville, Mont. ’92 *Burrell, HEiVRy, Mine Mgr., Yictor Coal Co.,

602 Plymouth Bldg., Chicago, 111. ’00

Burroughs, G-eorge Tyler, Jr., IVIin. Engr., Minidoka,

Lincoln Co., Idaho. ’02

*Burrows, Charles W., Supt. Met., Smelting Co. of Australia, Ltd.,

Dapto, New South Wales. ’99

Burrows, E. H Apartado 25, Guanajuato, Mex. ’99

Burt, Andrew Devon House, Sanchie by Allva, Scotland. ’99

*’Burt, Charles S Cramer <fe Burt, 1114 Monadnock Bldg., Chicago, 111. ’82

*Bush, B. F., Genl. Mgr., Coal Dept. , North Western Imp. Co., Eoslyn, Wash. ’99

*Bush, E. Eenshaw 104 John St., New York, N. Y. ’85

Bhshell, Benj. D., Min. Engr Tomboy Gold Mines, Smuggler, Colo., ’02

*Eutleb, Chahncey E., Chemist 4548 W. 33d Aye., Denver, Colo. ’96

*Butler, William Curtis, Mgr., The Puget Sound Eeduction Co., etc.,

Everett, Wash. ’96

Butters, Charles 20 Bishopsgate, Within, London, E. C., England. ’83

*Byrnes, Owen, Supt., Gold Belt Mining Co..P. O. Box 131, Marysville, Mont. ’95

**Cabot, John, Jr Care John Cabot, 553 W. 33d St., New York, N. Y. ’99

*Cabot, John W., Min. Engr., Care F. E. Cabot, 85 Water St., Boston, Mass. ’80 *CADy, Charles H., Mgr., Witherbee, Sherman & Co. Iron Mines,

Mineville, N. Y. ’88

Cairns, Frederick I., Asst. Mgr., Anaconda Copper Co.. Anaconda, Mont. ’97 Caldecott, William A., Met.,

P. O.Box 67, Johannesburg, Transvaal, So. Africa, ’02

*Caldebwood, James M Box 469, Johannesburg, So. Africa. ’96

*Caldwell, B. M Bridgeport, Ohio. ’96

*Calero, Josi), Min. Engr., Eeal del Monte M. Co.,

Las Cajas, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. ’01 *Callaghan, John T., Jr., Min. Engr. and Met., Amer. Steel Casting Co„

Chester, Pa. ’96

*Cameron, Donald, Mine Mgr Ashburton M. Co., Folsom, Cal. ’98

*Cameron, William McC., Eandfontein Estates Gold M. Co.,

Eandfontein, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’97

*Cam:m, Egbert, Min. Engr Gauley Mountain Coal Co., Ansted, W. Va. ’00

*Camp, James M., Chemist, etc Duquesne Steel Works, Duquesne, Pa. ’83

Campbell, Alexander J Sausalito, Marin Co., Cal. ’00

Campbell, E. D 108 Hill Street, Ann Arbor, Mich. ’93

Members Axb Associates.

Campbell, Fbank Genl. Algr., The Vindicator Con. G. M. Co., etc.,

302 Boston Block, Denver, Colo. ’99

Campbell, Harry H., Genl. Mgr Pennsylvania Steel Co., Steelton, Pa. ’81

*0ampbele, Marius R., Geologist Address wanting. ’92

Camphuis, George A. , Elm Cottage, Tchidy Road,

Camborne, Cornwall, England. ’01 Caxby, R. C., Supt , Montezuma Lead Co., Santa Barbara, Chihuahua, Mex. ’82

fCAKFiELD, A. Cass 40 Park Ave., Hew York, N. Y. ’76

Canfield, Frederick A., Min. Engr Dover, N. J. ’74

Caperton, W. Gastox, Genl. Mgr. and Min. Engr., Wright Coal and

Coke Co., Wright, W. Va. ’94

*Capp, John A., Chief of Testing Laboratory, General Electric Co.,

Schenectady, N. Y. ’96

*Caracristi, C. F. Z., Civ and Min. Engr.,

50 Broadway, IST. Y., and 15 Walbrook, London, England. ’01

Caedozo, Henri A ' 62 Rue de Tocqueville, Paris, France. ’98

*Caeey, Jno. R., Min. Engr Apartado 160, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’02

*Carhart, Charles M., Supt. of Mines 145 Downs St., Kingston, K Y. ’00

*Carhart, Winfield S., Min. Engr. P. O. Box 610, Telluride, Colo. ’95

*Carkeek, William, Mill Supt Colorado Sm. & Ref. Co., Butte, Mont. ’96

*Cable, Nathaniel A., Mech. and Min. Engr., Westinghouse, Church,

Kerr & Co., 26 Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y. ’00 *Carleton, James G., Min. Engr., Asst. Supt., Care J. M. Restrepo,

Honda, Colombia, So. America. ’92 *Caelsson, Hugo, Supt., Dominion Iron and Steel Co.,

Sydney, C. B., Nova Scotia. ’97

Carlyle, William A., Min. Engr., Genl. Mgr., Cia. de Rio Tinto, Ltd.,

Minas de Rio Tinto, Province de Huelva, Spain. ’96 *Cabmichael, Henry, Chemist and Metallurgist.. 12 Pearl St., Boston, Mass. ’00 Carmichael, Norman, Asst. Min. Engr. and Assayer,

Duncan United Mines, Ltd., Nelson, B. C., Canada. ’99

*Carnahan, Charles T., Mine Owner P. O. Box 566, Leadville, Colo. ’89

Carnahan, John S. , Mine Supt., Mexican Lead Co , Monterey, N. L. , Mexico. ’ 97

*Carnegie, Andrew 5 W. Fifty-first St., New York, N. Y. ’88

*Carney, James A., Div. Master Mech., Chicago, Burlington and Quincy

Ry. Co., West Burlington, Iowa. ’92

Carpenter, Alvin B., Min. Engr., Mgr., Mexico Venture Syndicate, Ltd.,

El Oro, Estado de Mexico, Mexico. ’97 Carpenter, Frank, Metallurgist, Keystone Car Wheel Co. ,

1209 Park Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. ’98 Carpenter, Prof. F. R., Civ. and Min, Engr., Metallurgist,

918 Equitable Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’87 *Carpenter, Rolla C., Prof., Experimental Engineering,

Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y, ’00

*Carr, Louis B., Chemist P. O. Box 707, Pueblo, Colo. ’97

*Carr, Percy E. 0., Chief Engr., The Rincon Silver Lead Mine, Ltd., etc.,

Mauri ques 9, Cordoba, Spain. ’92 *Oarbigan, Andrew, V.-Pres., Dunham, Carrigan & Hayden Co.,

17 Beale St., San Francisco, Cal. ’99 *Cabroll, Lafayette D., Mech. Engr., Care Humphreys & Glasgow,

9 Victoria St, London, S. W., England. ’88 *Caeroll, William E., Supt, Blast Furnace, Antrim Iron Co.,

Mancelona, Mich. ’01

Members And Associates.

CARitY, Hexey E. C., Ciy. and Min. Engr., P. 0. Box 574,

Vancouver, B. C., Canada. 97

*Caesox, Aethre C., Supt Indian Gold Min. Co., Pony, Mont. ’84

Carter, Benjamin P., Min. Engr.,

P. O. Box 1056, Johannesburg, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’95 *Caeter, Henry M., Metallurgist, Nuevo Iron Smelter, No. 2,

Monterey, Mexico. ’02

*Case, Charles M., Treas,, Eoyal Elevator Co.,

55 Chamber of Commerce, Minneapolis, Minn. ’96

*Case, George D Anaconda Copper Co., Anaconda, Mont. ’99

*Case, John J., Genl. Mgr Lake Superior Co., Houghton, Mich. ’94

*Catlett, Charles, Chemist, Geol. and Min. Expert,

10 New Court House St., Staunton, Ya. ’95 **Catlin, Egbert M., Genl. Mgr., Cons. Gold Fields, S. A., Ltd.,

P. O. Box 21, Germiston, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’00

*Cazin, Franz, Cons. Mech. Engr. 308 McPheeBldg., Denver, Colo., ’89

*Chalmers, George, Min. Engr., Supt., St. John del Eey M. Co., Ltd.,

Morro Velho, Villa Nova de Lima, Minas Geraes, Brazil. ’92 **Chalmers, John A., Min. Engr., Care J. S. Sheldrake, 96 Gresham House,

Old Broad Street, London, E. C., England. ’95 Chalmers, William J., Pres., Frazer & Chalmers, Boom 1428,

Marquette Bldg., Chicago, 111. ’94

*Chamberlain, H. S., Pres Boane Iron Co., Chattanooga, Tenn. ’76

Chambers, Egbert E., Mgr., Wabana Iron Mine,

Care Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Co., Wabana, Newfoundland. ’91 fCHAMPLiN, Frederick L., Pres., Gold Dredging Co., etc., Bannack, Mont. ’97 *Chance, Dr. H. Martyn, Cons. Min. Engr.,

819 Drexel Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ’74 Chandler, Charles F., Prof, of Chemistry Columbia University,

New York, N.Y. ’90

*Channing, j. Parke, Cons. Min. Engr 34 Park PL, New York, N. Y. ’84

Chanute, O., Cons. Engr 413 E. Huron St., Chicago, 111. ’79

Chaplin, George P., Min. Engr., The Tasco Mining Co.,

Tasco, E. de Guerrero, Mexico. ’97

*Chapman, Charles W., Min. Dir.,

39 Queen St., Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ’91 *Chapman, Melville D., Mining Coal and Iron Ore,

80 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’00 Chapman, Egbert H., Topographer, U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C. ’97 *Chappell, Howard F., Eesident Dir., General Chemical Co.,

135 Adams St., Chicago, 111. ’94 Charleton, a. G., Cons, Min. Engr., Dashwood House,

New Broad St, London, E. C., England. ’81

*Chase, Charles A., Supt Liberty BeU G. M. Co., Telluride, Colo. ’00

*Chase, Frank D Dedham, Mass. ’84

Chatard, Thomas M., Cons. Chemist,

1714 Ehode Island Ave., Washington, D. C. ’88 *Chauvenet, William M , Min. Engr. and Chemist, Eegis Chauvenet

& Bro., 620 Chestnut St., St. Loftis, Mo. ’90

*Chenhall, James W., Met. Engr. Totnes, Devonshire, England. ’85

*Chesebrough, George L Lyceum Bldg,, Duluth, Minn. ’97

*Chester, Albert H., Prof, of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Rutgers

College, 11 Union St , New Brunswick, N. J. ’71

Members And Associates.

*Chestee, Edward D., Mining Macliinerj, 1 20 Bishopsgate St., Within,

London, E. C., England. ’90'

*Chevbildox, Louis, Min. Engr Apartado 18, Mexico City, Mexico. ’02

Cheyney, Samuel W., Min. Engr. and GeuL Mgr., Jamison M. Co.,

Alta Sierra G. M. Co., etc., 620 Hayward Bldg , San Francisco, Cal. ’87

*Chibas, Eduaedo J Apartado 110, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. ’96

Chibas, Luis E., Engineer and Contractor, Jefatura de Minas,

Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. ’01 *CmLD, Alfeed T., Met , Eiler’s Plant, Amer. Sm. & Eef. Co., Pueblo, Colo. ’00' **Chippexdale, Aethue, Chemist, American Club, Mexico City, Mexico. ’99 *Chisholm, Johx, Metallurgist, Care Donnybrook Gold Fields, Ltd.,

Donnybrook, Western Australia. ’ 00 *Choate, Joseph K., Je., Mine Mgr., Mother Lode hline, Fierro, New Mex. ’00-

**Choate, Wayne, Min. Eng 800 Union Trust Bldg., Detroit, Mich. ’02

*Chouteau, Pieere, Pres., Iron Mountain Co., Security Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. ’76 **Christian, Auoust, Chief Engr., Min. Dept., Anaconda Copper M. Co.,

Butte, Mont. ’99

*Chbistiansen, Herman B., Chemist Bepublic M. & M. Co., Rome, Ga. ’95

Christianson, Peter, Instructor in Metallurgy, Minn. School of Mines,

411 Walnut St., S. E., Minneapolis, Minn. ’01 *Cheisty, Samuel B., Prof., Min. and Met., University of California,

Berkeley, Cal. ’83

*Church, Albert K National Tube Co., Pittsburg, Pa. ’92

*Church, E. D., Je., Secy., Church Dwight Co.,

63 Wall St., New York, N. Y. ’88

*Chuech, Prof. John A., Min. Engr 11 William St., New York, N. Y. ’72'

fCHUECH, Myron J,, Min. Engr University Club, Milwaukee, Wis. ’97

*Chuech, Walter S., Cons. Engr 629 Main Street, Geneva, N. Y. ’81

fCHYNOWETH, B. F Houghton, Mich. ’76

Claghoen, Clarence R., Min. Engr Wahrum, Pa., ’84

Clapp, George H., Chairman, Pittsburg Testing Laboratory, Ltd.,

325 Water St., Pittsburg, Pa. ’83

*Clare:, Allan J., Chief Assayer Homestake M. Co. , Lead, So. Dak. ’97

*Clark, Clarence M., Banker, E. W. Clark & Co., Bullitt Bldg.,

Philadelphia, Pa. ’88

*Claek, Edwin M., Supt. of Smelter, 1982 Bonsallo Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. ’91

fCLAEK;, Frederich Mills Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. ’98

*Claek, George C., Min. Engr ...Bisbee, Ariz. ’01

*Clark, George M., Min. Supt., River Hill M. and M. Co., Placerville, Cal. ’99'

*Clarb:, James M., Civ. and Min. Engr Kanawha Falls, W. Va. ’02

*Clark:, Joseph K., Supt. of Mines Portland, Oregon. ’87

*Clark, Josiah H., Min. Engr 18 Wall St., New York, N. Y. ’98

*Clare:, Lindesay C., Min. Engr., Prells Bldg., Collins St.,

Melbourne, Yictoria, Australia. ’99'

**Clark, Maurice, Assayer Apartado 233, Oaxaca, Mexico. ’86

*Clark, V. V., Min. Engr Albuquerque, New Mexico. ’99

*Clark, Walton, Gas Engr., Gen. Supt. The United Gas Imp. Co.,

Broad and Arch Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. ’96 *Clark, William A., Pres. United Verde Copper Co., etc.,

49 Wall St., New York, N. Y. ’82 Clarke, Charles A., Min. Engr., Morning Star Syndicate, Ltd.,

Loope, Alpin Co., Cal. ’OO

MEMBERS AND ASSOCIATES. XXvii

*ClaekEj E, a. S.j Genl. Mgr., Deeriag Harvester Co., 16 Fullerton Ave.,

Chicago, 111. ’85

*Claeke, Hopewell... 775 Portland Ave., St. Paul, Minn. ’96

*Clark:e, Koy H., Min. Engr., Mgr., I. X. L. Gold M. Co., Eossland, B. C.,

19 Ziegler Block, Spokane, Wash. ’01

*Claee:e, Wm. B., Elect. Engr Genl. Elec. Co., Schenectady, X. Y. ’02

*Claei)ET, Abthue C., Chem. and Met. Engr.,

6 Coleman St., London, England. ’86

*Cleavelaxd, Newton Boston & Oroville Mining Co., Oroville, Cal. ’01

fCLELAND, E. Davenport, Min. Mgr., Bayley’s G. M., Ltd.,

Coolgardie, Western Australia. ’90 Clement, F. H., Engr. and Contractor 32 S. Broad St , Philadelphia, Pa. ’92

Clement, Harrison Edward, Min. Engr Bingham Canyon, Utah. ’02

**Clement, Victor M., Cons. Min. Engr., McCormick Bldg.,

Salt Lake City, Utah. ’87

*Clem:ents, J. Morgan, Geol., Asst. Prof. Univ. of Wis., Asst. Geol.

U. S. Geol. Survey, 609 Lake St., Madison, Wis. ’01 **Clemes, John H., Min. Engr., The Bracken, Newquay, Cornwall, England. ’81

*Clerc, F. L Hotel Metropole, Denver, Colo. ’87

*Cleveland, Newton Palo Alto, Cal. ’ 01

**Glife, Capt. John, Broker Ontario Hotel, Chicago, 111. ’80

*Cloxjston, T. Harold, Mine Mgr., Ringarooma Tin Mines, Ltd.,

Derby, Tasmania, ’01

*Clxjnes, Gordon, Asst, in Min. Dept., The Exploration Co., Ltd.,

11 Cornhill, London, E. C., England. ’99* Clymer, Edward T., Furnace Mgr., Allentown Don Works,

924 N. Front St., Allentown, Pa. ’82

*Olymeb, Frederick H., Min. Engr 249 N. Fifth St., Reading, Pa. ’97

*CoBBE, Hervic N. G P. 0. Box 251, Ealgoorlie, Western Australia. ’01

*Cockerell, Leslie M., Genl. Mgr., United Mexican Min. Assn., Ltd.,

Guanajuato, Mexico. ’GO'

*CoDiNGTON, Edmund W., Pres Am. Min. and Imp. Co., Bartow, Fla. ’90

*CoE, William: W., Civ. Engr Norfolk & Western Ry. Co., Radford, Va. ’83

*CoEEiN, Charles E., Charcoal Pig Iron Mfr Muirkirk, Md. ’82

*CoEEiN, William C., V. Pres., Riter Conley Mfg. Co., 55 Water St.,

Pittsburg, Pa. ’92

*CoGHLAN, Francisco M., Min. Engr Catorce, S. L. P., Mexico. ’91

**CoGS well, William B., Y. Pres. & Managing Director, Solvay Process Co.,

Syracuse, N. Y. ’72

**CoHEN, E. H. A Rand Club, Johannesburg, Transvaal, So Africa. ’94

*CoHEN, H. A., Min. Engr Room 324, 30 Broad St., New York, N. Y. ’89

*CoHEN, Louis, Met 1239 Welton St., Denver, Colo. ’01

*CoLBATH, Harry, Mill Supt Con. Mercur G. Mines Co., Mercur, Utah. ’09

*CoLBATH, L. U., Mine Mgr. and Owner. ..P. O. Box 717, Salt Lake City, Utah. ’87 *CoLBY, Albert Ladd, Met. Engr., Bethlehem Steel Co., So. Bethlehem, Pa. ’83 *CoLBY, Saeford K., Civ. Engr., Pittsburg Red. Co.,

99 John St., New York, N. Y. ’00 *CoLE, Arthur A., Assay er and Chemist, War Eagle and Center Star

Mines, Rossland, B. C., Canada. ’02

*CoLE, T. F., Pres, and GenL Mgr. of Iron Mines Duluth, Minn ’90

*C0LEMAN, Bertrand Dawson Lebanon, Pa. ’95

*CoLLEY, Bernard T Amer. Sm. & Ref. Co., Omaha, Neh. ’88*

XXYlll

Membees And Associates.

CoLLiEE, JoHX H., ]Min. Engr Haydenliill, Lassen Co., Cal. ’00

**CoLLiN, Emile C., Mgr., Cie. des Mines et XJsines d’Escombrera, Bley berg

(Spain and Belgium), 49 Eue de Miromesnii, Paris, France. ’86 *CoLLiNGS, Burton L, Care Harvey & Co., P. O. Box 953,

Jobannesburg, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’02 COLLINGWOOL, Francis, Cons. Engr., and Expert Civil Service Examiner,

346 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’82

*CoLLiNS, George E., Min. Eng 217 Boston Bldg, Denver, Colo. ’00

Collins, Henry F., Min. and Met. Engr., J. H. Collins & Son,

702 Salisbury House, Finsbury Circus, London, E. C. , England. ’ 96

'Collins, Horace F Hermanos, Coah., Mexico. ’00

*CoLLiNS, W. J P- 0. Box 308, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ’93

*Collord, George L., Supt Sbenango Furnace Co., Sbarpsville, Pa. ’01

CoLQUHOUN, James, Genl. Mgr Arizona Copper Co., Clifton, Ariz. ’98

'Colton, Charles A., Director, Newark Technical School,

367 High Street, Newark, N. J. ’74

**CoLviN, Yerplangk N. Y. State Land Survey, Albany, N. Y. ’81

CoLVfELL, James M., Secy, and Treas., N. Y. Camera Mfg. Co,,

164 W. 27tb St., New York, N. Y. ’93 *Golyar, Louis S., Pres., Eagle Iron Co., Kome Furnace Co.,

Chattanooga, Tenn. ’85

*CoMSTOCK, Charles W, Prof. Min. Eng., Colorado School of Mines.

Golden, Colo. ’00

Comstock, Prof. Theodore B., Cons. Engr. , 534 Stimson Block,

Los Angeles, Cal. ’80

*CoNANT, H. D., Asst. Supt... Lake Superior Smelting Co., Dollar Bay, Mich. ’88

*CoNLEY, OVEN J., Min. Eng 96 Broadway, New Y’ork, N. Y. ’02

*Connell, William, Coal Operator Connell Bldg., Scranton, Pa, ’87

*CoNNER, Eli T Cresson, Pa. ’92

'Conner, John T., Mine Supt “ The Monticello,” Helena, Mont. ’00

*CoNNOR, Charles 4840 Lytle St., Hazlewood, Pa. ’86

’’CoNNOR, S. B 2009 Central Ave., Alameda, Cal, ’88

*CoNRADSON, PoNTUS H., Chief Chemist, Galena Signal Oil Works,

Franklin, Pa. ’92

*CooK, Edgar S., Pres Warwick Iron and Steel Co., Pottstown, Pa. ’77

*Cook:, Edward H., Cons. Engr., Supt., Am. Sm. & Kef. Co.,

Asientos, Aguascalientes, Mexico. ’96 CooK, Robert A., Genl. Mgr., Standard Silica Cement Co.,

66 Maiden Lane, New York, N. Y. ’83 *CooKE, Henry M. A., Min. Engr., Oergum G. M. Co., Ltd.,

Oorgaum, Mysore, India. ’01

CooKE, Lewis H Royal School of Mines, London, S. W, England. ’01

CooLiDGE, Walter G., Copper Ref., Chicago Copper Ref. Co.,

310 Western Union Bldg., Chicago, 111. ’82

*CooM, Henry Stratton’s Independence Mine, Victor, Colo. ’02

fCooMBS, Harold L Old Dominion Cop. S. and R. Co., Globe, Ariz. ’02

*CooPER, Augustus S., Min. Engr.. ...219 Crocker Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. ’00 Cooper, Edward, Iron Merchant, Cooper, Hewitt & Co.,

17 Burling Slip, New York, N. Y. ’74 tfCooPER, .James B., Supt., Calumet and HeciaSm. Wks.,

South Lake Linden, Mich. ’99 *Copeland, F. K., Pres Sullivan Mach. Co , 135 Adams St., Chicago, 111, ’87

Membees And Associates.

*CoRBOULT), William Hexry, Hannan’s Reward, Ltd.,

Kalgooriie, Western Australia. ’92

CoBBus, A. W 1511 Jones St, San Francisco, Cal. ’00

’'CoEBUS, J. Parker, Mine Mgr 1511 Jones St, San Francisco, Cal. ’96

H'obeyWV. E., Pres Carnegie Steel Co., Pittsburg, Pa. ’94

*CoEXELius, "William A., Asst. Mgr Natl. Tube Co., McKeesport, Pa. ’01

Cornell, Russell T., Min. Engr., Care Copper Queen Cons. Min. Co.,

Douglas, Ariz. ’ 02

Corning, C. R., Min. Engr 36 M"all St, New AMrk, N. Y. ’86

*CoRXiNG, Frederice: G., Min. Engr 15 Broad St , New York, N. Y. ’77

tCoRRY, Arthur V., Min. Engr P. 0. Box 547, Butte, Mont ’97

Coryell, Torbert, Min. Engr., Supt , Union Imp. Co. of Hazleton, Pa.,

Lambertville, N. J. ’83

CosENS, John Dickson, Min. Engr., The Richmond G. M. Co.,

Pundalur Hilgiri, IVynaad, So. India. ’95 *Cosgro, Jno. P., Mech. Engr., Var Eagle Con. Min. and D. Co.,

Rossland, B. C., Canada. ’01

*CoSTE, Eugene, Min. Engr 171 Lowtber Ave., Toronto, Ont, Can. ’87

**CouMERiLH, William, Mine Operator. Wallace, Idaho. ’95

Countryman, T. R-, Min. Engr., U. S. Dep. Mine Surveyor,

Cripple Creek, Colo. ’8

*CouRTis, W. M., Cons. Min. Engr., Treas., U. S. Potash Co., Ltd., etc.,

412 Hammond Bldg., Detroit, Mich. ’71 *CouRTNEY, Charles F., Genl. Mgr., Sulphide Corporation, Ltd.,

Central Mine, Broken Hill, New South Wales. ’97

*CowAN, James L, Min. Engr 1918 Logan Ave., Denver, Colo. ’99

*CowLES, Alered H., Pres., Elect. Sm. & Aluminum Co., Cowles Elect Sm. & Aluminum Co., Pecos River M. Co.,

361 The Arcade, Cleveland, Ohio. ’86 *Cox, Jennings S., Jr., Genl. Mgr., Spanish-American Iron Co.,

Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, *99

tCox, Sterling B 67 Harrison St, East Orange, N, J. ’01

*Cox, Thomas, Mgr., Larsen & Greenough, Morning” and You Like”

Mines, Mullan, Idaho. ’01

’Cox, William J., Min. Supt., Mollie Gibson Cons. M. and M. Co.,

Aspen, Colo. ’93

fCoxE, Alexander B., Coal Operator Coxe Bros. & Co., Inc., Drifton, Pa. ’80 *CoxE, Charles E., Ore Buyer, Cia. Comercial Beneficiadora de Minerales,

Zacualpan, E. de Mexico, Mexico. ’00

*Coxe, Eckley B., Jr Anthracite Coal Operator, Drifton, Pa. ’93

*CoxE, W. E. G., Sales Agent, Cambria Steel Co. and P. R.R- Co.’s

Anthracite Coal, 316 Nasby Bldg., Toledo, Ohio. ’74 CoYNE, Frank H., Min. Engr... Room 131, 80 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’00

*Crafts, Walter K, Manufacturer of Machinery Oberlin, Ohio. ’95

*Cbagoe, Spencer, Min. Engr., Mgr., Parral Mines Co., Ltd.,

Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’97

Crandall, W. R., Supt Boston-Duenweg M. Co., Duenweg, Mo. ’86

fCRANE, Theron 1 615 Girard Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ’92

*Crane, Walter R., Asst. Prof., Min., University of Kansas,

645 Ohio St., Lawrence, Kan. ’00 *Cranston, Robert E., Mgr., Ashburton Mining Co.,

50 State St, Boston, Mass., and Folsom, Cal. ’73

Members Axd Associates.

*CitATOORi>, Geokge G. , Mgr. , ]XatL Dept. , Natl. Tube Co. , McKeesport, Pa . ’00

Crawford, Hexry E., Min. Engr 220 'VV. 28tli St., New York, N. Y. ’02

*Cra.wford, John J., Met. and Alin. Engr.,

1209 Call Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. ’73

Crawford, John L., Chemist 26 S. Jefferson St., Newcastle, Pa. ’84

*Crem;er, Felix, Engr., Care La Gran Fundicion Central Alexicana,

Aguascalientes, Mexico. ’00

Cremer, J. H 24 Superior St., Cleveland, Ohio. ’75

Crichton, Donald G , Aletallurgist Nundle, New South Wales. ’89

Crockard, Frank H., Mgr,, Eiverside Dept., Natl. Tube Co.,

Wheeling, W. Va. ’95

Cocker, a. L., Mech. Engr 2515 Blaisdel Avenue, Minneapolis, Minn. ’80

’Crocker, George A., Iron Merchant 99 John St., New York, N. Y. ’79

*Croft, Henby, Cons. Engr Victoria, B. C., Canada. ’00

*Crooke, Robert L 100 E. 17th St., New York, N. Y. ’89

Crooker, Ralph, Jr., Mech. Engr Acton, Mass. ’81

*Crookston, a. W., Min, Engr. and Aline Owner,

188 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Scotland. ’80

*Cross, Arthur D 331 Montgomery St., San Francisco, Cal. ’91

*Crow, Thomas B., Assayer and Chemist Idaho Springs, Colo. ’00

Crowell, Benedict, Min. Engr., Crowell <fe Peck,

731 Williamson Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. ’93 Croxton, David T., Genl. Algr... Cleveland Furnace Co., Cleveland, Ohio. ’93 Croxton, Sajiuel W., Pres, and Genl. Mgr., The Penn Iron & Coal Co.,

310 Perry-Payne Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. ’75

*CuEVAS, Luis G., Assayer Apartado 148, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. ’97

'Culling WORTH, Sydney, Alin. Engr., Kulicoola G. Copper Aline,

Palmer, So. Australia. ’97

'CuLLUM, James B., Genl. Sales Agent, Harbison- Walker Co.,

Park Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. ’91

Cummings, George P., Civ. and Min. Engr Marquette, Mick. ’81

Cummings, William N., Min. Engr. & Met., Genl, Supt. for The Dwight-

Furness Co., Etzatlan, Jalisco, Mexico. ’93 CuMMfNS, Leon, Cyanide Chemist and Elec. Engr. ,

1355 Ellis St., San Francisco, Cal. ’00

Cunningham, Eckley S., Mine Supt Drifton, Pa. ’99

Cunningham, James S., Supt., Berwind-White Coal Alin. Co., Windher, Pa. ’83 'Currie, David, Min. and Met. Engr., Lake & Currie, Norfolk House,

7 Laurence Poultney Hill, London, E. C., England. ’00

**CtJERiB, Walter, Min. Engr Bulawayo, Rhodesia, So. Africa. ’96

fCuRTis, Nathaniel, Mining 1737 California St, Denver, Colo. ’98

Cutting, Charles H, Supt of Mines Troy Cop. Co., Troy, Ariz. ’01

Daggett, Ellsworth, Min. Engr Salt Lake City, Utah. ’73

*Daly, Herbert J., Min. Engr., Cons. Mines Selection Co., Ltd., Broken

Hill Chambers, 31 Queen Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ’98 Dan, Tahuma, Care Mitsui M. Co., No. 4, Suruga Cho Nihonhashi-Ku,

Tokio, Japan. ’88

*Dane, Edward G 14 Burnfoot Ave., Fulham, S. W., London, England. ’02

Daneorth, a. H Florence, Colo. ’82

*Daniel, William B., Min. Engr P. O. Box 844, Webb City, Mo. ’00

Daniels, Frederick H., Chief Engr., Am. Steel & Wire Co.,

214 Salisbury St., AVorcester, Mass. ’76

MEMBEKS AKD ASSOCIATEvS.

*Daeby, Thomas L., Alin. Engr., 529 Alining Exchange BIdg.,Den¥er, Colo. ’98

Darlixgton, Hexey 17 Stevenson Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. ’90

ARLINGTON, AVayne, Min. Engr. and Alet Antelope, Idaho. ’95

Darsie, James 401 AVood St., Pittsburg, Pa. ’93

Dart, Albert C., Jr., Chemist and Assayer, P. 0. Box 57,

Idaho Springs, Colo. ’02

Barton, N. H., Geologist U. S. Geol. Survey, AXashington, D. C. ’94

*Davenport, Eessell AAC,

‘‘The Lincoln,” 1222 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’77 Dayey, George, Aletallurgist, 219 Ladbroke Grove, Netting Hill,

London, AV., England. ’91

*Dayey, Thomas N., Aline Owner Lavey & Son, Carthage, Mo. ’97

*I)avid, AV. AI., Nassau Copper AA’’ks.,

Bichmond Aalley, Tottenville, S. I., N. Y. ’88 *Dayidoy, Isieor, Alin. Engr., Santa Barbara Gold Placer Co ,

30 Broad St., New York, N. Y. ’00

Davidson, George At., Chemist, Chicago & N. W. By. Co Chicago, IJL ’81

tDAYTDSON, Louis, Alin., Alech. and Electrical Engr.,

8 Burden Terrace, Newcastle-on-Tyne, England. ’ 99 *Davidson, Otto C., Genl. Supt., Iron Mines, Oliver Iron AI. Co.,

Iron Mountain, Mich. ’91

*I)ayidson, AVilliam S.,, Alin. Engr., Care Clarkson & Co.,

Port Arthur, China. ’96

*Dayies, Edward H., Alin. Engr., 6 Great AVinchester St.,

London, E. 0., England. ’00

*Davies, Hywel, V. Pres Central Coal & Iron Co., Kensee, Ky, ’99

*Davies, AVilliam H., State Mine Inspector, P. 0. Box 743, Hazleton, Pa. ’97

*Dayis, Britton Aline Owner and Algr. Box 127, El Paso, Texas. ’90

*Dayis, Carl B., Alin. Engr., Supt , Centre Star AI. Co., Ltd., and

Eagle Cons. M. & I). Co., Bossland, B. C., Canada. ’99

*Bayis, Charles H., Cons. Engr 25 Broad St., New York, N. Y. ’00

*Bavis, Charles S Beynoldsville, Pa. ’01

*Bavis, Charles AV., Asst. Sales Mgr., Standard Underground Cable Co.,

912 Western Ave., Allegheny, Pa, ’02 Bayis, F. Harley, V. Pres, and Genl Mgr., Bavis Calyx Brill Co.,

128 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’99 *Bayis, Prof. Floyd, Analytical and Consulting Chem. and Min. Engr.,

Iowa Loan & Trust Bldg., Bes Aloines, Iowa. ’88 *Bayis, Frank S., Alin. Engr., Biamond C. & C. Co.,

Biamondville, Uinta Co., Wyoming, ’01 *Bays, George C., Anal, and Cons. Chemist, 39 S. 10th St. , Philadelphia, Pa. ’93 *Bayis, Herman, Owner and Mgr., Nevada Beduction Works,

Bayton, Lyon Co., Nev. ’01

*Bayis, James C., Genl. Supt., Care Leighton & Howard Steel Co,,

East St. Louis, 111. ’98

*Bayis, Lewis K., Mech. Engr Indianapolis, Ind. ’93

*Bayis, Louis M 320 Sansome St., San Francisco, Cal. ’84

*Bayis, Morgan, Jr., Min. Engr.,

Booms 42 and 43 Coal Exchange, Scranton, Pa. ’93

*Bayis, Stewart A., Biv. Supt Am. Sheet Steel Co., Aandergrift, Pa. ’01

*Bayis, William C., Algr., F. M. Bavis Iron Works Co.,

8th and Larimer Sts., Benver, Colo. ’89

Membees Axd Associates.

Davisox, George L., Supt Illinois Steel Co., South Chicago, III. ’97

*Daw, John W., Min., Civ. and Met. Engr., Gen. Mgr., Ashanti Goldfields

Corp., Ltd., 6 Southampton St., London, England. ’93

Bawes, H. F Englewood, X. J. ’87

*I)awsox, T. Lauxcelot, Min. Engr., Yangtse Valley Co., Ltd.,

49 Szechuen Road, Shanghai, China. ’96 Day, David T., Geologist, Chief, of Div. of Mines and Metals,

U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C. ’87

*Day, Williai H., Je., Mfg, and Min Dubuque, Iowa. ’00

a. L , Min. Engr. and Met., P. O. Box 110, Victoria, B. C., Canada. ’96

*Dean, George A., Furnace Supt Penn. 1. & C. Co., Canal Dover, Ohio. ’86

*De Camp, William S., Mine and Forest Engineering, 35 Mt. Morris Park

W., New York. (May—Oct., Fulton Chain, N. Y.) ’76

*De Deken, Albert, Met. , Min. Engr. and Chemist, 64 Rue de la Station,

Louvain, Belgium. ’84

*DbKalb, Coubtexay, Min. Engr., Manager,

Fernando M. Co., San Fernando, Durango, Alexico. ’92

*Deidesheimer, Philip, Min. Engr 2808 Clay St., San Francisco, Cal. ’00

*Delano, Frederic A., Genl. Mgr., C. B. & Q. Ry.,

209 Adams St., Chicago, 111. ’86

**Delaxo, Warren, Jr., Coal Operator 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’92

fDE Lashmutt, Ivan, Assay er... Santa Rita M. Co., Santa Rita, New Mex. ’00

Del Mar, Algernon, Cons. Alin. Engr 351 Mary St., Pasadena, Cal. ’93

*Delprat, G. D., Alin. Engr. and Genl. Mgr., Broken Hill Proprietary Co.,

Ltd., Broken Hill, New South AVales. ’90 *Delrez, Theodore, Civ. and Alin. Engr.,

45 Boulevard Berthier, Paris, France. ’92 *Demond, Charles D., Testing Engr., Anaconda Copper Aline Co.,

Anaconda, Mont. ’94

Dempster, Wm., Alin, and Alet. Engr.,

119 Albert Road, Pollokshields, Glasgow, Scotland. ’01 *Denby, Wythe, Min. Engr., Supt., Alaska-Snettisham Gold Mg. Co.,

Snettisham, Alaska. ’95

*Dengleb, Theodore, Min. Engr.,

Atlantic Mine P. 0., Houghton Co., Mich, ’95 IDenison, Walter H , Aline Owner and Supt., Keystone Manganese & Iron

Co., Cushman, Ark. ’98

*Denman, Heber, Supt The McAlester Coal Co., Alderson, Ind. Ty. ’01

Dennis, Francis J., Min. Engr Tientsin, No. China. ’99

Denny, George A., Cons. Engr., Genl. Min. & Finance Corp., Ltd., Gruson-

werk Bldg , Marshall Square, Johannesburg, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’93

Denton, Fred. W Atlantic Mine P. O., Houghton Co., Alich. ’92

Dbeby, Charles C., Mgr. , Mariposa Com. & M. Co.,

Mt. Bullion, Mariposa Co., Cal. ’99 *Derbt, Orville A., Commissao GeoL e Geol. de Sao Paulo,

Sao Paulo, Brazil. ’02

*De Saxjlles, Arthur B., Supt., Bethlehem Works,

N. J. Zinc Co. (of Pa.), South Bethlehem, Pa. ’71

*Detert, William F., Min. Supt Jackson, Amador Co., Cal, ’99

*Devereux. James H., Min. Engr Aspen, Colo. ’‘89

*Devbeeux, W. B., Min. Engr., Care Ledoux Co.,

99 John Street, New York, N. Y. ’80

Members And Associates*

Dewey, C. E., Mining and Milling 821 Cooper Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’93

Dewey, Edwaep H., Min. Supt Nampa, IdaRo. ’97

Dewey, Frederic P., Patent Causes in Chemistry and Metallurgy,

908 Gr St., N.W., Washington, D. C. ’77

Dewey, William P Care N. Y. Club, 370 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. ’85

fDiCKENSON, Francis M., Secy., Broken Hill Prop. Co., Ltd.,

Equitable Bldg., Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ’95

Dickerman, Alton L., Cons. Min. Engr Colorado Springs, Colo. ’88

Dickerson, Clarence M., Aurora Con. M. Co., Alamo,

Lower California, Mexico. ’02

Dickerson, Winchester, Min. Engr Helena, Mont. ’87

Dickinson, Harold T., Min. Engr., De Beers Cons. Mines, Ltd,,

Kimberley, So. Africa. ’02

*Dicb:man, Herman I’Etat In dependant du Congo, Boina, Africa. ’99

Dicbiman, Egbert N., Min. Engr. and Met.,

1104 The Eookery, Chicago, 111. ’89

*Dickson, Charles Wm., Geologist Columbia XJniv., New York, N. Y. ’02

Diefpenbach, H. M., Manager, Amer. Sm, Eef. Co..Monterey, Mexico. ’02 *Diehl, Ambrose N., Supt., Blast Furnace, Carnegie Steel Co.,

Duquesne, Pa. ’02

*Diggles, James A., Min. Engr Utica G. M. Co., Angels Camp, Cal. ’97

Higgles, Bobert N Melones, Cal. ’00*

*Dikeman, J, M., Min. Engr., Care L. W. Worth Delta, Colo. ’97

*Dingwall, W. B. a., Min. Engr. and Genl. Mgr., La Paz M. Co.,

P. 0. Box 113, Matehuala, S. L. P., Mexico. ’97 **Dinkey, Charles E., Asst. Genl. Supt., Edgar Thomson Steel Works,

Braddock, Pa. ’87

**D’Inyilliebs, Edward Y., Min. Engr. and Geologist,

Rooms 9-10, 506 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’82

*Divine, Richard D., Chemist Am. Sm. & Eef. Co., South Chicago, HI. ’95

**Dixon, James T., Min. Engr., Girton McLaren St ,

North Sydney, Australia, ’99 *Dixon, Samuel, Mine Mgr Macdonald Colliery Co., Macdonald, W. Va. ’97 Doane, W. H., Pres., J. H. Fay & Co. ..115 E. Fourth St., Cincinnati, Ohio. ’90 *Doble, William A., Pres., Abner Doble Co., 200 Fremont St.,

San Francisco, Cal. ’ 94

*Docb:ery, Love A., Min. Engr Robinson House, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’00

**Dodge, Cleveland H., Merchant and Mine Owner,

99 John St, New York, N. Y. ’02 *Dodge, James M., Pres., Link-Belt Engineering Co., Nicetown,

Philadelphia, Pa. ’94

**Dodge, William E., Mine Owner and Merchant, 99 John St.,

New York, N. Y. ’OO

*Dods, John C., Engr., Laclede Fire Brick Mfg. Co., etc.,

915 Wainwright Bldg., St Louis, Mo. ’94 *Doepel, Alexander, Met. and Cyanide Expert,

Burke St., Maryborough, Victoria, Australia. ’00 'Doerr, Albert, Min. Engr., Mgr., Aguascalientes Metal Co.,

Asientos, Aguascalientes, Mexico. ’97 *Doerr, Edward, Genl. Supt., Guggenheim Exploration Co.,

Santa Barbara, Chihuahua, Mex. ’97

Members And Associates.

Doif, JoHisr E., Chemist and Geologist, Waitaki High School,

Oamaru, New Zealand. ’96

*Doxaid, William, Assayer and Chemist, Care Dr. Lucius Pitkin,

47 Fulton St., New York, N. Y. ’00

Dojiallsox, William J Betz Building, Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’81

Doxey, DeWitt C., Chemist and Metallurgist, DeLamar Cop. Kef. Wks.,

Carteret, N. J. ’99

*Donohoe, Chas. M., Civ. and Min. Engr 28 Johnson St., Lynn, Mass. ’01

*Doxo HUE, Patrick J 571 So. Main Street, Salt Lake City, Utah. ’97

*Doolittle, Charles H The University Club, Denver, Colo. ’96

tDoRPLiNGER, Charles H., Glass Mfr White Mills, Pa. ’93

**Doriox, Fernand J., Min. Engr., Genl. Mgr., Cateraow Copper Co.,

Casilla 1000, Valparaiso, Chili, So. America. ’96

*Dorman, Edgar S., Min. Engr P. O. Box 284, Missoula, Mont. ’02

*Dorb, John Van N., Mgr. Cyanide Mill Dead wood, So. Dak. ’01

**Dougheety, Clarence E., Min. Engr 41 Wall St., New York, N. Y. ’87

*Dougherty, J. W., Asst. Supt., Blast Furnaces Steelton, Pa. ’91

fDouGHERTY, Thomas H., Teacher School Lane, Germantown, Pa. ’92

**Douglas, James, Metallurgist 99 John St., New York, N. Y. ’89

Douglas, Theodore, Metallurgist, Anita C. M., Cocorit, Sonora, Mexico. ’01

*Douglas, Walter, Supt., Copper Queen Cons. Min. Co Bisbee, Ariz. ’92

*Doyeton, Godfrey D. , Metallurgist Camp Bird Mills, Ouray, Colo. ’02

*Downer, Koger H Camp Bird Mills, Ouray, Colo. ’02

*Dotvney, Maurice Troy, Mont. ’01

*Downey, W. H., Mine Mgr., Hannans Consuls,

Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. ’98 Doivns, Carleton K., Supt., Bunker Hill Cons. M. Co. ..Amador City, Cal. ’00

*Downs, M. E Downs Bldg., Seattle, Wash. ’87

fDowNS, Walter E., Civ. Engr Sutter Creek, Amador Co., Cal. ’99

Downs, W. F., Min. Engr 76 Fairview Ave., Jersey City, N. J. ’83

*Doyle, Pat., Cons. Engr., Editor and Prop. ‘Mndian Engineering, ”

7 Government Place, Calcutta, India. '79

*Dozieb, Charles T 1934 Virginia St., Berkeley, Cal. ’02

*Drake, Benjamin L, Eynon-Evans Mfg. Co., 107 Liberty St.,

NewYork, N. Y. ’97

*Drake, Charles F. , Mech. Engr. 59tli and Wallace Sts., Chicago, 111. ’00

*Drake, Francis M., Min. Engr., Cie. Franpaise des Mines d’Or et d’

Explor., P. 0. Box 3258, Johannesburg, Transvaal, So. Africa... ’87 *Dbake, Frank, Chief Engr., Iron Mines, U. S. S. Corp.,

416 Lyceum Bldg., Duluth, Minn. ’91 Drake, Noah F., Prof., Mining Eng., Imperial Tientsin University,

Tientsin, China. ’98

Draper, Egbert M., Care Boston <fe Montana Smelter... Great Falls, Mont. ’00 *Drinker, Henry S., Genl. Solicitor, Lehigli Valley By. Co.,

26 Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y. ’71 *Dron, Andrew P., Genl. Mgr. Mines, Longfellow G. Synd., Ltd,,

Big Oak Flat, Tuolumne Co., Cal. ’99

Drown, Dr. Thomas M,, Pres Lehigh University, South Bethlehem, Pa.

*Drummond, George E., Iron Mfr., Koom 70, Canada Life Bldg.,

Montreal, Canada, ’94

JDrummond, John J Midland, Ont, Canada. ’93

*Dbummond, Thomas J., Iron Mfr., Dir, Canada Iron Furnace Co., Ltd.,

Montreal, Canada. ’94

Members Axd Associates.

*Drxjmmoxd, Thomas Eussell, Assayerand Cliemist, Highland Boy Mine,

Bingham Canon, Utah. ’89

Prof. Aug. J ay New Haven, Conn. ’76

*I)uBois, Howard W., Min. Engr., Mixer DuBois, 4526 Eegent St.,

Philadelphia, Pa. ’94

*DuBois, Louis C Care Dorcas M. . & D. Co., Florence, Colo. ’00

*DuBois, Wilbur F., Mine Supt., Arlington Mines, Ltd.,

Slocan City, B. C., Canada. ’00 ’'Dugdeox, Normax, Genl. Mgr., New Inkerman Mines, Ltd.,

Eeefton, New Zealand. ’02 *Dudley, Dr. Charles B., Chemist, Penn. Ey. Co. ,

P. O. Drawer 334, Altoona, Pa. ’78

Dudley, P. H 80 Pine St., New York, N. Y. ’75

Dudley, Uriah, White Eock Silver Mine, Ltd., Drake, New South Wales. ’92 *’Dudley, William L., Prof., Chem., Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Ten n. ’84 *Dufourcq, Edward L., Min. Engr., Genl. Supt., Montezuma Lead Co.,

Santa Barbara, Chihuahua, Mexico ’93

*Duggax, George H., Civ. Engr Sydney, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. ’02

*Dumble, Edwix T. , Geologist, Southern Pacific Ey. Co. ,

1306 Main St., Houston, Texas. ’90

**Dumoxt, John M 1434 Humboldt St., Denver, Colo. ’82

Duncax, Gustavus a., Min. Engr., 418 Dooly Blk., Salt Lake City, Utah. ’02

*Dukcax, Johx, Asst. Supt Calumet & Hecla M. Co., Calumet, Mich. ’80

*Duncan, M. M.. Mine Mgr Cleveland Clifis Iron Co., Ishpeming, Mich. ’84

*Duxham, Lewis A., Min. Engr., Amer. Zinc Extraction Co.,

404 New England Bldg,, Kansas City, Mo. ’99 *Duxham, Lewis E., Mgr., Blast Fur., Ashland Iron & Steel Co., Ashland, Wis. ’90

fDuxLAP, Thomas Doylestown, Pa. ’81

*Duxshee, B. H., Supt Boston & Mont. C. C. & S. M. Co., Butte, Mont. ’90

*Duxstax, Alfred J., Min. Engr-, ‘‘Ovalon,” King St.,

Ashfield, New South Wales. ’90

*Dunyox, Newtox a., Min. Engr 23 H St, Salt Lake City, Utah. ’98

DuPont, T. C., Pres., Central Coal Iron Co., McHenry Coal Co., etc.,

Wilmington, Del. ’97

*Dueant, BQexry T Dayton, Nev. ’02

*Durbrow, Wm., Min. Engr Selby, Cal. ’02

Durham, Edward B., Min. Engr.. .Care Trenton Iron Co., Trenton, N. J. ’00

*Dwelle, Jesse E., Min. Engr 2224 Gaylord St, Denver, Colo. ’98

*Dwight, Arthur S., Min. Engr. and Met , Cia. Metalurgica Mexicana,

27 William St., New York, N. Y., and San Luis Potosi, Mexico. ’85 *Dwight, Theodore, Electr. Engr., Asst Sec., Am. Inst, Min. Engrs.,

99 John Street, New York, N. Y. ’92 *Dysox, James, Civ. and Min. Engr., U. S. Deputy Mineral Surveyor,

Silverton, Colo. ’00

*DYaoK, Thomas Ingleby, Met, The Lloyd Copper Co., Ltd.,

Burraga, New South Wales, Australia. ’97

*Eagax, Daniel, Mech. Engr 4520 Chester Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. ’87

*Eames, Bichabd, Jr., Min, Engr,. Salisbury, N. C, ’88

*Eable, Frank C., Mgr., Cons. Kansas City Sm. & Ref. Co.,

El Paso Smelting Works, El Paso, Texas. ’84 *Earnshaw, Arthur R., Steel Mfr Steelton, Pa. ’02

Members And Associates.

*Earp, Db. Francis S., Met. Chemist, Boulder Perseverance G. M. Co.,

Boulder City, Western Australia.

Eastebbrook, Frank B Raritan Copper Wks., Perth Amboy, N. J.

*Easton, Stanley A., Min. Engr Kellogg, Idaho.

Eaton, Lucien Cleveland CliSs Iron Co., Ishpeming, Mich.

*Eavbnson, Howabl N Tug River, W. Va.

Eberhabut, William G., Min. Engr Ridgefield Park, K. J.

*Eckpeldt, Howard 829 Seneca St., So. Bethlehem, Pa.

*Edb, J. a., Min. Engr El Paso, Texas.

*Edison, Thomas A., Electr. Engr. and Inventor Orange, K J*.

*Edols, j. H., Mine Mgr Kalgoorlie, Western Australia.

Edwards, Adelbert D., Mine Cashier, Atlantic M. Co., etc. ,

Atlantic Mine P. 0., Mich.

Edwards, Arthur J., Met., The Rossman Co. , 801 Guaranty Bldg.,

Minneapolis, Minn.

*Ed WARDS, Henry W., Met Room 23, No. 79 Milk St., Boston, Mass.

*Ed wards, j. Warner P. 0. Box 148, Goldfield, Colo.

*Ed WARDS, Richard M., Min. Engr., Isle Royale Copper Co.,

Houghton, Mich.

Edwards, William S., Pres, and Genl. Mgr., The Franklin Zinc Co.,

Room 804, 116 Kassau St, Kew York, N. Y. *Ehrich, Walter L, Min. Engr., The Wright-Gilnmn Co.,

320 Sansome St., San Francisco, Cal. *Eilers, Anton, Metallurgist and Min. Engr., Amer. Sm. & Ref. Co.,

71 Broadway, Kew York, IST. Y.

*Eilers, Karl, Mgr., Lead Sm. Wks., Eilers Plant, Am. Sm. & Ref. Co.,

Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo.

*Eissler, Emanuel, Min. Engr., Care Morgan, Hares & Co.,

31 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, Prance. Ekbero, Benj. P. , Finsbury House, Bloomfield St., London, E. C., England.

*Ekman, Adolf, Assayer Oroville, Butte Co., Cal.

Elbert, Samuel B., Chem. & Assayer Rollinsville, Colo.

Eldridge, George H.,U. S. Geological Survey Washington, D. 0.

*Elguera, Manuel, Min. Engr Huallaga 188, Lima, Peru, So. America.

Ellard, Hugh F., Supt Ashland Mines, Ironwood, Mich.

*Ellerbeck, T. R., Genl. Supt Utah & Pac. By., Salt Lake City, Utah.

*Elliot, John L., Mining 71 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

Elliott, Arthur H., Engr. and Chemist, Cons. Gas Co.,

4 Irving Place, New York, N. Y. *Ellis, Henry R,, Min. Engr.. .217 S. W. Temple St., Salt Lake City, Utah.

*Ellis, John, Mech. Engr Angels Camp, Cal.

*Ellis, Ralph Walter, Sports Club, St. James Square, London, W.,

England.

*Elmer, James M P. 0. Box 577, Dawson, Yukon Ty., Canada.

*Elmer, William W., Min. Engr. Mgr., M. Gufiy Co.,

Roosevelt, Thunder Mountain, Idaho. *Ely, Theodore N., Chief of Motive Power, P. R.R., Broad Street Station,

Philadelphia, Pa.

*Emanuel, Louis V 55 Rector St., Perth Amboy, N. J.

Emerson, James H., Mine Mgr Denver, Colo.

Emery, August B., Min. Engr., War Eagle and Center Star M. & D. Co.,

Rossland, B. C. , Canada.

’98

'02

'98

'01

'00

'00

'02

'93

'89

'98

'95

'01

'93

'76

'86

'93

'02

'71

'88

'93

'01

’02

'02

'89

'92

'02

'95

'98

'95

'98

'98

'02

'99

'98

'00

'99

'02

Membebs And Associates.

Emlaw, Harlx S-, Engr.j New Keduction Works,

Port Arthur, Ont., Canada. ’98

*Em;mens, Stephen H., Cons. Engr., Care Newton W. Emmens,

726 Park Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. ’93

Emmerich, L. 0., Min. Engr Hazleton, Pa. ’94

*E]MAIerton, F. a., Chemist 9 Bratenabl Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. ’84

tEmmons, Arthur B Newport, E. 1. ’85

*Emmons, Nathaniel H., 2d, Min. Engr., Mgr. and Treas.,

The Taviche Mining and Milling Co., Ocotlan, Oaxaca, Mexico. ’93 **Emmons, Saaiuel F., Min. Engr. and Geologist, XT. S. Survey,

1330 F St., Washington, B. G. ’77 *Engel, Konrab, Bergmeister, Care Berghau Verein,

Essen (Euhr), Germany. ’96

Eng-elharbt, Ernest C., Met 1022 So. 14th St., Denver, Colo. ’95

“English, Norris, Min. Engr 1268 Harrison St., Oakland, Cal. ’01

*Escher, Frank, Bir. Genl., Cia. Metal, de Torreon,Torreon, Coah., Mexico. ’99

Espinosa, Luis San Felipe de Jesus, 16, Mexico City, Mexico. ’02

*Esselstyn, John N., Cons. Min. Engr Baker City, Oregon, ’97

*Estabrook, John B Bavis Elms, Westboro, Mass. ’72

*Eurich, E. F., Cons. Engr., Am. Sm. & Eef. Co.,

71 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’74

fEusTis, Augustus, H 11 Weld Hall, Cambridge, Mass. ’02

fEusTis, Frederick A 11 Weld Hall, Cambridge, Mass. ’02

*Eustis, William E, C., Mining and Smelting..60 State Street, Boston, Mass. ’76 *Evans, Bayid, Genl, Mgr , Mines and Works,

Care Bolckow, Vaughan & Co., Ltd., Middlesborough, England. ’96

*Eyans, Bavib T., Genl. Mgr Mt. Carbon Co., Ltd., Powellton, W. Va. ’99

*Ev-ans, George H., Civ., Min. and Mech. Engr Breckenridge, Colo. ’98

*Evans, Herbert A., Min. Engr., Care Dr. Evans, Greville Lodge,

Walm Lane, Willenden Green, London, N. W., England- ’94

*Evans, S. G., Min. Engr 640 St. Mark’s Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. ’00

*Eveleth, J. K., Min. Engr... Pinos Altos G. M. Co., Pinos Altos, New Mex. ’87 *Eye, Clyde M., Supt, War Eagle Mining & Dev. Co.,

Bossland, B. C., Canada. ’98

*Eyles, Arthur H., Cbem. and Mgr., Continental Mfg. Co.,

Addingbam, Bel Co., Pa. ’00 *Eynon, David L. L., Cons. Engr., 1121 Shackamaxon St.,

Philadelphia, Pa. ’02

Eynon, Thomas M., Genl. Mgr., The Eynon-Evans Mfg. Co.,

15th and Clearfield Sts , Philadelphia, Pa. ’99 *Eyre, William P., Supt B. V. Sm. & Kef. Co., Buena Vista, Colo. ’00

*Fagkenthal, B. F., Jr., Pres, and Genl. Mgr., Thomas Iron Co.,

Easton, Pa. ’80

*Packenthal, John S., Mgr. , Blast Furnaces...ButtzYille, Warren Co N. J. ’87 *Fackenthal, Michael, Mgr., Peter Cooper Glue Factory,

Maspeth Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. ’80

*Fairbaien, Alan J., Min. Engr Smuggler, Colo. ’02

*Fairbank, Wallace, Min. Engr. and Met Prescott, Ariz. ’96

**Faibchild, Sidney a., Min. Engr,, Cia, Minera Sta. Marie de la Paz y

Anexas, Calle de Br. Mier, No. 77, Monterey, Nueva Leon, Mexico. ’93 *Faiechild, S. E., Jr., Civ. and Min, Engr.,

25 N. Juniper St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’98

XXXViii MEMBERS AND ASSOCIATES.

*Fai-C 0 j Aghille, Min Engr. & Supt Mohawk M. Co., Prescott, Ariz. 99

Faeding, Frederic J., Cons. Chem. Engr...52 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’84

*Faeish, Johx B., Min. Engr 517 Cooper Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’8S

*Farnum, Paul, Coal and Coke Operator Media, Pa. ’92

*Faerar, Sidney H., Civ. and Min. Engr.,

54 Old Broad St., London, E. C., England. ’90

*Fabrel, Franklin, Pres Fdy. & Mach. Co., Ansonia, Conn. ’90

’Farrell, Austin, Mgr., Blast Furnace, Cleveland Cliffs Iron Co.,

Gladstone, Mich. ’SO

*Fassett, Charles M., Assayer and Metallurgi't,

702 Main Ave., Spokane, Wash. ’95 **Fawcett, James H., Mgr., Federal Metal Agency Co., Ltd.,

1 Leadenhall St., London, England. ’96 *Fay, Albert H., Min. Engr., P. O. Box 223, 99 John St., New York, N.AT. ’02 *Fearn, Percy L., Min. Engr., Care United Mines Co ,

36 Wall St., New York, N. Y. ’89 *Feldtmann, W. R., Mgr., Bewick Moreing Co.,

P. 0. Box 120, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. ’91

*Fell, E. Nelson, Min. Engr 31 Walbrook, London, E. C., England. ’00

*Felton, Edgar C., Pres , Pennsylvania Steel Co., 312 Girard Bldg.,

Philadelphia, Pa. ’81

*Fenner, Clarence N., Min. Engr Albion Place, Paterson, N. J. ’96

*Fergie, Charles, V. Pres, and Genl. Mgr., Intercolonial Coal M. Co., Ltd,,

Westville, Nova Scotia. ’93

*Fergeaeus, Torbern Nobel Works, Baku, Caucasus, Russia. ’02

*Ferguson, E, M 614 Ferguson Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. ’78

fFERGUSON, John L., Treas., Wm. H. Hoskins Co., 904 Chestnut St.,

Philadelphia, Pa. ’96

*Ferguson, Vincent, Mgr., U. S. Cast Iron Pipe and Foundry Co.,

Bessemer, Ala. ’91

*Ferguson, Walton 48 Cedar St., New York, N. Y. ’79

*Fernandez, Roberto, Min. Engr Guanajuato, Mexico. ’97

f f F ebnow, B. E., Dir. , N. Y. State College of Forestry,

Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. ’87 *Fereieb, Walter F., Cons. Min. Engr., and Geol., Mgr., Gooderham-

Blackstock Synd., Rossland, B. C., Canada. ’99

fFEBBis, J. C Carthage, Mo. ’83

*Perey, Charles, Met. and Chem., Bridgeport Brass Co. and Ostrander

Fire-Brick Co. (Troy), Bridgeport, Conn. ’93 Feeey, Charles H., Mgr. Coupler Dept., Latrobe Steel & Coupler Co.,

1720 Old Colony Bldg., Chicago, Jll. ’91

Feustman, L. P Am. Sm. & Ref. Co., 71 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’82

*PiELD, Frederick M., Cyanide Met Virginia City, Mont. ’00

Field, Wilerid B., Min. Engr., Care Explor. Co of N. Y.,

35 Wall St. , New York, N. Y. ’02 Fielding, Charles W., Min. Engr., Blake Hall, Ongar, Essex, England. ’99 Fielding, Prank E., Assayer and Chem., Cons. California & Virginia

M. Co,, Virginia City, Nev. ’90

*Fieeo, A. W., Rail Inspector 1137 Rookery, Chicago, 111. ’86

*PiGARr, Alberto, Min. Engr Apartado 405, Lima, Peru, So. America. ’91

*Filer, Walter G., Genl. Mgr 13 Atlas Block, Salt Lake City, Utah. ’99

*PiNCH, H. Wynne, Min. Engr., New University Club,

St. James St., S. W., London, England. ’98

Members Axb Associates.

*Finch, John W., Colo. State GeoL, Cons. GeoL of Woods

Investment Co., and other Mining Cos., Victor, Colo. ’00

*riiiLAy, James Ealph, Mine Supt Standard M. Co., Mace, Idaho. ’95

tPiMEY, Chakles E 71 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’97

FiRMSTOsrE, Fkank, Mgr., Blast Furnace Easton, Pa. ’71

*Fiemstone, Harry, Pres., Longdale I. Co., 608 Chestnut St.,

Philadelphia, Pa. V5

*Fishbiirh, Bahdolph E., Min. Engr Union League Cluh, Chicago, 111. ’00

*Fisher, Clark, Civ. and Min. Engr Eagle Anvil lYlcs., Trenton, N. J. ’71

*PisHBR, Thomas, Genl. Supt.,Berwind-YVhite Coal M. Co., 305 Betz Bldg.,

Philadelphia, Pa. ’89

*Fisheb, William B., Min. Engr., Genl.Mgr., Am. Zinc, Lead & Sm. Co.,

Carterville, Mo. ’92

*Fisk, James H., Mine Engr. and Analytical Chem., 204 J Washington St.,

Portland, Oregon. ’00

**Fitch, Max B., Supt., Graphic Sm. Wks., Magdalena, Socorro Co.,

New Mexico. ’98

tFiTZG-ERAi/D, J. Mobton, Secy., Crane Iron Wks., Empire Steel & Iron

Co., etc., Catasauqua, Pa. ’01

*Fitzsimmons, Fbancis j., Engr Banamichi, Sonora, Mexico. ’98

*Flack, Charles L., Chemist Care Atha Steel Co., Harrison, N. J. ’90

*Flagg, Stanley G., Jr , Stanley G. Flagg & Co., 424 N. 19th St,

Philadelphia, Pa. ’92

*Flaherty, Robert H., Min. Engr Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada. ’93

*Fleming, Edward P., Min. Engr Troy, Ariz. ’02

Fleming, John B., Supt, Silver Eling Mill Park City, Utah. ’97

*Fletcher, Charles R., Chemist 82 Equitable Bldg., Boston, Mass. ’85

*Fltjker, Wm. H , Min. Engr., Columbia M. Co Tatham, Ga. ’02

**Flynn, Francis N., Acting Mgr., Avino Mines of Mexico, Ltd.,

San Gabriel, Durango, Mexico- ’98

*Fogh, H. P Seattle, Wash. ’99

**Fohr, Franz, Min. Engr. & Met 132 Nassau St., New York, N. Y. ’75

*Foote, Arthur Db W., Supt North Star Mines Co., Grass Valley, Cal. ’00

*Foot, Charles H Lock Box 1123, Phoenix, Ariz. ’88

*Foote, Emerson L 5833 Bartmer Ave., St Louis, Mo. ’82

*Foote, Frederick H 1037 The Rookery, Chioago, 111. ’90

**Forbes, Donald G Great Western Mines, Ferguson, B. C., Canada. ’94

*Porbes-Leith, a. j., Pres. ..Joliet Steel Co., 71 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’79

*Foebes, Paul R., Metallurgist Walsh Hall & Co., Yokohama, Japan. ’95

*Ford, Edward L., Genl. Supt Youngstown Steel Co., Youngstown, Ohio. ’79

*Foedycb, John R., V. Pres, and Genl. Mgr., Thomas Fordyce Mfg. Co.,

2223 Louisiana St, Little Rock, Ark. ’92 **Foeeester, Robebt, GeoL and Min. Engr.,

P. O. Box 1254, Salt Lake City, Utah. ’02' *For8YTH, Alexander, Min. Engr. and Met.,

P. 0. Box 557, Cripple Creek, Colo. ’97

Foesyth, Robert, Cons. Engr 1143 Rookery, Chicago, 111. ’75

*Forsythe, Robert J 2614 W. 3d St, Chester, Pa. ’96

*Foster, Alfred L., Civ. Engr., 222 Victoria Arcade,

Auckland, New Zealand. ’00

Foster, Clement Le Neve, Prof, of Mining, Royal College of Science,

South Kensington, London, S. W., England. ’93

xl MEMBERS AXD ASSOCIATES.

*rosTEE, Ebnest Le Nete, Min. Engr., 419 Taber Opera House,

Denver, Colo. 75

Foster, Floyd J Villaldama, N. L., Mexico. 02

fFosTEE, OscAB K., Inspector Carnegie Steel Co., Homestead, Pa. ’99

*Fosteb, Philip L., Genl. Mgr El Oro M. & Ey. Co., El Oro, Mexico. ’93

*Fosteb, Rtipe-s J., V. Pres, and Mgr. of Periodical Dept., Intemat.

T. B. Co., Scranton, Pa. ’90

Foucab, Edouard L., Min. Engr Sterns, Roger & Co., Denver, Colo. ’85

*Fowleb, Edward J., Met 719 Cole Street, San Francisco, Cal. ’00

*Fowxeb, Samuel S., Mgr & Min. Engr., London &B. C. Goldfields, Ltd.,

Nelson, B. C., Canada. ’92

*Fbahcis, Geobge G., Min. Engr., 9 Queen St. Place, Upper Thames St.,

London, England. ’80

Fbahcis, Lewis W., Secy., Witherbee, Sherman & Co., Inc.,

71 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’89

*Franckly"N, Chables G 29 Broadway, New Yoi*k, N. Y. ’80

*Fbahe:e, Emil A , Min. Engr. and Supt., The New Departure Mining

and Milling Co., Cordes, Ariz. ’02

Fbasuh, H., Oil Refiner 681 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. ’93

Fraser, Joseph D., Mgr., Iron and Coke Depts., Nova Scotia Steel and Coal

Co., Ltd., New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. ’94 **Frazer, DB.PEKSiEOE,Geol.& Chem., 1042 Drexel Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ’71 Fbaziee, B. W., Prof. Mineralogy and Metallurgy, Lehigh University,

South Bethlehem, Pa. ’71

Feecheville, Robert J., Min. Engr., 7 Lothbury, London, E. C,, England. ’84 Fbecheyille, William, Min. Engr., 35 Queen Victoria St.,

London, E. C., England. ’84 Feeelahd, Frakcis T., Mgr., Durant M. Co., etc.,

P. 0- Box 1016, Aspen, Colo. ’85 *Feeel AND, William PI, Genl Mgr., D. S. Coal &Iroii Co., Isabella, Tenn. ’01 Fbeemah, Stanton S., Supt. of Furnaces, Carbon Iron & Steel Co.,

Parry ville, Pa. ’01

fPiiEEMAN, William Coleman, Chairman Robesonia Iron Co., Ltd.,

Robesonia, Berks Co., Pa. ’77

*French, Edmund L., Met. Engr., Crucible Steel Co. of America,

Syracuse, N. Y. ’00

*Fbio 3I, H. C., Coke Mfr Carnegie Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. ’79

Fricke, F. G., Analytical and Cons. Chemist Bissell Blk., Pittsburg, Pa. ’79

Fbiche, John H., Mining Hillsboro, New Mex, ’88

*Fritz, John Bethlehem, Pa. ’72

*Frobhlino, Henry, Analytical Chem., 17 S. Twelfth Street, Richmond, Va. ’90 *Fbossard, John D., Cons, and Min. Engr...Orthez, Basses-Pyrenees, France. ’85 Fuchs, Fernando C.. Min. Engr., Sociedad de Ingenieros,

Apartado 981, Lima, Peru, So. America. ’02 *Fuente, Jesus de la, Member of State Congress and Chief Engr, of the

Nadadores Valley Co., Nadadores, Coahuila, Mexico. ’02 Fuller, James W., Genl. Mgr., McKee, Fuller & Co. Car Wheel and

Axle Wks., Catasauqna, Pa. ’94

Fuller, James W., Jb Catasauqua, Pa. ’94

*Fulton, John, Min. Engr 136 Park PL, Johnstown, Pa. ’72

*Fulton, Walter M., Genl. Mgr., Taitapu Gold Estates, Collingwood,

Nelson, New Zealand. ’97

Members And Associates.

Furness, Dwight, Merchant and Miner, Apartado 2, Guanajuato, Mexico. 02 Furhess, James W., Assayer & Chem., Golden Cycle M. Co.,

Goldfield, Colo. 00

Fijsz, Paul A ,..422 Security Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. 79

*Gage, Eliphalet B., Pres., Congress Gold Co. and Tombstone Con. Alines

Co., Ltd., Tombstone, Ariz. *99

IGaines, Ambrose P Bessemer, Ala. *88

*Gallagher, James B. , Assayer and Chem., Colo. Sm. & AI. Co. ,

Butte, Alont. *00

*Garcia, Telesforo, Jr., Engineering, Sta. Teresa 2, Apartado 463,

Alexico City, Alexico. *02

Gardjs-er, G. Clinton, Flemington Coal and Coke Co ,

35 Wall St, New Tork, N. Y. *78

*Garlner, George C. , Min. Engr Address wanted. *83

Garfield, Charles D Box 327, Juneau, Alaska. *02

*Gablichs, Herman, Supt , Lead Dept., Perth Amboy Plant, Am. Sm. &

Ref. Co., Maurer, N. J. *89

Garretson, Oliver S., Smelter & Alfr 786 Ellicott Sq., BuSalo, N. Y. *98

*Garrett, William, Pres., Garrett-Cromwell Engineering Co.,

1101 New England Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. *81

*Garrigues, W. E., Chem. Engr 1123 Broadway, New York, N. Y. *98

*Garrison, F. Lynwood, Alin. Engr. ...1019 Clinton Street, Philadelphia, Pa. *83 Gaeside, George W., U. S. Surveyor and Min. Engr., Juneau City, Alaska. *93 *Garthwaite, E. H., Resident Alin. Engr., British South Africa Co.,

Bulawayo, Rhodesia, So. Africa. *82 *Gabvin, John AI., Furnace Algr. Brass Fdy. & Mach. Co., Rock Run, Ala. *92

*Gatzmer, William C., Civ. and Alech. Engr Tacony, Philadelphia, Pa. *88

“Gaujot, Claude L., Civ. and Min. Engr., Ohio & Big Sandy Coal Co.,

AYilliamson, W. Va. *00

*Gay, Ware B., Receiver, Richmond Coal AI. & Alfg. Co., Mayo Bridge,

Richmond, Va. *95

*Gayhart, AValter C., Alin. Engr. and Alet., Tonopah City M. Co.,

Austin, Nev. *00

*Gayley, James C are U. S. Steel Corp., 71 Broadway, New York, N. Y. *80 “Gaylord, Frank B., Blast Furnace Mgr., Deseronto Iron Co., Ltd.,

Deseronto, Ont, Canada. *00

**Gazzam, Joseph P., Genl. Mgr., Simmer Jack Prop. Alines, Ltd.,

P. 0. Box 192, Germiston, Transvaal, So. Africa. *84

**Gennes, a. a, de, Min. and Civil Engr 25 Rue Rafiet, Paris, France. *02

*Georgb, R. D., Prof, of Geology and Petrology, U. of I., Iowa City, Iowa. *02

"Geppert, Richard AI., Min. Engr. Silver Peak, Nev. *02

’**’Gerhausee, William, Pres. , Deseronto Iron Co., Ltd., & The Arizona Co. ,

614 Majestic Bldg., Detroit, Mich. ’88

*Germann, Franz La Paz, Bolivia, So. America. ’00

*Gibb, Allan, Miner and Metallurgist, The Queensland Copper Co., Ltd.,

Mount Perry, Queensland, Australia. 00

*Gibson, Charles H., Min. Engr P. 0. Box 1479, New York, N. Y. *82

*Gibson, Robert, Mine Mgr Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. *92

’Gibson, Thomas W., Dir Bureau of Mines, Toronto, Ont., Canada. *01

*Giffobd, Stanley, Treas. & Dir. , Montana Ore Purchasing Co. , U. S. C.

Co., & Nipper Cons. Copper Co., 31 Nassau St., New York, N. Y. *95

Members And Associates.

**G-ilbeet, G. K., Geologist U. S. Geol. Survey, ashington, D. C. 92

GILBERT, Henderson, Civ. Eagr.. 219 Market St, Harrisburg, Pa. ’02

*Gilchrist, John B., Mine Supt, Colorado Fuel& Iron Co., Boston Bldg.,

Denver, Colo. ’9B'

**Gilc!HR1ST, Percy C., Met., Frognal Bank, Finclily Hoad, NA\

London, England. ’91

*Gilbemeister, Db. F., Min. Engr. ...Sclieppelstr. 6, Heidelberg, Germany. 91 tGiLEESPiE, T. A., Genl. Supt., Pennsylvania Co., Penn and Homewood

Aves., Pittsburg, Pa. ’86

fOiLEET, Lorenzo M., Treas., Hormiguero Central Co.,

69 Wall St., 2Cew York, N. Y. ’93

Gieeie, John, Supt Butte <fe Boston Con. M. Co., Butte, Mont. ’87

Gilpin, Francis, Mine Mgr Colorado Springs, Colo. ’99-

Hinder, \yiLLiAM H. H., Chief Chem., Am. Sheet Steel Co.,

Vandergrift, Pa. ’00'

*Gipp8, Frederick deV., Min. Engr., Euriowie Tin Mines,

Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. ’94 *GiRAt7LT, Edmond, Cons. Min. Engr., 2a Presidente, 1426,

Mexico City, Mexico. ’98

Gmoijx, Eugene L., Min. Engr 721 Equitable Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’96

Giroux, Joseph L., Mine Mgr Jerome, Ariz. ’02'

Glassbrook, Ceabence L, Mine <fc Mill Supt ,

320 W. Hallam St., Aspen, Colo. ’02

Gleim, Fritz, Supt Rockhill Furnace, Bockhill, Pa. ’92

*Glenn, Leonidas C., Prof., Geology, Vanderbilt University,

Nashville, Tenn. ’00-

*Glenn, WTeliam, Mgr., Baltimore Chrome Works,

1848 Block St., Baltimore, Md. ’81 *Gmelin, Ernest, Genl. Mgr., Cia. Minera de Candelaria y Anexas,

Pinos, Zacatecas, Mexico. ’98- *Goddaed, Sydney F., Min. Engr., Manor House, Bulcote,

Nottinghamshire, England. ’98 Godfrey, Eli Sandford, Min. and Mech. Engr.,

203 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’93- Godfrey, JohnE., Govt. Insp. of Mines, Dept, of Mines,

Sydney, New South Wales. ’97

fGoDLEY, George McM., Care Warren Foundry and Machine Co ,

160 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’98'

*Godshale, Harvey H., Chem. and Min. Engr Lansdale, Pa. ’00

Godshale, L. D., Met Grand Encampment, Wyoming. ’94

*Gomez, Perfecto, Min. Engr., Somallera Lejarza Co.,

Santa Lucia, Sinaloa, Mexico. ’99-

*Good, George McC. H., Engr. of Mines Osceola Mills, Pa. ’87

*Goodale, Charles W., Min. Engr., Asst. Mgr., Boston <fe Montana Con.

Copper & Silver M. Co., Butte, Mont. ’76 Goodland, Gielmore, Min. Engr., 109 Victoria St,, Westminster,

London, S. W., England. ’99' *Goodloe, Meade, Asst. Supt, Congress Cons. M. Co., L-td., Congress, Ariz. ’96 **Goodrich, R.R., Min. Engr,, The Colonial, Wilkinsburg Sta., Pittsburg, Pa. ’88

Goodspeed, Wm. a., Supt of Mines Longacre, W. Va. ’02

Goodwin, Edward, Min. Engr Kenwood, Cal. ’91

*GdBANSS0N, Karl F., Met Sandviken, Sweden. ’01

Members Associates.

Gordon, Alexander... Hamilton, Ohio. '84

Gordon, Henry A., Civil and Min. Engr., Bank New Zealand .,

Auckland, New Zealand. ’87 Gordon, John, Miner and Merchant, Caixa 35, Correio,

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, So. Amer. ’00’ **Gordon, William B., Mining Machinery, P. 0. Box 2646,

Johannesburg, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’96-

*Gore, James B., Assayer and Met Hodson, Calaveras Co., Cal. ’01

*Gorham, Austin G., Pres., Gorham Coal Co., Sherman M. & MBlg.

Co., etc., 33 Barth Block, Denver, Colo. ’81 *Gormly, Samuel J., Asst. Supt., Sampling Wks., Anaconda Copper M. Co.,

Box 32, Anaconda, Mont. ’00-

*Goss, Edward 0., Asst. Treas Scovill Mfg. Co., Waterbury, Conn. ’94

*Gottsberger, B. Britton, Min. Engr., Care Tennessee Copper Co.,

Copperhill, Tenn. ’01

*Gould, Charles J., Assayer and Surveyor, The Parral Mines, Ltd.,

Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’99

*Gould, Charles Newton, Prof, of Geol., University of Oklahoma,

Norman, Okla. Ty. ’02

Ooupilliere, Prof. Haton de la, Inspector General of Mines,

56 Rue de Vaugirard, Paris, France.

*Gouyard, Gustave M., Met 1620 Clarkson St, Denver, Colo. ’96

*Gow, P. George, Min. Mgr Bohemian Club, San Francisco, Cal. ’GO'

**Grace, William F., Min. and Met. Engr., 54 York Road,

Hove, Sussex, England. ’95

*Graham, Ernest, Met Chem., Charters Towers,

North Queensland, Australia. ’GO* ♦Grajbcam, Walter, V. Pres, and Genl. Mgr., Graham Iron Co., Graham, Va. ’00

*Grammer, F. Louis 2422 Madison Ave., Baltimore, Md. ’92

ANGER, Arthur 0., Pres., Caribbean Co., and G. D. Co.,

Real Estate Trust Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ’91

*Granger, Henry G Quibdo, Choco, Colombia, S. America. ’95

*Gbanstrom, Gustaf a., Min. Engr. Karrgrufven, Sweden. ’98

*Grant, Geo. H., Geol. and Min. Engr., Care Capt Wm. Grant,

Point Ellice, Victoria, B. C., Canada. ’01

*Grant, James B 777 Pearl St, Denver, Colo. ’89

*Grant, Robert J., Asst. Mgr...Stratton’s Independence, Ltd., Victor, Colo. ’99* *Grant, Ulysses S. , Prof. , Geology, Northwestern University, Evanston, 111. ’ 01

*Gbassblli, C. a Grasselli Chemical Co., Cleveland, Ohio. ’92

*Grave, Ernest, Mill Mgr., San Luis Mining Co., Panuco de Coronado,

Durango, Mexico. ’98

*Grave, Percy, Mn. Engr 6a Victoria 62, Durango, Mexico. ’98-

Graves, Fayette P., Supt. Mines Doe Run Lead Co., Doe Run, Mo. ’92

*Graves, McDowell, Min. Engr., Compania Mexicana,

. Apartado 2032, Mexico City, Mexico. ’02

*Grayson, Laurence W., Cons. Min. Eng. & Met, Ludstone Chambers,

352 Collins St, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ’OO

*Geeen, Charles B., Chemist 79 N. 4th St., Easton, Pa. ’87

*Geeenamyer, Arthur G., Chemist Leetonia, Ohio. ’02

Greene, Francis V., Man. Dir,, New Trinidad Lake Asphalt Co.,

11 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’88 *Gbbene, Fred. T., Min. Engr Anaconda Copper M. Co., Butte, Mont ’99-

Membbus And Associates.

Gkeenway, Thomas J., Met., Chillagoe M. & Ey. Co., Chillagoe,

No. Queensland, Australia, and 14 Sumner St., Cambridge, Mass. ’95 Gregson, William Hildee, Mining and Metallurgy,

Broken Hill, New So. Wales, Australia. ’02 Geeslby, Wm. S., Cons. Coal Min. Engr., 115 Badbourne, Derby, England. ’91 Geey, George R., Civ. and Min. Engr., P. 0. Box 777, Johannesburg,

Transvaal, So. Africa. ’89

*Geiee, Thomas J., Supt Homestake M. Co., Lead, So. Dakota. ’92

Griffin, Feahk W., Pres., Western Eng. and Cons. Co.,

249 Safe Deposit Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. ’02

Gbiffin, H. M., Mine Owner 503 McPhee Bldg , Denver, Colo. ’82

Geiffiji, Martin L., Chemist The Duncan Co., Meehan icsville, N. Y. ’89

Griffin, Maurice Edward, Secy., West. Eng. and Cons. Co., San Francisco, Cal. ’02

Griffin, P. H., Pres N. Y. Car Wheel W'ks., Buffalo, N. Y. ’91

Griffith, Charles G., Min. Engr 63 Wall St., New York, N. Y. ’96

Griffiths, Andre P., Mn. Engr., Genl. Mgr., of the Palmarejo and

Mexican Goldfields, Ltd., Chinipas, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’96 'Griffiths, Harry D., Min. and Mech. Engr., Genl. Mgr., Clarks Cons.,

Ltd., P. 0, Box 201, Bulawayo, Rhodesia, So. Africa. ’98

ttGRiFFiTHS, Howard B., Civil Engr 2105 Boulevard, Wilmington, Del. ’77

Griffiths, John N 10 So. Hyde Park Mansions, London, W. , England. ’00

IGriggs, Thomas W., Secy, and Treas. Security Investment Co.,

Davenport, Iowa. ’99

*Grillo, Julius, Engr Neumiihl, Hamborn, Rheinland, Germany. ’96

Griswold, Leon S., Cons. Engr. and GeoL, 238 Boston St ,

Dorchester, Mass. ’00

Griswold, William T., Topographer, U. S. Geoi. Survey, Washington, D. C. ’00

*Grittinger, Henry C., Mgr Cornwall Furnace, Cornwall, Pa. ’79

*Gbitzner, F. a., Chem. and Assayer 436 E. 63d St., Chicago, 111, ’87

*Gross, John, Min. Engr Penobscot M. Co., Deadwood, So. Dakota. ’96

Gbothe a., Min. Engr Zimapan, Hidalgo, Mexico. ’86

'5Grubb, Charles B., Mfr. Pig-Iron Lancaster, Pa, ’87

Gue, T. B...Pres., Acadia Powder Co., P. 0 Box 520, Halifax, Nova Scotia. ’89

*Guess, Harry A., Min. Engr The Silver Lake Mine, Silverton, Colo. ’00

Guinn, John B., Min. Engr ,416 Joplin St., Joplin, Mo. ’97

fGuNN, Thomas, Contractor Brisbane St, Launceston, Tasmania. ’01

*Gwillim, JohnC Nelson, B. C., Canada, ’01

*Haas, Frank Fairmont Coal Co., Fairmont, W. Va. ’97

*Ha AS, Herbert, Chem. & Met., Apartado 116, Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico. ’02

*Haas, Jacob C., Min. Engr So. 6th Post St , Spokane, Wash. ’98

IHaasis, Albert L Jos. Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J, ’92

Haasis, Dunbar F., Supt., U. S. Govt. Harbor Improvement Plant,

XJ. S. Steamer “Gedney,” Perth Amboy, N. J. ’86

Hackett, Wm. H., Min, Engr Person C. & G. M. Co,, Durgy, N. 0. ’02

Haddock, John C — 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’91

*Hadpibld, R. a., Chairman and Man. Dir., Hadfield’s Steel

Foundry Co., Ltd., Hecla Wks., Sheffield, England. ’89 'Hagemann, Wilhelm, Ore Agt, Gia. Metallurgica de Torreon,

Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’00

*Haqgen, Edward A., Min. Engr Revelstoke, B. C., Canada. ’00

"Haggott, Ernest A., Min. Engr Prescott, Arizona. ’02

Members And Associates.

*Haggott, Warren A. Idaho Springs, Colo. ’01

Hague, Arnold, Geologist U. S. Geol. Survey, AYashington, D. C. ’74

’Hahn, 0. H, Min. and Met. Engr Care A. Hahn, Apolda, Germany. ’71

*Haldeman, Horace L., Treas , Pulaski Iron Co , 330 Walnut St.,

Philadelphia, Pa. ’80

*Hale, Irving, Elec. Engr, Mgr., Denver Office, Genl. Electric Co.,

Kittredge Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’92 *Hall, Benjamin M., Civ. and Min. Engr., 411 Temple Court, Atlanta, Ga. ’95

*Hall, Charles M., V. Pres Pittsburg Red. Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. ’90

Edgar, Min. Engr. and Met., Man. Dir., Silver Spur M. Co. (of

Stanhope, Queensland), Tenterfield, New South AYales. ’90 Hall, Edward J., Perth Amboy Terra Cotta Co., 15 Dey St.,

New York, N. Y. ’76

*Hall, Everett J., Assayer Columbia University, New York, N. Y. ’02

*Hall, Geo., Min. Engr., Mina El Carmen, El Oro, E. de Mexico, Mexico. ’01 *Hall, Harry R., Lake Superior Power Co., Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., Canada. ’91 *Hall, Newman G., Mine Mgr., Percy La Salle M. A P. Co., Aspen, Colo. ’02 *Hall, Samson AY., Min, Supt. and Mgr , Iron Mask G. M. Co.,

Rossland, B C., Canada. ’98 *Halloran, Joseph F., Editor Mining and Scientific Press,

330 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. ’00 *Halse, Edward, Care Seiiores J. M. y E. Montoya, Puerto Barrio,

Colombia, So. America. ’96

*Hambleton, James W., Supt. of Mines, 13 San Juan de Letran,

Mexico City, Mexico. ’02

Hamilton, Charles A., Cons, and Min. Engr., Room 1209 Claus

Spreckels Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. ’99 Hamilton, Frank C., Comp. Minera de Penoles, Mapimi,

Durango, Mexico. ’93

Hamilton, Richard, Mine Mgr., Great Boulder Mine,

Boulder, AAestern Australia. ’98 Hamilton, Thomas Moore, Min. Engr., 446 Lawrence St., Helena, Mont. ’02 Hammer, Alfred E., Chemist, Supt. of AYorks, Malleable Iron Fittings Co.,

Branford, Conn. ’92

Hammer, John G., Mgr Butte Sewer Pipe & Tile Co., Butte, Mont. ’87

*IIammon, Wendell P Boston A Oroville M. Co., Oroville, Cal. ’01

'Hammond, Isaac B., Mech. Engr., Pres., Hammond, Mfg. Co., Inc.,

100 First St., Portland, Ore. ’87

*Hammond, John Hays, Cons. Engr 35 Wall St, New York, N. Y. ’81

Hampton, William Huntley, Min. and Hyd. Engr., Chemist,

Columbia Mines Co., Inc., Placer, Josephine Co., Ore. ’90 *Hanchett, Lafayette, Mine Mgr., The Argo M., Drainage,

Transportation and Tunnel Co., etc., Idaho Springs, Colo. ’00 *Hancock, H. Lipson, Min. Engr., Mgr., Wallaroo A Moonta M. A

Sm. Co., Ltd., Wallaroo A Moonta Mines, So. Australia. ’99 Hancock, Strangman, Min. Engr., Jumpers Deep Cleveland,

Johannesburg, So. Africa. ’89 Hanks, Abbot A., Chem. and Assayer, 531 California St., San Francisco, CaL ’9Y

*Hanley, Herbert R., Min. Engr Winthrop, Shasta Co., Cal. ’01

*HANLBy, J. A., Jr Apartado 27, Aguascalientes, Mexico. ’01

*Hanna, George B., Asst. Assayer, U. S. Assay Office,

P. 0. Box 26, Charlotte, N. C. ’87

Membejeis And Associates.

xhi

Hannahs, GrEOuaE L., Mine Mgr Bingham P. 0., Utah. 99

*HAis"S02r, Rasmus, line Owner Eureka, Colo. ’9f>

*Haruen, Edwaed B., Civ. and Min. Engr., 3201 Baring St.,

Philadelphia, Pa. U3

Hardex, John H., Min. Engr P. 0. Bldg., Phcenixville, Pa. 71

*Habde.vbergh, William P, Y. Pres., New Jersey Zinc Co.,

11 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’94

Haedekbubgh, Louts M., Supt Cary Mine, Hurley, Wis. 98

Habdin, AVillett L., Min. Eng. and Chemist, P . 0. Box 235, Prescott, Ariz. ’00

Habdinge, Hal. W., Min. Engr P. 0. Box 1445, Denver, Colo. ’02

Habdison, Allen 0., Supt Crown King Mine, F’rescott, Ariz. 99

Hardman, John E., Cons. Min. Engr Windsor Hotel, Montreal, Canada, ’82

*Hardt, Anton, Chf. Engr Fall Brook Coal Co., Wellsboro, Pa. ’90

Hardwick, Francis YC, Min. Engr , Prof, of Mining, University College,

Sheffield, England. ’89

Hardy, James G., Min. Engr, Care Creston Colorado Co.,

Torres, Sonora, Mexico. ’94

*Hare, a. W., Chem. and Assayer P. 0. Box 381, Aspen, Colo. ’89

Harmon, Dana, Mine Supt Hayward Bldg. , San Brancisco, Cal. 00

*Harms, Ernst, Supt Cia. Metal de Torreon, Torreon, Coah., Mexico. ’97

Harnden, Feedebiok: E Puget Sound Red. Co., Everett, Wash. ’94

’Harper, Joseph H., Min. Engr Harper & Macdonald, Butte, Mont. ’87

Harrington, Dr. Bernard J., Dir., Macdonald Chemistry and Mining

Bldg., McGill University, Montreal, Canada. ’77

tHARBiNGTON, Edwin I, Dr lOO N. Broadway, Yonkers, N, Y, ’01

Harrington, Harry G., Asst., Engineering Dept., The New Jersey

Zinc Co , 11 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’01 *Harbis, Frederick S., Mine Owner, 603 N. Y. Life Bldg.,

Kansas City, Mo. ’97

Harris, George W., Associate lSiditoT...Mines and Minerals-, Scranton, Pa. ’92 Harris, Harold X, Supt., Alto Condor G. M., Abrapampa,

Prov. of Jujuy, Argentine Rep. , So. America. ’97

Harris, Willard F., Min. Eng Camp Bird Mills, Ouray, Colo. ’02

Harris, William J., Min. Engr 118 Elm St, Montclair, N. J . ’71

*Harrison, Alfred William, Min. Engr...P. 0. Box 129, Silverton, Colo. ’01 Harrison, C. Leland, V. Pres, and Treas., Harrison Bros. & Co., Inc.,

35th St. and Gray’s Ferry Boad, Philadelphia, Pa. ’96 *Harbison, L. B., Dwight, Furness Co., P. 0. Box 27, Aguascalientes, Mex. ’00

*Hart, Edward, Prof, of Chemistry Lafayette College, Easton, Pa. ’81

*Hart, Biohabd G., Genl. Mgr. 606 Hearst Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. ’00

Hartman, John M , Mech. Engr 1235 N. Front St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’75

**Hartman, T. F., Ivanhoe SI Extended Co., Boulder, Western Australia. ’02 Hartbanft, S. S., Supt., Neville Wks,, Am. Steel Wire Co.,

Neville Island, Allegheny Co., Pa. 77

*Habtrick, John Standish, Care H. T. Tisdall, Washington St.,

Toorak, Melbourne, Victoria, So. Australia. ’91

Habtshorne, Joseph, Cons. Met. and Mech. Engr Pottstown, Pa. ’73

*1Iartung, Frank H., Chem. and Assayer,

338 W. Portsea St, New Haven, Conn. ’99

*Hartzell, Dr. H. K., Mine Mgr 8th and Walnut Sts., Allentown, Pa. ’92

Harvey, Frederick H., Min. Engr. Galt, Sacramento Co., Cal. ’95

*Harvey, Wm. S 119 So. 4th St, Philadelphia, Pa. ’02

Members And Associates.

*Haskeli., Habry G., Secy Eepamio Cheni. Co., Wilmington, Del. '94

Haskell, J. Amory, Pres., Laflin & Band Powder Co.,

99 Cedar St., New York, N. Y. '88 Haskins, Willia:m S., Supt., Iron Mountain Mine, Mountain

Copper Co., Keswick, Cal. '00

**Hastings, John B., Min. Engr 20 Broad St, New York, N. Y. '86

*Hatch, Frederick H , Min. Engr., Hatherley Bldg. ,

P. O. Box 1030, Johannesburg, So. Africa. '98

*Haultain, Herbert E. T., Min. Engr Nelson, B. C, Canada. '98

*Haverstick, John Edward, Treas., Bockhill Iron and Coal Co.,

320 Walnut , Philadelphia, Pa. '02 *Hawh>on, William. ..Newport Iron W'ks., Middlesboro-on-Tees, England. '99 *''Hawker, Edward AV., Lecturer on Mining, South Australian School

of Mines, 8 Alma Chambers, Adelaide, South Australia. '92 Hawkins, Edwin N., Met, and Min. Engr., 208 Opera House Bldg.,

Denver, Colo. '90

Hawkins, J. D., Genl. Supt , Colo. -Phila. Bed. Co., and Standard

Milling & Sm. Co., Colorado Springs, Colo. '93 *Hay, Alex. M., Pres , Dominion G. M. & Bed. Co., Ltd.,

Bat Portage, Ontario, Canada. '01 **Hay, Henry, Mine Mgr., Witwatersrand Deep, Ltd , etc., Bor 5,

Knights, Transvaal, So. Africa. '01

*Hayes, C. Willard, Geologist U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C. '92

*Hayes, Geo. W., Civ. Engr. and Chem , West end Willow St., Lebanon, Pa. '94 Hayward, J. L., Boston Colombia Gold Dredging Co.,

Quibdo, Colombia, So America. '02

Hazard, Frederick B., Pres Solvay Process Co., Syracuse, N. Y. '99

*Hazleton, Simeon C., Asst Supt, Germania Plant Sm. & Bef. Co-,

Murray, Utah. '91

*HEADDEf, William P., Prof, of Chemistry and Geology, Colo. State

Agricultural College, Fort Collins, Colo. '89 *Heal, John H., Min. Engr., 8 Newton Grove, Bedford Park,

London, W., England. '01

*Healey, Arthur E., Supt Inter-Ocean G. M. Go., Sunshine, Colo. '02

*Healy, John B., Assayer 282 Congress St, Boston, Mass. ’ 99

*Hearnb, D. Garth, Civil Engr., Pres., Eagle Fluor-Spar Co.,

Wheeling, W. Va. '95

*Hearnb, Frank J., Pres., National Tube Co., 1712 Frick Bldg.,

Pittsburg, Pa. '74

*Hbarne, Julian G., V. Pres., Black Diamond Copper Min. Co.,

Black Diamond, Ariz. '00

*Hbath, George L., Chem. and Met., Calumet & Hecla Sm. Wks.,

South Lake Linden, Mich. '91 *Heathcote, Charles F., Genl. Mgr., Tasmania Gold M.

&Q. C. Co., Beg., Beaconsfield, Tasmania. '97 *Hebbabd, Jas., Asst. Mgr., Sulphide Corpn., Central Mine,

Broken Hill, New South Wales. '01

fHBERT, Fernand, Min. Engr 21 Bue de Berne, Paris, France. '95

*Heckelmann, Otto, Ore-Testing and Sampling Wks., Heckelmann,

McCann Co., Independencia 36, Mexico City, Mexico. '02 Heoksoher, August, Genl. Mgr., New Jersey Zinc Co.,

11 Broadway, New York, N. Y. '79

Members And Associates.

*Heckschek, Richabb P., Iron Mfr...4th and Walnut Sts , Philadelphia, Pa. ’9B *B[EaELEE, Edward C., Pres., Matthiessen Hegeler Zinc Co.. La Salle, III. ’81 Hegeler, Julies W., Chief Engr., Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co.,

La Salle, 111. ’92

Heidenreich, E. Lee, Engr. and Contractor 541 Rookery, Chicago, 111. ’88

*Heir:es, Victor C., Assayer and Chem., 116 Administration Bldg.,

World's Fair, St. Louis, Mo. ’96

IHeinze, F. August, Mine Mgr. and Owner Bntte, Mont. ’89

Hellberg, Gustae a., Min. Engr..Commonwealth Iron Co., Norway, Mich. ’94 Heller, Martin" J., Min. Expert. ..210 Crocker Bldg., San Francisco, Cal ’96 Hellman, Frederick, Min. Engr., Genl. Mgr , East Rand Prop.

Mines, Ltd , P. 0. Box 204, Bokshurg, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’97 *Helm, J. D., Supt., Minas Tecolotes j Anexas,

Santa Barbara, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’02 *Helms, Albert, Cons, and Anal. Chem., 8 Bridge St.,

Sydney, New South Wales. ’89 Henderson, James A. L., Min. Engr., Sein Court, Comhill,

London, E. C., England. ’98

*Henderson, John C., M. E .758 West End Ave., New York, N. Y. ’91

**Henderson, j. McClelland, Min. Engr. and Geol Lander, Wyo. ’96

*Heneage, Everard Marlborough Club, Pall Mall, S. W., London, Eng. ’02

Henley, James H., Mine Supt Elkton Cons. M. &M. Co., Elkton, Colo. ’90

Henne, Christopher, Min. and Mech. Engr., 210 Henne Bldg.,

Los Angeles, Cal. ’00

*Hennin, Alphonse, Dir., Gn4ral de I’Elba Societe,

Porto Ferrajo, Isle d’ Elba, Italy. ’88

*Henning, Gus C., Cons. Mech. Engr 220 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’86

*Henrich, Carl, Cons. Min. Engr. ,

Room 1014, 25 Broad St., New York, N. Y. ’82 Hernandez, Marcos F., Min. Engr., Banco Mercantil,

Monterey, N, L., Mexico. ’02

Hebndon, Edward L 38 H Pine St., St Louis, Mo. ’82

*Herr, Hiero B., Civ. and Min. Engr 1246 Marquette Bldg, Chicago, 111. ’76

Herreshopf, j. B. F., Chem Laurel Hill, Long Island, N. Y. ’86

Hebron, David A. , Min. Engr Whiterock, Nevada. ’97

*Heesam, Ernest A,, Asst. Prof, of Metallurgy Univ. of Cal., Berkeley, Cal. ’99 Herzig, Charles S., Min. Engr. (Nahe) Windhoek, German

So. West Africa. ’95

*Hesse, Conrad E., U. S. Weather Bureau, 807 Massachusetts Ave., N.E.,

Washington, D. C. ’90

*Hewett, G. C., Min. Engr 9 De Graff Bldg., Colorado Springs, Colo. ’83

*Hewitt, Abram S., Iron Mfr 17 Burling Slip, New York, N. Y. ’71

*Hewitt, Edward R., Chem 13 Burling Slip, New York, N. Y. ’94

Hewitt, George H., Met. and Assayer 707 State St., Springfield, Mass. ’80

Heywood, William A., Smelter Supt., Tenn. Copper Co., Copperhill, Tenn. ’96 Hibbard, Henry D., 2d V. Pres., Hibbard-Rodman-Ely Safe Co.,

253 Broadway, New York, N, Y. ’79

Higgins, John Michael 47 Queen St., Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ’91

fHiLDRETH, Walter E., Min. & Civ. Engr... 115 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’75 *Hill, Frank A., Genl, Mgr.. .Red Jacket Coal & Coke Co., Roanoke, Va. ’83

'Hill, Robert Thos., Geol U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C. ’92

*Hill, Rowland F., Jr., Min. Engr 116 Nassau St., New York,N. Y. ’97

Members And Associates.

Walter H., Civ. and Min. Engr., Genl. Mgr., Idaho Little Grant

M. Co., Ltd., Orangeville, Idaho. M)0

Hillard, Charles J., Pres 734 Common St., New Orleans, La. ’88

“Hiller, Ervtard, Miner and Phos. Broker Ocala, Fla. ’95

-Hilles, Joseph T., Coal Alining, Hatfield & Hilles,

1319 Beal Estate Trust Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ’92 Hillman, Meredith P. G., Furnace Algr., Sloss Sheffield Steel &

Iron Co., Birmingham, Ala. ’97

*Hills, Victor G., Alin. Engr Cripple Creek, Colo. ’96

Hinchman, Charles S., Agt., Pennsylvania Steel Co-,

902 Provident Bldg., 50 S. 4th St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’79 *Hinman, B. C , Chem. and Alet. Engr., Algr., Gold Extraction and

Bromine Becovery Co., Ltd., 9 Worship St., London, E. C., England. ’96 **Hoar, Frederic W , ., Old Dominion Copper AI. & Sm. Co.,

Globe Ariz. ’02

*Hoatson, John, Min. Engr Bisbee, Ariz. ’91

*Hobson, Francis J., Asst. Mgr., La Castellano Cons. AI., Ltd.,

Apartado 121, Alexico City, Mexico. ’02 Hobson, John B., Min. Engr. and Met, Genl. Mgr., Cons. Cariboo

Hydraulic M. Co., Bullion, B. C., Canada. ’92 Hobson, Bobert, Secy, and Asst. Genl. Mgr., Hamilton Steel &

Iron Co., Hamilton, Ont., Canada. ’99 fHoBSON, Thomas, Phila. Mgr. ...Iron Age, 119 S. 4th St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’92 fHocHSCHiLD, Mauricio, Asst. Mgr., Cia. de Minerales y Metales,

Apartado 733, Mexico City, Mexico. ’01 **Hodge, Arthur Cairn, Min. Engr., Care James Floyd, St. Austell,

Cornwall, England. ’89'

*Hodge, Benjamin 579 Summit Ave., St. Paul, Minn. ’98

*Hodge, James M., Engr. and Geol Big Stone Gap, Ya. ’8S

*Hodges, a. B. W., Genl. Supt., Sm. Dept., Granby Cons. Min and Sm.

and Power Co., Ltd., Grand Forks, B. C , Canada. ’89

*Hodges, a. D., Jr The AVarren, Boxbury, Mass. ’84

*Hodson, Laurence Carl, Min. Engr Ames, Iowa. ’02

Hoefer, Prof, Hans Lcoben, Austria.

Hoffman, John W., Pres, and Engr., Hoffman Engineering and

Contracting Co., Harrison Bldg, Philadelphia, Pa. ’76 *Hoffstot, F. N., Treas , Clinton Iron & Steel Co.,

P. O. Box 177, Pittsburg, Pa. ’82

*Hofius, W. D 72 Dexter Horton Building, Seattle, Wash. ’90

*Hofman, Dr. H. 0., Prof, of Metallurgy, Mass. Institute of Tech.,

Boston, Mass. ’82

Hofmann, Ottokar, Met. Engr., Chem. Director, United Zinc and

Chemical Co. , Argentine, Kansas. ’84

*Hogarty, Barry, Alin. Engr P. 0. Box 691, Pueblo, Colo. ’02

*Holberton, Walter T., Min. Engr., Mgr., Copiap6 Mining Co., Ltd.,

CopiapO, Chili, So. America. ’00 *Holbrook, Charles T., Coal and Coke Operator,

Dekalb Junction, N. Y. ’98

fHoLBROOK, Levi O. Box 536, New York, N. Y. ’78

*Holdbn, Edwin C., Min. Engr., London and British Columbia Gold Fields,

Ltd., P. O. Box 505, Nelson, B. C., Canada. ’97 Care A. F. Holden, Salt Lake City, Utah. ’8t D

*Holden, L. E.

Members Akd Associates.

Holdswobth, Prank A., Engr. and Mgr., Boyal Oak of Hauraki G-. M.

Co., Ltd-, Tokaka, Coromandel, Auckland, New Zealand. ’99 *Holgate, Thomas E., Mgr. (Blast Furnaces, Darwen Works), Darwen &

Mostljn Iron Co , Ltd., Darwen, England. ’92

Holland, L. F. S., Min. Engr Bat Portage, Ont., Canada. ’01

Hollings, Jas- Spencer, Supt., Blast Furnace,

Brymbo, No. Wales, Gt. Britain. ’02

Hollis, H. L., Min. Engr. and Met 440 The Rookery, Chicago, 111. ’85

*Hollis, E. W., Min. Engr Silverton, Colo- ’94

Hollister, Jno. James, Min. Engr., Providence Mine,

Carters, Tuolumne Co., Cal. ’02

Holloway, Harry, Mine Owner 512 4th Ave., S., Great Falls, Mont. ’99

*Holman, F. C. , Eeporting and Developing Mine Property,

Cali, Apartado 1, Colombia, So. America. ’81 *Holmes, Joseph A., N. C. State Geol., Chief Dept. M. & Met., La. P. Ex.,

Exposition Headquarters, Mines Dept., St. Louis, Mo. ’95

*Holt, Marmadrkie B., Min. Engr Silverton, Colo. ’89

*Holt, Taylor, Chemist and Assayer Sombrerete, Zacatecas, Mexico ’02

Homes,. Douglas B Wescott Dorking, Surrey, England. '02

*Honfold, William: L., Consulting Engr., Cons. Mines Selection Co., Ltd.,

P. 0. Box 2269, Johannesburg, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’93 *Hood, Ozni P., Prof, of Mech. and Elect Engineering, Mich. College of

Mines, Houghton, Mich. ’01

Hooker, Brian, Min. Engr S2 Grey St., St. Kilda, Victoria, Australia. ’96

Hooper, Edward, Min. Engr., Salisbury House, London Wall,

London, E. C., England. ’88

*Hooper, G. H 310 Stimson Block, Los Angeles, Cal. ’95

Hooper, William, Supt , Amer. Graphite Co Ticonderoga, N. Y. ’78

Hoover, Herrebt C., Care Bewick, Moreing & Co., 20 Copthal Street,

London, England. ’96

IHoover, Theodore J 320 Sansome St., San Francicco, Cal. ’00

Hope, Theodore M., Mill Supt, Monongahela Furnace Dept, of

National Tube Co., McKeesport, Pa. ’88

*Hopkins, Edward, Min. Engr ‘The Paragon,” Asheville, N. C. ’99

Hopkins, Gerald Voss, Met Chemist, Silica near Bossland, B C , Canada. ’02

*Hopkins, James Francis, Min. Engr 305 Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’02

*Hopper, John G., County Surveyor Sonora, Tuolumne Co., Cal. ’99

Hopping, Herbert 44 St Thomas Road, Finsbury Park, London, Eng. ’93

MTorneb, Geo. W., Min. Engr Mullan, Idaho. ’02

*Hoest, Clarence W. H., Min. Engr., S. Neumann & Co., London,

England, and P. O. Box 485, Johannesburg, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’00

Horwood, E. J Broken Hill Prop. Co., Broken Hill, New South Wales. ’93

Hosking, George F. C., Min. Engr. and Assayer,

Helensville, near Auckland, New Zealand. ’96

Hoskins, William, Chem 81 So. Clark Street, Chicago, 111. ’87

Hoskold, H. D., 1222 Calle Charcas, Buenos Ayres,

Argentine Bep., So. America. ’94 Houston, Edwin J,, Expert in Patent Causes,

' 1203-4 Crozer Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ’02

Howald, Ferdinand, Operator and Mine Mgr.,

Bush Bun, Fayette Co., W. Va. ’84

Howard, Charles W., Jr., Supt. andGenl. Mgr., Spence Mineral Co.,

Spenceville, Nevada Co., Cal. ’98

Members And Associates.

Howard, James Hammet, Mine Supt. and Engr., The Bautista Mining

Co., Ameca, Jalisco, Mexico. 02

fHowARD, William C., Mgr., Denver District, Repauno Chemical Co.,

836 Equitable Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’97

*Hov7Ard, William H .Pueblo Sm. and Bel Co., Pueblo, Colo. ’95

*Howe, Albiox S., Min. Engr Boom. 8, Mills Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. ’00

fHowE, Epenetus, Min. Engr P. 0. Box 109, Monterey, Mexico. ’86

*Hove, Frank P., Pres., Musconetcong Iron “Wks., etc.,

Drexel Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ’79 *Howe, Henry M., Prof, of Metallurgy... Columbia Univ., New York, N. Y. ’71 Howell, John, Mutual Life Bldg., Martin Place, Sydney, New South Wales. ’93 Hubbard, Lucius L., Genl. Mgr., Champion Cop. Co.,

Painesdale, Houghton Co., jVIich. ’00

Huber, H Mannedorf, Zurich, Switzerland. ’82

*Hudson, Albert W., Metallurgist, 208 Opera House Block, Denver, Colo. ’99 Hughes, a. D., Mgr., New Eiissia Co., 4 Moorgate St.,

London, E. C., England. ’92 fHuGHES, Charles F., Jr., Lawyer... Boom 4, Hughes Blk., Denver, Colo. ’95 *Hughes, Herbert W., Min. Engr., 188 Wolverhampton St,

Dudley, England. ’87

Hughes, Hugh, Genl. Mgr., The Transvaal G. Mg. Estates, Ltd. ,

Pilgrims’ Best, Lydenburg, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’98 "Hulick, Charles Edwin, Supt., Thomas Iron Co. , Island Park, Easton, Pa. ’ 02 fHuLiCK, William H., Vice Pres., Warren Foundry & Machine Co.,

1 60 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’82

*Hulst, Nelson P., Gen. Min. Engr., Oliver Iron M. Co. and Minnesota

Iron Co., Duluth, Minn. ’76

Humbert, George J., Pres., Steel Iron Aluminum Coating Co.,

Connellsville, Pa. ’88

fHuMEL, Frank J., Delivery Inspector, Amer. Steel & Wire Co.,

950 Clarke Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. ’96

Humphrey, Charles Kotahoenan, North Calebes, Netherlands, India. ’85

Humphrey, George S., Controller and Purchasing Agent, C. W. Hunt Co.,

45 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’84 **Humphreys, Alexander C., Cons. Engr., Humphreys & Glasgow,

Pres., Buffalo Gas Co., 31 Nassau St., New York, N. Y. ’85

*Hungerpord, William S., Mgr W. Ames & Co., Jersey City, N. J. ’82

Hunicke, H. August 3532 Victor St, St Louis, Mo. ’83

*Hunsiker, Millard, London Agent, Carnegie Steel Co.,

71 King William St., London, E. C., England. ’89

*Hunt, Bertram 717 Taylor St., San Francisco, Cal. ’96

**Hunt, Charles W., Pres., C. W. Hunt Co .45 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’91 Hunt, Fred. F., Min. Engr., Chera. & Assayer, 77 Pine St, New York, N. Y. ’80

*Hunt, Joshua, Min. Engr. Calle de Hidalgo, 11, Monterey, Mexico. ’02

*Hunt, Egbert W., Cons. Engr 1121 The Kookery, Chicago, 111. ’74

Huntley, Dwight B-, Min. Engr., P. O. Box 41 3, Bulawayo,

Khodesia, So. Africa. ’92

*Huntoon, Louis D., Min. Engr., Care John T. Williams,

27 William St, New York, N. Y. ’97

*Hurlburt, George E., Min. Engr., Mgr Bachelor Mine, Ouray, Colo. ’94

fHuRLEY, Thomas J. , Pres. , Mines Securities Corporation,

Mills Bldg., 35 Wall St, New York, N. Y. ’99

Hi

Members And Associates.

HrTCHiNS; K. Grosve'nor, Jr., Yice-Pres., Jeffrey Mfg. Co.,

Columbus, Ohio. ’00

Hutchixson, E. S., Civ. and Min. Engr Newtown, Pa. ’80

Hutchinsoi, Eakdolph B., Min. Engr. and Met., Genl. Mgr.,

Compania Beneficiadora del Concheno, Concheno, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’91 *Htjtchi]S’'soh, W. Spencer, Min. Engr., Mgr., Boston Get There Zinc Co.,

etc., Carthage, Mo. ’95

Hxjtton, Frederick R., Prof, of Mecli. Engr., Columbia Univ , Secy., A. S.

Mech. E., Columbia Eniv., New York, N. Y. ’75

Hybinette, Victor, Supt Oxford Cop. Co., Bayonne, N. J. ’01

*Hyi>e, Georg-e P., Asst. Supt.. Kansas City Sm. & Ref. Co., El Paso, Texas. ’93

Ihlseng, Axee 0., Min Engr Carthage, Mo. ’82

"Ingalls, IV alter R., Min. Engr. and Met 229 Ocean St., Lynn, Mass. ’91

f I ngham, William A., Pres., Union Improvement & Highland Coal Co.,

etc., 320 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. ’72 **Ingbak, Arthur E...P. O.Box 1327, Johannesburg, Transvaal, S. Africa. ’94

*InneSj Murray, Chemist Occidental Hotel, San Francisco, Cal. ’95

Ipina, Roberto, Merchant Apartado 30, San Luis Potosf, Mexico. ’9S

*Ibjsh, Dana G., Chemist and Asst. Met-, Care Cia.

Minera de Pefioles, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico. ’OO

*Ibons, Robert H 102 W. State St., Harrisburg, Pa. ’00

Irvine, Fearnsede, Min. and Mech. Engr.,

55-6 BishopsgateSt., Within, London, E. C., England. ’94 *Ibying, John D., Geol...U. S. Geol. Survey, 1330 FSt., Washington, D. 0. ’01

Ibwtn, Frederic, Mine Supt., War Eagle Branch of War Eagle

Cons. M. Co., Murphy, Owyhee Co., Idaho. ’96 Isaacson, William J., Man. Dir., Dayton Coal <fe Iron Co., Ltd.,

213 Johnston Bldg., Cincinnati, Ohio. ’96 IsscHOT, Pierre E. C. Van See Van Isscliot, Pierre, E. C.

*Jabs, Asmus, Dir Lubimoff Solvay & Co., Moscow, Russia. ’88

*Jackling, Daniel C., Mgr U. S. Smelting Co., Cahon City, Colo. ’00

*Jackson, John F., Contracting Engr., Wisconsin Bridge & Iron Co.,

Milwaukee, Wis. ’00

*Jackson, j. Howard, Gen. Mgr., Spur Co.. Lawrence, Otago, New Zealand. ’93

Jackson, T. Moore, Pres, and Chief Engr., West Virginia Short Line

E.R. Co., Clarksburg, W. Va. ’94

Jacobs, Elbridge C., Asst. Prof, of Chem. and Mineralogy, Univ. of

Vermont, Burlington, Vt. ’00

Jacobs, George B., Supt Larkin Mine, Diamond Springs, Cal. ’96

’Jacobus, David S., Prof, of Experimental Mech. and Engineering Physics,

Stevens Inst, of Technology, Hoboken, N. J. ’88 *James, Alfred, Cons. Min. and Met. Engr., 56 New Broad St.,

London, E. C., England. ’94 *James, Arthur Curtis, Metal Merchant.. .99 John St., New York, N. Y. ’02

James, Charles E., Pres., Durham Coal and Coke Co. .Chattanooga, Tenn. ’97 *James, j. H. Cordnbr, Cons. Min. and Met. Engr., Finsbury House,

Bloomfield St, London, E. C., England. ’ 99 *James, Dr. Walter M., Physician and Assayer, 1231 Locust St,

Philadelphia, Pa. ’84

*James, Webster T., V. Pres, and Genl. Mgr., Durham C. C. Co.,

Chattanooga, Tenn. ’01

Members And Associates.

*Jameson, Arthur H., Met Box 476, Providence, E. 1. '02

Jameson, Charles B., Cons. Engr., Railways & Mines ...Tientsin, China. '99

Jamme, George 506 Vine St., Chattanooga, Tenn. '79

Janes, Byron E 2434 Channing Way, Berkeley, Cal. '99

*Janes, Frank W., Chemist and Assayer,

19 Peel St., Collingwood, Melbourne, Australia. '02

*Janeway, John H., Jr., Engr John A. Eoebling’s Sons, Trenton, N. J. '86

*Janin, Henry, Min. Engr., Care of Explor. Co , Ltd., 11 Cornhill,

London, E. C., England. '72

*Janin, Louis Pacific Union Club, San Francisco, Cal. '72

*Janney, Th 03. G., Cons. Engr Centerville, Idaho. '02

Jaques, William H., Engr. and Naval Architect,

186 Devonshire St , Boston, Mass. '90

Jarman, Arthur, Demonstrator in Metallurgy, etc., The University,

Sydney, New So. Wales. '02 Jarrett, John Vandergrift Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. '96

Jab VIS, Royal B., Chemist, Andes M. Co.,

Apar. 93, Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico. '00

**Jeffrey, Robert H., Min. Engr Oaxaca, Mexico. '96

tJENKiNS, Charles V., Accountant, War Eagle Cons. M. & Dev. Co., Ltd.,

etc., Rossland, B. C., Canada. '01 **Jenkins, Francis, Mgr. Virtue Con. Mines, Silver City, Idaho. '00

Jenkins, Thomas Box 15, Webster, Jackson Co., N. C. '01

Jenks, Arthur W., Supt., Sm. Dept, of Cia. Minera de Penoles,

Mapimi, Durango, Mexico. '87 Jenhs, Thomas H., Mine Supt., Golden Cochtli Tunnel Co.,

Albuquerque, New Mexico. '02

*Jenks, William, V. Pres, and Cons. Engr., Mogollon Gold and

Copper Co., Albuquerque, New Mexico. '87

Jenney, Walter P Knutsford Hotel, Salt Lake City, Utah. '74

Jennings, E. P., Min. Engr 119 Park Place, Oak Park, 111. '76

Jennings, Hennen, IVIin. Engr., Care Wernher, Beit & Co.,

120 Bishopsgate St , Within, London, E. C., England. '84

*Jennings, Robert E Spaulding, Jennings & Co., Jersey City, N. J. '91

**Jennings, Sidney J., Cons. Engr , H. Eckstein & Co.,

P. 0 Box 149, Johannesburg, Transvaal, So, Africa. '94 *Jeppson, George N., Asst. Supt., Norton Emery Wheel Co..Worcester, Mass. ' 01 *Jessop, Herbert J., Met. Chemist New Barnet, Herts, England. '98

Jessup, Alfred E., Chemist Care U. S. Consul, Tientsin, China. '98

*Jesup, Richard M., Mine Owner 124 E. 36th St., New York, N. Y. ’01

Jewett, Eliot C FundicionNo. 2, Monterey, Mexico. '81

*Jirdimston, Wm. C., D. M. Osborne & Co., 3 Woodrufl: Place, Auburn, N. Y. '01 JoBSON, John, Supt., Broken Hill Proprietary Co ..Port Pirie, S. Australia. '96

Johns, J. Henry, Min. Engr., Genl. Mgr., Ferreira G. M. Co., Ltd.,

P. 0. Box 1021, Johannesburg, Transvaal, S. Africa. '94

Johnson, Alex. T., Min. Engr. TepezaH, Aguascalientes, Mexico. '91

Johnson, Charles H., Min. Engr New Castle, Pa. '93

Johnson, Edward M., Chem. and Met., Am. Sm. & Ref. Co., Denver, Colo. '97

Johnson, Edward W Am. Sm. & Ref. Co., Murray, Utah. '93

Johnson, Elias M Cherokee, Lanyon Spelter Co., lola, Kan. '02

Johnson, Guy R., Supt., Blast Furnaces Illinois Steel Co., Joliet, 111. '89

Johnson, Howard S., Elect. Min. Engr., Mgr., Charleston Office,

Jeffrey Mfg. Co., Charleston, W. Va. '00

Membees And Associates.

Johnson, Joseph E., Supl., Blast Furnaces Longdale Iron Co , Longdale,Va. ’80 Johnson, Joseph E., Jr., Asst Mgr. and Engr., Longdale Iron Co.,

Longdale, Va. ’95

Joh:jsSon, Owen, Min. Engr Smuggler Union M. Co., Smuggler, Colo. ’02

Johnson, Ealph I., Min. Engr 3233 2d Ave., S. Minneapolis, Minn. ’02

Johnston, Algernon K., Manfr Prince’s Bay, N. Y. ’99

JoHNSTON, Archibald, Supt Beth. Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa. ’02

*JoHNSTON, Fred., Chem Apartado 93, Torreon, Mexico. ’00

Johnston, J. Howard, Ciyil and Min. Engr., Care Bacchus & Johnston,

Lima, Peru, S. America. ’87

Johnston, Egbert B., Mine Mgr 30 Victoria Ave , Surbiton, England. ’98

f Johnston, W. J., Pres., Engineering and lining Journal,

261 Broadway, New York, N. Y". ’01

*JoLLY, Alexander W-, Cyanide Mgr. and Engr., Champion Eeef G. M.

Co , Ltd., Champion Eeef, Mysore State, So. India. ’99 "JoNES, B. F Jones & Laughlin’s Works, Pittsburg, Pa. ’78

Jones, Charles C., Min. Engr Mountain Copper Co., Keswick, Cal. ’00

*JoNES, Clemens C., Cons. Engr 908 "West Franklin St., Eichmond, Va. ’86

*JoNES, Edward B., Min. Engr. and Geologist ...Box 1332, Denver, Colo. ’02 *JoNES, Evan E. , Supt, Mex. Coal and Coke Co.,

Las Esperanzas, Coah., Mexico. ’02

Jones, Fayette A., Field Asst., U. S. Geol Survey,

817 North 8th St., Albuquerque, New Mexico. ’98

JoNES, J. Elmer, Supt Mill Creek Coal Co., Hazleton, Pa. ’94

*JoNES, James F., Civ. and Min. Engr.. .214 South 42d St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’88 *.JoNES, L. J. W., Supt. ..Omaha Plant, Amer. Sm. & Eef. Co., Omaha, Neb. ’96

*JoNES, T. Catesby . Bnk. Bldg., Eichmond, Va. ’81

*JoNES, Thomas D., Coal Operator Hazleton, Pa. ’75

*JoNES, W. A. Fleming P. 0. Box 1335, Denver, Colo. ’01

**JoNES, Washington, Mech. Engr 1632 No. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’81

*JoNES, William L., Genl Mgr Jones Laughlins, Ltd., Pittsburg, Pa. ’88

*JoNES, Wm. S Silver City, N. M. ’01

*JoPLiNG, James E., Min. Engr. .Cleveland Cliffs Iron Co., Ishpeming, Mich. ’84

fJopLiNG, Eeginald P 508 Cuyahoga Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. ’89

fJosT, Fred Susanville, Grant Co., Cal. ’97

JoijET, Cavalier H., Tutor, Anal. Chem., Columbia Univ..New York, N. Y. ’83 *, Henry A., Min. Engr., Lake View South G. M., etc.,

Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. ’90 *JuDGE, Arthur THEO...De Beers Camp, Mazoc, Mashonaland, So. Africa. ’01 *JuDSON, John N., Min. Engr., Amer. Metal Co., Ltd., etc.,

52 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’84 JiissEN, Edmund, Min. Engr Spokane, Wash. ’97

Kada, Teichi, Min. Engr 34 Honmura Yotsya, Tokio, Japan. ’88

fEAHN, Julius, Mgr., Combination Euhber & Belting Co.. Bloomfield, N. J. ’97

*Kanda, Eeiji, Chief Engr Hokkaido M. Co., Tokio, Japan. ’93

*Kane, Thomas H., Mgr Hercules Cons. M. Co., Silverton, Colo. ’97

*Kann, Meyer M., Secy, and Treas., Pittsburg Crushed Steel Co., Ltd.,

Sta. B., Pittsburg, Pa. ’95

fEANN, WILLIA3I L., Pres., Penn- Amer. Plate Glass Co.,

600 Westinghouse Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. ’95 *Karricb:, L. C., Supt Calumet & Hecla Mine, Salt Lake City, Utah. ’86

Members And Associates.

Kasahara, Washitaro, Chief Engr., Hibira Copper Mine,

Higashiusukigarij Hynga, Japan, 90 Kasson, Burt Z., Surveyor and Chemist, Cia. Beneficiadora del Concheno,

Conclieno, Chihuahua, Alexico. ’02 *Kaufmak, Charles, Min. Engr..l0 Austin Friars, London, E. C., England. ’89 *Eawai, Yasushiro, Min. Engr.. ..12 Hinokischio, Akasaka, Tokio, Japan. ’91 **Kayser, H. W. Ferdiistand, Mount Brehoff AI. Co.,

AVaratah, Launceston, Tasmania. ’95

*Kayser, Egbert Lee, Aline Algr Apartado 115, Alonterey, Alexico. ’02

*Keam, Ernest R, Aline Algr., Floater G. AL,

Bavensthorpe, Western Australia. ’01 *Kebler, Julian A., Pres., Colo. Fuel & Iron Co.,

720 Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’85 *KEr)ZiE, George E., Min. Engr Panuco de Coronado, Durango, Alexico. ’88

Keegan, John T., Alin. Engr 2616 AVilliam St., Denver, Colo. ’99

Keeley, Frank J., Alin. Engr. and AIet.,421 Chestnut St.,

Philadelphia, Pa. ’92

Keeley, Jerome 421 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’76

*Keeling, Waverley, Aline Algr Juneau, Alaska. ’02

Keener, George L., Mine Supt., Alary AIcKenney AI. Co.. Anaconda, Colo. ’00 *Keep, William J., Supt., Alichigan Stove Co.,

753 Jefferson Ave., Detroit, Alich. ’88 “Kehler, Charles Baymond, Mine Owner, Box 773, Johannesburg,

So. Africa. ’02

*Kehoe, Henry, Min. Engr., Gooderham Blackstock Syndicate

(of Toronto, Canada), Spokane, Wash. ’00 *Keighley, Fred. C., Genl. Supt., Oliver & Snyder Steel Co.,

Oliver, Fayette Co., Pa. ’88

*Keiller, Alex. G., Supt., Cyanide Plant, P. 0. Box 494,

Virginia City, Nevada. ’02 *Keith, Nathl. S., Cons. Min. & Alet. Engr., 95 Liberty St., New York, N. Y. ’02 *Keller, Arthur H., Mgr., Santa Lucia & Diamanse Mines,

Santa Bosa., Dept, de Copan, Honduras, Central America. ’83

*Keller, Cornelius H., Assayer Apartado 68, Aguascalientes, Mexico. ’99

Keller, Edward, Chem. and Met., Anaconda Cop. M. Co., Care Balt.

Cop. S. & B. Co., 4th Ave. and Clinton St., Canton, Md. ’95

*Keller, Hermann A 620 Hayward Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. ’81

*KELLEy, Walter S., Min. Engr., New Eikhorn M. Co., Ltd.,

Leadville, Colo. ’89

*Kelley, William A., Cyanide Chemist... 2836 Champa St., Denver, Colo. ’02 Kellogg, John S., Jr. , Asst. Supt...Latrobe S. & C. Co., Melrose Park, HI. ’93 *Kelly, Edward, Mgr , Wharton Furnaces and Alines and Genl. Supt. ,

Morris County B.B. Co., Port Oram, N. J. ’90

*Kelly, William, Genl. Mgr Penn Iron M. Co., Vulcan, Mich. ’90

*Kemler, W. H., Chem 1823 Carson Street, Pittsburg, Pa. ’90

*Kemp, James F., Prof, of Geol Columbia Dniv., New York, N. Y. ’91

*Kemp, William, Pres Mut. Nat. Bank of Troy, Troy, N. Y. ’83

*Kempton, C. W., Min. Engr... 29 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’75

*Kendall, Hugh F., Min. Engr Crete Min. Co., Hibbing, Alinn. ’99

Kennedy, Geo. Adams, Min. Engr Silverton, Colo. ’02

Kennedy, Hugh, Buffalo & Susquehanna Iron Co.,

Erie County Bank Bldg., Buffalo, N. Y. ’81

MEMBERS AlD ASSOCIATES.

JTeeemiah J.j Cons. Engr 52 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 02

*KEKisrEi)Y, JoHJf, Alin. Engr New Wharf, Elobart, Tasmania. ’96

Johk S., Genl. Mgr...Musconetcong Iron Wks., Stanhope, N. J. ’81

KejSTNEDY, dniiiAN, Cons. Mech. Engr Smith Block, Pittsburg, Pa. ’79

*Keyyeby, Oeran W., Genl. Siipt H. C Frick Coke Co., Uniontown, Pa. ’93

*Kent, Joseph C., Blast Furnace Engineer Edgartown, Mass. ’72

*Rb2s-t, Joseph F., Alin. Eng Horr, Alont. ’02

*, AVieliam, Cons. Engr., Engineering Xeivs, 220 Broadway,

New York, K.Y. ’76

**Keyt, AYilliam St. G., Alet 137 Hawthorne Ave., Yonkers, N. Y. ’72

Seri, Br. Brniio Hohenzollernstrasse 2, Steglitz bei Berlin, Germany.

*Keer, David G., Chemist 1102 Centre St., Wilkensburg, Pa. ’86

*, Mark B., Aline Supt, Jumper Gold Synd., Ltd., Stent,

Tuolumne Co., Cal. ’90

fKERR, Thomas B., Patent Lawyer 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’92

Keevin, J. H , Ghem., Smelter, Bingham Copper Gold Co.,

AVest Jordan, Utah. ’95

*Keyes, Charles R., Pres., New Alexico School of Mines,

Socorro, New Alexico.

*Keyes, ay. S., Cons, and Alin. Engr..Pacific Union Club, San Francisco, Cal. *Kidwell, Edgar, Mech. Engr., Room 607, 330 Market St.,

San Francisco, Cal.

*Kimball, Edwin B., Alin. Engr., Boston and Oroville Dredging Co.,

Oroville, Cal.

*K:immell, Harry R., Alin. Engr 318 City Hall, Cleveland, Ohio.

*EIing, Adstin j., Supt Pocahontas Collieries Co., Pocahontas, Ya.

*, Edmund M Leura, Launceston, Tasmania.

*King, Ernest W., Min. Engr Lewistown, Alont.

*King, Thomas AI Irvington-on-Hudson, N. Y.

Kingston, Charles B., Cons. Min. Engr., 4 Hanbury St.,

Kalgoorlie, Western Australia.

*Kinzie, Robert A., Asst. Supt, Alaska Treadwell G. M. Co.,

Treadwell City, Alaska,

*Kirby, Edmund B., Cons. Min. Engr. and Alet., Genl. Mgr., War Eagle and Centre Star Alin. Go’s , Rossland, B. C., Canada. Kirchhopp, Charles, Editor, IronAge.,22 William St., New York, N. Y.

Kirkcaldy, Norman M., Civil and Mm Engr Dunedin, New Zealand.

Kirkegaard, Peter, Genl. Supt , Canadian Gold Fields, Ltd.,

Deloro, Ont., Canada.

Kirkpatkick, Guy H., Min. Engr.,

Care Leroy Kirkpatrick, 215 Simcoe St, Toronto’ Canada, *Kleinschmidt, Charles, Mech. Engr., Calle Berlin, No. 5,

Mexico City, Mexico.

Klepetko, Prank, Min. Engr 1011 AXartine Bldg., New York, N. Y.

*Klug, George C., Metallurgist, Golden Horseshoe Mine,

Boulder, Western Australia. Knapp, George F., Oglehay, Norton & Go., Wade Bldg , Cleveland, Ohio.

*Knapp, Isaac N p. Q. Box 1564, Philadelphia, Pa.

f Knapp, S. A., Supt Pacific Copper Co., Hawthorne, Nevada.

Knecht, Carl E., Sampler, Crown Reef G, M. Co.,

Box 1081 , Johannesburg, S. Africa. Knight, Edward C., Mgr., Am. Smelting and Ref. Co.,

Apartado 101, Monterey, Mexico.

’99

’72

’97

’97

’99

’02

’97

’99

’82

’95

’95

’84

’75

’99

’99

’00

’99

’80

’01

’87

’01

’85

’99

’94

MEMBERS A2nI) ASSOCIATES.

Knight, Fletcher H., Asst. Genl. Supt., Thomas Iron Co.,

Hokendauqua, Pa. ’90

-Knight, Wilbitb C., Prof, of Min. and Geol., School of Mines,

Univ. of Wyoming, 914 Grand Ave., Laramie, 'Wyo. ’00

Knoertzee, Henri, Min. Engr 56 Eue Balagny, Paris, France. ’92

*Knox, Henry H., Cons. Min. Engr 99 John St., kew York, Y. Y. ’92

*Knox, Newton B., Min. Engr.. .Room 36, 310 Pine St., San Francisco, Cal. ’00 *Knox, MTlliam, Mine Owner, 163 William St.,

Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ’01

Knutzen, Theodor, Supt National Sm. Co., Rapid City, So. Dakota, ’90

*Koch, Walter E., Min. and Met. Engr,, Genl. Mgr., Lustre M. Co.,

Sta. Maria del Oro (via Parral), Durango, Mexico. ’86 *Kochkine, Simeon J., Engr. of Mines and Metallurgy,

Rostow-on-Don, S. Russia. ’02 Koehler, William, Elec. Chem. Engr., 1614 Superior St., Cleveland, Ohio. ’01

Koelle, Carl 71 Broadway, New York. N. Y. ’96

Koenig, Prop. George A Michigan College of j\Iines, Houghton, Mich. ’74

*Kondo, R., IMin. Engr..l Y'ayesucho, Itchome Itreymachuku, Tokio, Japan. ’88

**E:ow, Tong Sing, Cons. Engr Pekin Syndicate, Shanghai, China. ’90

*Kbabler, Emil, General Director, Ivolner Bergwere-verein,

Altenessen, Germany. ’91

*Kraemer, Edward L., Chem 1409 So. 8th St., Denver, Colo. ’98

*E:eebs, Charles E., Civ. and Min. Engr. Kanawha Falls, W. Va. ’02

*Keebs, George J., Min. Engr Somerset Trust Co., Somerset, Pa. ’01

Krejci, Milo W., Smelter Foreman, Boston & Montana Cons. Cop. &

Silver Mining Co., Great Falls, Mont. ’98

-Krull, Oliver W., Min. Engr 1526 Charlotte St., Kansas City, Mo. ’00

*Kdnhardt, Wheaton B., 2d V. Pre.s., Carpenter Steel Co,,

1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’80 fKxTNZ, George F. , Gem Expert, Tiffany & Co., 11 Union Square,

New York, N.Y. ’88

Kurie, Frank M , Min. Engr Portland G. M. Co., Victor, Colo. ’97

*, Edward L Columbia Univ., New York, N. Y. ’94

*, Henry M., Supt. of Mines... Harbison, Walker Co., Pittsburg, Pa. ’93 **Kwang, Kwong Yung, Chinese Engineering & M. Co ,

Linsi Colliery, Tientsin, China. ’94

*Ladd, George E., Prof, of Geol. and Min., Dir., Missouri School of Mines,

Rolla, Mo. ’98

*Laidlaw, James T., Min. Engr., Mgr., Kootenay Gold Mines, Ltd.

(Perry Creek), Fort Steele, B. C., Canada, ’00 *Laird, Geo. A La Victoria y Anexas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. ’01

*Lakenan, Cornelius B., Min. & Mech. Engr Grass Valley, Cal. ’00

*Lak;es, Arthur, Western Editor, Mines and Minerals,

32 Barth Blk., Denver, Colo. ’96 fLAMB, Charles R. F. H Address wanted. ’98

*Lamb, Mark B., Min. Engr 425 Temple St., Los Angeles, Cal. ’01

*Lam:b, Richard, Civ. and Min. Engr 1 Broadway, New York, N.Y. ’02

*Lamson, Allan G., Cons. Engr... McCormick Bldg., Salt Lake City, Utah. ’96

**Landero, Carlos F. De, Min. Engr., Geol., Genl. Mgr., Real del Monte

M, Co., Las Cajus, Pachuca, Mexico. ’94

**Landfield, Jerome B 2243 College Ave., Berkeley, Cal. ’02

Landis, Edward K. , Asst. Furnace Mgr, , 4025 Spruce St., Phi ladelphia, Pa. ’82

Members And Associates.

Laje, He:?nRY M., Principal, Mechanical Dept., International

Correspondence School, Scranton, Pa. ’99

*Laye, X S., Aleck Engr 620 Connell Bldg., Scranton, Pa. ’80

'Langdon, X. M., Algr Antrim Iron Co., Alancelona, Mich. ’81

*Langdon, Paul D., Pres., Augusta Tel. & Electric Co.,

504 Djer Bldg., Augusta, Ga. ’87 fLANGELOTH, X, Pres., Amer. Aletal Co., Ltd., 52 Broadway,

P. O. Box 957, New York, X. Y. ’90

*Langeoei>, Frane: Alelones Alining Co., Alelones, Cal. ’98

Langtox, .Johx, Cons. Engr 99 John St., Xew York, X. Y. ’01

*Laxeing, John G,, Supt., Open Hearth Dept., U. S. W. Co.,

Xewberry Steel AVorks, Cleveland, Ohio. ’93-

’"Labsson, Per, Genl. Mgr Xora Cons. Alines, Striberg, Sweden. ’86

*La Rue, AV. G., Mining Xorth Freedom, AVis. ’88

*Lash, Horace W., Vice-Pres. and Aletl. Engr., Garrett, Cromwell Eng.

Co., Xew England Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. ’88 *Lasley, AVilliam Al, Vice-Pres., Southern Paving & Construction Co.,

Chattanooga, Tenn. ’00

*Lathrop, Martin A., Alet. and Assayer. Los Gatos, Cal. ’89

*Lathrop, AVilliam A No. Amer. Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ’83

*Lauder, George, Mgr., Carnegie Bros. Coke AVks.,

7403 Penna. Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. ’78

‘Lauder, AA'illiam, Mgr Colonial Iron Co., Eiddlesburg, Pa. ’02

*Laulig, 0. O., Supt., Blast Furnaces, Illinois Steel Co., So. AVorks,

So. Chicago, 111. ’93

*Laughlin, James B., Furnace Supt,..Laughlin & Co., Ltd., Pittsburg, Pa. ’97

Laubeau, L. G., Cons. Engr 11 Waverly Place, Xew York, X. Y. ’78

*Lavagnino, G., Min. Engr P. O. Box 550, Salt Lake City, Utah. ’85

*Law, John B,, Supt. of Mines Penna. Coal Co., Pittston, Pa. ’91

Latvall, Elmer H., Alin. Engr., Treas. Internat. Text-Book Co ,

Scranton, Pa. ’98

Lawn, James G. , Prof, of Mining, S. African School of Alines,

Kimberley, S. Africa. ’97

Lawrence, Benjamin B., Min. Engr 56 Wall St., Xew York, X. Y. ’82

Lawrence, Charles E., Supt- of Mines Amasa, Iron Co., Mich. ’93

Lawrence, H, L 19 Walpole Terrace, Brighton, England. ’90

*Lawrence, Schuyler, Mgr., Barranca Copper Co.,

Barranca del Cobre, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’99

Lawrence, Walter L., Alin. Engr 719 Delaware St , Scranton, Pa. ’83

Lawson, James C. E., Alin. Engr., Finchley Lodge, Xorth Finchley,

London, England. ’01

Lawson, Thomas AV., Min. Engr., Ricketts & Banks,

104 John St., Xew York, X. Y. ’99'

*Lay, Henry C., Civil and Alin. Engr Box 206, Telluride, Colo. ’89

*Leacey, Fred. J., Asst. Manager, Fdy. Dept., Amer. Grass Twine Co.,

St. Paul, Minn. ’98

ILeary, Daniel J., Contracting Engr 119 E. 25th St, Xew York, X. Y. ’81

Leavitt, E. D., Mech. Engr 2 Central Square, Cambridgeport, Mass. ’76

’Le Boutillier, Clement, Chem. and Met, Taylor Iron & Steel Co.,

High Bridge, N. X ’91

*Leckie, Robert G Truro, Xova Scotia. ’7D

*Leckie, R. G. E., Min. Engr., Genl. Mgr., Republic Cons. G. M. Co.,

Republic, AVash. ’91

Membees And Associates.

*Ledotjx, Albeet R., Cons. Engr. and Assayer, Ledoux & Co.,

99 John St., New York, N. Y. ’89

**Ledoxjx, Feederic A.j Min. Engr., Societe Miniere et Metallnrgique

de Penarroya, 12 Place Vendome, Paris, France. ’97 *Lee, Arthur H , Supt., Blast Furnaces, Lackawanna Steel Co.,

Buffalo, N.Y. ’87

fLEE, Harry H., Attorney 621 Ernest & Cranmer Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’99

*Lee, J. Hexry, Pres. , Great Elk Coal Co., Carbon Hill, Ala. ,

and 33 South Gay Street, Baltimore, Md. ’90 Lee, Richard Henry, Jr., Genl. Supt., Colorado Fuel & Iron Co.,

Pueblo, Colo, ’83

*Leete, William McN., Mn. Engr 1225 Webster St., Oakland, Cal. ’91

Fevre, Henry F., Min. Engr 54 Broad St., New York, N. Y. ’93

Fevre, Solomon, Asst. Mgr., Chateaugay Ore & Iron Co.,

Plattsburgh, N. Y. ’93

Leffinowell, W'illiam H., Civil and Min. Engr Lake City, Colo. ’01

*Leggat, Alexander, Min. Engr P. O. Box 115, Butte, Mont. ’02

*Leggat, J. Benton, Min. Engr 517 Hennessy Bldg, Butte, Mont. ’95

**Leggett, Thomas H., Cons. Min. Engr.,

Salisbury House, London Wall, London, E. C., England. ’82

*Lehman, George M,, TJ. S. Asst. Engr 411 P. 0. Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. ’86

Lehmann, Gustavus W., Chem 412 E. Lombard St.,’ Baltimore, Md. ’91

*Lehmer, Frank W., Asst. Engr., N. C. & C. Co.,

1170 Sherman Ave., Denver, Colo. ’02 ILeighton, George B., Vice-Pres., Kansas & Texas Coal Co., St. Louis, Mo. ’99

Leiseneing, Walter, Genl. Supt Westmoreland Coal Co., Irwin, Pa. ’91

*Le Moyne, Joel H., Mine Supt 1465 Josephine St., Denver, Colo. ’00

Lempbiebe,’ Oscar, J 506 Little Collins St., Melbourne, Australia. ’01

*Lengemann, Aug., Prof, and Geheimer Bergrath, 38 Thurmstrasse,

Aachen, Germany. ’ 02

*Lengle, E. Fleming, Mgr., Republic M. Co.,

Santiago, Papasquiaro, Durango, Mexico. ’01 *Lengle, Edward M., Asst. Mgr., Republic Mining Co.,

Santiago, Papasquiaro, Durango, Mexico. ’02 *Lennig, Nicholas, . Chem., Charles Lennig& Co., Ltd.,

333 Drexel Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ’82

*Lentz, WiLLLiivi 0., Genl. Mgr Lentz & Co., Park Place, Pa. ’85

Leonard, R. W., Min. Engr., Lake Superior Power Co.,

Sault Ste. Marie, Ont, Canada. ’94 Leonard, William A., Genl. Supt., Steel Wks. & Mill,

Tremont Nail Co., West Wareham, Mass. ’89 *Lerchen, Frank H., Min. Engr. and Metallurgist,

Modoc, Dona Ana Co., New Mexico. ’96

Lesley, Prof* J. P Room 10, 3d Floor, 506 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa,

*Leslib, Hugh M., Chem. Engr., Cyanide Process, Kolarg. Field,

Marikuppam, Mysore, So. India. ’97

*Letts, Robert F., Min. Engr 334 Union, Lima, Peru, So. America. ’01

**Levat, David, Min. Engr 174 Boulevard Malesherhes, Paris, France. ’87

*Lbvings, Joseph H., Chief Assayer and Chem., Tasmania Sm. Co.,

Zeehan, Tasmania. ’97

*Le Wald, E. A., Civil & Min. Engr Bond & La Farge, Seattle, Wash. ’87

fLEWis, Albert Bear Creek, Luzerne Co., Pa. ’91

Members And Associates.

**LYMA.sr, BE5JAMii5' S., Min. Engr 708 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa.

I fLYMAX, Feaxk, Treas., Low Moor Iron Co. of Yirginia,

Tontine Bldg., 88 Wall St., New York, N. Y.

Lyman, Egbert, Jr., Min. Engr Butler, Nevada.

*Lyman, Robert H., Spanish- American Iron Co., etc.,

Santiago de Cuba, Cuba

*Lyon, Charles G., National Mutual Bldg., Collins St.,

Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Lyon, Dorsey a Address wanted.

tLYSLE, Walter Scott, Metallurgical Engr.,

354 West 120th St., New York, N. Y.

McArthur, Robert A., Min. Engr.,

Parrott Silver & Cop. Co., Butte, Mont.

*McCaffery, Richard S., Min. Engr 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

*McCalley, Herry, Chem University, Ala.

IMcCallum, a. Campbell, Min. Engr P. O. Victoria, B. C., Canada.

IMcCallum, William H., Mech. Engr. ..925 Chestnut St , Philadelphia, Pa.

*McCahdless, E. V., Accountant P. O. Box 1096, Pittsburg, Pa.

*McCaith, Ferdihahd, Min. Engr Cadereyta, Queretaro, Mexico.

McCarthy, Edward E., Min. Engr 43 Irving St., Cambridge, Mass.

*McCarthy, Edward T., Gen. Mgr., Matheson & Co,,

3 Lombard St , London, England.

*McCarthy, M. E., Min. Engr 1025 South 19th St, Birmingham, Ala.

*McCartrey, Robert J., Mill Supt Silverton, Colo.

*McCarty, Geo. J., Mine Mgr Torres, Sonora, Mexico.

*McCay, Dr. Le Roy W., Prof, of General Chemistry, Princeton Univ.,

Princeton, N. J.

*McChrystal, j. C P. O. Box ‘‘FV Eureka, Utah.

*McClellar, Arthur Drifton, Luzerne Co., Pa.

McClintock, William H., Mine Operator Sonora, Cal.

McClure, David, Mine Supt Gwinmine, Calaveras Co., Cal.

*McClure, Samuel, Genl. Mgr., Stewart Iron Co., Ltd.,

Sharon, Mercer Co , Pa.

*McCluro, Tames A., Min. Engr 938 Equitable Bldg., Denver, Colo.

*McComas, William P., Mine Supt Beverly, Sierra Co., Cal.

McCoyrell, John, Nova Scotia Steel Co., 3604 Powelton Ave.,

Philadelphia, Pa.

McConnell, Nevin Union Steel Co., Donora, Pa.

*McCoed, William H Sandy, Nevada.

McCormack, G. B., V. Pres Woodward Iron Co., Woodward, Ala.

*McCormick, Edward, Min. Engr 1564HeclaSt, Calumet, Mich.

McCormick, Henry, Jr , Central Iron Steel Co., Harrisburg, Pa.

McCoemick, Vance C., Secy, and Treas., Sonman Shaft Coal Co.,

Harrisburg, Pa,

*McCoy, James W., Cons. Min. Engr., Montana Cop. & G. M. Co.,

125 La Salle St., Chicago, 111.

*McOeeath, Andrew S., Chem 223 Market St., Harrisburg, Pa.

*McCreath, Lesley, Chemist 223 Market St., Harrisburg, Pa.

*McCbee, Parbinuton M., Mine Supt Box 1027, Salt Lake City, Utah.

McCbery, Charles, Genl. Supt., Dominion Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.,

Sydney, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia.

’00

’96

’97

’98

’02

’00

’95

’88

’02

’84

’02

’00

’97

’97

’97

’01

’85

’01

’71

’98

’00

’91

’98

’01

’96

’94

’99

’91

’97

’92

’94

’97

’75

’02

’99

’89

MEMBEES AlSri) ASSOCIATES.

*McCulloch, Eichard, Asst. Gen. Mgr., Chicago City Ey. Co.,

2020 State St., Chicago, 111. ’91 McCullough, Edmund H., Pres., Westmoreland Coal Co.,

224 So. 3d St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’01

*McCurdy, John E Apartado 2217, Mexico City, Mexico. ’97

McDaniel, Alex. K., Min. Engr 107 So. Excelsior St, Butte, Mont. ’02

*McDermott, Walter, Min. and Met. Engr.,

43 Threadneedle St., London, E. C., England. ’74 McDonald, Jno. A., Care McDonald, Searles & Co ,

4 Chapel St., Cripplegate, London, E. C., England. ’01 McDonald, Joseph A., , Ohio Wks., National Steel Co.,

Youngstown, Ohio. ’00

McDonald, Samuel, vSupt., Bessemer Dept, Eepublic Iron & Steel Co.,

Youngstown, Ohio. ’85

McDonald, Thomas, Genl. Supt National Steel Co., Youngstown, Ohio. ’90

*McDowell, J. C 812 Frick Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. ’94

*McGary, E. L., Consulting Engr., Eooms 1214—17, Westinghouse Bldg.,

Pittsburg, Pa. ’94

*McGee, George T., Min. Engr Anaconda M. Co., Butte, Mont. ’99

*McGrath, John, Mine Mgr Apartado 22, Oaxaca, Mexico. ’02

*McGregor, J. Murray, M. E. and Provincial Land Surveyor,

Slocan, B. C , Canada. ’01

*McHose, Arthur Boone Clay Works, Boone, Iowa. ’99

McIlvain, Edward M., Pres... Bethlehem Steel Co., South Bethlehem, Pa. ’86 fMciLVAiN, J. Gibson, Lumber Merchant,

58th St. and Woodland Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. ’01 *McTlvain, William E., Pres., Eeading Gas. Co.,

210 North 5th St, Eeading, Pa. ’92 *McKay, John E., Mining Accountant, Lake View Consols, Ltd.,

Boulder, Western Australia. ’94

*McKee, Jas. A., Supt. Mach. Dept, Cia. Fundidora de Fierro y Acero,

Monterey, N. L , Mexico. ’02

*McKee, John F., Mine Supt Baker Mines, Carroll Co., Va. ’92

*McKenna, Alexander G., Met., Chemist, Firth Sterling Steel Co ,

Demmler, Pa. ’96

*McKenna, Charles F., Chem.Engr 221 Pearl St, New York, N. Y. ’94

*McKeown, W. W., Chem 829 Wick Ave., Youngstown, Ohio. ’00

**McKillop, John, Met. Engr.,

3 Clements Inn, Strand, London, W. C., England. ’93

*McKinley, Wm. B., Min. Engr 108 W. 79th St., New York, N. Y. ’02

fMcKiNNEY, E. C 136 Liberty St, New York, N. Y. ’86

*McLanahan, j. King, Iron Mfr. and Miner. Hollidaysburg, Pa. ’81

*McLean, Gordon, Min. Engr Morenci, Ariz. ’99

*McLean, John H., Supt Oliver Iron M. Co., Ironwood, Micb. ’00

*McLeavy, John, Mine Mgr John McLeavy & Co., Punxsutawney, Pa. ’75

*McLennan, j. S Dominion Coal Co., Ltd., 95 Milk St., Boston, Mass. ’85

*McLure, Charles D. , Min. Engr 608 Security Bldg., St Louis, Mo. ’88

McMahan, Charles H., Genl. ., Sombrerete M. Co.,

Sombrerete, Zacatecas, Mexico. ’95

*McMurray, Max, Genl. Supt, Newburg Wks., American Steel & Wire Co.,

Cleveland, Ohio. ’02

*McNamara, Herbert H 316 Torrey Bldg., Duluth, Minn. ’02

Membbes And Associates.

*McNaugher, Dayid W., Civil Engr., Robert W. Hunt & Co.,

Monongahela Bank Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. 96

*McR"xjlty, Samuel G Superior C. S. & H. R. R., Calf Creek, Ky. ’02

*McVichie, D., Supt of Mines, Be la Mars Mercur Mine Co., Mercur, Utab, ’91

*MAcAiiTHrB, John S., Met 45 Renfield St., Glasgow. Scotland. ’92

Maccallum, ]Sr. G., Supt., Steel Plant, Phoenix Iron Co , Phoenixville, Pa. ’02

’Macco, HEiNBrcH, Civil and Met Engr Siegen, Germany. ’92

MacCulloch, Charles, Min. Engr., Fir Grove,

Gladstone Road, Auckland, jN’ew Zealand. ’98

MacDonald, Bernard P. O. Drawer 1747, Spokane, Wash. ’89

Macdonald, Charles, Civil Engr. 2 Wall Street, New York, N. Y, ’75

MacDonald, Jesse J., Min. Engr., Care Inca Min. Co.,

Tirapata, Peru, So. America. ’00 Macdonald, Joseph, Mine Mgr., Alaska Treadwell S. M. Co.,

Douglas Island, Alaska. ’96

*1acDonald, Michael E., Mine Manager,

P. O. Box 33, Guanajuato, Mexico. ’02 *MacDonald, William T., Min. Engr., 128 No. Main St., Los Angeles, Cal. ’01 MacFablane, George, Min. Engr., Les Compagnie Franaise de Mines

d’Or et d’ Exploration, 20 Rue Taitbout, Paris, France. ’98

*Maceablane, Graham, Pres 3d & Main Sts, Louisville, Ky. ’86

*MacPablane, Rienzo W , Care Dupp Syndicate,

Singapore, Malay Peninsula. ’02

Macfarlane, Thomas, Chief Analyst, Inland Revenue Laboratory,

317 Queen St., Ottawa, Canada. ’89

*Macgeorge, Alexander J., Min. Engr.,

P. 0. Box 240, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. ’97 *Mace:, Thomas A , Mgr , Furnace and Mine,

508 Neave Bldg., Cincinnati, Ohio. ’88

*Mack:ay, Angus, Min. Engr. and Met Douglas City, Alaska. ’87

Mackay, Angus R., Chem Royal Bldg , Montreal, Canada. ’96

*Mackay, Philip A., Care Sulphide Corp. Co. of London & Australia,

Cockle Creek, New So. Wales, Australia. ’99

*Mackay, Walter, Mining 320 Montgomery St., Portland, Ore. ’87

Mackenzie, G. S., Met., Sydney Sm. Co Woolwich, New South Wales. ’87

Mackenzie, Louis, Mech. Engr., Riverside Dept., National Tube Co.,

Wheeling, W.Va. ’96

*Mackey, Perry D., Republic Iron & Steel Co Youngstown. Ohio, ’94

MacKinnon, G. W. W., 2 East India Ave., Leadenhall St,

London, E. C., England. ’93 *MacLeod, Wm. Alex., Director, School of Mines,

Charters Towers, Queensland, Australia. ’01 *MacLeod, William A , Min. Engr., P. O. Box 222, Sudbury, Ont , Canada. ’99 *MacNaughton, James, Pres. & Treas., MacIntyre I. Co.,

26 Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y. ’93 MacNaughton, James, Min. Engr., Genl. Mgr., Calumet & Hecla Mines,

Calumet, Mich. ’90

**MacNeill, Charles M., Vice-Pres and Genl. Mgr., IT. S. Reduction <fe

Ref. Co., etc., Colorado Springs, Colo. ’09 Macnutt, Charles H., Min, Engr., Cia. Huanchaca de Bolivia,

Pulacayo, Bolivia, So. America. ’90 Macomb, John de N., Jb., Civil Engr., 1417 Kentucky St, Lawrence, Kas. ’00

Members And Associates.

' MacPherean, EaIiPh S. , Cliem AUis-CIialmers Co., Milwaukee, Wis. 97

MACiENAr, AVm., Supt Catherine Lead Co., Fredericktown, Mo. ’02

*Magruder, William T., Prof. Mech. Engr., Ohio State Univ ,

Columbus, Ohio. ’88

-Mahony, Arthue S. J 51 W. 94th St., New York, N. Y. ’88

*Main, Alfred F., Asst Genl Algr., El Oro M. & Ey Co., Ltd.,

El Oro, Mexico, Mexico. ’02

"Maixwaeexg, Hugh M. C., Min. Surveyor, Care Chillagoe Ey. & Mines,

Ltd., Chillagoe, Queensland, Australia. ’99 Maitland, Oeoege C., Min. Engr.,

Brookman St., Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, ’00 Makita, Tamaki, Min. Mgr., Care Mitsui Miike Coal Mines,

Chikugo, Japan. ’00

Malcolmson, James A¥.. Cons. Min. Engr., P. O. Box 327, El Paso, Texas. ’90 *Malins, Feancis a., Min. Engr...P. O. Box 296, Silver City, New Mexico. ’97 *Malm, J. Laweehce, Genl. Mgr., Electro-Chemical Ore Eeduction Co.,

Marysville, Mont. ’96

’Manley, Frank Austin, Chief Eng., Union Pacific Coal Co.,

P. O. Box 165, Eock Springs, Wyo. ’02 Manley, Henry L., Min. Engr., Crows’ Nest Pass. C. Co.,

Fernie, B. C., Canada. ’93

'"Mann, James S., Assayer and Chem., Univ. of Arizona... Tucson, Arizona. ’02

Mann, William S Thayer M. & M. Co., hliramar, Costa Eica, C. A. ’01

Mannesmann, Egbert Eemscheid, Germany. ’90

Mannheim, Ernest A., Min. Engr., Care Howells Explor. Co.,

Gundagai, New South Wales. ’01 Mannheim, H. C., Chemist, Min. Engr., 76 Warren St., New York, N. Y. ’89 *Mannheim, P. a. L., Met., and Asst. Supt, Am. S. E. Co.,

Monterey, Mexico. ’89

Mansfield, Nathan T Address wanted. ’96

*Manson, William 0., Mining Equitable Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’02

Marais, Emile M. C. Du, Min. Engr.,

6 Quai de I’Amerante, St. Petersburg, Eussia. ’96

*Markle, Alvan, Coal Mine Operator Hazleton, Pa. ’85

*Marble, John, Min. Engr G. B. Markle & Co., Jeddo, Pa. ’79

Marriner, Jno. T., Engr., East Murchison United G. M.,

Lawlers, East Murchison, W. Australia. ’01 *Martin, Dr. a. a., Min. Engr...Unter den Linden 8, Berlin, W. Germany. ’00 **Martin, Edward P., Civil Engr., Genl. Director of Guest Keen Co , Ltd.,

Dowlais, Glamorganshire, Wales. ’81 *Martin, j. B., Supt., Bessemer Steel Dept., Penn. Steel Co ,

Box 42, Steelton, Pa. ’86

Martin, J. F Phoenix Foundry, Gawler, S. Australia. ’93

Martin, Nicholas J., Supt. of Mines, N. Y. & Honduras Eosario M. Co.,

San Juancito, Honduras, Central America. ’00 Martin, Simon S., Supt, Steel Dept, Maryland Steel Co.,

612 C St, Sparrows Point, Md. ’99 Martinez, Adolfo, Cia. MetallurgicaMexicana...San Luis Potosi, Mexico. ’02

*Mason, Bussell T., Min. Engr Care E. C. Mason, Boulder, Colo. ’93

*Massenez, Joseph, Engr 10 Humboldtstrasse, Wiesbaden, Germany. ’91

Masters, Harris K., Smelter Supt,

CareU. S. Min. Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. ’95 E

Members And Associates.

Matcham, Charles A., Genl. Mgr., Lehigh Portland Cement Co..

Allentown, Pa. ’97

*Matheb, Henry A., Secy., Verde Queen Cop. Co. of Arizona, etc.,

41 Cortlandt St., Hew York, N. Y. ’00

Mather, Samuel Hichards, Mather & Co., Cleveland, Ohio. ’/9

IMather, William G., Pres Cleveland Cliff Iron Co., Cleveland, Ohio. ’86

Matheson, William G., Mgr., I. Matheson & Co , Ltd.,

Hew Glasgow, Nova Scotia. ’85

niATHEWS, Edward J *71 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’97

’'Mathewson, E. P., Met Anaconda Copper M. Co., Anaconda, Mont. ’89

*Mattern, Herman, Min. Mgr Hornbrook, Cal. ’02

Mattes, Charles C., Min. Engr 615 Lackawanna A ve., Scranton, Pa, ’81

Mattes, William F., Cons. Engr Connell Bldg., Scranton, Pa. ’81

Matthiessen, F. W Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., La Salle, 111. ’84

Mauney, a. C., Cashier Whitney Reduction Co., Gold Hill, N. C. ’94

’Maurice Joseph, Min, Engr., Monte Horcaz’s Domain, por Villanueva-

Minas, Province of Seville, Spain. ’90

Maurice, Juan, Min. Engr Potosi, Bolivia, So. America. ’00

*Maxson, Chester W,, Supt M. M. M.Co., Ltd., Lordsburg, N. Mex. ’02

*Maxwell, Jno. W. C., Min. Engr 820 Sansome St., San Francisco, Cal. ’02 *May, Albert Edward, Reduction Office, Care Latham G. M. Co., Ltd.,

Caethe-Minas Geraes, via Bio de Janeiro, Brazil, So. ilmerica. ’02

*May, De Courcy, Genl. Mgr N. Y, Shipbuilding Co., Camden, N. J. ’79

''’May, Jesse J., Mine Mgr Alma G. M. Co., Idaho Springs, Colo. ’01

Maynard, George W., Min. and Metl. Engr., 20 Nassau St., NewYork, N.Y. ’71

Maynard, Rea E., Civil Engr P. 0 Box 721, Honolulu, Hawaii. ’94

Mayo, James H., Coal Operator... Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana, So. America. ’82 Meaker, W. L\throp, Chemist, Spanish- Amer. Iron Co.,

Daiquiri, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. ’00 *Means, Ellison C., Pres, and Gen. Mgr., Low Moor Iron Co. of Va.,

Low Moor, Va. ’88

*Means, John H., Min. Engr., Care Bewick, Moreing & Co.,

20 Copthall Ave , London, E. C , England. ’97 Meeker, David M., Foundry Supt., Care S J. Meeker,

95 Clay St, Newark, N. J. ’91

*Meeks, Reginald, Metallurgical Engr., Griffin Wheel Co Chicago, 111. ’02

*Megraw, Herbert A., Met., Guanajuato Cons. M. M. Co.,

Apartado S3, Guanajuato, Mexico. ’01 Meier, Edward D., Pres, and Chief Engr., Heine Safety Boiler Co,,

11 Broadway, New*’ York, N. Y. ’86 Mein, William W., Mgr., Durban Roodeport Deep, Ltd ,

Box 110, Roodeport, Transvaal, So. Africa, ’00 Meissner, Carl A., Min. Engr., Dominion I. &S. Co., Sydney, C. B.,

Nova Scotia. ’00

Meistee, Herman 0 2930 Geyer Ave., St. Louis, Mo. ’77

*Mblla, Fritz Keystone, S. Dakota. ’01

Mblliss, D. Ernest, Cons. Min. and Civ- Engr., 208 California St.,

San Francisco, Cal. ’00

'Melter, Gustav E., Min. Engr. and Met Bourne, Baker Co,, Oregon. ’00

‘Merger, John W., Genl. Mgr., So. American Development Co.,

P. 0. Box 336, Guayaquil, Ecuador, and 16 Broad St., New York, N. Y. ’97 Merger, William A., Min. Engr., Bloomfield House, 85 London Wall,

London, E. C., England. ’92

Members And Associates.

*Meectje, Eobeet S., Div. Supt Lehigh Yalley Coal Co., Centralia, Pa. ’00

*Meeeice:s, Feank, Min. Engr., 5 Great Winchester St.,

London, E. C., England. ’92

Meeeill, Chaeles W., Met Homestake M. Co., Lead, So. Dak. ’92

*Meeeill, Edwaed P., Genl, Supt U. S. Coal Oil Co., Logan, W. Va. ’01

*Meeeill, Feedeeice: J. H., State Geologist, New York State Museum,

Albany, N.Y. ’85

*Meeey, Hexey G , Genl. Mgr Montana Coal & Coke Co., Horr, Mont. ’89

IMeeeyweathee, Geoege, Genl. Western Agt., Coxe Bros. Co., Inc.,

601 The Eookery, Chicago, 111. ’80 *Messitee, Edwin H , Supt. of Construction, Care Federal Lead Co.,

705 Olive St, St Louis, Mo. ’01 *Messlee, Eugene L., Genl. Supt, Blast Furnace & Coke Wks.,

Jones & McLaughlin, Ltd., Pittsburg. Pa. ’97 Metcalf, Alfeed T., Genl. Mgr., United Eeefs (Sheba), Ltd.,

Eureka, Transvaal, S. Africa. ’91

*Metcalf, Oelando, Treas Verona Tool Works, Pittsburg, Pa. ’79

Metcalf, William 1 Fulton St, Pittsburg, Pa. ’94

Metcalfe, G. W., Genl. Smelter Foreman, Anaconda Cop. M. Co.,

Anaconda, Mont ’96 ,

*Meyee, a. E 403 New England Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. ’86

Middleton, W. B., Min. Engr., 671 Salisbury House, London Wall,

London, E. C., England. ’92

*Millen, Loeing E 149 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’01

*Millee, Alfred S., Prof, of Mining, Met. and Geology.. .Moscow, Idaho. ’98 *Millee, Charles L., Genl. Supt, Am. Steel & Wire Co.,

Tradesmen Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. ’93

Miller, Charles W., Min. Engr Denver Athletic Club, Denver, Colo. ’84

*Miller, D. Irving, Supt. of Furnace Division, Tenn. Coal, Iron

& E. R. Co., Sheffield, Ala. ’02 *Miller, Edmund H., Prof, of Anal. Chem. and Assaying,

Columbia Univ., New York, N. Y. ’95

*Millee, Harry E 331 Pine St, San Francisco, Cal. ’01

*Miller, Harry H., Min. Engr., Met. and Chem., Balzac Valley Co.,

13 Park Eow, New York, N. Y. ’95 *Miller, Harry W., Cons. Engr., Atlas Engine Wks , Capetown, So. Africa. ’92 *Miller, James, Supt., Sad Bento Gold Estates, Ltd.,

Minas Geraes, Brazil, So. America. ’95

*Millee, John, Min. Engr 6 Woodlands, Langside, Glasgow, Scotland. ’97

*Millee, Joseph, Mine Supt, Golden Age Cons , Ltd.,

Wiliena, Lake Way, Western Australia. ’99 *Miller, Leonard B., Iron Ore. Oglebay, Norton & Co., 67 Wade Bldg.,

Cleveland, Ohio. ’93

Miller, Spencer, Mech. Engr 96 Liberty St, New York, N. Y. ’90

*Miller, W. Clayton, Min. Engr , Mgr., Empire State-Idaho

Min. and Dev. Co., Wardner, Idaho. ’95 Miller, William P., Jr., Met, Selby Sm. & Lead Co.,

416 Montgomery St., San Francisco, Cal. ’93 *Mills, Charles E., Supt., Detroit Cop. M. Co., of Arizona.. Morenci, Ariz. ’90

*]V[iLLS, Eugene C., Min. Engr Minot, N. Dakota. ’01

*Mills, Frank P., Supt Merced G. M. Co., Coulterville, Cal. ’83

*Mills, Louis D.. .P* 0. Box 91, Lead, So. Dakota. ’01

Members And Associates.

Mixard, Frederick H., Min. Engr.. ..410 Equitable Bldg., Denver, Colo,

Mikehak, Michael M., Assayer Gabriel, Durango, Mexico. ’9S

*Mikgaye, John C. H., Analyst, Chem. Laboratory, Dept, of Mines,

Sydney, New South Wales. '91

AIitchell, D. P., Min. Engr Care Bewick, Moreing & Co.,

Auckland, New Zealand. '97

*Mitchell, George, Met Greene Cons. Cop. Co., Naco, Ariz. '99

Mitchell, Pentecost, Mine Supt Hibbing, Minn. '97

Mitchell, Robert, Miner and Shipper of Coal,

The North American Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. '86 Mitchell, Walter K., Blast Furnace Specialties, W. K. Mitchell & Co.,

Betz Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. '92

*Mitghener, Charles E., Min. Engr New Philadelphia, Ohio. '99

*]Mitinsky, Alexander N., Prof, of Mining, Academy of Empress

Catherine IL, St. Petersburg, Russia '00

*Mixer, Charles T., Chem Park City, Utah. '97

Mixsell, Philip, Min. and Milling 1266 Downing Ave., Denver, Colo. '02

*Moen, Philip W., 3d Vice-Pres., Amer. Steel and W ire Co. , W orcester, Mass. '82

*Moffat, a. D Granite Bi-metallic Cons. M. Co., Philipsburg, Mont. '88

Moffat, John Irvinehank, No. Queensland, Australia. '02

*Mohe, Louis, Secy, and Cons. Engr 32 Illinois St., Chicago, 111. '88

*Moldenke, Richard G. G., Cons. Met., P. O. Box 432, New York, N. Y. '98 *Molson, Charles A., Cons. Engr., Exploration Co., Ltd.,

Dooly Bldg., Salt Lake City, Utah. '87 Monell, Ambrose, Pres., International Nickel Co., 74 Broadway,

P. 0. Box 1325, New York, N. Y. '02

Monell, Joseph T Flat River, St. Fran9ois Co., Mo. '81

Montagu, Ralph L., Supt., Power Plant, Union G. D. Co.,

Centerville, Idaho. '01

**Montgomery, Alexander, Min. Engr. <fc Geol., State Mining Engr. Dept.

of Mines, Perth, Western Australia. '94 *Moody, Bubdett, Civil & Mining Engr., with Homestake M. Co.,

Lead, So. Dakota. '96

*Moore, Charles J-, Min. Engr P. 0. Box 548, Cripple Creek, Colo. '82

*Moore, Clinton H., Mining 328 East Broadway, Butte, Mont. '94

*Mooee, George, Agent, Amer. Sm. & Ref. Co., 135 So. 11th St., East,

Salt Lake City, Utah. '97

*Moorb, Marshall G., Min. Engr Cambria Steel Co., Johnstown, Pa. '86

*Mooeb, Milton J., Chief Chem 111. Steel Co., Joliet Wks., Joliet, 111. '98

*Mooee, Philip N., Cons. Min. Engr. and GeoL,

121 Laclede Bldg, St. Louis, Mo. '74

*Moegan, Charles H 21 Lincoln St,, Worcester, Mass. '74

Morgan, Joseph, Chief Engr Cambria Steel Co., Johnstown, Pa. '81

Morison, George S., Civil Engr 49 Wall Street, New York, N. Y. '79

*Morley, B. F., Mine and Smelter Mgr Buena Vista, Colo. '95

*Morley, Horatio T., Min. Engr., Lumber Merchant,

23 Kauter isidg., Detroit, Mich. '97

Mobley, Walter S., Instr. Assaying Univ. of Cal., Berkeley, Cal. '02

Morris, Charles E., Min. Engr. and Assayer Pony, Mont. '00

Morris, Frank H., Civil and Min. Engr., Guildhall Chambers,

Cardiff, So. Wales. '00 .Apartado 79, Durango, Durango, Mexico. '02

Morris, Frank L

Members And Associates.

Morris, Fred. L Oneida Gold Min. M. Co , Jackson, Cal. ’01

Morris, Henry C., Min. Engr., Reno Reduction Wks.,

Box 543, Reno, Hevada. ’02

Morris, Henry G., Engr. and Machinist, 408 Philadelphia Bourse,

Philadelphia, Pa. ’84

tf Morris, Israel W 225 So. 8th St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’75

*Morris, James, Min. Engr., The Chauntry House,

N'ewark-on-Trent, England. ’98 ftMoRRis, Rey. Richard J., Vicar of St. Paul’s Church,

248 South 3d St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’92 'Morris, William H., Iron Merchant, Morris, Wheeler & Co.,

400 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’81

*Moreison, Charles E., Civ. Engr Care B & M. Co., Butte, Mont. ’02

*Moreison, Edwin, Engr. and Asst. Mgr., Continental . Co.,

400 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. Pa. ’01 Morrison, Thomas, Genl. Supt ., Edgar Thomson Steel Wks., Braddock, Pa. ’96

*Morse, H. G.j Pres Hew York Shipbuilding Co., Camden, H. J. ’81

*Morse, Philip S Sulphide Corpu., Cockle Creek, Hew So. Wales. ’84

fMoRSE, Robert G Solar Motor Wks., 186 Devonshire St , Boston, Mass. ’99

*Morse, WYllard S., Genl. Mgr., Amer. Sm. & Ref. Co.,

Apartado A, Aguascalientes, Mexico. ’92 *Morton, Roscoe B., Mine Mgr... Tropic M. Co., etc., Idaho Springs, Colo. ’00

*Moses, Horace Santa Rita, Hew Mex. ’01

Mosley, Arthur, Genl. Mgr., Warden Gold Min. Co.,

Cassilis, Victoria, Australia. ’97

**Mosman, P, a., Met Eilers Plant, Amer. Sm. & Ref. Co., Pueblo, Colo. ’94

*Moss, Prof. Milton, Min. Engr Huntsville, Ala ’82

*Mott, Leslie C., Assayer and Met., Guanecevi M. Co.,

Guanecevi, Durango, Mexico. ’98

*Moulden, John C., Asst. Mgr. & Chief of Metl. Dept., Sulphide Corp., Ltd.,

Cockle Creek Wks., Cockle Creek, Newcastle, Hew South Wales. ’97 *Moulder, Hamilton L., Chem., Barranca Copper Co.,

Barranca del Cobre, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’99 Moule, John W., Met. Chemist, Sulphide Corporation, Ltd.,

Cockle Creek, Hew South Wales, ’01

Moxham, Edoar C 80 William St., Hew York, H. Y. ’91

Mudd, Seeley W., Engr. of Mines, Mine Mgr Leadville, Colo. ’83

*Mugoley, Henry H., Genl. Mgr., Hational Sm. Co.,

402Tremont Bldg., Boston, Mass. ’01

*Muir, David, Engr Trinity Cop. Co., Rennet, Cal. ’02

*Muir, Thos. R., Min. Engr. and Mine Owner, 54 McRay Bldg., Portland, Ore. ’ 01 *Munbo, Charles H., Supt., Oroville Gold Dredging & Exploration Co.,

Oroville, Cal, ’99

**Munroe, Charles E., Prof, of Chem., Columbian Univ., Washington, D. C. ’95 Munroe, Henry S., Prof, of Mining, School of Mines, Columbia Univ.,

'Hew York, H.Y. ’72

Murdoch, Charles R., Mgr., Standard Min. Co., Contact, Park Co. Mont. ’02 *Murphy, Thomas D., Secy., El Oro Mining & Ry . Co. , Ltd. , El Oro, Mexico. ’96 *Murray, Charles B., Chief Chem,, Edgar Thomson Steel Wks.,

Carnegie Steel Co., Braddock, Pa. ’90 fMuRBAY, F. Doug-las, Assayer, Jumpers Deep,

P. 0. Box 1056, Johannesburg, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’97

Membees And Associates.

**MiJRRAy, George, Civ. and Min. Engr ..112 W. 80th St., New York, N.Y. ’82

Murray, James J., Asst. Sm. Supt Keswick, Cal. ’02

, a. D., Enterprise Aline Collingswood, Ont., Canada. ’02

*AIessex, Horace AY., Min. Engr., Supt., Enterprise Mine,

Nelson, B. C., Canada. ’00

AIyers, James AAA, Supt., R. AL S. Co Buena Vista, Colo. ’01

AIyrice:, Charles AI., Alin. Engr 2709 Pine St., San Francisco, Cal. ’97

*Nack, Charles, Min. Engr. and Aline Owner,

Caixa 46, Bahia, Brazil, So. America. ’00

*Nahl, Arthur C., Alin. Engr Llano, Sonora, Alexico. ’02

Nardin, Errest ay., Alin. & Alet. Engr.,

Kirtling,” Chatswood, New So. AYales. ’01

Nason, Frank, L AYest Haven, Conn. ’91

Nathan, Albert F., Jr., Asst. Examiner, U. S. Patent Office,

AYashington, D. C. ’00

Nau, John B., Algr United Steel Co., Canton, O. ’02

*Nawatny, AYilliam F., Alin. Engr., Texas Alidland Ey Co.,

Lock Box 95, Terrell, Texas. ’01

**Neale, Arthur Leggett, Aline Algr., Glynns Lydenburg, G. M. Co.,

Ltd., P. O. Lydenburg Transvaal, S. Africa. ’97 **Nebeker, AYilliam G., Chern. and Supt. of Mines,

35 East 1st North St., Salt Lake City, Utah. ’99

Nepf, Jacob H., Aline Supt Colfax, Cal. ’97

*Neill, James AY., Cons. Alin, and Aletl. Engr.,

Room 510, Dooly Blk., Salt Lake City, Utah. ’79

*Neill, AYilliam L Solvay Process Co., Syracuse, N. Y. ’80

*Neilson, Thomas, Metl. and Chemist, 424 O’ Farrell St., San Francisco, Cal. ’97 Neilson, William G., Pres , Republic AI. & AI. Co.,

1111 Harrison Bldg., Phiiadelplua, Pa. ’72

Nelson, DeWitt C., Alin. Engr. Grantville, Ga. ’99

Nesbitt, Martin J., Alech. and Alin. Engr., Becerra, Nesbitt & Co.,

Urique, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’97

*Nesmith, John AY"., Pres Colorado Iron AYorks Co., Denver, Colo. ’96

*Neustaei)tee, Arthur 2727 Glasgow Ave., St. Louis, Mo. ’86

*Newhall, CHARtEsS., Alin. Engr Ouray, Colo. ’01

*Newman, AIaurice A Chinipas, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’01

Newsom, John F., Assoc. Prof, of Min. and Met Stanford Univ , Cal. ’95

fNEWTON, Chauncey G 912 Neil Ave., Columbus, Ohio. ’91

*Newton, Edwin W., Geol 212 E. Chesnut St., Carthage, Mo. ’97

*Nichol, Thomas, Civ. and Alin. Engr., Care McKell Coal & Coke Co.,

Glen Jean, W. Va. ’96

**Nicholas, Askin AI., Mine Mgr., Bank Place, Collins St.,

Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ’00 *Nicholls, George A., Assayer and Chem..William St, Deadwood, So. Dak. ’01

*Nichols, Harvey B., Metallurgist Selby S. & L. Co., Selby, Cal. ’02

*Nichols, Henry W., Asst Curator of Geol., Field Columbian Museum,

Chicago, 111. ’00

*Nichols, j. Clayton, Alin. Engr Grand Junction, Colo. ’95

*Nichols, Ralph, Civil and Min. Engr 140 Burton St, Aurora, 111. ’93

*Nichols, William H., Jr., Min. Engr., Nichols Chem. Co., Pres., San

Carlos Cop. Co., 25 Broad St, New York, N. Y. ’98

Members And Associates.

Nicholson, Frank, Cons. Min. Engr., Man. Dir., Anglo-Amer. Zinc Fields,

Ltd., McKinley Bldg., Joplin, Mo., 253 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’80 Nicholson, Hudson H., Prof, of Chem., Dir. School of Mines & Metal- lurgy, Univ. of Nebraska, 404 Peoples Bank Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’01 *Nicolaus, George R., Cons, Min. Engr., Mercer, Nicolaus & Co.,

Bloomfield House, 85, London Wall, E. C., England. ’01

*Nicode, Benjamin 68 Wall Sc., New York, N. Y. ’92

Nicolson, Geo. W Idaho Springs, Colo. ’02

“Nicolson, Robert B...Ivanhoe Gold Corp., Ltd.., Boulder, W. Australia. ’02 Nis, Edward A., Min. Eng., Crown Reef G. M. Co.,

Box 1081 , Johannesburg, So. Africa. ’02 *Nisb;io, Keijiro, Mine Inspector, 7 Konya St., Shidzuoka City,

Suruga, Japan. ’00

*Noble, Albert E Woodstock Iron Wks., Anniston, Ala. ’90

*Noble, Louis S., Min, Engr 930 Equitable Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’89

*Noon, Edward E., Supt. Santa Rosalia Aline, Arizpe, care Pico Co.,

Sonora, Alexico. ’97

*Noon, Thomas F., Genl. Mgr Illinois Zinc Co., Peru, 111. ’01

Norman, John E., Chem. and Assay er, 302 Alining Exchange,

Denver, Colo. ’99

fNoRBiE, A. Laneear 41 Wall St., New York, N. Y. ’90

*Norris, Frank: Lee, Mgr., Don Carlos and Eureka Cons. Mining Co.,

Apartado 79, Durango, Durango, Mexico. ’02 *Norris, R. Van A,, Asst Engr., Penn R.R. Coal Co., 1st Nat. Bk. Bldg.,

Wilkes-Barre, Pa. ’85

*North, Edmund D., Alin. Eng Grub Gulch, Aladera Co., Cal. ’02

Norton, Edwin, Pres Amer. Can Co., 11 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’97

**Nobton, R. H.j Alin. Engr., 1242 New Hampshire Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. ’98

*Noyes, Henry, Engr 17 Queen St., Melbourne, Australia. ’99

Noyes, Dr. W. a Amer. Chem. Soc., Terre Haute, Ind. ’02

*Noyes, William S., Min. Engr., Algr Presideo M. Co., Shafter, Texas. ’84

Nye, Robert, Min. Engr., Mgr., Moline M. Co., Oaks M. Co.,

Placerville, Idaho. ’98

Oakes, Francis J., Jb., Man. Engr., Care Oakes Alfg. Co.,

58 Pearl St., Boston, Alass. ’98

*Oddie, Tasker L., Mining Butler, Nye Co., Nev. ’02

*Odling, F. J., Civil Engr P. O. Box 314, G. P. O., Melbourne, Australia. ’93

*Op, Charles, Supt. of Alill Enterprise, via New Denver, B. C., Canada. ’97

*Oglebay, Earl W., Iron Mfg 38 Wade Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. ’80

Oglesby, Milton L., Mechanical and Min. Engr.,

429 Atlas Block, Salt Lake City, Utah. ’02 *Olcott, Eben E., Cons. Min. Engr., Olcott, Corning & Peele,

36 Wall St, New York, N. Y. ’74

*Olcott, William j., Genl. Supt,U. S. Steel Corp. Mines oii Mesahi Range,

Pres., Duluth, Mesahi & N. Ry., Duluth, Minn. ’87 *Oldoeep, Adolph, Examining Engr.,

P. 0. Box 852, Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’90

Oliver, Edwin L., Min. Engr 101 Vernon St, Oakland, Cal. ’02

f Oliver, Gen. Paul A., . of Powder Oliver’s Mills, Pa. ’71

OoTHOUT, William, Min. Engr and Chemist Santa Barbara, Cal. ’90

Wrd, William D., Genl. Mgr., Coal and Coke Plant, Empire Coal &

Coke Co., Landgraff, W. Va. ’88

Membbes’And Associates.

*Ordo:nez, Ezeqtjiee, Sub Dir., Inst. Geol. de Mexico,

la Presidente 1245, Mexico Citj, Mexico. ’00 Oedway, J. M., Prof, of Biology, Tnlane Uniy.,

3125 Chestnut St., New Orleans, La. ’73

*Orfoed, Ernest V., Mine Mgr De Lamar, Idaho. ’02

*Oemrod, George, Mgr. and Treas., Donaldson Iron Co.,

Emaus, Lehigh Co., Pa. ’81

*Ormrod, John D., Mech Engr Emaus, Lehigh Co., Pa. ’89

*Ormsbee, James J., Asst. Supt El Paso Sm. Wks., El Paso, Texas. ’87

O’Eotjrke, Michael 243 So Fifth vSt., Salt Lake City, Utah. ’99

*Orr, Alexander Anal. Chem. and Assayer,

SSBligh St., Sydney, New South Wales. ’01

*Orr, William, Met P. O. Box 953, Salt Lake City, Utah. ’97

Osborne, Francis D., Min. and Conslt. Engr., Ipoh, Perak, Straits Settle- ments, Malay Peninsula. ’’00

*OsBORNE, Henry Z., U. S. Marshal Southern Dist. of Cal., Pres. Union Con.

Gold Mines Co., 740 So. Hope St., Los Angeles, Cal. ’00

Osgood, F. C., Min. Engr Band Drill Co., 128 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’87

*OsGOOD, Samuel W., Jr 15 Temple Court Bldg., Chicago, 111. ’00

**OsHiMA, Bohtjro, Dir. & Genl. Mgr., Hokkaido Colliery & E.R. Co..

Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. ’97 Osmond, Floris 83 Boulevard des Courcelles, Paris, France.

Ostrander, J. E., Prof, of Engineering and Math., Mass. Agric. College,

Amherst, Mass. ’94

Oswald, William, Genl. Mgr., Bombach Iron & Steel Co., Bheinzollstrasse

6, Coblentz, Germany. ’99

*Overpece:, a. L., Assayer Rapid City, So. Dakota. ’02

*OwEN, JosiAH, Min. Engr. and Geol Medford, Ore. ’00

*OxNAM, Thomas H., Genl. Mgr Chinepas, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’91

*Packard, George A., Min. Engr 18 Lafayette St., Wakefield, Mass. ’92

Paddock, J. H St. Johnsbury, Vt. ’82

*Page, Clarence Y., Asst. Engr Anaconda Cop. M. Co., Butte, Mont. ’00

Page, George S., Supt., Park Wks. Crucible Steel Co. of Am.,

Care Park Works, Pittsburg, Pa. '86

*Page, Walter T Omaha & Grant Sm. Ref. Co., Omaha, Neb. ’82

*Page, William Byrd 932 Equitable Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’77

*Page, William N., Civil Engr. and Min. Engr., Pres., Gauley Mt.

Coal Co., Ansted, W. Va. ’SO

*Pagliuchi, Frank D., Care J. Eamacciotti, 164 W. 27th Street,

New York, N. Y. ’01

fPAiNTER, Augustus E. W., Pres Peoples Nat. Bank, Pittsburg, Pa. ’73

fPAiNTER, Park, Mfr 247 Fourth Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. ’90

Painter, Robert K., Min. Engr Cabin Branch Mine, Dumfries, Ya. ’97

Painter, William, Mech. Engr 1523 Guilford Ave., Baltimore, Md. ’93

*Palacios, JosEi G., Federal Assay Officer, Chief, Oficina Federal de Ensaye,

Monterey, N. L., Mexico. ’98

*Palmer, Cortlandt E., Min. Engr., Genl. Mgr., Mollie Gibson Con. M. &

M. Co., P. 0. Box 668, Colorado Springs, Colo. ’89

*Palmeb, Edward Y., Min. Engr 723 30th St, Denver, Colo. ’92

Palmer, Ernest E Two Sisters M. <fe M. Co., Lawsrm, Colo. ’02

*Palmer, Obed a., Min. Engr , Ontario & Daly Mines, Room 8 Masonic

Bldg., Salt Lake City, Utah. ’87

Members Associates.

Palmer, Egbert E., Min. Engr., Mgr., Underground Dept., Eio Tinto

Aline, Province Huelva, Spain. '00 Palmer, Thomas H,, Aline Algr. and Alet., Overflow Alines,

Bobadali, Eew Soutli ATales. ’ 99

Pardee, I. P,, Alin. Engr., Pres Hazleton Iron AVks, etc., Hazleton, Pa. '73

*Parfet, J. AI National Hotel, Cripple Creek, Colo. '99

*Pare:, James, Prof, of Alining and Dir., Otajo Univ. School of Alines,

Dunedin, New Zealand. '97

Park, AIungo, Alin. Engr Plas Trevor, Llanduno, No. AAales. ’02

*Park, Walter E , Engr. and Algr., Fraser & Chalmers, Ltd.,

P. O. Box 619, Johannesburg, Transvaal, S. Africa. '92

*Pare:e, WilliAxM G., AA Pres People’s Coal Co , Scranton, Pa. ’91

Parker, Edward W U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C. '90

*Parker, J. L., Alin. Engr. and Alanager, North Star Alin. Co., '

Kimberley, B. C., Canada. '97

*Pare:er, ErcHARD A., Cons. Alin. Engr., U. S. Alfg. Co., Centennial-Eureka

Alfg. Co., etc., 4 P. 0. Square, Boston, Alass. '82

Parker, Eussell 3405 Oakhill Ave., St. Louis, Mo. '82

5<-Parker, Willard J., Aline Algr Apartado 83, Chihuahua, Mexico. '02

Parker, William J., Jr 65 Brainard Ave , Cleveland, Ohio. '98

*Parkih, Charles, Dir Crescent Steel Co., Pittsburg, Pa. '75

fPARKiN, AVilliam AI New Kensington, Pa. '01

*Parks, James F., Supt Kennedy & South Eureka Alines, Jackson, Cal. '00

Parnall, S. a 900 Alesa Ave., El Paso, Texas. '90

Parrish, Samuel F., Aline Algr. C." Chartered Co., Ltd.,

Greenwood, B. C., Canada. '97

*Parsons, Charles B St. Joseph Lead Co., Bonne Terre, AIo. '74

Parsons, William B., Civil Engr 22 AVilliam St., New York, N. Y. '91

*Passow, Fredh. AI., Alin. Engr., Boeh. & Pittsburg C. & S. Co„

Punxsutawney, Pa. '02

*Patch, AIaurice B., Supt Buffalo Sm. Wks., Buffalo, N. Y. '83

*Patersoh, Edward A., Alin. Engr., Care E. AI. Touzeau & Co.,

31 St. S within’ s Lane, London, England. '00

Paterson, Geo. A Orgaum Gold Alg. Co., Alysore State, So. India. '01

Pattberg, Otto F., Alin. Engr., Montgomery AI. Co., Camden,

Alontgomery Co., N. C. '00

*Pattersoh, George H., Aline Supt 232 So. 13th St., Denver, Colo. '99

'Patterson, G- S., Civil and Min. Engr.,

400 Opera House Blk., Terre Haute, Ind. '88 *Pattebsoh, E. P., Agent, Bachman's System of Water Purification,

1001 Harrison Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. '86 *Paxtersoh, Seely B., Treas. & Asst, to Pres., Empire Steel & Hon Co.,

Catasauqua, Pa. '88

fPATTisoN, Myrox A., Aletallurgist 1360 Vine vSt., Denver, Colo. '02

*Paul, Hexry, Mgr Aspen Mine, P. O. Box 596, Denver, Colo. '89

Pattli, Dr. H., Met. Engr., 14®' Junghofstrasse,

Frankfurt-on-Main, Germany. '02

*Payxe, a. C., Min. and Met. Engr Apartado 59, Durango, Mexico. '91

Payxe, C. Q., Min. Engr 99 John St., New York, N. Y. '81

Payxe, Herbert G-., Stettin Lodge, St. Faith’s Boad, West Norwood,

London, England. '97

Pearce, Frark E., Mine Mgr., Iron Dyke Copper Mining Co.,

Homestead, Ore. '00

Members And Associates.

*Peaece, Haeold V., Metallurgist Boston & Colo. Sni. Co., Argo, Colo. '01

**Peaece, Eichard Argo, Colo. '74

*Peaece, Eichard F., Met., Mgr Colorado Sm. and M. Co, Butte, Mont. '99

*Peaece, Stanley H., Mining Magdalena, Sonora, Mexico. '96

*Peaesall, H. D., Civil Engr.,

21 Parliament Hill, Hampstead, X. W., London, England. '82 **Pearse, Arthur L., Cons. Min. Engr.,

Worcester House, Walbrook, London, E. C., England. '90

Peabse, John B 317 Walnut Ave., Eoxbury, Mass. '72

*Pearson, Feed. S., Cons. Engr., Eoom 220, 29 Broadway, 'New York, X. Y. '96

Pearson, John E., Min. Engr 118 Princes Eoad, Liverpool, England. '82

Pearson, J. F., Min. Engr., James Martin & Co.-Gawler, South Australia. '93-

*Pease, F. X P. O. Box 210, Altoona, Pa. '82

Pechin, Edmund C., Eetired Torega, Va. '71

, John S The Colonial, 6325 Monroe St., Chicago, 111. '92

Peck, Clarence B., Sales Agent Jeffrey Mfg. Co., Columbus, Ohio. '00

Peckitt, Leonard, Pres Empire Steel & Iron Co., Catasauqna, Pa. '83

Pbdley, William E., Genl. Mgr. and Chief Engr., San Jacinto Land Co.,

515 Magnolia Ave , Eiverside, Cal. '91

*Pei)Razzini, John, Mine Owner Locarno, Switzerland. '01

*Peele, Eobert, Adjunct Prof of Mining, School of Mines, Columbia XJniv.,

36 Wall St., Xew York, X. Y. '83

*Peile, William, Min. Engr.,

Southampton Lodge, Oakleigh Park, Whetstone, London, X. England. '97 Peirce, William H., Mgr., Balt. Cop, & Sm, & Boiling Co.,

Keyser Bldg., Baltimore, Md. '94

Pelatan, Louis, Cons. Engr. & Met 5 Square de 1' Opera, Paris, France. '94

*Pendleton, Joseph S., Asst. Supt. & Genl. Sales Agt.,

Carpenter Steel Co., Beading, Pa. '02

*Penhale, Matthew, Min. Engr Black Lake, Quebec, Canada. '91

*Pennock:, J. D., Chemist Solvay Process Co., Syracuse, X. Y. '89

*Peneose, R. A. F., Jr., Min. Engr. and GeoL, Pres., Commonwealth M.

and Milling Co. of Arizona, 460 Bullitt Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. '89

*Pentland, Walter, J 1921 Bush St., Los Angeles, Cal. '01

*Percy, John C., Mech. Engr Colo. Fuel and Iron Co., Pueblo, Colo. '02

*Perez, Richard A., Assayer and Anal. Chem.,

120 Xo. Main St., Los Angeles, Cal. '00

*Perin, Charles P., Cons. Engr..., 71 Broadway, New York, X. Y. '90

Perkins, Henry C., Min. Engr 38 Broad St., Xew York, N. Y. '81

Perkins, Walt. G Granby M. & S. Go, Grand Forks, B. C., Canada. '01

*Perry, Oscar B., Min. Engr Oroville, Cal. '01

*Perry, Robert S., Genl. Mgr., 5104 Pulaski Ave., Germantown, Phila., Pa. '95

Perry, W. a 7 East 56th St., New York, X. Y. '83

Peters, Edward H., Min. Engr 38 Percival St., Dorchester, Mass. '72

Peters, Richard 302 Girard Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. '84

Peters, Richard, Jr., Secy, and Treas., Solid Steel Casting Co.,

Chester, Pa. '02

*Petersdorpf, C. F. von, Min. Engr., Care Cuno von Campe,

481 Monroe St., Brooklyn, X. Y. '02 Peterson, Bertel, Genl. Mgr., Grand Central M. Co., Ltd.,

Torres, Sonora, Mexico. '00*

**Pettee, William H., Prof. Min, Econ., Geol. and Min. Engr.,

XJniv. of Michigan, 554 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, Mich. '71

Members Associates.

Ixxr

*Petttgbew, Chaeles, Gen. Supt., Maryland Steel Co., Sparrows Point, Md. ’84 *Pettit, Aethijb E., Min, Engr., Simmer & Jack East, Ltd.,

P. 0, Box 47, Germiston, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’98 Peeiffee, Geoege W., Civil Engr.,

Spanish-American Iron Co., Daiquiri, Cuba. ’97

*Pfoeete, Otto F., iVIin. Engr Rutherford, N. J. ’89

Philbeick, Aethite, Min. Engr 304 Abington Bldg., Portland, Ore. '02

*Philips, Joseph, Je., Con. Engr Ocotlan, Oaxaca, Mexico. ’95

Phillips, A. G P-0. Box 5793, Johannesburg, So. Africa. ’91

Phillips, Feancis C., Chemist, Prof , Chem., Western Dniv... Allegheny, Pa. ’94 **Phillips, Joseph L., Engr., Dir., Campania de Inguaran,

Ortega 28, Mexico City, Mexico. ’01 *Phillips, Thomas H., Proprietor, Phillips Rock Drill Co.,

40 No. 7th St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’87

Phillips, Wm. B., Director Texas M. Survey, Austin, Texas. ’87

*PiDDiHGTOH, F. L Chillagoe, Queensland, Australia. ’01

*PiERCE, James B., Genl. Mgr. of Sharpsville Furnace Co..Sharpsville', Pa. ’86

*PiLGEERiM, JohhJ Eureka, Utah. ’02

*PiLKiNGTON, Herbert, Genl. Wks. Mgr., Sheepbridge

Coal and Iron Co , Ltd., Chesterfield, England. ’98

fPiLLiNG, William S 614 Girard Bldg,, Philadelphia, Pa. ’91

*PiHCHOT, Gifford, Forester Dept, of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. ’98

*PiNDEE, Joseph W., Min. Engr., Genl. Mgr., Yosemite G. M. Co.,

Hotel Oliver, San Francisco, Cal. ’92

*PiHKHAM, W. F Hyde Park, Mass. ’82

*PiPEE, J. W. H Address wanting. ’99

*PiTCAiEN, Robert, Asst, to the Pres., P. R.R., Union Station,

Pittsburg, Pa. ’83

*PiTHiH, Lucitrs, Analyt. and Cons. Chem...20 Fletcher St., New York, N.Y. ’94 *PiTKiH, Stephen H., Genl. Mgr , Webster, Camp & Lane Co.,

642 W. Market St., Akron, Ohio. ’87 *PiTMAisr, Stephen M., Secy. Narragansett Mut. Fire Ins Co.,

721 Banigan Bldg., Providence, R. I. ’73 **Platee, John E., Banker, Los Angeles Savings Bank, 102 Baker Blk.,

Los Angeles, Cal. ’73

*Platt, Edwin H., Asst. Mgr., Denver Engineering Wks Co., Denver, Colo. ’02 *Platt, Frank E., Civil Engr., Asst. Treas., Scranton Coal Co.,

Board of Trade Bldg., Scranton, Pa. ’81 *Plxjemee, Adolph, Vice-Pres., Beveridge-Pluemer Co,,

10 Wall St., New York, N. Y. ’81

*, Robert E 302 Union Trust Bldg., Detroit, Mich. ’84

*Poage, Josiah G., Met., Broken Hill Proprietary Co., Ltd.,

Port Pirie, South Australia. ’92

*PoiNDEXTER, CHARLES L., Min. Engr., Tombstone Con. M. Co., Ltd.,

Tombstone, Ariz. ’02

*PoiNDEXTEB, Henry T., Surveyor and Assayer Dillon, Mont. ’97

*P0LLED0, Y., Genl. Mgr Matanzas E.E. Co., Matanzas, Cuba. ’89

*PoLLEN, Clement H., Mine Mgr Fort Steele, B. C., Canada. ’02

**PoLLOK, James H., Asst. Chem., Royal College Science... Dublin, Ireland. ’93

**PoMEBOY, James H 699 Hoyt St., Portland, Ore. ’89

*Poole, Herman 157 W. 106th Street, New York, N. Y. ’00

Pope, Frederick J...Care Ricketts & Banks, 104 John St., New York, N.Y. ’99

Members And Associates.

*PoPE, J. D., Min. Engr Butte & Boston Cons. Mining Co., Butte, Mont. ’91

PopE, Thomas E , Prof, of Genl. Chem., Mass. Inst, of Tech... Boston, Mass. ’86 ’Porter, H. Hobart, Jr., Cons. & Contracting Electrical Engineer,

Sanderson & Porter, 31 Nassau St., New York, N. Y. ’86

Porter, James M., Civil Engr 53 No. 3d St., Easton, Pa. ’91

Porter, Jamies McDill, Cons. Min. Engr., etc.,

P. O. Box 804, Spokane, Wash. ’00

*PoRTER, John A., Min. Engr Denver Club, Denver, Colo. ’74

'Porter, John B., Prof, of Min. Engineering, McGill Univ.,

Montreal, Canada. ’83

tPoRTEB, WiletamH.j Vicc-Pres , Chemical Nat. Bank,

270 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’99 PosTLETHWAiTE, ROBERT H-, Min. and Mech. Engr., Eisdon Iron Wks.,

San Prancisco, Cal. ’01

Potter, Edward C., Genl. Supt 7-57 The Rookery, Chicago, 111. ’79

*PoTTER, J. A 2002 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. ’90

Potter, Prof. William B., Min. Engr. and Met., Mgr., St. L. Samp. &

Test. Wks., 1225 Spruce St , St. Louis, Mo. ’71 "Potter, William C., Min. Engr., Care Dickman, Mackenzie & Potter,

1104 The Rookery, Chicago, 111. ’97 PoTTS, Francis L., Pres., Enterprise Transit Co.,

770 Bullitt Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ’82 "PoTTS, George E., Explosives Mfr., Supt., Amer. Forcite Powder Co.,

Landing, N. J. ’88

*Potts, George H., Pres Potts Bros. Iron Co., Ltd., Pottstown, Pa. ’88

'PoTTS, William M., Mgr Isabella Furnace, Wyebrook, Pa. ’86

’Powel, DeVeaux, Genl. N. Y. Agent, Sterling Coal Co.,

29 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’84 "Pow’'EL, Godwin H., Asst. Man. Dir., Mount Carbon Co., Ltd.,

Powellton, Fayette Co., W. Va. ’97

Powell, Frederick, Min. Engr 100 First St, Portland, Ore. ’95

*Powell, John H., Min. Engr...Elandslaagte, Dukes Ave., Chiswick,

London, S. W., England. ’00

Powell, Louis W,, Agent, Oliver Iron M. Co.,

312 Exchange Bldg., Duluth, Minn. ’00

*Powell, Robert W., Min. Engr Tararu Creek, Thames, New Zealand. ’01

**PowER, Frederick D., Min. Engr. and Met,

68 J Pitt Street, Sydney, New South Wales. ’91 *PowEB, Harold T., Min. Engr. & Mine Mgr., Hidden Treasure Gravel

M. Co., Sunny South, Michigan Bluff, Cal. ’97 *PowER, I. M., Min. Engr., Mng. Dr., T. Sopwith & Co., Ltd., and Brit

V. -Consul., Linares, Provincia de Jaen, Spain. ’88 Pratt, Joseph H., Cons. Min. Engr. and Mineralogist,

74 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’97 *Preston, Edmund B., Min. Engr., Asst. State Mineralogist, Cal. State

Min. Bureau, San Francisco, Cal. ’96

Price, Thomas, Min. Engr. and Met.,

526 Sacramento St., San Prancisco, Cal. ’85 *Priohard, William A., Genl. Mgr., Lake View Consols, Ltd.,

Boulder, Western Australia. ’98

'Peidham, Harvey, Min. Engr., West Harptree Vicarage, West Harptree,

near Bristol, England. ’96

Members And Associates.

Pringle, Henry A., Min. Engr.,

P. 0. Box 98, Bulawayo, Ehodesia, So. Africa. *97 ‘Pringle, Robert Wm., Min. Engr. ...18 Rutland Sq., Edinburg, Scotland. ’02 Pritchard, *VYilliam, Assayer and Reduction Officer, Mysore Gold

Mines, Alarikuppam, Mysore, India. ’00 Pritchett, C. W., Je., Min. Engr., Room 719, Mining Exchange Bldg.,

Denver, Colo. ’86

*Probert, Prank H., Min. Engr 231 Bradbury Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. ’00

*pROSSER, Herman A., Mgr DeLamar Copper Ref. Wks., Carteret, R. J. ’97

*Peovis, Richard 14 Benventon Terrace, Rederitb, Cornwall, England. ’91

*Provot, Francis A., Min. Engr P. 0. Box 755, Bisbee, Ariz. ’00

**PuLL]viAN, J. Wesley, Miner of Iron Ores, 238 So. 3d St..Pliiladelphia, Pa. ’81 PuLLON, Joseph T., Civil and Min. Engr., 75 Victoria Road,

Headingley, Leeds, England. ’91

*, John L., Min. Geol 10 Oxford St., Cambridge, Mass. ’02

*Purdue, Albert H., Prof, of Geol...Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Ark. ’97 *PuRiNGTON, Chester W., Min. Engr.. ..406 Harvard St., Brookline, Mass. ’96 *PijRINGton, D. V., Brick Mfr 922 Chamber of Commerce, Chicago, 111. ’00 Putnam, BenjImin R., Assayer, Montana Ore Purchasing Co., Butte, Mont. ’97 *Putnam, Douglas G., Genl. Supt., Ashland Coal & Iron R.R. Co.,

Ashland, Ky. ’99

*Quarrier, Keith D., Electrician.. ..508 Kanawha St., Charleston, W. Va. ’01 *Queneau, A. L. L, Min. Engr., Rew Jersey Zinc Co.,

Passaic Ave., Newark, N. J. ’02

tQuiBR, Edwin A., Secy., Reading Fire Brick Wks., 4th and Canal Sts.,

Reading, Pa. ’92

Quintard, Edward A., Min. Engr Batopilas M. Co., Batopilas, Mexico. ’89*

*Rader, Charles I., Genl. Mgr Annie Laurie M. Co., Kimberly, Utah. ’75

f Radford, William H., Min. Engr 310 Pine St., San Francisco, Cal. ’76

*Ragaz, Ivan, Supt. of Mines Sierra Mojada, Mexico. ’02

*Raht, August, Cons. Met., Amer. Sm. & Ref. Co.,

71 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’86

Ralston, John C., Min. Engr Ziegler Block, Spokane, Wash. ’98

Ralston, William C., Mine Mgr. 331 Pine St , San Francisco, Cal. ’90

Ramos, Ricardo G., Asst., Oficina Federal de Ensaye,

' Monterey, N. L., Mexico. ’98

*Ramsay, Erskine, Chief Engr. and V. Pres., Pratt Coal Co. and Globe Coal

Co., 2024 First Ave , Birmingham, Ala. ’88

*Eand, Charles F., Mine Owner 71 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’97

*Eand, Jasper R., Pres. ..Rand Drill Co., 128 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’00

*Rand, Theodore D., Lawyer 17 So. 3d St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’73

*Randall, Benjamin G., Min. Engr., Pres. & Treas. T. M. Co.,

Taos, New Mexico. ’99

Randall, Huntley B. S., Sec. & Genl. Mgr. of the Peralta Mining Co.,

Jimulco, Coahuila, Mexico. ’02 *Randol, James B., Mining & Beal Estate, 17 W. 73d St, New York, N. Y. ’79

Randolph, Beverley S., Mine Supt Cons. Coal Co., Frosthurg, Md. ’91

Randolph, Edward, Smelting 79 Passaic Ave., Newark, N. J, ’02

Randolph, John C. F.,'Cons. Min. Engr., Mills Bldg.,

15 Broad St, New York, N. Y. ’75-

Membeks And Associates.

*Ransome, Frederick Leslie, Min. and G-eoL, U. S. Geol. Survey,

Wastington, B. C. 01

Eathboene, Merwyn R. W., Mine Mgr Rilverton, B. C., Canada. 98

Ratliff, Charles L., Min. Engr. San Pedro, New Mexico. ’02

Battle, W. J., Anal. Chem 17 Mercantile Bank Bldg., Cleveland, Okio. '84

*Eaven, Feed. R., Supt., Coal Mines Nuttallburg, Fayette Co., W. Va. '01

Rawlings, Stuart L San Luis M. Co., San Dimas, Durango, Mexico. ’02

"Ray, Frakk A , Chief Engr. Columbus & Hocking Coal & Iron Co.,

187 King St., Columbus, Ohio. '90

"'Bayfield, John W., Min. Engr. Menzies, Western Australia. '98

*Ray"mond, R. M., Min. Engr., Genl. Mgr., El Oro Min. & E.R. Co.,

El Oro, Mexico, Mexico. '85

*Raymond, R. W., Secy., American Institute of Mining Engineers,

99 John St., New York, N. Y. '71 Raymond, Stephen S., Supt. of Smelter, Care The Copper King, Ltd.,

Bay Point P. O., Cal. '02

fREA, William H., Treas., Mesta Mach. Co., 708 Lewis Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. '86

’Read, Abraham L P. O. Box 186, Lead, So. Dak. '95

Reading, Richard W-, Assayer, New Gold Coast Agency, Ltd ,

Tarkwa, West Africa, '02

"Reckhart, Daniel W. , Prop., Independent Assay Office,

P. O. Box 88, El Paso, Texas. '01 *Recknagel, Rudolf, Min. Engr., 5 Koenig's Allee, Grunewald,

Berlin, Germany. '96

Redfearn, Albert M., Chemist Sultepec, Mexico, Mexico. '02

Redmayne, R. a. S., Prof, of Mining, The University,

Birmingham, England. '02

Eeed, David C., Min. Engr., Pilieys Island Pyrites Co.,

Pilleys Island, Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland. '01

*Reed, Henry S., Assayer and Met P. 0. Box 82, Medford, Ore. '98

*Rees, David, Min. Engr Wardner, Idaho. '00

Reese, Arnold K., Supt., Blast Furnaces, Care Guest, Keen & Co-, Ltd.,

East Moors, Cardiff, South Wales. '91

’Reeves, David, Pres Phoenix Iron Co., Philadelphia, Pa. '86

*Regel, Ferdinand H., Secy., Arthur Fritsch Foundry & Machine Co.,

212 Gratiot St., St. Louis, Mo. '00

*Beid, John Alex., Min. Engr North Brookfield, Nova Scotia. '02

*Reid, JohnH., Mine Owner... “Stannum." Tenterfield, New South Wales. '91

*Remsen, Ira, Prof, of Chem Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, Md. '97

Reno, Jesse W., Min. Engr., Pres., Reno Inclined Elevator Co.,

551 W. 35th St., New York, N.Y. '87 Renshaw , William E., Mgr., Cons. Gem Mine & Newton Cone. Wks.,

Idaho Springs, Colo. '00

*Renwick, Charles W., Asst. Genl. Mgr., Ducktown Sulp. Cop. I. Co.,

Isabella, Tenn. '02

*Requa, Mark L,, R.R. President, Mine Owner and Operator,

715 Hayward Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. '00 *Revell, George E., Min. Engr., Peterboro Hydraulic Power Co.,

Peterboro, Ont., Canada. '00 *Revebe, Joseph W., Min. Engr., Dominion Coal Co.,

Glace Bay, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, '81 *Revett, Benjamin S., Cons. Engr. and Genl. Mgr., American Gold

Dredging Co., Breckenridge, Colo. '96

Members Axd Associates.

**Reynolds, Geoege B.j Min. and Alet. Engr., Care Imperial Ottoman

Bank, Bagdad, via Bombay. ’91

**Reynoli)S, Llewellyn la Independencia, 36, Mexico City, Mexico. ’02

*Rhodes, Chaeles, Metl. Engr., Genl. Mgr., N. Z. IMines Trust, Ltd.,

Shortland St., Auckland, New Zealand. ’98 Rhodes, Feancis B. F., Supt., National Plant, Amer. Sm. & Ref. Co.,

East-Side Station, Chicago, 111. 76

*Rice, Geoege S., Deputy Chief Engr , Rapid Transit R.R. Commission,

320 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’86 *Eice, Geoege Samuel, Cons. Min. Engr. and Genl. ., Whitebreast

Fuel Co. of 111., 734 The Rookery Bldg., Chicago, 111. ’96 Rice, John, Vice-Pres. and Genl. Supt., Duerr Contracting Co.,

So. Bethlehem, Pa. ’92

Rice, John A Min. Engr., Copper Queen Con. M. Co., Douglas, Ariz. ’00

*Rice, John F S. A. A. Club, Spokane, Wash. ’00

Rich, Feancis a., Min. and Electrical Engr., Genl Mgr., Woodstock

G. M. Co., Karan gahake. New Zealand. ’94

fRiCH, Jacob M., Min. Engr 50 W. 38th St, New York, N. Y. ’83

*Rich, William, Min. Engr Trevu, Camborne, Cornwall, England. ’88

**RrcHABD, George A., Metl. Engr., Mt. Morgan G. M. Co., Ltd.,

Queensland, Australia. ’97

**Richaeds, Edgar, Chem 341 W. 88th St., New York, N. Y. ’79

Richards, Ellen H., Instructor in Sanitary Chem., Mass. Inst, of Tech.,

Boston, Mass. ’79

Richards, F. B., Chem M. A. Hanna, Cleveland, Ohio. ’90

*Richards, Heney P. 0. Box 108, Dover, N. J. ’77

*Richards, John T Salem House, Scorries, Cornwall, England. ’84

*Richards, John W., Assayer and Chem 1754 Champa St., Denver, Colo. ’91

*Richards, Robert H., Prof, of Min. Engr. & Met, Mass. Inst, of Tech.,

Boston, Mass. ’73

Richards, Thomas, Min. Engr., Supt., Nundydroog Co., Ltd.,

Oorgaum, Mysore, S. India. ’92

*Rtchards, W. J., Min. Engr Wilkes-Barre, Pa. ’90

Richmond, Albert B., Assayer, Patagonia Sampling Works,

Nogales, Ariz. ’01

Richmond, William H Richmond Hill, Scranton, Pa. ’87

**Eickard, Edgar, Cons. Min. Engr., El Progresso Mine,

Triunfo, Lower Cal., Mexico. ’96

Rickard, Forbes, Min. Engr ..508 Equitable Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’92

Rickard, Harold, Min. Engr., Care A. Chester Beatty,

523 McPhee Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’97 *Rick:ard, Richard D., Secy, and Treas , New York, Ontario & Western

Ry. Co., 56 Beaver St., New York, N. Y. ’80 Rickard, Thomas, Cons. Min. Engr. ‘The Poplars,” Cottenham Park,

.Wimbledon, London, S. W., England. ’85 **Rickaed, T. a., Min. Engr., Editor, JEngineei'ing and Mining Journal

261 Broadway, N. Y. ’88

*RrcKETTS, L. D., Min. Engr Bisbee, Ariz. ’92

*Ricketts, Dr. P. db P., Min. and Metl. Engr., Ricketts & Banks,

104 John St., New York, N. Y. ’73 bridge, H. Mackenzie, Min. Engr., Australian Metal Co.,

Broken Hill, New South Wales. ’99

Membeks Axd Associates.

*Bidgely, William B., Comptroller of Currency, Treasury Dept.,

Washington, D, C. ’80

Riebbl, Otto F., Mine Supt Spokane, Wash. ’92

Eiedt, Carlos, Genl. Mgr., Compahia Minera de Penoles,

, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico. ’99

Heixrich, Instructor in Econ. Geoh, Cornell Univ. ...Ithaca, Js. Y. ’95

Riggs, George M" Elliott & Co., 46 E. 29th St, Yew York, Y. Y. ’74

brighter, Th03IAsM., Coal Operator Mount Carmel, Pa. ’99

'Rigxey, Tho3ias P., Min. Engr 213 Dooly Bldg., Salt Lake City, Utah. ’96

Rilea", Le3YIS a , Pres., Lehigh Coal & Yavigation Co.,

222 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’76 *Eiorday, Denis M., Mining Investigations, 224 Parrott Bldg.,

San Francisco, Cal. ’82

“Rioseco, Pedro P., Civ. Engr de Hidalgo Yo. 35, Pachuca, Mexico. ’98

tRiPLEY, Charles O 84 Johnson Ave., Yewark, Y. J. ’02

M4ISQUE, J. B 4021 Morgan St, St. Louis, Mo. ’83

*RissMAN]sr, Otto, Genl. Mgr Cherokee, Lanyon Spelter Co., Gas, Kansas. ’89

'-writer, George W., Secy, and Managing Engr., Eureka Hill M. Co.,

Eureka, Utah. ’99

fRix, Edward A., Mech. Engr., and Pres , Rix Compressed Air & Drill Co.,

396 Mission St., San Francisco, Cal. ’00 "Robbins, Charles P., Pres, and Mgr., Lone Pine-Surprise Cons. M. Co.,

57 Jamieson Bldg , Spokane, Wash. ’97

Robbins, Chester C Sumpter, Ore, ’02

Bobbins, Frank C., Min. Engr., J\Igr., Yorth Star M. Co. , Ltd.,

Kimberly, B. C., Canada. ’97

Bobbins, Percy A., Cons. Mech. & Elect. Engr., De Beers Cons. Mines,

Ltd., Kimberley, S. Africa. ’01 Robellaz, Fernand, Min. Engr.. .24 Rue Pierre Charron, Paris, France. ’98 Roberts, Cyrus Swan, Min. Engr., Montezuma Lead Co.,

Santa Barbara, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’01

*Ro BERTS, Edward J P. O. Box 1766, Spokane, Wash. ’02

Roberts, Eugene C., Genl. Supt , Fairmount Coal Co..New Bethlehem, Pa. ’88 Roberts, Frank C., Civil Engr., Real Estate Trust Co. Bldg.,

Philadelphia, Pa. ’87

'Roberts, George M., Met, Great Boulder Prop., Ltd.,

Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. ’92 ’Roberts, Harry, Mine Mgr., Hale, Kanawha & Roberts Mines,

Duluth, Minn. ’97

Roberts, J. C Gluck Bldg., Yiagara Falls, Y. Y. ’02

Roberts, John F. M., Metal. Engr Val Verde, near Prescott, Ariz. ’99

Roberts, Milnor, Prof, of Mining and Met , University Station,

Seattle, Wash, ’02

*Roberts, Percival, Jr 717 Arcade Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ’77

Robertson, Horace P., Min. Engr., P. O. Box 88,

Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. ’00 Robertson, James D., Min. Engr., Care H. L. Chase,

8 Y. Main St, St. Louis, Mo. ’86 fRoBEBTSON, James Leslie, Care E. H. Hunter & Co ,

No. 29 Harimamachi, Kobe, Japan. ’02

Robertson, Kenneth, Mgr Zenith Furnace Co., Duluth, Minn. ’82

Robertson, Philip W. K., Min. Engr, and Met,

Mazopil Cop. Co., Saltillo, Mexico. ’00

Members And Associates.

Robertson, WillixVm F., Prov. Mineralogist of B C , Dept, of Mines,

Victoria, B. C., Canada. ’81

Robeson, Anthony M., Cons. Mech. Engr., Care Eckstein & Co ,

P. O. Box 149, Johannesburg, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’93 Robins, Thomas, Jr., Pres., Robins Conveying Belt ('o.,

Park Row Bldg., New York, N. Y. ’92 Robinson, C. Snelling, Genl. Manager, Iron & Steel Dept., Colo. Fuel &

Iron Co., Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo. ’85 Robinson, Cyrus, Mech. Engr., Amer. Sm. & Ref. Co.,

71 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’95

Robinson, George H., Min. Engr 328 Atlas BIk., Salt Lake City, Utah. ’86

Robinson, Sanford, Civil and Min. Engr Steeple Rock, New Mexico. ’90

*Robinson, Theodore W., 1st V. Brest, Illinois Steel Co.,

1035 The Rookery, Chicago, 111. ’84

*Roby, Luther A., Engr 745 Genesee Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. ’79

Rodda, Richard W., Mine Supt., Horse Shoe M. Co.,

Terry, Lawrence Co , So. Dak. ’97

Roderick, James E., Chief of Bureau of Mines Harrisburg, Pa. ’91

*Rodgers, Myron K., Consulting Engr , Yale Min. Co.,

Penticton, B. C., Canada. ’94 *Rodriguez, Juan C., Min. Engr., Apartado 87, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. ’99 *Roe, James P., Mech. Engr., Supt, Iron Wks., Glasgow Iron Co.,

Pottstown, Pa. ’91

*Rochling, H., Met Yolklingen (bei Saar), Rhenish Prussia, Germany. ’97

*Roefper, C. W 133 Phil-Ellena St, Philadelphia, Pa. ’73

*Roeser, Frederick, Chem., Arkansas Valley Plant, Am. Sm. & Ref. Co.,

Leadville, Colo. ’94

Rogers, Allen H., Supt., Guggenheim Exploration Co.,

Villadama, Nuevo Leon, Mexico- ’92 Rogers, Charles E , Mgr., Frazer & Chalmers, Ltd., of London,

Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. ’97

Rogers, E. M Aspen Mines, Aspen, Colo. ’82

fRoGERS, John A Neosho, Mo. ’97

*Rolker, Charles M., 34 Leadenhall Bldg., 1 Leadenhall St,

London, E. C., England. ’74

*Roote, Gilbert X, Min. Engr. 233 Crocker Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. ’00

Robes, Leverett S., Min. Director Salesville, Mont. ’01

*Ropp, Alfred yon der, Met 121 Lake St., Oakland, Cal. ’01

*Rose, Prof. Carlton R., Prof, of Metallurgy, Colorado School of Mines,

Golden, Colo. ’02

*Rose, Hugh, Min. Engr., War Eagle Con. M. Co..Rossland, B. C, Canada. ’00 *Rose, William W., Dir., Cia. del Boleo, Santa Rosalia,

Baja California-Mexico. ’82

*Rosenfeld, Louis, Mine Owner 202 Sansome St, San Francisco, Cal. ’99

*Rosewarne, David D., Min Engr...Waikumete, Auckland, New Zealand. ’90

Ross, John, Jr , Supt Wildman Syndicate, Sutter Creek, CaL ’96

*Rossi, Auguste J., Cons, and Min. Engr.. .35 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’92 *Rowand, Lewis G., Elect Engr. and Met, Wetherill Separating Co.,

Clover & Ferguson Sts., Newark, N. J. ’02

*BoyER, Frank W., Assayer 4001 West 35th Ave., Denver, Colo. ’00

*Ruetsohi, Rudolf, Cons. Engr., La Gran. Fund. Mex., Monterey, Mexico. ’91 fRuHL, John L. A., Roessler & Hasslacher Chem. Co.,

100 William St., New York, N. Y. ’98 F

Members Akb Associates.

fEtJNYOis, Walter C., Pres. The Stmthers Furnace Co.,

507 Perry-Payne Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. ’92 *Kussel, Walter S., Vice-Pres., Genl. Mgr., Russel Wheel & Foundry Co.,

Detroit, Mich. ’86

Russell, A. J., Min. Engr Honda, Colombia, So. America. ’92

Russell, Edward H P. O. Box 496, Rew Haven, Conn. ’84

Russell, Murray, Min. Engr., Otago School of Alines,

Dunedin, New Zealand. ’00

Russell, Samuel W’'., Mine Owner Dead wood, So. Dak. ’01

*Russell, M’illtam, Chemist 38 Bellevue Crescent, Ayr, Scotland. ’02

Rutherford, Forest, Asst. Alet., Amer. Sm. & Ref. Co.,

Aguascalientes, Alexico. ’ 00

Ruttmaxx, FERDiXAJitD S 547 West 147 th St., NewYork,N.Y. ’81

*Ryah, Edwin P., Min. Engr., la Independence 36, Alexico City, Mexico. ’01 Ryder, Thos. J Apartado 307, Mexico City, Alexico. ’01

*Saddler, Valentine J., Railway Contractor, Baxter & Saddler,

422 Flinders Lane, Meibom ne, Victoria, Australia. ’93

*Sahlberg, August, Aline Mgr La Esperanza Mine, El Oro, Mexico. ’00

*Sahlin, Axel, Genl. Supt, Miilom & Askam Hematite Iron Co., Ltd.,

Alillom, Cumberland, England, ’91

Sakikawa, Motaro Care Shinitomo>office, Niihama, lyo, Japan. ’02

*Sales, Reno H., Min. Engr., Boston and Montana Cons. Copper &

Silver Alining Co., Box 1355, Butte, Alont. '02 Salom, Pedro G., Chemist, Pres., Electrical Lead Reduction Co.,

408 Bourse Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ’SO

Salsbury, AI. K , Pres Midland Coal Co., Box 1097, Pittsburg, Pa. ’90

*Samwell, Nicholas, Min. Engr., Care Inst. Mining & Met ,

Salisbury House, London Wall, London, E. C., England. ’01 fSANBORN, Edward H , Asst, to Pres., Consolidated Lake Superior Co.,

North American Bldg. , Philadelphia, Pa. ’91 *Sanborn, Francis N., Constructing Engr., Atlas Portland Cement Co.,

Hannibal, Alo. ’94

Sanborn, James F., Min. Engr 286 N. Broad St., Elizabeth, N. J. ’99

*Sandberg, C. P., Cons. Engr., Palace Chambers, Westminster,

London, England. ’SI

ISanders, Alfred D., Min. Engr., Central Provinces Prospecting-

Syndicate, Balagbat Manganese Mines, Central Provinces, India. ’97 *Sanders, John D., Asst. Mgr. Detroit WLs. Solvay Process Co.,

Detroit, Mich. ’79

Sanders, R. H., Alin. Engr 603 Drexel Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ’76

ANDERS, Wilbur E., Min. Engr Butte, Mont. ’85

Sanderson, Henry S., Min. Engr 1824 Curtis St, Denver, Colo. ’01

*Sandifeb, Harmee C., Mine Mgr Silas, Guanajuato, Alexico. ’00

tSANDOVAL, Aurelio, Banker Nogales, Ariz. ’02

t S andoval, Prospbro, Banker Nogales, Ariz. ’02

Sargent, George W., Chem. and Met, Carpenter Steel Co.. .Reading, Pa. ’99

Sargent, William D 170 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’96

Sauer, j. W., Alin. Engr .Evansville, 111. ’97

-Saunders, William E., The United Gas Imp. Co. , Broad & Arch Sts.,

Phila., Pa. ’89

Sauveur, Albert, Asst. Prof, of Met., Harvard Univ.,

Mgr., Boston Testing Lab., 446 Tremont St., Boston, Alass. ’92

Members Akd Associates.

*Savage, xiRTHUB E., Mgr., Cockle Creek Wks., etc.,

Cockle Creek, Xew Sooth Wales.

Sawebs, William D., Chem. and Met.,

1 Athol Garden Place, Glasgow, Scotland.

*Saxmax, Edwin F., Supt Derry Coal & Coke Co., Latrohe, Pa.

*Saybe, Hal, Min. Engr 815 Logan Are., Denver, Colo.

fScAiFE, Charles C 119 1st Are., Pittsburg, Pa.

ScAiFE, James V Pittsburg, Pa.

SciLiFE, Marvin F Morganton, K. C.

*ScAiPE, Oliver P P. O. Box 974, Pittsburg, Pa.

**ScAiFE, William B Structural Iron Wks., Oakmont, Pa.

**ScAiFE, William L., Chairman Scaife Foundry and

Machine Co., Ltd., 28th St., Pittsburg, Pa.

fScALLON, William Butte, Mont.

’Scarborough, Frs. W Ches. and Ohio E.E., Richmond, Va.

tfScHAFPER, Dr. Charles, Physician 1309 Arch St, Philadelphia, Pa.

‘ScHAUP, Charles E., Min. Engr Tiffin, Ohio.

*ScHEiDEL, Dr. a., Chem Union Club, Sydney, New South Wales.

*ScHELLENBERG, Francis Z., Cons. Engr 5746 Howe St., Pittsburg, Pa.

*ScHiECHEL, Fredk. .-V. M., Min Engr., 134 Mainzerlandstrasse,

Frank£ort-on-Main, Germany, *ScHiERTZ, Ferdinand A., Met Guadaloupe y Calvo, Chihuahua, Mexico. *'ScHLAPP, Herman H., Cons. Min. Engr. and Met.,

163 William St., Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Schlemm, William H., Supt San Luis Mining Co.,

Panuco de Coronado, Durango, Mexico. tScHLESiNGER, FERDINAND, Dunn Iron M. Co.,

23 University Bldg., Milwaukee, Wis. *SuHMiTZ, Emerich J., Cons. Engr.. ..154 Alexander Ave., New York,N. Y. **ScHNEiDER, Albert F., Cons. Metl. and Min. Engr.,

77 Pine St., New York, N. Y.

*ScHNiEWiND, Dr. F. W. C., Chem. Engr. , United Coke & Gas Co.,

277 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

Schnitzel, Henry, Chem Lead, So. Dak.

*ScHOLZ, Carl, Mgr 307 E. Eighth St., Little Rock, Ark.

*ScHORE, Robert, Mech. Engr Shannon Copper Co., Clifton, Ariz.

*ScHRAUBSTADTER, R. T 201 Security Bldg., St. Louis, Mo.

*Schroedter, E., Civil Engr Jacobstrasse 5, Diisseldorf, Germany.

fScHROPP, Abraham S 107 Market St, Bethlehem, Pa.

*ScHULTZE, John S., Min. Engr 59 Wall St, New York, N Y.

*ScHULZE, Hermann Otto, Prof, of Metallurgy, School of Mines., Rolla, Mo.

Schumacher, A. J., Met Care G. W. French Dillon, Melrose, Mont.

*ScHWAB, Charles M., Pres Carnegie Steel Co., Pittsburg, Pa.

*Schwab, Joseph E,, Furnace Supt 71 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

Schwarz, Charles E., Min. Eng Desloge, St Francois Co., Mo.

Schwarz, Theodore E., Min. Engr... .1026 Seventeenth St., Denver, Colo. *ScHWERiN, Clarence M., Genl. Inspector, Care Griffin Wheel Co ,

Sacramento Square, Chicago, 111. *ScoTT, Christian C. A., Min. Engr., Bowes, Scott & Co., 2 Birchen Lane,

London, E. C., England.

ScoTT, Dunbar D., Supt Phoenix Cons. Cop. Co.’s Mines, Phoenix, Mich.

ScoTT, Frederick B., Min. Engr. ...3 Birchen Lane, London, E. C., England.

’91

’95

’96

’89

’86

’01

’90

’78

’01

’79

’90

’02

’92

’00

’93

’79

’02

’97

’96

’82

’90

’83

’74

’02

’00

’96

’01

’94

’91

’86

’97

’02

’89

’91

’98

’02

’76

’01

’97

’98

’91

Members Axd Associates.

ScoTT, Herbert Kilberx, Cons. Min. Engr , Clive House, Surry St.,

Strand, London, England.

*ScoTT, James, Supt., Blast Furnace, Lucy Furnaces, Carnegie Steel Co.,

51st St., Pittsburg, Pa.

*ScoTT, Robert J., Met Carnegie Steel Co., Pittsburg, Pa.

*ScOTT, William G-., Mine Owner Soulsbyville, Tuolumne Co., Cal.

*ScoTT, Wixfield G., Chem 1109 Park Ave., Racine, Wis.

ScoTT, W. J., Supt., Dupont Powder Co.,

85 S. Franklin St., Wilkes-Barre, Pa. *ScowDEN, Leo A., Mine Mgr., Ferris-Haggarty Cop. M. Co ,

Rudefeha, Carbon Co., Wyoming.

Scranton, William W Scranton, Pa.

*ScRUTTOX, Lindsay, Min. Engr 918 Hayward Bldg , San Francisco, Cal.

*Seal, Albert E., Min. Engr 19 All Saints St., Nottingham, England.

**Seale, Herbert P Mount Morgan Mine, Queensland, Australia.

**Seaman, Henry B., Civ. Engr 40 Wall St., New York, N. Y.

Seaman, H. J., Genl. Supt Atlas Portland Cement Co., Northampton, Pa. *Seamon, Fbank H., Min. Engr., Assay er and Chem., Seamon Assay Co.,

El Paso, Texas.

Seamon, William H., Min. Engr. and Mgr., Las Adargus Min. Co.,

142 Wyoming St., El Paso, Texas.

*Searlis, Dennis, Chem 101 Sansome St., San Francisco, Cal.

*Searles, Linn Walker Barren Springs, Va.

*Sebenius, j. Uno 523 Lyceum Bldg., Duluth, Minn.

Seccombe, Alfred F., Mine Supt.,

44 Hill Park Crescent, Plymouth, England. *Seddon, Richard J., Mine Agent,

Ministers Office, Wellington, New Zealand. *See, Raymond, Min. and Electrical Engr..

9 Place des Temes, Paris, France.

*Seeber, Rex R., Min. Engr Painesdale (via Houghton), Mich.

fSEEGER, Ludwig, Mgr., Amer. Metal Co., Ltd.,

52 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

*Selby, Prentiss, Assayer Selby Sm. & Lead Co., Selby, Cal.

*Self, Edward D., Cons. Min. Engr., Mgr., San Carlos Cop. Co.,

Linares, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. **Seligman, Albert J., Banker, Seligman & Meyer,

66 W. 52d St., New York, N. Y.

Selkirk, William, Cons. Min. Engr.,

Post Office Bldg., Middleborough, England. ISessinghaus, Gustatus, Min. Engr... 507 Continental Bldg., Denver, Colo.

Settle, Joseph B., M. Engr 4 Coleman St., London, E. C., England.

*Setz, Gustav, Asst. Supt St. Joseph Lead Co , Bonne Terre, Mo.

*Shaffeb, Edward L., Min. Engr Cripple Creek, Colo.

*Shapfer, Wm. L., Assayer Idaho Springs, Colo.

*Shallceoss, Vincent F., Min. Engr., Mgr. Australian Mining & Gold

Recovery Co., Ltd., P. 0. Box 92, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia.

*Shanahan Cornelius M Low Moor, Allegheny Co., Va.

Sharp, Charles C., Genl. Supt. Boomer Coal & Coke Co., Boomer, W. Va.

*Sharp, William G., Min. Engr 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

*Shaep, W. Goodenough, Care F. Danvers Power, P. 0. Box 464,

Sydney, New South Wales.

’90

’90

’99

’00

’94

’00

’75

’99

’01

’01

’89

’82

’95

’90

’00

’02

’90

’92

’88

’00

’02

’00

’00

’96

’82

’00

’98

’02

’77

’99

’02

’99

’95

’94

’91

’95

Members Ani) Associates.

*Shaepe, Albert J,, , Engr., Redfearn, Sharpe & Co.,

Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico. 01

Shabples, Stephen P., Chem. and Assayer. 26 Broad St., Boston, Mass. 78

*Sharpless, Fred. F., Min. Engr; Westbury Station, Nassau Co., N. Y. '89

*Sharwood, WilliAxM J., Met Mont.M. Co., Ltd., Marysville, Mont. ’01

'Shaw, Richard C., G-enl. Mgr., Thayer M. & M. Co., Miramar, Costa

Rica, Central America (via New Orleans). '97

*Shaw, William T., Metl. Chem 223 3d St., North, Seattle, Wash. '97

*Sheaee, Harry J., Min. Engr.. Room 700, 111 5th Ave., New York, N.Y. '02

*Sheafer, Arthur W., Min. Engr. and Geol Pottsville, Pa. '80

Sheafer, W. Lesley, Real Estate & Mining Properties Pottsville, Pa. ’81

*Shedd, Prof. S., Teacher of Geol. & Mineralogy, Wash. Agric. College,

Pullman, Wash. '01

*Shepard, Edward M., Prof, of GeoL, & V. Pres. Board of . Mo.

Geol. Survey, Drury College, 1403 Benton Ave., Springfield, Mo. '94 *Shepard, Frank E., Mech. Engr., Pres., Denver Engineering Wks.,

604 McPhee Bldg., Denver, Colo. '96 *Sherrerd, Alexander H., Metl. Engr., Taylor Iron & Steel Co.,

High Bridge, N. J. '75

Sherrebd, John M., Min. Engr., Genl. Sales Agt., Taylor Iron & Steel Co.,

High Bridge, N. J. '80

Shields, Henry B., Mgr Girard Iron Co., Girard, Ohio. '97

*Shimer, Porter W., Chem. and Met Easton, Pa. '79

*Shipman, H. a., Mgr Stratton’s Independence, Ltd., Victor, Colo. ’99

*Shiras, W. McGilvray, Asst. Ore Agent, Carnegie Co.,

715 College Ave., E. E., Pittsburg, Pa. '02 Shirley, Frederick S. , Mine Mgr., Glen Almond Mica Mine,

Buckingham, Quebec, Canada. ’02 *Shockley, Joseph H., Mine Supt Four Metals M. Co., Telluride, Colo. '00 *Shockley, William H., Min. Engr., Bewick, Moreing & Co. ,

Broad St. House, New Broad St. , London, England. '83 *Shook, a. M., 2d V. Pres...Tenn. Coal, Iron & R.R. Co., Birmingham, Ala. ’86

*Shook, James W., Supt Ensley Furnace, Ensley, Ala. ’00

*Short, Frank R., Min. Engr., Langlaate Deep Mine,

Johannesburg, So. Africa. ’99

*Sheivee, Henry, Mine Supt Union M. Co., Mt. Savage, Md. ’00

*Shrom, Harry L., Mine Supt Miami M. Co., Concord, N. C. ’01

*vSiDERFiN, William C., Assayer, Colusa Parrot M. & Sm. Co., Butte, Mont. ’91

**Stebert, Frederic J., Min. Engr.. Butler, Nve Co., Nev. ’02

SiLLiMAN, Arthur P-, Min Engr. and Chem Hibbing, Minn. ’98

SiMONDS, Ernest H., Assayer and Anal. Chem.,

417 Montgomery St., San Francisco, Cal. ’95 *SiMONDS, Francis M., Min. Engr., Simonds & Wainwright,

159 Front St., New York, N. Y. ’88

*SiMPSON, 0. D., Coal Operator Scranton, Pa. ’85

*SiMPSON, E. S. , Government Assayer and Mineralogist,

Gov. Assay Office, Perth, Western Australia. ’98 *SiMPSON, Gilbert C., Assayer and Chemist,

Santa Maria del Oro, Durango, Mexico. ’02

*SiMPSON, H. R., Mgr Amer. Sm. & Ref. Co., Aguascalientes, Mexico. ’00

*SiMPSON, J. C 40 Greenhill Gardens, Edinburgh, Scotland. ’87

*SrMS, H. N., Mgr Sun & Moon M. & M. Co., Idaho Springs, Colo. ’83

IxXXYi

Members And Associates.

SiMS, William J., Assayer la Industria 15, Mexico City, Mexico. ’02

*SrMS, William L The Maxim Co., Birmingham, Ala. ’01

*SiMSON, Augustus, Min. & Com. Agent, A. & L. Simson,

Patterson St., Launceston, Tasmania. ’97

*SiXGEB, George, Min. Engr Hotel Kenmawe, East End, Pittsburg, Pa. ’85

*SrxGEB, William H 934 Western Ave., Allegheny, Pa. ’73

Alphonse, Min. Engr Bienne, Switzerland. ’00

SisTERMANS, Francis H., Supt. Mines, Tepeza]anas..Tepezala, A. C., Mexico. ’94

SiZEE, Frank L., Mgr Posario Mines, Ltd., Guadalupe y Calvo, Mexico. ’00

Sjogren, Abtid Avesta, Sweden. ’01

'*Sjogben, Hjalmae, Prof, of Mineral Dept, of N. H. Museum, Academy

of Science, Stockholm, Sweden. ’91 Sjostedt, Ernst A., Chief Met., Lake Superior Power Co.,

Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., Canada. ’93

Skelding, Joseph F., Supt , Blast Furnaces Middlesboro, Ky. ’91

*Skewes, Edward, Min. Engr Eosewarne, Hasyle, Cornwall, England. ’95

Skifp, F. J- V., Field Columbian Museum Chicago, III. ’93

*Skinner, BLarry R.j Genl. Mgr., Durban Eoodepoort G. M. Co.,

P. 0. Box 111, Eoodepoort, S. Africa. ’97

Skinner, John C., Genl. Supt Western Chem. Mfg. Co., Denver, Colo. ’02

Skinner, Orville C., Supt. 0. H. Depts., Standard S. Wks.,

P. O. Box 165, Burnham, Pa, ’98 *Slater, Amos, Min. Engr, Asst. Geol., Colorado Fuel & Iron Co.,

1657 Marion St., Denver, Colo. ’01

Slavens, John H., Assayer x4.nier. Sm. & Eef. Co., Argentine, Kan. ’01

*Sloan, Charles E. , Min. Engr. & Assayer,

Care Louis Falkenan, 538 Sacramento St., San Francisco, Cal. ’02 Slocum, Frank L., Chem., Min. & Mech. Engr., V. Pres. & Genl Mgr.,

Miami M. Co., 401 S. Linden Ave., E. E., Pittsburg, Pa. ’96

*Small, Edward C., Min. Engr 4596 Oakenwald Ave., Chicago, 111. ’01

Small, George W., Min. Engr. and Met Visalia. Cal. ’85

*Small, Warren NT., Genl. Mgr., El Paso Foundry & Machine Co.,

El Paso, Texas. ’00

Smedley, Alfred, Chief Engr National Transit Co , Oil City, Pa. ’96

fSMiNK, Frank C., President Reading Iron Co., Beading, Pa. ’92

Smit, Egbert, Min. Engr Apartado 46, Guanajuato, Mexico. ’02

*Smith, Albert W., Prof, of Metallurgy, School of Applied Science,

Cleveland, Ohio. ’97

*Smith, Alfred M., Prof, of Chem. & Met., School of Mines,

Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. ’00

-{Smith, A. Parker, Counsellor-at-Law 45 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’90

tSMiTH, Clement G., Iron Business 340 Locust St., Steelton, Pa. ’92

Smith, E. Percy, Min. Engr., Tombstone Cons. M. Co., Ltd.,

Tombstone, Ariz. ’02

*Sm:ith, Frank C., Min. Engr 159 La Salle St., Chicago, 111. ’84

*Smith, Frank M., Asst. Mgr., Amer. Sm. & Ref. Co., East Helena, Mont ’92

*Smith, Frederick D., Cons. Min. Engr Sumpter, Ore. ’01

**Smith, George P. 0. Box 752, Sydney, New South Wales. ’92

**Smith, George Otis, Geol XJ. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C. ’02

*Smith, Harry E.,Chem L. S. & M. S. Ry., Collinwood, Ohio. ’91

*Smith, Hoval a., Min. Engr Bisbee, Ariz. ’02

*Smith, Howard D., Min. Engr South Berkeley, Cal. ’02

Members And Associates.

Smith, J. Bexxett, Min. Engr Kingston, Pa. 91

Smith, J. B. Audley, Ohem. and Assayer Weiser, Idaho. '93

Smith, John P., Cons. Min. Engr., New Zealand Insurance Bldg.,

1 CrawTord St., Dunedin, New Zealand. '97

Smith, j. Asst. Genl. Mgr Solvay Process Co , Syracuse, N. Y. '81

Smith, Noah B South Chicago Furnace Co., Irondale, Chicago, 111. '86

"Smith, Oberlin, Mech. Engr., Pres., Ferracnte Machine Co.. Bridgeton, N. J. '84 "Smith, Percy B., Min. Mgr., Mysore 'West. & Mysore Wynadd G. M. Co.,

Oorgaum, S. India. '95

*Smith, E. Nete, Civil and ]Min. Engr., The University, Hobart, Tasmania. '97

Smith, S. Kodmond ..Dupont Eoad, Eismere, Del. '96

*Smith, T. Guileord, '7ice-Pres., N. Y. Car Wheel Wks.,

9 German Insurance Bldg., Buffalo, N. Y. '71

*Smith, Thorn, Chemist Isabella, Tenn. '02

*Smith, William A., Chera El Paso Sm. Wks., El Paso, Texas. '98

**Smock:, John C., Geol Trenton, N. J. '73

*Sivn:TH, Charles H., Jr., Prof, of Geol. and Mineralogy, Hamilton College,

Clinton, N.Y. '87

*Smyth, Henry Lloyd, Prof, of Mining and Met., Harvard Univ.,

9 Buckingham St., Cambridge, Mass. '90

*Snedaker, James A., Min. Engr. 722 Equitable Bldg., Denver, Colo. '99

*Snell, Henry V., Mine Engr., Old Dominion Cop. M. & Sm. Co.,

Globe, Ariz. '00

Snoyer, George E., Min. Engr. and Met., San Juancito, Honduras,

Central America (via New Orleans & Puerto Cortez). '01 *Snow, Charles H., Civil and IMin. Engr., Dean School of Applied

Science, New York Univ., University Heights, New York, N.Y. '91 *Snyder, Frederics: T., Metl. Engr , F. T. Snyder & Co.,

324 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. '99

Somers, George E., Pres., Bridgeport Brass Co., 365 Washington Ave.,

Bridgeport, Conn. '95

**SoNNEMANN, George A., Cons. Min. Engr., Genl. Mgr., South Mt. Cons.

Mines Tunnel Co., etc., 430 ‘The Rookery," Spokane, Wash. '91 *SoNNTAG, Julian, Mgr., Grant Powder Co., Ltd., 204 Hayward Bldg.,

San Francisco, Cal. '99

SouDER, Harrison, Civil and Min. Engr Johnstown, Pa. '00

Souther, Henry, Cons. Engr 440 Capitol Ave., Hartford, Conn. '95

fSowERS, Dr. Zachariah T 1320 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C. '98

*Speer, j. Eamsey 331 Fourth Ave , Pittsburg, Pa. '96

*Spence, George, Mining, Apartado 561, Calle Gante 8,

Mexico City, Mexico. '02

**Spencer, Arthur C 1330 F St., Washington, D. C. '01

**Sperr, Frederick W., Prof, of Civil and Min. Engr., Mich. College

of Mines, Houghton, Mich. '82

*Sperry, Edwin A., Min. Engr.. Biwabik, Minn. '89

*SPBRRy, Erwin S., Metallurgist.. 260 John St., Bridgeport, Conn. '94

*Sperry, Francis L., Met Tallmadge, Ohio. '89

*Sperry, Jacob J., Civil and Min. Engr., Sperry Coal & Coke Co.,

Welch, W. Va. '00

*Spiers, James, Jr., Mech. Engr., Genl. Mgr., Fulton Engineering & Ship

Building Wks., Harbor View, San Francisco, Cal. '94 *Spies, Albert, Editor... Magazine 3 W. 29th St., New York, N.Y. '81

Members And Associates.

Spilsbury, E. Gybbox 45 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

Spotswoob, Georoe McL.j Ohem. and Met., La Leonesa Mines, Matagalpa,

Nicaragua, Central America.

**Spurr, Josiah E., Mn. Geol U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, B. C.

fS<iUiEB, Charles B 135 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

Squire, Joseph, Min. Engr., Southern Ry. Co., Fourth St , Helena,

Shelby Co., Ala.

*SrACKPOLE, Morrill D., Min. Engr., Cyanide Recovery Co.,

418 Dooley Blk., Salt Lake City, Utah. Stackpoolr, Adam R., Chem. and Met., Sheba Gold Min. Co.,

Eureka City, Transvaal, So. Africa.

*Stackpoole, Stephen W., Civil and Mm. Engr., 3d Ave. de la Libertad

No. 5, Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico.

Stabelmaxx, G Chareas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

*Stabler, Louis Andrew, Min. Engr P. O. Box 1416, Butte, Mont.

*Stafford, C. Edward, Mgr Tidewater Steel Co., Chester, Pa.

fSTALNAKER, RANDOLPH, Agent B. & O. R.R. Co., Wheeling, W. Va.

Stanford, H. R., Civil Engr., U. S. Navy... Navy Yard, Mare Island, Cal. *Stanford, Richard B., Min. Engr., Supt. of Mining Cos,, Columbia, Cal. Stanley, James, Mine Mgr., Mt. Ida Consols., Ltd.,

73 Pembroke Road, Dublin, Ireland.

Stanley, Robert C., Min. Engr 26 Clinton Ave., Montclair, N. J.

**Stansfield, Alfred, Prof, of Met McGill Univ., Montreal, Can.

*STANTrAL, Otis T., Supt, III. Malleable Iron Co., 515 Diversey Ave.,

Chicago, 111.

**Stanton, Frank; McM., Min Engr., Atlantic Mine., Houghton Co., Mich.

fSTANTON, John, Pres., Cop. M. Cos 11 William St., New York, N. Y,

*Stanton, John R., Pres., Phoenix Cons. Cop. Co., etc.,

11 William St., New York, N. Y.

Stanton, Robert B., Civil and Min. Engr., Supt., Hoskaninni Co.,

Sewickley, Pa.

*Stanton, William A., Mfr Lewis Blk., Pittsburg, Pa.

*Stark, Herbert S., Min. Engr., Genl. Mgr., Crown Reef G. M. Co., Crown Reef, P. O Box 1081, Johannesburg, Transvaal, S. Africa.

Starkweather, Herbert, Mining Silverton, Colo.

*SrARR, James, Care G. B. Newton & Co., North American Bldg.,

Philadelphia, Pa.

*Staunton, William F., Supt., Met., Congress Gold Mines Co.,

Congress, Ariz.

*STAyER, William H., Mine Mgr.,

Box 336, Guayaquil, Ecuador, So. America. *Stead, John E., Met. Chem., 11 Queens Terrace, Middlesborough, England. Stearns, Irvino A., Pres., Coxe Bros. & Co., Inc., and D. S. & S. R.R.,

143 Liberty St., New York, N. Y. Stearns, Thomas B., Min. and Mech. Engr.,

1720 California St., Denver, Colo,

*Steese, Rollin C., Supt., Blast Furnaces,

Brier Hill Iron & Coal Co., Youngstown, Ohio.

*Stehman, John V. R, Chemist Birdsboro, Pa.

*Steiger, George, Chem U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.

*Stein, Walter M., MetL Engr Stein & Boericke, Ltd., Primos, Pa,

*Stephbn, Alfred E., Anal. Chem., Care The Pacific Islands Co., Ltd.,

Macquaire Place, Sydney, New South Wales.

’97

’01

’86

’00

’98

’96

’02

’02

’74

’95

’94

’02

’98

’02

’02

’00

’89

’77

’99

’92

’96

’97

’94

’93

’83

’02

’98

’89

’97

’01

’95

’88

’02

Members A.'Nd Associates.

*Stephexs, Feaxcis B., Dir., Cassilis G. M. Co.,

Gongio, West-Gippsland, Victoria, Australia.

Steeling, Eobeet Wardner, Idaho.

*Steen, Hexey 50 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

*Stevens, Hexey W., ]Mine Mgr Morristown, Ariz.

*Steyenson, a. a., Asst. Supt. , Standard Steel Wks..Biirnham, Mifflin Co., Pa.

*Stevexsox, Johx, Je., Vice-Pres Sharon Steel Co., Sharon, Pa.

Stevexsox, Lewis G., Care Pinos Altos G. M. Co.,

1421 Clayton Ave., Denver, Colo.

*STEyExsox, Egbert, Civil and Min. Engr., Care Secy. A. I. M. E.,

99 John St, New York, N. Y.

*Stewaet, Alexaxbee, Civil Engr., Broken Hill Prop. Co ,

320 Collins St., Melbourne, Australia.

Stewart, Aethtje J., Mine Supt Tecalitlan, Jalisco, Mexico.

*Stewart, Howard E Anaconda Cop. Co., Anaconda, Mont

Stewart, P. Charteris A, Asst. Supt. of London Oil Trust, Ltd.,

51 Eedclifie Square, South Kensington, London.

Sticht, Ernest, Assayer Republic, Wash.

*STicnT, Egbert C., Genl. Mgr. , Mt. Lyell M. & Ey. Co., Ltd.,

Queenstown, Tasmania.

*Stick:ney, C. Wade, Min. Engr. and Met., Red Star Min. Co., Seattle, Wash. *Stiles, Thomas W., Hniversity Club, 5th Ave. and 57th St.,

New York, N. Y.

Stocker, James M., Mine Supt Torres, Sonora, Mexico.

*Stockett, Capt. Alfred W., S. Neumann & Co.,

P, 0. Box 485, Johannesburg, Transvaal, So. Africa. *Stockett, Lewis, Mgr., Coal Properties Great Northern Ry.,

Stockett, Mont

*Stoddart, Augustus W., Mine Mgr.,

11 Abchurch Lane, London, E. C., England

Stoek, Harry H., Editor Mines and Minerals Scranton, Pa.

*Stoiber, Edward G., Mn. Engr 1712 Sherman Ave., Denver, Colo.

*Stoiber, Gustavus H., Box 22, Silverton, Colo., & 41 W. 49th St.,

New York, N. Y.

fSTOiBER, Lexa a., Mine Owner and Mgr..l7 12 Sherman Ave., Denver, Colo.

*Stokes, Hexry N., Chem U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. 0.

Stoxe, George C., Chief Engr , N. J. Zinc Co.,

11 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

*Stoxe, William A., Mine Machinery Mfr Galena, Kansas.

*Stoxestreet, George D., Mine Inspector, Krugersdorp,

Transvaal, So. Africa.

Storms, William H., Min. Engr. and Geol Sutter Creek, Cal.

*Storrow, Samuel, Min & Civil Engr..402 Douglas Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal.

*Storrs, Lucius S., Geol Northern Pacific Ry., St. Paul, Minn.

*Stoughtox, Bradley, Cons. Metallurgist, Instructor in Metallurgy,

Columbia University, New York, N. Y.

Stoutz, Edmoxd de 11 Eue de Hotel de Ville, Geneva, Switzerland.

*Stow, Audley H., Civil and Min. Engr. Hunter, W. Va.

*Stower, James N., Genl. Mgr., Chateaugay Ore & I. Co.,

Plattsburg, N. Y.

Strauss, Lester W., Min. Engr., Box 304, Globe, Ariz.,

798 Lexington Ave., New York, N. Y.

’01

’02

’01

’02

’89

’76

’00

’89

’96

’00

’97

’01

’85

’85

’91

’99

’97

’99

’81

’97

’88

’77

’02

’94

’01

’80

’99

’88

’94

’99

’00

’97

’00

’94

’02

’00

Members And Associates.

Street, Gerald B., Min. !Met- Engr., 504 Dooly Block,

Salt Lake City, Utah. ’02

Strieby, William, Prof, of Mining, S05 North Cascade Ave.,

Colorado Springs, Colo. ’77

Strobed, Victor 0., Genl Mgr., Crane Dept., Niles Bement Pond Co.,

Mifflin & Meadow Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. ’84 Steout, Ebne.‘'T a.. Min. Engr., Care Centre Star Mine,

Rosland, B. C., Canada. ’02

STErTHEEs, .Joseph, Editor Mineral Indvtry,

261 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’88

"Stubbs, Frederic Address wanted. ’93

AStumm, Gey C, Asst. Mgr., Seaton Alt. Electric Light, Heat & Povver Co.,

Idaho Springs, Colo. ’01

Stitrgis, Edward B., Alin. Engr 307 E. 17th St, New York, N. Y. ’99

*SuLLiVAN, Allan, Civil & Alin. Engr. & Company Algr. , Elizabeth Aline,

Port Arthur. Ont., Canada, ’02

*SrMMBRS, Bertrand S., Inventor, AlcCormick Harvesting Alachine Co.,

Chicago, 111. ’94

Sutcliffe, John, Civil, Alin, and Alech, Engr.,

Alansion Square, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ’87 *Sutherland, Franklin T., Aline Over and Algr.,

232 Laughlin Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal, ’99' *Sutherland, J. IV., Genl. Algr., Golden Horseshoe Est. Co., Ltd., etc.,

Boulder, Western Australia. ’92 SuTHERLAND, AV. J., Attorney-at-Law...68 William St , New York, N. Y. ’99 *Sutton, AVilliam J., GeoL , E. & N. Railway Co...Alctoria, B. C , Canada. ’00'

SwAiN, S. R., Alin. Engr P. 0. Box 722, El Paso, Tex. ’02

SwAN, Robert AI. AA., Min. Engr., The Alalaysian Co,, Ltd.,

Singapore, Malay Peninsula. ’00 *Swart, Walter G., Assayer and Chem., Blake AI. & AI. Co.,

1752 Curtis St., Denver, Colo. ’99 Sweet, Heioiy N., Patent Expert, Duncan Hall, 1161 Chapel St,

New Haven, Conn. ’91

*SwEET, Thomas G., Aline Algr Broken Hill, New South AVales. ’99’

*SwEETSEB, Ralph H., Algr., Blast Fur., Cranberry Fur. Co.,

Johnson City, Tenn. ’94

SwiFT, George D., Mine Supt 2320 E. 1st St., Duluth, Minn. ’93

*Symmes, Oliver R., Supt. and Genl. Mgr., Lone Oak G. M. Co.,

Grantville, Ga. ’00'

*SzONTAGH, Dr. Oscar, Alin. Engr., Care Louis Falkenau,

538 Sacramento St., San Francisco, Cal. ’89-

VTaft, Harry H., Alin. Engr. and Chem., 278-80 Lincoln Ave.,

Denver, Colo. ’88

Takeda, Kyosaktj, Min. Engr., Chief. Engr., Kosaka Mine,

Dojima, Osaka, Japan. ’97

Talbot, Benjaiviin, Met. Engr., Talbot Continuous Steel Process, Ltd.,

Westminster Chambers, East Parade, Leeds, England. ’94

*Tamm, Eric, Chem Ramnas, Sweden. ’99

*Tarleton, Robert M., Min. Engr 114 E. 71st, New York, N. Y. ’00

*Tarnava, Constantino de, Mgr , Monterey Steel Co.,

P. 0. Box 20, Monterey, Mexico. ’02

Members Akb Associates.

Taewater. James F., Contractor & Miner of Iron Ores-Eoclnrood, Tenn. ’96

*Taiiwateb, Poi-K, Genl. Mgr Ore Mines Brown M. Co., Cardiff, Tenn. ’OO

Tattjm, Lawrence W., Consulting Min. Engr. and Met.,

424 K. Y. Life Bldg., Chicago, 111. ’89 **Taylok, Albert W., Mine Supt., Oriental Cons. M. Co.,

Moon San District, North Pyengang Province, Korea. ’00 *Tayloe, Arthur, Mine Mgr., Bellevue Prop. Mine, Mount Sir Samuel,

via Lawler?, Western Australia. ’98

*Tatloe, Frank A Gwinmine, Calaveras Co., Cal. ’01

Taylor, F. M 214 Boston Bldg , Denver, Colo. ’01

*TayloRj Federico W. , Chena., Xegociacxon Minera La Victoria y Anexas,

Apartado 217, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. ’81 *Tayeob, George B., Mgr , Robeson ia Iron Co, Ltd.,

Robeson ia, Berks Co., Pa. ’92

*Taylor, James, Cons. Engr,, Cbem., Met., 6 Bligh Chambers,

Bligh Street, Sydney, New South Wales. ’98

*Taylor, Joseph J., Min Engr Chico, Butte Co., Cal. ’90

*Taylor, Knox, Genl. Mgr., Phila. & Idaho Co Bound Brook, N. J. ’97

*Taylor, Lewis H., Jr., Mine Investor, 1508 Land Title Bldg.,

Philadelphia, Pa. ’99

**Taylor, Percyvaee, Min. Engr., 21 Victoria Road,

Kensington, London, W., England. ’81 *Taylob, William H., Mgr. & Pres., Anthracite Coal Cos.,

131 Wyoming Ave., Scranton, Pa. ’87 Taylor, W. J., Iron and Steel Mfr., Taylor Iron & Steel Co.,

Hugh Bridge, N. J. ’75

*Taylor, William W., Supt., Blast Furnace, Alleghany Iron & Steel Co.,

Iron Gate, Va. ’97

*Tays, Eugene a. H., Cons. Min. Engr Puerte, Sinaloa, Mexico. ’98

’Tenny, Emil B.. Supt., Blast Furnace, Am. Steel & Wire Co.. Pittsburg, Pa. ’92 *Terhune, Richard H., Min. Engr. and Met., 1543 Pearl St., Denver, Colo. ’86 *Terry, Laurence M., Genl. Mgr., The Prieta G. and S. M. Co.,

Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico. ’01

**Thacher, Arthur, Pres., Central Lead Co,, 4304 Washington Ave.,

St. Louis, Mo. ’75

**Thacher, William A Address wanted. '90

*Thackray, George E., Structural Engr , Cambria Steel Co,. Johnstown, Pa. ’80

*Thane, Bartlett L Sumdum M. Co., Siimdum, Alaska. ’01

*Thayer, Benjamin B., Mine Supt., Santa Rita M. Co.,

Santa Rita, Grant Co , New Mexico. '87 Thies, Adolf, Supt. and Genl. Mgr., Haile G. M. Co.,

Haile Gold Mine, S. C. ’78

**THrES, Ernst A., Asst. Mgr Haile G. M. Co,, Haile Gold Mine, S. C. ’00

Thiry, Joseph, Mgr., Otto Hilgenstock Coke Oven Co., Ltd.,

109 Victoria St., Westminster, London, S. W., England. ’92 *Thomab, W. E. a., Min. and Met. Engr., 19 Stanley Gardens,

Willesden Green, London, N. W., England. ’93 *Thomas, Albert E., Min. Engr., P. O. Box 253,

Coolgardie, Western Australia. ’97 *Thomas, Chester A., Min. Engr,, United Verde Cop. Co... Jerome, Ariz. ’02

Thomas, Edwin - Catasauqua, Pa. ’79

Thomas, Fred F., Pres, and Genl. Mgr., Gwinmine Dev. Co.,

Gwinmine, Calaveras Co., Cal. ’84

Membees And Associates,

Thomas, G-EonaE, 3d, SupL Diamond State Steel Co,, Wilmington, Del. ’95

*Thomas, George W Idaho City, Idaho. ’98

Thomas, Harry Mitssoy, Goldenhuis Deep G. M Co., Ltd.,

Cleveland, Johannesburg, Transvaal, So, Africa. ’00

Thomas, Samuel, Iron Trade Catasauqiia, Pa. ’71

*Thomas, Thomas E., Great Hanover Mine...Coolgardie, Western Australia. ’97 'Thomas, T. Lewis New Jersey Zinc Co., 71 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’99 Thomas, William H., Care Bainbridge Seymour Co.,

13 St. Helen’s Place, London, E. C., England. ’93 Thomas, William S., Mine ., Oregon King M. Co.,

Ash wood, Crook Co , Ore. ’96 Thomlirson, William, Genl Mgr., Seaton Carew Iron Co ,

West Hartlepool, England. ’81

Thoivipson, Capt. Charles H 428 Bradbury Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. ’00

Thompson. Hebeb S., Engr Girard Estate, Pottsville, Pa. ’76

Thompson, Bobert M., Pres., Orford Copper Co , 74 Broadway,

New York, N. Y. ’81

Thompson, William, Min. Engr, 58 New Broad St,

London, E. C., England. ’99

Thompson, William, Min. Engr. and Genl. Supt., Le Koi M. Co., Ltd.,

Bossland, B. 0., Canada. ’OO *Thomsox, Samuel C., Min. Engr., P. 0. Box 485,

Johannesburg, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’98 Thorne, William E., Min. Engr., Mgr., Gold Bag M. Co.,

Georgetown, Cal. ’01

Thornton, Dirk E., Care W. Leigh Hunt, 3 Great Winchester St.,

London, E. C., England. ’95

fTHORKTOK, William D Butte, Mont. ’96

Thow, Sydney, Civil Engr., Genl. Mgr., Hercules G. & S. Mining Co.,

Mount Read, Tasmania. ’02 Thropp, Joseph E. , Jr. , Genl. Mgr , Everett Furnace & Mines, Earlston, Pa. ’96

*’Thuillier, Gustave 66 Rue Oau martin, Paris, France. ’95

Thurston, E. Copper, Min. Engr., Room 302, 503 California St.,

San Francisco, Cal. ’96

Thurston, Prof. Robert H., Director, Sibley College, Cornell Univ.,

Ithaca, N.YL ’75

'Thyng, William S., Prof, of Mining, Wash. State College. .Pullman, Wash. ’99

Tiemann, Hugh P., Metallurgist Carnegie Hotel, Munhall, Pa. ’02

Tierney, John J., Pres Pocahontas Co., Bramwell, W. Va, ’83

Tierney, L. E., Genl. Mgr. Powhatan, Lynchburg, Elk Ridge & Eureka

C. & C. Co., Powhatan, McDowell Co., W. Va. ’89

Tillbeeg, Erik W., Chemist Worcester, Mass. ’02

“Tilly, Alfred, Min. Engr Trewisgie, Redruth, Cornwall, England. ’99

*Timm, JohnM., Min. Engr 49 Heinrichstrasse, Fulda, Germany. ’96

*Tindall, W. Francis CareS. Rickard, 1727 Stout St., Denver, Colo. ’95

Titcomb, Harold A., Min. Engr. and Actg. Mgr., Camp Bird Mines,

Ouray, (Jolo. ’99

Titswortii, Frederick S., Min. Engr. and Met ,

202 Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo* ’00

*Tobey, Horace P., Treas Tremont Nail Co., West Wareham, Maas. ’89

Tod, Herbert Noble, Mn. Engr 1918 Logan Ave., Denver. Colo. ’02

fToEDT, Emanuel B Fairbanks Co., Albany, N. Y. ’92

MEMBERS AND ASSOCIATES. Xciii

*Toll, Abel H., Min. Supt Wallace Min. Co., Pitkin, Colo. ’00

*Toll, Eensselaee H., Supt. Mancos Cons. G. M. & Dev. Co.,

Mancos, Colo. ’02

*To]vrLiNSON, Geo. H., Chemist, Lake Superior Power Co.,

Saulte Ste. Marie, Ont., Canada. ’02 Tompkins, Chaeles H., Engr. and Pres., Amer. Diamond Eock Drill Co.,

120 Liberty St., New York, N. Y. ’90 Tonkin, James J., Mgr , La Tortilla Lead Sm Wks.,

Calle Santa Engracia 2, Linares, Provincia de Jaen, Spain. ’93 Tonkino, James B., Supt New Jersey Zinc Co., Franklin Furnace, N. J. ’90

ToxKmG, William H., Min. Engr Dover, N. J. ’96

*Tonnele, Theodoee, Metl. Engr.. .Amer. Sheet Steel Co., McKeesport, Pa. ’84

nOBEBY, Heebbet G U. S. Assay Office, 30 WaU St, New York, N. Y. ’81

Totten, Alfred L, Min. Engr Connellsville, Pa. ’97

*Toxjceda, ENEiCiUE, Chem and Metallurgist Albany, N. Y. ’80

Totjlmin, Priestley, Pres, and Treas., Lehigh Coal Co.-Birmingham, Ala. ’88 'Touzeau, Edward M., Cons. Min. Engr., E. M. Touzean & Co.,

31 St. Swithin’s Lane, London, England. ’91

'Towee, Chaelemagne, Je 228 So. 7th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. ’87

*Tower, George W., Je., Geol. and Min. Engr Butte, Mont. ’01

Towbe, Joseph T 542 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. ’92

*Towne, Kobert S., Min. Engr., Pres., Compafiia Metalurgica Me:xicana,

27 William St., New York, N. Y. ’91

*Townsend Arthur R 117 East 57th St, New York, N. Y. ’01

*Townsend, David, Cons, and Mech. Engr., etc.,

1105 Penn Sq. Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ’80- *'Townsbnd, Harry P., Mine Mgr., Penhalonga Prop. Mines, Ltd.,

♦ Umtali, Rhodesia, So. Africa. ’01

Townsend, Hexry T., Mech. Engr., Pres., Logan Iron & Steel Co.,

610 Harrison Bldg, Philadelphia, Pa. ’70 *Teaphagen, Prof. Frank W., Chemist, Montana State College,

Bozeman, Mont ’99

*Tratman, E. E. Russell, Civil Engr. and Editor,

1636 Monadnock Bldg., Chicago, 111. ’91

*TBAyLOR, John A Ely, Nevada. ’99

Treadwell, Erwin D., Mine Mgr., G. A. Treadwell M. Co..Prescott, Ariz. ’93

*Teeat, 'P. H Jones & Laughlin, Ltd., 27th & Carson Sts , Pittsburg, Pa. ’86

'Treat, Lincoln A., Mech. Engr National Steel Co., Youngstown, Ohio. ’00

Tregloan, John R., Mine Supt., Mgr. and Owner Amador City, Cal. ’00

Trengove, Samuel R., Mine Mgr Cape Coast Castle, W. Africa. ’00

Trent, L. C Mount Lyell M. Co., Kelly Basin, Tasmania. ’78

*Treville, Edward B., Mine Owner 661 Second Ave., Detroit, Mich. ’97

Treweeke, John, Mine Mgr. and Cons. Engr., 254 So. 2d St,

Salt Lake City, Utah. ’02

*Trewenack, W. H., Genl. Mgr., Gulf Creek, Ltd.,

Gulf Creek, New South Wales. ’91

Trimble, A, J., Mine Operator .’ Sumpter, Ore. ’87

*Trotz, j. 0. Emanuel, Metallurgist.. ..U. S. Steel Corp., New York, N. Y. ’88 Teump, Edward N., Chief Engr. and Genl. Mgr., Solvay Process Co ,

1912 W. Genesee St., Syracuse, N. Y. ’96 TsclterniOff, Prof. Dimitry C., Met., 25 Rue Pessotchnaya,

St. Petersburg, Russia.

Members And Associates.

TrfUNO, Yamaguciliken, Japan.

Tuckeb, Albert.. W Seaboard Copper Co., Virgilina, Va.

*Tuckeb, Charles E. L., Assayer and Ore Buyer, Cons. K. C. S, & B. Co., Mexican Ore Co., Apartado 117, Jimenez, Chihuahua, Mexico. Tucker, MYllum A., Instructor Min. Engr. Michigan College of Mines,

Houghton, Mich.

**Tai>OE, William, Jr... B e Beers Cons. Mines Co., Kimberley, So. Africa.

fTuLLocH, Lindsay, U. S. Consul Launceston, Tasmania.

Turner, George D. B., Civil and Min. Engr., Pole Creek Placer Mine,

Morris, Madison Co., Mont.

*Turner, Henry' Geol. and Min. Engr., 320 Sansome St.,

San Francisco, Cal.

Turner, John K., Min. Engr Albany Hotel, Denver, Colo.

Turner, Bobert B., Min. and Consulting Engr., Kennett Min Co.,

103 East Broadway, Butte, Mont.

Turner, B. Chester, Supt Standard Cons. M. Co , Bodie, Cal.

Turner, William J., Bookman Bros., Boulder M. Co.,

Kalgoorlie, Western Australia.

Tusgeka, Otto, Assayer andChem Fundicion Ko. 2, Monterey, Mexico.

Tuttle, Arthur L , Min. Engr Jimiilco, Coahiiila, Mexico.

Tuttle, Herbert E Apartado 50, Monterey, Mexico.

*Tyler, Kat., Jr., Topographer U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D.C.

Tyrrell, Joseph B , Cons. Min. Engr., Tyrrell & Tyrrell,

Dawson, Yukon Ty., Canada. *Tyson, James W , Jr., Mgr Elizabeth Min. Co., South Strafford, Vt.

*ljBHLiNa, Edward A., Pres., Uehling Steinbait Mfg. Co.,

40 Bond St, Passaic, K. J.

*IJlke, Titxjs, Metallurgist and Min. Engr. ,

178 E. 70th St., New York, N. Y. *tJNDERHiLL, James, M in. Engr., U. S. Min. Survey... Idaho Springs, Colo.

Underwood, Arthur J., Min. Engr P. 0. Box 18, Bobinson, Utah.

*Unger, J. S., Supt, Amor Plate Dept., Carnegie Steel Oo-,

Munhall, Allegheny Co. , Pa.

Upham, Charles C., Vice-Pres. and Genl. Mgr , New York Steam Co.,

143 Liberty St, Now York, N. Y. 'Upham, W. E.jSupt.Minas Dolores y Anexas, Matehuala, S. L. P., Mexico. *Utlby, Howard H., Min. Engr Wilton, Ky.

fVAiLE, Joel F., Lawyer, Wolcott & Vaile..420 Equitable Bldg., Denver, Colo. Valentine, Charles F., Chillagoe By. Mines, Ltd.,

Chillagoe, No. Queensland, Australia, Valentine, M. D., Pre8,..M. D. Valentine Bro. Co-, Woodbridge, N. J. *Valton, Ferdinand, Civil Engr.,

19 Parc (le Montretout, St Cloiid, vSeinc et Oise, France.

-Van Absdale, Geo. D., Chemist 99 John St, New York, N. Y,

*Van Absdale, W. H Aurora, III

*Van Baeneveld, Charles E., Prof, of Min. Engineering,

Minn. School of Mines, MiimcapoHs, Minn,

Brunt, Charles G., Ohem 48 Brattle St., Cambridge, Mass.

Wan Cleve, Charles McK., Supt, Smelter, Cia. Met. Mexicana,

San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

91

To

’97

’95

’98

’01

’00

’00

’95

’95

’00

’00

’93

’01

’02

’99

’92

’86

’02

’98

’01

’91

’96

’01

’02

’05

’02

’7(1

’02

’01

’98

’01

Members And Associates.

''Van Diest, Edmond C,, Min. Engr San Luis, Colo. '89

"‘Van Hise, Charles E., GeoL, U. S. Geol. Survey, and Prof, of Geol.,

Univ. of Wis.j Madison, Wis. '00

fVAN Ingen, Dudley A., Chem Kew Jersey Zinc Co., Newark, N. J. '95

'Van Isschot, Pierre E. C. ...Casilla 240, Guayaquil, Ecuador, So. America. ’96

'Van Mater, Joseph A., Consulting Engr. and Mgr Pulaski, Va. ’93

Van Ness, William W., Min. Engr.,

622 Salisbury House, London Wall, London, E. C., Eng. ’97 tVAN Nostrand, Charles B., Banker, Mine Owner,

36 Wall St., New York, N. Y. ’02

'Van Orden, Frank L Wyandot Lead Co., Houghton, Mich. '01

*Van Slyke, Frederick E., Min. Engr., GenL Electric Co.,

Philadelphia, Pa. ’01

‘‘Van Zwaluwenburg, a., Associate Editor Fharm. Era,

Commercial Bldg,, 396 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’00 '''Varden, Kichard a., Cons Min. Engr, Bainbridge Seymour & Co.,

13 St. Helen’s Place, London, E. C., England. ’87 ’Yauclain, Samuel M., Supt,, Baldwin Locomotive Wks. ,

500 No. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’96

*'VEATcn, John A Maxwell, Colusa Co., Col. ’01

*Viele, Maurice A,, Civil Engr. Gen. Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y. ’02

'ViGGERS, William, Mech. Engr Apartado 90, Durango, Mexico. ’89

*ViRGOE, Walter, Metallurgical Engr., P. 0. Box 121,

Care Mexican Gold and Silver Recovery Co., Ltd., Mexico City. ’02

Vivian, George G., Min. Engr Sultepec, Mexico, Mexico. ’82

Vivian, Godfrey T., Min. Engr.,

Pengegon House, Camborne, Cornwall, England. ’97

Vogelsang, Dr. KarIj, Min. Engr. Koenigl. Berginspektor,

Stassfurt, Germany. ’01

*VoORHELs, Edward C., Mine Supt Sutter Creek, Amador Co., Cal. ’99

Wadsworth, M. E., Prof, of Min. and Geol., Penn. State College,

State College, Pa. ’89

Wagner, Henry R., Agt., Amcr. S. R. Co.,

71 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’02

Wagner, John L., Pres Wagner Palenros Mfg. Co., Fairmont, W. Va. ’00

*Wagoner, Luther, Civ. & Min. Engr.,

849 Chestnut St. , San Francisco, Cal. ’97

*WAINWIIGItT, Jacob T., Metl. Engr P. 0. Box 774, Chicago, 111. ’88

Wait, Charles E., Prof, of Chem., Univ. of Tennessee.. ..Knoxville, Tenn. ’79

Walcott, Charles D., Director, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. ’92

Waldo, Dr. Leonard, Cons. Engr 49 Wall St, New York, N. Y. ’88

Walker, Arthur L., Mgr., Perth Amboy Plant, Amer. Sm. & Ref. Co.,

Maurer, N.J. ’85

*Walibr, Etheridge, Assay er Squaw Creek M. Co., Gazelle, Cal. ’02

Walker, Elton W Tombstone Cons. Mines, Tombstone, Ariz. ’01

*Wax.ker, J. C Room 1812, 71 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ’83

t Walker, John A., V.-Pros. and Treas., Joseph Dixon Crucible Co.,

Jersey City, N. J. ’78

Walker, John N., IJ. S. Govt Assayer (Custom Service).. Everett, Wash. ’94

*Wai.ker, T. B Franklin Iron Mfg. Co., Franklin Springs, N. Y. ’84

*Walkeb, W. R., Chem. U. S. Steel Cor., Empire Bldg., New York, N. Y. ’81

Members And Associates.

Enos A., Met 309 So. Temple St., Salt Lake City, Utah.

Wallace, James P., Genl. Mgr Monmouth Dev. Co., Kingman, Ariz.

Wallace, Louis B., Met Detroit Cop. M. Co., Morenci, Ariz.

Wallace, William C., Mine Mgr. and Lawyer, Care Realty Syndicate,

14 Sansome St , San Francisco, Cal.

**Walleb, Dk. Elwyn, Anal. Chem 159 Front St., New York, N. Y.

*Waller, Geoeg-e a., Asst. Govt. GeoL, Mines Office,

Launceston, Tasmania.

*Wallin, Gustae, Min. Engr Kiruna, Sweden.

Wallis, Philip, Supt., Motive Power Long Island B B ,

Richmond Hill, N. YL

*-Walsh, Thomas F., Mine Operator,

1420 New York Ave , Washington, D. C.

Walter, E. W., Met., Supt Kendrick & Gelder Sm. Co , Silverton, Colo.

Walter, Rudolph J., Min. Engr 1452 Blake St., Denver, Colo.

*Wanless, Geo. Jas., Assayer and Chemist, Ore Purchasing Agt.,

Am. Sm. & Bel Co., El Paso, Texas. *Waed, Osmer B., Metallurgist, Hannan’s Star Gold Mines,

P. 0. Box 158, Kalgoorlie, W. Australia. *Waed, Willard P., Mim Engr..Mills Bldg., 15 Broad St., New York, N.Y.

Warden, Bruce B., Supt., Care Clarkson, Cross & Helliwell,

Hastings St., Vancouver, B. C. *Wardman, George B., Assayer and Chem., Apartado 24,

Aguascalientes, Mexico.

Warne, Henry Herbert, Mining, 28 Boseberry Block, Cripple Creek, Colo. Warner, Willard, Jr., Supt., Blast Furnace, Boane Iron Co.,

Rock wood, Tenn.

*Warren, Henry B., Min Engr.. 1043 Burrard St., Vancouver, B. C., Canada. *Warriner, Samuel D., Genl Supt., Lehigh Valley Coal Co.,

Wilkes-Barre, Pa.

**Wartenweiler, Alfred Crocker Bldg., San Francisco, Cal.

Warwick, Arthur W., Min. Engr P. 0. Box 1711, Denver, Colo.

Washington, William d’H., Civil, Mech. and Min. Engr.,

1 Broadway, New Y'ork, N. Y. Waterman, William J., Min. Enr, Vermilion Porks

M. and Dev. Co., Ltd, Princeton, B. C., Canada.

**Waters, Albert L., Mine Mgr Apartado 222, Guadalajara, Mexico.

*Waters, Stephen, Mech. and Electr. Engr.. Apartado 96, Pachuca, Mexico. Watkins, A. Octavius, 1st Asst. Assayer, Royal Mint,

Perth, Western Australia.

*Watson, Charles S-, Anal. (Iiem. & Met.,

Queensland Menzies G. M. Co., Menzies, Western Australia. *Watson, Ralph W., Mech. Engr., Am. Sm. Bef. Co.,

Apartado A, Aguascalientes, Mexico. *Watson, Robert W., Min. Mgr., Iowa G. M. and Milling (!o.,

Silverton, Colo.

Watson, Eolla B., Cons. Min. Engr., 233 Commercial Club Bldg.,

Salt Lake City, Utah.

*Watson, Prof. Thos. L ..Denison Univ., Granville, Ohio.

*Watson, Walter L., Genl, Mgr. Engr., Clear Spring Water

Ceinenton, Pa. Sandy Lake, Pa.

87

’97

’99

’00

’83

’94

’02

’84

’00

’93

’97

’02

’98

’71

’02

’95

’89

’92

’99

’91

’75

’97

’95

’95

’93

’02

’98

’00

’90

’00

’95

’01

’98

’01

Watson, Winfield S.

Membees And Associates.

*WatTj J. Henry First Natl. Bank, Braddock, Pa. ’97

*Watts, William L., Min. Engr, State Expert of Mines,

Chamber of Commerce, Los Angeles, Cal. ’97 t Waugh, Percival B., Min. Engr..The Glen, Boumemoutii, West England. ’90

Weatherby, Wm. J., Min Engr Cooney, N. Mexico. ’02

*Webb, Ernest H Care Trenton I. Co., Trenton, N. J. ’01

Harry H., Supt. Engr., Care Cons. Gold Fields, Ltd.,

P. 0. Box 1167, Johannesburg, Transvaal, S. Africa. ’85 *Webb, Louis, Care Dev. Co. of C. & W. Africa, 23 Moorfields,

London, E. C , England, ’97

*Webb, William M., Min. Engr., Ibex M. Co.,

P. 0. Box 307, Leadville, Colo. ’00

Weber, Frederick C., Mech. Engr., Rand Drill Co.,

710 Park Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. ’99 Webster, Hosea, Mgr. N. Y. Sales Dept., Babcock & Wilcox Co.,

85 Liberty St., New York, N. Y. ’95 Webster, Paul W., Min. Engr Variety Iron Wks- Co., Cleveland, Ohio. ’98 Webster, William R., Cons, and Insp. Engr., 411 Walnut St,

Philadelphia, Pa. ’92

Weck, Charles A., Min. Engr., 127 New Montgomery St.,

San Francisco, Cal. ’97

Wedding, Prof. Dr. Hermann, Prof, of Iron Metallurgy, Counsellor of

Mines, Genthinerstrasse 13, Villa C., Berlin, Germany.

Weddle, Joseph H., Mine Mgr Vinnse M. Co., Leadville, Colo. ’97

Wedge, Utley, Minei* and Oil Refiner..ll5 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. ’02

*Weed, Floyd, Met. and Chem Annie Laurie M. Co., Kimberly, Utah. ’97

*Weed, Walter H., Cons. Min. Engr., U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C. ’98 **WBrGALL, Alfred R., Met. Engr , Care Japan M. Co., Ltd.,

Yokohama, Japan. ’ 98

*Wetmer, Asa A., Mech. Engr Weimer Machine Wks. Co., Lebanon, Pa. ’85

IWeimbr, Edgar A., Supt Weimer Machine Wks. Co., Lebanon, Pa. ’97

*Weimer, John A., Pres, and Supt., Weimer Machine Wks. Co.,

Lebanon, Pa. ’85

♦Weinberg, E. A., Genl. Mgr., Chillagoe Ry. Mines, Ltd.,

Chillagoe, No. Queensland, Australia. ’94

*Weir, Charles G., Mining Highland, Ulster Co., N. Y. ’95

*Weir, George, Chief Engr., Broken Hill Prop Co., Block 14 Mine,

Broken Hill, New South Wales. ’00 *Weie, Thomas, Min. Engr., Owner & Mgr. of Mines,

Room 306, Dooly Block, Salt Lake City, Utah. ’90

*Wbiss, Moritz, Met 324 Cedar Ave., Scranton, Pa. ’91

*Weld, Christopher M., Min. Engr., Mine Securities Corp.,

35 Wall St, New York, N. Y. ’01

Wellman, Charles H., Geul. Mgr., Wellman See ver-Morgan Engineering

Co., New England Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. ’90 Wellman, Samuel T., Pres., Wellman Seaver Engineering Co.,

New England Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. ’75

t Wells, Calvin, Mfr Pittsburg Forge and Iron Co., Pittsburg, Pa. ’73

Wells, Horace L,, Prof. Chem. and Met, Sheffield Scientific School,

New Plaven, Conn. ’96

Wells, J. Walter, Min. Engr., Provincial Assay Office,

Belleville, Ont,, Canada. ’02

Members And Associates.

*Welsh, Howard F., State Inspector Coal Mines, Lock Box 855,

Helena, Mont. ’91

*Wendei:i5 Charles de, Engr 6041 Bond St, E E., PittsBurg, Pa. ’00

*Wenstrom:, Olap, Min. Engr 45 Broad St, Boston, Mass. ’88

*Wentz, John L., Coal Mining 1100 Girard Trust Bldg., Phila., Pa. ’02

*Wentz, Johns., Coal Operator 39th and Locust Sts., Phila., Pa. ’02

*Wepfer, G. W., Cons. Mech. Engr., P. O. Box 2088, Johannesburg,

Transvaal, So. Africa. ’99

Wesley, Wm. H. J Mt Lyell M. &K. Co,, Queenstown, Tasmania. ’01

*, Haarlem E., Min. Mgr., Pacific Northwest M. Corp., Ltd.,

Libby, Mont* *00

Western, Charles E,, Engr., Broadway Chambers, Westminster,

London, England. ’92

Western, Frank, Min. Engr..6 Bolton Gardens, S. W., London, England. ’95 Westervelt, William Y., Cons. Min. Engr., 100 William St.,

New York, N. Y. ’95

Westinohouse, Geo rob, Jr., Mech. Engr Pittsburg, Pa. ’86

Wetherill, John P., Cons. Engr., New Jersey Zinc Co.,

n Broadway, New York, N. Y, ’96 *Wethey, a. H., Genl. Mgr W. A. Clark’s Mines & Smelter, Butte, Mont. ’90

Wetmore, E. a ...P. 0- Box 131, Marysville, Mont. ’89

'Wheeler, Archer E., Chief Engr., Boston & Montana C. C. and S. M. Co.,

Great Falls, Mont. ’99

’*W'heeler, Herbert A., Cons. Min. Engr 721 Olive St, St Louis, Mo. ’81

Wheeler, S. Bowman, Mech. Engr Girard Trust Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ’92

Wheeler, Shelton Kino, Assayer and Min. Engr.,

30 W. 44th St, New York, N. Y. ’02

Whinery, S., Civil Engr 95 Liberty St, New York, N. Y. ’80

fWHiPPLE, Arthur S P. 0. Box 332, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ’99

'Whitaker, De Berniere, Min. Engr., Spanish- Anaerican Iron Co,,

Daiquiri, Santiago de Cuba. ’ 99

’Whitaker, Orville R., Min. Engr., N. Y. & Honduras Mining Co.,

San Juancito, Kep. Honduras, C. A. ’99 Whitcomb, George D., Pres., G. D. Whitcomb Co.,

86 East Ohio St, Chicago, 111. ’83 White, Charles PL, Instructor Min. & Met,

Botch Bldg., Cambridge, Mass. *01

*Whitb, Mahnsel, Chem Bethlehem, Pa. ’88

t White, Norman F., Min. Engr Mount Morgan, Queensland, Australia. ’02

Whitehead, Cabell, Assayer, Biggs House, Washington, I). C. ’90

*Whiteley, James S Continental Trust Bldg,, Baltimore, Md. '92

Whiting, S. B 11 Ware St, Cambridge, Mass. ’71

Whitmore, Lawrence H., Civil, Mech. & Mining Engr.,

P. 0. Box 163, Bulawayo, Rhodesia, So. Africa. ’90

Whitney, Eli, Jr 800 Whitney Ave., New Haven, Conn. ’75

Whitney, Granger, La Follette Coal, Iron R.R. Co.,

La Follcte, Teim. ’91

Whitney, Willis B., Electro Chem., Genl. Elcc. Co., Schenectady, N. Y. ’02 *Whittall, Hugh E. C, Min, Engr., Care .1. W. Whittall 4 % Co.,

via London Open Mail, Constantinople, Turkey. '99 Whittle, Charles L., Geol. and Min. Engr..20 Central St., Boston, Mass. ’97 *%HYTE, Fbedeetck W. C., Genl. Mgr. of Coal Dept.,

Anaconda Cop. M. Co., Anaconda, Mont. '00

Members And Associates.

WiARB, Edward S., Assayer, Empire State Idalio M. & Dev. Co.,

Wardner, Idaho.

*WiCKES, George T,, Civil and Min. Engr.,

Eooms 34 & 35 Pittsburg Block, Helena, Mont.

tWiCKES, L. Webster, Student Columbia Univ., Hew York, H. Y.

*WiDDicoMBB, Herbert P., Min. Engr. Whitehall, Mont.

*WiERXJM, Howard F., Chem Colo. Sm. Co., Durango, Colo.

*WiGMOBE, Cyril, Min. Engr.,117 South Los Angeles St., Los Angeles, Cal. fWiLBRAHAM, ARTHUR G. B., Mine Supt., Mason & Barry,

Mina de San Domingos, Mertola, Portugal. *WiLBUR, Warren A., Pres., Yalley Coal & Coke Co., W. Va.,

South Bethlehem, Pa.

*WiLCOX, John F., Genl. Mgr. and Chief Engr., Ketort Coke Oven Co.,

Hew England Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio.

Wilder, Fred. B., Min. Engr P. 0. Box 543, Keno, Nev.

Wilding, James, Jr., Chem., Amer. Smelting & Eef. Co.

Aguascalientes, Mexico.

*WiLES, Edwin L Stony Point, Eockland Co., H. Y.

Wiley, Walter H., Min. Engr Idaho Springs, Colo.

Wiley, William H., Publisher... 43 East Nineteenth St., New York, N. Y. *Wtley, William M., Pres., Seminole Mining Co.,

25 Broad St., New York, N. Y. *WiLKENS, Henry A, J., Min. Engr., New Jersey Zinc Co.,

11 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

*Wilkes, John, Mgr Mecklenburg Iron Wks., Charlotte, N. C.

*WiLKiNS, Albert D., Chem P. O. Box 324, Vandergrift, Pa.

Wilkins, Ross, Chemist, The Solvay Process Co., 621 Jefferson Ave.,

Detroit, Mich.

*WiLKiNS, William, Supt. Blast Furnace, National Tube Co.,

Riverside Dept., Wheeling, W. Va. *WiLKiNS, William Glyde, Min. Engr...Westinghouse Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. Wilkinson, Arthur, Min. Engr., Care H. Eckstein & Co.,

Johannesburg, So. Africa.

Wilkinson, Charles D., Min. Engr Whitehall, Mont.

Wilkinson, J. F., Min. Engr., Care W. J. Bartnett, 328 Montgomery St.,

San Francisco, Cal.

Wilkinson, Paul, Secy., Acme Cement Plaster Co.,

917 Century Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. *WiLKiNS0N, Theodore K., Met., 1407 Van Ness Ave., San Francisco, Cal. Wilkinson, William F., Min. Engr., Consolidated Goldfields of

So. Africa, 8 Old Jewry, London, E. C., England.

Willard, Eugene B., Jr., Blast Furnace Mgr., Iroquois Iron Co.,

95th St. & Calumet River, Chicago, 111.

*WiLLEY, Henry I, Min. Engr 27 William St., New York, N. Y.

Williams, Alrheus F., Asst. Genl. Mgr., De Beers Cons. Mines, Ltd.,

Kimberley, So. Africa.

Williams, Ben, Mine Mgr Milton, Cal.

Williams, David, Publisher, Iron Age 238 William St., New York, N. Y. Williams, Edward G., Engr. and Supt , Caribbean Manganese Co.

(temporary, cor. Maple & Central Sts., Auburndale, Mass.),

Colon, Colombia, So. America.

Williams, Edward H., Mgr., Blast B'urnaces, Pickands Mather & Co*,

499 E. State St, Sharon, JPa.

’00

’76

’02

’98

’98

’00

’99

’92

’86

’02

’96

’82

’96

’81

’00

’92

’83

’02

’86

’91

’91

’00

’97

’90

’97

’96

’88

’00

’02

’97

’82

’80

’97

’93

Membbbs And Associates.

Williams. Pbof. R H., Jr Andover, Mass.

Williams, Fbank B., Mill Supt Elkhorn S. M. Co., Elkhorn, Mont. ’01

**WiLLiAMS, Fbed , Alan. Dir , Waratah Minerals Co., 7 Laurence,

Pountney Lane, London, E. C., England. ’90

Williams, Fbed. T., Alin. Engr P- O. Box 86, Victor, Colo. ’02

**WrLLiAMS, Gardner F., Genl. Mgr, De Beers Cons. Mines, Ltd.,

62 Lombard St., London, E. C., England. ’86

’Williams, Henry J., Cliem. Engr. and Anal Cbem.,

161 TremoutSt, Boston, Mass. ’87

Williams, H. J. C., Min. Engr , Care W. A. Trelvan, Cbilicito Rioja,

Argentine Republic, So. America. ’93 Williams, John R., Cons. Met. and Chem., Care H. Eckstein & Co.,

P. 0. Box 149, Joiiannesburg, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’99

Williams, John T., Constructing Engr 27 William St. , New York, N- Y . ’74

Williams, Lewis Napoleon Mine, Milton, CaL ’83

Williams, Luke, Genl. Algr., Mount Reid M. Co., Ltd.,

Alount Read, Tasmania. ’93

Williams, Morris, Mgr., Coal Cos., P. R. R., 67 Public Square,

Wilkes-Barre, Pa. ’91

Williams, Oliver, Pres Bryden Horse Shoe Co., Catasauqua, Pa. ’87

Williams, Richard H., Min. Engr.,

Cbynoweth, St. Ertli Hall, Cornwall, England. ’96-

Williams, Samuel H., Genl. Mgr., Br. <fe Korean Corp , Ltd.,

Care Jardine, Matheson & Co., Sbanghai, China, ’93

Williams, Thomas J., Alin. Engr., Colebrooke Cop. Mine,

Montezuma, Tasmania. ’98

Williamson, W. Duncan... Lily Bank, Gowrock Rd., Greenock, Scotland. ’96

*WiLLis, Alebeo B., Alin Engr 32 Cornhill, London, E. C., England. ’02

Willis, Bailey, Geol U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C. ’92

Willis, Frank G., Min. Engr., Mining Exchange Bldg.,

Cripple Creek, Colo. ’97

Willmott, Arthur B., Geol. , Algoma Coml. Co. ,

Sanlt Ste. Alarie, Out., Canada. ’01 *WiLLS, Joseph L., Alin. Engr. and Chem..l33 Midwood St., Brooklyn, N. Y. ’89 *WiLLSON, Frederick E., Min. Engr... ..2117 Taylor St., San Fancisco, Cal. ’98 Wilson, Albert D., U. S. Deputy Mineral Survey,

P. O. Box 611, Deadwood, So, Dak. ’97

Wilson, Elliott H., Civil and Min. Engr., Receiver, Minnie Healy Mine,

Butte, Aiont. ’87

*WiLSON, Elwood j., Mining Operator Greenwood, B. C., Canada. ’94

*WiLSON, Georoe B., Min. Engr., Cons. Engr. for Chinese Engineering

AI. Co., Ltd., Tientsin, China. ’99 **'WiLS0N, Gordon - Benallan, Kirkintilloch, Scotland. ’02

Wilson, Harry, Austral Otis Engineering Go., Ltd.,

So. Melbourne, Australia. ’9S

tWiLSON, M. 0., . and Miner 33 Wall Street, ‘New York, N. Y. ’91

*WiL80N, Nathaniel, Cons, Meclu Engr.,

P. 0. Box 485, Johannesburg, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’98

**WiLS0N, Newton K., Genl, Mgr 27 Calle Iturbide, Alontcrey, Mexico. ’HI

*WiLS0N, Richard, Min. Mgr Mammoth Af. Co., Wallace, Idaho. ’09

fWiLsoN, R. T., Jb., . and Miner 33 Wall Street, New York. N. Y. ’91

Wilson, William A., Cons. Min. Engr., 610 Progress Bldg.,

Salt Lake City, Utah. ’83

Members And Associates.

Wilson, Walter B., Min. Engr Box 453, Colorado Springs, Colo.

*WiLTSEE, E. A., Cbem 850 Equitable Trust Bldg., Denver, Colo.

WiNCHELL, Alex. N State School of Mines, Butte, Mont.

*WiNCHELL, Horace V., Geol Anaconda Cop. M. Co., Butte, Mont.

WiNES, Jerry M., Miner P. 0. Box 783, El Paso, Texas.

*WiNOATE, Hamilton M., Chem. and Met., G-lenthorpe, Cotham Grove,

Bristol, England.

*Winmill, Hallett, Min. Engr.,

P. 0. Box 217, Coolgardie, Western Australia. *WiNSL0W, Arthur, Min. Engr. and Geol., Liberty Bell G. M. Co.,

308 Lyceum Bldg. , Kansas City, Mo.

fWiNSLOW, George C., Jr 107 Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass.

*WiSEMAN, Philip, Mgr 2313 So. Hope St., Los Angeles, Cal.

*WisHON, Walter W., Min. Engr Butte, Mont

WiSTER, Jones, Dealer in Pig Iron, Coal & Coke,

672 Bullitt Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

*WiTHERBEE, Frank S., Iron Mining Port Henry, K Y.

**WiTHERBEE, T. F., Supt., Mexican National Steel & Iron Co.,

Durango, Mexico.

*WiTHERBEE, WALTER C., Iron Business, Treas., Witherbee, Sherman & Co.,

Port Henry, N. Y.

*WoAKES, Ernest E., Cons. Min. Engr.,

78 Harley St, London, W. England. *WoLF, Albert H., Cons. and Contracting Engr., Boom 720 218 LaSalle St,

' Chicago, 111.

*WoLP, Theodore G 136 Wyoming Ave., Scranton, Pa.

**WoLFP, Dr. Fb. M 2 Jaegerstrasse, Berlin, West Germanv.

*WoLLE, Hartley C., Asst. ., Besssemer Mills, Cambria Steel Co.,

Johnstown, Pa.

Yang Tsang, Mine Mgr., Tong Colliery,

Tong Shan, near Tientsin, China.

>WooD, Alvinus B., Min. Engr., Treas.* Welded Steel Barrel Co.,

30 Medbury Ave., Detroit, Mich,

WooD, A. Hamilton, Vice-Pres. and Genl. Mgr., Crooked Fork Coal

& Coke Co., Petros, Tenn.

*Wooi), E. Fred., Vice-Pres., International Nickel Co.,

74 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

*WooD, E. Seymour, Chief Min. Engr., Bengal Coal Co., Ltd.,

6 Fairlee Place, Calcutta, India.

WooD, Howard, Pres Alan Wood Co., Conshohocken, Fa.

*WooD, Lee S., Mine Mgr 203 23d Ave., Denver, Colo.

*WoOD, Kobert a., Mine Engr.. .18 Queen Victoria St., London, E. C., Eng.

*WoOD, Thomas D., Iron 82 Vandergrift Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa.

*WooD, Tinglby L., Mining Leadville, Colo.

*WooD, Walter, Iron 400 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

*WooD, William 0., Mgr., By-Product Coke Ovens, Semet-Solvay Co.,

Benwood, W. Va.

WOODBRIDGE, Tyler K., Mgr. Taylor & Brunton Sampling Go.,

Victor, Colo.

Woodbury, Leander S., Pres-Great Falls Iron Works, Great Falls, Mont. Woodrow, James W., Genl. Supt., Corap. Minera de Pefioles,

Mapimi, Durango, Mexico.

92

'86

’01

’92

’01

’96

’98

’81

’97

’98

’82

’79

’76

’71

’80

’89

’82

’79

’82

’00

’82

’97

’86

’97

’88

’96

’97

’79

’89

’85

’00

’87

’80

’95

Members And Associates.

Woods, Fraitk M., Mine Mgr Victor, Colo. 98

*WoODWAiiD, AiiLAN H., Geni. Supt... Wood ward Iron Co , Woodward, Ala. ’00

Woodward, Henry E., Mine Supt Percy Cons. M. Co., Aspen, Colo. ’89

Woodworth, Todd C., Mine Supt Lake Linden, Midi. ’99

**WooLMER, Herbert C T., Genl. Mgr. Waitekauri Extended, Ltd.,

Maratoto, Auckland, New Zealand. ’98 Worthington, Charles C., Mech- Engr..l20 Liberty St., New York, N. Y. ’85

Weight, Cary, Mining Capitol Hotel, Boise, Idaho. ’00

Weight, Fred. A., Mining Apartado 89, Monterey, N. L., Mexico. ’02

Weight, James N., Mine Supt., retired, 34 Warren Ave., E. Detroit, Mich. ’79 *Wright, Lewis T., Genl. Mgr. and Supt. Engr., Mountain Cop. Co.,

Keswick, Cal. ’97

t W right, Philip E., Sales Agt 703 Girard Bldg,, Philadelphia, Pa. ’02

*Wbight, Sidney B , Met., Care Ponsonby & Bolton, 48 Queen St.,

Melbourne, Australia. ’00

**Wright, Whitaker 2 Whitehall Court, London, S. W., England. ’81

*Wright, William Q., Min. Engr 320 Sansome St., San Francisco, Cal. ’99

*Weightson, Wilfrid I., Min. Engr.. .Neasham Hall, Darlington, England. ’OO

Wrinkle, L. F. J., Min. Engr Kiverside Hotel, Keno, Nevada. ’01

*WxJENSCH, Alfred F., Min. Engr 1220 Corona St., Denver, Colo. *00

**WuEGLER, Andre, Min. Engr., Prof, of Mining,

7 Rue Vite, Paris, Prance. ’85

*WiJLFF, Christian S., Mgr Stuttenheim, G. C., So. Africa. ’98

*Wyatt, Francis, Chem 39 S. William St., New York, N. Y. ’87

Ashley H. P., Assayer, Care Calabacillas Mining Co.,

via San Jos4 de Gracia, Sinaloa, Mexico. ’95 o

*Yamanucht, Shigema, Cons. Engr. to Takata & Co.,

Kojimachi-Ku, Tokio, Japan. ’98

*Yard, Henry H., Min. Engr 415 Drexel Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ’98

*Yeates, William S., State Geol.. Atlanta, Ga. ’95

*Yeatman, Pope, Genl. Mgr , Bandfontein Estates & G. M. Co.. Ltd.,

Eandfontein, Transvaal, So. Africa. ’83 *Yonge, Allen M., Min. Engr., Thayer M. & M. Co., Miramar

(via New Orleans), Costa Bica, Central America. ’00

*York, James E., Cons. Engr. 52 Broadway, New York, N.Y. ’87

*Yorke, Charles A., Min. Engr..52 Rutland Gate, S. W., London, England. ’98 *YotriTG, Edward L., Engineer, Takata & C 0 ..IO Wall St , New York, N.Y. ’87 fYouNG, Francis E., V. Pres., Boston Exploration Co.,

20 Centi*al St., Boston, Mas-s. ’02 **Yoxjng, George J., Asst. Prof, of Met Univ. of Nevada, Bono, Nevada. ’00

Yoxtng, James S., Met 51 Grant Street, Glasgow, Scotland, ’95

Young, John C., Miner Baker City, Ore. ’(12

Yottng, John W., Secy., Allis-Chalmers Co., 25 Broad St,,

New York, N. Y. ’94

*Young, j. W. B , Strathmore, Eastern- Road, East Finchley, N.,

London, England. ’91

Young, Lewis E ,...P. 0. Box 19, Ames, Iowa. ’01

*YirNG, Morrison B., Assayer and Min. Engr., 748 Asylum Ave.,

Hartford, Conn, ’02

*Zambrano, Adolpho, Miner. Zbhnder, C. H

.P. 0. Box 0, Monterey, Mexico. ’02 ..25 Broad St., New York, N. Y. ’87

Members And Associates.

cm

Zeller, Frank M., Secy., Continental Mfg. Co., 400 Chestnut St.,

Philadelphia, Pa. ’00

*ZERBEy, Frederick E., Min. Engr 38 North Vine St., Hazleton, Pa. '92

*ZiMMERMAN, Adolph A., Chemist and Assayer Helena, Mont. ’96

fZiNTGRAPE, E Hohoken-les- Anvers, Antwerp, Belgium. ’98

Honorary Members 10

Members 3100

Associates 157

Total 3267

Deceased.

Jereascd.

Addy, Matthew 1896

Allen, K. B.. 1896

Amiot, H. 1-892

Amsleb, Cael 1894

Angsteom, Carl 1901

Aemstbong, John F 1898

Abnolds, Hugo 1886

Ashbubner, Charles Albert.. 1889

Ashbubner, William 1887

Atkins, C. M., Jr 1886

Ayers, William 1898

Babcock, Geo. H 1893

Bailey, Edward 1889

Bailey, Jackson 1887

Babnes,F.W 1892

Barns, George T 1900

Babratt,D.H 1888

Batterman, C. S 1901

Becher, H M 1893

Beeger, H 1892

Bell,G.B 1893

Bennett, David A 1897

Bierwith, L. C 1902

Billing, G 1890

Blake, F. C 1891

Blossom, T. M 1876

Boericke, Eudolph 1897

Booth, Edgar H 1898

Borda, E 1897

Bosher, 0. H 1894

Bowden, James H 1900

Bowman, Amos 1894

Boyle, Thomas G 1890

Braden, S 1894

Brainerd, a. F 1893

Beam WELL, J. FI 1894

Briggs, Kobert 1882

Beinsmade, J. B 1884

Brown, A. C 1890

Brown, A. J 1876

Browne, Arthur Richard 1900

Browning, F. D 1885

Bruckner, Wm 1887

Bbunings, j. H 1893

Bucke, M. a 1899

Buell, P. A 1900

Bullock, M. C 1899

Bunsen, Robert 1887

Butler, Cyrus 1890

Button, Edward 1900

Byers, Alexander M 1900

Caldwell, W. B., Jr 1880

Cameron, J ames R 1881

Campbell, William Y 1899

Cabkeek, John 1900

Carnegie, Thomas M 1886

Carpenter, J. H 1898

Carrel, F. J 1894

Carroll, Michael... 1891

Cary, John S 1899

Case, W. H 1898

Castillo, A. del 1895

Chaleant, John W 1898

Chambers, R. C 1901

Chanute, Arthur 1895

Chafer, Maurice 1896

Cheever, B. W 1888

Chisholm, Henry 1881

Chisholm, S. S 1901

Clark, C. J 1896

Clark, Ellis 1895

Clark, Henry G 1881

Clark, R. Neilson 1894

Clark, William 1884

Clayton, Joshua 1889

I Clayton, W. S 1886

Clemes, j. P 1876

I Cole, Harold M 1902

I Collins, Arthur L 1902

Collins, H. E 1896

Con ANT, T. P 1891

CoNRO, Albert 1901

Contreras, Manuel Maria 1902

Converse, James B 1883

Conyngham, C. M 1894

Cook, George H 1886

Corbett, Francis E 1901

Coryell, Martin 1892

Cowl AND, C. D 1894

Cowles, E.H 1892

CoxE, Eckley B 1895

Crafts, Walter 1896

Craven, Frank S 1889

Craven, Henry S 1889

Crocker, William B 1885

Curry, Henry M 1900

Daddow, S. H 1875

Dagron, j. G 1895

HAltgny, H. F. Q 1875

Darley, E. C 1901

Darling, J. V 1892

Darling, W. P 1896

Danbree, A 1890

Davidson, D. R 1884

Davipis, Ed w. S 1885

Davies, W. B 1891

Davis, M.C 1886

Dayton, L.M 1892

De Camp, A. H 1895

DbCamp,Edw. F 1895

DeCeano, E.G.. 1893

De Peigee, R. F. J 1883

Desloge, John M.. 1900

Dickson, Thomas 18S4

DrssTON, Horace C 1902

Disston, Thomas S 1895

Dodge, Wallace H.. 1895

Dodson, B. T 1896

Deceased.

Ct

Dominick, F. J 1895

Dorsey, E. B 1900

Dresser, Charles A 1873

Duefiell, P. W 1897

Durpee, W. F 1899

Dwight, W. S 1884

Egleston, Thomas 1900

Ely, Ei B 1884

Ely, GtEORge H 1894

Emanuel, W. H 1901

Emerson, B. F 1884

Emery, Charles E 1898

Engelmann, Henry 1899

Escobar, Mario 1901

Essery, E. H 1897

Evans, John D 1891

Fegeley, Isaac 1891

Felton, S. M 1884

Fernekes, Anton 1887

Ferris, G. W. G 1896

FiRiMSTONE, William 1875

Fisher, Harvey 1889

Fisher, H. H 1888

Foote, Herbert C 1880

Ford, Robert G 1891

Francis, A. G 1890

Freeman, H. C 1900

French, Aaron 1902

Fuller, John T 1885

Fuller, T. E 1898

Fultoh, G. E 1895

Furlonge, W. H 1896

Furman, FI. Van F 1902

Gaetzseliniann, Moritz 1895

Gatewood, K 1890

Gilson, W. K 1898

Gilbert, Edward G 1893

Goetz, G. W 1897

Goodwillie, J. B 1898

(iooDwiN, H.S 1892

Gould, Kobert A 1878

Gowen, Franklin B 1889

Gracey, F. P 1895

Graham, Thomas 1892

Grant, John A 1897

Gridley, Edward 1887

G-rippen, John 1884

Grubb, E. B 1899

Gruiier, L 1883

Guenther, Albert 1899

Gurley, W tLLiAM 1887

Hadley, W. C 1896

Hahn, Ignatius* 1888

H AINSWORTH, William 1896

1 1 A Lder, A Lbert H 1901

Hall, Isaac 1902

Hall, James F.,.., 1884

Hall, Jesse 1902

Hammer, Hakon 1896

Harlow, Mellen S 1901

Harniokell, a 1887

FI ARRIS, vStephen 1874

FIart, W. R 1892

Hartung, Max J 1894

Harvey, William H 1888

Hayden, Edward S 1899

Hazard, Rowland 1898

Healy, Morris 1881

Heard, John, Jr 1895

Hemphill, James 1900

Heinrich, Oswald 1886

Henry, Adolph 1892

Hicks, Geo. J 1891

Hillman, Daniel 1890

Hinton, F 1895

Hoatson, Thomas 1897

Hodgson, Thomas 1896

Hoefer, Eugene 1899

Holbrook, F. N 1902

Holden, E. F 1899

Holley, A. L 1882

Hollister, 0. J 1892

Hollow ay, J. F 1896

Hope, Frank E 1890

Horton, N. W... 1886

Hosie, James P 1898

Hosking, George F 1895

Howard, T 1896

Huhn, E. C. 0 1894

Hulbert, Thomas H 1889

Humphreys, A. W 1894

Hunt, Alfred E 1899

Hunt, Joseph 1897

Hunt, Joshua 1886

Hunt, Thomas 1872

Hunt, T. Sterry 1892

Hussey, C. 0 .. 1884

Hyndman, E. K 1884

Tngebsoll, S. Warren 1884

Inman, A. L 1894

Ireland, Thomas A 1902

Irving, R. D, 1888

Irwin, John H 1890

James, Isaac E 1887

James, Reese 1899

Jamieson, M. B 1895

Janin, Alexis 1897

Janney, Morris P 1898

Jenney, F. B 1876

Jernegan, j. L 1881

Jessop, Wmiam H 1900

Johnson, Isaac G 1902

Johnson, William E 1901

Johnston, W. N 1880

Jones, D. N 1889

Jones, Edward 1892

Jones, Griffith 1888

Jones, W. R 1889

Jordan, Samson 1900

Jousseltn, A. L 1897

Kelly, G. D 1892

Kerr, Prop. W. C 1885

Kimball, Hiram..,. 1899

King, Clarence 1901

King, Porter 1901

Kingsley, J. Cook 1899

Koch, E. C 1898

Koehler, Walter J. 1901

Deceased,

Kornberg, Gr . A

Kreischee, C.Gr

Keiete, Henry C

Kurimoto, Ren

Labeam, GEORaE

Lamboen, E. H

Landsbeeq-, E

Labnach, W. J. M

Lavaleye, E. be

Le Conte, Joseph

Lee, E. H

Lee, E. H

Lee, Washington

Leiseneing, E. B

Leisenring, John

Lewis, David B

Lewis, James F

Liebenad, Charles von.,

Lienau, D B

Lindsay, Edward H

Loans, W. E

Lobdell, Geo. G

Loiseau, E. F

Lord, John C

Lord, E. F

Lorenz, W

Lorenz, W., Jr

Lowe, Francis A

McCormack, Henry

McGennis, J. W

McIntire, Henry M

McKee, David

McKeown, S. W

McNair, Thos. S...

Mackintosh, J. B

Mackintosh, W. S

MacLaren, Duncan N...,

MacLean, F- P

MacMartin, Archibald.

Macy, Arthur

Macy, Charles A., 2d

Maffet, W. R

Manness, Charles F

Manthey, William

Manzavino, N

March, W. J

Marsh, Charles W

Marsh, Walter

Martine, Charles A

Marvin, Selden, E

Matthews, C. W

Maury, M. P

Means, Archibald

Mellors, Paul

Merour, Frederick

Messer, Edgar H

Michaelis, 0. E

Mxckley, j. W

Middleton, W. B

Miles, Fred P

Miller, C. H

Miller, Reuben

Mills, James E

Moffat, E. S

Moister, I- R

Molson, j. H. R

Moore, Charles W.—

Moore, James

Morgan, J

Morgan, Thomas R

Morris, S. Fisher

Nason, Henry B

Nelson, W. S

Newberry, W. E

Newton, Henry

Newton, Isaac

Nichols, Edw

Nichols, N. J

Nicholson, A. H

Nielson, James

Nitze, H. B. C

Noble, Samuel

Noblet, A

! Norton, F. 0

O’Farrell, John J...

Oliver, William

Owen, Frank

Owen, J. R. D

Painter, Howard

i Park, James, Jr

Parker, 0. B

Parks, John C

Parsons, Charles 0..

Patera, Adolph...,

Patterson, W. E.'

Percy, John

Peters, J. C i

Peters, Samuel.

Pettibone, Augustus.

Phelps, Walter

Phillips, P. E

Pierson, O. H

Platt, Franklin

Platt, J, C

Platt, W. G

Pleasants, Henry

Plummer, J. W

Porter, Geo. A

Posepny, Franz

Potes, J. D

Powell, John B

Pratt, N. W

Price, E. A

Price, J. A

Priest, J. B

Prince, P

Ramsay, M

I Rand, Addison C

Band, Jasper B

Bawling. Charles Q.

Beddy, P

Beed, H. L

Beid, j. M

Beinhardt, H. 0

Biohards, George

Bichter, C. E

Bichter, Theodor

Rickard, Alfred

1900’

1902'

1899*

1900'

1B92 1892‘ 1902'

1900*

DECEASED. CVli

Eickard, Ebuben 1896

Eickabd, E. H 1885

Eicketson, John H 1900

Eider, W. E 1892

Eingelino, Frank 1893

Eiotte, Eugene JST 1891

Eoberts-Aiisten, W. C 1902

Eobinson, L. L 1892

Eobinson, Thomas W 1880

Eogers, a. N 1890

Eoosevelt, Elliott 1894

Eosecrans, W. S 1898

EoTHWELL, Eichard P 1901

Eotthoef, William 1897

Santa Marta, Eaymundo be... 1883

Savage, E. G 1891

Saylor, David 0 1884

ScHAUFUSS, E. C 1889

Schirmer, J. F. L 1877

vSCHLINK, T 1893

Schmalensee, Carl Von 1887

ScHucHARD, Charles 1883

Schwartz, J. E 1900

Scranton, W. H 1889

Seddon, T 1896

Serlo, Albert 1898

Seymour, L. 1 1900

Sheafer, P. W 1891

Shields, C. 0 1896

Shinn, W.P 1892

Sickles, T. E 1885

Siemens C. William 1883

SiLLIMAN, B 1885

SiLLIMAN, J. M 1896

Sims, Alfred W 1895

Skinner, T. L 1894

Slade, F, J 1891

Sluder, E. E 1897

Smalley, W. A 1886

Smith, Frederick H 1899

Smith, Hamilton 1900

Smith, J. Harcourt 1899

Smith, H.S 1899

Smith, W.T 1898

Spottswood, G. a 1896

Sprow, j. H 1895

Stanley, Henry M 1902

Steitz, Augustus 1876

Sterling, Henry S 1882

Stetefeldt, C. a 1896

Stevens, Andrew 1895

Stevens, Edwin A 1902

Stevens, Wm. F 1902

Stinson, John M 1884

St. John, L M 1880

Stoddard, A, B 1900

Stookwell, Ff. 8 1 888

Stoddee, B. H 1889

Stoblting, Hermann 1875

Stollmbyer, a. B 1890

Stone, Gen. Charles P 1887

Stone, G. G 1893

Straker, Tooke 1892

Striedinger, j. H 1894

Swindell, William 1902

Swoyer, John H 1899

Symington, W. 1899

Symons, W. E 1888

Taunton, F. W 1900

Teft, Walter 1885

Thaw, Wm., Jr 1892

Thielen, Alexander 1897

Thomas, David 1882

Thomas, D. M 1895

Thomas, John 1897

Thomas, Sidney G 1885

Thompson, F. A 1897

Thompson, Prof. C. 0 1885

Thompson, William T 1899

Thomson, John L 1900

Thonard, Leon 1886

Tileman, John N 1888

Torrance, J. F. 1895

Torrey, Gray 1898

Tower, A 1891

Trippel, Alexander 1896

Troilius, M 1886

Tunuer, Peter Ritter v. 1897

Tuttle, H. A 1888

Tyson, James W 1900

Ulrich, George H. F 1900

Vale, Stephen W 1902

VanSlooten, Wm 1901

Van Tuyll, C. B 1890

Van Wickle, A. S 1898

Van Zandt, F 1892

Veeder, H 1896

Vezin, Henry A 1902

Wagner, J. R 1890

Waithman, Hubert 1891

Walker, Hamilton 1895

Walker, Joseph R 1901

Walker, W. J. B 1894

Walsh, Edward, Jr.. 1901

W ALTER, T. Frank ; 1888

Walz, IsiDOR 1877

Warner, L. E 1884

Waters, J.H.E 1893

Waters, Thomas J 1898

Watson, Frederick M 1900

Watson, Wm 1902

Watts, D 1893

Webb, H. Walter 1900

Weeks, Joseph D 1896

Weir, Robert S 1898

Welch, Ashbbl 1882

Wells, Bard 1893

Wendel, Dr. a 1881

Wendt, A. F 1893

West, A. R 1893

Wheatley, Charles M 1882

Wheeler, Moses D 1889

Wheelock, Jerome 1902

Whilldin, W. I 1882

Whitaker, Thomas D 1896

White, James B 1887

Whyte, John S 1902

WiESTLING, G. B 1891

Deceased.

WrLCOx, S 1898

Williams, Fbank 1901

Williams, Henby 1902

Williams, J. J 1892

Wilson, J. A 1896

Wilson, J.W 1894

WisTER, John 1900

WiTHERBEE, J. Gr 1875

Wood, James G 1899

Wood, W. Dewees 1899

Wood, Wm. J 1885

WooDEORD, Clarence A 1898

Worthington, Henry E 1880

Wright, Charles E 1888

Wright, Harrison 1885

Wrigley, H. E 1882

WuRTS, C.P. 1892

Yardley, Thomas W 1900

Young, James B 1902

LIST OS' MEETINfiS.

LIST OF THE MEETINGS OF THE INSTITUTE AND THEIK LOCAL- ITIES FROM ITS ORGANIZATION TO OCTOBER, 1902.

Transactions.

Number. Place.

Date.

VoL Page

I. Wilkes-Barre, Pa.*

May, 1871

II. Bethlehem, Pa

August, 1871

III. Troy, N. Y

IV. Philadelphia, Pa

V. New York, ]Sr,Y.*

May, 1872

VI. Pittsburg, Pa

VII. Boston, Mass

VIII. Philadelphia, Pa.*

May, 1873

IX. Easton, Pa

X. New York, N. Y

XI. St. Louis, Mo.*

XII. Hazleton, Pa

XIII. New Haven, Conn

XIV. Dover, N. J.*

May, 1875

XV. Cleveland, 0

XVI. Washington, D. C

February, 1876

XVII. Philadelphia, Pa.f

XVIII. Philadelphia, Pa

XIX. New York, N. Y

XX. Wilkes-Barre, Pa.*

May, 1877

XXI. Amenia, N. Y

XXII. Philadelphia, Pa

XXIII. Chattanooga, Tenn.*

May, 1878,

XXIV. Lake George, N. Y

October, 1878

XXV. Baltimore, Md.*

XXVI. Pittsburg, Pa

May, 1879

XXVII. Montreal, Canada

XXVm. New York, N. Y.*

XXIX. Lake Superior, Mich.,

XXX. Philadelphia, Pa.,*

XXXI. Staunton, Va

May, 1881

XXXII. Harrisburg, Pa

XXXIII. Washington, D. C.*

February, 1882

XXXrV. Denver, Col

XXXV. Boston, Mass.*

XXXVL Koanoke, Va

XXXVII. Troy, N.Y

XXXVIII. Cincinnati, 0.*

XXXIX. Chicago, 111

May, 1884

XL. Philadelphia, Pa

September, 1884

XLL New York, N.Y.*

Annual meetini: for the election of ofllcers. The rules were amended at the Chattanooga neeting, May, 1S78, changing the annual election from May to February, t Begun in May at Easton, Pa., for the election of officers, and adjourned to Philadelphia.

List Of Mbitings.

Transactions.

Number. Place.

Date.

Vol.

Page

XLII. Chattanooga, Tenn

May, 1885

SLIII. Halifax, N. S

September, 1885

XLIV. Pittsburg, Pa

February, 1886

XLV. Bethlehem, Pa

XLVL St. Louis, Mo

XLVII. Scranton, Pa*

XL VIII. Utah and Montana

July, 1887...

XLIX. Duluth, Minn

July, 1887

L. Boston, Mass.*

LI. Birmingham, Ala

May, isk

LII. Bufialo, K Y

LIII. New York, N.Y*

LIV. Colorado

LY. Ottawa, Canada

October, 1889

LVI. Washington, D. C

LVII. New York, N.Y

LVIII. New York, N.Y.*

LIX. Cleveland, 0

LX. Glen Summit, Pa

LXI. Baltimore, xMd.*

LXII. Plattsburgh, N. Y

xxxiu.

LXIIL Beading, Pa

LXIV. Montreal, Canada*

LXV. Chicago, 111

LXVI. Virginia Beach, Va

LXVn. Bridgeport, Conn

LXVm. Floridaf

LXIX. Atlanta, Ga

October, 1895

LXX. Pittsburg, Pa.*

February, 1896

LXXI. Colorado

LXXir. Chicago, 111

February, 1897

LXXIIL Lake Su perior

LXXIV. Atlantic City, N.

LXXV. Buffalo, N.Y.

October, 1898

LXXVL Xew York City*

LXXVII. California

LXXVIII. Washington, D. C.*.

.Xxx.

LXXIX. Canada

August, 1900

LXXX. Eichmond, Va,*

February, 190L

LXXXI. Mexico...

November, 1901. .xxxi. andxxxii.

LXXXII. Philadelphia, Pa.J

...May, 1902.

LXXXIII. New Haven, Conn

October, 1902

xxxiii*

Annual meeting for the election of officers.

t Begun in February at New York City, for the election of officers, and adjourned to Florida.

“ to Philadelphia.

Publications.

The publications of the Institute comprise :

Pamphlets.

1. The minutes of the Proceedings of each Meeting.

2. Such of the papers presented or read by title at each Meeting as are furnished by the authors and approved by the Council for full publication. (In nearly all cases in which papers, the titles of which appear in the Proceedings, are not subsequently published, they have been withdrawn by the authors.) These papers are pub- lished separately in pamphlet form, and are marked subject to revision.” Beyond the edition distributed, without charge, to mem- bers and associates not in arrears, a small supply is retained to meet subsequent demand. There are no copies on hand of papers read before 1880. The stock is nearly complete from 1880. These papers are for sale at the office of the Secretary, or are sent to pur- chasers by mail or express, charges paid, on receipt of the price, as follows :

No. OF Pages.

Single Copies.

10 Copies.

20 Copies.

8 or less

$0 10

$0 60

Si 00

9 to 12 inclusive

13 to 16 “

17 to 20 ‘‘

21 to 24

; 0 20 j

25 to 40 “ !

41 to 56 “

57 to 72 “

73 to 88 1

89 to 104 “

! 0 45

105 to 120 “ !

Papers with, folders and inserted plates subject to special price.

Transactions.

The volumes of Transactions, which are published annually, con- tain the list of officers, rules, etc., the Proceedings, and the papers revised for final publication. (In this revision, after the prelimi- nary publication, authors are permitted to use the largest liberty ; and the changes and additions made in papers are sometimes im- portant. It should be borne in mind by those who study or quote a paper in the preliminary edition, that they may not have in that form the ultimate and deliberate expression of the author's views. It should be added, however, that in the majority of cases there are no important changes.) These volumes are for sale as follows, in paper covers :

Publications.

Vols. I. to IV., inclusive, each, $3 00

Vols. V. to VIII., inclusive, each, 4 00

Vols. IX. and X. (a small supply only on hand), . . 10 00

Vols. XI. to XXIX., inclusive, each, 5 00

Vols. XXX. and XXXI., each, 6 00

Vol. XXXII., 5 00

Half-morocco binding, $1 extra per volume.

Indexes and Special Editions.

Index, Vols. XVI, to XX., inclusive, paper, . . . . $1 00

Index, Vols. XXI. to XXV., inclusive, cloth, . . . 1 25

Index, Vols. XXVI, to XXX., inclusive, cloth, . . . 1 50

Indexes, Vols. I. to XV., XVL to XX., XXI. to XXV.,

XXVI. to XXX , bound in one volume, cloth, . . 4 00

“ The Genesis of Ore-Deposits,’ comprising the famous treat-

ise of the late Professer Franz Posepny, with the suc- cessive discussions thereof by Le Conte, Blake, Winchell,

Church, Emmons, Becker, Cazin, Kickard and Raymond (all of which were published in Volumes XXIII. and XXIV. of the Transactions of the Institute, and subse- quently in the special “ Posepny Volume,” issued by the Institute) ; also, later papers by Van Hise, Emmons,

Weed, Lindgren, Vogt, Kemp, Blake, Rickard and others, and the discussions of these papers by De Launay, Beck, and many others (some of these were included in Vol- ume XXX. and the balance will appear in Volume XXXI.) ; also a complete bibliography of the Institute papers and discussions on this subject from 1871 to the present time.

The original Posepny volume comprised 265 pages, and was sold for $2.50, at which price the edition was long since exhausted. The present volume is an octavo of 825 pages, bound in book-linen,” of the same color as the standard binding of the Transactions, . . . 6 00

Half-morocco bound copies, 7 (K)

“The Evolution of Mine-Surveying Instruments.” This is a volume of about 400 pages, issued in the same style as the foregoing, and containing the original paper of Mr. Dunbar D. Scott on that subject {Transactions, XXVIII.), first published in 1898, togetlier with later papers, continuing the same subject, and discussions thereof, by Hoskold, Lyman, Davis and many others.

Memorial of Alexander L. Holley, with portrait, clotii, . 1

Glossary of Mining and Metallurgical Terms (1881), doth, 50 List of Members, Rules, etc., paper, 50

Publications.

Authors’ Editions of Pamphlets.

Extra copies, when ordered before the printing of the pamphlet edition, are furnished to authors, under Rule VII., at the following rates :

No. OP Pages.

50 Copies.

100 Copies.

250 Copies.

Each addi- tionallOOcopies above 250.

4 or less

$1 25

$1 50

$2 25

So 50

5 to 8 inclusive

9 to 12 “

13 to 16 “

17 to 20 “

21 to 24 “

25 to 28 “

29 to 32 “

Covers (including print- ing on first page of the

saine), extra

Papers with folders and inserted plates subject to special price.

All communications and remittances should be addressed to R. W. Raymond, Secretary, 99 John St., or P. 0. Box 223, New York City,

H

Rules

ADOPTED MAY, 1873. AMENDED MAY, 1875, 1877, AND 1878, FEBRUARY, 1880, 1881 , 1887, 1890, AND 1896.

Objects.

The objects of the American Institute of Mining Engineers are to promote the arts and sciences connected with the economical production of the useful min- erals and metals, and the welfare of those employed in these industries, by means of meetings for social intercourse, and the reading and discussion of professional papers, and to circulate, by means of publications among its members and asso- ciates, the information thus obtained.

Membership.

The Institute shall consist of Members, Honorary Members, and Associates. Members and Honorary Members shall be professional mining engineers, geolo- gists, metallurgists, or chemists, or persons practically engaged in mining, metal- lurgy, or metallurgical engineering. Associates shall include all suitable persons desirous of being connected with the Institute, and duly elected as hereinafter provided. Each person desirous of becoming a member or associate shall be pro- posed by at least three members or associates, approved by the Council, and elected by ballot at a regular meeting (or by ballot at any time conducted through the mail, as the Council may prescribe) upon receiving three-fourths of tlie votes cast, and shall become a member or associate on the payment of his first dues, P>ch person proposed as an honorary member shall be recommended by at least ten members or associates, approved by the Council, and elected by ballot at a regular meeting (or by ballot at any time conducted through the mail, m the Council may prescribe) on receiving nine-tenths of the votes cast ; JFVow’dad, that the number of honorary members shall not exceed twenty. The Council may at any time change the classification of a person elected as associate, so as to make him a member, ov me versa subject to the approval of the Institute, All members and associates shall he equally entitled to the privileges of membership ; Proinded that honorary members shall not he entitled to vote, and members or associates whose post-office address shall be outside of the United States, Canada and Mexico shall not he entitled to vote by mail, except upon proposed amendments to the Rules.

Rules.

Any member or associate may be stricken from tbe list on recommendation of the Council, by the vote of three-fourths of the members and associates present at any annual meeting, due notice having been mailed in writing by the Secretary to the said member or associate.

Dues.

The dues of members and associates shall be ten dollars, payable upon their election, and ten dollars per annum thereafter, payable in advance on the first day of each calendar year. Honorary members shall not be liable to dues. Any member or associate not in arrears may become by the payment of one hundred dollars at one time a life-member or associate, and shall not be liable thereafter to annual dues. Any member or associate in arrears may, at the discretion of the Council, be deprived of the receipt of publications, or stricken from the list of members when in arrears for one year ; Provided, that he may be restored to mem- bership by the Council on payment of all arrears, or by re-election after an interval of three years.

Officers.

The affairs of the Institute shall be managed by a Council, consisting of a Presi- dent, six Vice-Presidents, nine Managers, a Secretary and a Treasurer, who shall be elected from, among the members and associates of the Institute at the annual meetings, to hold office as follows :

The President, the Secretary, and the Treasurer for one year (and no person shall be eligible for immediate re-election as President who shall have held that office subsequent to the adoption of these rules, for two consecutive years), the Vice-Presidents for two years, and the Managers for three years j and no Vice- President or Manager shall be eligible for immediate re-election to the same office at the expiration of the term for which he was elected. At each annual meeting a President, three Vice-Presidents, three Managers, a Secretary, and a Treasurer shall be elected, and the term of office shall continue until the adjournment of the meeting at which their successors are elected.

The duties of all officers shall be such as usually pertain to their offices, or may be delegated to them by the Council or the Institute ; and the Council may in its discretion require bonds to be given by the Treasurer. At each annual meeting the Council shall make a report of proceedings to the Institute, together with a financial statement.

Vacancies in the Council may occur by death or resignation ; or the Council may, by a vote of the majority of all its members, declare the place of any officer vacant, on his failure for one year, from inability or otherwise, to attend the Council meetings or perform the duties of his office. All vacancies shall be filled by the appointment of the Council, and any person so appointed shall hold office for the remainder of the term for which his predecessor was elected or appointed ; Provided, that the said appointment shall not render him ineligible at the next annual meeting.

Five members of the Council shall constitute a quorum ; but the Council may appoint an Executive Committee, or business may he transacted at a regularly dialled meeting of the Council, at which less than a quorum is present, subject to

Exiles.

the approval of a majority of the Council, subsequently given in writing to the Secretary, and recorded by him with the minutes.

Elections.

The annual election shall be conducted as follows : Nominations may be sent in writing to the Secretary, accompanied with the names of the proposers, at any time not less than thirty days before the annual meeting ; and the Secretary shall, not less than two weeks before the said meeting, mail to every member or asso- ciate (except honorary members) a list of all the nominations for each office so received, together with a copy of this rule, and the names of the persons ineligible for election to each office ; and if the Council, or a Committee thereof, appointed for the purpose, shall have recommended any nominations, such recommendation may also be sent to members and associates with the said list of all nominations made, but not upon the same paper. And each member or associate, qualified to vote, may vote, either by striking from or adding to the names of the said list, leav- ing names not exceeding in number the officers to be elected, or by preparing a new list, signing said altered or prepared ballot with his name, and either mail- ing it to the Secretary or presenting it in person at the annual meeting ; Provided that no member or associate in arrears since the last annual meeting shall be allowed to vote until the said arrears shall have been paid. The ballots shall be received and examined by three Scrutineers, appointed at the annual meeting by the presiding officer ; and the persons who shall have received the greatest num- ber of votes for the several offices shall be declared elected, and the Scrutineers shall so report to the presiding officer. The ballots shall be destroyed, and a list of the elected officers, certified by the Scrutineers, shall be preserved by the Secretary.

Meetings.

The annual meeting of the Institute shall take place on the third Tuesday of February, at which a report of the proceedings of the Institute and an abstract of the accounts shall be furnished by the Council. Other meetings shall be held in each year, at such times and places as the Council shall select, and notice of all meetings shall be given by mail, or otherwise, to all members and associates, at least twenty days in advance.

Every question which shall come before any meeting of the Institute, shall be decided, unless otherwise provided by these Eules, by the votes of a majority of the members then present. Any member or associate may introduce a stranger to any meeting ; but the latter shall not take part in the proceedings without the consent of the meeting.

Papers And Publications.

The Council shall have power to decide on the propriety of communicating Uy the Institute any papers which may be received, and they shall beat liberty, when they think it desirable, to direct that any paper read before the Institute shall

Euleb.

be printed in the Transactions. Intimation, when practical, shall be given, at each general meeting, of the subject of the paper or papers to be read, and of the questions for discussion at the next meeting. The reading of papers shall not be delayed beyond such hour as the presiding officer shall think proper ; and the election of members or other business may be adjourned by the presiding officer, to permit the reading and discussion of papers. The published papers and yoT umes of Transactions shall be distributed to all members and associates not in arrears, and may be sold to the public upon such conditions as the Council shall prescribe ; but the Council may, in its discretion, omit sending to members and associates outside of the United States, Canada and Mexico, special circulars, unless the same contain proposed amendments to the Kules.

The copyright of all papers communicated to, and accepted by, the Institute, shall be vested in it, unless otherwise agreed between the Council and the author. The author of each paper read before the Institute shall be entitled to twelve copies, if printed, for his own use, and shall have the right to order any number of copies at the cost of paper and printing, provided said copies are not intended for sale. The Institute is not, as a body, responsible for the statements of fact or opinion advanced in papers or discussions at its meetings, and it is understood that papers and discussions should not include matters relating to politics or purely to trade ; nor shall the Council or the Institute officially approve or dis- approve any technical or scientific opinion or any proposed enterprise outside the management of the meetings, discussions and publications of the Institute, as pro- vided in these Eules ; Fromded however, that committees may be appointed by the Council or the Institute to make investigations and submit reports at meetings ‘ of the Institute ; but no action shall be taken binding the Institute for or against the conclusions of any such reports.

Amendments.

These Eules may be amended at any annual meeting by a two-thirds vote of the members present Provided, that written notice of the proposed amendment shall have been given at a previous meeting ; and Provided, also, that the amendment or amendments so adopted shall be printed upon a ballot and sent, not later than the next distribution of printed matter, to all members and associates not in arrears for the preceding year (except honorary members and foreign members elected before February, 1880), and each person receiving the same shall be requested to return it to the Secretary with his written vote of Yes or No to each amendment, and his signature ; and the President shall appoint as Scrutineers three members or associates, who shall examine all of the said ballots which shall have been re- turned within one month from the date of their distribution, and shall report the result ; and the Secretary shall publish and distribute to members, not later than the next distribution of printed matter, an announcement of the said resxilt so re- ported, together with the text of the additional or amended rule or rules so adopted; and the amendment -or amendments approved by the majority of the ballots so returned and reported shall become part of these Eules from and after the publication of said announcement by the Secretary.

Proceedings of the Eighty-First Meeting, Mexico, November, 1901.

Honobaby Fbesidents Of Entebtatnment Committees.

Hon, Leandko Fernandez, of Fomento,

Hon. Jose Ives Limantoitr, 3Iinister of Finance.

Hon. Justino Fernandez, Minister of Justice and Fithlic Instruction.

Hon, G-dillebmo db Landa y Escand6n, 3Iayor of the City of Afexico.

Carlos F. de Landero, E.M., C.E., Vice-Fresident of the Institute.

Committees.

Local Committee of the City of Alexico. — Board of Directors : Victor M. Braschi, Fresid&nt; Ezequiel Ordonez, First Viee-Fresident ; Edmundo Girault, Second Vice-Fresident ; Henry M. Stanley, Secretary; John F. Allan, Treasurer; Manuel Fernandez Leal, Manuel Maria Contreras, Andres Aldasoro, Joaquin Beltran, Gilberto Montiel, Joaquin Bamos, Jose G. Aguilera, Eduardo Martinez Vaca, Alberto Hoppenstedt, Gabriel Mancera, Federico Albert, Leon Signoret, Ever- ardo Hegewiscli, G. M. Stewart, H. K. Nickerson, Tomils Braniff, Gabriel Mor- ton, J. H. Hampson, Tomas J. Eyder, I. J. Seligman, Jos de Landero y Cos, Sebastian Camacho, Telesforo Garcia, George D. Barron, Andres Bermejillo, Alberto Cagiga Berruecos, Emilio Elcoro, Guillermo Portilla, J. L. Phillips, Jos Castellot, George Cook, W. W. Graham, J. C. Mordough, General John B. Frisbie, Charles Clegg, Major ll. B. Gorsuch, L. L. Ward, John E, Davis, Othon Bercht, Eobert Hay Anderson, E. M. de Arozarena, W. M. Brodie, Eichard E. Chism, James G,. Hardy, Charles Ivleinschmidt, Gustavo Tliorkild- sen, E, F. Ayton, A. B, Carpenter, Charles E. Coxe, Luis V. Emanuel, P. L. Foster, Philip W. K. Eobertson, August Sahlberg, George P. Chaplin, P. Eioseco, Arthur Chippendale, Godfrey T. Vivian, Stephen W. Stackpole, Julius E. Ambrosias, Hon, Leandro Fernandez, Hon. Jose Ives Liman tour, Justino Fernandez, Guillermo de Landa y Escandon and Carlos F. de Landero.

Local Committee of Chihuahua. — Gobernador Miguel Ahumada, Enrique C. Creel, Cruz Gonz£ez, Guadalupe Gonzalez, Forbes Rickard, G. D. Meiklejohn, R Anderson, Col John Weir, Col. W. W. Mills, C. Sheldon, Lorenzo J, Arel- lano, Carlos F. de Landero, J. M. Sanchez, Oton Sarto rius, E. IL Cook, Juan A. Creel, A. H. Kraft, Pedro E. Prieto, Manuel Gameros, Salvador Arellano, F, P. Mattox, W. H. Kraft, W. T. Lampe, J. W. Malcolnison, Capt. C. G. Scobell, E. M. Dudley, C. L. Graves, J. M. Wilson, R. J. de Morambert, J. D. McKenzie, Martin Falomir, Jesus Falomir, Juan Terrazas, Federico Terrazas, Juan H, Faudoa, Alberto Terrazas, Sergio Sinchez, Jos. Elexire, W. G. Gibson, J. G. Sample, Luis de la Garza Cardenas, P. S. Kirkland, J. M. Pender, Vicente Hor- casitas, J, Pothast, A. C. Nash, J. F. Treviho, F. H. Husted, Victor Gabrero, Carlos Guilty, Harvey B. Lawrence, Schuyler B. Lawrence, E. W. Iliff, Charles C. Seawell, G. C. Harding, Benig Perez Gil, G. C. Moye, Cl M. Bojas Vertiz, Juan de Dios de Milicua, Guillermo Kraft, Jesus Acosta, J. IL Williamson, Alfredo Kraft, J. D. Meiklejohn, H. Anderson, Jos4 D. Riego, Dr. Francisco Armendariz, Santiago S. Cardenas, George F, Brittingham, Eduardo Guilty, Manuel Gameros, Salvador Atelano, P. P. Mattox.

Proceedings Of Mexican Meeting.

Local Committee of Parral. — Tito Arriola, Jose Maria Botello, Angel Garcia, Juan Almanzan, Pedro Alvarado, Norberte Domingues, Francisco Gomez, Jos6 Larroque, Wenceslao Fuentes, D. Garmendia, Felipe Arellano, Guadalupe Bios, Eamon Gonzalez y Salas, R. J. Long, W. W. Emery, G. A. Burr. Joseph Freu- denstein, G. P. Mackie, Charles Preusse, Spencer Cragoe, A. E. Swain, Charles Stork, J. E. Cunningham, William C. Beckman, J. P. Cruger, H. Wendler, N. H. Emmons 2d, J. I. Long, J. Flynn, Carlos Dietmar, J. L. Helm, Edward L. Bufourc, E. M. Evans, Leopoldo Iwonsky, Jose Palacios, M. A. Warner, E. O. Matthews, D. W. Grubbs, T. H. Thatcher.

Local Committee of Pachuca. — Felipe N. Barros, Edmundo Girault, R. Moore, Rafael Flores Alatorre, Ignacio Symonds, Adrian Parres, E. Watters, Enrique Quintanilla, E. Zuloaga, C. Sanchez Mejorado, A. Irizarri, G. Blumenau, A. Spamer, F. 0. Renstron, Aquilino Parres, N. Morton, T. Brademburg, J. San- chez Mejorada, F. Hernandez, Jr., R. Torres, P. A. Gutierrez, Luis Carriom, J. Gonzalez, A. Romera, Dr. Augustin Navarro Cardona, J. Perez Duarte, H. Rodriguez, R. M. de Arozarena, FroiUn Jimenez, Jesus Manzano, Manuel Teja, Pablo Northey, Dr. J. de da P. Jimenez, Alberto Espinosa, Joaquin Martinez, Eduardo del Corral, Miguel M. Bracho, Fernando P. Tagle, Luis Hernandez, Augustin Straffon, Ignacio M. Arciniega, Alvaro Rodriguez, Leoncio Hernd-ndez, Alejandro Mondoza, Joaquin Lara, Leonardo Rubio, Manuel Islas, Joaquim Calero, Miguel Alvarez, Jesus Gil, Manuel Ortega Filio, Eduardo Luque, Ramon Revilla, Jesus Icaza, Javier Rosete, Jesus M. Fraustro, Antonio Ramiro, Silvestre Garcia, Arturo Viniegra, Leopoldo Rosales, Ramon Rosales, Trinidad Hidalgo, Antonio Ramiro, Vicente 1. Islas, Nemesio Agnilar, Francisco J. Velez, Perfecto C. Omanda, Rafael Aguilar, Vicente Madrid, Jesus Rodriguez, Francisco tSessom, Rodolfo Munoz, Alfredo Bishop, Pedro Rioseco, Jos4 Calero, Raul Prieto, Rafael Salazar, Juan Barron, Manuel Ordohez, Francisco C. O’Gorman, Francisco J. Velez, Ignacio Rivera, Juan Hales, Augustin Inurritegui, Tomas Soloman, Jaime Bennets, Juan Bennets, Jr., Guillermo Dawe, Carlos Dawe, R. Skewes, Juan Gundry, Josd Granados, Francisco Rule, Alfonso Granados, G. Bayona, Guillermo Rule, Francisco H. Rule, Enrique Arthur, Juan Pratt, Vicente Roqueni, Doctore Manuel Majera, Gonzalo Castaneda, Arturo Stockdale, Salvador Jim4nez, Francisco Rosete, Gabriel Revilla, Guadalupe Sanchez, Ramon Casteneda y Pal- omar, Trinidad Vazquez, Juan C. Rule, F. C. Jaggy, Trinidad Hidalgo, Enrique Bunt, Juan E. Contreras, Ignacio Blancas, Nye’ Morton, Horatio Symonds.

Local Committee of Guadalajara. — Gabriel Castanos, President; Ignacio Guavara, Vim-President ; Ambrosio Ulloa, Secretary; Gabriel Castillo, Ignacio Guavara, Juan Jo8(S Matute, Mariano Schiaffino, Daniel V. Navarro, Rafael de la Mora ; also the members of the Society of Engineers and leading merchants and bankers.

Local Committee of Guanajuato. — Ponciano Aguilar, Joaquin Parres, Roberto Fernandez, L. M. Cockerell, Manuel L. Ajuria, Pfo R. Alatorre, R4mon Alcazar, Manuel Antill6n, Manuel Aranda, Manuel Balarezo, G. W. Bryant, Andres Bravo, Juan Castelazo, Ernesto Castelazo, Rodrigo Castelazo, Francisco Castro, Ricardo Chico, Juan N. Contreras, Cornelio Cornejo, Alex. J. Gumming, Edu- ardo Gumming, Amado Delgado, Dwight A, C. Furness, Jestis Fernandez, Juan M. Garma, Enrique Glennie, Ricardo A. Glennie, Luis Gderne, Vicente GonzMez, Felipe Gonzilez, Ignacio Ibargiiengoitia, Ignacio A. Lozano, Enrique Medina, M. E. McDonald, Enrique Martinez, G. W. McElhiney, Pablo Orozco, Pablo Parkman, Fernando Parkman, Samuel A. Parkman, Jos4 A. Pesquera, Ignacio Rocha, Atanasio Rocha, Carlos Robles, Francisco Reynoso, Eusebio Rojas, Luis Silva, Amado Saavedra, Ignacio Sanchez.

€Xx

PROCEBDINaS OF MEXICAN MEETING.

Local Committee oj J..( 7 U(xscafoi 6 s. —Alejandro Vasquez del Mercado, Alberto M. Bavalos, Jos4 Maria Gonzales, Ignacio Bios e Ibarrola, Tomas Medina Ugarte, Carlos M. Lopez, Enrique C. Osornio, Leandro Carbo, J os M. Alarco, Mariana Cordova, Felipe E. Chavez, William A. Pratt, Eobert Brendel, G. C. Eaufman, C. F. Westlund.

Local Committee of San Luis PotosL — Ing. I). Bias Escontria, A. S. Dwight, Eoberto Ipina, D. C. Brown, D. Luis C. Cuevas, Francisco CogMan, E. Gmelin, Adolfo Martinez, E. H. Messiter, F. H. Taylor, C. M. Van Cleve.

Local Committee of Mont&'ey,—0. Piaccini, Ismael Guerra, Luis Guimbarda, Pedro Lambreton, Jose Armendaiz, Gustavo Dresel, E. L. Kayser, Fernando Martinez, Jas. M, Morlan, Ernestro Madero, Bernardo Eeyes, Jr., Andres Garza Galan, Genaro Davila, Federico Padilla, Eomulo Padilla, Manuel Gomez.

The first session was held in the Hall of Councils of the School of Engineers,* in the City of Mexico, on Saturday even- ing, November 9.

Engineer Don Augustin Aragon, in behalf of the Minister of Fomento.t the Society of Engineers and Architects, the Acad- emy of Science, and the National School of Engineers, deliv- ered in Spanish an address of welcome, which was repeated in English by Mr. Victor M. Braschi, President of the Local Com- mittee, as follows :

Members of the American Institute of blininff Engineers :

Owing to the fact that I have the rare good fortune to belong to the Society of Engineers and Architects and to the Academy of Physical and Natural Science,

The School of Engineers, formerly the School of Mines, is the oldest teclini- cal educational institution in America. It was organized by Don Joaquin Velaz- quez Cardenas y Leon, the first classes being opened in 1792. In 1813 the present imposing structure was completed. The central vestibule gives access to a magnificent open patio or court, surrounded by arches, four minor courts fur- nishing light and ventilation to the other departments. The central part of the structure alone is occupied by the National School of Engineers, which is very well equipped. In the main entrance and in front of the principal stairway are the three famous Mexican meteorites found in the State of Chihuahua, the largest weighing over 14 tons.

It is worthy of mention that the beautiful Hall of Councils bad been ho re- cently completed that the sessions of the Institute, held therein, practically con- stitiitcd its most appropriate dedication to the purposes for which it was de- signed.

t This comprehensive term can scarcely be expressed by an English synonym. Perhaps the nearest would be Encouragement’* ; in fact, the department of the Eepublic bearing this title has charge of matters relating to the promotion of national industries, and is analogous, tliough not exactly similar, to the U. S, Department of the Interior.

Proceedings Of Mexican Meeting.

to the further fact that I have received my professional education in the National School of Engineers, and that I belong to the staff of employes of the Depart- ment of Fomento, I have been entrusted, in the name and on behalf of all the above-named institutions and of the Minister of Fomento, with the honorable and gratifying duty of welcoming you upon your arrival in this capital, where we hope and desire that you may be welcomed with the cordial hospitality to which you are entitled as the representatives of a famous and meritorious organization.

‘We hope that your visit to this country may not only be pleasant to you by reason of our fine climate, our beautiful scenery and historical associations, but also instructive in the science and art which are your specialty, and which, by your perseverance, your energy, and your ability, you have carried in the United States to an astonishing degree of perfection.

“ Undoubtedly travel and excursions form unimportant factor of education and amusement. To the engineer they are also a source of economic utility, in- asmuch as, by visiting new localities and new countries, he is enabled to judge personally of industrial methods, of the progress of applied science, and the con- ditions of life among his professional brethren who may be more, or perhaps less, favored by fortune than he ; and if, among the faculties which he has culti- vated, he possesses that of observation, he receives from travel a practical lesson of the most varied and useful kind.

We hope that beneath the perfect skies of our fatherland you will find not only the rest to which your active lives in your homes beyond the Bravo entitle you, but also food for instructive reflection suggested by the contrast between that which you are about to see and that which you are accustomed to contemplate in your own country. Here you will see the historical mines opened up shortly after the conquest, and the mining and metallurgical methods of the same epoch born of necessity (which, as you well know, is the mother of invention), in order to administer to the aggressive energy of our indomitable conquerors. Side by side with those glorious relics of past ages you will, in your visits to our mining localities, observe all the appliances with which modern science and art have prodigally enriched the mining industry, both for the exploitation of mineral deposits and the reduction of the ore, all of which appliances are, of course, en- tirely familiar to you.

Seeing that I have referred to past times, it may not be surperfluous to recall one or two dates in the history of mining in Mexico, not boastfully, but in proof of the claim freely accorded to us of being the pioneer miners of the New World, 1 desire to refer to the first coinage of money here in the year 1537, the discovery of the system of amalgamation by Bartolome de Medina, in 1557, at Pachuca, and the opening of the School of Mines on January 1, 1792.

“ In a country like Mexico, which possesses almost all known kinds of miner- als, and among whose industries mining occupies in every sense the foremost rank, men who devote their thoughts and labors to the subject cannot but rejoice at being visited by persons so thoroughly versed as yourselves in all the branches of knowledge connected with the rational exploitation of metalliferous forma- tions, ranging from the fundamental data of geology to the metallurgy of the in- dustrial product, and from mineralogical prospecting to the installation of huge and complicated machinery destined to overcome natural obstacles.

‘‘In proof of my assertion, I would point to the presence at this inaugural ses- sion of the distinguished citizen who administers the department which has charge of the mining interests of the country, and of the esteemed Director and President, as well as the members, of the three corporations on whose behalf I am addressing you, and which, by reason of their object, are intimately connected

CXXll

Proceedings Of Mexican Meeting.

with the scientific studies of mining in its varied aspects. Another proof of the interest felt in your work is the fact that the Supreme Government, through the Department of Justice and Public Instruction, has placed at your disposal for your meetings this, the auditorium of the old School of Mines.

“In connection with the conquests which mining has achieved in overcoming the forces of nature, either by deviating their course or moderating their inten- sity, permit me to say a few words with regard to the social and moral conse- quences of these conquests.

“The phenomena of nature are greatly modified by the action of man upon the planet, and it is precisely that struggle (never absent from mining operations) against the natural medium (which, even under the most favorable circum- stances, does not yield the richest fruits of which it is capable, save in response to man’s efforts) that constitutes the essential basis of the progress of nations.

“ It is clear that that struggle must be in inverse ratio to the facilities which the soil and climate offer to mining operations and to tlieir adaptation to man’s wants, and that, therefore, there are countries where greater energy is needed than in others which are less unpropitious, as undoubtedly, in comparison with Mexico, are not a few of the countries of Europe and America. But if this cir- cumstance explains a certain backwardness in the development of the less favored country, and to a certain degree lessens its responsibilities, seeing that it has had to contend with greater difficulties, it obliges it, on the other hand, morally speaking, to more constant and sustained efforts, a view to overcoming its natural obstacles. TJius, the first and most important social question for each nation is, how to modify the physical medium in which it lives ; and it must devote to that task, which is the foundation of all national development, the greater part of its strength and attention This is hov the nations that have been most conspicuous in history have acted ; so much so that many of them, occupying regions possessing few natural advantages, owe their position simply to the efforts of their people.

“ The United States has had as natural allies in its successful development the fertility of its territory, its great rivers, the abundant supply of subterranean water in many regions and the mineral wealth of its soil ; all of which things have contributed so largely to its industrial expansion. Another powerful factor in its favor is the immense extent of its coasts, offering unrivaled opportunities for the development of commercial navigation.

“Mexico is not so favorably situated, except with respect to its mineral wealth ; for, although it has a great extent of coast, its shore line is not indented in such manner as to facilitate commerce and navigation. Thus it is that natural condi- tions have from the earliest times marked out the fundamental laws which, under penalty of great evils, each nation must obey in the process of its orgaiuzation and development.

“And seeing that the similarity of the sub-soils of our respective countries and their proximity have given rise to a reciprocal interest in learning the condition of one another’s mining industry, we consider it to be a duty on our part to throw open to you our museums, our mines and our reduction works, in order that you may inspect our mineral collections, our systems of mining, our metallurgical processes ; for the interchange of ideas incidental to this class of reunions is not the least of their advantages.

“Our ancestors were accustomed to inaugurate every important enterprise, every momentous occasion, every useful institution, with the ceremonies of religion. Their fervent piety considered nothing to be noble, great nor sublime unless undertaken under the auspices of the Divine favor. Nowadays, we place

PEOCEEDINGS OF MEXICAN MEETING. CXxiii

ourselves under tlie fegis of science ; and those of us who march under its colors with or without theological creed or political aj05.1iations, invoke, above all things, when we meet to discuss and promote the welfare of mankind, the spirit of inter- national co-operation which reunions of this kind tend to propagate, gathering as they do together, from diSerent countries, men devoted to the cultivation of science — that treasure-house enriched by the patient accumulations of savants during the course of the centuries, and fortified by the indestructible hope of the ultimate brotherhood of man.

We confidently hope that the fraternization of men of science in the United States and Mexico may ever grow closer, and we look for even pleasanter days in the future than those which we are about to enjoy on the occasion of your first collective visit. What rtU does the future reserve for our countries, and what will be, for us, the complexion of the ages to come The course of history does not warrant prophecies, but a careful study of past ages frequently affords an insight into future probabilities ; and when, in all ages, throughout every crisis, in every medium, we observe that the language in which men have most univer- sally reached a common understanding is that of science, we may fairly conclude that the apostleship of fraternity in future ages is reserved for the men who faithfully, earnestly and enthusiastically devote their lives to the study of natural phenomena.

We receive you, therefore, as professional brethren, and as intellectual sons of the same century. Welcome, therefore, to you members of the American In- stitute of Mining Engineers ; and during your stay in our midst we hope not only that our scenery may delight you and our welcome gratify you, but that it may also be attended with intellectual results ; for thus, upon returning to your home, you will carry with you grateful memories of your excursion to Mexico, and will be missionaries to tell of the cordial welcome here extended to men of science, particularly to those who are living examples of the motto on which every intellectual worker ought to pride himself : ‘ For Science, Fatherland and Humanity.’ ’’

111 responae to this address, President E. E. Olcott made, in Spanish, the reply, of which the following is a translation :

‘Honorable Ministers of the Government, Members of the Academy of Sciences, of the Association of Engineers and Architects, and the Faculty of the National School of Engineers, and Other Distinguished Citizens of the BepuUic of Mexico.

‘ ‘ Gentlemen : It is inspiring that this first meeting of the American Institute of Mining Engineers in Spanish America should be convened in the Mexican National School of Engineering, formerly the School of Mines.

We, on our side of the Rio Grande, have something to be proud of in the magnitude of our operations and in the rapid advance which we have made not only in mining engineering, hut along all lines. It is wholesome that we should assemble here before this brilliant audience, and should turn our thoughts back- ward and consider what we owe to the Latin races for our start. Was it not your Spanish ancestors who discovered the shores of the western hemisphere, and was not their quest for gold one of the great moving causes which lured them on? Our institutions, our great mining enterprises, dtae hack but a few decades, while you can point out operations that have been moving along steadily for hundreds of years.

When we discovered the Comstock Lode and our other western mines of early

Oxxiv

Pbooebdings Of Mexican Meeting.

date, There did we get our first miners, except from this country, where we are now so royally entertained ? And when it came to treating our ores, on whom did we call for knowledge but on the Mexicans, who taught us the patio process, which we modified into the Washoe pan— merely your arra&tre made of iron. Since then we have learned to love the term 'Pan and we prefix it to all our Congresses and all our Expositions 1 In early days we used it with reference only to the grinding and amalgamation of our silver-ores ; but now the magic syllable is making of the peoples of all the western hemisphere a people of one interest in developing the immense riches with which nature has blessed us.

Where did we get much of our nomenclature, if not from the beautiful Span- ish language? Have we not received our bonamas from you? Are there not more, hidden in your mighty mountains, which all of us wish to see developed in the best, most economical and most profitable manner ?

'‘We did not, unfortunately, found our mining law on yours ; if we had done so, the vexatious perplexities of the ‘apex-question’ would have been avoided, and the rational, understandable, rectangular claims would have been adopted.

“With a history in mining which surpasses all, with a present of tremendous importance, and with a future of brightest promise, Mexico is par excellence the

Mecca for a congress of mining pilgrims.

' ‘ This magnificent edifice was erected for the accommodation of mining stu- dents before our people had awakened to the idea of our own possessions of mineral wealth. It behooves us Americans, then, to put away arrogance, as we enter your portals; to tread lightly the sacred halls; to look in reverence on your institutions, and to learn well the lessons which you can still teach us, of systematic perseverance. We are energetic, and wish to rush through our work in minutes ; but we have much to learn from those who display the beautiful grace of patience.

“ This meeting stands historically for several things. It marks the beginning of the thirtieth year of our Institute ; it marks the opening of the momentous twentieth century ; it marks the heartier co-operation of tlie different nations on this side of the Atlantic.

" If your progress and ours has been so great in the past thirty years, what maybe expected in the first thirty years of tliis new century? ‘Strcngtli begets strength.’ 'Well begun, half done.’ You have advanced prodigiously of late. National and commercial ratings are such that the founding of enterprises of all sorts is easier and the interest charge not so serious as in former times. The mul- tiplication of quicker methods of communication has not only developed your resources, but has also put the menace of rebellion further away.

“Our tariff legislation put a high duty on lead-ores, and attracted capital to establish immense smelting-works, which have gotten you a market close at hand for your ores. Compare your adobe furnaces, eight feet high, with the present ' hornos altos. And last, but not least, the maintenance of the highest national credit, under the guiding hand of the splendid statesman who holds the helm of the government— and the honorable payment of your public debt.

“ It marks you a people that must be reckoned with. Mexico, like the United States, is suffering from an embarrassment of riches. No other nations on earth have to bother their heads as to what disposition to make of their surplus.

' ‘ The grand engineering schemes undertaken in Mexico in the last few years have involved the placing of millions of money in public betterments,— nearly 140,000,000 for harbors, 8, 000,000 for canals.

'‘We want to learn, while here, why it is that in this happy land strikes arc

Proceedings Of Mexican Meeting.

Cxxv’'

unknown. It must be that sweet contentment blesses the hearthstone, and a man is free to go to his work as his needs and inclinations direct. May the blessings of this peace rest long upon you.

“There has been a notable increase of imports into Mexico from the United States, as against a large decrease of those from England and the comparatively small increase of imports from France, Germany and Spain. The same is true in regard to exports. There has been a phenomenal increase in the past two decades of metals and goods shipped to the United States, as against the bare maintenance, or a decrease, of the amount sent to Europe. We should not flatter ourselves in regard to this. Shame on us if it were not so, with our Juxtaposition and our railroads and steamship facilities ! But these conditions emphasize the necessity for more brotherly love between us, more helpfulness, less spirit of purely hostile competition, and more of mutual co-operation.

“ Mexico now ranks third among the corn-raising countries of the world. Ex- ports of agricultural products have more than doubled in the last eight years. The wonderful variety and quantities of what might be termed precious woods are a great source of national wealth, as is also the production of henequen, the annual sales of which have reached 33,000,000-

“ Mexico has been, and is to be, congratulated and highly complimented for the large part she has taken in that marvel of beauty, that climax of up-to-date sue-* cesses, the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo. The spirit of the Pan-American idea, the spirit of hope engendered by that Rainbow City,’ was never so strong as now. Let us all make generous endeavor that it may be lived up to in spirit and in truth. One of the greatest bonds for the security, the welfare and the advance- ment of Pan-America is an interoceanic canal. It has been talked of so long that the language of the early promoters has become a quaint tongue. Let us hope and assist as we may that under our newer condition action of some sort may begin. May the scream of the bald eagle of the North call forth an echoing hello from his brothers of the South — not ever, we pray, in defiance, but in inspiring rivalry and neighborly co-operation.

“Whatever measure of success has come to us of the States, aside from our natural advantages, we almost with one accord attribute to our belief in God, in the truth, and in our common schools, which teach us to find, to measure and to know the truth. So here we find a nation so compactly situated and so all-suffi- cient in its resources that for hundreds of years she has lived largely for herself and to herself. She has been so hemmed in by unpropitious coast lines, moun- tainous borders and vast distances that international exchanges were difficult. Return cargoes for ships were hard to secure, as her chief products, although of great value, were of small bulk ; and so, until the advent of the great advance- agent of progress, the railroad, was begun over the length and breadth of the land, the vast wealth of many of her richest States lay dormant. Great men, great hearts and a great nation, not very many years ago, seemed to demand this newer life ; and all things seem to have worked together for the common advance, until now the call of progress is answered day by day, more and more, from every part of the united and splendid nation. Here, too, we find a devout nation, and here we see springing up on all sides the common schools, which, like ours, tend to broaden and make more tolerant the opinions and religious beliefs of the people.”

The session was concluded with a graceful address by Engi- neer Don Ezequiel Ordonez, sub-Director of the Geological In-

tn t,p nf M XI an.

CSXvi PROCEEDINGS OE MEXICAN MEETING.

The proceedings were interspersed with musical selections, executed by the admirable orchestra of the National Conserva- tory of Music.

The second session was held in the same place on Monday morning, November 11th. Abstracts of the following papers, prepared and presented by direction of the Minister of Fommto were read in Spanish by Engineer Don Ezequiel Ordonez :

Historical Sketch of Mining Legislation in Mexico, by Eduardo Martinez Baca.

The Geographical and Geological Distribution of the Mines of the Republic of Mexico, by Jose G. Aguilera.

The following papers were presented in printed form :

The Mexican Railroad System, by Victor M. Braschi, City of Mexico.

The Mexican National School of Engineers, by Ezequiel Ordonez, City of Mexico.

The Valley of Mexico, and the Federal District, by Ezequiel Ordonez, City of Mexico.

The third session was held in the same place, on Tuesday, November 12th. Prof. Ordonez read an English abstract of the following paper ;

Mexican Railroads and the Mining Industry, by Luis Salazar.

The following paper was presented in oral summary by the author :

The Mining and Treatment of Low-Grade Copper Ores at Los Pilares, Nacosari, with Special Reference to the ITsc of Gas-Engines in Mining, by James Douglas, Now York City.

The following papers were read by title, for subsequent pub- lication, distribution and discussion:*

Note on Hydraulic Mining in Low-Grade Gravel, by William IL Radford, San Francisco, Cal. (P.)

The Sierra Mojada, Coahuila, Mexico, and its Ore-Deposita, by James W. Malcolmson, Chihuahua, Mexico. (P.)

The papers marked (?) ” in this list were presented in print.

Proceedings Of Mexican Meeting.

The Treatment of Clay-Slimes by the Cyanide Process and Agitation, by E. A. H. Tays and F. A. Schiertz, San Jos& de Gracia, Sinaloa, Mexico. (P.)

Remarks upon Surveying Instruments with Special Refer- ence to the paper of Mr. Dunbar D. Scott on the Evolution of Mine-Surveying Instruments, and its Discussions, by H. D. Hoskold, Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic.

The Tri- Axial Diagram with Rectangular Co-Ordinates, by H. E. Ashley, West Wareham, Mass.

IsTotes on the Pigholugan and Pigtao Gold-Regions, Island of Mandanao, Philippine Islands, by J. Clayton Nichols, Grand Junction, Colo. (P.)

Notes on a Section Across the Sierra Madre Occidental, of Chihuahua and Sinaloa, Mexico, by W. H. Weed, Washington, D. C.

The District of Hidalgo de Parral in 1820, by Norberte Do- mingues, Parral, Mex.

Notes on a Few Mines in the States of Chihuahua and Sina- loa, Mexico, by W. H. Weed, Washington, D. C.

Influence of Country-rock on Mineral Veins, by W. H. Weed, Washington, D. C.

The Alloys of Lead and Tellurium, by Plenry Fay and C. B. Gillson, Boston, Mass. (P.)

The Alloys of Antimony and Tellurium, by Henry Pay and H. E. Ashley, Boston, Mass. (P.)

A Crystalline Sulphide in Pig-Iron, by Andrew A. Blair, Philadelphia, Pa., and Porter W. Shimer, Easton, Pa. (P.)

The Operation of the ‘Hole-Contract’’ System in the Center Star and War Eagle Mines, Rossland, B. C., by Carl R. Davis, Rossland, B. C. (P.)

Notes on the Mines and Minerals of Guanajuato, Mexico, by William P. Blake, Tucson, Arizona.

An Electric-Resistance Magnesia Crucible-Furnace for Lab- oratory Use, by H. M. Howe, New York City. (P.)

The Klein Jig and the Klein Classifier, by Ferdinand H. Regel, St. Louis, Mo. (P.)

Recent Geological Phenomena in the “ Telluride Quadran- gle ” of the IT. S. Geological Survey in Colorado, with Special Reference to the Report of Messrs. Cross and Purington upon that Area, by H. C. Lay, Telluride, Colo. (P.)

CXXviii PROCEEDINGS OP MEXICAN MEETING.

The Detection and Estimation of Small Quantities of Gold and Silver, by Luther 'Wagoner, Cathay, Cal.

"Views of an Old Smelter in the State of Morelos, Mexico, by C. W. Pritchett, Jr., Denver, Colo. (P.)

Biographical JTotice of R. P. Rothwell, by R. W. Raymond, New "York City. (P.)

Diverse Origins and Diverse Times of Formation of the Lead-Zinc Deposits of the Mississippi Valley, by Charles R. Reyes, Des Moines, Iowa. (P.)

The Zinc- and Lead-Deposits of North Arkansas, by J. C. Branner, Stanford Dniversity, Cal. (P.)

The Pachnca Stamp-Battery and its Predecessors, by M. P. Boss, Mexico City, Mexico.

The Electrical Burner for Blast-Furnaces, b3P. L. Grammer, Pueblo, Colo. (P.)

Notes on an Improved Form of Mining and Civil Engineers Transit Theodolite, by H. D. Hoskold, Buenos Aires, Argen- tine Republic.

Study of Amalgamation Methods, Especially the Patio Pro- cess, with the Object of Avoiding the Loss of Mercury, bj’* Miguel Bustamente, Jr., Mexico City.

Manganese Deposits of the Province of Santiago do Cuba : Their Origin, Formation and Commercial Value, by Eduardo J. Chibas, Guantanamo, Cuba.

An Adobe Reverberatory Furnace, hj John Gross, Sombre- rete, Zacatecas, Mexico.

A Synopsis of the Mining Laws of Mexico, by Richard E. Chism, Mexico City, Mexico.

A Glossary of Spanish- American Mining and Metallurgical Terms, by A. S. Dwight, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

Some Experiments with Bromo-Cy'anogeu on Southerti Gold- Ores, by S. H. Brockunier, Wheeling, West Va.

Studies in Mechanical Feeding of Silver-Lead BlasLFur- naees, by A. S. Dwight, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

The Cyanide- Assay for Copper, by Harry Huntington Mil- ler, Somerville, N. J.

Gems and Precious Stones of Mexico, by Gooyic F. Kunz, New York City.

Biographical Notice of Joseph Le Conte, by iS. Ik Christy, Berkeley, Cal.

PKOOEEDINaS OF MEXICAN MBETINC.

The Value of Ores in Mexico, by IST. H. Emmons 2d, Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico.

The Treatment of Tailings by the Cyanide Process at Atha- basca Mine, near ITelson, British Columbia, by E. Nelson Fell, Nelson, B. C.

Notes on the Structure of Ore-Bearing Veins in Mexico, by Edward Halse, Medellin, Colombia, South America.

The Mineral Zone of Santa Maria del Rio, San Luis Potosi, by J. P. Manzano, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

Geographic and Geologic Features of Mexico, by Robert T. Hill, Washington, D. C.

The Supposed Change from Combined to Graphic Carbon in Cast-Iron at 1000° C., by Edwin Bukofzer, Chattanooga, Term.

Preliminary Sanitary Examination of the Waters of Mexico, by Ellen H. Richards, Boston, Mass.

Litharge Process of Assaying Copper-Bearing Ores and Products and Method of Calculating Charges, by Walter G. Perkins, Grand Forks, B. C.

The Bar of Soto La Mariana; Its Present State and Works Necessary for its Improvement, by Alexandro Prieto.

Biographical Notice of James F. Lewis, by R. W. Raymond, New York City.

Drainage Works of the Valley of Mexico, by Luis Espinosa, Mexico City, Mexico.

The Steel Plant at Monterey, Mexico, by William White, Jr., Pittsburg, Pa.

Discussion of Howe on The Constitution of Cast-Iron, with Remarks on Current Opinions Concerning It,'’ by J. E. Stead, R. Moldenke, T. F. Witherbee and the author. (P.)

Discussion of Sargent on Study of the Effect of Heat- Treatment on Crucible Steel Containing One per cent, of Car- bon," by H. D. Hibbard.

Continued Discussion of Van Hise on “ Some Principles Controlling the Deposition of Ores," by 0. R. Van Hise. (P.)

Discussion of Lucas on The Great Oil Well near Beaumont, Texas," by B. T. Dumble.

Continued Discussion of Scott on The Evolution of Mine- Surveying Instruments," by D. D. Scott and E. A. H. Tays.

Peoceedings Op Mexican Meeting.

Discussion of Drake on tlie Coal-Fields of JTortheastern China/ by F. Lynwood Garrison.

Discussion of Hedburg on The Missouri and Arkansas Zinc-Mines at the Close of 1900/' by P. Lynwood Garrison, J. C. Branner, H. W. STichols.

Discussion of Hedburg on “ The Missouri and Arkansas Zinc-Mines at the Close of 1900/' by Eric Hedburg and *W. A. Fleming Jones.

Discussion of Vogt on ‘Problems in the Geology of Ore- Deposits/' by W, H. Weed.

Discussion of Davis on The Operation of the Flole-Coii- tract' System in the Center Star and War Eagle Mines, Ross- land, B. C.,” by F. H. Probert.

Discussion of Malcolmson on The Sierra Mojada, Coahuila, Mexico," by S. F. Emmons.

On behalf of the Council. President Olcott proposed for im- mediate election to membership Sr. Don Manuel M. Contreras, mathematician and engineer, formerly Mayor of the City of Mexico, now a Senator of the Republic, and long connected with the School of Mines. The unanimous election of the candidate was emphasized by a rising vote, and acknowledged by him in a felicitous speech.*

After the adoption of a resolution instructing the officers of the Institute to express to the Government, the scientific and professional institutions, and the individual citizens of Mexico, and to the Local Committees throughout the Republic, a cor- dial acknowledgment of the courtesies extended to the Insti- tute, the session was adjourned.

The fourth session was held at Pachuca, on Friday evening, Rov. 15. The following paper was read by the author :

According to the Eules, the election to menihership of candidates recom- mended by the Council may take place either at a meeting of the Institute or by postal ballot. The latter method has been almost exclusively followed in recent years, as saving time at the sessions of the Institute, and also furnishing better opportunity for deliberate action on the part of both Councils and members. In adopting this amendment, however, the Institute wisely left to the discretion of the Council a choice between the two methods, thus permitting, in exceptional cases, like the one here recorded, the immediate recognition of distinguished and un<iue8tionahle merit.

Proceedings Of Mexican Meeting.

Tlie Mining District of Pachuca, by Ezequiel Ordonez, Mexico City.

And the following paper was read, in the absence of the author, by Stephen Waters, of Pachuca:

The Patio Process, by Manuel Yalerio Ortego.

The fifth and concluding session was held Thursday after- noon, IsTovember 26, at Monterey, when the following papers were presented :

The Coal-Fields of Las Esperanzas, Coahuila, Mexico, by Edwin Ludlow, Baroteran, Coahuila, Mex.

The Iron Mountain of Durango and the Plant of the Mex- ican ITational Iron and Steel Company, by T. F. Witherbee, Durango, Mex.

Statistics of the Mining and Metallurgical Industry of the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico, for the year 1900.

With the adjournment of this session, the formal proceedings of the Mexican meeting were ended.

Having been personally prevented by domestic bereavement from taking part in this meeting, the Secretary desires to ac- knowledge the inestimable service rendered by Mr. Theodore Dwight, Assistant Treasurer of the Institute, who, in addition to the onerous labor and responsibility of the organization and management of the Institute excursion-party, assumed, at a day’s notice, the duties of Acting Secretary for the sessions and proceedings of the meetings.

Excursions and Entertainments.

These collateral features of the meeting are described and illustrated on page cxxxix of this volume.

Members and Associates Elected.

In addition to Sr. Don Manuel M. Contreras, elected at the third session, above reported, the following persons have been elected members or associates by postal ballots of March, J une, August, October and December, 1901.

Proceedings Op Mexican Meeting.

Members.

George I. Adams, . Henry Adams,

Ponciano Aguilar, . Andres Aldasro,

George E. Alexander, John W. Anderson, Edward Andrews, .

ISTels Olofi Bagge, . Edward T. Bailey, . Joseph T. Bailey, .

W. J. Barnett,

Montagu T. Barney, George Davis Barron, William T. Batchelor, . Christopher S. Batterman, Addison H. Beale, . Theodore Becker, . Sanford D. Belden, . Anson G. Betts,

David E. Bigelow, . Wilhelm Borchers, .

G. S. Borden, .

Frank K. Borrow, . Martin P. Boss,

Josiah Bowden,

Joseph H. Bowling, Augustus W. Boyd, Thornton M. Boyd,

John C. Brennon, .

Alfred Brett,

Samuel D. Bridge, . Boswell E. Briggs, . iirthur C. Brinker, . Wallace Broad,

James Brophy,

Donald C. Brown, . Walter J. Browning, Ernest B. Buckley,

Lester B. Bud row, .

Edwin Bukofzer,

Walter E. Burlingame, . Jos<§ Calero,

Carlos F. Z. Caracristi, . Henry M. Carter, .

Adolfo Martinez Ceballos, Louis Chevrillon, .

Luis Floro Chibas, .

Peter Christianson, . George C, Clark,

W. B. Clarke, .

. Washington, D. C.

. Puerto Principe, Cuba.

. Guanajuato, Mexico.

. Mexico City, Mexico.

. Denver, Colo.

. Thacker, W. Va.

. Montreal, Canada.

. New York City.

. Carlisle, England.

. New York City.

. London, England.

. Auckland, New Zealand.

. Pueblo, Mexico.

. Gormanston, Tasmania.

. Butte, Mont.

. Vandergrift, Pa.

. Telluride, Colo.

. Pittsburg, Pa.

. Lansingburgh, N. Y.

. San Diego, Cal.

. Aachen, Germany.

. Huntington, Arkansas.

. Telluride, Colo.

. Mexico City, Mexico.

. Elkhorn, Mont.

. Ozone, Tenn.

. Spokane, Wash.

. Beaconsfield, Tasmania.

. Torres, Sonora, Mexico.

. London, England.

. Monterey, Mexico.

. Mexico City, Mexico,

. Ward, Colorado.

. London, England.

. Eagle, W. Va.

. San Luis Potoai, Mexico.

. Las Cruces, N. M.

. Bella, Mo.

. Santa Barbara, Chihuahua, htexico. . Chattanooga, Tenn.

. Denver, Colo.

. Las Cajas, Pachuca, Mexico.

. New York City.

. Monterey, Mexico.

. San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

. Mexico City, Mexico.

. Santiago de Cuba,

. Minneapolis, Minn.

. Bisbee, Arizona.

. Schenectady, N. Y.

PROCEEDINaS OF MEXICAN MEETING.

Newton Cleaveland,

J. Morgan Clement,

J. Harold Clouston, Hervic N. G. Cobbe, Louis Cohen, .

George L. Collord, . Owen J. Conley,

Henry M. A. Cooke, Lewis H. Cooke, William A. Cornelius, Kussell T. Cornell, .

J. P. Cosgro, .

Charles H. Cutting, Charles S. Davis, Charles W. Davis, . Frank S. Davis, Herman Davis,

Stewart A. Davis, . William Dempster, Ralph Dillon, .

Charles M. Donohoe, Theodore Douglas, .

G. D. Doveton, Maurice Downey, . Norman M. Dudgeon, Arthur R. Earnshaw, Benjamin P. Ekberg, Norris English,

Luis Espinosa,

Edward P. Fleming, William H. Fluker, Emil A. Franke, William H. Freeland, Stanton S. Freeman, Dwight Furness, Telesforo Garcia, Jr., Russell D. George, . Thomas W. Gibson, Clarence I. Glassbrook, Karl Fr. Goransson, James B. Gore,

B. B. Gottsberger, . Charles N. Gould, .

G. H. Grant, .

Ulysses S. Grant, . MacDowell Graves, John C. Gwillim, . Warren A. Haggott, George Hall, . Newman G. Hall, . Wendell P. Hammon, Herbert R. Hanley,

Oroville, Cal.

Madison, Wis.

Derby, Tasmania.

Coolgardie, Western Australia. Zacatecas, Mexico.

Sharpsville, Pa.

New York City.

Oorgaum, Mysore, India. London, England.

McKeesport, Pa.

New York City.

Rossland, British Columbia. Troy, Arizona.

Mexico City, Mexico. Allegheny, Pa.

Diamondville, Wyoming. Dayton, Nevada.

Yandergrift, Pa.

Pollokshields, Scotland.

New York City.

Redding, Cal.

Topia, Durango, Mexico. Ouray, Colo.

Troy, Mont.

London, England.

Steelton, Pa.

London, England.

Oakland, Cal.

Mexico City, Mexico.

Troy, Arizona.

Tatham, Ga.

Chicago, 111.

Isabella, Tenn.

Parryville, Pa.

Guanajuato, Mexico.

Mexico City, Mexico.

Iowa City, Iowa.

Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Aspen, Colo.

Sandviken, Sweden.

Lumpkin, Cal.

Copper Hill, Tenn.

Norman, Oklahoma.

Yictoria, British Columbia. Evanston, 111.

Mexico City, Mexico.

Nelson, British Columbia. Idaho Springs, Colo.

El Oro, Mexico.

Aspen, Colo.

Oroville, Cal.

Winthrop, Cal.

Proceedings Of Mexican Meeting.

John A. Hanley, Jr.,

. Aguas Calientes, Mexico.

Harry C. Harrington,

. Newark, N. J.

Alfred W. Harrison,

. Victor, Colo.

Roger H. Hatchett,

. Argentine, Kansas.

Alexander M. Hay,

. Rat Portage, Ontario, Canada.

Henry Hay, .

. Johannesburg, Transvaal, So. Africa.

John H. Heal,

. Alamo, British Columbia, Canada.

Arthur E. Healey, .

. Sunshine, Colo,

James Hebbard,

. Broken Hill, New South Wales-

Otto F. Heckelmann,

. Mexico City, Mexico.

James D. Helm,

. Santa Barbara, Chihuahua, Mexico.

Everard Heneage, .

. Johannesburg, So. Africa.

Marcus F. Hernandez, .

. Monterey, Mexico.

Lawrence C. Hodson,

. Ames, Iowa.

Barry Hogarty,

. New York City.

L. F. S. Holland, .

. Waverley, Nova Scotia.

John J. Hollister, .

. Gaviota, Cal.

Ozni P. Hood,

. Houghton, Mich.

Gerald von Hopkins,

. Salmo, British Columbia, Canada.

George W. Horner,

. Mullan, Idaho.

James H. Howard, .

. Ameca, Jalisco, Mexico.

Joshua Hunt, .

. Monterey, Mexico.

John D. Irving,

. Washington, D. C.

"Webster T. James, .

. Chattanooga, Tenn.

T. G. Janney, .

. Centreville, Idaho.

Thomas Jenkins,

. Medlin, N. C.

George N". Jeppson,

. Worcester, Mass.

Richard M. Jessup,

. New York City.

"William C. Jirdinston, .

. Auburn, N. Y.

Alexander T. Johnson, .

. Aguas Calientes, Mexico.

Evan R. Jones,

. Lns Esperanzas, Coahuila, Mexico.

Walter A. F. Jones,

. Mansfield, Mo.

William S. Jones, .

. Green sburg, Pa.

Arthur Judge,

. Gadzcma, Mashonaland, Rhodesia,

So. Africa.

BurtZ. Kassm,

. Gloversville, N. Y.

Robert L. Kayser, .

. Monterey, IMexico.

Peter J. Ream,

. Ravenstlioi'pe, Western Australia.

Nathaniel S. Keith,

. New York City.

George C. Klug,

. Boulder, V'cstem Australia.

Isaac N. Knapp,

. Chanute, Kansas.

William Knox,

. Melbourne, Australia.

William Koehler, .

. Cleveland, Ohio.

George J. Krebs,

. Somerset, Pa.

George A. Laird,

. Matehuala, Mexico.

Mark Lamb,

. Hedges, Cal.

Richard Lamb,

. Highhill, Va,

John Langton,

. New York City.

James C, E. Lawson,

. London, England.

William H. Lefiingwell, .

. Cripple Creek, Colo.

Oscar T. Lempriere,

. Melbourne, Australia*

Prof. Lengemann, .

. Aachen, Germany.

PKOCEEDINaS OE MEXICAN MEETING.

William A. Lindsay, James Lindsey,

Archibald Little,

Frank Longmaid, . Vernon F. S. Low, . Lionel Ludlow,

Ernest Du Bois Lukis, . Ferdinand McCann, Greorge L. McCarty, Jackson C. McChrystal, , William P. McComas, Lesley McCreath, .

E. H. McCullough, . Alexander K. McDaniel, John A. McDonald, William T. McDonald, John McGrath,

John M. McGregor,

J. A. McKee. .

William A. MacLeod,

S. G. McNulty,

B. W. Macfarlane, . William Magenau, . Frank A. Manley, . William S. Mann, . William 0. Manson,

J. H. Marriner,

Chester W. Maxson, John W. C. Maxwell, Albert E. May,

Jesse J. May, .

W. H. Mealy, .

Alcides Medraro, Herbert A. Megraw, Fritz Mella,

Edward P. Merrill, . Edwin H, Measiter, . James W. Meyers, . Loring K. Millen, , Harry E. Miller,

Eugene C. Mills,

Louis D. Mills,

John Moffatt, .

Fred. L. Morris,

Henry C. Morris, , Edwin Morrison,

Horace Moses, .

John W. Mould,

Thomas King Muir, Ernest W. Nardin, William F. Nawatny, Harvey B. Nichols, .

. Las Esperanzas, Coahuila, Mexico.

. . . Portland, Oregon.

. . London, England.

. Marysville, Mont.

. . Kilda, Queensland, Australia.

. Buluwayo, Eliodesia, So. Africa.

. . Puehla, Mexico.

. Mexico City, Mexico.

. Torres, Sonora, Mexico.

. Eureka, Utah.

. . Beverley, Cal.

. Harrisburg, Pa.

. Philadelphia, Pa.

. . Butte, Mont.

. . Cape Town, So. Africa.

. . Los Angeles, Cal.

. . Tlalpujahua, Mexico.

. Slocan, British Columbia, Canada.

. Monterey, Mexico.

. . Queensland, Australia.

. Thacker, W. Va.

. . Ymir, British Columbia, Canada.

. Fredericktown, Mo.

. . Eock Springs, Wyoming.

. . Miramar, Costa Rica, Central America.

. . Denver, Colo.

. . Kalgoorlie, Western Australia.

. . Lordsburg, New Mexico.

. San Francisco, Cal.

. . Caethe, Brazil, So. America.

. . Idaho Springs, Colo.

. . Monterey, Mexico.

. , Ouro Preio, Minas Geraes, Brazil.

. . Guanajuato, Mexico.

. Rapid City, So. Dakota.

. . Daiquiri, Santiago, Cuba.

. . San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

. . Florence, Colo.

, . New York City.

. San Francisco, Cal.

. . Virginia, Minn.

. Lead, So. Dakota.

. . Irvinebank, No. Queensland, Australia.

, . San Jacinto, Cal.

. Georgetown, Colo.

. . Philadelphia, Pa.

. Santa Rita, New Mexico.

. . Cockle Creek, New South Wales.

. . Portland, Oregon.

, . Seoul, Korea.

. . Bowie, Texas.

. Selby, Cal.

Pkoceedings Of Mexican Meeting.

Hadson H. Nicholson, .

. Lincoln, Nebraska.

George E. Nicolaus,

. London, England.

Frank L. Norris,

. Durango, Mexico.

Alexander Orr.

. Sydney, Australia.

Clement H. Fallen, .

. Fort Steele, British Columbia.

Ernest E. Palmer, ,

. Texada Island, British Columbia.

George A. Paterson,

. Oorgaum, Mysore, India.

H. Pauli,

. Frankfort-on-Main, Germany.

Harold V. Pearce, .

. Argo, Colo.

Juan Pedrazzini,

. Locarno, Switzerland.

Walter G. Perkins, .

. Grand Forks, British Columbia.

Oscar B. Perry,

. Oroville, Cal.

Kichard Peters, Jr.,

. Chester, Pa.

Jos. L. Phillips,

. Mexico City, Mexico.

Edwin H. Platt,

. Denver, Colo.

Eohert H. Postlethwaite,

. San Francisco, Cal.

Bobert W. Powell, .

. Thames, New Zealand.

Eohert W. Pringle, .

. Edinburgh, Scotland.

John L. Pultz,

. New York City.

Keith D. Quarrier, .

. Charleston, W. Va.

Edward Eandolph, .

. Newark, N. J.

Fred B. Eaven,

. Nuttallburg, W. Va.

S, S. Baymond,

, Bay Point, Cal.

Eichard W- Beading,

. Selby, Cal.

Daniel W. Eeckhart,

. El Paso, Texas.

Frederick L. Eeynolds, .

. Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.

Albert B. Eichmond,

. Socorro, New Mexico.

Chester C, Bobbins,

, Lawton, Oregon.

Percy A. Bobbins, .

. Kimberley, So. Africa.

Cyrus S. Boberts,

. Oakland, Cal.

Milnor Boberts,

. Seattle, Wash.

Alfred von der Bopp,

. Oakland, Cal.

Carlton B. Bose,

. Golden, Colo.

Lewis G. Bo wand, .

. Newark, N. J.

S. W. Bussell, .

. Dead wood, South Dakota.

William Bussell,

. Denver, Colo-

Thomas J. Byder, .

. Mexico City, Mexico.

Beno H. Sales,

. Butte, Mont.

Henry S. Sanderson,

. Idaho Springs, Colo.

James V. Scaife,

. Pittsburg, Pa.

F. A. M. Schiechel,

. Frankfort-on-Main, Germany.

Bobert Schorr,

. Kennett, Cal.

Albert J. Sharpe, .

. Las Esperanzas, Mexico.

Clarence M. Schwerin, .

. New York City.

Herbert P. Seale, .

. Queensland, Australia.

Harry L. Shrom,

, Concord, N. C.

William J. Sims,

. Mexico City, Mexico,

William L. Sims, .

. Catasauqua, Pa.

Arvid Sjogren,

. Avesta, Sweden.

John H. Slavens,

. Argentine, Kansas.

Charles E. Sloan, .

. Salt Lake City, tJtah.

Edward P. Smith, ,

. Tombstone, Arizona.

Proceedings Op Mexican Meeting.

ex XXV 11

rederick T>. Smith, Thorn Smith, .

( Tcorge R. Snovcr, .

( reorge Spence,

Arthur C. Spencer, .

(K Stadelmann,

K. B. Stanford,

J. V. K. Stehman, . Alfred PI Stephen, . Henry Stern, .

Philip C. A. Stewart, (histavus XL Stoiber, Henry N. Stokes, Contantiim de Tarnava, . Prank A. Taylor,

R M. Taylor, .

Laurence M. Terry, Jkirtlett L. Tliane, . (diester.V. Thomas, William PI Thorne, Sydney Thow, .

Hugh P. Tiemann, .

R. il.Toll, .

Heorge W. d'ower, , Arthur U, Townsend, Herbert 10. Tutth*, . Arthur J. Underwood,

W. PI Up ham,

(diaries V. Valentine, (diaries 10. van Barneveld, (diaries McK. Van Clevc, P'rank Xj. Van Urden,

F. 10. Van Blyko, .

John Allen Veatch, Maurice A. Viele, .

U. IL von PetersdorlT, Elton W. Walker, . PTank S. Warmoth, Stephen Waters,

Winfield S. Watson,

W. II. Wesley, Jr., JOrnest H. Webb, (jhristopher M. Weld, Charles IT. White, . ' .

Norman P'. White, . Frank B. Williams, Alfred B. Willis,

Arthur B. Willmott, Alexander N. Winchell, . Jerry M. Wines, PTederick A. Wright, John C. Young,

. Ely, Nevada.

. Isabella, Tenn.

. San Juancito, Honduras, U. A.

. Alexico City, Mexico.

. Washington, D. C.

. Mexico City, Alexieo.

. Columbia, Cal.

. Birdsborn, Pa.

. Sydney, New South AVales.

. New York City.

. London, England.

. Silverton, Colo.

. AVashington, I). C.

. Monterey, Alexico.

, .Taekson, Cal.

Victor, Colo.

. New York ('ity.

. Siimdum, Alaska.

, Jerome, Arizona.

. Georgetown, Cal.

. Aloiint Read, Tasmania.

. New Aork City.

. Maiieos, (\)lo,

. Butte, Mont.

. Guaya(piil, Keiia lor, So. Ameriea . Monterey, Mexico.

. R,ohinson, Utah.

. Mateliuala, Alexico.

. No. Queensland, Australia.

. Aliimeapolis, Alinn.

. San Luis lAitosi, IMexieo.

. Houghton, Mich.

. Charleston, AV. Va.

. Maxwell Cal.

. Schenectady, N. Y.

. New York City.

. Detroit, Mich.

. Lawrence, La.

. Pachuca, Mexico.

. Mexico City, Mexico.

. (Queenstown, Tasmania.

. Brooklyn, N. Y.

. Storey Place, Mass.

. Cambridge, Mass.

. Queensland, Australia.

. Marysville, Mont.

. Kingston Hill, Surrey, PXngland.

. Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. . Butte, Mont.

. El Paso, Texas.

. Monterey, Mexico.

. Baker City, Oregon. lA

cxxxviii PROOEEDIXaS OE MEXICAN MEETIXa.

Lewis E. Young,

Arnes, Iowa.

Moi’rison B. Yung, .

,

San Padro, Kew Mexico.

Adolfo Zambrano, .

Monterey, Mexico.

Associates.

Charles E. W. Bateson, .

Yew Ymrk City.

S. A. B. Blandv, .

F reiberg, Germany.

Fred. J. Boyd,

Sombrerete, Zacatecas, Mexic

Hemw C. Boynton, .

Cambridge, Mass.

George A. Camphuis,

London, England.

Lucien Eaton', .

Cambridge, Mass.

Augustus H. Eustis,

Ready i lie, Mass.

Frederick A. Eustis,

Ca mbri dge, M ass .

J. M. Fitzgerald, .

Catasauqua, Pa.

Thomas Gunn,

La ii ncest 0 n , Tas mania.

Edwin I. Harrington,

Yonkers, N. Y.

Moritz Hochscluld, .

Mexico City, Mexico.

James M. Hyde,

Palo Alto, Cal.

W. J. Johnson,

New York City.

J. Gibson Mcllvain,

East Dovvningtown, Pa.

Kalpli L. Montague,

Oroville, Cal.

Edwin Morrison,

Pliiladelphia, Ihi.

William M, Parkin,

New Kensington, Pa.

William B. Sea if e, .

Pittsburg, Pa.

Bernard E. Schnatterbeck,

New York City.

Lindsay Tullocli,

LaiuK estou , Tasmania.

Associates M

Ade M'Emijers.

H. 8 . Bonestall,

Jackson, Cal,

H. F. Kendall,

Virginia, Minn.

John E. Powell,

Telluidde, Colo.

Eugene C. Eoberts, .

Buffalo, N, Y.

John E. IL Robertson, .

Denver, Colo.

el. B. Stanton, .

New York City.

W. J. Sutherland, .

New York City.

W. Murdoch Wile; ,

Gold Hill, N. C,

Excursions and Entertainments Connected with the Mexican Meeting, November, 1901

The convenience and pleasure of members and guests attending this I meeting was served, while the expense of the journey was very greatly iednced,

. . til rough the organization of a special ex-

cursion-party by Mr. Theodore Dwight, whose executive ability in this direction, already exhibited on more than one similar occasion, was never more severely tested, or (if the Secretary may trust the unanimous verdict of the travelers concerned) more conspicuously proved, than in this peculiarly difficult case.

The party occupied two special trains, one of which started from New York City, via the Pennsylvania Eailroad, on No- vember 1st, at 2.20 P.M. The second train followed the first' out of Chicago at 10 p.m. on November 2d.

Tniin No. 1. — This train was composed of the Pullman sleepers “ Wildwood ’’ (4 drawing-rooms and 8 sections), “Horatio” (2 drawing-rooms and 7 compartment state-rooms), and “Petruchio” (2 drawing-rooms and 12 sections); the pri- vate car “ Olympia ” (chartered by President Olcott for his own use, one of the large state-rooms of which was, kindly placed at the disposal of Mr. Dwight, as an office); and the ob- servation-car “Pacific” (8 sections, bath-room, large parlor and recessed observation platform). To these were added two 60-ft. Pennsylvania Eailroad (Adams' Express) baggage-cars.

One of these, fitted up as a refrigerator- and storage-car after

A Supplement to tlie Official Proceedings of the Meeting.

Excursions And Entertainments.

designs l)yMr. Dwiglit, carried out of New York over 40,000 lbs. of commissary supplies, in addition to whicli, over 10,000 lbs. were stored iu the dining-' and the otlier baggage-cars. These supplies included about 5000 lbs. of fresh meats, 1000 lbs. of ham, 200 lbs. of bacon, 4500 cans of truits and vegetables, many barrels of tresh fruits and vegetables, 750 lbs. of fresh butter, 3100 qts. of White Eock’’ water, in addition to other supplies required for such a trip in a for- eign country, where American food-supplies are often difficult to obtain.

The second baggage-car was provided in one end with bunks to accommodate ten persons, partitioned off from that portion in whieli the trunks were stored. This was done to eliminate

a very serious olyection common to the usual tourists’ trips, where the cooks and crew are pcrmitte<l to sleep on tlie tallies and floors of the dining-cars.

The train carried about 85 passengers and a crew of about 22 persons, including, in addition to the regular force of waiters, porters, cooks, etc., a l)aggage-man, l)arbcr, store- keeper and maids.

The journey to Chicago was made vvithout incident. The trip had brought together many old friends, and in tlic 24 hours’ run all others becanie well acquainted. Owing to the very great weiglit of tlie train, the limited ” schedule (amid not be maintained, and tlie arrival at Cliicago was an hour behind time. The Engineers’ Club of that city Imd extended an invi-

tation to members and guests of whicli manj availed themselves, during their 7 hours’ stay, by dining at the Club.

While the party was absent IVoin Train No. 1, it was taken to the Atclii- son, Topeka and Sa-nta Ee station, and the baggage of those who were to be accommodated on the second train transferred to the baggage-cars of that train.

At 10 p.M. the first train left the station, followed shortly alteiuvard by

Route of the Excursion to the Mexican Meeting, Xovember, 1901.

Excubsions And Entertainments.

the second. The intention had been to keep the two sections within a few’ minutes of each other; but owing to a defective gas- valve in one of the cars of the second section, considerable delay occurred at Kansas City. The '' right of way was thus lost; and the two trains did not come together again until their arrival at Raton, K. M.

Train No. 2. — This was composed of the compartment-cars Bassanio” and ‘Philario;” the sleepers “Bernardo’ and Oloverdale ’’ (each having 2 drawing-rooms and 12 sections); the private ear Chiricahua ’’ of Dr. James Douglas (which joined the train at El Paso); the observation-car Aladdin;” and two baggage-cars, one belonging to the Mexican Central

Aqueduct from Chihuahua.

railroad, and the other courteously furnished l)y tlie Ghieago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad Company.

As regarded the comfort and guidance of passcmgers, this train was under the charge of Mr. E. W. Parkei% of York City, who kindly volunteered bis valuable assistance in this respect.

General Equipment and Operation . — No more striking proof of the excellence of American railway equipment and tnanagcv ment could be desired than was given hy this continuous ex- cursion of nearly 8400 miles, made with trains of (xcc[)tioual length and weight, over road-beds of variable excelkni(;o (and, sometimes, very bad), including extreme grades and sharp

Excursions And Entertainments.

curves. It is not long since the sending of a single car on a journey of such length and character, without opportunity for shop-repairs, would have been deemed a hazardous experiment. And still more hazardous would have been the submission of seventeen cars to such a test. For it must be remembered that whereas, on a single line, under one control, and provided (as are our great transcontinental or trunk-lines) at frequent inter-

XiiG Night Picture of the lilaminated Cath<dnU at Chihuahua.

vals, with repair-shops, depots of train-supplies or duplicate parts, and even stations where substitute cars could bo obtained in an emergency, the result of a break-down in some detail of equipment might be only insignificant inconvenience or delay, such an accident, occurring on a new line, or in a foreign country, far from any available, immediate remedy, would be a much more serious matter. Apart from the difficulty or im- possibility of adequate temporary repairs, necessitating the

Excursions And Entertainments.

abandonment of a car and the accommodation of its inmates tliroiigli the over-erowding of the remaining cars, the simple delay occasioned by such an event, under such conditions, might entirely nullify the whole of the time-schedule, labori- ously constructed, and accepted by the difterent railroad com-

panies concerned, so as not to interfere with their regular busi- ness and their obligations as mail-carriers.

In other words, after all possible precautions and pixxirrange- ments, the success of such an excursion absolutely depcunUal, in the last analysis, upon the behavior of the railway eapiip-

Excursions And Entertainments.

ment funiislied; and the mere circumstance that this equip- ment could be reasonably calculated upon to endure the test of a month’s continuous and severe use speaks volumes either for the sanguine temperament of the organizers of such an un- dertaking or else for American railway construction and ad- ministration. The further circumstance that such an expecta- tion was actually justified by the event proves the latter, rather than the former.

There were two trifling break-downs in the plumbing of the tAvo trains, and there was a little trouble with the fittings of the private car “ Chiricahua ” ; but this was all. In the whole

Bull-Ring, Parral.

8545 miles traveled, not one car developed even so much as a box;” and at the end of the 30 days, with all their vicissitudes and varied exigencies, the double party was brought into Chicago on the day appointed, two hours ahead of its schedule-time !

This final triumph was due to the notable run of 923 miles from Hew Orleans to Chicago, over the lines of the Illinois Central system, upon which the rate already set by a fast” schedule was so far exceeded as to gain the two hours men- tioned. Over many parts of the line the speed of 70 miles per hour was made, without danger or discomfort to the party. Engineers will see at once tfiat this nerformance shows not

j

Excursions And Entertainments.

merely the excellence of engines and rolling-stock, but also the perfection of the road-bed.

This remarkable record, besides illustrating the perfection of American railway practice, dictates a hearty acknowledg- ment of the zealous co-operation of the officials and employees of the various railroads traversed, and especially of those of the Pullman Company. According to the strict rules estab- lished for the excursion, no individual fees were paid en route to porters, waiters, etc., but every member of the party gladly subscribed to a purse of about $1800, which was distributed among them at the end of the journey.

The perfection of the commissariat is indicated by the fact that more than 16,000 meals were served on the two trains to the 165 passengers and 45 members of the crews, etc., and to many Mexican local members or Committees received and en- tertained upon the trains for brief periods. And the Secretary has neither received any report, nor heard any rumor, of a single instance of dissatisfaction with the management of this depart- ment.

Distance Traveled , — The following memorandum shows the distance traveled by this party from Nov. 1 to Dec. 1, 1901 :

New York City to Philadelphia,

Miles.

Philadelphia to Chicago,

Chicago to El Paso,

El Paso to Chihuahua,

Chihuahua to Jiminez,

Jiminez to Parral and return,

. no

Parral to Santa Barbara and Minas Nuevas,

Jiminez to Zacatecas,

Zacatecas to Mexico City,

Mexico City to Drainage Canal and return.

Mexico City to Cuernavaca and return, .

Mexico City to Pachuca,

Pachiica to Tula,

, 44

Tula to Guadalajara,

Guadalajara to Guanajuato,

Guanajuato to Aguascalientes,

Aguascalientes to San Luis Potosi, .

San Luis Potosi to Smelter and return, .

San Luis Potosi to Cardenas,

Cardenas to Cafetal,

Cafetal to El Abra Falls,

El Abra Falls to Tampico (La Barra),

Tampico (La Barra) to Monterrey, .

Excursions And Entertainments.

Monterrey to Zaragosa and return, .

Monterrey to Baroteran, .

Baroteran to Coal Mines and return,

Baroteran to Eagle Pass, .

Eagle Pass to New Orleans,

New Orleans to Chicago, .

Chicago to Philadelphia, .

Philadelphia to New York City,

Total,

List of the Excursion Party, -

-The following list contains the

names of those who constituted the party :

W. P. Agnew,

H. B. Alexander, .

E. M. de Arozarena,

Mr. Franklin Bacbe, .

Mrs. Franklin Bache, .

Mr. Hugh A. Bain,

Mrs. Hugh. A, Bain,

Mrs. S. K. Barker,

Miss Barker, Mr, E H. Benjamin, .

Mrs. E. H. Benjamin, .

L. S. Bigelow,

Mr. 0. E. Billin, .

Mrs. C. E. Billin, .

Frank S. Bond,

Frank Borrow,

Miss Hally E. Bryan, .

Mr. F. J. Campbell,

Mrs. F. J. Campbell, .

El*. Thomas M. Chatard, Mrs. Thomas M. Chatard, . Maurice Clark,

Mr. William Bullock Clark, Mrs. William Bullock Clark, W. B. Cogswell, .

Mr. F. Collingwood,

Mrs. F. Collingwood, .

Mr. A. L. Collins, .

Mrs. A. L. Collins,

Mr. Edgar S. Cook,

Mrs. Edgar S. Cook,

Miss Eleanor Coxe,

Mr. Samuel W. Croxton,

Mrs. Samuel W. Croxton, . Mr. William M. Cummings, Mr. J. H. Devereux,

Mrs. ,T. H. Devereux, .

Mr. W. B. Devereux, .

Mrs. W. B. Devereux, .

Mr. Samuel Dixon,

Mrs. Samuel Dixon,

New York.

Sandon, B. C.

Mexico City, Mexico. Alderson, I. T. Alderson, I. T.

New York, N.Y.

New York, N.Y. Scranton, Pa. Sci*anton, Pa.

San Francisco, Cal. San Francisco, Cal. New York, N. Y. Chicago, 111.

Chicago, 111.

New York, N, Y. Tellur id e, Colo. Washington, D. C. Denver, Colo.

Denver, Colo. Washington, D. C. Washington, D. C. Mexico City, Mexico. Baltimore, Md. Baltimore, Md. Syracuse, N. Y.

New York, N. Y.

New York, N. Y. Tellur id e, Colo. Telluride, Colo. Pottstown, Pa. Pottstown, Pa. Toledo, Ohio. Cleveland, Ohio. Cleveland, Ohio. Mexico City, Mexico. Aspen, Colo.

Aspen, Colo.

New York, N, Y. New York, N. Y. McDonald, W. Va. McDonald, W. Va.

Excursions And Entertainments.

Dr. James Douglas,

Miss Douglas,

Mrs. J. S. Douglas,

Master Douglas, .

Mr. Arthur S. Dwiglit, . Mrs. Arthur S. Dwight, Theodoie Dwight,

Clarence Ed sail, .

Prof. S. F. Emmons,

W. E. C. Eustis, . Frederick A. Eustis, Augustus H. Eustis, Thomas M. Eyiion,

James Eyuon,

Mr. B. F. Fackenthal, Jr., Mrs. B. F. Fackenthal, Jr., Dr. William J. Ford, . Fritz J. Frank,

Walter C. Gayhart,

C. W. Haines,

Miss Frances B. Hawley, M. Hoehschild,

Mr. L. Holbrook, .

Mrs. L, Holbrook,

Miss Holbrook,

H. L. Hollis,

Charles W. Howard, Jr., Mrs. Emma S. Howard, Miss Hyams, .

Mr. A. W. Jenks, .

Mrs. A. W. Jenks, .

Mr. W. J. Johnston,

Mrs. W. J. Johnston, . Edward S. Jones, .

Mrs. Rufus C. Justis, .

Mr. William Kent,

Mrs. William Kent,

G. Kirch h off,

George E. Ladd, .

Carlos F. de Landero, . Pedro A, de Landero, .

A. Laughton,

Mr, John Lilly,

Ml'S. John Lilly, .

Edwin Ludlow,

Mr. Frederick W. Lyman, Mrs. Frederick W. Lyman, Miss Lyman, .

Mr. William R. Mcllvain, Mrs, William R. Mcllvain, Dr. Henry O. Marcy, , Charles W. Miller,

Harry H. Miller, .

Mrs. R. B. Morison,

E. M. Nolan, Interpreter, Mr, E. E. Oleott, .

Mrs. E. E. Oleott, .

. New York, N. Y.

. New York, N. Y.

. Moron ci, Arizona.

. Morenci, Arizona.

. New York, N, Y.

. New York, N. Y.

. New York, N. Y.

. Colorado Springs, Colo. . Washington, D. C.

. Boston, Mass.

. Boston, Mass.

. Boston, Mass.

. Philadelphia, Pa.

. Philadelphia, Pa.

. Easton, Pa.

. Easton, Pa.

. Washington, Conn.

. Chicago, 111.

. Austin, Nev.

. Philadelphia, la.

. New York, N. Y.

. Mexico City, Mexico.

. Mexico City, Mexico.

. Mexico City, Mexico.

. Mexico City, Mexico.

. Chicago, 111.

. Oakland, Cal.

. Oakland, Cal.

. Dorchester, Mass.

. Mapimi, Mexico.

. Mapimi, Mexico.

. New York, N. Y.

. New York, N. Y.

. Scranton, Pa.

. Fulton, 111.

. New York, N. Y.

. Now York, N. Y.

. New York, N. Y.

. Rollo, Mo.

. Pachuca, Mexico.

. Pachuca, Mexico.

, Mexico City, Mexico.

. LambertviUc, N, J.

. Lambertvillo, N. J,

. Barotci'an, Mexico.

. Minneapolis, Minn.

. Minneapolis, Minn.

. Minneapolis, Minn.

. Reading, Pa.

. Reading, Pa.

. Boston, Mass.

. Aspen, Colo.

, New York, N. Y,

. Baltimore, Md.

. Han Antonio, Texas.

. New York, N. Y.

. New York, N. Y.

Excursions And Entertainments.

Aliss Eupliemia Olcott, . Mrs. Neilson Olcofct, .

E. L. Oliver, .

Mr. E, W. Parker,

Mrs. E. W. Parker,

Mr. W. S. Pilling:,.

Mrs, W. S. Pilling,

Miss E. J. Platfc, .

Mr. F. E. Platt, .

Mrs. F. E. Platt, .

Mrs. Joseph C. Platt, .

Robert E. Plumb, . Theodore D. Rand,

Jacob M. Rich,

M. P. Rich, .

Mrs. George B. Richards, Master G. JB. Richards, Jr., Prof. R. H. Richards, .

Mrs. R. H. Richards, William H. Richmond,

Miss Emeline K. Richmond Miss Clara M. Richmond, Miss Laura Riegel,

Miss Ida Riegel, .

Prof. Heinrich Ries,

Mrs. Heinrich Ries,

Thomas M. Righter,

Miss Righter,

Miss E. M. Rivinus,

Mr. Charles Schaffer, .

Mrs. Charles Schaffer, .

Miss Sealy, .

Miss Ella Scaly, .

Vlr. H. J. Seaman,

VErs. H. J. Seaman,

V. W. Sheafer,

Jeorge Singer,

Miss Lina G. Slee,

Mr. J. William Smith, .

Mrs. J. William Smith,

J. W. Steiger, kimuol Storrow, .

Mr. John E. Sweet,

Jrs. John E. Sweet,

Mr. P, M. Taylor, .

Jrs. F. M. Taylor,

J. H. Taylor, Jr., .

Ir. Edwin Thomas,

Its. Edwin Thomas, .

Ir. Samuel Thomas, ,

Irs. Samuel Thomas, .

Ii*. M. D. Valentino, .

Irs. M. t). Valentine, . liss Anna T. Van Santvoorc I. A. Viel6, . liss Weightman,

Jharles H- Welles,

New York, N. Y. New York, N. Y. San Francisco, Cal, Washington, D. C, Washington, D. C. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Scranton, Pa. Scranton, Pa. Scranton, Pa. Waterford, N. Y. Detroit, Mich. Philadelphia, Pa. New York, N. Y, New York, N, Y. Buffalo, N. Y. Buffalo, N. Y. Boston, Mass. Boston, Mass. Scranton, Pa. Scranton, Pa. Scranton, Pa Riegelsville, Pa. Riegelsville. Pa. Ithaca, N. Y.

Ithaca, N. Y.

Mount Carmel, Pa. Mount Carmel, Pa. Washington, D. C. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Galveston, Texas. Galveston, Texas. Catasauqua, Pa. Catasauqua, Pa. Pottsville, Pa. Pittsburg, Pa. Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Syracuse, N. Y, Syracuse, N. Y. Washington, D. C. New York, N. Y. Syracuse, N. Y. Syracuse, N. Y. Denver, Colo. Denver, Colo. Philadelphia, Pa Catasauqua, Pa. Catasauqua, Pa. Catasauqua, Pa. Catasauqua, Pa. Woodbridge, N. J. Woodbridge, N. .T. New York, N. Y. Schenectady, N. Y„ Philadelphia, Pa. Scranton, Pa.

Excursions And Entertainments.

H. E. West, .

Mr. A. H. Wethey,

Mrs. A. H. Wethey,

L. H. Whitham, .

Mr. William H, Wiley, Mrs. William H. Wiley, Mr. David Williams, , Mrs. David Williams, . B. Williams, .

L. Williams, .

Mrs. L. Williams, .

Mr. Jones Wister,

Mrs. Jones Wister,

Miss Wister, .

Mr. Oscar Wolff, .

Mrs. Oscar Wolff, . Walter Wood,

H. H. Yard, .

Libby, Mont. Butte, Mont.

Butte, Mont.

New York, N. Y. New York, N. Y. New York, N. Y. New Yoi’k, N. Y. New York,N.Y. San Francisco, Cal. Milton, Cal. Milton, Cal. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Baltimore, Md. Baltimore, Md. Philadelphia, Pa. New York, N. Y.

It should be added that, besides the persons above named,, the sessions of the meeting and many of the local excursions were attended by many of the 130 members of the Institute resident in Mexico, and hy numerous other engineers and guests.

Chihuahua,

The party arrived at Chihuahua on Nov. 5th, at about 6 p.m.,. several hours behind schedule-time, by reason of the excessive weight of the two special trains, which arc said to have been the heaviest that ever entered Mexico.* Notwithstanding this serious interference with the plans of the Local Committee, its programme was carried out with energy, night being turned into day for this purpose. On arrival at the railway-station,, the party was immediately conveyed in carriages to the mag- nificent State Palace, whore it was received by ( {overnor Miguel Ahumada with an address of welcome in Spanish, to which President Olco-tt made an appropriate reply in the same lan- guage. The guests wmre then presented individually to the Governor. A large and excellent band, consisting of pupils- of the School of Arts under 16 years of age, furnished appro- priate music; and an elegant refection wms served in an adjoin- ing room.

A large part of the night, after 9 p.m., was devoted to a bril- liant ball, given in honor of the visitors, in the Theatro deS'

In justice to the Mexican Central Eailway Vo,j it should bo said that nearly all this loss of time was incurred between Kansas City and El Paso.

Excursions And Entertainments.

Heroes a handsome building erected by the State. The array of Mexican beauty and fashion presented on this occasion added

Chapultepec Palace.

supper, constituted a characteristic and impressive introduction to the hospitality of the Eepublic and its citizens.

Popocatepetl, from Sacremonte.

(Photograph by Henry M. Stanley.)'

rles gold and 10 to 14 oz. ot silver per ton, with 18 per cent of manganeBe, 2 of iron, and 16 to 20 of silica, the remainder being carbonate of lime.

Coaches were provided by the Local Committee for tlio use of the visitors on all occasions.

Wednesday, ISTovember 6th, was occupied with visits to points of interest in and about the city, conducted by Englisb- spealdng guides. Some of the party visited the Desouhndora manganese ’’-mine, a few miles distant, the ore of which car-

BXCUESrONS AND ENTERTAINMENTS.

EXCURSIONS AND ENTERTAINMENTS. cliii

Special trains were provided by Messrs. C. S. Sheldon and A. S. Dash, managers, respectively, of the Chihuahua and Pacific and the Chihuahua Mineral railway of Santa Eulalia, to run to Minaca and Santa Eulalia.

During the evening, the band of the School of Arts gave a promenade concert on the main plaza, which was elaborately decorated with flags and bunting, while the facade and spires of the Cathe- dral were brightly outlined and illuminated with innumerable twinkling lights. The smaller plaza in front of the Governor’s palace was also illu- minated, and the festive scene was full of picturesque and fascinating variety.

The adjectives ot praise, admiration and thanks will neces- sarily be employed again in this narrative ; but they will not have been in any later instance more thoroughly deserved than they were on this first notable occasion of the Institute trip in Mexico. The lavish and thorough preparations and the un- wearied courtesy of Governor Ahumada and the Local Com- mittee ; the cordial co-operation of the citizens and ladies of Chihuahua; the interesting features and typical spectacles pre- sented by the city, and tle great historic, present and future importance of this State as a mining field, combined to estab- lish Chihuahua in the memory of its guests beyond the danger of eclipse by any subsequent experience, however splendid.

From the pamphlet guide and programme fur- nished by the Local Committee, the following par- ticulars have been condensed as worthy of preser- vation :

Chihuahua, a city of 35,000 inhabitants, and the capital of the largest State of Mexico, was founded early in the seventeenth century by the Spaniards, who worked the rich mines of the sur- rounding hills. Some of these are still productive.

Those of the Santa Eulalia district, 15 miles east of the city, have been in operation for 300 years, and’ are estimated to have produced silver and lead to the value of nearly |2, 000, 000,000.

The present output is more than 300 tons of ore

Excursions And Entertainments.

daily, running from 30 per cent, of lead and 40 oz, of silver per ton to still higher values.

Chihuahua ranks first among the States of the Republic as a mining region. The present product of gold and silver bullion alone (not including ores shipped to smelters for treatment) exceeds $800,000 monthly, of which $250,000 is exported to the United States and England. The chief producers of silver bullion are the Batopilas Company ($180,000 per month) ; J. J. Water son, Ocampo ($50,000); El Concheno ($56,000); Pinos Altos ($42,000); Santa Eduviges ($38,000); Belen Co. ($25,000); and El Refugio Co. ($24,000). Among the few properties in

Study in Bronze.

this State which produce gold exclusively are La Glloria aud Oerro Colorado, near Batopilas (reported to produce, together, |44,000 per month) ; the Gruazapares mines (which have yielded in the past an enormous amount of ore, and have been pur- chased lately by a strong American company, with a view to extensive developments); and the Placer of Santo Domingo (likewise recently acquired by a foreign syndicate, which is now expending more than |500,000 gold in new machinery and plant). The largest known Mexican gold-nuggets have been found in the last-named district.

The principal mining camps of the State are Santa Eulalia, Parra], Jesus Maria, Batopilas, Guadalupe y Calvo, El Con-

Excursions And Entertainments

cheno, Pinos Altos, Santa Barbara, Cusihuiriachic, Magistral, Dolores, Gruazapares, Morelos, Drique, La Descabridora, and Corralitos. The largest copper-mines are at Magistral and Gnaynopita.

Cliapel of the Well, Guadalupe. (Photo, by H. H. Stanley.)

The construction ot the proposed Kansas City, Mexico and Orient railroad is expected to increase greatly the productive- ness of many districts.

For all these raining regions the city ot Chihuahua is the distributing center, and their progressive prosperity will in-

Excursions And Entertainments.-

crease its importance. Fortunately, under the able administra- tion of Governor Ahuniada (who is now serving his third term),

First Shrine in Mexico City.

the future ot the city has been worthily provided for by the introduction of modern municipal improvements, among which may be specially mentioned, as due to his wisdom and enei’gy.

Typical Pulqueria.

the public-school system, water-works, sewers, macadamized streets, and the State Theater.

Excursions And Entertainments.

.The city contains a number of important industrial establishments, including the large La Paz textile-mill ; a tine brewery; a. very extensive meat-packing and canning factory (with capacity to handle 300 head of cattle per day) ; and, most interesting of all to mem- bers of the Institute, the iron- and steel-works of La Compania Industrial Mexicana of which the following account is taken from the Iron Age of Nov. 21, 1901 :

‘‘La Compania Indnstrial Mexicana is under the manage- ment of Juan A. Creel, an exceedingly progressive and alert Mexican, a native of Chihuahua, who, with his brother, En- rique C. Creel, is identified with the different industries and with extensive mining enterprises. Mr. Creel, who was partly educated in the United States, began his career in a local bank, and has now, at the age of 85, reached the point where he can work out his patriotic desire of devoting his abundant energies to the uplifting, from an economic point of view, of his country- men and to the development of the extensive, though still largely dormant,, resources of the State, Mr. Creel took hold of the Compania Industrial Mexi- cana in 1893, when the plant consisted of a small foundry and machine shop. Under his management it has prospered and grown, and is still expanding rap- idly. A most interesting feature of much significance which has taken place simultaneously with this development is the education of native labor to the rank of skilled artisans. In 1893 the Mexicans were employed only as common laborers. To-day, when running full, the plant has 550 men on its pay-rolls, of whom all but about 50 are natives. They have taken their places as raolders, pattern-makers, machinists, rollers and melters, callings unknown to them until now. They are paid the same wages as those earned by the Amei'ican mechanics, the machinists receiving 153 to $5 per day, Mexican money, while the pattern- makers earn as high as |C, Mexican, per day, — wages which, in gold, are about on a par with those paid in the United States.

‘ ‘ The plant consists of a 15-ton Wellman tilting basic open-hearth furnace, equipped with a Wellman charging machine, the steel being cast into groups of small ingots on cars, bottom-casting having been adopted. The two bottom run- ners are of such dimensions that after the sprues are cut off a 4-inch billet is pro- duced, whicli can be rolled into shapes for which an absolutely perfect surface is not necessary. The pig-iron is purchased in the United States, but the works use largely old car-wheels, and, of course, depend upon the country for the

elviii

Excursions And Entertainments.

wrought scrap. Purchased muck -bars are the raw material for such iron bai*s as are rolled.

The rolling-mill, which is equipped with a modern heating-furnace, has a 12-incli and an 8-inch train, and produces bars down to J-inch rounds. It is driven by two engines, both of which were built in the works.

“ There is a large foundry and a good-sized machine-shop, crowded with Amer-

At Real del Monte.

lean tools, although a number of the tools were made in the shop. The com- pany make a specialty of mining machinery, stamp-mills, slag- and metal-pots, etc., and build Corliss engines up to 1000 horse-power. In the shops, in course of erection at the time of the visit of the engineers, was a 1000 horse-power hori- zontal Corliss compound engine for an electric plant. The foundry makes also miscellaneous castings, and quite recently the manufacture of stoves has been

Lodgings for Man and Beast.

(FhotOw tv Cox & Carmichael.)

taken up. There is a brass-foundry and a special department for the manufacture of valves, this being the only plant of its kind in Mexico. All the parts of the plant outside of the rolling-mill are driven by electric motors, the engine being a product of the shops. There is now in course of erection a new electric plant,

Excursions And Entertainments,

housed in a building the structural work of which was furnished by the American Bridge Company, It is large enough for an equipment of 10,000 horse-power. The present electric installation is supplying the town with light, but has reached its limit of capacity in that direc- tion. The fuel used for the boilers is wood and coal, the latter costing $12 per ton for Mexican and $18 for American coal. The plans are being drawn for a very large new machine-shop, the old one having outgrown its quarters.

‘Friends of Mr. Creel relate a recent experience which ilhistmtes both his enterprise and the difference between foreign and native management. At a short distance from Chihuahua is a copper- mining property which has passed through the hands of several Eng- lish companies, the last having spent about $1,000,000. As an indica- tion of the chararter of the work done, the fact may be cited that the slags made by the smelter ran 2 per cent, of copper.

The property, being .regarded as a complete failure, was hawked about in vain. Mr. Creel finally purchased mines and smelter for $25,000, Mexican money. He put in new machinery at the smelter and made improvements which cost in all $92,000,

Mexican currency. In 14 months the entire outlay had been recovered, and the company, known as the Rio Tinto Mexicana, is earning handsomely.”

Parral

Delegations from the Local Committee boarded the two sec- tions of the excursion-train en route early in the morning of Thursday, November 7th, and many miles away from their stopping-place. Eeaching Parral at 11 a.m., the party was met by the remainder of the Committee, with a brass band, at

Excursions And Entertainments.

the railway station. After an address of welcome irom the Mayor, Sr. Don Tito Arriola, they were divided into three parties, one of which, under the guidance of Mr. Edward Dii-

Chapel of Aranzazn, Griiadalajara.

fourc, the American superintendent of the Montezuma Lead Co., visited the Santa Barbara district (15 miles from Parral, on a branch of the Mexican Central railway); another was conveyed over the Parral and Durango narrow-

gauge railway to Minas IsTuevas; and the third

inspected the mills and other points of inter- est in and around the A town itself.

At 4 p.M. the three par ties were reunited and

conducted, through a vast peons in

picturesque costume, , to the a large

warehouse, which had been emptied, re-plas- tered, kalsomined and , decorated in their

an elegant bai for the several a of which suiidr tant localities been drawn Oysters came Corpus Christi from Tampico, c coast of the G Mexico ; and

Excursions And Entertainments.

Here, as in many other places in Mexico where the repre- sentatives of the Institute were entertained, the portraits of Hidalgo, Juarez and Diaz, who occupy in the history of that

Republic places of honor and esteem corresponding to those of Washington, Lincoln and McKinley in the United States, were prominent among the festal decorations. This fact was grace- fully utilized by Sr. Don Felipe Arellano, member of the

Excursions And Entertainments,

Isational Mexican Congress, who, as the appointed representa- tive of the municipal authorities and the Local Committee,

Making Adobe Bricks, Guanajuato.

otfered at the close of the banquet, and in the English lan- guage, the following address and toast :

Ladie,% Young Ladies, and Oentlemen : I am not going to make a speecli ; there is not time for that, and I am not master enough of the English language to say all that ought to be said on this occasion.

Appointed by the first political authority of this oity to offer you this ban-

Clxiv EXCURSIONS AND ENTERTAINMENTS.

quet, I will only say a few words to you, to express, if my lacking knowledge of tlie language of Shakespeare allows me to do it, the gratitude of tlie inhabitants of this raining district for your kindness in coming to visit our mountains.

San Francisco Churcli at Marfil.

'' Yes, the xniners and merchants of this city and its neighborhood feel them- selves very happy to. see you here ; and they tender to you their most warm thanks for vour visit. Everybody here has felt happy and honored to shake

Excursions And Entertainments.

hands with you this morning, and hopes that this visit of some of the most dis- tinguished engineers of the United States will be of great benefit to this mining district. Please accept, then, our thanks, and the assurance that your short stay here will be always remembered with pleasure.

“Please have the kindness to accept, too, this poor banquet as a token of our good will. We know that it is really poor ; but we hope that you will accept it so, taking into consideration our lack of proper means to receive and to entertain such distinguished guests as you are.

“ Please, too, accept the little silver spoons and the historical book of our town and mines, which an especial commission is going to put in your hands before we leave this table, as a testimony of our high esteem and gratitude to all of you.

“ And now, distinguished Ladies and enlightened Gentlemen, Good-by, Good-

The Patio Process,

by to you all ! May God bless your way wherever you go ; may fortune and hap- piness be always your lot in the struggles of life ; and when you return home, when you kiss again the flourishing and rosy cheeks of your little ones, turn back your looks towards Mexico, and then remember, and never forget, the new but true friends that you leave in Hidalgo del Parral ! But, then and now, forget and forgive the imperfect use that I have just made of your sweet and native lan- guage.

“Now, let us drink to the United States, the country of Washington, father of freedom in America, and of Lincoln and McKinley, the two great, courageous and glorious redeemers from slavery ; not only the United States, but also Cuba, Puerto Kico and the Pilipinas ; to Mexico, the country of Hidalgo, Juarez and Porfirio Diaz ; to the two sister Republics, the first on the American Continent and in a great part of the civilized world ; to General Porfirio Dfaz, President of

dxvi

Excursions And Entertainments.

Mexico, the great warrior and statesman, who in a short period of time has raised so high the name of the Mexican Kepnblic ; and to Colonel Theodore Koosevelt, the brave leader of the 'Rough Riders before the walls of Santiago de Cuba, and now the able President of the United States of America !

‘Senores: Digamos ahora todos, en el niagestuoso idioma de Cervantes : VA la

Fraternidad Universal!’’

A suitable response to this eloquent address was made by President Olcott ; and the re- mainder of the day, together with the early eyening, was spent in informal social entertainments, including a visit to the Casino, where a ball was in progress. At 9 p.m. the special trains left Parral.

The historical book ’’ mentioned in the address above

quoted was a beautifully illustrated souvenir, entitled Hidalgo

At Marfil.

del Parral, a Mining District Abounding in Mineral Wealth, Indian Legends and Interesting Superstitions, from which the following

EXCURSIONS AND ENTERTAINMENTS. clxvi]

account has been condensed, with the insertion of some addi- tional remarks from other sources :

The exact date of the first discovery of ore in Parral cannot be fixed. That it was before 1662 is proved by a report of that date by the Alcalde, Capt. A, Gruerra, which mentions 29 mines as working in what was evidently the mine now called the Jesus ilfaria, and 14 in the Negrita' evidently the present Tqjo. The town-record of mines and denouncements (loca- tions) for 1632 shows great activity in raining at that period. All the municipal records earlier than 1612 are lost; but it is known that the town was established considerably before that date.

Prior to 1634 the mines were worked for gold only ; but in that year Gov. Don Gonzalo Gomes de Cervantez reported to the Marquis of Sinaloa that ores had been discovered carrying 12 oz. of silver per 100 lbs., and that some of these could be successfully amalgamated, while others must be smelted. The records of 1634 show 4 amalgamating-works and 20 smelters in operation.

In the Parral assay-office, the record from 1641 to 1847 shows 569,741 marcos (or 4,557,741 oz.) of silver; and it may be inferred that after a few years of decline, between 1634 to 1641, there was a considerable revival of the industry. Prom 1649 to 1688, however, the reg:istry of only 813,472 marcos

Excursions And Entertainments.

(2,507,776 oz.) of silver indicates another decline. Such fluc- tuations are doubtless due to the fact that, with the crude early methods of mining and reduction, only very rich ores could be mined with profit, so that the condition of the industry de- pended from year to year upon the opposing factors of the ex- haustion of old bonanzas and the discovery of new ones, rather

Washing Tailings.

than upon the systematic and continuous working ol the same mines.

The old records from 1688 to 1718 were destroyed by tlio French during their intervention in Mexico, a century and a half later; and only a few facts can be now gleaned from the remaining documents.

It may be inferred from the records that from 1718 to 1820

Excursions And Entertainments.

the immediate vicin- ity of Parral main- tained a considerable output, mostly or wholly from shallow workings. The later records of this period frequently refer to Parral as containing ores of low grade but boundless quantity.

What was meant by low grade at that time seems to be in- dicated by the state- ment (in a petition for the establishment of suitable reduction- works) that the ores contained only 12 oz. of silver per earga of 300 lbs. — or, say, 80 oz. per ton !

It is hoped that a full account of the ore-deposits and mining industry of this district, prepared by a competent hand, will be published hereafter in the Transactions of the Institute. Mean- while, the following scanty notes are reproduced from the little book of the Local Committee.

Parral is located in the foot-hills of the Sierra Madre, the main range of which forms an imposing background to the series of successive elevations which ascend, step-like, from Jiminez, on the great Mexican plateau. Prom this place a branch of the Mexican Central railroad runs to, and about 60 miles beyond, Parral. With the comple- tion of this branch to Parral, about three years ago, the present revived activity in mining began. Previously, ores were hauled by wagon to Jiminez, and shipped thence to Socorro, hi*. M., El Paso, Texas, or Mapimi,. Mex., for treatment.

Guanajuato.

Excursions And Entertainments.

In the immediate vicinity of Parral the gen- eral rock is ‘‘ porphyry/' which contains strong and well-defined veins, carrying siliceous silver- ores low ill lead. Large bodies of low-grade ore, formerly not profitable, will now be mined by economical modern methods and machinery, and concentrated or reduced in the district. It is reported that the mills completed during the last two years, or now under construction, have a capacity of 1200 tons of ore daily.

Santa Barbara , — This place, 10 m. SW. of Parral, in the most important part of the general Parral dis- trict, is the oldest camp in northern Mexico. It was founded in 1547 by Spanish explorers, who are reported to have opened ten gold-mines, producing from 12 to 14 oz. of gold per carga of 800 lbs. 12 arrobas of 25 lbs.), supplying 700 arrastres,, and supporting a population of 7000. In 1580, Santa Barbara was the seat of the Spanish viceroy, who ruled over what is now the western and southwestern part of the United States, as well as the northern part of Mexico.

Early in the 17th century the prosperity of Santa Bar- bara seems to have been inter- rupted by a general “ stam- pede " of miners to the new district of San Diego de Mi- nas IsTuevas — now simply Mi- nas Uuevas — of which men- tion is made below. The official records have little to say of the older camp for some two hundred years. It is noted that early in the nineteenth century foreign capital was invested, espe- cially in the Mina del Agua, which was sunk 60 ft. below the water-level, and then abandoned. (In 1892 this

San LiiiB Potosi.

Excursion'S And Entertainments.

mine was reopened by a foreign company, which realized from it in a few months, and with small outlaj a net profit of more than |80,000.) There are also allusions to extensive gambo- cino gopher workings on all of the larger veins, which proved, as usual, profitable to the operators, but ruinous to the mines and the camp.

The general conntry-rock at Santa Barbara is slate and shale, traversed by N.-S. veins, dipping 45® to 75® E. Of these, the Tecolotes and the Mina del Agua can be traced for 3 or 4 miles over the mountains. Pockets of very rich gold-ore were found near the surface; but below the oxidized zone the grade was much lower, though the quantity of ore is large and regular.

Making Tortilla.

Minas Nuedas . — The origin of this camp was later than that of Santa Barbara, but doubtless considerably earlier than 1645, which is, however, the first date of a mining location now ac- cessible in the books at Parral. In 1657 there were fourteen competing ore-buyers in the camp — a proof of considerable production at that time. The first mine in the district is said to have been the Vela Grande located on the Veta Colorado which is the strongest vein in the district, and, perhaps, in Mexico. Its outcrop is plainly traceable for ten miles over the mountains, and averages, so far as it has been developed, 500 ft. in width. The deepest mine on this vein is the Veta Grade the incline of which has reached the depth of 1250 ft. (about

Excursions And Entertainments.

1000 ft. vertically), and shows at the bottom a vein from 15 to 18 ft. wide, assaying from 40 to 60 oz. gold per ton. Other old and new mines on the vein are the San Ftaneisco de la Merena (700 ft.) ; Nopal (700 ft.) ; Presena and Alf arena (900 ft.) ; Biseayna. (about 600 ft.) ; El Verde (about 1100 ft.) ; Los Muertes (680 ft.) ; Pachuquena (700 ft.) ; and the Quebradillas, the south end of which has been worked to the depth of 550 ft. ; while the north end, opened within the last 10 years, and now in bonanza, is 725 ft. deep. (The figures above given all signify inclined depth, unless otherwise specified).

The Brute and the Burden.

The ores from this vein are red with iron oxide — whence the name Veta Colorado.

Zacatecas.

On Friday, ISTovember 8th, at 4 p.m., the party reached Zaea- tecas. At this place no official reception had been arranged; but a stop of some three hours enabled the guests to see the quaint and interesting old city; and a. small number of them visited a neighboring mine. Zacatecas lies at an altitude of 8000 ft., has 45,000 inhabitants, and was founded in the mid- dle of the sixteenth century. The district is said to have pro- duced, from 1548 to 1810, gold and silver to the value of nearly $10,000,000.

Excursions And Entertainments.

The City of Mexico,

The capital was reached at 4 p.m. on Saturday, ITovember 9th. Among the numerous visits and social entertainments offered to the Institute dui*ing the meeting were the following : Monday November 11th, — Inspection of the Library, Hall of

Models, Meteorological Observatory (commanding a magnifi- cent panoramic view of the city), and Mineralogical and Gfeo- logical Cabinets of the School of Engineers; visits to the IsTational Library, the Cathedral, etc., and (in special electric cars) to the suburbs.

Monday Evening, — Eeception given by the Ayuntamiento ot the City in the Municipal Palace.

Tuesday,, November l%th, — Visit to the National Museum and the Academy of Fine Arts-. Reception by President Diaz in the beautiful castle of Chapultepec (built by the Viceroy of Ber- nardo de Galvez, and completed by the Emperor Maximilian). Visit to Guadalupe; inspection of the sampling- and testing-works of Heckelmann & McCann (the only establishment in Mexico where experimental working-tests for the concen- tration and metallurgical treatment of ores are made). In the evening, a reception and ball at the American Club, given by the Amei‘ican resi- dents of the City.

Wednesday, November 13A.— Special excursion via the Hidalgo and Northern railway to inspect the great drainage-works of the Valley of Mexico,

Excursions And Entertainments.

recently completed. From the City to San Cristobal , where the railroad crosses the canal, the party were the guests of Sr. Don Gabriel Mancera, the owner of the road. At San Cris- tobal they were taken in charge by Sr. Don Luis Espenosa chief engineer of the contracting company which bnilt the works. In the afternoon, a banquet, provided by the Local Committee, was served at Znmpango. The table was decorated with flowers, and a series of large glass vessels, containing the three famous red, white and green national varieties of pulque

Saddle Mountain, Monterrey.

punch, flavored respectively with the juice of the prickly pear,, almond and celery. The menu was composed of Mexican dishes.

Wednesday Evening . — Musical Reception and Tea, tendered by the railway, banking and mercantile circles, and the engi- neers of the City, at the restaurant in the gardens of Chapul- tepee.

Thursday November 14:th — Special excursion over the Mexi- can, Cuernavaca and Pacific railroad to Cuernavaca, in the State of Guerrero. This is one of the famous scenic lirus of the Republic. After crossing the valley of Mexico, the road ascends the mountain-side, traversing the lava-beds, to an alti-

Excujrsions And Entertainments.

tude of 10,400 ft. Then it drops rapidly 5000 ft. into the rich valley of the Morelos, with Cuernavaca in the center. The snow-capped peaks of Popo- catepetl and Ixtaccihuatl are almost continuously in sight. The town is in the tropical zone, and the last 75 miles of the trip brought the party from the temperate climate of the plateau to the tropical plain, with its sugar plantations and cof- fee trees. The chief attractions were the Borda gardens, commenced in the middle of the last century by a French miner, and still very luxuriant and attractive, though their fountains and terraces show the results of long neglect. The plaza, market-place, old Cortez palace, and other ancient buildings at Cuernavaca, are very interesting. The railroad has been completed through the Igualo canon to the Balsas river, which it will follow to the Pacific at Zihuataiiejo, thus opening to commerce the dormant mineral resources of the State of Guerrero and the agricultural section of the State of Morelos.

The excursion-party returned about 9 p.m. to the City of Mexico ; and at midnight the special trains departed for Pa- chuca, which was reached early on Friday morning.

During their stay iu' Mexico, the visitors were furnished with a guide-book to the city and emirons and an admirable descrip-

tive pamphlet, prepared by the Local Committee, and containing much material of historical, scientific and professional interest concerning the localities visited, and the conditions and prospects of the Republic.

The greater part of this ma- terial will be found in the two following papers, by mem- bers of the Institute, which will he separately published in the usual way, as personal contributions to the Transac- tione :

City and Valley of Mexico,’’ by Prof. Ezequiel

dxxvi

Excursions And Entertainments.

Ordoilez, Sub-Director of the National Geological Institute, Mexico, Mex.

“ A Sketch of Mexican Railroads,” by Victor M. Braschi, Mexico, Mex.

Pachuca.

Early in the morning of Friday, November 15th, the two trains arrived at Pachuca, the home of Sr. Don Carlos F. de Laudero, a Vice-President of the Institute, and the leading spirit in the reception of his fellow-members throughout the Republic. Pachuca is famous also in the history of Mexican mining, and especially as the birthplace of the process.

The travelers were awakened at 7.30 by the strains of a military band, and, upon leaving the ears, were cordially wel- comed by the Local Committee, headed by the Mayor, Sr. Don Rodolfo Munoz, and conveyed in carriages to the Palace, where, at 8.45 A.M., they were received by His Excellency, the Governor of the State of Hidalgo, who, by the way, spent his time almost exclusively for the next two days in cordial contributions to the entertainment of the guests. After an exchange of addresses, and the distribution of programmes, etc., containing useful in- formation, the party resumed their carriages (vehicles of various capacity, drawn by from 4 to 11 mules each, and collected from a large region, to meet the special demand for transportation) and were driven miles to the Santa Gertrudis mine, 2000 ft. above sea-level, where extensive preparations had been made for their reception. Those who desired to go underground were conducted into the mine-workings. There are five pwiTicipal shafts for hoisting and pumping, respectively 242, 245, 470, 420 and 202 meters deep. The absence of timbering and the protec- tion by arches of masonry of all drifts, etc., not in solid rock, is an interesting feature of this and other mines of the district. This mine has produced since 1878 about $25,000,000 (Mex.) in silver.

The roost remarkable sight above ground here is the now Gornish pumping-engine, built in 1898 by Buckle & Co., Lim- ited, of Plymouth, England, which was, at the time of this visit, ready to begin to run regularly, but had been run, in fact, but a few hours. The Engineering News of Nov. 28, 1901, gives the following description of it :

Excursions And Entertainments.

‘‘The steam cylinder is 90 in. in diameter and 10 ft. stroke, and its pump-plun- ger 9 ft. stroke and 18 in. diameter. The pump-rods are 500 meters, or 1600 ft., long. Its capacity is 1000 English gallons per minute, or, translated into Amer- ican terms, about 1,750,000 gallons in 24 hours.

“This enormous engine is said to have cost over $100,000 gold. It requires a large house to contain it ; and, besides, it requires a special steam capstan — a large drum driven through a worm-gear by a double upright engine — to erect it or to remove its parts for repairs. The engine has the old Watt parallel motion and the cataract valve-gear of the eighteenth century. An engine of this type has probably not been built in the United States, except possibly in California, for over 30 years, but it appears still to be built in England. The only reason for its being in this mine is that its former management was English. The present owners and managers are Mexicans, and they would not have bought such an engine. Matching the engine in out-of-dateness is a new battery of Cornish boilers ; but these we did not see, as they were covered over with a floor, to make the boiler- room into a banquet hall for our entertainment.”

A sumptuous banquet, served in the great boiler-house of the mine, which had been specially floored to accommodate 400 guests, was followed by numerous enthusiastic speeches in Spanish and English, of which the following, delivered by Captain Tomas Soloman, is preserved as containing much valu- able information :

“ To the Visiting Membm oj the Anierican Institute of Mining EnineerSy their Families ami Frimds :

“ Ladies and Oentlmnm: It is with, much pleasure that we welcome you to Banta llertrudis, and we heartily thank you for the honor you have conferred upon us in coming into our midst to-day. We hope that your visit to Pachuca will be both an agreeable and profitable one, and that your general tour will be success- ful in every respect, and that you will take away with yon many happy impres- sions and remembrances of this sunny land.

' I.

Excursions And Entertainments.

have been requested to give you a brief outline of the history of this ancient and justly renewed mining district, and principally of this property on which you are now standing, and which is one of the most important mining propositions of this country. I have also been asked to exj)ress my views of Mexico and her people.

"'The records we have of the oldest mines in this vicinity we owe, perhaps, to the researches of Humboldt. Another authority, however, Mr. W. P. Eoh- ertson, has made the statement that those of Eeal del Monte had been worked fully three hundred years before the advent of Don Pedro Jose Eomero de Terreros, an enterprising Spaniard, who was afterwards created Conde de Eegla. He came in 1749, and several years of prosperity were the fruits of his admin- istration. After his death, adversity came to his heirs, and the liabilities on the mines increasing, they found it convenient, in 1824, to enter into a contract with the English Taylor Co., with the result that the mines were leased to this pow- erful and widely known corporation for a period of twenty- one years. This com- pany, with ample capital at their back, entered with expensive enthusiasm into the work of development, and in the following year, 1825, three ships, each of 300 tons burden, arrived at Vera Cruz with machinery, which machinery, owing to the difficulties of communication in those trying days, did not reach its desti- nation until the following year, This English syndicate’s success was so indif- ferent that in 18-18 they entered into liquidation, with a loss said to have reached the sum of $5,000,000.

‘‘The local British colony, which has numbered as many as 600 souls, may be looked upon as the importation of the Taylor Co., and is still a force to-day in the encouragement of mining in the State of Hidalgo.

“ I may say, in passing, that I fear you will not find much to interest you here in the mechanical line, and you may fail to add to your scientific attain- ments through an inspection of our machinery plants, because they have all been imported. In any case, having come, as you all haye, from the greatest Republic, which is to play such an important part in the history of the future, you will not expect too much from us. We hope that the time is not far distant, however, when Mexico will cease to be under the necessity of bringing so much machinery from abroad. With such an influx of foreign money, we can anticipate the erection of extensive concerns to be devoted to the construction of all tliat we need. Mexico’s resources are practically inexhaustible, and there is an immense field here for the remunerative investment of capital.

“Turning to Santa Gertrudis, there arc indications of work having been done on this spot during the Spanish occupation, and the venture appears to have been abandoned at some period, owing to the excessive cost of deep mining. It is not known exactly, I believe, when the attention of the English was first attracted to this property, hut it seems to have been transferred from one to another during many years until 1875, October 25tli, on which date it was acquired 'by Messrs. William Stoneraan and Christopher Ludlow, the former a worthy pioneer and authority on mining, and the latter still a deserving resident of Pachuca.

“These gentlemen, having insufficient means to continue their explomtions and provide drainage facilities, decided eventually to form a small company among their friends, and many stories are told of ofiers of fortunes in stock made to and declined by them, their faith being at a very low ebb. In 1877 Sefior Jos4 de Landero y Cos was induced to subscribe for two bars (a bar being 'Vth), Captain Francis Rule and others also taking stock. Shortly after the for- mation of this company ore was discovered by accident whilst timbering, and tlie bars were soon quoted at |5000 each, after the total assessment per bar had only

Excursions And Entertainments.

amounted to |80. In 1878 dividends to the amount of $28,800 were paid. Iii 1879 a Cornish pump and steam hoist were installed on the new vertical shaft to the west, thus enabling the company to reach a depth of 240 meters. In 1890 a second Cornish pump was necessarily erected on another shaft to the east (the San Guillermo), for the purpose of lifting the water to the original pump. Up to 3883, if exception be made of the frequent and unfortunate changes of execu- tive and management, everything went well. In that year Captain Francis Buie accepted the management, and, subsequently, was elected to the Board of Direc- tors, with Senor Francisco Hernandez, Secretary of the State of Hidalgo, and Senor Francisco Bosete as associates j and they continued uninterruptedly in office until July of this year, when they resigned, and were succeeded by Messrs. Jose de Landero y Cos, Agustin Inurritegui and Manuel Algara, three gentlemen of vast experience and undoubted integrity.

'From 1878 to 1883 the Santa Gertrudis Co. paid in dividends the sum of $921,600, and from 1883 to 1886 only $158,400. Within this latter interval a cross-cut, at a depth of 200 meters, was driven south, and another lode was dis- covered ; and this, forming a junction to the east with the old lode, made Santa Gertrudis the great mine she is to-day.

“The net profits distributed from 1886 to 1901 reached a total of $2,487,020,

A Mexican Six-in-Hand.

not including dividends to free shareholders. The company’s records from their commencement show a

“ Total production valued at . . . . . $33,637,024.14

“ With a total expenditure of 24,570,893.36

“ Thus leaving a net profit to the stockholders of . $9,066,130.78

“ We have on this property 3 main shafts and 15 levels, the 16th being now opened up at a depth of 430 meters at the bottom of the San Francisco shaft.

“ It is intended that said San Francisco shaft shall, with its new machinery be the center of operations, the other engines being dispensed with. This instal- lation has been put in at an enormous cost. I could enlarge very considerably on this data relating to Santa Gertrudis, but I know that your time is limited.

“As regards Mexico, I feel that there is a grand future before her, and we shall all watch her evolution with deep interest. As to her people, perhaps I should entrust the task of extolling them to one more capable and' more Impartial. As I have only received kindness from tlieifl, my esteem is profound. But I will say that the Mexicans, as a whole, are intelligent, loyal, sympathetic, courteous and hospitable j and the foreigner who conducts himself as a gentleman among

Exctjksions Axd Entertainments.

them, doing his duty and nothing more, is treated by them as one of themselves, and with every desirable consideration. I deprecate all charges against individ- uals and authorities from men who have suffered in Mexico through behavior entirely hostile and reprehensible. If this country, ladies and gentlemen, has not already taken her proper place among the greater nations, it is because of the internal dissensions of the past, which had retarded her progress and civilization. But he sure that the blood of her heroes has not been spilled in vain, and that, under the banner of such as the great statesman who wields her destiny to-day, General Diaz, her pre-eminence is assured. In agriculture, mining, industrial enterprises, railway construction, education and general refinement, our Mexican brethren are making rapid strides. Were this not the case, ladies and gentlemen, the Pan-American Congress would not have assembled on Mexican soil, neither would I have had the most distinguished honor of my life, that of addressing such a learned and representative assembly as the one now before me.'

On the return to Paehnca, a visit was made to the Hacienda de Guadalupe, a silver-reduction works, employing the atio process. The crushers and Chilean mills, which prepare the ore for the patio amalgamation, are driven hj electric power.

The evening of Friday was occupied with a session, at which two papers were read, as reported in the official Froceeduigs. To these papers, and especially to that of Sr. Ordonez, reference may be had for further data concerning the mining of the Pachuca district. It may be added here, that, according to the list prepared by the Local Committee, the metallurgical works- of Pachuca comprise four haciendas namely, Loreto (100), Guadalupfe (80), La Luz (70), and La Purisima (40), employing the patio ; one, Del Progreso practicing the Boss system of pan- amalgamation ; and two, La Union (90), and Bartolome de Medina (50), in which a modification of the Kroenke method is used.

On Saturday, November 16th, a small party of guests re- mained in Pachuca to visit the haciendas above named, and the new Bronson concentrating-works, erected by an American on the stream which receives the tailings from all the Pachuca re- duction-works. The whole stream is pumped through this plant, and mercury, amalgam and heavy slimes are caught in riffles and upon canvas tables. Mr. Bronson expects to recover $300 per day in this manner from the final waste of the mills.

By far the larger portion of the guests spent this day in a, memorable excursion to the mining district of Real del Monte. The usual multitude of carriages and saddle-horses provided for those who wished to ride conveyed them, by a fine road.

The figures in parenthesis give the capacity in tons of ore daily.

EXCURSIONS AND ENTERTAINMENTS. clxxxi

some 12 miles to the mining camp. After viewing the mines (for an account of which see the paper of Sr. Ordonez already cited), the party proceeded to a magnificent oak grove, which crowns the mountain. Erom the crest of the divide a magnifi- cent prospect was obtained, including the snow-clad crater or

Popocatepetl. The following account of this episode is taken from the JEngineering and Mining Journal of Jlov. 30th — a special number, devoted to the Mexican meeting, and reflecting much credit upon the editors, publishers and correspondents of that periodical :

Excuesions And Enteetainments.

this country the lower hills are barren of all forest growth, but at eleva- tions of between 8000 and 9000 feet, one enters suddenly into areas heavily tim- bered with live oaks and other evergreens. At the border of one of these groves crowning a high divide, between two valleys, the citizens of Pachuca had con- structed a temporary dining pavilion, capable of seating about 700 guests. Large out-of-door kitchens had been built of brick, and here a score or more of cooks prepared the Mexican dishes, for which the mountain air and exercise of the morning had furnished the proper appetites. The writer will not attempt either to name or describe the viands. They were truly Mexican both in name and char- acter, but it was not necessary to know what they were in order to do them justice. They were washed down (lixiviated, so to speak) with tricolored pulque and other liquids. With the champagne came the usual speech-making, which was charac- terized by brevity and good feeling. Mr. Olcott’s address, delivered, as usual, in Spanish, was full of appreciation of the hospitality and courtesies which had been showered upon the Institute. Toasts were drunk to the Mexican flag and to President Diaz, and the luncheon closed with three rousing American cheers for the hosts of Pachuca and Keal del Monte. After the luncheon, dancing in the open air was indulged in for an hour or so, and at 5 o’clock the long cavalcade started down the mountain for Pachuca. The return trip was made in about one-fourth the time required for the ascent, and the city was reached in good time, for de- parture was set for 6 o’clock. It is not reflecting the least upon the entertainment at other points to say that the day at Peal del Monte was the most enjoyable one yet experienced. At each stop new surprises awaited the excursionists ; and if it were possible to kill with kindness and hospitality, Mexico would he guilty. From all sides the welcoming hand was extended, from the highest officials to the lowest peon. At every town the streets were lined Avith rows of the poorer classes, who looked with curiosity and smiling faces at the visitors, who were, in turn, just as curious, and just as pleased.”

' To tlie foregoing account the Secretary adds, by request, the following description, furnished by one of the enthusiastic diners, of one of the delicious Mexican dishes served at the banquet.

Lamb cooked as follows : The carcass, cut into large sections, is placed in sacks made of the fiber of the maguey plant. A large pit is dug in the ground ; the bottom is covered with glowing coals, and these are overlaid in successive order with a light covering of soil, then a sack containing the meat, another light layer of soil, another of coals, and finally a high bank of earth. This method cooks the meat to a delicious tenderness.”

An admirable institution at Pachuca is the Scientific Insti- tute, a good modern school for the education of mining engi- neers, surveyors and assayers, v’-hich occupies the thoroughly renovated and reconstructed building of an old Franciscan monastery.

Saturday evening, the indefatigable Oovernor and Local Committee sped the parting guests with a final farewell at the railway-station.

Excursions And Entertainments.

Tula.

A number of the guests, leaving Pachuea early Saturday afternoon, and subsequently rejoining the special trains, went ahead by train to Tula, from which station they enjoyed a de- lightful walk to the famous Aztec ruins in its vicinity.

Loving-Cup Presented by Members of the Party to Carlos F. de Landero. (Reverse side.)

Griiadalajara,

Sunday morning, IsTovember lYth, found the travelers among the great irrigated fields and prosperous haciendas of the fertile

Excursions And Entertainments.

semi-tropical Lerma valley and plain, the granary of Mexico. At the station of Castillo, a delegation from the Society of Eii gineers of Jalisco, headed by Vice-President Don Ignacio Gue vara, boarded the train for a preliminary greeting.

Guadalajara, the second city in Mexico as to size (populatior 107,000) and capital of the rich State of Jalisco, Avas reached at 11 o’clock. After an address of welcome, delivered at the railway-station by Sr. Don Jose S. Schiaffino, a venerable mem ber of the Society of Engineers, and a suitable response President Olcott, the visitors \vere left free from public en gagements for the rest of the day, which was, in fact, a wel come day of rest, after the fatiguing though delightful activi ties of the week. The magnificent cathedral, a few blocks from the station (with its famous Murillo Madonna), as well as the streets and market-place, were inspected with interest.

Monday morning, November 18th, the day’s programme be gan with a car-ride along the Hospicio Avenue to the Cit} Orphan Asylum, This remarkable institution covers a large block, and is divided into 23 patios, or courts, embellished with orange- and palm-trees, fountains, etc. It comprises schools of various kinds, including trade- and manual training schools, in which one of the interesting occupations is the making of the characteristic Mexican “ drawn ” lacework and embroidery. The institution is managed by the State, and has about 600 inmates, representing the poor of all ages.

After visits to the cathedral, government palace, and othei features of the city, a trip was made by mule- and steam-cars to the picturesque Barranca de Oblatos, about 7 miles from the city. This is a canon 1500 ft. deep, in the bottom of wliicl: are the municipal water-works. A Mexican breakfast, served in a casino on the brink of the precipice, was followed bj national dances by the rancheros, accompanied with music from a large band. Sr. Don Ambrosio Dlloa, Secretary of the So ciety of Engineers of Jalisco, made a graceful address, to which President Olcott responded.

The following account of this locality is taken from the Iroh Age of November 28, 1901 :

'Tlie Lerma river empties into Chapara lake to the southwest of Guadahg'ara, this lake, the largest in Mexico', being about 90 miles long by about 80 miles wide. Although there are no large towns, there live on its banks about 150,OOC people. From this lake arises the Santiago river, which, after a drop of many

Excuesions And Enteetainments.

feet at the Salto Jiianacatlan, the Mexican Niagara Falls, flows to the Pacific in w'hat is practically a canon, or ‘ barranca,’ for over 100 miles. The depth of the canon varies from 1000 to 1600 feet, and in some of its parts the walls are sheer on both shores. At the point visited the banks consist of a series of terraces of surpassing beauty. Looking down into the canon, there is visible the lower por- tion of a canal and the power-house of an electrical station, which furnishes power for lighting and for textile and other mills and factories in Guadalajara.

Loving-Cup Presented by Members of the Party to Rafael de Arozarena.

The canal was built by three parties, and through subsequent events the supply has been divided into three parts, the owner of only one of them having thus far developed it partially. There is a head of 65 meters, and there is available in all ,about 10,000 horse-power. It is proposed soon to convert the present horse-car lines of Guadalajara into electric lines, and there is also a project on foo< t citilizerthe power at the Salto Juanacatlan.”

elxxxvi

Excursions And Entertainments.

On the way home, a visit was made to the School of Arts, a fine building, not yet completed, containing a foundry, machine- shop, carpenter’s shop, etc., for the instruction of boys. This- institution is under the care of the clergy.

A visit was also made to the American Sanitarium, a branch of a similar institution at Battle Creek, Mich.

The festivities of the day were eoneluded with a grand even- ing concert, given on the plaza, by the celebrated bands of the 27th battalion and the State Guard, and a ceremonious fare- well at the railway-station. Loaded with large quantities of the interesting Guadalajara pottery, purchased during their visit, the party left the hospitable city at 11 p.m.

Guanajuato,

Early in the morning of Tuesday, ISTovember 19th, the trains- reached Marfil, the railroad-station three miles from Guanajuato,, where the Reception Committee, with the usual band, received the party, and escorted them to the town. The tri] was made in mule-cars, through the narrow gulch lined with old hadendaSy. mine-dumps, etc., and the still narrower streets, running be- tween one-story adobe and stone houses, to the commodious three-story building of the Guanajuato Club, which was the headquarters of the Institute during its tvo days’ stay in this quaint, curious and interesting, as well as in many ways im- portant, mining center. Here they were welcomed by many American and English, as well as Mexican, members.

The first professional visit was made to the reduction-works of the Guanajuato Cons. Mining and Milling Co., now under enlargement, which will increase the former 20 stamps to 60. The ore is pulverized, concentrated on Whilfley tables, and then amalgamated in pans. A walk of half a mile along the mine- railroad track led to the opening of the old mine, and another half-mile through an adit-tunnel, lighted by electricity, brought the party to the present underground workings, where the ore, broken about 80 ft. below the tunnel-level, was carried to that level in sacks on the backs of men, who ascended a very steep- stone stairway. The miners were naked except for a small loin-cloth. It is reported that there is now in sight |5, 000, 000' worth of ore, to say nothing of vast quantities yet to he un- covered,

Lunch was served at the handsome building of the State-

Excursions And Entertainments.

College. As one of the reporters remarks, “ from the nature of this entertainment, it appeared that the fame of the previous

Loving-Cup Presented by Members of the Party to Rafael de Arozarena. (Reverse side. )

ones had traveled ahead of the special trains, and the citizens of Guanajuato had determined to excel, if possible, the attempts

clxxxyiii

Excursioxs Akd Entertainments.

made at other towns/'’ But the same authority adds that it is not possible to make any comparisons V’ A pleasant novelty, however, and a grateful reminiscence of home, was presented on this occasion in the circumstance that the menu was com- posed almost entirely of American dishes. After lunch, the interesting niineralogical and geological collections of the col- lege were visited, and, still later, a trip was made by mule-cars to La Presa, where the narrow gulch is divided by dams into a series of lakes, surrounded by beautiful parks, the mountain- sides and narrow bottoms being occupied by the handsome houses and gardens of the wealthy residents of Griianajuato.

In the evening, the fine new Juarez theater and other State buildings were illuminated in honor of the visitors, and a ball, attended by the Governor and many of the Mexican citizens and ladies, was given at the Club, after which the party re- turned to spend the night upon the special trains at Marfil.

On Wednesday, November 20th, a memorable saddle-trip was made by the gentlemen of the party. Horses were fur- nished through the courtesy of the Governor, who ordered a troop of cavalry to report at the Cantador Park, dismount, and turn over their horses to the visitors. The ladies and others of the party meanwhile visited the old catacombs, the American hospital, and other points of interest.

The ectuestrian party visited the Esperanza reservoir (which has a stone dam 33 meters in height, and one of the finest in the world), and the Valenciana, Cata, Mellado and Rayas mines on the Veta Madre, (See descriptions below, and also the paper by Prof. W. P. Blake, separately published, entitled Notes on the Mines and Minerals of Guanajuato, Mexico.’')

Both companies of excursionists met at the State College for lunch, and subsequently visited the historical Granaditas build- ing and the Elores reduction-works, where 40 arrastres were in operation.

From the souvenir-programme distributed by the Local Com- mittee the following account is taken :

' ‘This district lias always Lad the reputation of being' second to none of the mining centers of this Kepuhlic for its producing capacity of the precious metals. The City of Guanajuato has a population of 41,243 inhabitants, the greater num- ber of which are exclusively dedicated to mining. It is situated in one of the gulches on the western slope of the Guanajuato Sierra. The first buildings date horn the year 1554.

Excursions And Entertainments.

“The surrounding mining territory covers an area of 784 sq. kilom. between two parallel lines 28 kilom. in length, which run NW. to SE., the course of the Mother lode. This lode is crossed in every direction by numerous mineralized ledges, the junction of which with the Mother lode increases its great width, thereby forming one of the largest and richest deposits in the Eepublic. Of this extensive mining ground but a small proportion has yet been explored.

“ The ledges that traverse this region may be considered as the constituents of three, or rather four, different systems.

“1. The Veta J/adre system forms the center of a group of which the remark- able lode that bears this name is the widest, and has been the most productive. It runs NW. and SE., dipping 45° SW- Several other veins run parallel to it,, while others are known to come in contact with it from a distance of over 1500 m. in different directions, forming thereby this extensive system.

“ 2, The La Luz system, considered as second to that of tlie Veta Madre, is sit- uated 4 kilom. SW. of the main system. It is formed by two different groups of veins that cross one another. One group runs NW.-SK, parallel to the Vta Madre; some of its veins dipping SE. and others NW., and converging towards the surface. The other group is formed of veins that slightly differ from the N.-S. direction, some dipping W. and others E. The crossings of the NW.~SE. with the N.-S. veins have coincided with the large bonanzas of this region.

“The first mine worked in the Guanajuato district was the San JBernabe, discov- ered in 1548 by pack-mule drivers traveling from Mexico City to Zacatecas. It is situated 13.5 kilom. NW. of this city, on the vein now called the La Luz, be- longing to the N.-S. group, and dipping W. As an abundant producer of rich gold-ore this vein has always been remarkable.

“ 3. The Monte de San Nicholas system, comprising several veins, lies 4.5 kilom. SE. of the Mother lode, and parallel to it in course and dip. The veins of this- system are noted for their abundant production of high-grade gold-ores.

“4. The /Sferm system includes the Santa Itosa, Fraguasnid Villalpando veins, which slightly converge to the K. , with a course similar to that of the Mother lode. Several dip SW., and others in a contrary direction ; both converging to- wards the surface.

“ The argentiferous minerals contained in the veins of this district are simple sulphides, sulpho-selenides, antimonial sulphurets and native silver. These occur plentifully in all the rich deposits found up to date. Chlorides and bromides oc- cur very seldom. There is more or less gold in all the ores, and it is notable that all the veins to the SE., in the rhyolitic porphyry, carry high-grade gold-ores, containing generally free gold, but in exceptional cases selenides and tellurides, or gold contained in the iron pyrites.

“The deepest workings in the district are the Valeneiana shaft on the Mother lode and the Asuncion shaft in the La Luz region. The former is sunk to a depth of 530 m., and the lowest workings of the mine are 1668 m. above sea-level. The latter is 419 m. deep, and at the lowest point attained 1870 m. above sea-level. In the Sierra region the depth of 2000 m. above sea-level has not yet been reached.

“For want of the necessary data., the production of gold and silver from the Guanajuato mines prior to 1701 cannot be stated with accuracy. Humboldt, in his Political Pssay, attributes to them a very heavy production. According to. coinage-statistics, the yield in the years mentioned below w’as as follows :

From 1701 to 1800, $279,690,689

“ 1800 “ 1829, 85,775,642

“ 1830 “ 1887, 277,608,876

$643,076,207

Excursioxs And Entertainments.

“ The imperfect system of redaction employed until 1866 warrants the opinion that these represent only about 60 per cent, of the contents of the ore mined.”

Eeturniiig at 4 p.m. to Marfil, the party left soon after.

Aijunscaiientes.

Earlv ill the morning of Thursday, November 21st, the special trains arrived at Aguascalientes. Here the excursion- ists were welcomed by the Local Committee and conveyed to the State Palace, where they were received by Governor Sa- greda, after which a visit was made to the smelting-plant of the American Smelting and Refining Co., the following notice of which is taken from the Engineering and Mining Journal of Hovemher 30th :

Mguascalientes is a central point to which the smelting-ores from Parral, Chihuahua, Ameca, Pachuca and other mining districts in the Kepublic are sent for reduction. The works at present are undergoing extensive alterations under the supervision of Mr. Cyrus W. Robinson, chief engineer for the com- pany. These alterations, which will cost about 1650,000 in gold, will be finished about next June. In the meantime, no interruption to the operations of the plant has been caused. From 1100 to 1200 tons of copper and silver-lead ores and concentrates are being smelted daily. The product, which, of course, varies in quantity according to the contents of the ores treated, consists of blister- copper and base bullion (silver-lead), which are shipped to Perth Amboy, N. J., for refining. When the alterations are completed, the capacity of the plant will not only be largely increased, but many economies of operation will be effected, and a great saving made in the condensing of the furnace gases, which at present carry off a considerable value. The plant will then he a strictly up-to-date estab- lishment, with electrical equipment throughout, and equal to anything of the kind in the United States. Even now it stands out in striking contrast to the mining methods employed in Mexico generally, where nearly all of the labor is performed by peons, and where mechanical installation is at a minimum.”

Lunch was served in the mess-hall of the company’s officials, and, returning to the city, many of the travelers availed them- selves of the famous warm baths, supplied by the springs to which the town owes its name. A grand band-concert in the afternoon in the San Marcas garden, and another in the even- ing in the Plaza de la Constitucion, completed the day’s expe- rience, and at midnight the special trains proceeded on their way.

San Luis Poiosi.

Friday morning, Hovemher 22d, the party was welcomed at San Luis Potosi by the Local Committee, with a military band.

excursiojS's and entertainments.

The remainder of the day is well described in the following paragraphs, from the Engineering News of December 5, 1901 :

‘‘The Local Committee escorted us to street-cars, which took us to the Gov- ernment Palace, where we shook hands with Senor Ingeniero Don Bias Escon- tria, Governor of the State of San Luis Potosi, and a distinguished engineer. He made us a speech in Spanish, which Mr. Olcott translated for our benefit, and then replied to it in Spanish. We were then taken hack to the station, and thence by train to the smelting-works of the Compania Metallurgica Mexicana. This is a splendid works, thoroughly modern, turning out silver-lead bullion and copper matte, which are shipped to the United States for refining. It is owned by Ameri- cans, and is in charge of an American engineer, Mr. k. S. Dwight, who acted as chairman of the Local Committee. Besides the sampling works, the smelting and roasting furnaces and the machinery, there is in the works a plant for making tannin extract out of the bark of the wood which is used for fuel. The bark is ground and then leached in large vats, and the weak solution thus obtained is concentrated by boiling in a vacuum pan. The extract is exported for use in tanneries.

‘The social features of our visit to the metallurgical works surpassed anything of the kind that we have yet experienced. Mr. Dwight has a commodious resi- dence close by the works, with a large porch on the second story, looking out on a magnificent view with high mountains in the far distance, and in front of the house was a large and beautiful garden, in which were set tables shaded with awnings and decorated with flowers. All of this was at our disposal for a resting- place during our visit, and at 1 o’clock an excellent lunch in the American style was served by an efficient corps of waiters.

“At 2.30 p.M. the train carried us back to the town, and the party broke up into groups to visit dififerent places of interest. Several of us visited the furni- ture-factory of Jorge Unna & Co., and the tobacco-factory of Senor D. Antonio Delgado Kenteria. The furniture-factory is a remarkable place. Mr. Unna is a German, who began the business with six workmen only twelve years ago, but the works now occupies a whole square and employs 200 people. Furniture of the highest quality only is made, and it is all hand-made and hand-carved. The works includes an iron foundry and machine shop, a cabinet shop, including saw- ing and planing machines, a glass-grinding, polishing and silvering shop, weav- ing machines for weaving braids, a designing and drafting room, and storehouses where are kept in the most perfect order the thousands of things that are neces- sary to the production of the great variety of artistic furniture turned out by the establishment The designs are made after a study of albums of engravings and photographs of the best European furniture, both old and new. There is nothing in the works to remind one of an American factory, where quantity and speed of production are the great essentials ; it is all essentially German and Mexican.

“The tobacco -factory makes cigars by hand, and cigarettes both by hand and by machinery. A few American cigarette-machines are in use, but the style of cigarette preferred by the Mexicans is made by hand, -and machinery has not been adapted for making it. In one room we saw over 400 girls, sitting in rows, each with a large wooden bowl containing the tobacco. The task of each was the roll- ing of 3200 cigarettes, which was accomplished in 7 or 8 hours, the wages paid being 60 or 70 cents, Mexican, per day. The clean and respectable appearance of these Mexican girls was most noticeable.

Ixcursioxs And Entertainments.

“In the evening there was a serenade by the bands of the 15th Infantry and of the Military Industrial School. It was held in the Plaza des Armas, a small park in front of the Palace. Seats were provided for our party, and the whole population of the city seemed to be present, walking around the park in two double rows, one of men, the other of women, or standing in crowds throughout the park and in the surrounding streets. It was especially noticed that the ma- jority of the people wore American dress in all its varieties, only a minority wearing the Mexican sombrero and zerape. Shoes were also worn by nearly all, bare feet and sandals both being much more rare than we have seen in other places.

“ At 10 o’clock a grand ball was given in the clubhouse of the Sociedad Poto- sina. The ball-room is one of the finest rooms we have seen in our travels. It is said to be a copy of the ball-room in the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg. The decorations and the general color-effect are exquisite. During the ball a supper was served in the French style, in 13 courses, with French wines. After the ball, the special street-cars returned us to the train ; and we left for Tampico at 2 A.M.”

Tampico.

Early in the morning of Saturday, November 28d, having passed through the San Ysidro valley in the night, the tourists found themselves at Cardenas, on the way to the port of Tam- pico. The following description is substantially taken from the Iron Age of December 5, 1901 :

‘ ' Soon after, the train entered the great canon of the Tarasopo, fringing its one wall in a series of curves and tunnels— a splendid piece of engineering. The steep slopes of the canon are heavily wooded, the bare cliffs rising on every side. At the mouth of the canon lie the tropical lowlands. A stop was made to view the charming upper pool of the El Abra falls ; and towards evening a visit was made to the fantastic Chov cave. The train reached La Bam, beyond Tampico, in time to permit a stroll along the beach of the Gulf in the moon- light. Extensive jetties have been extended into the sea at the bar, about 6 miles from Tampico, permitting the entrance of ships drawing from 18 to 21 ft. of water.

‘ Having thus descended in one day from the plateau of Mexico to the tropics, many of the party were up at sunrise on Sunday for a plunge into the breakers, in spite of warnings of the risk of encountering sharks. Later in the day the* journey was resumed.

“After the somewhat exciting descent of Saturday, a new experience awaited the party on the Monterrey and Mexican Gulf railway, which extends from Tampico to Monterrey, and beyond. This enterprise has had a checkered career, having been at one time in the control of Belgian capitalists. A few days before the Institute parly reached Tampico, the road was transferred to the interests, controlling the Mexican Central R. R. In running over a long-neglected road- bed, the heavy Pullman cars swayed ominously, and it was many hours after schedule-time that the trains steamed into the station of Monterrey, where two* military bands had long awaited their arrival.”

Excursions And Entertainments.

clxxxxiii

Monterrey.

This large town, the industrial center of northern Mexico, was reached on Monday, IsTovember 25th. The following de- scription of the excursions and entertainments of that day and the day following, like the passage preceding, is substan- tially copied from the article in the Iron Age of December 5,

‘ In the afternoon the party visited the Monterrey plant of the American Smelting and Eefining Company, known as Smelter No. 3, which confines its operations to the production of argentiferous base bullion, and the works of the Monterrey Smelting and Refining Company known as Smelter No. 2. The latter, which is controlled entirely by Mexican capital, is equipped not alone for lead smelting, but also for the desilverization of base bullion by a modification of the Parkes zinc process, and for the parting of dore bars by the Moebius process. To the majority of the engineers, however, the most interesting and almost startling development of Monterrey was the large steel plant which is now under construc- tion there. The Oici, Fundidora de Fierro y Acero de Monterrey S. A., is a concern organized by Mexican and French capital, the principal interest being held by the estate of Patricio Milmo. It has a capital of $15,000,000 (Mexican), of which about 35 per cent has been called in. The layout is exceedingly fine, the consulting engineer being William White, Jr., of Pittsburg.

“ In the evening the party attended a ball tendered by the Local Committee at the Juarez theater.

Tuesday morning, November 26th, a special train carried the party for a visit to the JDiente gorge, about 15 miles from the city. The mines are located high in the mountains, the tunnels opening at almost inaccessible points on the cliffs. The narrow valley which the railroad reaches is really only the shipping-station for two of the mines, the Dimte and the Zaragoza mines. In the case of both there are very interesting installations of wire-rope tramways. The owners of the Bierde mine, the Mexican Ore Company (an American enterprise), are build- ing an incline. This concern owns also the San Fedro and San Pahh mines in the district, and employs about 3000 men. The ore is lead-carbonate and galena, carrying about 20 per cent, of lead, but only 3 to 12 ounces of silver, per ton.

‘ ‘ At noon the party assembled at luncheon in the handsomely decorated pavil- ion of the Zaragoza mine. After a welcome from the Governor of the State of Nuevo Leon, the party gave three rousing cheers for Carlos de Landero, of Mex- ico, a representative of the Institute, who was chiefly instrumental in perfecting the arrangements for the Mexican meeting.’

A session was held in the evening, at which several papers were presented (see Proceedings); after which three military hands gave a concert in the Plaza Zaragosa, followed by a ball at the heautifnl Monterrey Casino.

Las Esjperanzas.

During the night, the trains proceeded to this place, which was reached iSTovepaber 28th, via Baroteran. The mines and

Excursions And Entertainments.

plant of the Mexican Coal and Coke Company, a description of which will he found in the paper of Mr. Edwin Ludlow, read at the Monterrey session, was here inspected.

Homeward Bound.

The journey hack to Chicago, via isTew Orleans, presented no features of special professional interest, except the brief stay of Train hTo. 2 at Beaumont, Texas, for a hasty glance at the famous new oil-field, and the extraordinary run from New Orleans to Chicago, already mentioned on a former page of this account.

The arrival of the excursion-trains at Chicago on Saturday, November 30th, practically concluded a successful and inter- esting journey, memorable in the annals of the Institute.

Acknowledgments and Presentations.

Under this head, the following particulars were deemed worthy of record :

1. In recognition of the cordial interest exhibited by G-en. Porfirio Diaz, President of the Eepublic of Mexico, in the meeting of the Institute, and the effective aid contributed by the various executive departments of the government under his direction, towards the professional profit, as well as the social enjoyment thereof, a complete set of the thirty volumes of the Transactions handsomely bound, was presented to him, by authority of the Council, in the name of the Institute, and acknowledged by him in a personal letter to President Olcott, dated Mexico, Jan. 11, 1902, of which the following is a trans- lation :

Mexico, Jan. 11, 1902.

‘Esteemed Sir :

‘Referring to your communication of the 30th of December last, I hasten to express my hearty thanks for the courteous gift of the valuable Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, in thirty volumes. I have placed these important books in the National Library of Engineers, as their most appropriate repository.

Your most obedient servant,

“Porfirio Diaz.”

2. Silver vases have been presented, in the name of the In- stitute excursion party, to Senors Carlos E. de Landero and Rafael M. de Arozarena, in recognition of their pre-eminent

Excuksions And Entertainments.

labors in the promotion of the Mexican meeting, and in the reception of the visiting members of the Institute. These vases, shown in the accompanying illustrations, were forwarded through the U, S, Department of State, and courteously allowed by the Mexican government to pass the international boundary free of all customs dues.

Pachitca, May 14, 1902.

“Db. Rossiteb W. Kaymond, Secretary, American Institute of Mining Engi- neers, New York City.

‘ My Dear Sir :

‘ ‘ I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your esteemed communication of last April and of the magnificent silver loving-cup, forwarded by your office, through the United States Embassy in the City of Mexico, and presented to me in the name of the members and guests of the Institute who attended the recent Mexican meeting.

I beg you be so kind as to interpret my feelings, in your own high and dig- nified style, assuring all and every one of the friends who have honored me with, this symbol of their esteem, how highly I do appreciate their friendly token, and how heartily do I thank them. May this handsome gift, whereon your ablest artificers have so perfectly engraved the sacred emblems of our two countries, be for the givers and the receiver a symbol of hope that peace and friendship be abiding and everlasting between their and his country !

‘‘Trusting to have the honor and pleasure to meet you personally in the near future, possibly in the next coming meeting of our Institute, I remain,

“ My dear Sir,

‘ ‘ Yours very sincerely and respectfully,

“C. F. DE Landero,

“Vice-Pres. A. 1. M. E.”

“May 14, 1902.

“Mb. E. W. Eaykond, Secretary American Institute of Mining Engineers, New York City.

Dear Sir:

“ Your kind favor dated April received, as well as the beautiful loving-cup you had been instructed to send me by the members and guests of the party who attended our Mexican Meeting.

“ I know not with what words I can express to you my feelings at this moment ; to say I feel honored and delighted at this proof of friendship, that I will always cherish it for what it signifies, that all the good people who sent it have and ever will have a warm place in my heart, that I truly learned to love and esteem them while we were together, — to say all this and more, would still be saying nothing near to what I feel.

“ Dear Mr. Eaymond, will you finish your kind mission with a favor for me. Tell them, my friends, one and all, that all they feel, I feel and more ; that I was glad the day I met them and sad the day we parted.

“Sincerely yours,

“R. M. DE Arozabena.*

These gentlemen met the Institute party at the border of Mexico, and re- mained with it, as perpetual guides and counseEors, throughout its entire sojourn within the boundaries of the Eepnblic.

Exouesions And Entertainments.

3. During the evening of Nov. 29th5 on the run from New Orleans to Chicago, similar pleasant and almost simultaneous incidents occurred on each of the two trains.

Upon No. 1, the members of the party quietly gathered in the Observation end of the car Pacific,’ and sent a delegation to Mr. Dwight, who was in his state-room ; upon whose appear- ance, two handsome pieces of Creole silver were presented to him in a graceful and humorous speech by Prof. George E. Ladd, as an expression of appreciation of his efiorts in looking after the safety and comfort of the party.

Upon No. 2, at the dinner-hour, when all were gathered in the dining-car, Mr. W. E. C. Eustis made a presentation, on behalf of the passengers in this train, of two handsome pieces of Creole silver to Mr. Edward W. Parker, who, as previously remarked, had discharged the laborious work of caring for the safety and comfort of that party.

In both cases the recipients were completely taken by sur- prise, and could not attempt to reply, or even to express their appreciation, otherwise than by their obvious embarrassment and equally obvious pleasure.

4. About five hundred handsomely engraved official acknowl- edgments have been transmitted to the various officials, com- panies and citizens of Mexico, whose hearty co-operation so greatly contributed to the success of the meeting and of tlio excursions connected therewith.

Papers.

Vol. Xxxii. — 1

A Synopsis of the Mining Laws of Mexico.

By Richabd E. Chism, M.E., Ph.D.. Mexico City.

(Presented at the Mexican Meeting, November, 1901, and Copyrighted by the Institute.)

Contents.

Page

Introduction, 4

I. Mineral Substances, 7

II. The Exploitation of Mineral Substances, 8

III. Mining Property and Mining Claims, 9

IV. Prospecting for Minerals, 11

V. The Ministries of Fomento and Hacienda, 14

VI. Mining Agents, 15

VII. Mining Surveys and Mining Surveyors, 20

VIII. Acquirement of a Mining Concession, 24

IX. Amplification, Reduction and Remeasurement of Concessions : With- drawal of Applications, 31

X. Proceedings in Opposition : Mining Litigation : Penal Jurisdiction, . 35

XI. Metallurgical Works, 38

XII. Expropriations for Mining Purposes, 40

XIII. Easements and Tunnel-Eights, 41

XIV. Mining Contracts and Companies, 46

XV. Foreigners and Foreign Companies, 47

XVI. Registry of Mining Transactions, 48

XVII. Taxes on Mines, 51

Note. — T he following abbreviations are used in reference to the laws, etc., cited in this Synopsis :

C. Fom., Circular of the Ministry of Fomento (Mining).

C. Hda., Circular of the Treasury Department.

C. A DM. DEL Timbre, Circular of the General Administration of the Stamp Tax.

L. MIN , Mining Law of June 4, 1892.

L. IMP., Mining Tax Law of June 6, 1892.

R. L. MIN. , Regulations of the Mining Law, June 25, 1892.

R. L. IMP., Regulations of the Mining Tax Law, June 30, 1892.

L. MET. PREC., Law as to Taxes and Duties on Precious Metals of March 27,

R. L. MET. PREC., Regulations of said Law of March 27, 1897.

Tar., Tariff of said Law.

A Synopsis Op The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

Inthoduction.

In 1885 I presented at the Chattanooga meeting of the In- stitute a Digest of the Mining Code of Mexico in force at that time.* Since that time the law has been radically altered, and I have thought that it would be of interest to the Institute to have in its Transactions a synopsis of it as it now stands.

In order to reduce the volume of this synopsis, which is at best very extended, I am compelled to omit many details, for which I must refer the reader to my Encyclopedia of the Mining Law of Mexico ; but all the fundamental part of the law has been carefully retained.

The pursuit of mining in Mexico under the Spanish do- minion was governed by disconnected decrees and ordinances until the year 1584, when were formed what are called the Ordenanzas del Nuevo Ouaderno under the Grovernment of Philip n.

These laws governed until January 15, 1784, when the famous Ordinances of Mining,’’ which had been enacted by the King of Spain in May of 1783, came into force in Kew Spain.

After the accomplishment of the independence of Mexico, the Spanish Ordinances remained in force, with very few changes.

In 1857 a new Constitution was adopted in Mexico, which did not delegate the power of mining legislation to the G-eueral Q-overnment, and hence left the several States free to enact their own laws.

However, nearly all of the States continued to use the Spanish mining legislation. Only twm States, Durango and Hidalgo, adopted mining codes of their own.

The changes of governmental methods, and of mining and metallurgical systems, made the old legislation so difficult in its applications to the modern form of mining industry that it was resolved to adopt another organization, which should be general in its character and uniform for the whole Kepublic.

In 1883 a Constitutional amendment was adopted conferring upon the General Government of Mexico the power to legislate upon mining matters, and in November, 1884, a new Mining

, xiv., 34.

A Synopsis Op The Mining Laws Op Mexico.

Code, with accessory legislation, was adopted, and put in force from January 1, 1885. By this new Code the Spanish Ordi- nances of 1783, the succeeding colonial legislation, and subse- quent Federal and State laws upon mining, were utterly abol- ished, even those parts which were not contrary to the provi- sions of the new Code. (Code, Art. 218.)

This new code was the one of which I made the Digest which appears in our Transactions as quoted above. Its prin- ciples were, in many respects, a great improvement upon the vague legislation of the old Ordenanzas and were especially beneficial because they did away with the conflicting legislation of the several States.

However, when the monetary crisis arising from the fall of silver began to be severely felt in this Kepublic, the necessity of still more liberal mining laws became apparent, and resulted in the promulgation, June 6, 1892, of the present law, with its accompanying and subsidiary laws and regulations.

The old Spanish laws and the Mining Code of 1884 were based upon a working tenure of mining property, under con- ditions hard to fulfill and fruitful of litigation.

The law of 1892, based on principles entirely modern and liberal, gives the miner the property of his mines in an irrevo- cable, perpetual and secure form through the payment of a yearly tax, with full liberty as to methods of work and amount of work to be done. This law is one of the most illustrious monuments to the executive ability of General Diaz and his cabinet that could possibly be desired. Its results were immediate and con- spicuous. Immense mining and smelting establishments have sprung up, the cost of the production of silver has been greatly reduced, and the gold-product of the Republic has increased very largely. Foreign capital has been liberally invested, and is still flowing in an increasing stream into the Republic, which, in a few years, will undoubtedly be the largest producing mining country in the world. The wise and liberal law of 1892 saved Mexico from national bankruptcy, and started it upon a career of prosperity which is entirely without precedent, except, perhaps, in the development of the South African gold- fields.

The following table, taken from a government publication, is a convincing demonstration of the influence of wise legisla-

A Synopsis Of The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

tioii upon the progress and growth of the mining industry. It refers to the silver-product of Mexico only; but the figures for gold would show an even more flattering increase :

Quinquennial of Fiscal Years.

Silver.

Exportation of Ores, Bullion, Mexican Coin.

Annual

Average.

Annual Aver- age Increase.

Legislation of the States

From 1880-81 to 1884-85

1126,771,390

167,993,780

25,354,278

33,598,756

Unification of the Legislation in the Eepublic. Mining Code of

From 1885-86 to 1889-90

1 8,244,478

Law of 1892 — In force

From 1893-94 to 1897-98

267,417,591

53,483,518

19,884,762

The fundamental part of the Mining Law of Mexico is con- tained in a little pamphlet of one hundred and nine pages, which can be obtained at the Fomento Department free of charge.

The contents of this pamphlet comprise the Mining Law of June 4, 1892, with its Regulations, and the Mining Tax Law of June 6, 1892 (also with its Regulations), and a few Circulars and subsidiary Laws.

These Laws are, in effect, the fundamental portion of the Mexican Mining Code at present in force ; but the whole body of legislation wLich affects the rights of mii;ers, and especially foreign miners, in this country is very much greater.

We have :

The Mining Law of June 4, 1892.

The Regulations thereto.

Thirty-four Explanatory Circulars, with Rulings of the Fo- mento Department.

Law of October 31, 1892.

Decree of December 31, 1892.

Law of June 4, 1894.

Law of December 13, 1897.

Law of June 3, 1898.

The Mining Tax Law of June 6, 1892.

The Regulations thereto.

Thirty-nine Circulars, with Rulings of the Treasury and Revenue Stamp Department.

A Synopsis Op The Mining Laws Op Mexico.

. Law of Taxes and Duties upon Precious Metals of Mareli 27, 1897.

Regulations of said Law.

Tariff ‘ of said Law.

Besides which, many references are made to :

The Civil Code of the Federal District of Mexico.

The Code of Civil Proceedings of the same.

The Code of Commerce of the Mexican Republic.

The Foreign Law of 1856.

The Foreign Law of 1886, and

The Federal Constitution of Mexico.

In the present synopsis, the more important of the above laws have been carefully digested, and their provisions have been arranged in as orderly a manner as possible under the seven- teen different heads, or sections, into which I have divided the subject as shown in the table of contents prefixed to this paper.

L Mineral Substances.

The Mining Law of Mexico divides all mineral substances into two classes.

The first class contains such substances as may not be worked without a previous concession ; and the second class, such sub- stances as belong to the owner of the soil and may be worked without a concession.

1. The substances for the exploitation of which it is indis- pensable, in every case, to obtain a proper mining concession are the following :

A, Gold, platinum, silver, mercury, iron (except bog-ore, alluvial ore and ochres mined for coloring material), lead, cop- per, tin (except placer tin), zinc, antimony, nickel, cobalt, man- ganese, bismuth and arsenic, whether all these substances are found in the native state or mineralized.

JS. Precious stones, rock salt and sulphur. (L. min., Art. 3.)

2. The substances which the owner of the soil where they are found in place may exploit freely, and without the necessity of a special concession in any case, are the following :

A. Mineral oils and mineral waters ; the country-rock, which is to be used either for itself directly or as raw material for ornamentation and construction; the materials of the soil, as earth, sand and clays of all kinds.

A Synopsis Of The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

B. In general, all other substances not before excepted, (L. min., Art. 4.)

II. The Exploitation of Mineral Substances.

The exploitation of mineral substances, whether those that are subject to concession or those that belong to the owner of the soil where they may be found, is subject to all the regula- tions that may be established for police and security.* After said regulations have been complied with, the miners shall enjoy the most complete liberty of industrial action, — liberty to work in the manner which may suit them best, — with activity, more slowly, or suspending their labors for a greater or less time. They may employ in their workings any number of workmen they may choose and at the point which they may believe to be most appropriate, and they may follow the systems which they may find most convenient for their private interest for removal, extraction, drainage and ventilation.

JSrotwfithstanding, the mine-owners stand responsible for any accidents that may occur in the mines through bad working, and must pay the damages and losses that may be occasioned to other proprietors by lack of drainage or by any other cir- cumstance that may injure the interests of other parties. (L. min.. Art. 23.)

The exploitation of mine-products shall be strictly confined within the respective boundaries; and these boundaries can only be passed when the ground is free, and a previous con- cession of amplification has been obtained.

In order to enter any other person’s claims it is absolutely necessary to have the consent of the owner, except in the case of a legally established servitude. (L. min.. Art. 8.)

E'o exploitation of the substances which are subject to con- cessions shall be permitted in mines or placers, whether by open cut or subterranean workings, unless protected by a duly registered legal title. (R. L. min.. Art. 43.)

Whenever it becomes necessary to open any drainage-tunnel in a given locality, the .execution thereof shall be carried into effect according to a private contract between the interested parties. See Sect. XIII., of this Synopsis.

No such regulations have as yet been established (October, 1901).

A Synopsis Op The Mininh Laws Of Mexico.

III. Mininc Property and Mining Claims.

Mining property legally acquired is irrevocable and per- petual as long as the Federal tax upon property is paid. (L. min., Art. 5.)

. The primordial title-deed of all mining property acquired according to the laws now in force is that which is made out by the Ministry of Fomento by virtue of the powers conferred by said laws. (L. min., Art. 6.)

Mining property, except in ease of placers or superficial de- posits, is understood to include only the underground mineral right, and not the surface.

The owner of the mine must come to an agreement with the surface-owners for such part of the surface as he may need to acquire for mining purposes, as below.

The surface continues under the ownership of its proprietor, except in such part thereof as the miner needs to occupy in certain cases and conditions. (L. min.. Art. 7.)

The water which is raised to the surface by virtue of the subterranean workings of mines belongs to the owner of the latter. The provisions of the common laws must be observed as far as relates to the rights of the owners of the lands over which said waters take their course. (L. min., Art. 9.)

Whenever the owner of any mine shall transfer the same, he must give notice thereof, in writing, to the Principal Local Administration of the Revenue Stamp Tax, through the cor- responding subordinate office or agency. '

Said Principal Administration shall give account thereof to the Secretary of the Treasury, to be duly noted in the register. (L. imp., Art. 8, and R. L. imp.. Art. 27.)

The same notice must be given in the case that any person or company does not desire to continue in possession of any mine or mines which may have been acquired. (L. imp.. Art. 8, and R. L. imp.. Art. 27.) '

The default of payment of the Federal tax constitutes at present the only cause of the loss of mining property, without any recourse.

In this case the mining property remains free from all en- cumbrance, and may be conceded to the first applicant. (L. min., Art. 29, and L. imp., Art. 6.)

A Synopsis Of The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

Mining property is classed as real estate,'*' but mining stock is personal property.

The unit of a concession, wbieli is a mining claim [perte- neneia) is a solid of indefinite profundity. It is limited on the exterior by that part of the surface of the ground which serves as the projection of a horizontal square of one hundred meters on each side, and on the interior by the corresponding four ver- tical planes.

The perteiwida is indivisible in all contracts made as to mining concessions, and which affect the ownership of the same. (L. min., Art. 14.)

A fractional part of a claim cannot be the subject of a mining concession, unless it is found between other claims already con- ceded. (L. min., Art. 15.)

Those mines which may have been at work, or legally pro- tected from the necessity of being worked, at the time when the Mining Law of June 4, 1892, commenced to be in force, shall preserve their claims with such measurements as they may have, if the owners so desire it, even though said measure- ments should be different from the new measurements now established. (L, min., Art. 4, transitory.)

Mining concessions may include, whenever there is sufficient free ground, whatever number of claims may be applied for, without regard to the number of applicants — whether one only or several — whether they constitute a company or not ; and as many claims may be acquired as may be desired. (L. min., Art. 15, and C. Fom., July 1, 1892.)

The marking ofl' and measurement of the claims on the ground does not imply any right to the occupation of the lat- ter, and only serves to show the boundaries of the mining con- cession.

The applicant should thoroughly understand that he must agree with the owner of the land for the acquisition, whenever he may so wish, of such a part of the surface as he may need to occupy for the dependencies of his mining works, or of the whole of the surface marked off into claims (in the case of placers or superficial deposits).

If this acquisition cannot be made by mutual agreement By inference and precedent only j the law does not say so expressly.

A SYNOPSIS OP THE MININGr LAWS OP MEXICO.

with the owner, it may be effected by expropriation, through the appropriate judicial decision. (R, L. min., Art. 40. See JExjpropriation Sect. XII. of this Synopsis.)

Applications for mining concessions in which interrupted (separated) claims are asked for are admitted whenever said claims are all in the same municipality and on the same min- eral deposit; but in case the claims are in different munici- palities or on different mineral deposits, separate applications must be presented with reference to each claim or group of claims in each separate mineral deposit or municipality. (C. Fom., October 31, 1899.)

IV. Peospectinu por Minerals.

Any inhabitant of the Republic may undertake exploration work on public lands by giving notice thereof, in duplicate, to the local Mining Agent, in which notice the boundaries of the zone of exploration shall be accurately described.

The Agent shall return one duplicate notice to the explorer, after endorsing thereon the day and the hour of the presenta- tion thereof, and shall notify the explorer that in case of making excavations there they shall not exceed ten meters of extension, either in length or in width. (L. min., Art. 13, and R. L. min.. Art. 10.)

In those localities of the Republic which are not compre- hended mthin the district assigned to any Mining Agent, the notices and vouchers for prospecting permits shall be presented to the local postmaster, who, in this case only, may receive said documents, and shall note on them the day and hour of pre- sentation ; and, besides, he shall give immediate notice to the Ministry of Pomento by mail, and by telegraph, if there is one. (R. L. min.. Arts. 48 and 49.)

IJpon lands belonging to private owners, prospecting can only be done by the permission of the owner or of his representa- tive.'*' These persons, if they consent, must give to the pros- pector a proper voucher, with an indication of the boundaries of the lands where the prospecting is to be done. This voucher is to be presented to the Mining Agent, so that he may take

Prospecting on private lands can only be done by permission of the owner j but soliciting a mining concession (denouncing a mine) on such lands does not seem to need any permission.

A SYlOPSIS OF THE MININH LAWS OF MEXICO.

note thereof and return it to the prospector, after having noted thereon the day and hour of the presentation. (L. min., Art. 13, and E. L. min., Art. 11.)

If the necessary permission cannot be obtained from the owner or his representative, the prospector may apply for it to the local Mining Agent, oflering a bond for the damages and losses that may be caused.

The application shall be on view for the owner of the land for the term of fifteen days, and he shall be notified that unless he puts in an objection he will be held to be a consenting party thereto.

When the above term has expired the Mining Agent shall give the proper decision, and, if necessary in any case, shall fix the amount of the bond after a careful estimate of the damages which truly and positively may be caused to the owner of the land, so that the bond may not be excessive.

When the bond has been drawn up the Mining Agent shall give to the prospector a proper voucher, with a description of the boundaries of the zone of exploration. (L. min.. Art. 18; E. L. min., Art. 12; and C. Fom. of July 1, 1892.)

During the peremptory term of three months, counted from the date of the notice, of the permit, or of the administrative decision just referred to, the Mining Agent shall admit for the prospecting zone, and within the limits thereof, only such appli- cations for a concession as may be presented By the prospector himself. (L. min., Art. 13, and R. L. min., Art. 13.)

In those cases where the Mining Agent may receive an expert report, under the responsibility of its author, in which the existence of subterranean gold-placers is indicated, the term ot exploration may be lengthened up to one year. The rest of the proceedings shall be the same as for other prospecting permits, except that the shafts to be opened for prospecting may be as deep as may be necessary. (Law of November 13, 1899, Art. 1.)

The lengthening of the term of exploration for subterranean gold-placers is not to prevent the admission of applications for mining concessions, according to the laws in force, within the limits of the zone of exploration, to exploit deposits of any other minerals. (Law of November 13, 1899, Art. 2.)

The Mining Agent will be careful to publish, on his Bulletin

A Synopsis Op The Mining Laws Op Mexico.

Board, a copy of the prospecting permit, notice or administra- tive decision, and must indicate, at the end of the respective copy, the exact dates on which the exploration should com- mence and terminate. (Law of December 14, 1897, Art. 2.)

When the peremptory term above noted has expired, no new prospecting permits shall be admitted to registry for the land explored, nor shall any prospecting notice be admitted with respect to the same ground, until after the expiration of six months, during which time the ground in question shall re- main entirely free for applications for mining claims situated therein.

Within mining camps, where there are properties in posses- sion, prospecting shall only be done on ground which is at least 200 meters from the boundaries of the claims or in abandoned mines.

In every ease the prospector must clearly and precisely desig- nate the situation and boundaries of his ground. (Law of December 14, 1897, Art 1.)

Inside of private edifices and their dependencies, prospecting can only be done by permission of the owner.

Prospecting is not permitted near the nucleus of any town, or at a distance of less than fifty meters from the exterior lines of public and private residences and their dependencies. The same distance shall be observed with respect to any other public work or construction, but may be reduced to thirty meters from the exterior lines of common roads, railroads and canals.

As far as relates to fortified points, the minimum distance at which mining exploration can be carried on shall be one kilo- meter, starting from the exterior line of the works. (L. min., Art. 13, and E. L. min., Art. 14.)

According to the G-eneral Custom House Ordinances, Art. 452, such persons as may arrive from foreign parts to prospect for lands or mines, and who bring with them wagons, carriages, tools or instruments for prospecting, and who may solicit per- mission to enter the country therewith, may obtain the same from the Secretary of the Treasury, at his discretion. 'Such parties must give a bond, to the satisfaction of the local Custom House Administrator, to cover the amount of duties that may be determined at the time of arrival, and which must be paid

A Synopsis Op The Mining Laws Op Mexico.

if the re-exportation of the goods is not made within the time fixed hy the Treasury Department.

V. The Ministries op Fomento and Hacienda.

This first is generally called, in Spanish, Secreiaria de Fo- mentoJ' Fomento means encouragement in English, as nearly as it can be translated. Some later translators call it the Department of Public Promotion/’ but there is no justi- fication for using the word Public,” although the word Pro- motion ” is a passably fair translation of Fomento,

The Ministry of Hacienda corresponds to the Treasury De- partment in the United States. Hacienda,, in this connection, means everything relating to public revenue and expendi- ture ; in a more restricted way, it means the wealth of any in- dividual; specifically, a plantation or farm.

The mining industry in Mexico is by law dependent upon the Ministry of Fomento. Said Ministry, as a branch of the powers vested in the Executive of the Union, may decree such measures as it may judge proper for increasing the prosperity of the mining industry, and shall watch over the fulfillment of the laws relative thereto, by means of the engineer inspectors of mines. (L. min., Art. 30.)

The said Ministry must pronounce on every docket of a mining concession the final decision corresponding thereto, and must issue the primordial title-deeds of mining property.

The said Ministry should publish every six months, in the Diario Ojicial of the Federation, a list of the title-deeds which have been issued during said period. (L. min.. Art. 6, and R. L. min., Arts. 16 and 50.)

Every time that the Ministry of Fomento issues a title- deed, a detailed account of the concession to which said title refers must be sent to the Secretary of the Treasury. (R. L. min., Art. 37.)

The immediate control of mining affairs in the Ministry of Fomento is committed to Section Third, which is, in fact, a Central Mining Oftice.

The Secretary of the Treasury,, in its mining branch, has charge of the collection of the revenue stamp tax, of the an- nual mining tax, the coinage tax, the assay fees, etc., and of the exportation of the precious metals.

A STIfOPSIS OF THE MIXING LAWS OF MEXICO.

The Treasury Department may, w'henever it shall consider it equitable and convenient to do so, modify the rule by which the annual mining tax is to be paid in the local Principal or Subordinate Administration of the Revenue Stamp Tax.

Note. — Mining taxes are frequently allowed to be paid in Mexico City, or in some other central locality, when it is not convenient to pay them in the district where the mine is located.

In such a case the Treasury will give notice thereof to the General Administra- tion of the Eeveniie Stamp Tax, so that this office may communicate the same to the principal local stamp tax office where the mine is situated. (E. L. imp., Art. 20.)

The Treasury Department may grant a special concession to metallurgical companies to have their products assayed, and the taxes thereon liquidated, in their own establishments. (R. L. met. prec., Art. 1.)

The Treasury shall determine the compensation of public officers who sell stamps. (R. L. met. prec., Art 1.)

The Treasury shall designate certain government offices, banks or commercial houses on which drafts may be drawn to pay for bullion purchased by the Treasury for coinage pur- poses.

Also, the Treasury shall fix the term in which said drafts shall be payable. (R. L. met. prec., Art. 20.)

The Treasury may fix the minimum value per ton which is to serve as the basis for drawing up bonds for the exportation of precious metals and substances containing them. (R. L. met. prec., Art 35.)

The Treasury may make special regulations for the transpor- tation of metals and minerals within the zones of twenty kilo- meters along the coast and the frontiers.

The Treasury may modify or condone any administrative penalties. (R. L. met. prec., Art 34.)

VI. Mining Agents.

The primary authority of the Executive, represented by the Ministry of Eomento, is delegated to certain officials called Agentes de Mineria or Mining Agents.

The Mining Law prescribes that the Secretary of Eomento shall appoint in any mining districts where, in his judgment, it may be necessary, special Agents dependent on his Depart-

A Synopsis Op The Mining Laws Op Mexico.

ment. These Agents shall receive and put through the proper course all applications for mining property and surplus ground that may be presented to them, and shall exercise such other functions as may be designated for them in the law and regu- lations. (L. min., Art. 16, and E. L. min.. Art. 1.)

An Agent of the Ministry of Fomento must be a Mexican citizen in full possession of his rights, and he must not be exercising any office of authority in the State or Territory where he belongs, nor in the Federal District. (R. L. min.. Art. 3.)

For the legal impediments of the Mining Agent, see page 18 of this Synopsis.

At the time of appointing each Agent, the circumscription or the limits within which he is to exercise his office are to be designated, and the first boundaries, as well as any subsequent modifications of the same, shall be published in the Diario Oficial (official daily newspaper) of the Federation. (R. L. min.. Art. 7.)

For each Agent who may he appointed in any mining dis- trict, there shall also be appointed such substitutes as may be required according to the amount of business in the district in question. Said substitutes must have the same qualifica- tions as the Agents, and shall be the substitutes for the Agents in all temporary or permanent absences that may occur, as well as w'hen, through legal impediment, the Agent is unable to act in any particular case; and for any of these cases they shall be previously summoned by the proper Agent. (E. L. min.. Art. 4.)

The Agents, to exercise their office, should have a patent' (desjpacho), with a revenue stamp of ten dollars. When they forward this amount they must also remit three dollars and twenty cents for the signatures and formalities of the patent. (0. Fom. of August 29, 1892; but this has been abolished by a recent enactment.)

Whenever any Agent wishes to absent himself from his place of residence for less than eight days, he may do so if he previously notify his substitute to act.

The substitutes do not need a patent ; for the discharge of their office, simply the appointment conferred upon them shall be sufficient. (C. Fom., bTovemher 28, 1892.)

A Synopsis Op The Mining Laws Op Mexico,

If the time of absence is to be longer than eight daySj per- mission should be previously obtained from the Ministry of Fomento, and the cause of the absence and its duration should be noted, so that the Ministry may resolve upon the proper course. (C. Fom. of November 20, 1892.)

In case of death, or of serious illness which prevents the proprietary Agent from summoning his substitute, the latter may proceed to exercise the functions of the Agent ; but he shall immediately advise the Department of Fomento thereof by mail, and also by telegraph, if the latter exists. (R. L. min., Art. 6.)

The functions of the Agents are administrative only, and are perfectly defined by the existing regulations as to mining. (C. Fom. of July 1, 1892.)

In case of doubt about the application of the law or its regulations, the Agents must consult "with the Ministry of Fomento. (E. L. min., Art. 1.)

Agents have no right to accept more than the fee fixed by the proper Fee Bill, and they must consult the Ministry of Fomento with respect to the amount of their fees in any case not provided for in the Fee Bill. (E. L. min., Art. 8.) See Honorarios.

The books kept by the Agents do not need other authori- zation than that of the Ministry of Fomento. (C. Fom., Au- gust 1, 1892.)

The duties or obligations of the Mining Agents are :

1. To make known to the public the place in which they attend to mining business and the hours they devote daily to said business, which business must not be interrupted except on Sundays and national holidays. (E. L. min., Art. 7.)

2. To give course to applications for mining concessions in the manner to be described under the head of Acquirement of a Mining Concession, Sect. VIII. of this Synopsis.

3. To give course in the same way to the prospecting per- mits as is laid down under Prospecting, Sect. IV. of this Sy- nopsis.

4. To proceed in cases of withdrawal (desistimiento), am- plification {amplificacion), reduction (reduccion), or correction (rectijicacion) of claims, according to the rules laid down under Sect. IX. of this Synopsis.

Vol. Xxxii. — 2

18 A Synopsis 01 The Mining Laws 01 Mexico.

5. To report to the Ministry of Fomeiito any information required of him.

Agents are expressly prohibited from reeeiYing and keeping on hand moneys intended for the payment of the annual min- ing tax. (C. Fom., April 12, 1892.)

The Agents are responsible for the errors or omissions in the dockets (expedientes), if said errors or omissions are im- putable to them. (L. miu., Art. 19, and R. L. min.. Art. 31.)

Impediments . — A Mining Agent shall be deemed necessa- rily disqualified to act ofiicially in the following cases :

1. In matters where he has an interest, direct or indirect.

2. In cases in which are interested any of his blood relatives in direct line, without limitation of degrees, his collateral rela- tives to and including the fourth degree, or his relatives by marriage to and including the second degree.

3. Whenever the Mining Agent or his relatives, as set forth above, have a lawsuit pending of a like nature to the one in question.

4. Whenever there exist between the Mining Agent and any of the parties in interest intimate relations proceeding from some civil or religious function, sanctioned and respected by custom.

6. Whenever the Mining Agent is an actual partner, tenant or employee of some one of the parties in interest.

6. Whenever the Mining Agent has been tutor or guar- dian of one of the interested parties, or is actually administra- tor of the property of such p'erson.

7. Whenever the Mining Agent is heir, legatee or benefi- ciary of one of the parties in interest.

8. Whenever the Mining Agent or his wife or his children may be debtors or bondsmen of any of the interested parties.

9. Whenever the Mining Agent has been lawyer, attorney, expert or witness in the matter in question.

10. Whenever the Mining Agent is related by blood or mar-

riage to the attorney of any of the interested parties in the degrees expressed in Paragraph 2. (E. L. Min., Art. 5, and

Code of Commerce, Art. 1132, Sects. L to IX., and XII.*)

These are the articles of the Code of Commerce relating to the impediments (disqualifications) of Judges of First Instance.

A Synopsis Op The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

For the authority of the substitute, in case of the death, etc., of the Mining Agent, see p. 17 of this Synopsis.

Honorarios [Fees], — The Mining Agents of the Ministry of Fomento are authorized to charge fees according to the regu- lar Fee Bill. (L. min., Art. 16.)

This Fee Bill is as follows :

1. For endorsing proprietors’ prospecting permits or notices and registry of the same, o-ne dollar (peso),

2. For the procedure and issuing of the prospecting permit issued by the Mining Agent when the proprietor refuses con- sent, two dollars.

3. For the registry of each application for a mining con- cession, or amplification and rectification of mining claims, and for the registry of the same, one dollar.

4. For the notices, summons and summary of dockets, at the rate of twenty cents for every ten lines or fraction thereof, and, besides, ten cents for the examination of each one of the leaves which are contained in the dockets and other documents to be included in the summary.

5. For the writing, comparison and countersigning of the certified copies, and for other copies, at the rate of one dollar for each 100 lines or fraction thereof.

6. For the search for dockets or for any other documents in the archives, one dollar.

When the parties in interest do not furnish sufficient data, and the search njust be made among documents corresponding to more than one year, one dollar for each year of the search.

7. For each kilometer of going and for each kilometer of return, when traveled for the performance of any official duty, twenty-five cents.

8. For ocular examinations or exterior inspections, and making a report thereof, five dollars.

9. For inspections, official visits or examinations, in work- ings underneath the surface, five dollars for every 190 meters of depth, or fraction thereof, to which said workings extend, and five dollars for the report thereon.

10. For presence at meetings which do not exceed one hour of duration, three dollars ; and for every hour or part of an hour over that time, one dollar. (R. L. min., Arancel.)

A Synopsis Of The Minino Laws Of Mexico.

By a Circular of Boniento of September 1, 1892, the Mining Agents are authorized to charge one dollar for the comparison and countersigning of the plans presented by the expert sur- veyor, and the same for the comparison and countersigning of the copies of plans which may be copied from the archives of the Mining Agency by the parties in interest.

The Mining Agents have a right to charge only the above- named fees, and should consult with the Ministry of Fomento as to what should be the amount of their fees corresponding to cases not provided for by the Ministry. (R. L. min., Art. 8.)

The default in the payment of fees, if attributable to either applicants or opposers, implies for the first that they have de- sisted from their application for a concession, and for the second that they are to be considered as having desisted from their opposition and as consenting to all the claims which have been brought forward by the applicant. (R. L. min.. Art. 36.)

VII. Mining Surveys and Mining Surveyors.

The measurement and laying out of mining concessions is to be done by graduate experts, or by practical experts if gradu- ate experts are not at hand.

The Mining Law requires that within the three days next following the presentation and registry of an application for a mining concession, the Mining Agent must appoint a gradu ated surveyor expert, or, if none such is to be found in th( place, a practical expert, who shall measure the claims anc gores applied for and draw up the corresponding plan, marking clearly thereon the monuments (landmarks) of the claims or gores aforesaid, as well as the contiguous claims within a zone of at least 100 meters all around.

The Mining Agent may appoint the expert indicated by the applicant whenever said expert has the necessary qualifications. (R. L. min.. Art. 19.)

The expert, within eight days after his appointment, must notify the Agent whether he accepts or declines the appoint- ment ; and, in the former case, that he has already made an agreement with the applicant respect to the payment of the fees. The Mining Agent shall make a corresponding note thereof on the docket.

By desire of the applicant, the above term of eight days may

A Synopsis Op The Mining- Laws Oe Mexico.

be prolonged by tbe Mining Agent, one single time only, for the same number of days more. (E. L. min,, Art. 20.)

At the time of making the note of the acceptance of the ex- pert, the Mining Agent shall fix for the expert a peremptory term of sixty days to present, in triplicate, the corresponding plan, accompanied by a detailed report; and he shall deliver to the expert a certified copy of his appointment, canceling there- upon a revenue stamp of ten cents for each leaf. The said copy shall conclude with the admonition that whoever may re- sist the performance of the field-work which the said surveyor has to carry on will be in danger of the penalties laid down in the law.

If the surveyors, in the performance of their work, actually meet with resistance, they shall demand the assistance of the public forces.

It has been expressly declared that surveyors, during the discharge of their duty, have the character of executors of a legitimate order of a public authority. (E. L. min., Art. 24, and C. Fom., July 6, 1892.)

The surveyor experts must pay attention to whatever ob- servations may be made to them by the applicant (for the con- cession they are measuring), arid by those who have opposed the application for the concession, or who propose to oppose it.

But they are not to express any opinion upon the observa- tions, except in the explanatory report which they must present to the Mining Agency.

The presentation of said report within the peremptory term fixed by law is a personal responsibility of the experts, who shall be charged with all the loss and damages that may be caused by any default in the presentation of said document. (E. L. min., Art. 25.)

The operations on the field to be performed by the duly ap- pointed surveyor expert shall be executed in such a manner that, by means of the necessary scientific processes, there shall be determined the horizontal lengths of the sides of the claims, and the angles formed by the aforesaid sides with the true meridian.

For this purpose the surveyor experts shall determine the magnetic declination of the compass, if that instrument is used to measure the courses of the sides.

A Synopsis Op The Mining Laws Op Mexico.

Effort shall be made to refer some one of the vertices of the perimeter to fixed points found on the ground, and all the necessary data shall be collected for the verification of the work.

Landmarks , — The marking of mining claims upon the sur- face of the ground shall be made by means of monuments or landmarks, which must fulfill the following requisites :

1. They must never be changed from their position, since they are intended to mark points that are essentially invariable as long as the claims or concessions which they define continue unchanged.

They are to be solidly constructed, and must always be preserved in good condition, such repairs being made as may be necessary.

2. They must be situated in such convenient number and place that, in every case, from any one of them the preceding and the following one can be seen. By their form, color, or in some other way, they must be distinguished from neighboring landmarks.

Bearing in mind the foregoing instructions, the mining sur- veyor appointed by the Mining Agency shall mark upon the ground the points where the landmarks are to be placed. The surveyor shall also mark these points on the corresponding plan which he may draw up. (R. L. min.. Arts. 3, 8 and 19.)

In case an increase of the number of claims in any mining concession shall be applied for, the landmarks must be placed upon the boundary-lines of the new property in accordance with the directions already given.

The same shall be done whenever there is a remeasurement (rectification) or a reduction of the number of claims. (0. Eom., September 3, 1892.)

Plans . — The plans of the claims shall be neatly and accu- rately drawn, on strong paper, for the preservation of the docu- ment, but the copies may be taken on tracing-cloth.

The scales must always be decimal and appropriate to the object of the plans.

The plans must show the length of the sides in meters, the directions of the same with reference to the true meridian, the declination of the compass used, with the date on which this was determined, and the area in hectares. (R. L. min., Art. 39.)

A Synopsis Op The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

The surveyor appointed to measure any concession must pre- sent his plans to the Mining Agency within the peremptory period of sixty days, under his own strictest responsibility.

The plan must be in triplicate, showing the claims or gores that have been applied for, as well as the neighboring claims within a distance up to 100 meters.

One of the three plans (on strong paper) is to be placed in the docket, and the other two are regarded as copies thereof. All three must be compared and countersigned by the Mining Agent before the first plan is remitted to the Ministry of Fomento with the docket (C. Fom., September 1, 1892.)

The plans and reports relative to mining concessions do not need revenue stamps. (C. Fom., October 19, 1892.)

In case the parties in interest should solicit copies of any plans existing in the archives of the Mining Agencies, the parties or persons designated by them for that purpose shall be permitted to make such copies on the premises of the Agency. (C. Fom., September 1, 1892.)

The responsibility which is incurred by the bad execution on the ground of the work of marking out and measuring the claims extends to the graduated surveyor expert, as well as to the simply practical experts. (0. Fom., July 1, 1892.)

The law does not exact the presence of the Mining Agent, nor that of any other authority, at the act of marking off and measurement of the claims. Hence, the applicants will not have to pay the costs which were formerly to be paid for said presence.

The want of said presence does not take away the neces- sary legality of the act, which is fundamentally a technical operation, and does not imply the occupation of property nor the infringement of any rights, the latter being guarded by the provisions of the law and its regulations. (C. Fom., July 1, 1892.)

The present mining law does not contain any fee bill for the payment of mining surveyors or experts, but there are in sev- eral States enactments covering these points; and for cases where they are not covered, the judges frequently use the scale of fees contained in the general fee bill of February 12,

A Synopsis Op The Mining Laws Op Mexico.

VTTT. Acquirement op a Mining Concession (Denounce- ments).

The words “ denounce ” and “ denouncement,” as applied to mining affairs in Mexico, came into the English language about 182‘r. H. Gr. Ward, in his book upon Mexico, published in 1827 or 1828, was the first or one of the first to use the term, and he defines it as follows : “ To ‘ denounce,’ in the Milling Code of Mexico, implies that process by which a legal right of possession is obtained to a particular portion of any vein, worked or unworked, known or unknown, which a miner chooses to select for his operations.”

The word is almost equivalent to “ announce ” in English, and has no opprobrious significance whatever.

According to the earlier mining legislation of Mexico, the applications for mining concessions w'ere called denuncios (de- nouncements) ; but the term is no longer in legal use under the present law, although it is still commonly employed in collo- quial language when mining matters are discussed.

With respect to denouncements, the Transitory Article 1 of the Mining Law of June 4, 1892, says : “ All denouncements of mines or of demasms (gores) which are in course of proced- ure when this law commences to take effect shall continue to be in procedure, and the necessary decisions thereon shall be made according to the present law.”

An y inhabitant of the Eepublic may apply for a mining con- cession. See Foreigners and Foreign Companies, Sect. XV. of this Synopsis.

The law concedes complete liberty with respect to the num- ber of claims* that may be applied for in any case where there is sufficient free ground, without taking into account whether the applicants are one or several, or whether they constitute a partnership or company, or not. (L. min., Art. 15, and 0. Fom., July 1, 1892.)

With exception of the case in which the claims applied for are situated in ground subject to exploration, mining conees-

This clause has been woefully abused in practice. There are many persona in the Republic who have made and are making immense denouncements solely for the purpose of keeping mining ground tied up j and up to the present time the eiforts of the Government to prevent this have had no decisive result.

A SYNOPSIS OF THE MINIKa LAWS OF MEXICO.

sions are always to be conceded to the first applicant. (L. min., Art. 15.)

See Mineral Substances, Sect. I. of this Synopsis, for a list of the substances for whose exploitation a concession is necessary.

Every application for a concession to mine any of the sub- stances which the owner of the soil is free to exploit shall be quashed at once. (E. L. min., Art. 44.)

Applications for the concession of mining claims or gores must be presented in duplicate to the proper Mining Agent, and must express with entire clearness the number of claims asked for ; their situation on the ground ; the location of the ground in the municipality to which it belongs ; the most not- able natural signs by which the claim can be identified ; and the designation of the mineral substance which it is proposed to mine. To secure sufficient clearness, the Mining Agent may question the applicant himself, entering all his answers upon the application, on the duplicate thereof, and in the registry- book of the Mining Agency, in presence of the interested party. But inability or refusal of the applicant to give expla- nations shall not be a sufficient ground for not making the registry, or for the suspension of the rest of the procedure. (E. L. min., Art. 15.*) Applications for mining concessions made in the name of a third party may be admitted, always provided that the applicant shall give a bond, and shall promise to produce a legal power of attorney in proper form, at latest within the sixty days allowed to the expert to present his plans and report. If said period passes without the production of the power of attorney, it will be to the prejudice of the inter- ested party. (C. Eom., October 15, 1892.)

Attorneys should be appointed by a power of attorney in legal form, if it is desired that the Ministry of Eomento shall deliver the titles to the attorney.f But, to avoid complications, the interested parties may, in their original application, or in a separate application to the Minister of Eomento, designate a person to whom the titles are to be delivered. (Special ruling of Minister of Eomento.)

See, however, on pp. 26 and 27 of ibis Synopsis, the analysis of Circular No. 32.

t A power of attorney in due form is required, fo-r the purpose of obtaining prompt action upon a mining title before the Fomento Department.

A SYNOPSIS OP THE MINING- LATfS OF MEXICO.

It is not indispensable that in every case the applicant for a mining property shall have an attorney or representative in the City of Mexico to receive the titles to a property. As soon as the papers are approved and the necessary stamps provided, the titles will be sent to each interested party, without any expense to Mm. (C, Fom., July 1, 1892.)

On October 31, 1899, a circular (Ko. 32) of the Ministry of Fomento was issued, which states that cases have been very frequent where applications for mining concessions have been presented with the deliberate object of preventing other per- sons from taking up the same ground ; and for the furtherance of this object a large number of pertenencias (claims) are asked for, or the number is not designated, as the documents simply claim the whole of a municipality, of a district, or of the juris- diction of a Mining Agent, etc.

The circular then proceeds to explain the provisions ot Ar- ticle 15 of the Mining Law Regulations, and enjoins that the applicants for mining concessions must carefully and exactly comply with Article 3 of the Mining Law of June 4, 1892, and Article 15 of the Regulations.

According to this circular, the applications must contain :

(1) the number of claims (pertenencias) to be included in the concession, clearly and precisely stated; (2) the situation of these claims on the ground; (3) the location of the ground in the municipality ; (4) the most notable natural marks by which the ground applied for can be identified ; (5) the designation of the mineral substance proposed to be mined ; (6) the nature and situation of the deposit in which the mineral is found, for which purpose it must be stated whether the mineral deposit is a vein, a blanket-deposit, a placer, or has some other form ; (7) mention of the place or places, within the boundaries of the local Mining Agency, where the mineral deposit may be examined — designating the most notable landmarks by which the mineral deposit may be identified.

In case the application does not duly satisfy all these requi- sites, it cannot be admitted or registered.

This circular gives the latest and strictest construction of the law.

If the above requisites are fulfilled, the Mining Agent, if still

A Synopsis Of The Mining Laws Of Mexico, 27

in doubt, may interrogate the applicant, and shall note his answers on ‘the application, on the duplicate, and in the Registry Book of the Mining Agency, in presence of the interested party ; but the proceedings must go on, if the above Teguisites are fulfilled even if the party cannot give explanations, or refuses to do so.

The Mining Agent shall call the attention of the Ministry of Fomento, when the docket* is sent on, to the rpiestions that were asked and the replies thereto.

As already noted on p. 11 of this Synopsis, applications for mining concessions in which interrupted claims — ie., claims not consecutive — are asked for are admitted whenever all the claims are in the same municipality and upon the same mineral deposit. Otherwise, separate applications must be presented with reference to the claim or claims situated in each separate mineral deposit or. municipality.

In every case the applications must contain all the requisites above referred to, in order to be admitted. (C. Pom., October 31, 1899.)

A fifty-cent revenue stamp is required on every leaf of the application.

At such points of the Republic as may not be comprehended within the district assigned to any Mining Agent of the Min- istry of Fomento, applications for mining concessions may be presented to the local postmaster, who, in such a case, shall receive them and take note thereof, designating the day and the hour of presentation.

The postmaster must also give immediate notice to the Min- istry of Fomento by mail, and also by telegraph, where there is one. (R. L. min., Arts. 48 and 49.)

As soon as any application for a mining concession is pre- sented to a Mining Agent, he shall proceed immediately to register the same, in the presence of the applicant, with an entry of the day and the hour of presentation, as well as the ordinal number of the docket relative thereto, in the special registry book for applications for mining concessions, and also

‘Docket” is the best English equivalent I can find for the Spanish word ExpedimU.

A Synopsis Of The Mining- Laws Of Mexico.

at the end of the application itself, and upon the duplicate thereof.

Said registry hook is to be paged and countersigned by the Ministry of Fomento.

The applications shall lie registered in the exact order of the date and hour in which they may be' successively presented, without leaving any blank spaces in the book between the different registrations. (R. L. min.. Art. 17.)

When an application has been admitted, no other can be re- ceived for the same site until after the Ministry of Fomento has entered a final ruling on the docket belonging to said con- cession, whether for full mining claims or gores. (R. L. min., Art. 16.)

In case of the simultaneous presentation of two or more applications for concessions of mining claims or gores for the same site, lots shall be drawn in the presence of the interested parties, to decide which of the applications is to be admitted and registered. (R. L. min.. Art. 18.)

Within the three days following the presentation and registry of any application for a mining concession, the Mining Agent shall appoint a graduated mining e-xpert, or, if there are none in that locality, a practical expert, to measure the claims or gores, and draw up the corresponding plan thereof. (R. L. min.. Art. 19.) See Sect. VII. of this Synopsis.*

Within eight days (or sixteen, if the time be officially ex- tended), the expert must communicate to the Mining Agent his acceptance or rejection of the appointment, and, in the first case, that he is already in accord with the applicant for payment of his fees. The Mining Agent shall enter the proper note thereof upon the docket, and designate at once for said expert a peremptory term of sixty days to finish and present his documents, giving him, at the same time, a certified copy of his appointment.

The Mining Agent shall then proceed to make out in dupli- cate a summary.

One copy of the summary shall be posted upon the Bulletin

See pp. 20 and 21 of this Synopsis. The provisions there stated are sub- stantially repeated here, as belonging under this Section also.

A Synopsis Of The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

Board of ttie Agency, and the revenue stamps for this announce- ment shall be demanded from the applicant.

Said copy of the summary shall remain affixed on the Bulle- tin Board for one month, of which note shall be made on the docket.

The publication of the summary has the effect of a summons to any one who may believe he has a right to oppose the application for the mining concession of which the summary treats.

Opposition is only admissible during four months from the date of the summary, as posted on the Bulletin Board of the Agency.

When the four months above noted have passed without op- position being made, or if the opposition is not one of those which interrupt the procedure of the applications for mining concessions, or if the docket has been returned by the tribunals with a final sentence, favorable to the applicant :

Within fifteen days next following any of the above, the Mining Agents, under their strictest responsibility, must make a copy of the docket, and send the same, with the copies of the plan, in a registered letter, to the Ministry of Pomento.

If the applicant wishes to take charge of the delivery of said documents, the Mining Agent may deliver them to him, and shall notify the Ministry of Pomento. (R. L. min., Art. 34.)

The Mining Agents cannot suspend the procedure of any mining concession for any motive whatever, unless in cases of opposition. (L. min., Art. 19.)

Stamps , — As already noted (p. 27), applications for mining concessions must have a fifty-cent revenue stamp on each leaf.

The reports made of mining surveys, with the plans, do not require revenue stamps, since stamps are not required on the plans themselves. IsTeither should stamps be used on the copies of the docket, because the original docket must contain the stamps provided for by law, and also because said copies are and should be regarded as official memoranda. (0. Pom. of October 19, 1892.)

The copies to be given to the mining expert surveyors of

A Synopsis Op The Mining- Laws Op Mexico.

their respective appointments must have a teu-ceut revenue stamp. (0. Hda. of October 29, 1892, and C. Fom. of FTovem- ber 12, 1892.)

Applications for a reduction in the number of claims must have a revenue stamp of fifty cents on each leaf. (0. Fom. of November 13, 1892.)

The prospecting permits made out unconditionally by private parties on their own lands do not cause any stamp tax ; but if they contain any conditions, of whatever nature, the permits shall be considered as contracts, and must have a revenue stamp of fifty cents per leaf.

But the notice that must be given to the local Mining Agent before commencing prospecting work in public lands does not require, in any case, the use of revenue stamps. (C. Hda. of August 20, 1892, and C. Fom. of October 17, 1892.)

However, such copies of the prospecting permits as may be published on the Bulletin Board of the Mining Agency must have, on each leaf, a fifty-cent revenue stamp. (0. Hda. of April 5, 1898.)

Any default in the presentation of documents, affixing reve- nue stamps, publications, payment of fees, attendance at con- ciliatory meetings {juntas), and, in general, in any of the pro- ceedings referred to above, which can be attributed to the applicants, will cause them to be held to have desisted from their application.

The docket formed by reason of any application for a mining concession is forwarded, after having passed through the preliminary stages, as above, to the Ministry of Fomento.

The docket is examined in the Ministry of Fomento, and, if approved, the making out of the title-deed will be proceeded with.

The deed will be remitted to the Mining Agent for delivery to the interested party, together with one copy of the plan, sealed by the Ministry of Fomento.

The Ministry of Fomento will send to the Treasury Depart- ment a detailed notice of the concession as made.

. If the docket is not in form for approval, the proper obser- vations thereon shall be made to the Mining Agent, so that the deficiencies noted may be corrected within a term to be

A Synopsis Of The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

fixed by the Ministry of Fomento. If the said deficiencies are not so corrected, and are the fault of the applicant, the appli- cation shall be declared to have been abandoned by the appli- cant’s delay ; and an applicant thus declared dilatory cannot repeat the same application.

If the Mining Agent has caused the delay in the procedure, he will be held responsible, without prejudice to the applicant. (L. min., Art. 19, and R. L. min., Art. 3Y.)

Applicants are not under the necessity of appointing a rep- resentative (attorney in fact) in the Capital of the Republic to attend to the proceedings about the docket or to receive the title-deed.*

The title-deed will be sent to the Agent for delivery to the applicant, if he has not already designated, in the application itself or in another special writing sent to the Ministry of Fo- mento, some person in the Capital of the Republic who may receive the title-deed. (C. Fom., July 1, 1892, and a special ruling of the Ministry of Fomento.)

When the title-deed has been made out in favor of the con- cessionary, he enters at once into possession of his claim or claims without other formality. The title-deed produces all the legal effects of a transfer. (L. min., Art. 18, and C. Fom., July 1, 1892.)

IX. Amplification, Reduction and Rbmbasurement of Con- cessions : WiTHDEAWAL OF APPLICATIONS.

Amplification , — The owners of any mining property may ask for an increase of the number of their claims, and for this purpose must subject themselves to the proceedings laid down for applications for a concession.

The plan, which is to be drawn up by an expert in case of an increase of claims, shall include only the new claims which it is desired to acquire, showing the position of these with ref- erence to the first property; the landmarks shall be placed upon the boundaries of the new concession. (R. L. min., Art. 42, and C. Fom., September 3, 1892.)

The applicants for a mining concession may ask for an in-

As to this, see note, p. 25.

A Synopsis Of The Mininh Laws Op Mexico.

crease of the numter of claims therein before the publication of their application upon the Bulletin Board.

The Mining Agents shall note this application for increase on the first application, on the duplicate thereof, and in the Registry Book of the Agency, and shall also publish the sum- mary of the application with the proper correction.

If the increase is desired after the publication of the sum- mary, it will be necessary to withdraw the former application so that a new application may be at once presented. (0. Fom., August 1, 1892.)

Reduction , — The reduction of the number of claims, applied for or in actual possession, must be solicited in writing, with a fifty-cent revenue stamp on the application.

If the reduction is applied for before the publication of the summary, it will be sufficient to have the petition endorsed upon the original application, upon the duplicate, and in the Registry Book.

The summary should be published as corrected,, and there will be no necessity of making a new application.

If the reduction is asked for after the publication of the sum- mary, the original application must be abandoned, and a new application presented. (C. Fom., August 1, 1892.)

A reduction of the number of claims acquired under the new law does not require a new title-deed to the property.

The Mining Agent before whom the new application is pre- sented, accompanied with the corresponding title-deed, shall appoint an expert, who, at the expense of the applicant, and within a convenient term which the Mining Agency shall allow for the purpose, shall make a plan of the reduced property, and shall locate the necessary monuments according to Regu- lations.

A reduction of the number of claims can only be applied for during the four months time allowed as above, and counted from the date of the posting of the summary on the Bulletin Board (page 29), or after the issuing of the title-deed. (0. Fom., January 17, 1901.)

The Mining Agent shall also make a note of the reduction, as asked for and as authorized, on the register of applications for concession and on the title-deed of the property, which shall

A SYNOPSIS OP THE AlINING LAWS OF MEXICO,

be delivered to the interested party, together with a certified copy of the proceedings.

The docket shall be terminated with the notice of the reduc- tion, which should be immediately given to the local office of the Eevenue Stamp Tax.

In the case of a reduction of the number of claims acquired before the mining law of June 4, 1892, the procedure will be the same ; but in this case the Mining Agent must conform to the provisions of the circular sent out by the Ministry of Fo- mento on August 30, 1892.

The Mining Agent must make due mention of all cases of reduction of the number of claims in the monthly report which he has to forward to the Ministry of Fomento. (C. Fom., Sep- tember 3, 1892.)

If the reduction of the number of claims should be made before the expiration of the term of four months, which the law allows for the completion of the docket relative to any con- cession, it will not be necessary that the interested party should desist from his original application.

In such cases the following procedure shall be observed :

First — If the application for a reduction should be pre- sented before the surveyor expert has made the survey, the Mining Agent shall give notice to the surveyor, so that the sur- vey shall be made in accordance with the desires of the party in interest.

Second . — If the expert shall have already presented his re- port, the Mining Agent shall make a new appointment, so that the reduction may be made at the expense of the applicant, and within a term which shall not exceed the time remain- ing for the expiration of the four months allowed by law for the surveys.

In either case the Mining Agent shall make a note of the re- duction in the docket, and shall bring it to public notice by means of the official newspaper of the State, and by a notice on the Bulletin Board of the Agency.

It is understood that the publication made in the newspaper shall be at the expense of the interested party. (C. Fom., ITo- vember 20, 1893.)

The time for the publication of the notice shall be fifteen days.

A Synopsis Op The Mininh Laws Op Mexico.

New applications for the concession of ground now left free shall only be admitted and registered after the expiration of said term.

The party interested in the reduction shall be obliged to pre- sent to the Mining Agent, before the termination of the pro- ceedings relative to his application, one copy of the official newspaper in which the proper publication has been made.

If the reduction shall be applied for, and if any requisite of the law or regulations has been uncomplied with in the ante- rior procedure, the Mining Agents shall note the circumstance in the docket relative thereto ; the reduction shall not be pro- ceeded with ; and, when the proper term has expired, the docket shall be forwarded to the Ministry of Fomento for the corres- ponding decision relative thereto. (C. Fom., March 1, 1897.)

JRemeasurement — Whenever a remeasurement is applied for, it shall be subject to the same procedure and requisites as are determined for mining concessions. (E. L. min.. Art. 42.)

For the purpose of explaining the anterior provision of the law, the Ministry of Fomento, by circular of September 3, 1892, prescribed the following ; In cases of rectifications, when it is only sought to repeat the measurement of the claims on the ground, in order to place them exactly in agreement with the title-deed, the procedure will be the same as for a new con- cession, and the monuments, or landmarks, should be placed according to Regulations ; but as the making out of a new title- deed is not required, the docket must terminate with the de- livery, which the Mining Agent will make to the interested party, of a certified copy of the operations as practiced.

But if the purpose of the rectification is to correct any errors that may exist in the title-deed, the law demands the drawing up of a new title-deed, and hence the entire proceeding is the same as for new concessions.

Withdrawal of Application . — An applicant may withdraw an application for a mining concession, after or before the publica- tions, by appearing in person, or by writing.

If the withdrawal is made before the publications, and by appearance, it will be sufficient for the appearance to be spread upon the docket ; the minute to be signed by the applicant for the docket and placed in the archives.

If the withdrawal should be made in writing, the document

A Synopsis Of The Mining Laws Op Mexico.

shall be added to the docket, which shall then be placed in the archives.

If the withdrawal should be made during the publication of the advertisements, these shall be taken down from the Bulletin Board of the Agency where they are being published, and the same procedure shall be followed as in cases of withdrawal by appearance or in writing before publication.

In the case of a voluntary withdrawal, when all the legal requisites have been complied with in the proceedings upon the docket, the Mining Agents shall proceed to make a proper publication thereof on the Bulletin Board for a period of fifteen days, and until this period is concluded no applications for a concession which may be presented, covering the same ground, shall be received or registered.

If the application for a withdrawal shall have been presented in any case in which the requirements of the Law and of the regulations shall not have been fully complied with in the an- terior procedure, the Mining Agents shall note the non-com- pliance in the respective docket, the application for withdrawal shall not be acted upon, and when the time laid down in the regulations has expired the docket shall be remitted to the Sec- retary of Fomento for an appropriate disposition of the same. (C. Fom., March 1, 1897, Secs. 3 and 4.)

It should be noted that any omission in the presentation of applications, the supplying of stamps, publications or advertise- ments, payment of fees, attendance upon hearings, and, in gen- eral, the omission of any one of the proceedings prescribed for the obtaining of a mining concession or for making opposition thereto, whenever such an omission is imputable to the appli- cant or to the opposers, will be the cause, for the applicants, of considering them as having desisted from their application for a concession, and for the opposers of considering them as hav- ing desisted from their opposition and as being in conformity with the claims brought forward by the applicants. (R. L. min., Art. 36.)

X. Proceedings in Opposition: Mining Litigation: Penal

Jurisdiction,

The publication of the summary in each case of application for a mining concession has the effect of a summons to all those

A Synopsis Op The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

who may believe that they have a hight to oppose the applica- tion in question. (R. L. min., Art. 22.)

Any opposition that is commenced against an application for a mining concession must be presented within the four months ensuing from the date of the summary, which is published in every case on the Bulletin Board.

Apart from this, any opposition, to be admissible, must be founded upon one of the following motives :

1. iSTonconformity of the owner of the ground.

2. Invasion of contiguous claims or gores.

3. An anterior property in or application for the claims or gores now applied for, or some part thereof. (E. L. min.. Art. 26.)

If the opposition should be founded upon some other mo- tive, different from the three just mentioned, the Mining Agent shall confine himself to attaching the document to the docket, without suspending the course of the latter. (E. L. min., Art. 32.)

When opposition is made by the owner of the ground, alleg- ing that the mineral deposit in question does not exist, and when from the report of the surveyor expert it appears that there are indications of the mineral on the surface of the ground, or a prospect-hole, or prospect-work of any kind in the deposit itself, the Mining Agent shall decline to hear the protest, and shall continue the proceedings on the administrative docket until their termination, so that the Ministry of Fomento may award to the applicant the property in question, which is under- stood to be only the underground mineral right. In any case, the area and price of that part of the surface to be occupied by the miner are always subject to a judicial decision. (L. min., Art. 20, and E. L. min., Ai't. 30.)

In the case that there are no indications of a mineral de- posit on the surface of the ground, nor any prospect hole, or exploration of any kind, see under Expropriation, Sect. XII. of this Synopsis, for the course to he followed. The court will decide whether a mining concession is to be granted or not, and the decision may be appealed from.

Except in the two preceding cases, the Mining Agents shall suspend the proceedings upon applications for concessions, whenever an opposition is presented thereto. (L. min.. Art. 19.)

A Synopsis Of The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

WhenoTer an opposition is presented, the Mining Agent shall advise the applicant thereof by means of a notice, during three consecutive days, on the Bulletin Board (of the Agency), giv- ing the name of the opposer and of the applicant, and the ordinal number of the docket corresponding thereto. In this docket shall be made a note of said notice being published. (R. L. min.. Art. 27.)

Except in the case that the applicant may present himself in the Agency to manifest that he withdraws his application, the Mining Agent shall order the document of opposition to be reserved until he shall receive the report and plan of the sur- veying expert, (R. L. min., Art. 28.)

On the same day in which the latter documents are received, the Mining Agent shall summon the interested parties (appli- cants and opposers) to a meeting within the ne'xt fifteen days, by means of a notice on the Bulletin Board during three con- secutive days, in wRich notice shall simply appear the number of the docket, the names of the interested parties, and the day and hour of the meeting.

At the meeting the Mining Agent shall endeavor, above everything, to reconcile the dissentients and to avoid judicial questions. A note of all these points shall be made on the docket. (R. L. min.. Art. 29.)

If the Mining Agent does not cause an agreement between the interested parties, he shall suspend all proceedings and deliver the docket to the applicant, so that under his responsi- bility, and within a prudent term to be fixed by the Mining Agent, said applicant shall present the docket to the local Judge of First Instance, to whom it may belong. (E. L. min.. Art 31.) See below, in this Section.

When the opposition has been presented after the plan and report of the surveying expert have been received, but before the expiration of the four months’ term fixed by law, the above proceedings for an agreement shall be followed as far as appli- cable, this being the only case, except that in which the docket is to be sent to the courts, in which the Mining Agencies may postpone the proceedings up to thirty-five days beyond the four months prescribed for the procedure in the docket, provided that the opposition shall be presented less than twenty days before the day on which the term of four months is to expire. (R. L. min., Art. 33.)

A Synopsis Of The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

When the aforesaid four months shall have expired without any opposition appearing, or if the opposition is not one of those that interrupt the procedure, or if the docket has been returned from the Tribunals with a final sentence favorable to the applicant, the Mining Agency, under the strictest respon- sibility and within the next fifteen days, shall make a copy of the docket, and shall remit the same, together with the copies of the plan, in a registered package, to the Ministry of To- rn ento, unless the applicant prefers to take charge of the for- warding of said documents, in which case the Mining Agency shall so inform the Ministry of Fomento. (R. L. min., Art. 34.)

Mining Litigation . — Any lawsuits about mining matters shall be carried on in the Federal District, or in the Federal Terri- tories, or in any State, by the judges and tribunals which may there be competent, according to the provisions of the Code of Commerce, observing the rules laid down in Book F., Title I, Chapter IX., of the said Code, with the condition that the preferential working expense, indicated in Article 1030 of said Code, Sec. II., is the payment of the mining tax. (L. min., Art. 27.)

PenalJiiTisdiction , — The crimes and misdemeanors committed officially by the Mining Agents shall be tried before the Dis- trict Judges (Federal Judges) acccording to the proper laws.

Common crimes and misdemeanors committed in the mines shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the local judges, without prejudice to the power of the Federal authorities to impose a ministerial punishment. (L. min.. Art. 31.)

XL Metallurgical Works,

The term hacienda de benejicio is applied most usually to mills where gold- and silver-ores are treated by amalgamation.

The establishment and working of amalgamation-mills, as well as that of all classes of metallurgical works, is governed by the provisions of the ordinary laws; that is to say, by the same laws as apply to the establishment of any other kind of industrial or manufacturing business, and as relates to taxes thereon by the Law of June 6, 1887, Arts. 7 and 8.

Said law provides that amalgamating-mills and metallurgical works, when in operation, shall pay to the State where located.

A Synopsis Op The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

or to the General GoTernment, if in the Federal District or in the Territories, as the only tax, which cannot be increased, np to six dollars per thousand upon the value of the buildings, with their machinery, and that every other tax, excejit the Stamp Tax, is strictly prohibited.

The products of metallurgical smelters, in the form of ar- gentiferous lead, are exempt from exportation duties up to a content of 7 thousandths of silver, whenever it shall have been so specified in special contracts.

The excess of silver over the above content shall be subject to the payment of duties. (C. Hda. of February 25, 1892.)

Metallurgical establishments, working under prior contracts with the Government, in force on March 27, 1897, are excepted from the payment of the Coinage Tax upon the silver they may export directly, as long as the silver content of the argentiferous lead does not exceed 7 thousandths and the silver content of the argentiferous copper is not over 20 thou- sandths.

If these limits are exceeded, the said establishments must pay the Coinage Tax upon the excess.

This exemption only applies to the products originating in the establishments that have a franchise, but not to the products which these may acquire from other establishments. (L. met. prec.,Art. 9.)

Metallurgical companies may obtain a special concession from the Secretary of the Treasury to effect, in their own es- tablishments, the presentation of the products intended for export, so that the local Federal ofidcers may thereupon perform the assays and form the account of the taxes and duties to he paid.

The establishments exempted, under contract, from the pay- ment of Coinage Tax upon argentiferous lead and copper of a less amount than 7 and 20 thousandths of silver, respectively, must, when they employ the products of other metallurgical establishments, pay the 2 per cent. Coinage Tax upon the total value of the silver contained therein before such products are employed for subsequent operations.

The origin of their products must he proven by metallurgi- cal establishments at the Custom House or in the Government assay offices, in the manner laid down by law. (R. L. met. prec., Art. 2.)

A Synopsis Of The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

Concessionaries under the law for the exploration and work- ing of gold-mines and placers, published June 6, 1894, should have installed, within the minimum term of two years from the date of their contract, a metallurgical establishment with suf- ficient capacity to treat 400 tons of ore weekly, or, in place of said establishment, some other works equivalent in value to said establishments, at the discretion of the Secretary of romento.

Note. — Water-rights for niiniag or metallurgical purposes, if upon navigable or jS-oatable streams, would have to be acquired from the Federal authorities, under the provisions of a special law to that effect.

Upon other streams the water-rights would have to be acquired hv concession from the Government of the State where located.

XII. Expkopriations for Mining Purposes.

The marking out and measurement of the mining concession does not imply any right to the occupation of the surface prop- erty. The owner of the mining concession should understand that he must arrange with the owner of the land, whenever he may find it convenient to do so, for the acquirement of such a part of the surface as he may need to occupy for the dependen- cies of his mining business, or of the totality of the surface marked out for his miniug claims (in the case of placers or superficial deposits).

This arrangement may be amicable, through a contract with the owner, or by expropriation, through initiation of the proper legal proceeding. (K L. min.. Art. 40.)

The workings required for the exploitation and utilization of mines and placers are considered to be of public utility, where- fore, in case of disagreement, there may be a forcible expropri- ation of the ground necessary for such purpose. (L. min., Art. 10 .)

If, for any reason, the owners of a mining concession cannot agree, either upon the area of the land which it may he neces- sary to occupy for the exploitation of mines and placers, or upon the price thereof, with the owners of the surface ground, the expropriation shall be decreed by the J udge of First Instance, observing the following procedure:

1. Both parties shall appoint their own expert appraisers, who shall present their estimates to the judges within the eight

A Synopsis Of The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

days following, counted from the day on which they were ap- pointed.

If the estimates should be discordant, the judge shall appoint a third expert as umpire, who must present his opinion within an equal period.

The judge, taking into account the opinion of the experts and the proofs which may have been rendered by the parties while the experts were forming their report, shall determine within the following eight days the superficial extension that is to be occupied and the amount of the indemnity.

The decision of the judge shall be carried out without further recourse than that of responsibility (of the judge).

2. If the owner of the ground to be occupied should not appoint his expert within the term of eight days after being notified by the judge, the latter shall appoint judicially an appraiser who will represent the interests of the land-owner.

3. If the possessor or owner of the property should be un- known or doubtful, the judge shall determine, as the amount of the indemnity, the sum which may be the result of the exami- nation by the appraiser appointed by the concessionary of the mine and the appraiser appointed by the judge to represent the legitimate owner. Said sum shall be placed on deposit, to be delivered to the person to whom it may belong.

Note. — T he mining lawaimake no provision for the expropriation of water or of wood.

The right of way to mines and to open roads would have to he obtained under the ordinary provisions of the Civil Code in force where the mines might be located.

Xni. Easements and TuNNSL-EiaHTS.

Mining properties and common properties — i.e., real estate not used for mining purposes which, adjoins mining properties — shall possess and enjoy (or suffer, as the case may he) the legal servitudes of right of way, right of aqueduct, right of drainage, and right of ventilation.

For the imposition of said servitudes, and for the assessment of damages corresponding thereto, the judges shall subject themselves to the laws of each State, and to those of the Fed- eral District, and of the Territories, when said laws are not modified by the following rules (L. min.. Art. 12) :

1. The legal servitude of drainage consists of the obligation

A Synopsis Of The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

whicli the owner of one claim incurs to indemnify the proprie- tor of another claim for loss and damages which may be occa- sioned by not maintaining the said drainage of the subter- ranean workings, or by not maintaining the said drainage as much as may be necessary, so that the water flows from the first to the second claim.

Also, in the obligation which all claim-owners have to permit, through their claims, the passage of tunnels or counter-mines, whose exclusive object is the drainage of one or more work- ings.

2. Drainage-tunnels, when not made by mutual agreement, may only he undertaken by the owner or owners of certain claims, for which the said tunnel is an absolute necessity.

3. For the case provided for in the foregoing rule, all the owners of claims that are improved by the drainage secured by means of the tunnel are bound to pay an indemnity in pro- portion to the benefits received, account being taken of the nature of each mine, and according to the state thereof.

4. The opening of mining-tunnels shall not be commenced without previous license, conceded by the Ministry of Fomento, after hearing the opinion of the local Mining Agent, and after examination and approbation of the plans upon which are de- tailed the course and cross-section of the proposed tunnel. See Rule 22.

5. Any pay-ore which may be found while opening the mining-tunnels, if it is found within claims that have been legally conceded, is the property of the owner of such claims ; and if it is found within free ground, it shall be divided be- tween the owners of all the claims improved by the mining- tunnel, according to the proportions laid down in the foregoing Eule 3.

6. If, where a mining-tunnel has been undertaken, one or more veins in free ground are discovered thereby, and if appli- cation is made for the concession of the respective claims or gores, the rules as to applications for concessions shall be applied.

The tunnel-owners in this instance shall be considered as explorers ; so that, during three months subsequent to the noti- fication, applications for the concession of the claims in ques- tion can be accepted from them only.

A SYNOPSIS OF THE illNING LAWS OF MEXICO.

7. Whenever the Ministry of Fomento has authorized the license referred to in the foregoing Eule 4, only by express contract can any other persons, apart from those that are men- tioned ill the license as benefited by the mining-tunnel, be con- sidered as undertakers of the tunnel.

8. The owners of claims traversed by the drainage-tunnel may place their own confidential inspectors within their re- spective claims while the tunnel is being opened. The func- tions of the inspector are limited to watching the work, and reporting to the Mining Agent, or to the corresponding judge, in the proper case, such abuses as he may observe.

9. At those points of drainage-tunnels where they commu- nicate, for any reason, with mine-workings, gratings shall be fixed as soon as the communication is opened, to prevent transit or passage.

10. Only in case of unanimous consent, expressed in a public deed made by all the interested parties in a general drainage- tunnel, according to the foregoing Eule 3, may said tunnel be destined to other uses than to those of drainage.

In this case there shall be stipulated in the contract, under penalty of nullity, all the particulars referring to passage or transit, such as are indicated in the foregoing Eule 9.

11. Mines which may be newly opened, at a point where they may be benefited by a general drainage-tunnel already in existence, shall be subject to the foregoing Eules 3, 7, 8, 9 and 10.

12. The legal servitude of ventilation consists of the obli- gation, which every owner of mining-claims assumes, to permit the proprietors of contiguous claims to open communication with his interior workings, whenever such communication will produce, as a necessary result, a ventilation which could not be obtained in any other manner, except at great expense.

13. Unless there is an express contract to the contrary, drawn up in the form of a public deed, between the owner of the dominating property and the owners of the serving property, gratings to prevent passage or transit shall al- ways be placed upon the boundary-line of the respective properties.

14. Whenever a communicating working, not among those mentioned in the foregoing Eule 12, shall, in fact, ventilate

A Synopsis Of The Mining Laws Op Mexico.

two or more workings, this service of ventilation shall not con- fer on the mine-owner who opened the communication any right to demand compensation from the owners of the other workings so ventilated, nor shall the said owners, in their turn, acquire any legal servitude as an encumbrance upon the mining property which causes the ventilation.

15. If pay-ore should be met with during the progress of a working opened for the purposes indicated in the foregoing Eule 12, the provisions of Eules 5, 6 and 8 shall be observed wherever applicable.

16. Also, whatever is applicable of Rule 4 shall be ob- served.

17. All the expenses that may be incurred by the work- ings which are to be opened to secure ventilation, and those of the subsequent ventilation of the same, shall be at the ex- clusive charge of the person who solicited the constitution of a servitude.

18. In the future, for the imposition of a legal servitude, as an easement of any mining property, or as an encumbrance to another, there shall be required, either the consent of the owner of the serving property, expressed in a public deed, or by a declaration signed and ratified before a judicial authority, or before the Ministry of Pomento ; an administrative de- cision, consented to by the interested parties; or a judicial decision.

19. The owner of claims in whose favor it is supposed that a legal servitude is to be established, but who does not succeed in securing the consent of the party by whom it is presumed the servitude should be granted, must present himself before the Ministry of Fomento.

The Ministry, with the formalities and within the term pre- scribed by the Regulations, shall decide whatever it may deem proper, but always after a hearing of the dissident.

If the latter party or the applicant should not be willing to abide by the administrative resolution, the right shall be re- served to appeal to the proper local tribunals, within the term fixed by the Regulations.

The final decision shall be communicated by the tribunal which pronounces it to the Ministry of Fomento.

(See Rules 23 and 24.)

A Synopsis Op The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

20. If the administrative decision should be favorable to the applicant, and adverse to the opposer, said decision can only be immediately put into effect after the filing of a proper bond by the applicant to compensate losses and damages, in case the opposer should obtain a final decision in his favor before the courts.

21. The three preceding rules are applicable to all the cases in which the provisions of any of the other rules shall or might give rise to a judicial question. (L. min., Art. 12.)

22. For the imposition of the servitude of a mining tun- nel, as referred to in the foregoing Rule 4, there shall be presented the application made to the local Mining Agent for a permit, which shall be accompanied by the horizontal pro- jection (plan) and section of the tunnel, both to an appropriate decimal scale, as well as the sections and other details which are believed to be proper to illustrate the nature and circum- stances of the projected works.

The Mining Agent shall forward to the Ministry of Fomento, together with the application and the corresponding plans, a report upon the subject, which shall contain his own opinion, founded on the data.

The said Ministry, in view of said documents, and of siny other data which it may think proper to ask for, shall decide upon the proper course. (R. L. min., Art. 45.)

23. The owner of any mining claims, in whose favor it is supposed that an easement ought to be established, and who does not obtain the consent of the person by whom it is sup- posed the servitude should be borne, may present to the Min- istry of Fomento, in accordance with the provisions of the fore- going Rule 19, the corresponding application, accompanied by all the necessary data.

The Ministry, in view of the report of the local Mining Agent, and previously hearing the dissident, or his representa- tive, shall determine whatever it may think proper within the terms which it may fix, under the circumstances of each case. (R. L. min., Art. 46.)

24. If the applicant for the easement referred to in the same foregoing Rule 19, or the party who should bear the servi- tude, should not be willing to conform with the corresponding decision of the Ministry of Fomento, he may go before the

A Synopsis Op The Mining Laws Op Mexico.

proper judge, provided he shall do so within a term of not to axceed two months from the date of said decision. (R. L. min., Art. 47.)

That part of the tunnels situated outside of boundary lines is exempt from the mining tax, when the said tunnels are exclu- sively designed for ventilation, drainage, and the extraction of minerals which do not come from the tunnel itself. (L. min., Art. 83.)

XIV. Mining Contracts and Companies.

A contract in virtue of which money or goods are furnished to the owner of a mine for the working thereof was called avio ;for which the nearest English equivalent is habilitation) in the older mining laws of Mexico.

Such a contract is at present either a partnership or a mort- gage. (L. min., Art. 25.)

The mining law of June 4, 1892, provided expressly in Article 5, transitory, the following:

The contract of avio and all contracts relative to mining affairs which may be in existence when this law commences to be in force, shall be construed by their own stipulations and on omitted points according to the mining legislation in force at the time when the contracts were made.

But it shall be indispensable for the validity of future acts depending upon said contracts that said contracts should be registered according to the provisions of Articles 24 and 25 of this law within the term of one year from the time of the law coming in force.

In consequence, if in any case a mining business is trans- ferred by any title to a third party, said third party shall be bound by all obligations proceeding from the contracts referred io, since these produce realty rights of action in law.

Stock-companies or partnerships that may be formed for the exploitation of mines shall be governed by the provisions of the 3ode of Commerce, except those relating to monetary associa- ions, which are not applicable to mining business. (L. min., irt. 24.)

Note. — The part of the Code of Commerce above referred to comprises Arti- les 268 to 271, inclusive, which are not applicable to mining affairs.

A SYIsOPSIS OF THE MINING LAVS OF MEXICO. 47

Every mining company or partnership is obliged to register itself at the county seat of the county or judicial district where the mining-claims that form the object of the business are situ- ated, as well as at the domicile or domiciles which the said partnership or company may have in the Republic. (R. L. min,, Art 54.)

XV. Fokeigners and Foreign Companies.

Foreigners enjoy in the Mexican Republic the same civil rights as the citizens thereof and the guarantees of the Federal Political Constitution, See. 1, Title I.

Foreigners may therefore apply for prospecting permits and mining concessions, and have the same awarded to them, provided they are not located within the twenty-league limit.

It is to be noted that any foreigner who may acquire real estate (including mines) in the Mexican Republic, and who does not manifest, at the time of said acquisition, his intention to preserve his nationality, is reputed to be a Mexican citizen. (Federal Political Constitution, Art. 80, Sec. HI.)

According to the law of February 1, 1856, still in force, no foreigner can acquire, without previous permission, real estate in the frontier States or Territories, unless at twenty leagues distance from the frontier line.

Whenever a foreigner shall present an application for a con- cession to acquire any mining property located within the above- named limit, he must send, at the same time, his application for permission, through the local Governor, to the Ministry of Fo- mento, so that the said permission may be passed upon, in one or the other sense, whenever the period may arrive for the granting of the title to the mining concession as applied for. (C. Fom. of September 5, 1892.)

As to the registry of foreign corporations that may desire to establish themselves or to found branch houses in this Repub- lic, see Sect. XVI. of this Synopsis.

Foreigners who have applied for mining concessions within the twenty-league zone above referred to must present the authorization of the Government to hold mining property within the zone within the period of four months, which is fixed according to law for the completion of the docket rela- tive to the concession. (Page 29 of this Synopsis.)

A Synopsis Op The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

Foreigners wlio may acquire mining property are subject, in everything that relates thereto, to all the laws in existence or that may be framed hereafter relative to the transfer, use and preservation thereof, as well as to the payment of the respective taxes.

Said foreigners cannot at any time plead any rights as for- eigners with respect to the above matters. (Law of February 1, 1856, Art 5.)

Consequently, all questions with respect to mining prop- erty owned by foreigners in this Republic must be tried be- fore the Tribunals of this Republic and according to its laws, to the exclusion of any foreign intervention whatever, (Law cited, Art. 6.)

Any contract for the rental of mines made with a foreigner for a longer term than ten years is to be reputed as a transfer of the property. (Law of May 28, 1886, Art. 31.)

Foreign corporations in Mexico enjoy the same rights as are conceded to them by the laws of their own country, provided that these rights are not contrary to the laws of the nation. (Law of May 28, 1886, Art. 5.)

XVI. Registry of Mining Transactions.

The oiEces which have charge of the public register of prop- erty; in default of these, the mortgage offices; and in default of both, the Judges of First Instance of the common (State) law, shall keep an especial book for the registry of mining transactions. (L. min., Art. 25; R. L. min., Art. 61; and Code of Commerce, Art. 18.)

Registration is obligatory with respect to contracts of part- nership or of companies, and is optional with respect to title- deeds of mining concessions or property.

The Register Book is to be filled up according to the chrono- logical order of the presentation of documents, and the follow- ing items must be inserted therein, as nearly as may be :

1. The name, title or social designation of the concern.

2. The class of operations to which the concern is de- voted.

3. The date on which it will commence or has commenced its transactions.

4. Its domicile, specifying the branch-houses it may have

A Synopsis Of The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

established, although these branches must also be registered where situated.

5. The contracts of association of every partnership or com- pany, whatever may be its object or denomination, as well as the contracts for modification, abrogation or dissolution of the same.

6. The minutes of the first general meeting and the docu- ments annexed thereto, in the case of stock-companies which were organized by public subscription.

7. General powers of attorney, appointments, and the rev- ocation of the same, if such were conferred upon managers, agents, employees or other representatives.

8. The record of the increase or decrease of the money- capital of stock-companies or partnerships.

9. Title-deeds of mining property.

10. Issues of stock-loan certificates and bonds, giving the series and numbers of the certificates of each issue, their inter- est and payment terms, the total quantity of the issue, and the goods, works, franchises or mortgages (when there are such) which are responsible for the amounts.

Stock or obligations emitted by private parties should also be registered in the same way. (Code of Commerce, Art. 21 .)

Eailure to register the said title-deeds and other papers can- not affect unfavorably the rights of third parties; but said third parties may legally profit by such failure.

Notwithstanding the omission of the mining registry, any documents referring to real estate and to real property rights shall be valid against third parties whenever they may have been registered according to the common law. (R. L. min., Arts. 52 and 53, and Code of Commerce, Art. 26.)

The mining registry shall be made at the seat of government of the county or judicial district where the mine is located,' and, if a mining company is in question, also at the domicile thereof.

If, from the extension of the claims {j)ertenencias\ or for any other 'motive, there should be a doubt as to where the registry is to be effected, the Ministry of Fomento shall de- cide, and must communicate its decision to the Treasury De- partment. (R. L. min., Art, 56.)

VOL. . — i

A Synopsis Op The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

The inscription shall be made with the certified copy of the respective deed in band, or from the document itself, or from the wTitten declaration which the interested party may present, "whenever the deed to be registered may not be a public document.'’ (Code of Commerce, Art. 25.)

Note. — A public document” is one drawn up before a notary public, or some official of equal authority, or by some public officer, administrative or Judicial.

Documents proceeding from foreign countries, and subject to registration, shall he previously protocolized in the Republic. (Code of Commerce, Art. 25.)

Note. — When a document from abroad is to be protocolized in Mexico, it must be certified to by an Ambassador, Minister or Consul of Mexico. This cer- tificate is certified to by the Foreign Office here. The document is then ready to be protocolized — that is, spread upon the record of a Notary Public — if it is in Spanish.

If not in Spanish, it must be presented, with a translation, to some Court of First Instance in this Bepublic.

The Court appoints an interpreter to ascertain and certify the correctness of the translation, and the order is then given for the document to be put on record by the Notary Public. In any case the Notary retains the original document among his records, and issues a certified copy thereof, in Spanish, for use, which copy has the legal effect of the original document.

The Registers cannot in any case, or for any motive, refuse the entry of the documents that may be presented to them. (R. L. min., Art. 51, and Code of Commerce, Art. 31.)

Documents duly registered produce their legal effects from the date of the entry, and cannot be invalidated by anterior or posterior documents not registered. (R. L. min., Art. 51, and Code of Commerce, Art. 29.)

Foreign companies or houses which may desire to establish themselves or to establish branch houses in the Republic must present and have entered in the Register a certified copy of their statutes, contracts and other documents referring to their organization ; also, their inventory or last balance-sheet, if they had one ; also, a certificate of being constituted and authorized according to the laws of their respective countries.

This certificate must be made out by the Minister accredited by this Republic to that country, or, in default thereof, by the

A Synopsis Op The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

Mexican Consul. (R. L. min., Art. 51, and Code of Com- merce. Art. 24.)

Any change of ownership of a mining property must he notified to the Mining Agent or other officer in charge of the Register, so that the proper note can be made thereon. (L. imp., Art. 7.)

The Mining Agents of the Ministry of Fomento shall also keep a registry-book, paged and countersigned by the Min- istry of Fomento, in which must be registered all applications for the concession of mining claims or gores that may be pre- sented.

This registration shall be made immediately, in the presence of the applicant, with an entry of the day and hour of presen- tation, as well as the number of the respective docket.

Blank spaces are not to be left in the book between the sev- eral entries, and these must, in every case, be exactly subject to the order of their dates and of the hours in which they were presented. (R. L. min., Arts. 15 and 17.)

If two or more applications for a concession of mining claims or gores, covering the same site, should be presented simul- taneously, lots shall be drawn, in the presence of the interested parties, to decide which of the applications is to be admitted and registered. (R. L. min.. Art. 18.)

In the same registry-book the Mining Agents shall enter such reductions of the number of mining claims as are applied for and conceded. (C. Fom., September 3, 1892.)

XVn. Taxes ox Mixes.

Caducidad {Loss of Mining Projperty ). — The default of pay- ment of the tax constitutes the only cause of the loss of mining properties, which in this case become free of all liabilities and may be adjudicated to the first applicant who shall fulfill the legal requisites. (L. min.. Art. 29.)

The tax upon mining properties is a Federal tax, and is composed of two portions — one portion to be paid but once in revenue stamps, which are to be affixed to every title-deed to mining property, and the other to be paid annually. (L. min., Art. 28, and L. imp., Art. 1.)

A SYrOPSIS OF THE MINING LAWS OF MEXICO.

The Tax Upon Ilining Title-Deeds.

The revenue stamps for the title-deeds to mines of gold, silver and platinum shall be of the value of ten dollars, and shall be placed upon the said title-deeds at the rate of one revenue stamp for each claim (pertenencia) of ten thousand square meters, or fraction of a claim which is equal to, or more than, the half thereof. (L. imp.. Arts. 1 and 3, and L. of June 3, 1898, Art. 1.)

When the fraction shall be less than half a claim (whether this fraction is the whole property or whether it constitutes an excess over several claims), a revenue stamp for five dollars should be placed upon the first leaf and another revenue stamp of fifty cents upon the second leaf of the title-deed.

The title-deeds to mines which are not of gold, silver or platinum, and which require a legalized concession for their working, need only carry revenue stamps to the value of two dollars and fifty cents for each claim.

But these same mines shall carry the same stamp-tax (and other taxes) as those of gold, silver and platinum when the minerals found in said mine contain gold, silver or platinum in any proportion. (Law of June 5, 1898, Arts. 1 and 2.)

According to the law of October 31, 1892, the value of the revenue stamps which should be affixed to the title-deeds of mines or deposits of iron and mercury should be one dollar per claim (perteneneia) ; but the article referred to was repealed by the decree of June 3, 1898, according to which the revenue stamps on the title-deeds to such mines are to be of the value above stated.

The revenue stamps to be placed upon the title-deeds to mining property shall be canceled by the Ministry of Bomento, which Ministry will call upon the interested parties for the revenue stamps, either directly or through the local Agency, as soon as the docket has been approved and the title-deeds authorized to be made out. (L. imp., Art. 3, and C. Fom., Sept. 1, 1897.)

By the Mining Tax law of June 6, 1892, every mine-owner, or possessor, at that time and by any title, was obliged to pre- sent his documents in the local Sub-Treasury office within a fixed time, to have the proper revenue stamps affixed to his title, and also that a note might be made in the Eegister of

A SYIs'OPSIS OF THE MININa LAWS OF MEXICO.

the number of iiiertmendas in the property for the payment of the annual contribution. The time for the above finally ex- pired October 31, 1892.

Ajinual Mining Taxes,

Every owner or possessor of mines not of gold, silver or pla- tinum, and for whose working a legal concession is required, is obliged to pay annually the sum of two dollars and fifty cents for each pertenencia, (L. of June 3, 1898, Arts. 1 and 4.)

For mines of gold, silver or platinum the owners shall pay ten dollars per year for each pertenencia (claim of 10,000 square meters). (L. imp.. Art. 4.)

The mines first referred to above shall pay an annual tax equal to that of the mines of gold, silver and platinum when the ores encountered therein contain gold, silver or platinum in any proportion. (L. of June 3, 1898, Art. 2.)

Iron-mines or deposits, in whose favor an exception was established with respect to the annual impost of the law of October 31, 1892, have now become subject to the general law, according to Article 4 of the law or decree of June 3, 1898.

Fractional parts of pertenencia less than one-half of a claim (less than 6000 square meters) are exempt from the annual tax. (0. Fom. of February 16, 1898.)

Fractional parts of a pertenencia equal to or more than one- half a (equal to or more than 5000 square meters)

pay the same annual tax as an entire pertenencia. (L. imp.. Art. 1.)

The annual tax is collected by thirds of a year, in advance, through the oflices of the Eevenue Stamp Tax, to which the taxpayers must peremptorily present themselves without the necessity of a notice or of any other requisite on which might be founded a delay or excuse. (L. imp., Art. 5, and R. L. imp., Art. 11.)

The offices just referred to are the principal or subordinate Administrations of the Stamp Tax, but the Secretary of the Treasury may assign other offices to receive the tax in such cases as he may consider it just or convenient to do so, by giv- ing notice to the General Administration of the Stamp Tax, so that that office may communicate the fact to the Principal Ad-

A Synopsis Of The Mining Laws Of Mexico.

ministration of tire Stamp Tax, witMii whose jurisdiction the mine may he comprehended. (E. L. imp., Art. 30.)

Permission is frequently obtained to pay mining taxes in Mexico City when it is not convenient to do so in the district in which the mine is located.

Every third-of-a-year’s tax must be paid before the 31st of July, 30th of IsTovember and 31st of March of each year.

Eor said purpose the proper Administration, Principal or Subordinate, of the Stamp-Tax shall deliver to each interested party a schedule (holeto) which contains :

1. The name, Impuesto Minero"’ (Mining Tax), at its head.

2. The name of the State and Municipality to which belongs the office that distributes the schedule.

3. The name of the mine, number of pertenencias on which the taxis to be paid, municipality in which the mine is located, name of the owner, company or enterprise which is in posses- sion thereof, and the ordinal number of the register of the title-deed.

4. The amount of tax to be paid each third of a year.

5. Three blank columns destined to receive the revenue stamps corresponding to the thirds of a year, duly stamped.

The interested parties must be careful to fix the schedule referred to in a visible portion of the office of the concern." (E. L. imp., Art. 23.)

Duplicate schedules may be given out for the mining tax in case of loss of those which were given to the taxpayer at the time of the first payment. (Circ. Adm. Gen. Eenta Timbre, November 30, 1897.)

Any mine owner may pay his annual tax in advance, if it suits his convenience so to do. (C. Hda., November 10, 1892, Sec. 7.)

All kinds of metallurgical works, including amalgamation- mills and smelters, are taxed as under Sect. XI. of this Sy- nopsis.

Postsceipt.

Secretary’s Note.

It will be noticed that the foregoing paper has been copyrighted by the Insti- tute. This has been done but once before, when the paper of Prof. Posepny on '*The Genesis of Ore-Deposits” was similarly copyrighted. It is true that, ac- jording to Pule VII., “ the copyright of all papers communicated to, and accepted

Gems And Precious Stones Of Mexico.

bj, the Institute, shall be vested in it, unless otherwise agreed between the Council and the author.’’ But this provision is intended mainly to secure to the Council the right to give permission for free republication, by technical periodicals, of any Institute paper, in whole or in part. This permission is given cordially ; and duplicate blocks of illustrations are furnished at rates far below the original cost, to facilitate such republications — the desire of the Council being to increase in this way, as far as practicable, the circulation of each paper, and the consequent reward, in professional reputation, of its author. Hence the unnecessary for- mality of copyrighting each paper in the name of the Institute has been generally omitted.

The two exceptions to this practice were made to prevent republication in vol- umes issued for sale by enterprising publishers, and interfering directly with the sale of special volumes by the Institute.

In the case of Prof. Posepny’s paper, the wisdom of this exceptional measure has been shown by the great demand for the first special “ Pose pny volume,” and its greatly enlarged second edition. In the present case, the author is permitted to sell in the Bepublic of Mexico copies of his valuable compilation, in recogni- tion of the generosity with which he has freely placed the result of his labors at the disposal of the Institute, which, for its own protection, as well as his, has formally copyrighted the Synopsis.”

Gems and Precious Stones of Mexico.

By George Frederick Kunz, New York City.

(Mexican Meeting, November, 1901.)

Mexico has been famous for its silyer-mines ever since the Spanish conquest; but in respect to gems, although many va- rieties occur, yet only a few have been obtained in any im- portant amount. Considering the extent of country in Mexico and in the adjoining States of the Central American Republics, and the richness of mineral wealth that must surely exist there, our present knowledge of the occurrence of precious stones is remarkably small. The great prevalence of igneous rocks would lead us to anticipate the future discovery of many local- ities of gems and ornamental stones, when fuller scientific ex- ploration shall have taken place.*

At the present time the only gem-stone that is systematically mined in Mexico is opal, and the only important ornamental stone is tecali the so-called Mexican onyx. In addition to these may he mentioned the pink garnet, or rosolite, found in one

See Oem and Preeious Stones of North America. By George F. Kunz, New Tork, 1892, pp. 275-309.

Gems And Precious Stones Of Mexico.

locality in the State of Morelos, where it is worked to some extent, and the pyrope or Bohemian garnet, weathered out of igneous rocks, and gathered by the Comanche Indians in Chi- huahua, as those of Arizona and Hew Mexico are collected by H avajoes. Other garnet-localities are known, but have not been developed. Topaz, which occurs in some places, will be men- tioned later. Moreover, beautiful amethysts from Guanajuato are well known ; but while making superb specimens for the mineral cabinet, they rarely afford material for cutting.

Great interest attaches to certain semi-precious stones, used and highly valued in pre-Columbian Aztec times, of which the localities have been lost, or but recently rediscovered. Prom- inent among these is the precious and even sacred Chalchihuitl of the Aztecs, at one time supposed to be turquoise, but now more correctly identified with jade. Recent studies of the sources of this remarkable stone are cited below. Another is a fine amethyst, different from that of Guanajuato, which was worked into ornaments by the ancient natives. A third stone, used to a great extent by the Aztecs, is obsidian, or volcanic glass. The wonderful chipping and lapidary skill shown in their work on this material in Mexico has never been equalled elsewhere. The principal locality where this obsidian was mined is known, and has recently been described in detail; but there were doubtless other localities, since there are several varieties of the product.

Of the rarer gems, diamonds, ruby, sapphire and emeralds, few occurrences are reported, and no deposits are mined ; re- liable information about them is limited. Santiago Ramirez, in a work on the minerals of Mexico,* relates, on the authority of another person, that in the Mexican war of independence, Gen. Vicenzo Guerrero, while selecting a camping-place for his men in the State which now bears his name, but at a point not named, found some diamonds. Their mode of occurrence, however, as described, makes it almost certain that they were only brilliant crystals of quartz. They are described as having been found loose in the interior of large hollow pebbles, and were, in other words, geodes. Some of them are said to have been set in earrings, and to have been pronounced octahedral diamonds; and others were purchased by a lapidary at the

Noticia Sistorica de las Min&ras de Mexico,

G-Ems And Precious Stones Of Mexico.

capital. The accounts are vague; hut one specimeiij of three carats, is said to have been presented hj Gen. Guerrero to the museum of the Mexican College of Mines. If this crystal could be found and identified, there would be a clear under- standing of the facts.

Euby has never been positively found, though it has been reported from Durango, and at one or two other points. It is not at all certain, however, that these specimens were not pyr- ope garnets. A single rolled pebble of blue and white mot- tled corundum is the nearest approach to sapphire yet obtained. It occurred among pebbles of agate and chalcedony, and was brought from near San Geronimo, Oaxaca, by Dr. Knight Keftel, of Kew York, and identified by the writer.

Emerald, or perhaps only a finely-colored beryl, is reported from three points — the hill of Cerro Gordo, in Guanajuato; Tejupilco, in the State of Hidalgo, near Tulancingo, where it is found in mica schist ; and a locality in the State of Guerrero, from which a few small specimens of good color, but imperfect, are in the Escuela Minera Nadonal at the City of Mexico.

Garnet — The occurrence of choice pyrope garnets in Chi- huahua, near Lake Yaco, has already been mentioned. Fine ones are also reported from Sonora. They exist, doubtless, in many other localities in these portions of Mexico; for these garnets occur at various points in Arizona and Yew Mexico, and have been called Arizona rubies.” Another locality, at Triunfo, in Lower California, yields small bright crystals, evi- dently almandite, in a white granite. These are not pyrope, which occur in rounded nodular forms, in strictly igneous rocks. One or two other points are reported, but none of any importance.

Much the most interesting development of garnet in Mexico is at Xalostoc, in the State of Morelos.* Here the very perfect crystals have been found, dodecahedral in form, and up to a full inch in diameter. They are of a fine purplish pink color, embedded in a matrix of white limestone, with olive-green vesLivianite. Analysis proves these crystals to be a variety of grossularite ; but their color is so peculiar among garnets that the name rosolite has been proposed, and to some extent adopted

Carlos Sellerier on tlie Minerals of Mexico,’* Buffalo, 1901.

Gems And Pebcious Sionbs Of Mexico.

for them. The crystals are not transparent, and hence are not suitable for cutting as gems, though very attractive as speci- mens. The white or pale-gray rock, however, studded with the embedded pink garnets and yellow-green vesuvianite, makes a beautiful ornamental stone, and has been employed as such. Polished slabs and small columns of this “ rose-garnet ” rock may be seen in the principal museums of the United States, notably a fireplace and mantel in the American Museum of hTatural History, Hew York City.

Pour species of the garnet-group have thus been definitely recognized from Mexico : pyrope, or Bohemian garnet ; gros- sularite, in the pink variety just mentioned; essonite, or cinna- mon garnet, described by Damour as occurring in light-red dodecahedral crystals in limestone; and almandite. Other members of the group undoubtedly occur, but have not been definitely determined, and no important localities are as yet known.

Topaz. — Topaz has been observed at many localities in Mexico, from Zacatecas all the way south to San Luis Potosi. In the Tepazon mountains, southwest of the latter place, and at the Hacienda Tepezate, at Pinos, seventy-five miles north- west of it, fine crystals have been obtained. They vary from colorless to rich wine-yellow, and from one to three inches in length, and are sometimes double-terminated, with brilliant faces. At these places they occur either in an eruptive rock of the rhyolite series, like that at Thomas mountain, in Utah, or in a kaolin, which is doubtless the same or a similar rock, in a soft decomposed condition. Specimens of great beauty in the Berlin Museum, presented by Dr. Soriano, of Mexico, are labeled as from one or two other points near San Luis Potosi — “Mesa de San Jose Buenavista” and “ Mesa de Santa Cruz.”

In Durango and Guanajuato, topaz occurs in its characteristic association with tin-ores. At Ooneto, in the former State, it is abundant in connection with durangite and cassiterite, in the tin-bearing sands, resulting from the breaking-down of the trachyte rocks. The crystals are small, rarely over half an inch long, but brilliant, and of various tints, from colorless to yellow or pink red, and at times smoky black from included cassiterite. They are colored by tin in every case. At La Paz, in Guana- juato, large crystals, colorless or clouded, are found with tin-ore.

GEMS A:I) PEECIOUS stones of MEXICO.

At some other Mexican localities, colorless topaz crystals have been observed containing inclusions of rutile. These colorless topazes are believed to be in all cases the result of a natural bleaching-process, in which the original tint, probably yellow, has been lost by exposure and weathering.

The Mexican topazes are familiar as mineralogical speci- mens, but it does not appear that any systematic attempt has been made to develop the localities with a view to their use as gems. So far as known, none of them would aifford gems ex- ceeding a few carats in weight.

Turquoise , — This stone, although much used and highly valued by the Aztecs, is not known to occur in the present ter- ritory of the Mexican Republic. Many objects of ancient work — carved, inlaid, or encrusted with turquoise — are found in Mexico, and it was doubtless one of several kinds of green stones included under the name of chalchihuitl. But all the true turquoise so used evidently came from the mines in ISew Mexico, Arizona and California, where there are abundant evidences of extensive ancient working. Yet it may have been obtained from some locality since forgotten, as the jadeite locality has been.*

The Quartz Gems , — Clear crystalline quartz, or rock-crystal, was used by the Aztecs in the manufacture of some remarka- ble carved objects — particularly crystal skulls, which have at- tracted much attention among archseologists ; but where the material was obtained is not known. It is reported as occur- ring near Pachuca and Hidalgo, in the State of Michoacan, and in veins near La Paz, in Lower California. The center of the vein is said to be beautifully pellucid, while the sides are opaque white. It is possible, how’ever, that the larger pieces used for the carvings may have been brought from the remark- able locality of transparent rock-crystal in Calaveras county, California. The largest skull shows inclusions of prochlorite in the quartz of which it is made, a feature which also charac- terizes the Calaveras quartz.

Examples of these rock-crystal skulls are to be seen in the Blake collection in the TJ. S. National Museum at 'Washington ;

The masks, daggers and encrusted human skulls are more fully described on later pages of this paper, and in the writer’s work on Oem and Predom Stones of North Americaj already cited.

Gems And Precious Stones Oe Mexico.

the collection of the late A. B. Douglas, in the American Mu- seum of jSTatural History, Hew York city; and the Trocadero Museum in Paris. The largest one, however, is now in the Archaeological Department of the British Museum, for which it was secured hy Sir John Evans, during his visit to the United' States in 189T, by purchase from Messrs. Tiffany & Co. It weighs 175|- Troy ounces and measures 210 millimeters (8 in.) in length, 136 millimeters (5f in.) in width, and 148 milli- meters (5- in.) in height. The eyes are deep hollows; the line separating the upper from the lower row of teeth has evi- dently been produced by a wheel made to revolve by a string held in the hand, or possibly by a string stretched across a bow, and is very characteristic of Mexican work. Little is known of its history and nothing of its origin. It was brought from Mexico by a Spanish officer, some time before the French occu- pation of Mexico, and was sold to an English collector, at whose death it passed into the hands of E. Boban, of Paris, and then became the property of Tiffany & Co. That such large articles of wrought rock-crystal are not to be found in Mexico might lead one to infer its possible Chinese or J apanese origin. But it is evident that the workmanship of the skull is not Chinese or Japanese, since, in that case, nature would have been more closely copied ; while, if the work were of European origin, it would undoubtedly have been more carefully finished in some minor details.

Prof. Edward S. Morse, of Salem, Mass., who resided in Japan for several years, and Tatui Baba, of Japan, once of Hew York city, declare positively that this skull is not of Jap- anese origin. Mr. Baba gives as one reason for his belief, that the Japanese would never cut such an object as a skull from so precious a material.

In ancient Mexico there was undoubtedly a veneration for skulls, for we find not only small skulls of rock-crystal, but real skulls, notably the one in the Christy collection in the British Museum, encrusted with turquoise. It may have been one of these that suggested the making of this skull, the one at the Trocadero Museum, and the smaller one.

Two very interesting quartz crescents are known ; one in the Trocadero Museum ; the other in the collection of Prof. Maxwell Sommerville, in the Museum of the University of Pennsylva-

Gems And Peecious Stones Op Mexico.

Ilia. Beads of this material are sometimes found in the tombs with jadeite and other stone beads. They rarely have a diam- eter of an inch.

Labrets (lip-ornarnents) are occasionally found. But the wonderful crystal tablet now in the Field Columbian Museum, Chicago, is one of the most interesting and beautiful objects, made of Mexican rock-crystal, now in existence.

Among other varieties of quartz minerals, reference may be made to a prase or green quartz, which appears as a wrought material in some of the ancient articles of Aztec carving — notably a great votive adze in the British Museum collection, which has passed under the name of cJialchuit or chalchikidtl or jade. The source of this material is not known; it may be beyond the Mexican boundary or in Central America.

The amethysts from the silver-mines of Guanajuato have a world-wide reputation. They are found in large quantities, associated with pink and white apophyllite, and ranging in color from the most delicate lilac to the deepest purple. The crystals are frequently light in color at the base, but very much darker at the terminations. Groups a foot across are often obtained, but not good enough to cut as gems. It is certain, also, that fine amethysts were formerly found at some other locality in Mexico ; for collections, both in the United States and abroad, contain fine objects made by the Aztecs, but not at all resembling the Guanajuato mineral. They are deep purple, and more than 2 in. long, each being cut from a single crystal.

Chalcedony, agate, jasper, and the other varieties of quartz undoubtedly exist in abundance at many places in Mexico and Central America, judging from the numbers of objects, such as beads, figures and ornaments, shown in the collections. Some finely carved agate figures, 6 in. in length, are in the Blake collection in the United States Museum; and similar objects exist in the collections of other museums.

The name of Cyclops ” has been given to a peculiar occur- rence of red and white chalcedony in concentric layers of con- cretionary growth, evidently from a solution, found in Chihua- hua, about 1895, by Mr. E. J. Smith, of Chicago, who proposed the name. The specimens are, for the most part, small nodules, nearly hemispherical, and averaging half an inch in diameter. The center consists of a little nodule of red chalcedony, which

aEMS AND PRECIOUS STONES OF MEXICO.

is overlaid and surrounded by clear colorless clialcedony. When the convex surface is polished en cahoehon, the red center shows very strikingly, producing an eye-like effect; and the stones make attractive rings, scarf-pins and the like.

But it is the other species of silica, opal, that is by far the most important among Mexican gems, and the only one actually mined to any extent in the Eepublic. All the varieties of it are found both in Mexico and Central America; but the noble opal ’’ is more abundant in the latter than in the former country. The opal consists principally of silica, differing from quartz, however, in being never crystalline, and in containing from 3 to 12 parts of water in 100. The specific gravity of quartz is 2.65 ; of opal, about 2.2. Quartz has a hardness of 7, and opal of only 6, and even as low as 5.5.

Noble opal is the harder variety, in which the color is uni- formly distributed, and ranges from opaque white to almost the pellucidity of glass. Fire-opal or girasol is the variety show- ing flashes of red and yellow, green and other colors, the opal itself ranging from colorless to white, transparent yellow, red- dish brown to almost opaque. It is usually less hard than the noble opal. The names lechosos and zeasite are given by the Mexicans to the variety showing deep-green flashes of color. The name harlequin is applied to the variety in which the patches of color are small, angular, variously tinted, but evenly distributed. Common opal, so called, exhibits no play of color. This variety is found of many hues, chiefly, however, milky, pale green and rose-colored (when it is called quincite).

Hyalite, or Muller’s glass, is a colorless, transparent, jelly-like variety, usually occurring in botryoidal masses. Semi-opal is an impure variety of opal. When opal is mingled with agate or jasper it is called opal-agate or opal-jasper ; opalized wood is the name used when opal-silica, as a fossilizing agent, replaces wood; hydrophane is a variety that becomes transparent, and sometimes shows a play of colors, on being wet; and moss-opal is opal containing dendritic or moss-like markings, due to mi- nute crystalline enclosures of oxide of manganese or of iron.

Opal is mined in a number of States of the Mexican Eepub- lic, notably in Queretaro, Hidalgo, Guerrero, Michoacan, Ja- lisco and San Luis Potosi. The most extensive and important are those in Queretaro, at and near La Esperanza; but those

Gems Ais'B Precious Stones Oe Mexico.

at Zimapaiij in Hidalgo, have been known for a much longer time. In Guerrero, the chief localities are at Huitzuco and San Mcolas del Oro, where the material is described as trans- parent, streaked with red, green and blue. Magnificent gems have been obtained from this State ; and one opal mine-owner in Mexico is said to export thence from §10,000 to §12,000 worth yearly.

The Hidalgo opals have been referred to as the first that attracted extensive notice. Del Kio mentions that in 1802, in Zimapan, near the sanctuary of Guadalupe Hidalgo, hyacinth- red fire-opals were found in abundance in a red trachytic por- phyry; the same variety is mentioned by Sonnenschmidt as occurring in the mine of Toliman, in a trachytic conglomerate. John Mawe, in his work on precious stones, published in 1812, mentions these opals as having been sent to England in quanti- ties at that time. The fire-opal still occurs in its greatest per- fection in the porphyritic rocks at Zimapan. It is generally of translucent hyacinth-red or topaz color, and sends forth gleams of fiery carmine-red, with more or less intense yellow and green reflections. When these opals are still in the compact red porphyry, they form objects of remarkable beauty, the flashes of red, green, yellow and blue color intermingling as the light falls on them. A beautiful opal from this locality, exhibited by the Mexican Commission at the Centennial Expo- sition at Philadelphia in 1876, was very greatly admired by visitors. Later, it went into the Leidy collection ; then into the Lynde collection ; and it is now in the Tiffany collection, Field Columbian Museum, Chicago.

An opal from Zimapan was analyzed by Klaproth, with the following results :

Silica, 92.00

Peroxide of iron, 0.25

Water, 7.75

Total, 100.00

The most extensive opal-mining, however, is in the State of Queretaro, where large quantities are produced and cut an- nually. The process of cutting is primitive and slow; but many opals are cut in a day upon common grindstones and polished upon wooden wheels, the stones being very soft. They vary

aiMS A]<fD PKECIOUS STONES OE MEXICO.

greatly in quality, and values range from 1 cent to $100 (Mexi- can) per specimen; $200, $500, and even $1000 has been paid for the finest found. The ordinary grades are very cheap, owing to the fact that they are either penetrated with cracks, or are liable to lose their color ; nor are the stones of fine quality free from the risk of cracking, or of losing their play of color, especially after the lapse of time. But this subject will be considered more fully below.

In 1890, the writer visited the opal-mines of Esperanza, ten leagues northwest of San Juan del Bio, in Queretaro. They are very extensive, having been traced over a district thirty leagues long and twenty leagues wide. They were discovered in 1855, by a farm-laborer, on the landed estates on which they are situ- ated; but it was 1870 before a settlement was made on the edge of the mountain Ceja de Leon, by Josb Maria Siurob, near the present mine of Santa Maria Iris.’ In 1873, Dr. Mariano de la Barcena made a special report on this opal-dis- trict, in which he states that he has discovered ten veins, or

mines. He says :

‘‘The opals of Esperanza are found forming chains more or less regular, on the banks of porphyry in quartz, which forms its base, or disseminated through the mass of the same rock. Veins (.e., dikes) of porphyry are met with in reg- ular banks, which in many cases preserve the same direction as on the hill of Ceja de Leon, southeast to northwest. The porphyry is a grayish-red color, . , . changing to reddish-white on the surface where it is altered. The aspect of the porphyry indicates generally the kind of opal it contains. Where the rock is brick-red in color, hard and compact, the varieties with a fiery-red color abound, also the tints combined with red, formed from different changeable colors, or rather a mixture of colors. Where the porphyry is paler and mottled, noble opals are found more abundantly, notably in the mines situated on the hill of Peineta.”

These mines are remarkable for the richness and variety of their product. In a single piece of rock from the Simpatica mine, Dr. Barcena found four kinds — noble opal, fire-opal, har- lequin and leehosos. Clear opals, with little fire, are abundant and cheap. The Jurado, the author found, had been exca- vated for some hundreds of feet in length and 100 ft. in width to 150 ft. in depth, at which level the porphyritic rock abounds in common opal and opal silica. The noble opals at Esperanza are remarkable for the extent and intensity of their reflections. The harlequin opals are noted for the diversity and the small

Gems And Precious Stones Of Mexico.

size of tlieir colored spots, wliich resemble beautiful miniature mosaics. One of the most pleasing varieties lias a play of red fire, like those from Zimapan, mingled with flashes of brilliant metallic emerald green, and occasionally a violet-blue of re- markable, intensity. One of the red varieties from the Eosario mine, on the hill of Jurado, has a violet-blue reflection of pecu- liar beauty, and the same mine has produced a variety with a metallic emerald-green and a dark ultramarine color combined, or rather showing one after the other. The lecfmos opals, as those with the red and green reflections are called in Mexico, are very common on the hill of Peineta, and less plentiful in the other mines of Queretaro. Other localities reported in the same State occur on the Batan, Gallindo and Lallare properties, in the district of Amealo. Those in the State of Guerrero have already been referred to. In San Luis Potosi,' both common and fire-opal have been observed on the ridge of Mount Mez- quitic, and at one or two other points.

Most of the cutting is done in the city of Queretaro, some 75 miles from the Esperanza mines. The miners receive an average of twenty-three cents per day for their labor. Thou- sands of opals are sold every year to visitors and tourists in the cities of Mexico and Queretaro, and at railroad stations in Mexico, IS’ew Mexico, Arizona and Texas, while many thou- sands of the poorer grade of handsom'e stones are exported to Germany, to be mounted in cheap jewelry. The poor stones often sell at from to $10 a hundred.* Fine stones, rarely o-r never sold or even shown to tourists, sell for $10, $50, $100, or $500; and even $1000 has been paid for a single stone, hfotwithstanding the great beauty of the Mexican stones, they suffer under two disadvantages. Much of the noble .variety occurs only in thin layers, between or upon bands of common opal with little or no fire. Often half or two-thirds of a cavity containing this variety is filled with these layers or bands,, like those in an agate, sometimes no thicker than a

It is a frequent practice of dealers to keep poor opals immersed in oil and water for long periods, and to take them out only when a buyer presents himself. The temporary brilliancy and play of color, thus imparted, disappears with the evaporation of the absorbed moisture. Very poor opals are often soaked in oil, and then oil is burned on them. This causes them to crack and to absorb the burnt oil — the result being ‘ black ” opals, which possess enhanced brilliancy, but little strength or durability.

Vol. Xxxii. — 5

66 CtSMs Am PEiscious stones of Mexico,

slieet of paper. Frequently the upper layer consists of hyalite, a colorless, jelly-like form, showing no play of color; or there is a brilliant hut very thin layer of opal, not thick enough to he polished. These cavities often contain, also, circular crystals of rutile, which penetrate the opal; and this is possibly the coloring-matter of the yellow and red varieties.

The other disadvantage is the one already briefly mentioned, namely, a liability, real or supposed, to lose color, in a longer or shorter time, under conditions that are not well understood. In this respect the Mexican noble opals are inferior to those of Hungary and of Australia, which do not appear to have this defect. Although the reports are perhaps exaggerated, there is no doubt that such a loss does occur at times. It is specially noted in the colorless fire-opal variety (which seems to be as sensitive as it is gorgeous), and in the flame-opal; and it is fre- quent in the poorer and cracked varieties, which, for this reason, are sold very cheap. The report prepared by the Mexican Commission at the Paris Exposition of 1900 says that in 1891, at some localities not specified, in the States of Michoacan, Guerrero and Queretaro, opals of unusual hardness and notably free from this tendency were discovered. Such a discovery, if confirmed by further development, will have much interest, from both the scientific and the practical standpoint.

The whole subject of* this loss of color, etc., long so perplex- ing, and of so much importance in connection with these beau- tiful gems, has resolved itself into the fact that opals contain- ing from 5 to 10 per cent, of water (supersaturated silica, as it were) have gradually dried out and cracked. These were nearly always colorless, with large flames. In other varieties, containing 5 per cent, or less of water, this defect has rarely been manifested. The change sometimes occurs without ap- parent cause, and has been attributed to variations of the weather in temperature and moisture. But stones have been known to lose their brilliancy even when apparently removed from the influence of atmospheric changes, as when wrapped in paper and placed in a jeweler’s safe or in a collector’s cabinet

Some years ago our late President and fellow-member. Prof. Egleston, the founder of the Columbia School of Mines, and recognized as an expert collector and judge of minerals and

Ge.Ms Anb Precious Stoaes Op Mexico.

gems, possessed a small glass bottle, filled with cut opals of ex- treme beauty. He said that they had been given to him by a prominent jewelry firm in Hew York as entirely worthless, hav- ing completely lost their color ; that he took them as specimens simply, and placed them in his cabinet, where, after awhile, they had recovered all their former brilliancy and fire. The only explanation that he could suggest was that the basement- room in wdiich his cabinet stood might have been somewhat more damp than the store from which the opals had been brought. It is certain, however, that the room was not so damp as to render it unpleasant or unsafe ; and the change as to moisture must have been but slight. It would be interesting to know what was the subsequent behavior of the same stones ; but on this point we have no information. Keeping opals in oil prevents their cracking by preventing their drying.

Probably the widespread superstition which once prevailed, but has now almost, if not entirely, disappeared, as to the opal being an unlucky ’’ stone, may have originated from circum- stances of this kind.

On the other hand, many opals are as enduring as could be desired. Perhaps the most celebrated Mexican opal is the one sold some years ago in the collection of the late Philip Henry Hope, now in the Tiffany collection, Higinbotham Hall, Field Columbian Museum, Chicago. It is a fire-opal, or sun-opal,’ carved with the head of the Mexican sun-god, and is believed to have been taken from a temple. It has been known since the sixteenth century, and brought £262 sterling at the sale of the Hope jewels in London in 1886.* A remarkable fire-opal, brought from Mexico by Alexander von Humboldt, is pre- served in the Mineralogical Museum at Berlin. In these nota- ble instances, as in countless others, there seems to have been no deterioration.

The Spanish historians, in their marvelous' tales of the won- ders seen in Mexico at the time of the Conquest, describe the image of the mystic deity, Quetzalcoatl — god of the air — on the great pyramid of Cholula, as wearing a mitre ’’ or head-dress waving with plumes of fire. This effect is supposed to have been produced by masses of mosaics of fire-opal. The concep-

Catalogue, Hope Collection, pi. xxxi., Fig. 3, p. 3. London, 1839.

Gems And Peecious Stones Oe Mexico.

tioii is splendid, and as characteristic of Aztec art as the mar- relous golden image of the snn, encrusted with “ emeralds ” (evidently green jadeite), facing and refleeting the morning rays on the wall of the temple of the sun at Cuzco, was character- istic of the Inca art of Peru.

Beautiful exhibits of Mexican opals have been made at the recent World’s Fairs, from the time of the Centennial down to the present. At the Paris Exposition of 1889, the fire-opals and noble opals shown by the Mexican Commission — particu- larly one large specimen with superb pink flame — attracted much attention. One very remarkable specimen from the Iris mine, Queretaro, has been described by the writer. It was a nodular mass, as large as a hen’s egg, of fire-opal, in trachyte, and was penetrated by yellow, polished and iridescent acicular crystals. It is not certain what these were, but they were apparently rutile. The specimen is in the Harvard University collection.

Some of the mixed varieties of Mexican opal, although not suitable for cutting into gems, have fine possibilities as orna- mental materials of great elegance. Such is a beautiful variety of opal-agate, found in the State of Jalisco, in which pink, yellow and green, especially of the softer shades, occur together, blended and veined in the most pleasing manner. It exists in considerable quantity, and is valued as a decorative stone for metal-work or jewelry.

Chalchihuitl was the name, celebrated in Mexican archseology, applied to certain green stones, capable of high polish, which were carved into various ornamental forms, and very highly valued. There has been much mystery and much discus- sion as to what this precious material really was, and whence it was obtained. It seems evident that several minerals were included under this name — among them a green quartz or prase, some of the deeper green varieties of tecalo or Mexican onyx (so-called), and probably turquoise; but the precious chalchi- huiil has now been proved to be jadeite, a stone which has pos- sessed a singular charm for many aboriginal peoples in widely separated parts of the globe, but which, for some reason, has not so much attracted the notice or the taste of the “ historic races.”

When attention began to be drawn, some thirty years ago, to the turquoise mines near Santa Fe, Hew Mexico, the eminent

Gems Axd Precious Ston-Rs Of Mexico.

geologist and explorer, Prof. ‘William P. Blake, noting the evi- dences of ancient workings at those mines, and the traditions still preserved among the native tribes of the region as to the sacredness of the stone and its association with Montezuma, felt assured that here was the solution of the chalchihuitl mys- tery. The stone must be no other than turquoise ; and here were the evidences of its long-lost source. At first sight this view was highly satisfactory, and it was widely accepted; but later investigation has not confirmed it, except in part. Two objections are conclusive : (1) that turquoise never occurs in masses of sufiicient size to make objects like many of the chalchi/ndtis ; (2) that the ancient Mexican tribute-rolls distinctly show that chalchihuitl was a product of southern Mexico — the region between the capital and Central America. To set at rest all questioning, moreover, chemical analysis proves that the real chalchihidil is not turquoise, but jade.

Under the name jade, however, are included two minerals, nephrite and jadeite, closely similar in appearance and proper- ties, which were separated by Damour in 1865. Jadeite is a silicate of alumina and soda, classed in the pyroxene group by mineralogists, while nephrite is a variety of amphibole or hornblende, a silicate of alumina, lime and magnesia.

In Mexico and Central America jadeite only is found, not nephrite, while among the jades of the northwest coast of America and Siberia, in Hew Zealand and Oeeanica, jadeite has not yet been recognized. The Mexican jadeite has been treated of by Damour;* and a number of specimens in the United States National Museum have been described by Clarke and Merrill in their article On Nephrite and J adeite.’t These specimens vary widely in color, from light to dark and from dull to bright greens (some plain and some mottled), and from translucent to opaque, but agree closely in their specific gravi- ties, which were carefully taken by Dr. William Hallock, and are all above 3. Those that were analyzed gave very nearly the regular composition of jadeite, a silicate of alumina and soda.

The Central America series of jades in the same collection are mostly from Costa Rica, with some from Guatemala and

BvU. SociM Mineralogique, iv., 157.

t Proc. U. S. Nat Muamm, xL, 1888, pp. 121-125.

Gems Anb Precious Stones Oe Mexico.

Nicaragua. They also are principally true jadeite, with den- sity above 3 ; though some appear to be green quartz (resem- bling prase), and others, of much less hardness and density, are indeterminate minerals of various kinds. No nephrite is recog- nized among them. The same variations in color, etc., appear in these as in the Mexican jadeites.

In thin sections under the microscope the jadeites present a distinctly crystalline, or granular-crystalline, texture, in which sometimes the cleavages, and even the crystal-angles, can be recognized : from these the pyroxene character of the mineral is definitely traceable. The nephrite jades, on the other hand, show a minutely fibrous, scaly and lamellar structure vfhen magnified. There are, however, intervening types; and the structure alone may not in every instance be relied upon to distinguish the two species.

Nephrite is in some cases a secondary mineral, arising from the alteration of pyroxenes into hornblendes (the change called uralitization) ; and hence, as Clarke and Merrill suggest,* it may be well said that a “true nephrite may grade into a granular diopside rock resembling jadeite,” accordiiig as the change has advanced more or less. But the density of nephrite is always below 3, and that of jadeite always above 3.

The name jade is from the Spanish de Mojada, or “ stone

of the loins ” ; it is first mentioned under this name in the writings of Monardas in 1565, and had been brought from Mexico and Peru with this designation, arising from its sup- posed efficacy in diseases of the loins and kidneys. This idea entered into all the nomenclature of these allied stones ; the Spanish term was used in its Latin form, lapis nephritieus, by Clutius in 1627; Linnaeus called it talcum, nephritieum in 1768 ; and Werner gave it the mineralogical form nephrit in 1780. The Germans named it Merenstein a,n(i Bdlstein ; the Prench, pierre nepb'itique, with other familiar variations.

It is evident that the ehalcMhuiil stone was highly prized among the natives in various ways. Besides its reputation for curative or preventive power against certain forms of disease, it was valued for its beauty of color in the finer varieties, and was carved into objects of ornament. It seems also to have

Loc. city p. 129.

Gems Axb Pkecious Stones Of Mexico.

possessed some kind of mystic saeredness, religious or ancestral, like that attached to turquoise by the traditions of Montezuma and the ancient turquoise mines, which still linger among the native tribes of i 7 ew Mexico and Arizona. How far these ideas were blended, or what connection existed between them, it is impossible to determine. The curative powers may have been ascribed to some deity to whom the stone was sacred, and the wearing of beads or of carved amulets may have been partly religious and partly sanitary in motive, while finer specimens and rarer varieties may have been reserved as the special pre- rogative of royal or sacerdotal chieftains, and worn as insignia of exalted rank.

When we consider how superstitious were the Europeans of the 16 th and 17 th centuries, it seems also possible the voyagers, adventurers and sailors who brought home the jadeite as loot, originated its supposed virtues in their fertile brains, to enhance its value for gift or for sale, even though the natives never at- tached such properties to the mineral.

Many specimens of carved jades were brought over early to Spain ; but it is probable that the most remarkable were lost. Wonderful tales were told of the carved articles of emerald’’ belonging to Montezuma, including a goblet and a rose,” which were shipped by Cortez to the King of Spain, among the choicest treasures of the conquest. Unfortunately the ves- sel that bore them foundered at sea, and these unique works were forever lost. It is impossible that they can really have been of emerald, as that gem scarcely occurs in Mexico at all. They were probably chalchihuitls of peculiar richness of color, and constituting, doubtless, both in material and in workman- ship, the finest products of Aztec art.

The most remarkable specimens now known of jadeite from Mexico are chiefly carved masks or pendants or celts or adzes, these latter also being often carved and elaborately ornamented, showing that they were insignia of rank, and. not implements for use. Many of them retain on the back or sides portions of original rounded surfaces, proving that they were made from boulders. In several instances, large pieces have been reduced by cutting out smaller portions from the back, leaving the carved face uninjured — thus indicating either increasing scar- city of high-priced material, which induced the removal of su-

Gems Precious Stones Oe Mexico.

perfluous portions to make new objects, or perhaps some pecu- liar tradition or superstition, attributing special sacredness to pieces once belonging to some deceased chieftain, which might be perpetuated to his successors hy bestowing on them parts thereof, while the main original was buried with its possessor.

The Kunz ” jadeite adze in the American Museum of Nat- ural History, York City, which has been described by the writer, is believed to be the largest known. On its face is carved a grotesque human figure ; and, for so hard a material, the workmanship is excellent. It is said to have been found about 1869, in Oaxaca. It measures 272 mm, (10.13 in.) in length, 153 mm. (6 in.) in wudth, and 118 mm. (4.63 in.) in thickness, and weighs 229.3 Troy ounces. Across the ears it is 158 mm. (6 in.): across the lower axe-end, 82 mm. (3.25 in.); the height of the head down to the neck is 158 mm. (6.25 in.); the height from chin to foot, 115 mm. (4.5 in.), and the length of the legs 50 mm. (2 in.). Erom the back a piece about 160 mm. (6.5 in.) long and 50 mm. (2 in.) wide has been removed.

The color is light grayish green with a tinge of blue, and streaks of almost emerald-green on the back. In style of or- namentation it very closely resembles a gigantic adze of granite, 57 eentim. long and 34 wide, mentioned by A. Chavero ; and it has almost a counterpart in a green aventurine quartz ade, now forming part of the Christy collection at the British Museum, and formerly in the possession of Percy Doyle, Esq., of the British diplomatic service. It differs from these two objects, however, in having no ornamentation on the forehead, and in having four dull markings on each ear, one under each eye, and one near each hand, which seemingly could have served no other purpose than to hold thin plates or films of gold, which the polished surfaces would not do. If this was so, no trace of the gold can now be seen. From all appear- ances, this adze was shaped from a boulder, since weathered surfaces, such appear on all sides of it, would be found only on an exposed fragment. The dull markings show a tiger’s or serpent’s head on the brightly polished human face. The lapidarian work on this piece is probably equal to anything that has been found, and the polish is as fine as that of modern times.

A feature of great interest is the removal from the back of

Gems And Precious Sto:S"Es Of Mexico.

two portions, which must have weighed fully 2 lbs. Why was this done ? Similar removals and divisions have been men- tioned in other cases. In a paper read April 27, 1881, before the American Antiquarian Society, Philip J. J. Valentini de- scribed two carved jadeites which showed similar treatment. One was the Humboldt celt, a votive adze presented to Hum- boldt by Del Eio in 1803, and the other the so-called Leyden plate, which was found by S. A. von Braam near San Felipe, in Honduras, near the borders of Guatemala, and given by him to the Leyden museum. These objects are 9 in. long and 3.25 broad; the former being 1.4 in. and the latter 0.6 in. thick. (The fact that the two, if placed together, face to face, corres- pond exactly in outline, makes it highly probable that they were originally part of one and the same celt; and it is quite possible that the remaining parts may yet be found.) In 1886 Professor Frederick W. Putnam exhibited before the same so- ciety a remarkable series of Mcaraguan and Costa Pican jade- ites, which were all ornaments, and showed that they had been made by cutting celts, which had been perforated by one or two drilled holes, into halves, thirds and quarters. In one in- stance two of them fitted together. The explanation suggested was that, the supply of the material having become exhausted, recourse was had to division, or the removal of a part from ex- isting articles for the purpose of making others, perhaps to be buried with some dead chief, or to be bestowed as sacred treas- ures on new branches of the tribe.

Fully one-eighth has been thus removed from the back of this adze; and the manner in which the instrument used in its re- moval was held has produced a rounded cut on each side, lend- ing probability to the supposition that some abrasive was em- ployed, drawn with a string held in the hands, or stretched across a bow. If the Aztecs knew of the existence of corun- dum, we can better understand how they worked so large a mass of tough and hard material. But corundum is hardly known in Mexico ; and it may be remembered that the Hew Zealand Maoris cut and carved their jade articles by means of thin slabs of hard, gritty, fine-grained sandstone.

So far as the writer has been able to learn, no similar object of equal magnitude and archaeological interest exists. The next most important specimen is a large jadeite celt, described

Gems And Precious Stones Of Mexico.

by Dr. A. B. Meyer as belonging to the Royal Ethnological Museum at Dresden. This, however, weighs only 7 lbs., and is wholly devoid of ornamentation. Ror will the Humboldt celt or the Leyden plate, above referred to, compare with it at all.

Various other jadeite articles of similar character have been exhibited and described, but many of them, like some of those already referred to, belong rather to Central America than to Mexico, or else are of uncertain locality. Among the latter is a curious little mask, apparently representing the face of a crying child, exhibited in 1879 before the American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science by the late Mrs. Erminnie A. Smith,* noted for her studies in American ethnology.

The late Mr. George Squier, the eminent archaeologist, pos- sessed a number of finely carved chalehihidtlsf wLich he de- scribed and figured. Several of these were very brilliant in color, and might have been regarded by unskilled persons as carved, like the reputed treasures of Montezuma already men- tioned, from opaque emerald. To a considerable extent, more- over, they bore Maya, rather than Aztec, symbols.

It seems that the veneration of chalchihuitls extended through all Mexico, and Central America as well. The question, whence the material was obtained, is of great interest to archaeologists ; and its solution might bring into notice a beautiful ornamental stone for modern uses. As already remarked, jade has been prized and elaborately worked by many serni-civilized peoples, but never, until recent times, employed by the historic races. Yet its fine texture, its hardness, and the beautiful polish ’which it takes and retains, combined with its rich and delicate tints, and its translucency, render it a material of great possibilities. Only within a few years has the first attempt been made to utilize jade as a ‘'civilized’’ ornamental stone. This was done at the Paris Expositions of 1878, 1889 and 1900, in the remark- able exhibit of Siberian nephrite made by the noted Russian explorer, M. Alibert-t The display was one of extreme beauty

Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Science, 1879, vol. xxviii., p. 523. t Now in the Squier collection, at the American Museum 'of Natural History, New York city.

t The writer saw at the Imperial Lapidary Works, at Peterhoff, Russia, a can- opy of jade (nephrite) 15 ft. high, that was being made for Alexander HI.

Gems Precious Stones Op Mexico.

and interest, and showed that this stone was ahnndaiitlj capable, at the hands of European artists, of yielding the finest results, equalling or surpassing the long-celebrated Chinese work. If the locality of the rich green chalchihuitls of Mexico and Cen- tral America could be found, and the material could be obtained in any useful quantity, it would be a beautiful addition to our ornamental stones, as well as an interesting discovery from the standpoint of science.

It is to be hoped that before many years this problem may be solved. Much of the carved Mexican material was evidently obtained from boulders and rolled pieces, carried down by streams from unknown localities in the mountains. But, in some instances, it seems that the ancient Mexicans must have known the mineral in place.

The whole situation is curiously parallel to that of the oce- anic jade’’ of hTew Zealand, where that substance, so much prized and venerated, was derived almost entirely from boulders in certain streams, and the actual places of occurrence were unknown, save perhaps as a secret to a very few.

A valuable and important paper has been published during the past year by the well-known archaeologist, Mrs. Zelia ISTut- tall, embodying the results of an extended investigation as to the probable sources of the jadeite, which appears so promi- nently in early Mexican documents. The chronicle of Tezo- zomoc relates the conquest of the southern tribes of Mexico by Ahuitzotl in 1497, and the terms granted by him to them, which comprised various forms of tribute — gold, skins, plumage and precious stones — first among which was named clialcUhuitl of all varieties. Twenty-two years later, at the time of the Spanish invasion, the tribute-roll of Montezuma gave full lists of towns from which chalcMhuitl was sent to the capital. A copy of this celebrated tribute-roll, sent by Cortez to Charles V., shows that a large number of places in the region of Ahuit- zotl’s victories, in southwestern Mexico, had continued this tribute down to Montezuma’s time, as had been done also by a number of other localities, not so near to the region named.

Mrs. ISTuttall undertook, by a close examination of these ancient lists of towns, to identify them, as far as possible, with existing localities. The lapse of four centuries, and the replace- ment of native by Spanish names, might seem to render this

Gems And Peecious Stones Of Mexico.

attempt well-nigli hopeless. But it is surprising how large a proportion of them are clearly recognizable — sometimes modi- fied, but often almost unchanged. Others, not yet identified, may possibly be traced hereafter by more minute local investi- gation. Mrs. hfuttall has employed the best and latest maps, and has carefully excluded all identifications that were at all doubtful.

On grouping these localities and studying their relation, they arranged themselves in an interesting manner. They all belong to a region extending from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, the scene of Ahuitzotl’s victories, southeastward through the State of Chiapas to the Pacific Ocean and the border of Guate- mala, and northwestward through the four States of Vera Cruz, Puebla, Oaxaca and Guerrero — the last three represent- ing the native province of Mixtecapan.

Tables of the ancient and modern names are given by dis- tricts, accompanied by maps on w-hich the identified points are marked. These very interesting maps show that the precious mineral was obtained at numerous places throughout a wide region. For the determination of actual sources, however, with a view to their rediscovery, the facts elicited are perplex- ing, from their very abundance. But there are some special indications that may well be followed up.

In Chiapas, 9 towns appear in Montezuma’s roll. Six of these are clearly identified, lying near the Pacific coast in the angle between it and the Guatemala line. A town inland, considerably northward of this group, and not named in the tribute-roll, bears to this day the name of Chalchihuitlan — the Gand of chalcMhuitV This region was not subdued by Ahuit- zoths conquest of Tehuantepec, and required a second expedi- tion to reduce it; but it finally became tributary on the same terms as the others. Here is apparently one district where the mineral could be found by sufficient search.

In the State of Oaxaca, or on the adjacent border of Vera Cruz, fifteen points are identified out of twenty-two in Monte- zuma’s list. Six are identified in points in Vera Cruz; with 6 others uncertain, but evidently not far distant. Several of these are near the Gulf coast and north of the latitude of Mexico City. Proceeding thence inland, the map of the State of Pueblo shows no less than 23 places identified. Two or three are in the north-

Gems And Precious Stones Of Mexico.

ern and southern portions of the State respectively, but most of them are grouped along the central zone lying between Orizaba on the east and Popocatepetl on the west, though tending rather southward of the latter, and passing over into the State of Guer- rero, where 6 towns are grouped in the northeastern portion. The center of this group of localities would lie on a meridian line passing through the City of Mexico, about half-way be- tween that city and the Pacific. This would appear to be an- other well-defined region where chalchihuitl must have occurred in place.

The Guerrero localities are inland. IsTone are noted in the coast-region. There are two quite near the coast in Oaxaca, west of the Bay of Tehuantepec; and the coast-group in Chiapas, already mentioned, lies southeast of that bay, suggest- ing a line of occurrences along the Pacific, interrupted by the depression of the bay.

Mrs. Nuttall gives, in conclusion, a farther list of those names of places in Mexico which apparently involve or include the word ehalchihuUL "While these are suggestive and interesting, they may not all be important; but the name Sierra de Chalchi- huites given to a small range of mountains in the State of Zac- atecas, near Sombrerete, and that of a mining town called Chalehihidtes, at the northern end of the same range, certainly offer striking intimations.

This investigation is highly creditable to Mrs. bTuttall, and wall undoubtedly stimulate and direct the search for jadeite, which evidently must occur at numerous points in Mexico, anciently familiar, but long forgotten and lost. Full geological investigation of the nature and distribution of the abundant crystalline rocks is the great desideratum for an intelligent further pursuit of this interesting inquiry.

A point not alluded to by Mrs. ITuttall, yet nevertheless of much significance, is the kind of material called for as tribute from four different sections : i.e.y whether “ beads, that is, peb- bles and rolled pieces, or larger single pieces, are specified. This point was noted twelve years ago by that eminent archse- ologist, the late Dr. D. G. Brinton, in discussing the tribute- roll in the Codex Mendoza, published in Lord Kingsborough’s Antiquities of Mexico’ (London, 1830). Examination showed that alPthe lists given in Mrs. I7uttall’s paper called

78 Gems And Precious Stones Of Mexico.

for strings of chaleMhuUl heads (one to five every six months), except ill one section, where three large pieces ” were also required. The map shows that half or more of the identified localities in this section were grouped along the border of Oaxaca and Vera Cruz, about equally distributed on either side. Here is a well-defined region, southeast of the City of Mexico, and not far from Vera Cruz, in which the mineral must certainly exist in place. Other localities, from which only beads ” were called for, were plainly along water- courses, where rolled pieces alone were found. In these cases the material may yet be traced up-stream to the sources whence it was brought down by natural agencies ; but these places were evidently unknown to the natives, then as now.

The region along the Oaxaca-Vera Cruz border, on the other hand, yielded larger pieces, doubtless from an actual oc- currence in place.

It is interesting to observe how closely the studies of Mrs. Nuttall, read with this clue, support the suggestions of Dr. Brinton as to the most promising region for search. The Codex Ifendoza calls for pieces, three every year, in addition to beads, usually from Tototepec, Chinantlan, and some other towns in Oaxaca, principally in the department of Vilalta, a region described as wild and mountainous, inhabited by the Mixe In- dians and the Chinantecas.* Dr. Brinton suggested that this district of Vilalta was the most promising in which to seek for jadeite in large pieces, or perhaps actually in place.

It may be added here that there is in the writer’s possession a rough piece of Mexican jadeite, fractured and sawed, not rolled, although it may have been broken from a boulder.

From the abundance of Central American specimens, it is apparent also that other chalchihuitl localities must exist, proba- bly all the way south to Costa Rica.

Some eminent students of archaeology have been inclined to believe that the jadeite objects found in the Hew World were not indigenous, but had been brought from Asia, where jade has been known, valued and wrought, from very ancient times. On this theory, supported by the supposed similarity between the Mayas and the ancient Burmese, the articles became evi-

Science vol. xiL, p. 168, Oct., 1888.

Gems And Peecioes Stones Oe Mexico.

denees of the Asiatic origin of the American peoples, or at least of trans-Pacific communication and commerce. The chief exponent of this theory was the late Dr, Heinrich Fischer of Freiburg, Baden, who devoted years to the study of the sub- ject.* The grounds for it, however, were slight; the main one being the fact that jade had long been familiar in eastern Asia, and had not been previously known in America. Stress was laid on the removal of portions of large objects to make smaller ones, as though the precious material was very limited in amount, and becoming exhausted; but it is not certain that this was the real reason for this practice. As noted above, it may have been entirely different, and connected with some re- ligious or ancestral tradition. Another argument was that the green jadeite of Burma, if heated, f assumes a brownish cast, such as appears in some American examples, presumably also from heating. But this is merely a presumption; and the fact that the green color of many silicates is due to protoxide of iron, which is altered to sesquioxide by heat, and then becomes brown, are enough to dispose of this scanty foundation for so important a theory.

In the same way the nephrite jade of Alaska was at first at- tributed to Siberian sources ; but some years ago it was defi- nitely determined to be of American origin.

On the other hand, Dr. A. B. Meyer, Director of the Eth- nological Museum at Dresden, and other foreign students of the subject, opposed the views of Fischer, and argued from various premivses for the indigenous character of the American jadeite.

More recently, the whole subject has been very thoroughly reviewed by Professors F. W. Clarke and George P. Merrill, of the United States National Museum. J The great collection of that museum contains a fine series of jadeite objects from Mexico, mostly from the State of Oaxaca, together with a num- ber from Central America, the choicest of which are from Costa Hica. In summing up their conclusions, these writers find that the articles probably came from a number of locali-

Muhlenpfordt, Schilderung der Repuhlik M&x/ico Yol. ii., p. 213. t In Burma, jadeite is mined by “fire-setting;” and in New Mexico tur- quoise was mined in the same way.

t “On Nephrite and Jadeite,” Proc. U, S, Nat, Museum vol. xl. (1888), p. 115.

.Oems And Precious Stones Of Mexico.

ties, and are of no value whatever in tracing the migrations or the intercourse of races; that these minerals are not uncom- mon in metamorphic rocks, and hence are liable to occur wherever such rocks abound; so that their presence has no more significance as to tribal movements or aboriginal trade than pieces of graphite would have. The natives required and valued a hard, tough mineral, capable of receiving and retain- ing a sharp edge for adzes or celts, or a high polish for orna- ments ; and they utilized it wherever it was found.

As to the various stones included under the name of elial- chihuitl the following points may be noted in concluding this discussion :

The identity of jade with chalchihuitl was first suggested in 1866 by Prof. Raphael Pumpelly, in his Geological Researches in China.”' In 1883, as already noted, Prof. William P. Blaket had identified chalchihuitl with the ISTew Mexican tur- quoise, and proposed the mineralogical name chalchihuitl for the bluish-green variety. Certain it is, however, that although turquoise was doubtless included under chalchihuitl and, per- haps, was regarded as a specially choice variety, it formed but a part of the material so designated by the Aztecs. The tur- quoise is never found in pieces of large size ; it was used in the form of small beads, usually cylindrical, and for inlaying and encrusting various ornaments. In some cases skulls J are thus overlaid with a sort of mosaic pavement of turquoise. Such specimens may be seen in the British and Vatican mu- seums in Europe, as well as masks and small animal figures. The early Spanish writers of the time of the Conquest refer frequently to turquoise, and identify it with chalchihuitl as a ma- terial greatly valued by the natives. Some of the presents made of this material, and sent by Montezuma, through Cortez, to the Emperor Charles V., are believed to be now among the crown-jewels of Spain. Coronado, in 1540 and 1541, and Eriar Marco de Hica, who traveled through Hew Mexico in 1539, made frequent references to turquoise. It is said that the insurrection of the natives which led to the driving out of the Spaniards in 1556 was caused by their resistance to forced labor in the turquoise-mines.

Smithsonian Contributions, xv., 118.

t Am. Jour. Sd., 24 ser., xxv., 227, 1858 ; 3d aer., xxv., 197, 1883. t Am. Jour. Sd.j 2d ser., xxv., 227, 1858 j x3d aer., xv., 197, 1883.

Gems Anb Precious Stones Of Mexico,

The fact seems to be that the chalchihuiil so highly prized was jadeite in southern Mexico and Central America, and turquoise in northern Mexico and Ifew Mexico. Each species is a green mineral, and was greatly valued, and made a matter of tribute to the crown ; but the jadeite, as we have seen, is confined to the region south of the capital, while the turquoise is unknown there, but occurs at a number of localities in the territory acquired by the United States after the Mexican war. Not only the mines at Los Cerrillos, near Santa Fe, but every other locality discovered (and there are now a number y, bear conspicuous traces of long and laborious working, in ancient times, by the crude methods of stone tools and fire, which the writer observed at Los Cerrillos.* It is thus abundantly proved that the turquoise was highly valued and largely used.

On the other hand, the evidence that the ehalchihuitl of southern Mexico was jadeite has already been sufficiently dwelt upon. Nowhere, indeed, this mineral regularly mined, like the turquoise of the northern region. Most of the material produced consisted of rolled boulders ; and although, as we have seen, the exceptional requirement, for tribute, of pieces, in distinction from beads (lA., pebbles and boulders), points to a district on the border of Oaxaca and Vera Cruz, where it must probably have been found in place, the actual localities of such occurrence were generally unknown.

Other minerals, similarly used and designated, were : a green quartz, or prase ; a variety of lamellar serpentine ; some of the richer colored kinds of teeali or Mexican onyx; and oc- casional undetermined materials of greenish color. It does not appear that the ancient Mexicans knew either malachite or chrysocolla, which would have made chalchihuitls of surpassing elegance. Had they discovered these beautiful minerals in copper-mines like the Globe and Copper Queen of Arizona, which have yielded such magnificent specimens, they would have prized them above anything that they possessed, and would have carved them into objects of regal treasure.

Friar Bernardino de Sahagun, in his Hisioria de Neva Uspana (lib. ii., chap. 8), says that chalchihuiil was a general term for choice green stones in one of the nahuail (Mexican) languages.

See Oems and Precious Stones of North America pp. 63-66.

Vol. Xxxii. — 6

Gems And Pbeciods Stones Oe Mexico.

Any sneli mineral, somewhat translucent, and capable of tak- ing a high polish, was highly esteemed. He gives the follow- ing varieties, distinguished by descriptive adjectives, in the native speech :

Iziac chalchihidtl (white ehalcMIiidtC), of a fine green, quite translucent, without stripes or stains.

Quetzal ehalchihuitl (precious chalchihuitl) ; white, with much transparency, and a slight greenish tinge, somewhat like jasper.

Tlilavotie, literally “ of a blackish watery color ” ; with min- gled shades of green and black, partially transparent.

literally “ Toltec knife” or “ Toltec obsidian ” ; of a clear, translucent green, and very beautiful.

It is evident that the first is the so-called Mexican onyx, or Tecali marble, which exists in Tecali in veins, and is in reality an aragonite stalagmite. Great quantities of it were made into figures, ornaments, and beads, which are found all the way from northern Mexico down to Oaxaca. This so-called onyx is extensively quarried to this day, forming one of the richest ornamental stones (see Mexican Onyx, above).

Various green stones known at present were used in consid- erable abundance in ancient Mexico. Among eight green ob- jects, sent to the writer at one time as jadeite, four were jade- ite ; one was laminated serpentine ; another, a greenish quartz ; and two a mixture of white feldspar and green hornblende. In a string of beads there were four pieces of true jade- ite ; but all the others were, like the jadeite beads, simply rounded pebbles, drilled from both sides; and there were nearly a dozen different substances in this string. The ques- tion is, were such pebbles a part of the tribute mentioned in the Code Mendoza f Similar strings of pale green pebble- beads were exhibited under the name of jadeite in the Blake collection in the Mexican section of the Department of Eth- nology, at the Buffalo Pan-American Exposition of 1901.

This confusion is not surprising. While no nation has used jade more extensively and for a greater period than the Chinese, yet it was only in 1865 that Damour isolated jadeite and nephrite as two forms of jade, and, still later, ehloromelanite from jadeite, as a variety containing more iron and heavier in specific gravity. The Chinese experts and art-lovers are often

Gems And Precious Stones Oe Mexico.

mistaken ; and a variety of green and white tough stones such as light green and dark green prase, bowenite, fibrolite, quartz- ite, and others, have been, and are still, mistaken by them for jade. It was only when exact scientific investigation came into play that the true facts about many supposed valuable pieces were known. But, on the other hand, it is surprising how the Chinese, the Swiss lake-dwellers and the ancient Mexi- cans, recognized correctly the water-worn, iron-stained and ap- parently unrecognizable pebbles as jade or jadeite, whether they were selected for an art object, a celt or tool, or for an or- nament.

Obsidian . — Strictly speaking, obsidian, or volcanic glass, could scarcely be considered as a precious stone ; yet in Mexico it has been used in so many ways, has been so beautifully worked, that to omit it from this paper would be to ignore an ornamental material which figured more largely in ancient Mexican art than even jadeite.

This mineral, frequently found in connection with volcanoes and igneous outflows, is not a distinct species, but a peculiar glassy and non-crystalline form, assumed by several varieties of igneous rocks, rapidly cooled from the molten state. In such conditions, it seems that there has not been time for the process of crystallization to take place, and the result is this glassy modification. The same thing is often seen in furnace- slags.

The name is a nahuatl (aboriginal Mexican) one; and the substance is abundant at various points in Mexico and the west- ern IJnited States — for instance, at the obsidian cliff,’’ a marked feature in the Yellowstone Park, and many localities ill California, Yevada, and the Gila region in Arizona. It was a favorite stone among the Aztecs, and was mined extensively in Mexico for a great many purposes, both useful and orna- mental. It could be “flaked” into knives and many other implements, with sharp cutting edges ; and it could also be brilliantly polished. The knives used by the Aztec priests in their terrible rites of human sacrifice at the pyramids of the Sun and Moon at San Juan Teotihuacan, a short distance from the City of Mexico, were keen-edged obsidian flakes, of which great quantities are found near these pyramids. Similar imple- ments, fragments, and the “cores” that were left when a mass

Gems And Pbecious Stones Of Mexico.

had been flaked down as far as practicable, are abundant throughout Mexico, especially around ancient village-sites, and may be seen in almost any archeeological collection.

Obsidian is generally velvety black, but varies to gray, and sometimes presents reflections of different tints — reddish- greenish, bluish, silvery or golden. It frequently contains multitudes of minute crystals, which yield these various reflec- tions ; and then the mineral may present a double color, black in one direction and golden chatoyant in another, usually at right angles to the black ; giving, when properly cut, a '' cat’s- eye effect, and forming the obsidian cat’s-eye.

It occurs at many Mexican localities, such as Tulanango, in the State of Hidalgo; near the village of Magdalena, in Ja- lisco; at Cadereita Mendez, in Queretaro; at IJeareo,Benjamo; and on the Pateo property, in Michoacan. But the chief lo- cality, noted for its extensive ancient mines, is the Cerro de IS'avajas, or ‘‘Hill of Knives,’’ on the Guajalate estate, near Pachuca, in the State of Hidalgo, northeast from Mexico City. This was the principal source of the material so largely employed for knives, arrow-points, spear-heads, masks, mirrors, and various objects of ornament."

For the first precise description of these mines we are in- debted to Edward B. Tylor,t who visited that interesting spot in 1856, while traveling through Mexico in company with Mr. Christy. Besides many facts relating to the archeology and ethnology of Mexico, this writer furnishes the best observations on Mexican obsidian. Of the mines, he says ;

Some of the trachytic porphyry which forms the substance of the hills had happened to have cooled, under suitable conditions, from the molten state into a sort of slag, or volcanic glass, which is the obsidian in question ; and in places this vitreous lava from one layer having flowed over another which was already cool, became regularly stratified. The mines were mere wells, not very deep, with horizontal workings into the obsidian, where it was very good, and in the thick layers. Bound about were heaps of fragments, hundreds of tons of them ; and it is clear, from the shape of these, that some of the manufacturing was done on the spot. There had been great numbers of pits worked, and it was from these little mines— wmto, as they are called— that we first got an idea how important an element this obsidian was in the old Aztec civilization. In excur- sions made since, we traveled over whole districts in the plains, where fragments of these arrows and knives were to be found literally at every step, mixed with fragments of pottery, and here and there a little clay idol.’’

Humboldt refers to it in his Bsmi FoUtiquti mir le Boyaume de la JSfouvelle-M- pagne, voL ii. (liv. iii. ), p. 1 22.

t Anahuac, or Ifezieo and the Mezicam, Ancient and Modern. London, 1861.

Gems Asb Precious Stones Of Mexico.

This locality fariiished a large part of the obsidian so widely distributed throughout the whole Southwest. In Mexico and Central America implements and fragments abound every- where, indicating extensive traffic ; and at points like Tenoch- titlan (the modern City of Mexico) and Sail Juan Teotihuacaii, the refuse-heaps are black with thousands of pieces.

An interesting account of these great obsidian mines in the State of Hidalgo has been given recently by Prof. W. H. Holmes, of the United States hTational Museum. They are among the most remarkable and important of the prehistoric mines found in various parts of Jlorth America.

“Prof. Holmes, Prof. Gr. K. G-ilbert and Mr. W. W. Blake made the visit together. Leaving the railroad at Pachuca, the hacienda of the Guajalate estate is reached by a ride of 15 or 20 miles, and the mines themselves, several miles beyond, by a forest trail. They lie on the lower slopes of the Sierra de Las Navajas, or Mountain of the Knives. The slope is partly covered with long grass, partly with undergrowth, and partly with open pine woods ; and as tlie actual mines are reached the surface becomes exceedingly irregular and difficult to traverse, owing to the alternation of heaps and ridges of obsidian fragments and the pits and excavations whence they came, half-concealed in the long grass and underbrush.

“Prof. Holmes compares these workings with those at the two great flint quar- ries of North America — at Hot Springs, Ark., and Flint Kidge, Ohio — and esti- mates them as perhaps about equally extensive. They must have been exploited for a long period, as hundreds of acres have been worked over, and the ridges and depressions are practically continuous for 1 or 2 miles in length, and in some places for half a mile in breadth. There is no regularity whatever in their disposition j some are isolated pits, others coalesce and form half-continuous trenches over acres of ground. All are very fresh in appearance, although four centuries have passed since they were abandoned ; but obsidian is a material that does not weather or decompose, and the flakes and fragments are as sharp and clean as if perfectly fresh. The trenches rarely exceed 6 or 8 feet in depth, and the heaps and ridges are but little more in height ; but some of the excavations are like wells or pits, 15 or 20 feet deep, with vertical or overhangiog sides. Prof. Holmes surmises, from the quantity of debris piled in horseshoe-like mounds around them, that these may have led to oblique or horizontal tunnels of some length ; but it was not practicable to explore them for lack of tools.

“The material taken out from the ground must have been carried to certain points at hand ; there tested as to its quality ; and, if this proved good, trimmed into the cores that were taken away and widely distributed as an article of Aztec trade. The points where this testing and trimming were done are marked by immense piles of pure obsidian flakes and rejects, unmixed with any earth, and all perfectly sharp and fresh. The principal one of these heaps Prof. Holmes estimates to contain 20,000 to 30,000 cubic feet. It forms a long slope, with a flat top about 20 by 40 feet in area, where, doubtless, the workmen sat. Vestiges of rude stone buildings were recognized, one near this pile, and others lower on the slope of the hiU ; but all were reduced to low, ruined walls.

Gems And Eeeoious Stones Of Mexico.

“The actual occurrence of the obsidian itself was not seen. There was not visible outcrop, and the pits and trenches were so filled up below with fragments and debris that the material could not be observed in situ. It must occur almost immediately beneath the surface, in irregular beds or masses of considerable extent. Many of the fragments are of large size and quite homogeneous. The color is chiefly black, or nearly so, though some is found of a paler shade — greenish, with cliatoyant reflections. Plammer stones of tough lava, worn and battered by use, were the only tools or implements found. These were of two types, the larger ones discoidal or cheese-shaped, similar to JXorth American forms, and the smaller ones nearly globular. They must have been used for breaking larger and smaller masses of the obsidian, respectively, but cannot have been employed for any of the finer shaping or flaking.

“Prof. Holmes gave much attention to the ‘ cores ’ or nuclei so familiar in all Mexican archfeology as the source of the flaked knives and blades. The debris- heaps are full of these in an interesting form— cores roughly blocked out and then rejected as not valuable or satisfactory, owing to lack of homogeneity or of good flaking quality. Judging from those rejected, the average size must have been 4 or 5 inches in length and 2 to 4 in diameter. Larger ones are known, but are rare. They are rudely cylindrical or polygonal, and bear a few facets, made to test their quality. The number of better ones carried away must have been enormous.

“These nuclei were evidently distributed all over the country as the raw product of the mines, and were then worked up into all the forms of knives, razors, and other flaked implements, as well as those modified by chipping and shaping, as arrow-heads, scrapers, etc. The flaking was not done at the quarry, as the delicate edges would be liable to injury in transportation. The further history of a core is described and illustrated from abundant specimens by Prof. Holmes. The flaking was carried on upon any nucleus as implements were made from time to time, the size of the ‘core’ and the width of the flakes removed from it decreasing as the process went on. Whether the force was applied to the end of the nucleus by percussion or by pressure is not certain. Finally tlie core became so reduced that nothing more could be flaked from it, and these exhausted nuclei are common objects around old inhabited sites.”

Obsidian objects are occasionally found in the United States as far east as Ohio and Tennessee. But it is useless to specu- late as to their source, inasmuch as the distance from Central Ohio is about the same, — some 1700 miles, — to either the Yel- lowstone Park, the regions of the Gila, or ancient Mexican mines. Moreover, the number of such objects found east of the Mississippi is so small that little significance attaches to them.

The obsidian-work in ancient Mexico appears under three dis- tinct types,— flaked objects, chipped objects, and polished ob- jects. The knives, as already noted, were for the most part “ flaked,” by either pressure or percussion, from a mass, which finally became a “ core.” They are usually long, thin slips, with

CxiMS AXP PEECIOCS STONES OF MEXICO.

two parallel sides, exceeding! j sliarp-eclged, and blunt ends, tbo sides being generally somewliat curved on their surfaces. These were fastened into handles, probably of wood, by asphalt or some black cementing substance, traces of which may often be seen at one end of the razor-like blade.

For arrows or spear-heads, the flaked piece was subjected to a chipping process, to produce a point and to give symmetry of form. Sometimes they were very large, and must have re- quired a great amount of careful work. Two such blades or lance-heads 18 inches long, both Mexican, almost identical in form, and marvels of fine chipping, are preserved, one in the W. W. Blake collection, U. S. ISTational Museum, Washington, D. C., and the other in the Trocadero collection, at Paris. One or two similar examples, though not quite as large, were shown in the Mexican section in the Ethnology Building at the Buf- falo Pan-American Exposition of 1901.

The polished articles are objects of ornament, — mirrors, labrets and the like. Examples of these are to be seen in the National Museum at the City of Mexico; the U. S. National Museum ; the Trocadero collection at Paris ; the British Mu- seum ; and in all leading archaeological collections.

A number of the finest known mirrors and engraved plaques of obsidian are in the Trocadero museum. A square one from Texcoco, measuring 9.5 by 8.5 by 1.2 in. (24 by 21.6 by 3 cen- timeters), and a round one, convex on one side, from Oaxaca, 6.5 in. (16 centimeters) in diameter, are wonderful pieces of primitive stone-work. The one possessing the greatest archaeo- logical interest is the square plaque described by the director, Dr. E. Hamy, on which is the inscription, “ Ypanqueizalitzli 4 acaiV (Dec. 9, 1483, the date of the laying of the first stone of the Great Temple of Mexico). The polished carved figures are exceedingly interesting.

No modern lapidary can do finer work than is shown in some of these old Aztec articles of obsidian. In the City of Mexico, articles are now sometimes offered for sale as antiques which are unquestionably of modern manufacture. These are, in general, crudely carved ; and the polish is inferior to that of the ancient pieces. Among such imitations, the writer has ob- served dozens of masks of black obsidian with gray sheen, 8 in. high, and two figures of small animals, besides other minor articles.

Gems And Precious Stones Of Mexico.

A richly-mottled, red-and-hlaek, hroivn-and-blaek, or yello\r- and-hlack variety of obsidian, called marekanite, or “ mountain mahogany,” is found in the State of Jalisco, often in sufficiently large masses to be useful as a decorative stone, since it admits of high polish. Associated with it in considerable quantity are pearl-stone or sphierulite, which shows reddish-brown spherules in a gray matrix, and pitchstone, a related mineral, which has, however, the luster rather of pitch than of glass. Mineralogically, obsidian is, for the most part, orthoclase, or potash-felspar, while pitch-stone is nearer to oligoclase and albite, containing soda and lime in place of potash.

To sum up the results of this art, w’e have as the step of the lapidary process, “ flaking,” performed upon the won- derful obsidian, producing the flakes used as knives or razors. As the result of subsequent chipping, we have spears and knives, 14 inches in length, which are marvels of careful and patient work. Finally, as polished ornaments, we have labrets, or lip-ornaments ; rings, for the nose and ears; ornaments as well as mirrors that measure 2 ft. ; crosses, and other carved objects. The labrets are frequently as thin as paper, and pos- sess a faultless polish. There is in the Mexican ISTational Mu- seum a large figure of a monkey, some 8 in. across, worked out and down to the thinness of paper.

Pyrite {Iron Pyrites ; Iron Bisulphide ). — This mineral also was, to some extent, wrought by the ancient Mexicans into mirrors and other ornamental objects. The mirrors were generally convex on one side and polished flat on the other ; and the polish is frequently still retained and very brilliant when cleaned. The convex side was often curiously carved and decorated. There are numbers of these pyrite mirrors in the Trocadero (Paris) ; the U. S. Ifational (Washington) ; the Field Colum- bian (Chicago), and other museums, and our ex-president, Mr. John Birkinbine, possesses a very fine one. Among other objects, two are notable : (1) in the TJ. S. National Mu- seum (Blake collection), a human head, 2 in. high, into which have been inserted eyes of white chalcedony ; (2) in the Christy collection, London, two human skulls, encrusted with turquoise, in which the eyes are represented by polished balls of pyrite.

This iron bisulphide, though a very common mineral, is rarely found in masses pure and compact enough to be cut into

Gems Axb Peecious Stones Of Mexico.

such objects as those above described. There must have been in Mexico a locality where it so occurred, and perhaps might still be obtained ; but the place appears to have been entirely lost. I need hardly say that its rediscovery would be highly interest- ing to both arehgeologists and mineralogists.

Tecali, or Mexican Onyx . — This beautiful stone has been for some years past one of the most important mineral products of the Republic. It was carved by the Aztecs into a variety of objects, now to be seen in collections. The name tecali is that of its principal locality, and is itself a modification of the Mexican Teocali a temple, literally house of God,’’ like the Hebrew Beth-el. In 1876, the crude, rough stone commanded $50 per cub. ft. At present the same quantity is sold for, say, one- tenth of that price, or even less. "When first introduced into modern art, it was said to come from the vicinity of Puebla; but it is known to occur at several points — Tecali, Tehuaean, Etla, etc., — in the States of Puebla and Oaxaca, and also in Durango and Coahuila, where it has been more recently found. The magnificent specimens which surprised the world, when first shown at the U. S. Centennial in 1876, were even finer than those shown at the Paris Exposition of 1900. This Mex- ican onyx has been an important source of profit to Puebla and Oaxaca, and may become such to Durango and Coahuila, or some of the many other regions in Mexico which contain numerous eaves in limestone.

A few years ago, very fine material of this kind was discov- ered and worked at Rew Pedrara, in Lower California. The pink variety, here found, which is quite rare, was much ad- mired at the Chicago Columbian Exposition of 1893. But the locality appears not to be worked.

Mineralogically, this Mexican onyx is classed as an aragon- ite. Dr. Mariano Barcena, of the Mexican Commission to the Philadelphia Centennial of 1876, has published an account of its occurrence and chemical character. It is a carbonate of lime, containing small quantities of the oxides of iron and man- ganese, to which are due the variegated colors for which the rock is so much admired. The specific gravity, 2.9, shows that it is aragonite. As already remarked, it was extensively used by the ancient Mexicans, specimens of whose handiwork are preserved in our museums in masks, idols, and a variety of

GEMS AjSE precious STONES OP MEXICO.

Other 0 ‘bjects. The softness of the material (it can be readily carved with a knife) has tempted some of the modern Mexicans to imitate these ancient objects, in order to meet the demand of tourists ; and within the past ten years fully one hundred times as much Mexican onyx has been thus shaped and wrought as was ever used in ancient Mexico. The modern artists often present grotesque, fearful forms, which sell much better than the real antiques or simple copies of them.

This material is entirely stalagmitic in its formation, and carries. yellow-brown and red oxides of iron, deposited between layers of the aragonite. It is generally cut across the layers, and thus acquires a beautiful veined appearance. AVhen it is cut, however, parallel with the layers of deposition, a botryoidal structure is well shown, the mineral being so translucent that the colored markings resemble colored clouds. It is one of the most beautiful ornamental stones of any age, and has been used extensively for ornamental purposes in Europe, as well as in the United States, where it was first introduced about 1876. The natives in the vicinity of Puebla sell a great deal of it in the form of trays, crucifixes, reliquaries, inkstands, penholders, paper-folders, paper-weights, single fruits or bunches of fruit, fish, or other natural objects, which are skillfully carved, not only as to shape, but often with remarkably happy utilization of the colors in the stone. So great is the variety of tints in which the material is found, that there is scarcely a limit to its possibilities for such purposes. Bernardino de Sahagun refers to iztac chalcUhuitl white or fine green, and transparent, obtained from quarries in the vicinity of Tecalco, which Dr. Daniel G-. Brinton belives to be the modern Tecalco ; and the description and locality answer so well to those of our Mexican onyx,'’ that there can be little doubt that this stone is Sahagun’s iztao ehcdehihuitl.

In 1888, Mr. William Cooper, of Esperanza, discovered in the volcano of Zerapoatepetl, in southern Mexico, a deposit of a beautiful mineral, to which he gave the trade-name of mosaic agate," but which is really the same as Mexican onyx, or arag- onite — with this difference, however, that while the Mexican onyx is always veined or stratified, the new material is a brec- ciated or ruin "-aragonite. The original formation has evi- dently been entirely broken up, the fragments having been sub-

Gems And Precious Stones Oe Mexico.

sequently cemented together, and the crevices all filled with a new deposition of aragonite. In other words, a deposit of Mexican onyx wms fractured by some disturbance (probably volcanic), and later deposition of the same material has cemented it into its present form. Like the true tecali it is susceptible of a high polish, the difference between the two being that, in the mo- saic agate,” the straight bands of color characterizing the onyx ” aragonite have been broken up and disseminated in fragments throughout the mass, giving an even more pleasing and brilliant appearance. It can easily be cut into thin slabs, makes beautiful ornamental tops for tables and bureaus, and has also been cut into solid columns, and used for the pedestals of busts and statues. Lor some jeoxs, past, however, little has been heard of this promising material.

Geologically, the Mexican onyx-deposits are regarded as chiefly of Quaternary age, though those near Tehuacan, at San Antonio de las Salinas, in Puebla, are referred, with probabil- ity, to a late date in the Pliocene Tertiary.

A7nber , — For 15 or 20 years past, specimens of a remarkable amber have occasionally been brought by travelers from some locality in southern Mexico. The only information gained concerning it is that it is brought to the coast by natives, who say that it occurs in the interior so plentifully as to be used for making fires. It is rich golden-yellow in color, and, viewed in different positions, exhibits a remarkable fluorescence, similar to that of uranine, which it also resembles in color. A speci- men, lately belonging to Mr. Martins T. Lynde, but now in the Tiffany collection. Field Columbian Museum, measures 4 by 3 by 2 in., is perfectly transparent, and even more beautiful than the famous so-callel opalescent ” or green amber found in the Sicilian province of Catania. It would be extremely valuable in the arts, if it could be furnished in adequate and regular supply.

Amber was used as an incense by the Aztecs. Fragments have been found on the altars of ancient temples, and also in the Catholic churches in early Mexico. A small flat disk 1.5 in. in diameter, and engraved like the center of the Mexican Calendar-stoe,” is in the Field Columbian Museum, Chicago. Like the amber found in the Roman excavations, in Europe, it has a gray or. opaque outer coating, on a rich brown interior.

Gems And Precious Stones Oe Mexico.

Eesumb.

The following propositions comprise the conclusions which may he drawn from the foregoing pages, together with state- ments concerning gems, etc., not discussed, and, in the writer’s judgment, not needing to he discussed in this paper :

1. ISTo authentic record is known of the discovery of the diamond in any Mexican State.

2. Sapphire has been found in one instance, as specified on a preceding page.

3. Small emerald specimens, attributed to a locality in Guer- rero, are shown at the School of Mines in the City of Mexico.

4. Topaz, in a beautifully crystalline red variety (not yellow topaz, like that of Brazil) has been found at San Luis Potosi and in Durango.

5. Tourmaline has never been found in Mexico.

6. Turquoise is not known to-day as occurring in Mexico ; yet, in view of the considerable use of this stone by the Mexicans of pre-Columbian times, it must be considered as possible, at least, that localities containing it were once known, and may be hereafter re-discovered. Yet it is not impossible that tur- quoise was obtained by the ancient Mexicans through barter with the peoples to the north of their country.

7. The precious or noble ’’ opal is found in considerable abundance, but not often of the best quality and highest value as a gem, though, so far as beauty is concerned, the Mexican

fire-opal,” with its magnificent profusion and variety of color, rivaling the delicate splendor of the humming-bird, has never been surpassed by the opals from other parts of the -world. The disadvantages of the Mexican opals have been sufficiently discussed above.

8. Concerning other minerals already enumerated as used by the ancient Mexicans, such as the other quartz gems, pyrite and obsidian, it may be fairly said that, however interesting to archaeologists, they present, at this time, no prospect of value as assets of national wealth or bases of profitable industry.

9. Jadeite, which has been discussed at considerable length in this paper, ofiers to mineralogists and archaeologists a fasci- nating problem, the solution of which might prove valuable to mining engineers, jewelers, and patriotic political economists also. We are confronted by the startling fact that the .museums

Gems And Precious Stones Op Mexico.

of the civilized world contain thousands of Mexican objects, wrought with great skill and artistic finish from a material of great durability and beauty, especially when, as is sometimes the ease, it possesses a deep green tint scarcely equaled by that of the emerald itself.

Mhat ivere the original sources of this beautiful and valuable material ? Do any considerable deposits of it exist in Mexico ? That is not impossible. W e may find such a deposit any day. But we must confess that the manufactured objects known to us indicate no knowledge of the mineral in place to have been possessed by the ancient Mexicans. They seem to have ob- tained it exclusively from pebbles or boulders in the beds of streams, and never to have followed such stream-beds upwards to a solid original deposit. On the other hand, that does not prove that such a search would not lead modern prospectors to jadeite deposits, even equaling those of the famous mines in Burma.

The evidence now at hand from China (where jade has long been a highly-prized art-material) or Burma, where it has been mined with great profit, does not help us much in studying the Mexican problem. One thing seems, however, to have special significance, namely, that neither jadeite nor articles wrought from it have been found so far north as Queretaro, in Mexico, and, so far as now known, have never been found in the neigh- boring United States. These seem to prove that it was not imported into Mexico; that it was never produced there in sufiicient quantities to be exported; that the limited product of it was kept at home for religious or other reasons ; and, finally, that the rich deposits of it in situ if such exist in Mexico (as they certainly do in Burma), are probably not far from the districts where it was gathered in pebbles and boulders, to be paid as tribute to conquerors, and to be wrought into objects of religion and art.

From both the scientific and the commercial standpoint, the problem thus presented is not unworthy of attention from mem- bers of the American Institute of Mining Engineers.

The Yalue Of Ores In Mexico.

The Value of Ores in Mexico.

By N. H. Emmons, 2Nd, Parral, Chihuahua, Mex.

(Mexican Meeting-, November, 1901.)

In the United States the value of gold- and silver-ores is everywhere reckoned in ounces troy of the metal per “ short ton ” (2000 lbs. avoird.) of the ore. In the case of silver, which fluctuates in market value, the Hew York quotation on a given day must be known, in order to determine the gross value of an ore at that date.

In Mexico the assay is reported in kilogrammes of silver or grammes of gold per metric ton. As everyone is aware, this is practically a percentage system, 1 kg. of silver per metric ton (1000 kg.) being 0.1 per cent.', and 1 gramme of gold per metric ton, 0.0001 per cent. The notation is simple and con- venient for both assayer and miner.*

The Mexican government purchases at an unvarying price for silver, payable in silver,-and at a fixed price for gold, pay- able in gold if the seller insists, but preferably in silver at about the rate of exchange between U. S. gold coin and Mexi- can silver coin. The value of silver is |40.915 per kilogramme in Mexican silver dollars. That of gold is $675,416 per kilo- gramme in gold coin. The mints do not, as a rule, issue gold dollars, as the government keeps them to pay the interest on the national debt. Almost all bullion containing a consider- able percentage of gold is shipped to foreign countries (prin- cipally the United States) to be refined.

The Mexican mint receives for refining and coining no bullion which is not at least .950 fine in gold and silver, separately or

Note by the Secbetabt. — The complicated calculation required to con- yert into percentage (so as to correspond with the form in which all other ingre- dients of an ore, as determined by analysis, are always reported) the U. S. ex- pression of ‘oz. per ton,’’ is as follows :

The only unit common to the avoirdupois and troy system is the grain. The avoirdupois pound contains 7000 grains ; hence a short” ton contains 14,000,000 grains. The troy ounce is 480 grains ; hence a short ” ton contains 14,000,000 480 29,166| troy ounces. One troy ounce per “short” ton would be,

The Value Oe Gees In Aiexico.

combined. For tbe fine silver, it pays §40.915 Mex. per kilo, less 2 per cent, coinage-charge and 3 per cent, stamp-tax. For assaying each bar, not more than 35 kg. in weight, §2.50 Mex. is charged, and for separating gold from silver, §0.75 per kg. of bullion. Gold (if over 3-lOOOths is present) is paid for at §675.416 gold per kg. ; but payment is made in silver dollars at about 10 points below the current quotation of exchange. Finally, the State tax about to be mentioned is collected upon bullion, unless it has been previously paid on the ore.

Government charges practically unknown in the United States are the taxes on ores of silver or gold, paid both to the Federal andto the State governments throughout the Republic of Mexico. These taxes (being laid upon gross product, with- out reference to profit) are likely to be so severe that in many parts of the Republic it has been the custom not to insist upon the payment of the full State tax. The Federal tax, however, known as the mintage-tax, is collected upon all the gold and silver produced in the country — either at the mints upon the bullion presented for coinage, or at the points of export ux->on ores or bullion shipped to other countries.

The State extraction-tax ’’ is levied on ores mined, and sup- posed to be collected before the ores leave the mine-yard or patio.’ This has been found, for many evident reasons, im- practicable ; and it has come to be the custom to collect the tax as the ores leave the mining camp, or, if they are treated in the camp, then as the product is shipped away. The govern- ment may accept the sampling and assays of the owners; or an official may be sent to superintend the sampling, and take a special sample for government assay. The manifest of the shipper states the number of metric tons shipped, and of kilo- grammes of silver and gold per ton. The collector calculates the silver-value of the shipment at $40,915 per kg. of silver, and collects 2 per cent, of that value for the State, and also, according to the Federal statute, 30 per cent, of the State tax, or 0.6 per cent, of the value, as the Federal tax. The total (2.6 per cent, on $40,915) is a direct tax on the silver in the ore of $1.0638 per kilogramme, or (1 kg. being 32.15 oz. troy) about 3.3 cents per oz.

If the ore is smelted in Mexico, the smelter pays the tax; if it is exported, it must be accompanied with a consular invoice, and sampled and assayed at the border by the Mexican govern-

The Value Oe Ores In Mexico.

ment. In tMs case the mintage-tax (that is, the charge which would have been made if the bullion had been sent to the Mexican mint) is also collected. For bullion, matte or other metallurgical product, this tax of 5 per cent, is collected upon the full assay value of the metal contained. For ores, it is col- lected upon 90 per cent, (and is therefore 4.5 per cent.) of the assay-value.

Finally, if ore is sold to any purchaser in Mexico, there must be a bill of sale, or factura'' on which revenue-stamps to the amount of 3 cents for every or fraction thereof are affixed and cancelled by the seller. This stamp-tax is not peculiar to sales of ore. It is required for every sale of merchandize amounting in value to $20 or more. The value here contem- plated, however, is not the gross value, calculated as above de- scribed, but the net value, or amount paid by the purchaser.

It will be seen that the taxes on ores of gold or silver mined in Mexico comprise 2.6 per cent, of gross value as State and Fed- eral extraction-tax, plus 4.5 per cent, as mintage-tax, or, in all, 7.1 per cent, on the gross assay-value, to which must be added the stamp-tax on fcictura of 0.6 per cent, on the net .value.

In order to show how the value of a given ore to the miner is determined, it will be convenient to assume an example, bearing in mind that some of the conditions stated would vary with the locality. In most districts, the regular gold-price paid by the smelters for silver in ores is 90.5 per cent, of the Hew York quotations; for gold, 95 per cent, of the assay, at $19.50 per oz. ; and for lead (if the ore is a rich lead-ore), 1 cent per lb. on 90 per cent, of the contents as per assay; allowances for freight and treatment being made according to local conditions — the latter, according to a regular scale for neutral '' ores, with suitable modifications for departures from that quality. We will assume $9 IT. S. money per short’’ ton for freight and treatment, and take as a basis the Hew York quotations of Sept. 20, 1901, which were 58.26 cents per oz. for silver, and 4 cents per lb. for lead. Bankers’ exchange in the City of Mexico on the same date was at 1.165 per cent, premium.

We assume also a neutral ore containing per metric ton, 1000 grammes of silver and 3.43 grammes of gold (z>., 29.167 oz. silver and 0.1 oz. gold per ton of 2000 lbs.) and 20 per cent, of lead. This ore would pay the miner as follows ;

The silver, at 58.25 cents per oz., would be worth $18,728

The Yalxje Of Ores In Mexico.

U. S. currency per kilo, and would be paid for, as above stated, at 90.5 per cent, of this value, making upon the ore assumed $16.96 for silver. Gold at |19.50 per oz. would be worth $0,626 per gramme; and 95 per cent, of 3.48 grammes at this price would bring $2.04. Of the 20 per cent, of lead (200 kg. per ton) 90 per cent., or 180 kg., would bring 1 cent per pound (2.204 cents per kg.), or $8.97. The total for silver, gold and lead would thus be $16.96 + $2.04 + $3.97 $22.97 U. S. currency per metric ton, apart from the extract! oivtax and stamps on “ factura,” freight and treatment. (The purchaser, paying for only 90.5 per cent, of the silver and 95 per cent, of the gold, assumes the mintage-tax.)

Deducting the assumed treatment-charge of $9 per short ton, which is $9.92 per metric ton, we have as the net returns to the seller $22.97 — $9.92 $13.05 IT. S. currency per me- tric ton. But from this he must still pay the extraction-tax of 2.6 per cent, on the nominal value of $40,915 per kg. of silver and $675,416 per kg. of gold (reduced to silver at about 2.10 exchange), or, upon the ore here assumed to contain 1 kg. silver and 3.43 grammes gold per ton, $1.18 in Mexican money, and also the stamp-tax of 3 cents for each $5 Mexican money. Reducing the above return of $13.05 to Mexican money we have ($13.05 X 2.165) $28.25, which would require 18 cents stamp-tax. Consequently the ultimate net return to the seller would be, in Mexican money, $28.25 — ($1.18+$0.18)= $26.89.

Recalculating on the American basis of ounces per short ton, we would have as the value per short ton of the ore under

consideration :

Silver: 90.5 per cent, of 29.167 oz. at 58.25 cts., . . |15.38

Gold : 95 per cent, of 0.1 oz. at |19.50, . . . . 1.80

Lead : 90 per cent, of 400 lbs. at 0.01, . . . . 3.60

Total in U. S. money, 120.78

Less treatment charge per ton, 9.00

Net value in U. S. money per sLort ton, $11.78 Or, in Mexican money, at (2.165), 25.50

From this we have to deduct the extraction-tax, which is, as above stated, $1.18 per metric ton (2.204 lbs. avoird.), and would therefore be per short” ton, $1.18 X 2000 -fr 2204 $1.07, Mexican money. And, finally, the stamp-tax on the factura would be, as before, 18 cents, making total deductions

Vol. Xxxii. — 7

The Value Of Oees In Mexico.

of fl.25. Subtracting this amount from $25.50, we have a final net return per short ton of $24.25 Mexican or $11.20 TJ. S. currency. It will be understood, of course, that this cal- culation is simply a re-statement of the one previously stated, and is introduced simply to facilitate comparison for those who are not accustomed to reckon by the Mexican method.

Two comparative statements will be specially interesting to American miners and sellers of ore, as showing respectively :

1. What would be the net return in the United States for ore sold under the same conditions, i.e., with freight and treat- ment at $9 per ton, and lead quoted at 4 cents per lb. in HTew York; and

2. How the value of such ore in Mexican money will be affected by an extremely high or low market price of silver.

1. Ore of the character assumed above, if mined in the United States and sold under the same conditions as to freight and treatment charge and price of lead, would return to the miner 95 per cent, of the silver-value, or $16.14 instead of $15.38; 100 per cent, of the gold-value at $19.50 per oz., or $1.95 instead of $1.80; and 90 per cent, of the lead-value at full Hew York quotations of 4 cents per lb., or $14.40 instead of $3.60, making a total of $32.49, instead of $20.78, per short ton. Deducting $9 for freight and treatment, we have $23.49 U. S. ($50.86 Mex.) as against $11.20 to the Mexican miner of the same ore, situated at an equal distance from the smelter.

2. The effect of fluctuation in the price of silver upon the value of Mexican ores may be illustrated by assuming that sil- ver is quoted in Hew York at 40 cents per oz. instead of 58.25 cents, as in the above examples. In that case, exchange will be forced up to $3.18. We would then have, per ton of 2000 lbs., 95 per cent, of 29.167 oz., at 40 cents, or $10.56 instead of $15.38 for the silver, and the other items would remain un- altered, so that the total wmald be $15.96, or, after deducting $9 as before, $6.96 U. S., which, however, by reason of the higher rate of exchange would be $22.13 Mexican, as against $25.50 Mexican with silver at 58J cents. It will be seen that the increased value in Mexican currency of the gold and lead, due to the lower price of silver and the consequent rise in ex- change, greatly diminishes the loss on the silver in the ore.

To elucidate still further the bearings of this curiously-bal- anced and complicated set of constant and variable factors upon

The Value Oe Ores In Mexico.

the Mexican mining industry, let us take as an example a re- duction-works, located at the mine, and so situated with regard to ores, fluxes, etc., as to be able to produce bullion high enough in silver to be sold directly to the Mexican mint. In other words, the standard value of $40,915 per kg, will be received for the silver, and in lieu of $9.92 U. S., charged for freight and treatment, the charge for treatment will be $15 Mexican per metric ton. Omitting, for simplicity, gold and lead, and con- sidering the ore to carry silver only, the miner will receive per metric ton, on ore containing 1000 grammes of silver, 840.915 -$15 $25.91 Mexican, less the taxes and duties above set forth. This return is independent of the price of silver. If silver drops to 40 cents, as above supposed, he will still receive $25.91, Mexican, less the same taxes and duties as before — only the exchange-value of this sum will be smaller, by reason of the higher rate caused by the fall in silver. But this smaller exehange-value does not affect his expenses for labor and power, because wages, fuel and domestic supplies are paid for in Mex- ican money, without regard to temporary fluctuations in the market-price of silver. It is only in the purchase of imported supplies for mining and milling, or machinery, etc., needed for repairs or new constructions, that the ditference is felt. Of course, any dividends that might be paid, though they would be no smaller in Mexican money, would be reduced in value to foreign owners by the higher rate of exchange.

Lead has very little value for the Mexican miner, since the price paid for it by smelters is practically nothing, compared to what is paid in the United States.

Copper- and gold-ores pay more profit to the Mexican miner (whether calculated in U. S, or in Mexican money) the lower the price of silver and the higher the rate of exchange.

Profits (estimated in Mexican money) from silver-ores, if they can be treated locally, at expense chiefly payable in Mex- ican money, are affected only by the amount of imported sup- plies required for their treatment. If they go to smelters which make their charges in U. S. money, the returns will depend on the price of silver and the rate of exchange.

As a general conclusion, it may be said that, by reason of the peculiar conditions explained and discussed above, the mines of Mexico are less dependent upon the market-price of silver than those of the United States.

100 The Sierra Mojada, Coahxjila, Mexico, Ore Deposits.

The Sierra Mojada, Coahuila, Mexico, and Its Ore-Deposits.

By James W. Malcolmson, Chihuahha, Mex.

(Mexicau Meeting, November, 190L)

Introduction.

This paper treats of the history and development of the Sierra Mojada mines in the north of Mexico, the character and extent of the ore-deposits, and the methods of mining the ore.

The growth of the smelting industry in Mexico in recent years is, to a large degree, due directly to the output of the lead-bearing ores from the Sierra Mojada mines, and at the present time (1901) new smelters are being built, looking to this district for their supply of lead-ores.

These mines are located in the southern part of the State of Coahuila, in the Eepublic of Mexico, in latitude 27° 24' N. and longitude 103° 43' W. of Greenwich.

The last account of the Sierra Mojada published in our Transactions was contributed by Mr. Eichard E. Chism, in Oc- tober, 1886.* Since that time some 3,000,000 tons of ore have been extracted from the mines, and much additional informa- tion has been developed regarding the mineral deposits.

Since 1886, the Mexican Northern railroad, 78 miles in length, has been built from Escalon, connecting the camp with the Mexican Central railway, a trunk-line from El Paso, Texas, to Mexico City.

The distances by rail from Sierra Mojada to the principal smelting-centers are as follows : To Torreon, Coahuila, Mex., 179 miles; to Monterey, Nuevo Leon, Mex., 422 miles; to El Paso, Tex., IT. S., 494 miles; to Aguas Calientes, A. C., Mex., 522 miles; to San Luis Potosi, S. L. P., Mex., 644 miles; to Pueblo, Colorado, TJ. S., 1158 miles; to Argentine, Kans., IT. 8.,

Trant.j xv., 542.

The Sierra Mojaba, Coahuila, Mexico, Ore-Deposits. 101

1661 miles. The larger proportion of the ore mined hitherto has been shipped to El Paso, Tex., and to Monterey, Mex.

I. History.

In June, 1878, a certain ITestor Arriola or Arriolana ob- tained permission from the government to form a band of men to go to this part of the desert and watch for a party whom he suspected to be coming from San Antonio, Tex., with a load of contraband goods. He thought the smugglers would pass near the mountains where the mines are to-day ; but they took another road, thus causing him to spend several idle days. During this time he found some lead-bearing ore, of which he had assays made at his home in Mapimi ; and, finding that it contained silver, he returned with some prospectors, located the Blanca mine, and also sunk a winze on what is now the Jesus Maria mine. The camp soon obtained an immense amount of notoriety, as the following extract from Mr. Chism’s paper shows :

‘Some years ago, when I was seeking an illusive fortune in the primeval for- ests of Brazil, there penetrated even to my headquarters in that far-ojS land the story of a new-found mining district, where mountain peaks were ribbed with silver and valleys teemed with virgin gold. . . . The . . . stories caused hun- dreds of men to seek their fortune in Sierra Mojada, and to return heaping curses, loud and deep, upon the vivid imaginations that had evolved the glitter- ing fiction.”

One expedition went from Pachuca in 1879, under the direc- tion of the Real del Monte Mining Company, which sent a fully-equipped party to the camp — a distance of more than 600 miles overland — by stage and wagon.

The mines are in the midst of an extensive desert, and at the time of their discovery the nearest railroad point was San Antonio, Tex.

In the early period of its development, the camp was claimed by the adjoining States of Chihuahua, Coahuila and Durango. Until the rival claims were settled, the district was governed as a Territory by the national authorities. It was finally de- clared to be a part of the State of Coahuila; and, at the present time, 30 per cent, of the entire revenue of that State is derived from taxation of the Sierra Mojada mines and their products.

102 The Sierra Mojaha, Coahuila, Mexico, Ore-Deposits.

The first ore-bodies discovered were basic lead carbonates in limestone, outcropping at the surface, and lying nearly hori- zontal, with a slight dip to the south. For several years these were the only deposits known to exist ; but eight years ago very large ore-bodies of siliceous copper-ore, high in silver, were discovered. Latterly the limestone itself in the vicinity of the copper- and lead-ore deposits has been worked with suc- cess, by reason of the silver chloride disseminated through it.

The mines were originally worked by their Mexican owners in a somewhat primitive style; but in 1887 a great impetus was given to their development through the acquisition of the control of the two principal mines, the San Salvador and the San Jose, by the Consolidated Kansas City Smelting .and Ee- fining Co. Since then, American methods and American capital have been employed with great success in opening up the mining properties ; and to-day nearly the entire output is produced under American control and supervision.

In the early days the ore was freighted by teams 75 miles to Escalon, and shipped over the Mexican Central railroad to El Paso, Tex., or to Argentine, Kans. ETo duties were col- lected by either the Mexican or the United States govern- ment. In 1889 a local duty of 2.6 per cent, of the value of silver- and lead-contents was imposed; and, since 1896, an ad- ditional duty of 4.5 per cent, on the silver-contents has beeti collected at the frontier by the Mexican Federal government ; and by a decision of the U. S. customs authorities, ratified by subsequent legislation, a duty of 1.5 cents per lb. of the lead has been collected on its admission into the States.

To-day, on the average grade of ore (assaying 10 oz. of silver per ton and 15 per cent, of lead) produced in the Sierra Mo- jada, and shipped to the U. S., 7 per cent, of the value of the silver-contents is collected by the Mexican, and 37 per cent, of the value of the lead-contents by the U. S. government, or, in all, between 50 and 60 per cent, of the amount paid by the smelter to the miner for the ore on the mine-dump.

Much of the lead-ore shipped at the present time to the U. S. is smelted in bond, in the same manner as the Canadian lead-ores, and subsequently sold outside of the country.

The decision of the U. S. customs authorities — Imown as the Windom decision — was the result of strong representa-

THE SIERRA MOJADA, COAHUILA, MEXICO, ORE-DEPOSITS. lOS

tioiis of the Colorado smelters, who believed that Mexican lead, mined by so-called ‘pauper-labor/’ was ruining their business, through the competition of the Missouri river smelt- ers, to which points the Sierra Mojada ore was shipped. The apparent results after the imposition of the duties were, that the Colorado miners were charged $1.00 more per ton for the treatment of siliceous ores, on account of the diminution of the lead-supply ; a powerful and successful smelting industry, employing thousands of men, has been developed in Mexico by the investment of millions of dollars, largely of American cap- ital; and another result has been that Missouri lead-ores, low in silver, have been diverted from their natural path East over a long westerly detour, first to Colorado, and finally back to the East again, as bullion.

II. Productiox.

The early production of the Sierra Mojada was small; but in April, 1886, Mr. Chism mentions that the weekly ore-product from the entire district was about 1000 tons, which would be, roughly, one-quarter of the present output.

Since the building of the Mexican Northern railroad in 1890, the average production has been approximately 200,000 tons annually. The production during 1900, from official returns, was 187,110 metric tons (2204 lbs. avoirdupois), as follows :

Mine.

Metric Tons.

Mine.

Metric Tons.

Veta Rica,

. 41,018

Jesus Maria,

. 3,980

San Jos4, .

. 30,285

La Sultana,

. 3,039

San Salvador, .

. 28,783

Parena,

. 2,475

Yolcan Dolores,

. 15,552

Buena Ventura,

. 2,040

Tiro Juarez,

. 14,331

Exploradora,

. 1,017

Encantada,

. 13,470

Tiro 10, .

Tiro 11, .

. 10,595

San Francisco, .

Esmeralda,

. 7,931

Galan Zona,

Providencia,

. 6,032

La Aurora,

Fortuna, .

. 5,191

On account of the inaccessibility of the camp, no ore was considered worth mining, in the early period of operations, which did not assay 20 oz. silver per ton and 25 per cent, of lead, with a large excess of iron over silica. Mr. Chism, in his paper, mentions this as the minimum grade in 1886 and Mr. Judson, in the subsequent discussion,t calls attention to the

Tram.y xv., 552.

t lhid,y p. 588.

104 The Sierra Mojada, Coahuila, Mexico, Ore-Deposits.

fact that lead, before that time, was valueless in the Sierra Mojada, to such an extent that the local smelters endeavored to produce a slag high in lead, thereby securing greater fusi- bility. Slags then made would contain as much as 80 per cent, of lead.

In 1892-6 a large tonnage of copper-ore was mined, assaying from 30 to 120 oz. of silver per ton, the whole production averaging between 60 and 70 oz. of silver per ton, with 4 to 5 per cent, of copper.

At the present time, practically the same ore-bodies are being worked which were discovered in the early period of develop- ment; but the improved conditions permit the profitable min- ing of a very much lower grade of ore than formerly. The following table shows approximately the tonnage, assay and analysis of the various ores mined in the camp during 1900 :

Pb.

SiOa.

FeO.

CaO.

BaS04

Metric

Ag. oz.

Per

Per

Per

Per

Per

Tons.

per Ton.

cent.

cent.

cent.

cent.

cent.

Basic lead -ore, .

. 80,000

Siliceous lead-ore

. 23,000

Irony lead-ore, .

. 7,500

Siliceous ore, .

. 2,500

Irony ore,

. 1,000

Lime ore, .

. 25,000

Siliceous lime, .

. 52,000

In all the

mines now

open

there

are very

large

bodies of

mineral of the classes mentioned above, but lower in grade. In time, with lower freight- and treatment-rates, these will un- doubtedly prove to be a source of profit.

III. GrEOLOaY.

1. General Description.

The mountains forming the Sierra Mojada are entirely of limestone, of the Carboniferous series, "which in this part of Mexico attains an enormous thickness. Their most prominent feature is an almost vertical cliff overlooking a small plain, three-quarters of a mile in breadth and 6 or 7 miles long, to the north. This clift* rises to a height of over 3000 ft. above the level of the plain, making an impressive and majestic view, shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4. Fig. 4 gives an idea of the im-

THE SIERRA MOJADA, COAHIJILA, MEXICOj ORE-DEPOSITS. 105

mense scale of tHs cliff' formation tlie mines being hardly noticeable in the foothills.

In Mr. Chism’s ideal section of the camp,* reproduced in Fig. 1, the general character of the folding movement of this great limestone formation is well represented, but it can hardly be considered as a simple bending, because in places on the Sierra Mojada precipice the limestone strata can be seen where they have been folded upwards to a vertical position at right angles to the normal dip. (See Fig. 5.) In addition, therefore, to the flexure observed and mapped by Mr. Chism, it is evident that faulting and dislocation of the strata have also taken place to some extent.

2. The Alliiiiim,

The alluvium described by Mr. Chism in his paper (see Fig. 1) has also, on further investigation, proved to be an interest- ing feature of the district. Instead of being a recent product of erosion, as Mr. Chism believed, it is covered, in places, with patches of Cretaceous lime, towards the east of the camp on the Trinidad and Parena claims (see Fig. 15) and towards the west on the Blanca claim. The Cretaceous lime, which exists in a capping forming the summit of the Blanca hill, is 100 ft. thick, and is well shown in the photograph of La Blanca hill in the left of Fig. 2.

This Cretaceous limestone, overlying the alluvium, is a proof that, after flexure and erosion of the great underlying limestone formation, there was a second submergence of the district below water-level. Apparently the Cretaceous lime is not in anyway related to the ore-deposits ; but it is of interest as showing the geological character of the changes which have taken place during the process of ore-deposition.

3. The Breccia.

Below the alluvium described by Mr. Chism (Fig. 1), and between it and the underlying limestone, there has been found another formation, namely, a porphyritic breccia, entirely dif- ferent, both in appearance and in composition, from the con- glomerate or alluvium above. The alluvium is composed of

Trans,, xv., 548.

106 The Sierra Mojada, Coahuila, Mexico, Ore-Deposits.

ronncled boulders and pebbles of limestone cemented by cal- careous material, and is a product of erosion of the surrounding mountains. The breccia below is made up of angular frag- ments of felsitic and granite rocks, cemented by a siliceous matrix.

The conglomerate is porous ; but the breccia is impermeable. Advantage is taken of this fact to sink shafts through the con- glomerate to the breccia, in order to obtain a water-supply, which is fairly abundant. The surface of the breccia, below the alluvium, is apparently in the shape of a trough or gulch, running from west to east; a shaft sunk on the Emma claim (see Fig. 15) showed the alluvium at this point to be 510 ft. thick; and the alluvium-breccia contact dipped to the south, in- dicating the probability that the center or deepest point of the gulch in that locality was farther south. Probably 80,000 or 40,000 gallons of water daily can be obtained from a well such as this ; but it is not improbable that after a very long period of drought only those wells which are located in the lower horizons of this underground trough would retain water. The location and dip of the alluvium-breccia contact at other points to the south is shown in the sections, Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.

Sinking into the breccia fails to develop more water ; and the limestone below it is quite dry. The normal water-level has not yet been reached in the camp, and water is never over- abundant.

Towards the southern boundary of the alluvium the feather- ing-off of both it and the breccia is shown on the sections. The breccia outcrops at the surface in few places only, but is very close to it in the Jesus Maria and Exploradora claims (Fig, 6),* and only 70 ft. deep in the Dionea claim (Fig. 9).

The origin and deposition of the breccia have been the sub- ject of much speculation. It is soft and easily worked, and has been considered to be a disintegrated product of faulting. It is more probably a volcanic mud-flow from below the center of the valley, ie,, between the Sierra Mojada and Sierra Plan- chada ranges. (See Mr. Chism’s section, Fig. 1.)

Porphyritic breccias, or volcanic mud-flows, of this character, are common in the north of Mexico. In the lead-mining dis- trict of Santa Eulalia, near the city of Chihuahua, northwest of Sierra Mojada, an immense area of limestone is covered with

THE SIERRA MOJADA, COAHUILA, MEXICOj ORE-DEPOSITS. 107

somewhat similar breccia, which in this latter ease forms the summits of the mountains instead of the bottoms of the valleys. In places at Santa Eulalia it is more than 1800 ft. thick. As a rule, the Santa Eulalia breccia contains rounded fragments of limestone, but in some horizons it carries angular fragments of porphyry, at times very similar to the Sierra Mojada breccia. In the rounded limestone pebbles enclosed in the porphyry at Santa Eulalia it is not uncommon to find unaltered fossils, in- dicating the absence of any great amount of heat during the processes forming the breccia. The matrix of the breccia in Santa Eulalia is highly siliceous, containing glassy feldspar, and resembles a typical porphyry. To the writer it is difficult to account for the presence of feldspar crystals and unaltered limestone fragments in the same rock. But it seems more difficult to consider the Santa Eulalia or Sierra Mojada breccias as other than volcanic mud-flows, which probably have been squeezed upward through dikes, zones of fracture, or other apertures in the limestone. Several such dikes (in all eases without lime or other fragments) have been opened up in Santa Eulalia, breaking through the underlying limestone formation; but in the Sierra Mojada nothing is yet known as to the source of the breccia.

The siliceous breccia of the Sierra Mojada, which lies directly upon the limestone, is intimately connected with the ore-bodies. The contact between the breccia and the limestone is smooth, and carries ore-deposits of value. The most valuable ore-body ever opened up in the camp — the San Jose copper-stope — was apparently an impregnation of the siliceous breccia with silver chloride and copper oxide. In this, as in all other cases, there was a well-marked wall or plane of demarcation on each side of the ore-body, with a clay selvage or gouge between the ore and the adjoining rocks. In a few places along this ore-body a thin layer of barren breccia would be found between it and the lime ; but usually the north wall of the deposit was breccia, and the south wall limestone. In the Dionea mine, from 15 to 16 ft. of the contact between the breccia and the underlying limestone is very much decomposed, although carrying nothing of value. The steepnSip of the breccia-lime contact in the San Jose mine is very noticeable, and in the Buena Ventura shaft the lime is cut at a depth of over 600 ft.; but north of this it

108 The Sierea Mojada, Coahuila, Mexico, Ore-Deposits.

gradually assumes a more horizontal position. In the Veta Eiea and Dionea mines (Fig. 15) the contact gradually flattens until at the Juarez shaft it is 130 ft. from the surface. In places, the roll or fold is so great that the local dip of the con- tact is towards the south. In the Veta Rica and Dionea mines (Figs. 8, 9 and 10) this roll or crease of the breccia-lime con- tact was found to carry ore, while the limestone for a distance of over 100 ft. from the contact was impregnated with silver chloride. Other rolls or folds of the contact-surface, the axes of which run approximately north and south, that is to say, at right angles to the last mentioned folds, have been found by diamond drilling, but hitherto have not been demonstrated to carry ore or give indications of value.

IV. The Ore-Bodies.

The zone in which the ore-bodies have been found is approx- imately along an east and west line, and is marked by shading on Fig. 15. The ore-bodies are fairly continuous, and extend for a total distance of over 13,000 ft. from west to east.

The ore-deposits of the camp may be divided into three main groups: (1) the contact-deposits; (2) the lime-impregnations; and (3) the lead-carbonate ores in the limestone. Although the latter were the earliest ores discovered and worked, the breccia- lime contact deposits will here be described first; since the earlier-worked ore-bodies are apparently branches from these deposits, and were the first discovered only because the breccia and conglomerate had been eroded from their vicinity, leaving the lead-ore exposed.

1. The Contact-Deposits.

In the Exploradora mine (see section, Fig. 6) a body of lead- carbonate of considerable thickness was found on the contact towards the extreme west of the zone of ore-deposition. The breccia here was apparently unchanged, but a large amount of the limestone had evidently been removed in the process of ore- deposition. After the ore had been mined out, the breccia settled on the square sets and rock-filling to such an extent that a marked subsidence and slip of the overlying breccia took place, the whole mass sliding apparently on the contact surface. From this deposit of lead-carbonate, a very plain vertical crack

Ideal section on line N S'’ E.~S. 8° Y., across Sien-a Mojada valley, through the Esmeralda Mine, showing the Anticlinal Break (Beproduced from Mr. Chism’s paper. Tram., xv., 548.) Horizontal scale, I : 50,000 ; vertical scale, 1 : 10,000.

Sierra Planchada

110 THE SIERRA MOJADA, COAHdlLA, MEXICO, ORE-DEPOSITS,

Left-hand Half of View of Sierra Mojada, looking SE. from Town. (See Figs. 16 and 3. ) The flat-topped hill just behind the build- ings on the left is La Blanca hill, capped with Cretaceous limestone.

Fig.

THE SIERRA MOJADA, COAHUILA, MEXICO, ORE-DEPOSITS. Ill

Extension to the Right of Fig. 2. (The tower of the parish church on the left is seen at the right in Fig. 2.)

View of Sierra Mojada, looking SW. from El Estanque. (See Fig. 15). Mines : A, San Salvador ; B, Esmeralda ; C, Dolores D, San Miguel ; E, Providencia ; F, Fortuna ; G, San Jose ; H, Jesus Maria ; L, La Blanca hill.

THE SIERRA MOJADA, GOAHUILA, MEXICO, OKl-DEPOSITS. 118

Fig. 5.

San Jos and Exploradora Mines, Showing Upturned Limestone Strata

Above.

Jesus Maria and Exploradora Mines. N. — S. Section through the Hidalgo Shaft.

114 The Sierra Mojada, Coahtjila, Mexico, Ore-Deposits.

San Jos4 Mine, General Elevation, looking West.

The Sierra Mojada, Coauuila, Mexico, Ore-Deposits. 115

North

116 The Sierka Mojada, Coahuila, Mexico, Oke-Dbposits.

Fig. 8.

Limestone

N. — S. Section through Veta Kica Shaft.

(The exact position of the contact between breccia and lime is not known ; but it should be higher up than is here shown, and should dip more to the right)

Conglomerate

Sketch Showing N. — S- Section of Veta Kica Ore-Bod7.

118 The Sierra Mojada, Coahuila, Mexico, Ore-Bbposits.

San Salvador IVIinp.. T'f. — S. Spot-inn thrnncrli IVTain Slinft

Conglomerate

120 The Sierra Mojada, Coahuila, Mexico, Ore-Deposits.

Fig. 12.

Mining Lime against tlie Breccia, Yeta Rica Mine.

The Sierra Mojada, Coahuila, Mexico, Ore-Deposits. 121

Fig. 13.

The San Jose Mine in 1899.

Fig. 14.

122 The Sierra Mojaba, Coahuila, Mexico, Ore-Deposits.

runs directly to the south into the lime, making a prominent feature of the western part of the Jesus Maria mine (see Figs. 6 and 15).

The crack shows slickensides, although the breccia contact to the north does not appear to be deformed or faulted in any way. This crack is intimately connected with a deposition of several thousand tons of basic lead-carbonate in the lime- stone, some distance from the contact ; and still farther south a large bodj" of iron oxide has been opened up, with very low silver- and lead-values (see Fig. 6). Several of these vertical fissures at right angles to the contact have been prospected. Their origin and importance is still a matter of conjecture. The fissure described towards the west of the Jesus Maria mine is one of the most strongly marked, and it shows ore-bodies re- lated to it in a more noticeable manner than any other. East of the Exploradora lead-carbonate deposit, and between the Jesus Maria and San Jose mines, an ore-body has been opened on the contact assaying from 15 to 25 oz. silver per ton ; 75 per cent, silica; 8 per cent, iron; less than 1 per cent, lime, and carrying traces of lead and copper. This ore-body varies in thickness from 10 to 20 ft. ; it is friable and sandy in structure, easily mined, and covers a large area, being found from the outcrop of the contact-surface in the Jesus Maria mine to a considerable depth in the San Jose mine. The lead-carbonates in the limestone immediately south of this deposit, instead of carrying an excess of iron over silica, as they did to the south of the first ore-deposit mentioned, are siliceous, carrying an ex- cess of silica over iron.

Only a short distance east of the siliceous contact-ore, but at a greater depth, was found the famous San Jose copper-stope. It is probable that the last mentioned siliceous contact-deposit and the copper-stope form a continuous deposit, changing in character with depth.

The San Jose copi)er-stope was the first ore-body discovered on the contact, and is the richest exploited hitherto in the Sierra Mojada. Its dimensions are, roughly, 450 ft. from E. to W., and 580 from K to S. on the dip of the contact. In thickness it varied from 6 to 20 ft., with a general average of perhaps more than 12 ft. The ore mined Irom the deposit assayed be- tween 60 and 70 oz. of silver per ton; 4 to 6 per cent, copper;

The Sierka Mojada, Coahuila, Mexico, Ore-Deposits. 123

40 to 50 per cent, silica; 3 to 8 per cent, iron ; and 1 to 5 per cent, lime, with traces only of lead.

The discovery of this deposit in 1889 was the cause of a new period of development in the camp. Shafts were sunk at many points to the lime-contact, with the object of investigating a region which had previously been considered valueless; but the result up to the present time has not been so f)roductive as was originally anticipated. Only a few ore-bodies have been dis- covered, and immense areas of the contact have l>een demon- strated to be barren. IS’o purely contact ore-body of any size has been discovered that at all approaches the San Jose copper- stope in either tonnage or grade of output. The section. Fig. 7, shows this contact copper-silver deposit, and its position with relation to the lead-carbonate ore-bodies of the San Jose mine. Attention is called to the upper part of the copper-deposit, which appears to leave the contact and roll over to the south, where it connects with the lead-carbonate deposits in the lime. This contact-deposit has apparently little or no direct connection with the lead-ore bodies except at this point. Although not shown in the section, there seems to be, in the upper portion of the copper-deposit, a roll or crease in the contact, which may have tended to divert the ore-depositing agencies from the con- tact into the lime. All these workings are now, unfortunately, so completely run together that it is difficult to secure accurate information on this point.

The San Jose copper-deposit differs principally from the two previously mentioned deposits in that it is apparently an im- pregnation of a layer of breccia between the main body and the limestone. There seems to have been no solvent action on the underlying lime, as in the Exploradora deposit, or leach- ing out of the alumina silicates, as in the second deposit de- scribed. The chemical composition and appearance of the San Jose copper-deposit and the overlying breccia are almost iden- tical. The basic lead-carbonate ore-bodies south of this contact- ore are entirely isolated from it, except at the upper part, as shown, where the copper-stope changes to lead-carbonate and dips south. The deposition of the lead-carbonates appears to be connected in some way with a plane of fracture or shrinkage parallel to, and some 120 ft. S. from, the breccia contact-plane. This plane or zone is observable on the general section of San

124 The Sierra Mojada, Coahuila, Mexico, Ore-Deposits.

Jose, Fig. 7, and a number of flat lead-carbonate ore-bodies may be seen running between the planes of stratification towards the south, branching from the inclined plane of lead deposition which is parallel to the contact. These two jjarallel planes, that of the copper-ore on the contact, and that of the lead-ore 120 ft. S., and wholly in the limestone, have given rise to a belief that the copper and lead carbonates represent distinct periods of ore-deposition. Between the zone of deposition of the lead-ore, parallel to but some distance from the contact, and the copper- ore on the contact itself, much of the limestone is impregnated with silver chloride, and from 0.5 to 2 per cent, of copper (see Pig. 7). To the east of the copper-deposit in the San Jose and Fortuna mines, very little ore has been found on the higher levels of the contact; but hTE. of the Veta Rica and Dionea mines the limestone was discovered much nearer to the surface than was originally expected, and extensive prospecting devel- oped the existence of the above-mentioned huge roll or crease of the contact-surface. Mineral of low grade, somewhat simi- lar in character and composition to the San Jose contact-ore, was found; but the financial result of the exploration was bad for a number of years. Finally in the Veta Rica mine the dis- covery was made that, although the contact-mineral itself was poor and unprofitable near the vicinity of the roll, the limestone below was impregnated with silver chloride — although at the same time with silica — to such an extent that the siliceous lime could be mined with a very respectable margin of profit. The ore carried, as a rule, 15 to 50 oz. Ag; 20 per cent. SiO., ; 20 per cent. OaO; 10 per cent. BaSO. A sketch section of the deposit is shown in Fig. 10. In some parts of this ore-body the silver-bearing lime is separated very distinctly from the sur- rounding barren lime ; but in most directions, particularly to the E. and W., there are no definite boundaries to the ore-body.

As mining progresses, the grade gradually becomes so low that it no longer pays to continue operations. Many thousand tons of ore have been mined from this ground, assaying from 15 to 40 oz. Ag; 10 to 20 per cent SiO.; 20 per cent CaO ; 3 per cent Fe ; and 1.5 per cent Cu, with no lead.

2. The Lime-Iynprcgnations.

The finding of lime-silver ores below the contact of the breccia aroused renewed interest in prospecting, not merely along the

The Sierra Mojaba, Goahuila, Mexico, Ore-Beposits. 125

contact itself, but down into the limestone ; and latterly, XE. from the Yeta Rica mine, in the Tiro 11, Dionea, and Tiro 10 ground, a limestone-deposit of considerable size has been opened up, several hundred feet in length and in cross-section as shown in Fig. 9.

Here two rolls in the breccia contact were found, one a few hundred feet north of the other. The axes of these rolls are roughly east and west; and they seem to be a north-easterly continuation of the roll previously found in the Yeta Rica mine.

In the northern roll, in the Dionea mine, the Juarez shaft wms sunk through 72 ft. of calcareous conglomerate, 59 ft. of siliceous breccia, and 16 ft. of decomposed contact-matter without value, to solid barren lime. Sinking being still con- tinued, the rib of barren lime proved to be only 13 ft. thick; and impregnated lime was discovered below it, assaying from 80 to 60 oz. silver per ton, with 15 to 20 per cent, silica. The Yeta Rica deposit (Fig. 10) is of a somewhat similar composi- tion. In the Dionea mine the southern roll contained, in the lime below the contact, siliceous lead carbonates, assaying from 12 to 15 oz. silver per ton, and 15 per cent, lead, with an excess of silica over lime.

The silver-lime impregnations are now of greater importance than the contact-deposits. They are divided into two classes : (1) those near the breccia contact; and (2) those far from the contact, in the vicinity of the lead-ore deposits. The first class (near or adjoining the contact) are found W. of the contact, in the San Jose, Yeta Rica, Tiro 11 and Dionea mines. These ores usually carry 20 per cent. CaO; from 15 to 20 per cent. SiOg, partly existing as silicate of alumina ; and barium sulphate from traces up to 12 per cent. Iron and zinc are found in small quantities (not above 3 per cent.) ; and most of the ore carries copper, seldom exceeding 2 per cent., but perhaps aver- aging 0.5 per cent. The silver is found as chloride. Appar- ently this limestone has been impregnated and silicified from the contact, through the leaching of a contact-deposit and its dissemination throughout the adjoining limestone. It is an in- teresting fact, however this may be, that the impregnated lime- stone near the siliceous copper-deposit on the contact presents some features in common with the contact-deposit itself. In

126 The Sierra Mojada, Coahuila, Mexico, Ore-Deposits.

this respect the large amount of decomposed and barren coii- tactrmatter found in the Veta Rica and Dioiiea mines is worthy of notice. In other parts of the camp, where no silver-lime impregnations exist, there is a marked absence of this altered and decomposed barren contact-material.

Ill the general section of San Jose shown in Fig. 7, a lime ore-body 30 or 40 ft. from the contact is shown. This deposit, which is of immense dimensions, is separated from the overly- ing copper-stope by 40 ft. of barren limestone. The copper- stope contained from 4 to 5 per cent, of copper and 60 to 80 oz. of silver per ton, and apparently had not been impoverished to any notable extent. The condition of the silver-lime ore- body here is an interesting commentary on this observation. It assays from 4 to 12 oz. of Ag and from 40 to 50 per cent. CaO, with traces of copper and only 3 per cent. SiOa. It is prac- tically a pure carbonate of lime, slightly impregnated with silver and little or no silica. The siliceous lime is dark-colored and easily distinguished from the barren lime. The San Jose limestone last mentioned is quite indistinguishable from the barren lime formation. Indeed it is only by constant vigilance and care that it is possible to mine the ore at all. It is necessary to take daily, from all working-faces, samples of large size for assay ; and even with this precaution it is not uncommon for lots of considerable size to be mined at a loss, on account of an un- expectedly sudden change in the assay-value. The boundaries of the silver-lime deposits are at times very plainly marked by walls separating the barren lime from the impregnated lime ; but usually such boundaries are not reached in mining, because the grade falls to an unprofitable limit, which varies with the silica-contents of the lime. It is common to find ribs and ir- regular masses of quite barren lime running through good stopes, with well-marked walls and good ore on both sides. There seems to be no general direction to these barren zones ; sometimes they are parallel, and sometimes at right angles, to the stratification. The lime ore-body previously described, S. of the copper contact-ore in San Josb, is entirely separated from it by a rib of barren lime ; and it is not likely that these silver-contents were derived from the contact, — at least not likely that they came from its upper levels. This lime was priginally discovered by following a fissure containing lead car-

The Sieeea Mojada, Coahuila, Mexico, Ore-Deposits. 127

bonate downward from tbe 4th level, 120 ft. from the contact. (See Fig. 7.) The lead-ore contained a large percentage of barium sulphate and silica, and changed in depth to very low- grade iron oxide, which finally disappeared, leaving only fissure- walls. Ill this fissure, parallel in strike and dip to the contact, sinking was continued in barren lime until near the 5th level. Here the lime was charged with silver chloride ; and there can be but little doubt that this impregnation came from the fissure, or others parallel to it, which perhaps at a deeper level run to- ward the breccia-contact. A cross-cut was driven from the copper-stope at the 6th level, 200 ft. below the 5th (Fig. 7), with the result that the silver-lime was again found, with 45 to 50 per cent, of lime, so that the presence of a large area of silver-bearing limestone wms thereby demonstrated.

The second class of silver-impregnation in the limestone (those found near, and associated with, the lead-ore bodies) are found towards the eastern part of the camp, and have been principally worked in the San Salvador mine. Their general relation to the lead-ore bodies and to the contact, which is here almost everywhere barren and unaltered, is shown in Fig. 11. There are here two classes of ore, found respectively in the upper and in the lower levels of the lead-deposits. The upper lime-ores usually contain 20 per cent, of lime, and in addition carry 10 to 80 oz. Ag; 3 per cent. Pb ; 3 to 8 per cent. SiOg ; 8 to 10 per cent. BaSO ; 5 per cent. Fe and 5 per cent, Zn. In this ore the silver, existing as chloride, seems to be in the in- terstices of the smaller joint-planes of the lime, and for that reason it is sampled with difliculty. In screening the ore, the fines usually assay 15 to 20 per cent, higher than the coarser fragments. In the lower grades an attempt was made to utilize this fact by screening the broken ore, using the larger and poorer fragments for mine-filling and shipping the fines. This peculiarity has not been observed in any of the other limes, and least of all in those grades where the lime-contents are excep- tionally high. In these latter cases, the silver chloride seems to be uniformly disseminated throughout the whole of the lime- rock ; and, after screening, the fine material assays the same as the coarse.

The lime-ores found in the regions of the lower levels of the lead-stopes are high in lime (usually over 35 per cent. CaO) and

128 The Sierea Mojaha, Coahuila, Mexico, Oee-Deposits.

seem to be, to a great extent, deposited as an ore-body of ap- proximately regular shape, with fairly well-marked boundaries. (See Fig. 11.)

The lime-deposits in San Salvador show in places well- marked faults, along approximately 1, and S. planes ; and the presence of barren patches of limestone is very plainly ob- served. The character and mode of deposition of these ores in the eastern part of the camp is still very imperfectly under- stood ; they run low in both silver and lime ; and it is difficult to mine them with a margin of profit.

3. The Lead-Carbonate Deposits.

The contact-deposits and the allied lime-silver impregna- tions beneath them, though scientifically interesting and eco- nomically valuable, are of minor importance compared with the lead-carbonate ore-bodies found wholly in the main lime- stone formation.

The Sierra Mojada has always been regarded as a source of lead-supply ; and to-day probably two-thirds of the entire pro- duct of the camp is lead-carbonate ore from these last-mentioned deposits. The average assay of the lead-ore, now mined at the rate of 120,000 tons annually, shows approximately 12 oz. of silver per ton and 15 per cent, of lead. At several points the lead carbonate outcropped at the surface .with nothing to obscure its presence ; and a large number of the ore-deposits now worked were opened up very soon after the original dis- covery of the camp. A comparison between Mr. Chism’s section (Fig. 1) and the general section of the San Josh mine (Fig. 7) shows the result of the fourteen years’ work done since Mr. Chism’s paper was written. The lead-ore deposits are everywhere oxidized, and carry varying percentages of iron and silica, according to their respective locations. Between the San Josfe and Jesus Maria mines the lead-ores found near the silica-contact ore are also siliceous in character, containing an excess of silica over iron. In fcJan Jose generally, the lead-ore bodies deposited along the before-mentioned plane, parallel to and 120 ft. S. of the brecciarcontact, are high in silica (con- taining, as a rule, 20 per cent. SiOa, with a small excess of iron) ; but as the ore-bodies are opened up toward the south and farther from the contact, the silica is gradually diminished and

THE SIERRA MOJABA, COAHUILA, MEXICOj ORE-DEPOSITS. 129

the iron increased. In the Lagartijo lead-stopes (the farthest from the contact in San Jose : see Fig. 7), the iron is usually from 50 to 60 and the silica from 3 to 5 per cent.

Ill San Salvador (Fig. 11), in the east part of the camp, the northern ore-body contains from 20 to 25 per cent. SiOg; 10 to 20 Fe; 20 BaSO; 3 CaO ; and 5 Zn. The southern and principal ore-body contains 10 per cent. SiOg, with from 25 to 50 iron oxide, and little or no barium sulphate. In the Yolean Dolores mine, on the contrary, the section of which is similar to that of Esmeralda, as shown on Mr. Chism’s sketch (Fig. 1), the southern part of the ore-deposit is more siliceous than the northern, offering thus a marked contrast to the previously- mentioned cases.

The lead-ore deposits are practically continuous along the foothills of the Sierra Mojada range for more than 2.5 miles from E. to W. Towards their western extremity, in the Ex- ploradora mine, they are found at or near the contact of the lime and breccia ; but towards the E. they gradually recede from the contact, until, in the Fronteriza mine, they are a long dis- tance S. of it.

Figs. 1, 7, 6, 11, 9 and 10 show sections of the ore-bodies in the Esmeralda, San Jose, Exploradora, San Salvador, Dionea and Yeta E.ica mines respectively, and give a fair idea of the changing character and shape of the deposits.

The lead-ore bodies follow to a limited extent the planes of stratification of the limestone, which is nearly horizontal in San Jos6 and Jesus Maria, but much steeper near the Yolean mine and in the Esmeralda ground. (See Mr. Chism’s original sketch, Fig. 1.) As a whole, the formation dips slightly SE., and the lead-ore deposits, towards their eastern limit, are more than 1000 ft. below the surface. In the San Jose mine, the zone of alteration and apparent faulting or disintegration of the lime- stone, previously described, S. of the contact and parallel to it, has yielded an immense quantity of lead carbonates, which had been deposited in the zone of disintegration.

The horizontal ore-bodies, or sheets of ore, extending south- ward from this zone have also supplied for many years a large tonnage of lead carbonates annually. In the upper level of the San Jose mine, where the limestone outcrops at the surface, the isolated horizontal deposit known as the Lagartijo (Fig. 7)

VOL. xxxii. — 8

130 The Sieeha Mojada, Coaeuila, Mexico, Ore-Deposits.

lias been found. Its connection witli the zone of deposition mentioned above as lying parallel to the contact has evidently been removed by erosion. The ore-body shoivn in Mr. Chism s sketch (Fig. 1) is of a similar character, and was at one time connected with a deposit farther north, cither on the contact or along the zone of disintegration described. In this latter ease the limestone strata dip more rapidly towards the south. Mr. Chism’s sketch shows the nature of the San Miguel, Volcan and Dolores lead-deposits, which dip to the south like the Esmeralda deposit.

In the eastern part of the camp, at the San Salvador mine, work has been carried on, since the discovery of the camp, in an ore-hody lying some distance S. of the contact. Along the western boundary of San Salvador the ore outcrops at the surface in a creek-bottom ; and it is continuous eastward throughout the whole of the mine, gradually receding from the contact and appearing at greater depth. From the E. boundary of Salvador it extends through the Encantada, and a considerable distance into the Pronteriza mine, attaining a total length of 4500 feet. On the Salvador-Encantada boundary it is 450 ft., and on the Encantada-Fronteriza boundary *750 ft., below the surface.

A noticeable peculiarity in the eastern part of the camp, particularly in the Salvador mine, is the presence of a shattered and completely broken-up limestone roof over the lead-carbo- nate ores. This shattering appears to have been due to the collapse of the enormous roof after the reduction in bulk of the ore-hody, due to oxidation. This disintegration is in places so complete that the lime, over a considerable area, is made up of small angular fragments, which sometimes run into the stopes like very coarse sand.

Low-Grade Ores.— In addition to the ores actually mined, all the ore-bodies contain immense quantities of low-grade ma- terial and iron oxides. The sections show simply the shape of the ground as mined, and do not accurately show the sixe and extent of the complete deposits. The higher-grade ore is not by any means continuous throughout the ore-deposits; and as cheaper mining and lower freight- and treatment-rates permit poorer ore to be handled with profit, it has been not uncommon to find large and valuable ore-bodies of great size, which were cnthely overlooked when the ground was first prospected. In

THE SIERRA MOJADA, COAHUIIA, MEXICO, ORE-DEPOSiTS. I8l

several of the mines ore-bodies of considerable size have been opened up, years after careful exploration, two or three times renewed, had been made, in poor vein-matter only a few feet away.

The Sierra Mojada ore-bodies, like most of the lead-ore de- posits in limestone in northern Mexico, appear to have been completely oxidized. They are usually roughly horizontal, forming interstratified ore-sheets varying in thickness from 2 to 40 ft. Pipes or pendant columns of ore are often found, extending from the floor of the normal ore-bodies downward to a depth of sometimes 200 ft. These chimneys are more common towards the eastern part of the camp than elsewhere. One of them is shown in the section (Pig. 11) of the San Sal- vador. They often contain from 5000 to 10,000 tons of lead- carbonate ore in their upper portion ; but as depth is increased the contents gradually change, until very little lead or silver remains, ores of these metals being replaced by low-grade siliceous iron oxides. These, in turn, gradually pass into sili- ceous clay, below which the unchanged limestone is found in all directions from the bottom of the hole or pipe. In some of the lower levels of the mine, masses of zinc carbonate have been found; but the presence of zinc sulphide is nowhere prominent. hTo gold is found in any of the mines. In the lead-deposits, very pure lead carbonate is often found associated with large masses of native sulphur and gypsum, both very pure. The segregation is so noticeable that pure gypsum is looked upon as a valuable indication of the proximity of ore. Many car-loads of native sulphur have been shipped to the United States for chemical purposes; and much more has been burned off from the ore in open piles, to make the grade of the lead-carbonate residue high enough for profitable shipment.

Sulphides are encountered in small quantities, usually around the boundaries of the ore-deposits. In the deepest ore-bodies hitherto discovered in the camp (in the San Jos4 and Fronteriza mines), there is no appreciable increase in the relative quantity of the sulphide-ore.

132 Tee Sierra Mojada, Coahuila, Mexico, Ore-Deposits.

V. Methods of Mixing.

1. Early Methods,

For a number of years after the discovery of the Sierra Mojada the ore was mined by a pillar-and-stall method, poorly adapted to ore-bodies showing such marked irregularities in roof and floor, and, at times, such large dimensions in every direction. In several instances, although the ore-bodies were fairly well exposed, the whole mine had become dangerous to work before 20 per cent, of the ore in sight had been extracted. The Mexican owners and operators finally reached a point where they were no longer sure of being able to continue operations. At that time the use of lumber was almost un- known, and its very great cost was considered as prohibitive. The following description of the mining methods employed in 1886, taken from Mr. Chism’s paper,* gives a very good idea of these old methods :

‘'In working the mines, no mechanical appliances of any kind are used except picks and crow-bars. The ore tumbled down in the working-faces by bars and picks is shoveled with the bare hands, or perhaps with a horn spoon, into leather bags, which are brought to daylight on men’s backs [Fig. 14], Here the ore is weighed and delivered to the pickers, who separate the dirt and native sulphur

from it and sort it into grades In the underground work little effort at

regularity is made. The workings follow the richest streaks of the deposit, leav- ing irregular pillars surrounded by tortuous passages, which now and again open into large chambers. There are no proper stopes, all the workings being in reality headings. Descents from one level to another are generally made by the

usual notched sticks Timbering has been resorted to in many places,

but not to the extent one might expect ; and it is often lacking where safety most imperatively requires it.”

It must be admitted that these early methods, which were chiefly confined to following the best ore-streaks, were very successful in discovering and opening up a very large portion of the ore. In several of the mines very little ore has been discovered which was not originally opened up by the first owners; subsequent economies and successes having been effected by more efficient methods of handling and treating the ore. The isolated deposits, however, and the contact-de-

Tra7iis,y XV., 652.

The Sierra Aiojada, Coahuila, Mexico, Ore-Deposits, 133

posits not outcropping at the surface, have practically all been discovered in later years, since the older methods of prospect- ing did not include cross-cutting and driving in barren ground for purposes of investigation.

2. Modem Methods.

Shortl} after Mr. Chism’s description was written, in 1887, an American corporation, the Consolidated Kansas City Smelt- ing and Eefining Co., undertook to work several of the mines, under lease from the owners. Texas lumber was shipped into the camp, da Escalon on the Mexican Central R.R., 75 miles away, at a cost, laid down at the mines, of $40 to |45 XI. S. cur- rency per 1000 ft, board measure. Square-set methods of mining and timbering were introduced. Experienced timber- men from Colorado were employed at first to put in the sets ; but the Mexican miners themselves finally became so skillful that of late years practically all the timbering has been done by native labor. A few years after taking over the mines the American operators built from Escalon to the camp a railroad, which has been one of the most prosperous enterprises in the Republic.

With the introduction of American methods of mining, it was found profitable to re-work the old and but partially-ex- hausted stopes throughout their entire extent. On account of the large size and tiie softness of the lead-ore bodies, the cost of mining has always been low ; and by the introduction of square sets of timbering, carefully filled with rock, the old workings have been kept accessible to a remarkable degree. In the eastern part of the camp the limestone roof over the lead-ore deposits was found to be completely broken up and disintegrated, resembling in its treacherous character an over- lying quicksand. In timbering up to this roof the greatest vigilance was required to prevent a run,” and, in spite of all precautions, a large amount of sandy limestone would often find its way through openings between the timbers. In some instances, men were buried and suffocated by such irruptions of lime-sand ; to prevent which, a thin crust of lead-carbonate ore was, at tirnes, left to assure the solidity of the roof. Re- cently nearly all this ore has been extracted. Square-set tim-

184 The Siehra Mojaha, Coahuila, Mexico, Obe-Heposits.

beiiug is now very generally employed in tbe extraction of the ore. The criticism has been made that “.caring ’’-methods should have been inaugurated, and the opinion has been ex- pressed that if a system of regularly caving the roof of the lead-ore deposits had been adopted, instead of the rock-filled square sets, an increase in both safety and economy might have been effected. Subsequent work, however, has completely vin- dicated the advantages of the square-set method of timbering for this ground. Since the earlier operations, when only ore of much better grade was mined than is the case to-day, it has been found possible to re-work with profit (in some instances three or four times) the ore-bodies in all the mines, because they contained immense quantities of mineral of lower grade than could have been utilized at first, which successive reduc- tions in freight- and treatment-rates gradually rendered avail- able for profitable extraction. Under the “caving” system these low-grade bodies would not have been economically ac- cessible.

In many of the stopes the square sets had been filled, not with lime-rock from the surface, but with low-grade ore from the old workings; and in many cases this filling has been entirely removed and shipped. Moreover, the square-sets, though often crushed and to a great extent demolished, have always per- mitted exploration work around them in all directions, and the ground has been re-worked at a price, and with a facility, which would have been impossible had it been permitted to cave.

The first tiers of sets were laid on the lowest profitable hori- zon of the stopes ; and the timbering was gradually carried upward in a series of vertical slices toward the roof. When the whole area of the ore-body had thus been gradually and completely mined (in some cases over a horizontal extent of 10 acres, and with more than 24 sets from floor to roof), the whole superincumbent weight of limestone had to be supported. It was only by careful and thorough rock-filling that security was obtained and collapse prevented. Since then, much ore of profitable grade has been discovered to be below the old square-set stopes, and thousands of square sets have been sunk from the old sets by “ hangers.” To-day, no difl&culty is

The Siekra Mojaba, Coahuila, Mexico, Ore-Beposits. 135

found in safely mining an ore-deposit of hard or soft ore lying directly under a worked-oiit and filled stope, where the over- head pressure is very great indeed; and the additional quantity of timber required is very small. The method employed is to sink one line of sets vertically to the lowest point where slop- ing is to be re-commenced. These sets are suspended from 10 by 10-in. beams, 16 ft. long, reaching over three or more sill- pieces of the old sets. The new sets to be sunk are hung from these beams by pieces of 3 by 6-in. lagging nailed to the hew sills, and the overlying 16-ft. stringer. After the new floor is reached (which may be 6 ft. or 60 ft. below the old floor), new sets are thrown out horizontally, using the initial column or columns of suspended sets with hangers, as winzes or man- ways. The new sets are started in the usual way, being filled with rock, and gradually tied up to the old upper sets as the work proceeds. The San Salvador mine (where over one mil- lion tons of ore has been mined from what is practically one continuous ore-body) and the lead-ore deposits in the San Jose have all been re-worked once, and in some cases two and three times, a large proportion of the output having been obtained by re-opening and continuing in every direction old, square-set stopes. It is certain that much of this ground could never have been cheaply prospected and re-examined, and thereby made available, under any other system of timbering.

Mining the Lime-Ores , — The last-mentioned method is em- ployed in the mining of soft lead carbonates, often sandy in character, and usually with a soft roof or floor, or both, com- posed either of low-grade iron oxides or rotten limestone. In mining the lime-ores an entirely diflferent proposition has to be faced.

In the lime stopes, which are always hard, very large cham- bers, 60 by 100 ft. or more, can be opened up with safety (Fig. 12). Finally, however, it is found desirable to support the roof on account of the very large area exposed. The distance from the floor to the roof exceeds, at times, 75 ft., and attempts have been made to support the latter by a large num- ber of 12 to 14-in. posts, filling in the spaces between the posts with waste rock, as the roof is gradually stoped away. A space of from 6 to 8 ft. is left between the ore in the roof

13G The Siekka Mojada, Coahcila, Mexico, Oee-Deposits.

and the filled floor. As the posts are gradually buried, new ones are placed upon the old ones or upon the rock-filling, and the roof is carried ujiwards. This method has not proved ailtogether satisfactory, and is now seldom employed. The floor of the stope is usually not absolutely barren, but simply is of too low a grade to be mined. Later, when it is desired to prospect or work below, to obtain information, the ground filled by this method is much less accessible and more costly to reopen than a stope filled with square-sets. For this reason square-sets are generally employed in the lime-stopes, although they are not usually put into place until the stope is of large size. A large number of sets are then put up at once, from floor to roof, and solidly filled with waste rock. The space around the margin of the stope is usually left open for sam- pliuff. The square-sets are used here as a holder or frame- work for the column of waste rock which supports the roof. As the lime-ore is usually of low grade, leaving a very small margin of profit for mining, it seems a pity to spend for timber 75 cts, U. S. currency per ton of ore mined; but hitherto no more desirable method has been suggested which will compare with this in eflflciency.

Prospecting . — In the lead-ores lying completely in the lime- stone, prospecting is almost unnecessary. An immense sum of money which has, indeed, been spent in driving in barren lime, looking for lead-ores, has simply been thrown away ; since the ore found has finally proved to be apart of some deposit already worked some distance away. The time-honored maxim which advises the miner to “ stay with his ore ” applies with great force in this locality. The reductions of recent years in freight- and treatment-rates have enabled ore to be mined at a profit which could not be touched before ; and this has been the principal factor in maintaining the prosperity of the camp. The mining of low-grade deposits has resulted again and again in the discovery of ore-shoots of higher grade, entirely separated by zones of low-grade mineral from the deposits formerly worked. This is a very encouraging feature attending the mining of low-grade fluxing-ores, which in themselves leave only a minimum profit to the miner. In such ground there is no better way to expend money on investigations than to follow

The Sierra Mojada Coahuila, Mexico, Ore-Deposits. 137