Alaska and the gold fields of the Yukon, Koyukuk, Tanana, Klondike and their tributaries [microform]
In presenting this pamphlet to the public we do 'o, giving them the most authentic information that it is possible to get in regard to {his new and wonderful
Overview
Alaska and the gold fields of the Yukon, Koyukuk, Tanana, Klondike and their tributaries [microform] is an 1898 historical mining reference by North American Transportation and Trading Company, preserved in the Mountain Man Mining research library. In presenting this pamphlet to the public we do 'o, giving them the most authentic information that it is possible to get in regard to {his new and wonderful…
This 1898 document, Alaska and the gold fields of the Yukon, Koyukuk, Tanana, Klondike and their tributaries [microform], is preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library for research and reference. Original source: archive.org.
Alaska
And The
Gold Fields
Of The
Yukon, Koyukuk, Tanana
Klondike
AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES, — e
North-American Transportation 0 Trading Co.
General Offices: The Rookery, - Chicago, Ill.
1.755 Pacific Coast Office: — Seattle, Wash.
Wholesale Dealers In
Hardware, lron, Steel, Etc.
Shelf Hardware and Cutlery, Mining, Milling and Logging Supplies,
Powder, Caps and Fase,
Ship Chandlery,
Library Montreal Office
ye and Cordage.
PECIALTY, tt st tt tt rtutututut ut ut
Aecnienceenennatemesss iS
'Le, Washington.
Alaska
And The
ee
Gold Fields
ms North American Transportation & Trading Company. DRAFTS PAYABLE IN ALASKA.
For the convenience of persons wishing to send funds to friends
- of representatives in Alaska, and for those wishing to avoid carrying a
large amount of currency on their person to Alaska; the Chicago
Office of the North American Transportation and Trading Co.
issues drafts on their Posts at Dawson, Fort Cudahy and Circle City
- at a Minimum charge of 2 per cent. These drafts are payable in
gold dust at the current rate of exchange, which in 1898 was calcufated at $16.00 per ounce,
3 Apply to Chicago Office, 729-731 Rookery Building.
BY THE NORTH AMERICAN TRANSPORTATION AND TRADING CoO,
The A:ctic institute ' of North America
C8 ea ateiemune Naas mening ase Femina ne ee a a
Wholesale Dealers In
Hardware,
Library
'Le, Washington.
Montreal Office
Alaska
And The
Of The
Yukon, Koyukuk, Tanana
Klon Dmc E
- And Their Tributaries.
By The North American Transportation And Trading Co.
The Acctic institute Zz / of F.
ALASKA. 7 Pe
a
In presenting this pamphlet to the public we do 'o, giving them the most authentic information that it is possible to get in regard to {his new and wonderful country. The great extent of the Yukon Basin necessitates the publication of this pamphlet each year as the developments made by its mining and prospecting population are so rapid that new matter is absolutely essential in order that the outside world may keep thoroughly posted and up to date on Alaska matters. With each arrival from the interior of Alaska, new stories of rich strikes are brought down and the steady stream of northbound prospectors increases. There is no country at present that offers such splendid opportunities to the young man as Alaska. If he has capital he can purchase and develop mines or engage in business of various kinds. If he is without means he can locate a mine and work it for himself or he can secure employment through many different sources ae good wages.
The transportation facilities have been so increased during the past year that the trip from Seattle to any Yukon point, instead of being one of hardship, is really a recreation trip, landing the passenger at destination full of new life and vigor. Supplies of all kinds can now
be purchased at any of the N. A. T. & T. Co.'s numerous stores, at
reasonable prices.
North American Transportation And Trading Company.
The history of the North American Transportation and Trading Company exhibits a remarkable growth, and is largely due to the business genius, courage and executive ability of Portus B. Weare, John Qudahy and Capt. John Healy. It was Capt. Healy who in 1892 induced P. B. Weare and John Cudahy to invest in what has proven to be such a successful enterprise. Capt. Healy had for a number of years been identified with mining and trading on the frontier of Montana and Idaho, and just previous to the time he saw Mr. Weare and Mr. Cudahy, had been conducting a trading post at Dyea, Alaska, for seven years. It was here that he heard from prospectors coming out from tue interior that the Yukon country offered great opportunities for the establishment of a trading and transpor- 'ation company that would work in harmony with the natives and try and build up the country. It was with this view in sight that he landed in Chicago and found a congenial mind in P. B. Weare, who aided him in establishing a company with a paid up capital of $50,000.
In April, 1892, J. J. Healy, J. C. Barr and C. H. Hamilton came to Seattle in company with Mr. Weare. Tere they chartered the steamer "Alice Blanchard", sailing for St. Michaels in July, and taking with them material and machinery for a river steamer, the "P. B. Weare"; also a stock of 300 tons of supplies. They landed at St. Michaels after a voyage of 29 days, and there put together the river steamer, starting up the Yukon in the latter part of September,
first, however, building a log house at St. Michaels and leaving an
Indian in charge. At Nulato, about 600 miles up the river, the steamer unfortunately was frozen in for the winter, which put a stop to operations that year. As soon as the river opened in 18938, the steamer proceeded on her voyage and arrived at Fort Cudahy, where the company established its first trading post.
In the summer of 1894 another stock of supplies was sent in
via St. Michaels; where a post was now established. This shipment was met at St. Michaels by the steamer "Weare" and successfully carried to Forty Mile, the post at Ft. Cudahy doing a constantly increasing business.
Capt Healy came out in the fall of '94, for the first time. He went direct to Chicago and purchased the supply of goods for the. ensuing year, and returned to Alaska with them. In the meantime the capital of the company was increased to $100,000. A new post at Cirele City was established in 1895, and the post at St. Michaels considerably enlarged. Mr. Ely KH. Weare, at that time president of the company, went in to Alaska in the spring of 1896, taking with him a large supply of merchandise. The second river boat, the "John J. Healy," was built this year, but no new posts were established, although the one at St. Michaels was again enlarged. The capital stock of the company was increased to $450,000 and Mr. Michael i Cudahy, Ernest A. Hamill and Chas. L. Hutchinson taken into membership.
It was in 1897 that the attention of the world was directed to Alaska, and it was a notable year for the N. A. T. & T. Co. A third river boat was built, the "C. H. Hamilton," and stations opened at
Weare and Rampart. Two hotels were built at St. Michaels, each having a capacity of 200 guests, and large docks and warehouses were built under the direction of the company's agent.
Ta the winter of '97 the contract was let for four new river boats, the "John Cudahy," "T. C. Power," "J. C. Barr" and "Klondike," and the capital of the company was increased to $1,000,000.
The elegant ocean 8. S. Roanoke was purchased in the spring of 1898, and placed on the Seattle-St. Michaels run. She is a beautiful steamer and very popular with Alaska travelers. Capt. Healy came out on the last trip of the "Roanoke" in the fall of 98, and arranged for the purchase of merchandise for the various stores in Alaska for the 1899 trade. A change in officers was made at the annual meeting
RES erat ASN ed it Rare einai Cer! an aged
of the directors and stockholders, whose names will be found on a i ' succeeding page. i ;
; Sy G
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shipment fully car- r increas-me
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to
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spring of beautiful Aly came arranged aska for meeting nd on a
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Officers Of The Company.
Following is a list of the officers of the North American Transportation and Trading Company with their several addresses. Little more need be said of them than that they are gentlemen of integrity and high standing, most favorably known to the public in connection with this interest, and that their names alone are a guarantee of the company's resolve to do all that is possible for the welfare and convenience of intending settlers in Alaska.
EXECUTIVE. MICHAEL CUDAHY, President, - - - Chicago, Ill. JOHN H. DWIGHT, Vice-President, - - Chicago, Il. JOHN J. HEALY, General Manager, - Dawson, N. W. T. C. A. WEARE, Treasurer. - - - Chicago, Ill. ULRIC KING, Sec'y & Asst. Treas., - Chicago, Ill. DiRECTORS. MICHAEL CUDAHY, - . Chicago, Il. JOHN CUDAHY, - - - - - Chicago, Iil. J.H. DWIGHT - - - - + Chicago, Ill. P, B. WEARE, " - - - a Chicago, Ill. Cc. A. WEARE, - - - - Chicago, Ill. ELY E. WEARE, - - - - Deion, N. W. T. JOHN J. HEALY, - - - Dawson, N. W. T. TRAFFIC. A. N. GRAY, General Traffic Manager, - Chicago, Ii.
E. G. McMICKEN, Gen'I Frt. and Passenger Agent, Seattle, Wash.
ACCOUNTING. R. S. BUCHANAN, Auditor, - - - - Chicago, Ill. LEGAL. FREDERICK BAUSMAN, Attorney, - - Seattle, Wash.
General Offices,
729-731 The Rookery, Chicago, Ill.
PACIFIC COAST OFFICE: Cor. Yesler and Occidental Aves., Seattle, Wash.
Offices
: 5 AND aemenagr" STORES.
Since the establishment of the North American Transportation and Trading Co., stores and offices have been opened and maintained at the following places:
General Offices:
729-731 The Rookery, Chicago, Ill.
Pacific Coast Office:
Cor Yesler and Occidental Avenues, Seattle, Washington.
Alaska Headquarters.
HEALY, St. Michaels Island. HAMILTON, Yukon River. WEARE, Yukon River, PEAVY, Koyukuk River. RAMPART, Yukon River, FORT YUKON, Yukon River, CIRCLE, Yukon River, EAGLE, Yukon River, FORT CUDAHY, Yukon River, DAWSON, Yukon River,
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ukon River, ukon River.
North American Transportation'& Trading Co. Fleet.
OCEAN STEAMSHIPS. "S. S. ROANOKE"—Lloyds register, Al. Iron hull, three decks, single screw. ; Length, 300 feet; beam 41 feet. Tonnage, 1654; passenger capacity, 500; electric lighted, Speed, 15 knots; draft, 18 feet. Engines, Compound Surface Condensing. Armament, one one-pounder rapid fire maxim gun. RIVER STEAMERS-— Freight and Passenger. "J. C. BARR"—Iron hull; flat bottom; stern wheel. Built 1898; registered tonnage 160; electric lighted. Fastest trip St. Michaels to Dawson, 15 days. "P, B. WEARE"—Wood hull; flat bottom; stern wheel. ' Built 1892; registered tonnage, 300. "JOHN J. HEALY"—Wood hull; flat bottom; stern wheel. Built 1896; registered tonnage, 300. "JOHN CUDAHY"—Wood hull; flat bottom; stern wheel. Length, 190 feet; beam, 32 feet; electric lighted. — Built 1898; registered tonnage, 250. Fastest trip St. Michaels to Dawson, 124 days; round trip, 184. "C. H. HAMILTON"—Wood hull; flat bottom; stern wheel. Length, 190 feet; beam, 32 feet; electric lighted. Built 1891'; registered tonnage, 250. "T. C. POWER"—Wooc hull; flat bottom; stern wheel. Length, 190 feet; beam, 32 feet; electric lighted. Built 1898; registered tonnage, 250. RIVER STEAMERS-Freight Only. "K LONDIKE"—Wood hull; flat bottom; stern wheel. Built 1898; tonnage, 75. — Towing capacity, 500 tons. "ST. MIUHAELS"'—Wood hull; flat bottom; stern wheel. Tonnage, 60; towing capacity, 300 tons. OCEAN TUG. ; : "ERNEST A. HAMILL"—Iron hull and house. Length, 105 feet; beam, 23 feet; tonnage, 163. Built 1898; depth of hold, 9 feet 3 inches. Two engines, 550 horse power each. OCEAN SAILING VESSELS. "SCHOONER MARY ANN"—Wooden hull; freighter; tonnage, 160. : "SCHOONER EDITH"—Wooden hull, freighter; tonnage, 20. LAUNCHES, "CELIA"—Wood hull; tonnage 60. "NORDICA"—Wood hull; tonnage, 80. RIVER FREIGHT BARGES. "J. J. MITCHELL"—Wood hull; flat bottom. Built 1898; tonnage, 180. "C. L. HUTCHINSON"—Wood hull; flat bottom. Built 1898; tonnage, 180. "No. 3"—Wood hull; flat bottom. Built 1898; tonnage, 180. ;
ETT ee CRP ee I ee ee
Co. Fleet.
l, three decks,
'
lighted,
heel.
1eel.
ound trip, 184. wheel.
tonnage, 160. ge, 20.
MICHAEL CUDAHY, President.
General Manager.
Healy
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Witenes
Treasurer.
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JOHN CUDAHY, Director.
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irs
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ELY E. WEARE, Director.
Eagle City District.
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Galovin Bay and Fish River District.
Nuggets of Fact.
thrown together, in their briefest form, so as promptly to inform t reader of the vastness and value of this wonderland of the north:
The Alaska Territory.
Some striking facts about Alaska and its great river are h
Alaska became ours 32 years ago.
Its coast line is 26,000 miles.
Area in square miles, 531,409.
Gold first discovered in 1878.
It has the greatest sea! fisheries.
Whole forests break into the sea.
It has the greatest salmon fisheries.
It runs 1,500 miles west of Hawaii.
It has the largest river in the world.
Some streams are bridged by glaziers.
Estimated present population, 100,000.
Product of gold in 1898, $14,000,000.
Snow shoes are needed in the country.
It has the best yellow cedar in the world.
Avalanches in the interior are unknown.
It has cod banks that beat Newfoundland.
It makes San Francisco east of our center.
It is as large as the South, including Texas.
The salmon pack for 1898 was 225,000 cases.
The Treadwell is one of its greatest gold mines.
It has the highest mountains in North America.
It is eight times as large as all of New England. Estimated product of gold to date, $55,000,000.
Alaska is two and one-half times as large as Texas.
It has the only forest-covered glacier in the world.
Some wood is beautifully polished by glacier action. Owing to dryness there is not much suffering from cold. Principal occupations of the natives, hunting and fishing. When Alaska was annexed it only had 430 white residents. One small tribe makes $20,000 a vear from silver-fox skins. The Indian name "Al-ay-ck-sa" means "the great country." Governor of the territory, James D. Brady; residence at Sitka. Klondike in English is Deer River. The river is so designated
on the maps.
The Klondike River is 40 yards wide at its mouth. Water shallow
and clear—blue in color.
Purchased in 1867 from Russia for $7,200,000; the purchase negotiated
by William H. Seward.
The necessary eruptive force for the formation of great fissure
veins is everywhere evident in Alaska.
Population (census of 1890,) 30,329, of whom but 4,416 were
whites, 8,400 Esquimanx, and 13,735 Indians.
The Arctic institute : of North America
Tory.
great river are here promptly to inform the ind of the north:
es. ca.
nd.
PXas,
prid.
ction.
rom cold.
nd fishing.
ite residents.
er-fox skins.
eat country." sidence at Sitka.
ver is so designated
ith. Water shallow the purchase negoon of great fissure
bm but 4,416 were
NRE Stes RIE NEE Iie ig asa Soa eR ta
Principal mountains: Mount Logan, altitude 19,500 feet; Mount St. Elias, 18,100; Mount Wrangel, 17,500 feet.
Principal cities; Sitka (the capital), Juneau, Skaguay, Healy, Weare, Rampart, Circle City, Kagle City and Cudahy.
It is as large as all the States east of the Mississippi and north of the Ohio, including Virginia and West Virginia.
Yukon gold fields are partly in American and partly in British territory, the product is disposed of in the United States.
Hints for Trail and Camp.
The following bits of suggestion were based on the experience of the Klondike pioneers und will apply at least in part to all Alaskan gold-seekers:
On the road to the gold diggings, don't waste a single ounce ot anything, even if you don't like it. Put it away, and it will come handy when you do like it.
If it is ever necessary to cache a load of provisions, put all articles next to the ground which would be most affected by heat, providing at the same time that dampness will not affect their food properties to any great extent. After piling your stuff. load it over carefully with heavy rocks. 'T'ake your compass bearings, and also note in your pocketbook some land marks near by, and also the direction in which they look from your cache—i. e., make your cache, if possible, come between exactly north and south of two given prominent marks. In this way, even though covered by snow, you can locate "your existence." forget that it is so.
Shoot a dog, if vou have to, behind the base of the skull, a horse between the ears, ranging downward. Press the trigger of your rifle; don't pull it; don't catch hold of the barrel when thirty degrees below is registered. Watch out for getting snow in your barrel. If you do, don't shoot it ont.
A little dry grass or hay in the inside of your mitts, next your hands, will promote great heat, especially when it gets damp from the moisture of vour hands. After the mitts are removed from the hands, remove the hay from the mitts and dry it. Failing that, throw it away.
If by any chance you are traveling across a plain (no trail) and a fog comes up, or a blinding snow storm, either of which will prevent your taking your bearings, camp and don't move for anyone until all is clear again. ;
Keep all your drawstrings on clothing in good repair. Don't forget to use your goggles when the sun is bright on snow. A fellow is often tempted to leave them off. Don't you do it.
If you build a sledge for extreme cold, don't use steel runners. Use tyvooden and freeze water on same before starting out. Repeat the process, if'it begins to drag and screech.
If you cannot finish your rations for one day, don't nut back any part, but put into your personal canvas outfit bag; you will need it later on.
Take plenty of tow for packing possible cracks in your boat; also .wo pounds of good puty, some canvas and, if possible. a small cap of tar or white lead.
Greeco-Russian Church, Unalaska.
"8.8. Roanoke," Loaded with Gold Seckers, Leaving Seattle for Healy, St. Michael's Island, 1898.
ng Seattle
: Establish camp rules, especially regarding the food. Allot rations; those while idle should be less than when at work, and also pro rata during heat and cold.
ES Keep your furs in'good repair. One little slit may cause you un- 9 a told agony during a march in a heavy storm. You cannot tell when such will be the case.
Travel as much on clear ice towards your goal as possible in the 'Yspring. Don't try to pull sledges over snow, especially if soft or
Be sure, during the winter, to watch your foot gear carefully. Change w et stockings before they freeze, or you may lose a toe or foot.
In building a sledge use lushing entirely. Bolts and: screws rack
a sledge to pieces in rough going, while lashing will "give".
Keep the hood of your kooletah back from your head, if not too cold, and allow the moisture from your body to escape that way. . When your nose is bitterly cold, catch hold of it an:! pull and squeeze it. : 3 Don't try to carry more than forty pounds of stuff the first day, anyway. e If your furs get wet, dry them in a medium temperature. Don't hold them near the fire. No mén can continuously drag more than his own weight. Remember that this is a fact. In cases of extreme cold at toes and heel, wrap a piece of fur over each extremity.
Keep your sleeping bag clean. If it becomes inhabited, freeze the ® inhabitants out.
Remember success follows economy and persistency on an expedition like yours.
White snow over a crevasse if hard, is safe. Yellow or dirt color, never. a Don't eat snow or ice. Go thirsty until you can melt it. Shoot a deer behind the shoulder or in the head.
Choose your bunk as far from tent door as possible. Keep a fire-hole open near your camp.
thee mage
Alaska Life in a Nutshell
tS . ° ° .
4 Alaska is rich with gold, silver, copper and coal.
ic Men with stomach ailments or weak lungs should not venture in it. if Physically strong men live there with comfort and profit.
4 Inexperienced miners are not wanted and will fail oftener than © they will succeed.
7' Provisions are not expensive when the freight haul necessary to
get them there is considered.
The temperature ranges from forty to eighty degrees below in winter, but the air being so dry it is not severe.
American vegetables are easily raised.
The natives are peaceable, but the Greek Catholic Church is said to show much opposition to their learning English and to the coming . of Mnglish speaking people.
wd ast
Roe : a 21
The Yukon:
It is larger than La Plata.
It is larger than the Danube.
It is larger than the Orinoco.
With its tributaries it is navigable 2,500 miles.
The water is fresh fifteen miles from its mouth.
Yukon basin gold is estimated at $5,000,000,000.
It has more gold in its basin than any other river.
The Yukon River is not open at its mouth until after the 15th day of June.
Its color is beautifully blue to its junction with the White River, 1,100 miles above its mouth.
In purchasing transportation, remember that the North American Transportation & Trading Co. has had a line of steamers established on the Yukon River for over seven years.
A History in One Paragraph.
The northwest coast of that part of America embracing Alaska was discovered and explored by a Russian expedition under Behring in 1741, and at subsequent periods settlements were made by the Russians at various places, chiefly for the prosecution of the fur trade. In 1799 the territory was granted to a Russo-American fur company by Emperor Paul VIII, and in 1839 the charter of the company was renewed. New Archangel, in the island of Sitka, was the principal settlement, but the company maintained about forty stations. They exported annually 2,500 skins of the seal, sea otter, beaver, ctc., besides about 20,000 sea-horse teeth. The company's privilege expired in 1868, and in 1867 the whole Russian possessions in America. were ceded to the United States for a money payment of $7,200,000. Possession was formally given over on the 18th of October following.
The Alaskan Climat:
Now that it has been tested by the experience of thousands the climate of the Alaskan territory is not such a terrible ordeal as it was formerly imagined. The short summer, extending from about the middle of June to about the middle of September, is part of the time intensely hot, unrelieved by the long nights of the temperate zone; and the winter with its long night and strangely long twilight, is not" as unbearable as was supposed if one is provided against its severity and takes care to use suitable, but not excessive clothing.
A brief synopsis of the facts, as made by the officials of the Weather Bureau, states that "the climate of the interior, including practically all of the country except a narrow coast margin, is com-
Greater cold than has yet been recorded in Alaska has been experienced in the United States for a very short time, but never has it continued so very cold for so long a time. In the interior of Alaska the winter sets in as early as September, when snowstorms may be expected in the mountains and passes.
after the 15th day the White River,
the North Ameriof steamers estab-racing
Alaska was under Behring in made by the Rusthe fur trade. In n fur company by the company was was the principal y stations. They , beaver, ete., beprivilege expired in America. were $7,200,000. Poser following.
of thousands the ordeal as it was from about the part of the time temperate zone;
g twilight, is not
ainst its severity ing. officials of the terior, including margin, is com- t, but relatively d.
has been experut never has it terior of Alaska rms may be ex-ye
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Ice Breaking Up on Yukon River, at Circle City, Alaska.
The changes of temperature from winter to summer are rapid, owing to the great increase in the length of the day. In May the sun rises about 8 A.M. and sets about 9 P. M. In June it rises at 1:30 o'clock in the morning and sets about 10:30 o'clock, giving about twenty hours of daylight and diffuse twilight the remainder of the time. The mean summer temperature in the interior doubtless ranges between 60 and 70 degrees, according to elevation, being highest in the middle and lower Yukon valleys.
A Modern Eldorado.
The Yukon and its Gold.
What the Nile is to Egypt, the Amazon to South America, the Mississippi to the interior of the United States, that and even more the Yukon is to Alaska. It is a great inland highway, which alone makes it possible for the explorer to penetrate the mysterious fastnesses of the still unknown region. Its present interest for us, however, is that it opens up a region of vast natural wealth and especially that its basin is found to be rich in gold.
Gold mining in the Yukon district may be said to have been initiated in 1880, though little was done in that year except a certain amount of prospecting by twenty-five or thirty miners, who entered by the way of Chilkoot Pass. Since then a yearly increasing number of miners have entered the country at various points, and river bars have been worked with good results on different parts of the Lewis and its
tributary, the Teslintoo (Hootalinqua) and on the Pelly and the Stewart rivers. In 1886 most of the work was done on the Stewart, but in consequence of the discovery of "coarse" gold on Forty. Mile Creek, nearly all of the miners went to that place. This was the first discovery of coarse gold in the district, but since the rich creeks have been found out it may safely be predicted that many more will follow. Prospecting has so far been confined almost exclusively to the large rivers, and the mining to river-bar mining, but the fact has been developed that gold occurs in greater or Jess quantity on all the streams, and the extent of the gold-hearing river bars already known is, in the aggregate, almost unprecedented.
The Klondike Gold Region
Next to the name of the great river itself, that of the Klondike has become most familiar in connection with Alaskan gold seeking. 'As events are rapidly proving, this is not entirely due to any greater riches on this than some of the other tributaries, but to the fact that the gold of the Klondike district was the first to cause sensation in the cities of the United States, and thus lead to an influx of resolute miners.
Gold in the Klondike district was discovered by George Washington Carmack, a Californian. He spent three days prospecting . on Bonanza creek, but fonnd nothing satisfactory until he reached Discovery claim, about midway on the creek, where he panned out $12
a eee
ummer are rapid,
In May the sun ne it rises at 1:30 ck, giving about remainder of the r doubtless ranges being highest in
uth America, the it and even more way, which alone ystrious fastnesses or us, however, is id especially that
to have been inexcept a certain s, who entered by easing number of id river bars have the Lewis and its lly and the Stewthe Stewart, but 'orty Mile Creek,
as the first disrich creeks have more will follow. ely to the large act has been de-all
the streams, known is, in the
of the Klondike nn gold seeking. e to any greater to the fact that se sensation in flux of resolute
eorge Washingys prospecting ntil he reached panned out $12
, iq th Or et a
N. A. T. & T. Co.'s steamer, "T. C. Power," discharging passengers and cargo at Dawson.
Setting
in a very few minutes. This was August 16, 1896. The next day
H located for himself Discovery claim and No. 1 below. Nos. 1 and above were located for his two Indian associates, brothers of his I dian wife. Carmack then joined his family at the mouth of the Klo dike, and soon after went to Forty Mile, where he related his go fortune.
This was the beginning of the Klondike. Forty Mile was quick] abandoned for the Klondike, as were also the diggings about Cire City. Still, the Klondike diggings were very different from tho: elsewhere on the Yukon, and it was months after Bonanza, Eldorad and surrounding creeks had been located and recorded before muc faith was placed in any of them. The Yukon miners were used t surface mining and, as a rule, did not consider ground worth anythin that did not pay from the surface down. Along the Klondike's tril utaries the surface in many places was covered by moss and muc and developments have shown that the rich gold bearing strata li a' ong the bed-rock, which are five to twenty feet below the surface Many claims were sold in October and November, 1896, for as man) dollars as they would now bring thousands. One claim on Eldorad creek was located by a young man who sold it a few days later for $85 The purchaser never put a pick into it and sold it early in April, 1897 for $31,000, Canadian money. Within six weeks afterward $130,00( was taken out of this claim.
Within a year after Carmack's discovery the Klondike had pro duced over $5,500,000, and by far the greater part of this was taker out between December and June.
Golovin Bay—A New Field.
ifs The Golovin Bay and Fish River district, situated about 75 miles north from St. Michaels Island, was prospected for the first time Hi l during the fall of 1898. Prospects were not very encouraging until Ball "Ophir" and "Melsing" Creeks, tributaries of the 'Neuckluck River, Pie were prospected. Here excellent results were obtained, panings ranging from $1.85 to $22.00. The placers should be very easy to work, as bed rock is reached at a depth of from 3 to 8 feet, and the climate is not severe. Good timber about 18 inches thick and from 40 to 60 feet long, can be secured a short distance north of the Neuckluck River, which is the principal tributary of the Fish River. The most reliable map of this district will be found in the front of this pamphlet.
is a reduction from the original map made by Gifford Sumner. There will be a great many people go to these new fields in 1899, and the "N. A. T. & T. Co.'s" route via Healy, St. Michaels Island,
is the best.
Gold in all Directions.
It is well ascertained now that no one tributary of the Yukon can yet claim first place as a gold-producing water course. The country is very large. Gold-bearing gravel is found on nearly every creek, and every man who has provisions enough to carry him through the winter is mining on his own account. There are many unlucky ones, however, who can not find a pay streak for themselves and these have
to starve or work for what wages they can get with other taking out gold by the pound all around them. They are the same kind of in-
96. The next day he below. Nos. 1 and 2 s, brothers of his Inie mouth of the Klon- e he related his good
orty Mile was quickly diggings about Circle different from those er Bonanza, Eldorado recorded before much miners were used to ound worth anything + the Klondike's trib- 1 by moss and mud, ld bearing strata lie et below the surface. r, 1896, for as many ie claim on Eldorado ew days later for $85. early in April, 1897, s afterward $130,000
2 Klondike had proart of this was taken
1ated about 75 miles d for the first time ry encouraging until he 'Neuckluck River, ained, panings rang- e very easy to work, feet, and the climate k and from 40 to 60 h of the Neuckluck sh River. The most pnt of this pamphlet. afford Sumner. p new fields in 1899, St. Michaels Island,
y of the Yukon can burse. The country nearly every creek, y him through the many unlucky ones, elves and these have th other taking out e same kind of in-
: e ; a
of California in 49. many varying forms that even the best experts are frequently deceived.
f dividuals who sit all day on the pier unable to catch a puny perch, while their companions haul out fine bass by the score.
Prospecting for gold is a curious lottery. One man skilled in the business and
eager to make a rica strike, will carefully search over a strip of country
without finding a trace of color. Along will come a tenderfoot, who
© doesn't know gold when he sees it. He will scratch away in the most
unlikely of places, to the amusement of the wise ones and finally unearth
a deposit of fabulous richness.
This is as strangely true of the Yukon country to-day as it was The fact is, gold appears unexpectedly in so
The richest deposits in the Klondike lie next to the bed rock and are inky black in color. The gravel over these contains bright yellow, dull yellow and reddish hued gold. These latter forms are easily recognized, but the black deposit is one that might be readily overlooked were it not that word of its true nature has gone forth throughout the whole country.
Source of Yukon Gold.
From a geological point of view it is mostly found practicable, in
gold-producing regions, to trace back the previous metal to its rockribbed source. The case is different in Alaska. The geologists are all puzzled. The peculiar character of the deposit, buried next to bed rock under many feet of more recently formed earth, and mixed with a grav ' which is now found only far under ground, gives plausility to the theory that it was carried there ages ago by some monster glacier. If this idea is correct, the gold now being dug must have been dug from some fabulously rich mother lode by the attrition of the ice. All over that region there are undeniable marks of glacial action. Valleys have been hewn through rocks which date far back in the world's formation by geological chronology. Boulders, smooth and rounded by being rolled onward, under an irresistible pressure, are found hundreds of miles away from the spot in which they were originally placed by the workings of nature. The very gravel which carries the gold is unlike any gravel to be met with above ground and wherever the bed rock has been uncovered it shows plain marks of the grinding process to which it has been subjected.
Along the valleys the sides of the rocky walls are c.eased in a manner which to the practiced observer, tells plainly of the force that did the wonderful work. It is along the creeks now running in these glacier formed valleys that the richest gold deposits have been discovered. There is no sign of volcanic action, no comingling of the gold with other metals, as is common in other parts of the world. It is simply pure, native gold, ground off from some huge block of the same material], from a "mother lode," as the miners call it. Where is this mother lode?. Who knows? The course of the glacier was from the north. Perhaps the great source of gold supply lies in that direction; perhaps it has been entirely ground away by the glacier and its remnants are those now being garnered by the hardy prospectors of the Yukon. If the lode is still in existence, as a good many authorities believe, the man who finds it will have wealth at his command, beside which the riches of Croesus will be paled into insignificance.
A henge ee
ee CAPO I THE
-Following tables are brought down to January 1, 1898, and exhibi respectively, the total product of gold for 1897 in the states and ter ritories of the United States, as verified by the records of the Unite States mint and the product of gold in the various gold-producin countries of the world for the same period: mera a cect
STATES uartz, Placer. Fine Ozs. Fine Ozs. Alabama ] 400] aska : Pokaan cares ; MRC ec cacidtses. Gi Arigona s.e0.08: 121,489; 6201S, Carolina California... Eceexecuvean 29,094 South Dakota Colorado.. ' 57 career ai georgia 6,163} #$$1,208 fiTexas coseee| SEO] sevens Idaho 807 44,006 fUtah ] 89,297) Maryland 12 Michigan 3,032 Montana ' 184096} $33,419 |Wyoming 06.] severe Nevada... 148,302 a N. Me. ico. . sees] 2,226] 1,645] Total 2,525,387
It would appear from the above that less than one-third of the silver product of the United States is derived from mines producing silver ores proper, and that considerably more than two-thirds of the entire silver output of the United States is a product from the smelting of lead and copper ores, although this product i is frequently more valuable than the other metals contained.
Approximate value of the product of Gold and Silver in the United States in the calender year 1897, distributed by producing States and Territories, as estimated by the director of the mint.
Status Gold, Total Sean Tereitortres| Value. Value. TeRRiToRIEs.
Alabama $7,400 stot 9
Alaska 5778, 50,497| 1,928,497/Oregon,. Arizona 2,895, 2, 306, 032| 5,791,93218, "Carolina... California. oe 4, 618, "613, 66) 15. "231,6 66S. Dakota 43606 Colorado. 19/104, 27,974, georgia 49, 776 :150,076/Texas ; aho 1,701,700) 6,336,905 8,038,605/Utah .°. Iowa RAT ErIn Maryland. . Caveehas 100 Leena: jagele Michigan... 62,7 77,964, 140,664] Washington.. Minnesota . 3,000} yoming ontana 4,373,400) 20,257,487] 24 60. 887 Nevada 2, 1,588,881) 4, 385, on Total.. New Mexico.) 356, 697,535) 1,054
Worlds production of Gold rs 1897.
COUNTRIES. CouNnTRIES. United States Ecuador Australia OWES soe cche tcic cuss Mexico 0 005. Brazil .. Ee Russia ssee0+ 23,245,700||Venezuela. . Germany 1,373,100||Guiana (British)... ie ates Austriaungary.. Wess 2/035, Guiana (Dutch). . Sweden Sais 84 Guiana (French). INGEWAY Givdas tances se [rien eaeuetlo ces canines BOLD istsraticcnesrcetts Italy r 194,400)|Uruguay .. re Spa Moiiek RULE SAMUI ER PPaT ATONE eRe Pag Cent. Am. States
TOOCO i0 0 cdccee cee cce caf cece coccvel veer cesecs a ) NSP ere Brae or I IO serene': Breas UMAMINS bs choke eek et
RPesise tees Hives Africa ... Seis Groat t Britain NOTES British India 7 ada. POW iss. atv Mesh ei ak ntine Republic. Borneo
y 1, 1898, and exhibit in the states and terecords of the United rious gold-producing
uartz, Placer. Fine Ozs. Fine Ozs. 1,083 17,170
1an one-third of the om mines producing an two-thirds of the Juct from the smeltis frequently more
and Silver in the muted by producing ctor of the mint.
lca 237.504,
Gold of the Entire World. -
It is an interesting study to compare the gold product of a given ear with the supposed amount of gold already possessed and in use by the nations of the earth. Gold is now being obtained at a con-
"stantly increasing rate and the question naturally arises: What is the
orld's total stock of gold?
'All sorts of estimates are made. One writer gravely asserts reently that the world's total stock had been doubled in the last ten ears. This is not the case. No one knows how much gold there is n the world, but here are some facts which bear upon the question:
The total gold coinage of the world may be stated pretty accu-barely
at about $4,200,000,000.
The world's total product from 1492 down to the present day, fol-
a lowing Soethbeer's estimate for the earlier years and mint estimates for the later, has been rather less than $9,000,000,000, in round numbers,
data.
a 'including 1896.
There is used in the arts annually: -in gilding, electroplating and
similar operations which withdraw gold from possibility of other uses —probably not less than $10,000,000.
The use of solid gold in jewelry and plate, while not so directly
ha withdrawal of gold from circulation, since it can be remelted and coined, does expose it to greater waste from friction and increased risk © of loss.
This use now amounts to about $50,000,000 a year. Even coin gold loses weight constantly from trituration, not io
7 speak of actual loss by fire, shipwreck and carelessness.
Anyone can amuse himself estimating the world's stock upon these It is probable that the loss and waste since 1492 have equalled in amount all the gold in existence, so that the world's present stock is certainly not more than the $9,000,000,000 of modern production.
A less generous estimate might be that the amount of standard gold in plate, bars, rings, chains and other forms easily mutable with money equals the amount of gold coin, making the world's total stock
some $8,400,000,000. But this is somthing which one knows.
found the gold in the Klondike district.
of a modern Ophir.
Chief Treasure is American.
It was an American miner, as we have seen, who accidentally American grit and muscle have since developed that region until it almost bears the significance Canada is reaping her profit from these facts, but it is consoling to reflect that the Klondike does not hold all or even
the greatest wealth. On the upper creeks of Sixty-Mile and Forty-
Mile within the boundaries of Alaska, are placer-inines by the hundred
, which in any other country in the world would be considered as
fortunes to the lucky owners. Down the river from Dawson City, 290 miles, is Circle Cty. A short portage from the Yukon from this point will bring one into the headwaters of Birch Creek. There are
dozens of tributary streams in this creek from which gold has been
extracted in large quantities. Hundreds of claims have paid as high as
$40 per day to every man employed; and claims which ran as low as ; an ounce, or $16, a day were not looked at.
Far down the Yukon, the Koyukuk, one of the most important tributaries of the lower river,
has its mouth. On this stream, for some years past, the Indians, work ing with crude rockers, made in imitation of those used by the white men, have been taking out ten to fifteen dollars a day to the man. In succeeding pages we give details of gold discoveries on this and other tributaries of the lower Yukon, and we again urge the fact that there are on the American side of the international boundary thousands of claims on which good wages can be made, and hundreds are known which in a very few years working would yield fortunes to their owners.
The Gold and the Boundary.
Recent occurrences have made the question of Alaska's boundary one of vital interest. The first attempt to define the international limits was made by Lieut. Schwatka, who in 1883 made a rough and necessarily crude survey of the Lewes and Pelly-Yukon rivers from their head to Fort Yukon, situated near the mouth of Porcupine river, a distance of about 500 miles. Lieut. Schwatka determined the position of this meridian line from his survey and located it at the mouth of what is now known as Mission or American Creek, on the headwaters of which valuable discoveries of gold are now being made on the Alaskan side.
A recent report of the United States Surveyors as to the boundary line in this connection said: "In substance these determinations throw the diggings at the mouth of Forty-Mile Creek within the territory of the United States. The whole valley of this rich creek is also within the United States. Most of the gold is to the west of the crossing of the one hundred and forty-first meridian at Forty-Mile Creek. If we produce the one hundred and forty-first meridian on a chart, the mouth of Miller's Creek, a tributary of Sixty-Mile Creek, and a valuable gold region, is five miles in a direct line, or seven miles, according to the winding of the stream, all within the territory of the United States. In substance, the only places in the Yukon region where gold in quantity has been found are all to the west of the boundary line between Canada and the United States."
"The gold," said General Duffield, Superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, in discussing the question, "has been ground out of the quartz by the pressure of the glaciers which lie and move along the courses of the streams, exerting a tremendous pressure. The force is present to a more appreciable extent in Alaska than elsewhere, and I believe that, as a consequence, more placer gold will be found in that region than in any other part of the world."
General Duffield thinks the American side hunters have made the mistake of prospecting the large streams instead of the small ones. "When gold is precipitated," he said, "it sinks. It does not float far down stream. It is therefore to be looked for along the small creeks and about the headwaters of the larger tributaries of the Yukon. There is ne reason why as rich finds may not be made on the American side of the line as in the Klondike regions."
Again, it must be remembered that the value of a placer claim depends to a greater extent on the number of men who can profitably be put to work upon it. The gross tax levied by the Canadian Government upon the products of the Canadian placers will render it unprofitable to employ upon any except the richest of the mines.
it, the Indians, workse used by the white s a day to the man. coveries on this and in urge the fact that onal boundary thoule, and hundreds are ld yield fortunes to
f Alaska's boundary 1e the international 3 made a rough and -Yukon rivers from 10uth of Porcupine atka determined the 1d located it at the rican Creek, on the ire now bein made
as to the boundary ese determinations 'eek within the ter- f this rich creek is 3 to the west of the dian at Forty-Mile first meridian on a _Sixty-Mile Creek, Ine, or seven miles, the territory of the the Yukon region 0 the west of the tes."
lent of the United the question, "has the glaciers which rting a tremendous le extent in Alaska More placer gold of the world."
ers have made the pf the small ones. does not float far g the small creeks es of the Yukon. e on the American
of a placer claim vho can profitably e Canadian Govprs will render it of the mines.
as the bars of Forty-Mile Creek and a few of its tributaries. "© Miller and Glazier Creek were discovered.
In addition to the facts presented as to the location of the precious 'metal, in relatively equal distribution along the whole Yukon valley, there are other forcible reasons why gold-seekers from the United 'States should concentrate their efforts under the shadow of the stars "and stripes. In the first place it should be remembered that on the
"American side of the line the general mining laws of the United 'States are in force. These permit the entry of twenty acres of land "except in cases where the miners of a district, by adoption of local 'Fegulations of their own, limit the amount of the claim. The only @xpense or tax connected with it is the payment of a, recording fee, the amount fixed by the miners themselves, to the recorder of a strict, elected by themselves. Subject to further local regulations prescribed by the miners of a district, a man's right to a claim attaches "the instant he files, and no law of the United States could ever be "passed to divest him of that right, or to impose further restrictions 'upon him than were contained in the law at the time he filed. Should he desire to do so, he can, after expending five hundred dollars worth of work on a claim, have it surveyed and can receive a patent from the nited States to it. No license fees are extorted from him; the claim is his, and no royalty is or ever can be imposed upon the gold which he takes out. It would seem clear that in the present rush to the Yukon gold elds, men who really desire to acquire placer mining preporty for 1eir own use and benefit, and not for the benefit of the Canadian overnment, will exercise a wise discretion if they confine their proscting and locating to the American side of the international boundary, where there are placers rich enough to satisfy any moderate ambition, and where there may be new Klondikes discovered any day hich will rival or surpass the discoveries made in the Northwest territories last year. On a later page we shall give details of the nature
of the placer mines, the modes of working and the laws and customs that particularly affect the miner.
. Take the American Side.
be One of the latest arrivals at Seattle in 1898, who had spent considerable time in the Yukon gold regions and whose study of the
miners and their work was very thorough, his statements therefore
He says:
"The country is no good for the indolent and lazy; there is not an easy job there, but to the energetic man there are greater opportunities in the Yukon to-day than any place on earth. Since 1887
few miners have been scattered along the Yukon, first working on Then
Later the Birch Creek country near Circle City and America Creek near the new town of Eagle City came into prominence. Then came the famous Klondike
strike and all other districts were abandoned and practically remained
so until October, 1897, when a rich strike was reported from Chicken
a Creek a tributary of the South Fork of Forty-Mile, one hundred miles
above the mouth of Forty-Mile Creek.
Miners drifted down from Dawson and soon all the abandoned camps on Chicken Creek were re-located. After the trail over the ice was in condition to travel there was a stampede from Dawson to the abandoned creeks on the American side including Forty-Mile and its tributaries, Mission Creek and all its tributaries, and Seventy-Mile and its tributaries. The town site of Star City was laid out at the mouth of Seventy Mile, which by September the 1st was a town of from 1,000 to 1,500 inhabitants,
Other Alaskan Treasures.
Riches of Western Alaska.
Perhaps the greatest service that can be rendered to Alaska, as well as to those who seek fortune in that splendid territory, is to point out those advantages and resources that lie apart from the chances of gold mining. Either with men or communities prosperity is not entirely dependent on the ownership of the precious metals. Alaska is rich not only in placer gold and gold-bearing quartz, the two chief forms in which the yellow metal is found, but it is also rich in copper, coal, silver, oil, to say nothing of the furs.
Here is what a recent arrival said:
"T got close from the river, back from the beach at Eualaska and found some good looking quartz. I made a couple of locations on Chigmic Bay in veins four or five feet wide, but I was looking more particularly for coal, and found a series of veins cropping in the cliffs on the coasts of Chigmic Bay. I traced it for a mile and a half and found it cropping again back in the hills. There is about fifteen feet of coal altogether, and in one place there is four feet solid which 1 have started opening up. Great masses of it are strewn all along the beach.
It has been tested as a good gas, cooking and steam coal. The gas in a clay pipe full of it burned for three minutes.
Alaska Coal.
The coal of Alaska so far examined, whether in the interior or on the coast, is of eocene or early tertiary age and belongs without exception to varieties of lignite, brown coal, or glance coal. The various coals of Alaska occur in beds interstratified with sandstone, shale, conglom.erate and clay, these rocks usually containing numerous fossil plants, leaves, cones and amber, derived from the fossilization of resin from {he ancient coniferous forests.
Many coal seams have been partly explored and a much larger number have been reported, but not examined by experts.
Coal Creek enters the Yukon from the east eight to ten miles below the mouth of Forty-Mile Creek, and hence is within Canadian territory. Two four feet seams of coal are reported in Sandstone, about twelve miles above the mouth of this stream, from which coal has been taken. It has a brilliant lustre and a conchoidal fracture, is
rather light in weight, and carries some pyrite and amber in small specks.
@ abandoned
[over teins Coal of a similar quality occurs on a small ereck entering the
ukon from the same side a few miles below Coal Creek,
Mlle arate Beds having a composition similar to that of the beds enclosing the g : @oal seams and like them carrying impressions of fossil plants, are
eventy-Mile orted from various points in the country northeast of the Yukon d out at the River, notably up the Tatondire and Kandik Rivers, and on Big Black as a town of "River, and it may be assumed that a belt of these voal-bearing rocks
Stretches through this region in a northwest-southeast direction genally parallel with and often very close to the Yukon.
F suits of Alaskan Soil.
Es.
© Nuggets of gold are not the only things produced on the Yukon. Harge, fat, mealy potatoes; fresh, crisp radishes; carrots, cabbage, and "rips, to say nothing of wheat, oats and barley can be raised in D Alaska, as "@uantities in Alaska, according to James Saller, a well-known Klon- y,isto point — @iker who has been resting for a spell at Seattle.
the chances Saller brought with him from Lake Marsh a bunch of oats, barley erity is not 'and wheat fully matured and of excellent quality. "The grain grows," als, Alaska Ae said, "in spots where the ingoing miners stopped to feed their he two chief uses in Spring, on their way to Dawson. While the crop he har- h in copper, sted was of the volunteer order, the grains will compare favorably ith those grown in the richest districts in Washington.
"It is simply a matter of time when the fertile soil of the Yukon
alaska and vill be proven to be admirably adapted to the raising of cereal crops, locations on rasses und root products," said Mr. Saller at his hotel. "Look at oking more hat wheat—look at those speciinens of oats. They grew from waste in the cliffs savings on Marsh Lake. They prove that the soil is rich and well
a half and
adapted to husbandry. At Sixty-Mile Creek we sow as fine, large fifteen feet
tatoes as you can see anywhere in the States. Radishes, cabbages ind other vegetables grow equally well along the Yukon, and think he day is not distant when the miners in Alaska will live on the fruits its own soil.
Routes Of Travel.
ow to Get to Alaska.
There is but one proper way to go into Alaska and that is the siest, safest and quickest, which is "by the route of the ocean and iver steamers of the North American Transportation and Trading o. No matter if you wish to go to points remote from the Yukon iver, the trails leading from the Yukon River and its tributaries to 'such points are much easier than the dangerous trails of ice and snow, crossing glaciers, and leading from south coast points over the sumits of the highest ranges of mountains in Alaska.
In addition to easy trails, you also have the advantage of pros: pecting two to five valleys according to your destination. It is believed hat the richest copper deposits to be discovered will be found in the anana district, all of which lies south of the Yukon River.
. By waiting for these boats, you will not be exhausted from attempting to reach these points by going in over the ice, but will arrive in
racture, is in smail
N.
Holy Cross Mission, Alaska.
ALT. & T Co's Steamer P. B. Weare" Wooling Up, at Stebbin's Point,
t Stebbin's Point.
good physical condition, and he prepared to enter the prospecting fie. immediately. Those who have not made the trip overland, should understand that the rigors of the climate, labor and dangers are almost beyond conception.
The distance from Seattle to Healy, St. Michael's Island, is about 2,700 miles, and from the latter point to PW eare, 870 miles, Rampart, 935 miles, Circle, 1335 miles, Eagle City, 1530 miles, Dawson, 1735 miles.
Dangers of the Other Way.
— Though a railway now lessens the initial toils of the journey, yet going by way of the passes to the Yukon country, during the winter $€ason in particular, is no boy's play. The midwinter journey of 800 Miles on snow shoes over the snowy mountains and down the frozen
., of the Yukon Valley. when for hundreds of miles you will not
a sign of human habitation, or the smoke from a single camp-fire ve your own. 'The dread silence of those vast solitudes firmly locked the. cold embre ace of Vests will eang: no votes save yours:
bees a s0 one ene will ices ayetier onal new omen Compassing a world of snow and ice so like the other that none but n experienced eye can teil of advance.
The trail which has been longest in use is that over Chilkoot Pass from PDyea to Lake Lindeman, rece 28 miles, and in places very Steep, reaching an elevation of nearly 3,500 feet, requiring packing by Men and Indians over the devide, pack trains of horses being used on Otler portions of the trail, or, if in early spring, dogs and sleds are ee most convenient. The White Pass, from Skagway to the lakes, a distance of 42 miles, is somewhat lower, and pack trains make the entire distance, but the experiences of thousands during the rush of ie: have made its difficulties well known. The Taku trail from Juneau has ns adherents, but oe not appear to be attempted by
We shall assume you have been wise enough to decide for the "all water" route. Then, in securing transportation to Healy, St. Mihael's Island and points on the Yukon River, bear in mind that the orth American Transportation and Trading Company has been doing pines ss on the Y MEOn River for more than seven years, and is the only
arson. Having ey aaniile experience, it aiviais that on onanenet of e heavy ice flow June 20th is as early as any boat can navigate in orton Sound, or to be expected to reach St. Michael's Island, at Which point all connections have to be made with river steamers, and i order to avoid delay on the trip, it has been decided not to start the rst ocean steamer from Seattle until about June 10th. The Comany will give regular service during the season of navigation, and
— Of North America
other sailing dates from Seattle will be on or about July 20th, Aug 20th, and September 20th. oo
The Company does not solicit pieces of freight weighing over t tons and will not tow any barges or carry live stock.
One hundred and fifty pounds of baggage are allowed free to ea passenger. Arrangements must be made with the Company for : excess baggage.
Tickets include meals and berth, but second-class passengers mt furnish their own bedding.
a ieee
© Wilse & Kirk, Photo, Seattle
The North American Transportation and Trading Company's steamer leaving Seattle, Wash., for Healy, St. Michaels.
The All Water Route.
Starting from Seatle in one of the Company's splendid steamship as named and described in a preceding section, the traveller to Alask has neither toil nor hardships to encounter and no dealers beyon the ordinary perils of navigation. More than that 01 si hb a vessel i the "Roanoke" he is surrounded by every comfort ona convenient: as if in a first class hotel on shore, and his midsimines voyage ove the waters of the Northern Pacific is an experience that 1%) be looke forward to with unalloyed pleasure. And thus it is for the enti passage into the heart of Alaska, for the "N. A. T. & T. Co." has + developed its ocean and river service and so improved its transport: tion facilities that even delicate women who desire to take a brit glimpse of the wonderful life of a new and uncommonly rich minin camp, can make a summer excursion to the Klondike and return, a the time enjoying all the comforts which can ') had on first cla: steamers.
Meanwhile the Company advises that miners a's. prospectors tak first boat in June, so as to arrive at the mines in time for a good se: scn's work. On arriving there you will find large and complete store
% coe
mut July 20th, August
ht weighing over two ck.
e allowed free to each the Company for all
-class passengers must
since above photograph was taken.
& Kirk, Photo, Seattle.
Ss steamer leaving Seattle,
Street Scene, Healy, St. Michael's Island.
s splendid steamship-, 1e traveller to Alaska 1 no dangers beyond Uo si hoa vessel is ovt aud convenience. shines voyage over 'e thay n°) be looked it is for the entire
T. & T. Co." has so proved its transportiesire to take a brie! mmonly rich mining idike and return, a!! had on first class
Vast Improvements have been made at this point
ai prospectors take time for a good seaind complete stores, "i
supplied with everything required, both necessities and luxuries, reasonable prices. W ith their increased transportation facilities th' can supply the country with everything needed and there is no nec sity of bringing in your own supplies.
At Dutch Harbor.
The island of Unalaska is one of the Aleutian chain forming kind of rampart between the Pacific and Behring Sea, and here in th principal harbor is an islet with a crescent bay which is called Dute Harbor, and here it is the steamer actually casts anchor. Dut¢h Tai bor is a coaling station and supply point for naval vessels and fo the Behring Sea fleet of whalers and sealers. [t is also the headquar iers of the company that owns the sealing privilege of the Pribilo Islands, and accordingly it possesses so many facilities that here thi North American T ransportation and Trading Co. maintains a grea warehouse and other establishments. Back of the little island "thal forms Dutch Harbor is another curved beach, where may be seen the line of white-painted houses that constitute the port of Unalaska.
Healy, St. Michael's Island.
After a brief pause at Dutch Harbor, where the coal bunkers are replenished and fresh provisions taken on board, the steamers resume their way north through Behring Sea, past the seal islands of St. George and St. Paul, and up through Norton Sound to Healy, on St. Michael's Island. This is the great "depot for the Yukon country and the point of transfer to the river steamers. Here, again, the North American Transportation and Trading Co. has vast stores and warehouses, wharves and shipyard, and at the present time this is the sojourning place of all who are bound either in or out of the Yukon Valley. Healy is about sixty miles north of the actual mouth of the Yukon, and is the spot where the stars and stripes were first floated over Alaskan territory, at the time of its purchase from the Russian government. As a depot and port oftrans-shipment it seems destined to flourish as the Suez of the northern seas.
Ve are now on the great river that forms the true and natural highway through the territory of Alaska. The Yukon has its source in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia and the Coast Range mountains of southeastern Alaska, about 125 miles from Juneau. But it is only known as. the Yukon at the point where the Pelly River, the branch that heads in British Columbia, meets with the Lewis River. which heads in southeastern Alaska. This point of confluence is at Fort Selkirk, in the Northwest Territory, about 125 miles southeast olf the Klondike.
The Yukon proper is 2,044 miles in length. From Fort Selkirk it flows northwest 400 miles, just touching the Arctie cirele; thence southward for a distance of 1,000 miles to where it empties into Behring Sea. It drains more than 600,000 square miles of territory. A thousand islands send the channel in as many 'different directions. (nly the most skillful pilotage, often with native help enables us to head our river steamer constantly in a safe course.
sities and luxuries. al station facilities they and there is no neces.
tian chain forming a r Sea, and here in the vhich is called Duteh anchor. Dut¢h Tar- Pie vessels and for s also the headquarflea of the Pribilot cilities that here the '0. maintains a great the little island that 1ere may be seen the ort of Unalaska.
the coal bunkers are the steamers resum 'seal islands of St. md to Healy, on St. Yukon country and e, again, the North: ast stores and warent time this is the r out of the Yukon ictual mouth of the es were first floated e from the Russian 1t it seems destined
e true and natural ikon has its source 1 the Coast Range from Juneau. But he Pelly River, the 1 the Lewis River. of confluence is at 25 miles southeast
'rom Fort Selkirk ctie circle; thence mpties into Behr- 's of territory. A fferent directions. lelp enables us to
The Yukon Valley.
— Weare now in the summer season and the shores ere really charmle. considering the wilderness we had been led to expec The banks ire fringed with flowers. carpeted with the all prevecing moss or ti dra. Birds countless in numbers and of infinite vericty im plumiags Sine out a welcome from every tree top. Piteh your tent where you Will in midsummer, a bed cf roses, a clump of poppies endo a bunk blue bells will adorn vour camping, By September everything: is winged. The bed of roses has disappeared before the iey breath of he Winter King, which sends the thermometer down below freezing point. The birds ay to the soushland, the Ww hite man to his cabin, the
tains. reer stream becomes a sheet of Ice, Oman cl valley alike are covered with sno.
In some descriptions of this river journey by recent visitors to Alaska, mostly practical, these charms will be found associated with xe material interests that are the chief object of this pamphlet
The river carries one-third more water into Behring Sea than the lississippi does into the Gulf of Mexico. The delta is from twentyive to thirty miles wide, and on account of the dirt and sand swept nto it every minute it is impossible for any ocean vessel to come nearer the mouth than thirty-five or forty miles. Going up the river for the first 225 miles there is no wood, After this is passed, and as ar up as the mouth of the Tanana an abundance of spruce grows. The spruce trees are from one to two feet thick and from forty to ftv feet high. Cottonweod also grows there in abundance, but is Valucless, still the spruce furnishes a good fuel and is used by the explorers,
The climate of the. portion of ha Yukon is superb. Up to the niddle of September the weather is beautiful. After that time the tops of the mountains are ignore -smith snow. Still, at no time is the cold what would be called severe in any dry atmosphere. In some years the Bay at St. Michaels is frozen over by October 18th, but cold there does not mean what i¢ does in the States, and for a sturdy man >the suffering is much léss than in our home states,
A Well-Timbered Country.
In a letter from Weare, on the Yukon, dated September 9, 1898, to the Seattle Post-Inte'ligencer, Mr. Erastus Brainard writes as folae It is my belief that the wonders of the Yukon are vet untold. + Seeing gold with vour own eyes washed from every pan along the river, seeing out-croppings of good lignite coal, quantities of timber and many spots of available agricultural land. lead one to the conconclusion that long after the Klondike boom is over emigration from the States to the Yukon will be still steady and that what Seattle has
oli,
Scene at, Nulato, Alaska.
N. A. T. & Trading Co. Stores, Vircle City, Alaska.
aska.
eived is not a drop in the bucket to what the next ten or twenty ars will yield as tribute to her enterprise. The extent of timber alone is surprising. [ had an idea that timber was sparse and straggling. On Puget Sound it would be so wondered. In Pennsylvania the Yukon banks, from its mouth to Ramart City at least, would be considered one long forest of wood. Much this growth runs as thick as two feet and the greater part appears be about eighteen inches thick."
Jatives along the Stream.
On the lower Yukon as far up as Nulato they are the dirtiest Injans any white man ever saw, bathing is unknown to them. The mell of seal oil constantly about them is extremely offensive, but in disposition these Indians are very kindly to new-comers. They are acking in intelligence, but strangely enough they have a moral code nd live up to it very well. Their language is a puzzle. Every 200 liles going up the Yukon you find a new Indian tribe that does not peak the same language as the one you just left. The jargon you hear t Nulato would not be understood at Tanana. The different tribes do ot understand each other. The mastering by yourself of the Janage of one tribe does not enable you to talk with another tribe. 'he confusion of tongues is something wonderful, and one of the things which makes white progress with the native so difficult. To Teally get along well in Alaska with the natives one would have to waster a dozen different languages, the work of more than a life-time. he different tribes do not co- -mingle with each other to any extent, although hunting and fishing over much the same territory.
floating in High Latitudes
— As vou proceed up the river you see innumerable Indian villages and small settlements inhabited by traders, missionaries and Indians, all of interest to the traveler. The first two or three hundred miles is through low, flat country, after which the mountainous country is reached, and the constant change of magnificent scenery is beyond description. At old Fort Yukon, which is inside of the Arctic Circle, you see "during June and July the sun for nearly twenty-four hours without "a break. After leaving here the next point of interest is Circle City the metropolis of the Yukon country. Tere you find a large frontier town, the houses all built of logs, and while they live no pretensions + to beauty, they are warm and comfortable, Circle ( ity has a popu- Jation of nearly 2,000 people, and some of the best placer mines yet "discove ved in the Yukon valley,
Arctic Midnight.
Among the interesting features of this river journey a traveler was "partic wlarly impressed by "the phenomena of aretie night, which he has -cloquently described in a letter from Circle City. He writes:
"The midnight sun is here, and it is exceedingly generous of him. 'for Circle C ity is now commonly considered to be aboni thirty miles
south of the Aretic Circle. Every party of surveyors has its own itude for this place. cne party even affirming it to be novi of circle. Some time this question will be definitely settled, and until ix, suffice it to sav that our day-king has not 'set' now for at least eig days, or, if we are so far south of the circle, this 'reflection of the su as some scientists claim it to be, could not be more than the origin:
"At it. Yukon, about thirty miles north of the cirele, the sun dof not fail to rise during the shortest winter days, the upper rim) ju showing itself, as it skirts along the horizon for a distance just abou ax it looks now here, As at Ft. Yukon it should not show itself at a fora few days, in the same way that it should disappear entirely hei for a few minutes, both are probably due to reflection.
"Tam not sorry that such is the case, for it is a beautiful sight It was first noticed on the night of June ith, that it did not. set though had one watched it for a few nights previous to this date th sane effect might have been observed. Ht was also watched by differ ent parties on the nights of June 19, e and 22. At 10 p. m. th: sun ds apparently nearly one hour high in the northwest: it looks a though it would sink and set right nese tu no, he slides along tow ards the north, slowly drawing nearer to the earth, until finally his lower rim appears to touch it.
Novel and Erilliant Spectacle.
"During this time the sky has heen showing all the shades of red, pink and orange, until now it shows a brilliant red all along the northern horizon, the sun himself looking like a ball of fire. Down he goes, until only half the ball shows, then disappears altogether behind the tall trees. The watcher hurriedly runs up a ladder to the roof of a house ten or fifteen feet above the ground and from there watches the upper fourth of the fiery orb as it swings steadily along the northern horizon for some distance, distinetly visible all the time. until it slowly rises amid more brilliant effects of coloring than wher it had first touched the horizon one and one-half hours before,
"All this time the moon, large, pale and frightened looking, was rising in the east, but she could not hold her own against this rising splendor. But she fully retaliates, for it is in the lone winter nights when she gets in her work.
"There has been no real darkness since May Ist. On that date the ladies went out on a 'May-day snowshoe party'—this may sound rather odd to some readers—and as the snow was in fine condition, they reported having a geod time.
"Now, no one would think ef snow, for it often registers over 90 degrees in the sun: hills and trees are clothed in bright green; songless birds are flitting about: wild Mowers, including roses, are growing in profusion, and the greatest drawback to the development of this country—mosquitoes—are in full foree. Before the snow is: fairly off the ground they come: big. lazy fellows, making mueh noise, but getting in little real work.
'Before long, another crop comes, almost too little to see, too quiet to hear, too active to catch, but how they do sting, keeping one's hands, face and neck covered with itching, burning Tumps and sores, One hardly dares to venture out of doors without first putting on
evors bas its own bit. Ib to be nore of the
ly settled, and until it how for at least eight 'reflection of the sun. ore than the original, he cirele, the sun doos the upper rim just a distance just about not show itself at al disappear entirely here ection,
is a beautiful sie lit, . that it did not. set, vious to this date the so watched by differ- 2. At 10 p.m. the on the: it looks as he slides along towrth, until finally his
Ul the shades of red. ft red all along: the ball of fire, Dawn Isappears altogether supa ladder to the und and from there vings steadily along visible all the time. coloring than when ours before.
itened looking, was
b ae sa this rising lone winter nights
On that date the <mnay sound rather ne condition, they
nN registers over 90 ght green; songless es, are growing in velopment. of. this he snow is fairly le much noise, but
le to see, too quiet ng, keeping one's lumps and sores,
first putting on
the source than the monly.
head and even fine wire
ick buckskin gloves and a sack made of netting over hat, eck; but they will work their way through netting,
ot cheesecloth being the only thing that will entirely exclude
em.
yh
Up the Koyukuk.
Men who voluntarily avoid the principal Yukon settlement and strike clear into Alaska really "mean business." At present the most xtensive prospecting on the American side is going on along the Koyukuk river. This is the Yukon's largest affluent, having a length 800 miles or more. Small steamboats can navigate the stream for ost of its course. Years ago float gold was washed from bars nearer but no coarse gold was found and the iver was deserted for the coarse gold diggings on the Forty-Mile and bout Cirele City. The old time prospecting amounted to next to Nothing, for no bedrock was examined. Since last June about 750 en have gone up the Noyukuk, designing thorough work, and as hey are generally equipped for two years and have more than twenty mall steamers of their own, something should come of their presence n this really unknown region. There : 'ave current several well seeming reports of rich finds.
Rampart City in Favor.
The tide of gold seekers going up the Yukon has heretofore passed ipy Rampart with comparative neglect. Nearly everybody coming into ( this country has been fascinated by the wonderful sensations of the Klondike. Last summer, however, when the exodus took place from Dawson to the American side, the miners found to their surprise that ecxampart had been growing in importance and was a center of wealth 'and promise to those who hi id cast their fortunes there.
The new immigration of course gives to the place a most enlivening impulse. The beach has been 'piled with merchandise awaiting the construction of buildings for its owners. Nearly all classes of 'business are now represented. There are four general outfitting 'stores, a shoe-store, three bakeries, two restaurants, two saw mills and naturally the usual sprinkling of saloons. There is also a spacious warehouse of the North American Transportation and Trading Co. On the whole the camp is more than usually well provided and the 'influx of new hustlers, should their success correspond with their
eagerness, will have the effect of making it one of the most thriving in the Yukon v: ley. Many of them are old California and Montana 'miners and they are here for legitimate mining and intend to do conscientious prospecting.
before last season the chief diggings on which there was pay. dirt were located on Little Minook ( reek, about seven miles from R: impart. Many of the claims on this creek have yielded their owners handsome profits. Late in the preceding winter the Idaho Bar was discovered, being on the north branch of little Minook and extending across Eldorado Creek to Hunter. It is supposed to be the bed 'of some
© ancient river or glacier, but the extent and direction of the pay streak
have not been determined. Discovery claim showed pans that ran above $2.00. The bar is what is known as winter diggings; it has been
examined and regarded as most promising by experienced miners wii have looked over the locality. Another discoverey in this locality hi been made on Quail Creek, a tributary of the Mike Hess, but this is ; the class of summer diggings.
Krom Rampart there is an easy trail to the Koyukuk, and whic! will make the young city the chief outfitting point for the entir Koyukuk region. This trail goes up Hoyne Creek, which empties int: the Yukon opposite Rampart. The Tomana divide is not more that thirty miles to the south, he comparative proximity of two suc! streams and the network of gold bearing creeks by which Rampart surrounded should make it one of the leading cities on the Yukon.
Birch Creek Prospects. ,
The Birch Creek district is known to have value and there is some proved ground obtainable here on easy terms, besides a good deal of room for the prospector. Probably 500 would cover the population. Birch Creek is more than 800 miles long and has numerous tributaries. Since 1891 mining has been carried on along branches of the stream lying forty to sixty miles from Circle City, which eamp on the Yukon is reached by an overland journey of eight miles from the creek. The yield of vol has been about $2,000, 000. When the Bonanza find wa: made there were from 1,500 to 2,000 persons in the Birch Creek dis trict and they were getting on passably, but they let go everything then and rushed poll mell for Dawson until the region was nearly, deserted. No very rich spots have been found on Birch Creek and no large fortunes have been made there, but there is in the well-pros pee 'ted bottoms a large quantity of low grade gravel which is worth working and there are some creeks not acquainted with the gold pan at all. Whether new strikes be made or not there will be a large out put of gold from Bireh Creek placers within the next decade.
Birth of Eagle City.
The British boundary crosses the Forty-Mile River about twenty
three miles above its mouth. Tt soon became apparent to the Ameri can miners here that owing to the extortionate mining laws passed by
the Dominion government something should be done to control ani confine operations on American territory entirely within American lines, both coming into and going out of the country; in other word: to make an all-American route to and from the States. To this en': it was found that an American town on American territory was absolutely necessary as a base of operations. Hence a party of energetic, intelligent miners went to the mouth of Mission Creek on the 'American side 'of the Yukon and platted a town site which has been named Eagle City.
This town site, which on the government maps of the United States coast and geodetic survey is known as Belle Isle, was laid out the latter end of January, 1898, and the growth of the new American city is said to be wonderful, Lots that "sold for $50 and $100 now command $500 and $1,000, with every prospect that prices will continue upward all summer and next winter. Buildings are in process of construction on all the principal streets and business is said to be
erienced miners wii y in this loeality has e Hess, but this is in
Coyukuk, and which point for the entire , Which empties into ide is not more than yximity of two such v which Rampart son the Yukon.
ue and there is some sides a good deal of wer the population. umerous tributaries, nches of the stream samp on the Yukon rom the creek. The ve Bonanza find wahe Birch Creek dis y let go everything region was nearl\ Bireh Creek and no is in the well-pros wel which is worth
with the gold pan
will he a large out ext decade.
kiver about twenty rent to the Ameviing laws passed )y one to control and
within American ry; in other words ates. To this en) ican territory was -e a party of enerssion Creek on the te which has been
ps of the United Isle, was laid out the new American 50 and $100 now At prices will conngs are in process iness is said to be
A.T. & T. Co's River Steamer, "John J. Healy," lying at wharf, Dawson.
N.
lively and flourishing, New comers are at present living in tents whieh dot the whole town site, and from the number of boats daily leaving here with "Chechak-os" for the American side "+ will not bi long before Eagle City rivals Dawson, As predicted many it rmay outgrow it.
The platting of Eagle City took place the end oof January Ios. after the stampede had proven the general interest in the matter, and the anxiety of Americans to get back to American territory: in order to work under the liberal mining laws of Unele Sam.
The stampeders had staked everything in sight, individually and hy proxy or power of attorney as . permitted by the general mining laws of the United States, also had re-staked all old claims that had been practically abandoned.
The very latest reports received from the Forty -Mile district are to the effect that rich mines are being worked on Chicken. Napoleon, Miller, Dominion and Alder Creeks, including Nugget Gulch, while promising prospects are being made alinost daily.
The wisdom of choosing Eagle City as the centre of operations for an all American route to and from the United States is admitted by all. In coming by way of St. Michael the miner, bound for the American
side, by going to Eagle City is never once brought in contact with the Canadian authority, hence his outfit: is not subject to duty or inspection, An overland, winter, all American route has also been mapped out from Ragle City via the Copper River, over the divide from the Yukon south to the sea coast in the Gulf of Alaska.
This overland route is said to be feasible and pracrieat besides being shorter than the Yukon and lake routes, and will remove many of the dangers and difficulties that beset the pilgrim on his trip from either Dyea or Skagway over the trail and down rivers and lakes over Canadian territory,
The new route over which a trai h 'eady been blazed from Kagle City goes along American Creeek, around Mt. MeQuestin, down Dome Creek io O'Brien Creek and down the latter to the Forty-Mile and its south fork. This will open up the head of the Tanana country as well as the upper Copper River, and must perforce control all of that vast and probably rich mining region entirely through American territory clear down to the coast..
Kagle City is the outfitting point for American Creek and its tributaries, Bluff, Marion, Canyon, Gravel, Caribou and Dome Creeks. Already over 300 cabins have been built and several business houses erected. The U.S. Gov't has established a military post of seventy men, also a customs house. The population is about 700.
Forty Mile Picking Up.
"As reported from many sources, the village and diggings of Forty Mile are again picking up. and as they are situated not more than about fifty miles below Dawson, there is really no telling how many discontented Klondikers will go there before next summer. Forty Mile Creek rises in Alaska, but in getting to the Yukon flows the last twenty-three miles of its 200 mile course through Canadian territory. The village being at the mouth of the stream is, of course, in Canada. Coarse gold was found on the Forty Mile in 1886, and since 1887
nt living in tents nber of boats dail) side "+ will not bi ed Many Tt mary
'end of January terest in the matter. lerican territory in es Sam.
individually and . general mining Md claims that had
+Mile district are to 'hicken. Napoleon, legit Gulch, while
of operations for ites is admitted: by und for the Amerirht in contact with 'ubject to duty. or mute has also been , over the divide of Alaska.
practical besides will remove many non his trip from vers apd lakes over
Rs Ste
t
heen blazed from _MeQuestin, down to the Forty-Mile 1¢ Tanana country ree control all of through American
FT Ee a a a
an Creek and its and Dome Creeks, Ul business houses Vv post of seventy "00.
Fh dap ates
Bite 0 ag
J, ad Oa 4a
N.A.T.& T. Co.'s Messengers.
ssed for the overland trip on iee and snow s Company's Messengers as dresse¢ i sat' ee 'ele ae ing Skagway for Dawson, January, IS9p.
diggings of F orty d not more than elling how many summer, Forty kon flows the last tnadian territory, ourse, in Canada. , and since 1887
oe 4% ¥ a c Coe
§
oe wt
ens f #
om Tall aa
placer mining has been prosecuted with profit, but no extraordinary profit—by a band of workers, who have taken the best pay from th: lower riches of the main creek and from some of the benches, bu! who have not touched the headwaters, nor carefully prospected of the tributaries. :
The Klondike excitement emptied the Forty Mile district of itpopulation, notwithstanding the gold output had reached $1,000,000; but since last December miners have been gathering again along the stream and in the settlement, and the district has resumed mueh of its old activity.
Nothing is doing in the Canathan diggings, but on the Americaii end of the creek some prospecting is going on, and there is good authority for the report that gold has heen struck in paying quantitic : well within the boundary.
Round About Forty Mile
This Forty Mile River with its many tributaries and their brancheis an empire in extent. Almost as great as Seventy Mile and its tributaries and Mission River ina less degree.
The north fork of Forty Mile was unexplored and unprospected until last July, when gold was found in paying quantities on several! creeks. The tributaries of this north fork alone are twenty-five o1 thirty creeks, with their numerous branches, only a few of which lave been at all prospected. This whole country is composed only of mountains and rivers.
Perhaps the richest discovery made outside of "Hlderado" is on Chicken Creek, where, on Discovery claim, there has been found at a depth of seven feet gravel that will go from $2.00 to $15.00 to the pan, taken from any place. Clann owners on that claim offer to wager any amount that they can show a greater depth of rich ground than has ever been found elsewhere in the Yukon country,
Last winter fully 500 men were at. work on this claim. In a few years, When hydraulic mining is supplied to the more shallow creeks in this district and the rich bars on Forty Mile River, the amount of gold produced will be fabulous, and it is only a matter ot time, money and transportation,
KLONDIKE AND iTS CAPITAL.
On the Upper Yukon.
"Flowing into the Yukon from the east are four streams of which one hears the miners speak constantly: Klondike River, Baker Creek, Indian Creek and Stewart River, As is known, the Klondike enters the Yukon at Dawson. 'Thirty-five miles farther up the Yukon. Indian Creek empties, and between Indian Creek and the Klondike the Yukon receives Baker Creek,
"The Stewart joins this great concourse of waters about sixty-five iniles above the mouth of Indian Creek. The Klondike's headwaters are unknown; so are the Stewart's. Nothing certain can be said of the length of either. Prospectors have gone 150 miles up the Klon-it
no extraordinary best pay from the f the benches, bu: ully prospected ai!
Mile district of its 'cached $1,000,000; ng again along the ; resumed mueh of
£ on the Americai and there is good n paying quantitieand
their branche- y Mile and its trib-and
unprospected lantities on several! are twenty-five o1 v a few of which is composed only
"EK lderado" is on ais been found at a ) to $15.00 to the vat claim offer. to th of rich ground country.
s claim. In a few ve shallow creeks er, (he amount of er ot time, money
Pital.
streams of which er, Baker Creek, Klondike enters up the Yukon. Ml the Klondike
about sixty-five ike's headwaters can he said of es up the Klon-
Typical Street Scenc, Dawson City, 1898.
Ir
dike, and it is more than a brook there. The Indians give the impression that the Stewart is 300 miles long. Baker Creek is less than sity miles long. Indian Creek has a course of 100 miles, approx: mately. These four streams flow somewhat parallel with one another, and through a rugged, mountainous region, heavily timbered) with spruce, birch and poplar, and very difficult to traverse.
"The Stewart has hundreds of miles of tributaries, none of which, however, have been brought prominently into notice. Indian Creek has several small branches, anong them Dominion Creek. A tributary of Dominion Creek is Sulphur Creek. Baker Creek has some sinall branches, none much mentioned. The Klondike has three famous branches— Bonanza Creek, Bear Creek and Hunker Creek; and several] not famous, notably Too Much Gold Creek and Quigley Creek.
"Bonanza Creek enters the Nlondike two miles above the mouth of that river, and its course is northwesterly. It is twenty-three miles long, carrying 500 inches at. low water, and has for tributaries Adams Creek, Eldorado Creek and Victoria Creek on the right hand side toward the headwaters, and Gouvan Creek, Home Stake Creek, Skookum Gulch and Galvin Gulch on the other side, and a fork known as McCormack's branch. Adams Creek, seven miles long, has French Gulch fora tributary—-a tiny creek, and Chief Gulch for a fork, three miles long. Victoria Creek, four to five miles long, joins Bonanza about ten miles from the mouth. MeCormack's branch is about five miles long and forks from the main stream about sixteen miles from the mouth, Gouvan, IHomestake, Skookum and Galvin flow into Bonanza at points between the forks and Eldorado."
Dawson and its Fortunes.
The newly established city of Dawson is located near the mouth of the Nlondike river, where it empties into the Yukon. It is laid out in rectangular shape into town lots. The streets are sixty-five feet wide. It is situated on a stretch of low ground on the northwest bank of the Yukon, a short distance below the mouth of the Klondike. Only two years ago a vast majority of its inhabitants lived in tents, but a great many houses were built each season since then. Some of these are quite substantial buildings. The best and most commodious, aside from the extensive and imposing warehouses of the North American Transportation and Trading Company, are occupied by saloons and gambling houses: and these places, as is the case in all mining centers, are excessively patronized. Town lots in Dawson City are being sold at a high figure, some of them bringing as much as $20,000 each.
Dawson City is, of course, a lively mining town. The population which has gone in there is of an exceedingly mixed kind, including a large variety of nationalities and men of nearly every phase of human experience. Notwithstanding this, up to the present no serious breaches of the peace have taken place. There is nothing in the way of what we call stole in Dawson City. Bar-keepers do not wear boiled shirts, nor are those who preside at the piano or manipulate other musical instruments in the coarse dance-houses dressed in the garb of dudes. The city, nevertheless, is rapidly taking on all the decencies and establishing the conveniences of a city in the States.
ns give the impres- Creek is less than 00 miles, approniwith one another, 'ily timbered) with Erse,
les, none of which, ice. Indian Creek 'reek. A tributary ek has some small has three famous Creek; and several igley Creek,
s above the mouth twenty-three miles tributaries Adams 'ight hand side totake Creek, Skooda fork known as long, has Freneh h fora fork, three ng, joins Bonanza anch is about. five sixteen miles from Galvin flow into
s9
near the mouth Yukon. It is laid eets are sixty-five nd on the northhe mouth of the inhabitants lived eason since then. The best and dosing warehouses ig Company, are places, as is the d. Town lots in f them bringing
The population kind, including every phase of present no ser- s nothing in the vers do not wear oO or manipulate fs dressed in the king on all the in the States,
arson Characteristics Dawson City is one of the most peculiar towns to be found in he world just at present. With its assorted population, general chareteristics and ever-changing phases, it presents a picture that is selom found in the world's history. With such a miscellaneous popuation the wonder is that there is so little trouble. There is more honey changing hands in Dawson during a month than there is hrough a whole year in many cities of the United States of twice the AzZe. By money is meant gold dust and money both. It is safe to say, hough, that there is more gold dust in Dawson than its equivalent B coin.
Dawson at the latest reports contained as near as could be judged 000 inhabitants of all creeds and nationalities and composes an exceedingly picturesque scene. -One thing easily distinguishes the Ader inhabitants from the new-comers, and that is his longing for indies of any kind.
Great Mining Center.
It is at the bustling Klondike capital that the peculiar aspec's of mining community are centered in dominant life. It is at Dawson re most "clearly realize the vast mineral wealth of the country. Xlonke placer mines are only gathering the dust washed off nature's eat gold reserve in the Alaskan mountains. This dust is found in e gravel of the little streams. It comes from a formation called the onglomer ate, which is incomparably richer in nugget. and particles of gold than the gravel.
'When the miners find it no longer profitable to wash out the Brave! they can attack the conglomer: ate, where they will be able o accomplish something by hard labor, Finally, there is the original pure of the gold, the veins in the hills. These must be of enormous Value. They must lie untouched until the proper machinery for btaining the gold is erect. A clear, scientific and authoritative exlanation of the geological conditions of the Klondike and neighbor- g gold-bearing roc 'ks is given here. It was furnished by Prof. 8. . jmmons, of 'the 1 States Geological Survey, Professor Em- Ons says:
"The real mass of golden woulth in Alaska remains as yet untouched. It lies in virgin rocks, from which the particles found in the river gravels now being washed by the 'londike miners have Deen torn by the erosion of streams. 'These particles being heavy have been deposited by the streams which carried the lighter matter onward to the ocean, thus forming by gradual accumulation a sort of auriferous concentrate. Many of the bits , especially in certain localitics, are big enough to be called nuggets. In spots the gravels are so Tich that, as we have all heard, many ounces o! (he yellow metal are Obtained from the washing of a single panfu!. Chis is what is making the people so wild—the prospect of picking money out of the dirt by he handful literally. .
Where the Gold is Cradled.
"But all this is merely the skimming of grease from the pot; the soup remains, and precious soup it is. "The bulk of the wealth is in the rocks of the hills, waiting only for proper machinery to take it
out. For you must remember that the gold was originally stored in veins of the rocks, which are of an exceedingly ancient formation. Nobody can say how many millions of years since the metal was put there, but it must have been an enormously long time back.
"The streams wore away the rocks, carrying gold with them, and this process continued for ages, making immense deposits of rich. gold-bearing gravels. Eventually there deposits were themselves transformed into rocks—a sort of conglomerate in which pebbles small and big are mixed with what was once sand. To-day the strata composed of this conglomerate are of immense extent and unknown thickness. The formation closely resembles that of the auriferous 'banket' or pudding stone of the South African gold fields; but the South African pudding stone was in far remote antiquity a sea beach, whereas the Alaskan formation is a deposit made by streams, as I have said.
"In the latter epo.h the stream continued to gnaw away at the hills, bringing down more gold and leaving it behind in the gravel at their bottoms. It is these comparatively modern rivers which are responsible for the pay dirt of the Klondike district and of all that region. Naturally, because it was easily got at and worked, the miners have struck this surface alluvium first. The streams at various times have followed different courses, and it is in the gravels of the dry and disused channels that the gold miners dig -vith such fabulous profit. :
"You will observe from what I have said that the gold of that region exists under three widely different conditions—in the gravels. in the conglomerate or pudding stone, and in the ancient rocks of the hills. When the modern stream deposits, now being worked, are used up, the miner can tackle the conglomerate, which repres:nts the gravels of ages ago. Finally, when they are provided with the requisite machinery, they will be in a position to attack the masses of yellow wealth that are stored in the veins of the mountains. At present we can hardly consider that the first bite has been taken of the golden feast which Alaska offers to the hungry man."
Women in the Klondyke.
It is probable that out of a total population of about 30,000 who were in the Klondike in 1898 at the close of navigation, about 500 were women or a proportion of about sixty men to every woman. 'The majority of these women went into the Klondike last year. A goo many of these ladies were seen on the trail between Skagway and Dawson. They were mostly strong, healthy women, as they iad good need: to be if they ever wanted to reach their destination. Some o! them worked as hard as the men. Jt was quite a common thing te see a woman with a fifty-pound pack on her back, or pulling a loaded sled or handling a heavy oar. They appeared to recognize the fac' that they were not out for a picnic, and all seemed te be less disheartened than the men themselves. Many of these ladie: were accompanied by their husbands, many were not; though o! course all but very few traveled under some kind of male protection.
The home life of a Dawson lady is not very eventful. It is com posed mostly of two elements, work and rest, with the former largel)
originally stored ncient formation. he metal was put ne back.
d with them, and deposits of rich. were themselves
in which pebbles
To-day the strata
ent and unknown of the auriferous
ld fields; but the
quity a sea beach, streams, as I have
onaw away at the ind in the gravel n rivers which are ct and of all that vorked, the miners 18 at various times sravels of the dry ith such fabulous
the gold of that ns—in the gravels, ncient rocks of the being worked, are which repres nts provided with the tuck the masses of! untains. At presbeen taken of the
about 30,000 who igation, about 500 very woman, 'The last year. A good Skagway and Dawas they had good ination. Some o! /common thing to pr pulling a loaded recognize the fact h all seemed te any of these ladie: e not; though o! pf male protection. entful. It is com the former largel)
predominating. Social functions having scarcely been introduced there yet, and the visiting list of most Dawson ladies is short and sweet. The theater and public places are quite impossible to her and whatever excitement she gets must be from the companionship of her husband or a very small circle of friends, and from the constant contemplation of the fact that the day will, or at any rate, may arrive, _when they will be able to leave Dawson forever with a snug little fortune, to make up in the future for what they have suffered in the
past. Child Life at Dawson.
With the married ladies at Dawson there are of course some children. They are not numerous, probably one hundred all told. How some of these little tots—particularly those who went in by the Skagway and over trails—ever got to Dawson is really astonishing. 'The Chilecoot Summit is real'y a pretty hard nut to crack even for a strong man and yet many of these children climbed it without any assistance. The hardships of the trail did not appear to hurt them, and all seemed to treat the whole thing as huge _picnic - where there was all kinds of fun. At Dawson the boys and girls are in the nature of things inclined to run rather wild. There is no school for them yet and their only playground is the street, which in a mining camp is not exactly a kindergarten. Everybody in Dawson is there to make money, and though the boys appear to enjoy - excellent health they also seem to consider that that is not exactly ' what they went to Dawson for. They are apparently there for busi- % ness just as much as the men. They cannot register mising claims as no doubt many of them would, but they have adopted a novel sort of ' mining in the city itself. They wash the sweepings of the large saloons and stores and find it often very good "pay." A boy who is in this businesss will arrange with one or two of the business places where a large amount of gold dust is handled to put aside the dirt that is swept from the floor every morning. This dirt ' may be regarded as his claim and every day that is gold pan in his hands; he will go there and carefully wash the whole of this little ' "dump." In this way boys are said to make as much as from $2.00 to ' #5.00 a day, and everyone will admit that they richly deserve it. There are many other ways in which the boys make money. 'They are always on the lookout for something sell. : During the summer when the war excitement was on an armfull of ' newspapers was a bonanza to them. Many a little fellow "struck it - rich" with a batch o1 newspapers. If they cannot get newspapers to sell they will get anything they can get—fresh salmon, fruit, anything ; to turn an honest penny. From an educational point of view it is evident that the life of the boys and girls of Dawson is not what might be desired, but the life _makes them hearty and self-reliant, and if they do not stay here too ' long it may perhaps do them more good than harm.
Klondike Output for 1898.
' — It has been impossible to secure any satisfactory dats relative to last year's (1898) output of gold for the Klondike district. Many of
the miners refuse to give information as to the vield of their mines, and others place a low estimate on theirs in order to evade the payment of royalty to the Canadian government for the full amount.
Up to June 24, 1898, nearly "500, 000 had been paid to the gold commissioners, representing royalties on about $5,000,000, but since e that time nearly $2,000,000 more has been accounted for. The © bankers and agents of commercial companies, who have the best means of knowing the facts, place the output for the season at $9,000,000, which includes a large amount that evaded the payment of roy alty. This aggregate is divided among the different creeks as follows: El- © dorado, $4,000,000; Bonanza, $3,000,000; Hunker and Bear, $1,000.- 000, and Dominion, Sulphur and all other creeks, $1,000,000, >The mint returns and reports from private smelters and refiners show that / on November 1st the total receipts amounted to a little more than $10,000,000, which is probably a correct estimate of the total output.
A large amount of last year's clean-up, however, will remain in the interior to be used as a circulating medium, it being at present used as a form of financial exchange in "the country.
Klondikers Wake up to Truth.
We will venture to prophesy-—says the Nlondike News—that several new towns will boom, bloom and blossom on the American side. There is Star City, at the mouth of Seventy Mile River, and Eagle City, at the mouth of Mission Creek, both destined to be thriving towns.
These two towns will grow for several reasons. In the first place © it is now believed that the Seventy Mile, American and Mission ' Creeks, with their tributaries, will prove fully as rich, of greater Pextent. and more easily worked, than the Nlondike diggings. And © secondly the inhabitants of these new towns will be able to enjoy
ey life under the too liberal laws of Uncle Sam. The Canadian law allows a prospector but 250 feet. and but one © claim in a "division." while the American regulation permits of as many 1320 feei" claims as there are creeks. 7 The recording fee on the Canadian side is $16.00 in) gold dust, -and on the American side but $2.50.
Then, too, on the \merican side there is no annual renewal fee, no alternate claims for Uncle Sam, no ten per cent royalty and only one month's work (amounting to $100), required each year, whiic the Canadian regulation calls for three months of continuous work, © The Canadian officials have the power to make new "Rules and Regulations" without notice. which radically change the mining laws sin toes, and it would seem as though they were trying to discourage the development of their country.
It is quite probable that big strikes will be made on the Upper Klondike this year, and reports of rich finds on the headwaters of the 'McQuestion are coming in daily, but when everything is taken into consideration, it would seem as though the American side offered the greatest inducements to prospectors.
Miller Creek, which is a tributary of Sixty Mile Creek, but in the forty Mile district, had many claims that yielded from five to fifty thovsend dollars cach during the seasons of 1896-97. Walker's Fork,
Placer Mine—Bonanza Creek.
Napoleon and Davis Creeks, all tributaries of Forty Mile, are known to be rich. Chicken Creek, which was discovered two years ago, is the best creek in the district. It enters Forty Mile about one hundred
-and fifty miles above its mouth, and can be worked either in winter
or in summer. The ground is rich, but irregular.
The greater part of the Forty Mile district was for many years supposed to be in American territory, but by the survey of Mr. William Ogilvie in 1896 (and of which there is some doubt as to its correctness) the Canadian government claims jurisdiction as follows: Gold Creek, Glacier Creek, Miller Creek, all but one mile of Bedrock Creek, Moose Creek, lirst Fork of Moose Creek, twenty-three miles of Forty Mile River, one mile of the three heads of Smith Creek, one mile of several heads of Canon Creek on the east side ot the main stream and about one mile of Davis and Poker Creeks. The boundary line is plainly marked by cuts through the woods from the creek beds to the hill tops.
Circle City will undoubtedly prosper through the coming year and will probably be the largest town in 'northern Alaska. It is about eighty-five miles in a direct line from the boundary line, although the distance by way of the river is over two hundred miles. Circle City is the distributing point for the Bireh Creek Mines, which were discovered in August, 1893. '
Birch Creek is about three hundred and fifty miles long. The North Fork has its source in the Ratzel mountains, one hundred miles west of Circle City, flowing to the southward some fifty miles, and then to the eastward nearly one hundred miles, completing an almost perfect semi-circle, at a point eight miles west of Circle City, and thence flowing parallel with the Yukon for a hundred and fifty miles to where it empties into the latter stream below Fort Yukon. The South Fork flows in a northeasterly direction and unites with the North Fork sixty miles southwest of Circle City.
In this district Mastodon Creek is the best, and up to the discovery of the Klondike was known as the richest placer diggings in the world. Not over one-tenth of the claims known to be rich have yet been worked, and yet over three hundred thousand dollars was produced in one summer.
There are ten miles cf ground already prospecied on this creek
which will prove as productive as any ten miles of ground in the
Klondike district.
Independence Creek is also known to be rich, but was not worked last year to any great extent, on account of the scarcity of miners. The four claims produced over seventy-five thousand dollars.
Gold Dust Creek has sixty claims which were paying well, but were all abandoned during the Klondike stampede.
Harrison Creek is thirty miles long, and contains about one hundred locations. There is probably not a claim on the creek that will not yield ten dollars to the shovel, and, having an ample supply of water and a good grade, will eventually produce miiiions under hydraulic pressure. :
Porcupine Creek is about the same length as Harrison, and has been located for hydraulic purposes. It was abandoned and is subject to relocation.
Lower Coal Creek is also about thirty miles long and subject to
Mile, are known wo years ago, is out one hundred either in winter
for many years survey of Mr. e doubt as to its ction as follows: mile of Bedrock enty-three miles smith Creek, one side of the main ks. The bound- s from the creek
coming year and ska. It is about vy line, although ed miles. Circle ines, which were
niles long. 'The ne hundred miles . fifty miles, and pleting an almost Circle City, and 1d and fifty miles ort Yukon. The unites with the
to the discovery diggings in the be rich have yet dollars was pro-
d on this creek f ground in the
was not worked ircity of miners. dollars.
paying well, but
s about one hun- e creek that will ample supply of iiions under hyarrison
, and has d and is subject
ry and subject to
relocation. It enters the Yukon from the west some fifty miles above 'rele City.
Preacher Creek, which enters Birch Creek sixty miles from Circle City, is one hundred and fifty miles in length, and has been prospected but little.
There are a large number of creeks in the Birch Creek district, which will pay from eight to ten dollars to the man but which, of course, cannot be worked at the prevailing wages and under present processes. The gold of these creeks is of better quality than any other district on the Yukon, much of it going as high as $19 an ounce.
The ground in most of the gulches is shallow and easily worked and are winter as well as summer diggings.
Then there is the Minook district, the Tanana and a large number of other streams which are known to carry gold, and there will be no trouble for the prospector to find plenty of territory to ramble over, without being crowded for elbow room.
Fort Selkirk Rejuvenated.
Old Fort Selkirk, on the Yukon, has been given a new official lease of life. Last fall the stockade and government grounds were - bustling with men in the bright-colored uniforms of the English regular artillery and infantry and cavalry—for all these army branches
go to the make-up of the detachment just stationed there. They - worked night and day to get things in shape for the winter. Bar-racks
had to be built, a big supply of firewood cut and provisions for ' the little garrison brought down the river.
Fort Selkirk has actually been provided with ordnance; not such ordnance as would cause a rough rider to think twice, but nevertheless ordnance suitable for the Yukon. wo Maxim rapid fire guns and three seven-pounders are planted around the stockade, which includes 'a number of recently completed buildings. There are eight in all; barracks, officers' quarters and hospital. There are two hundred men of all ranks in the detachment and it is evident they are there to back Fup the mounted police in their efforts to keep law and order among 'the miners.
Future of the Yukon Country.
' No man who has entered Alaska has had better opportunities for 'studying the country or is in all ways so competent to forecast its future as Capt. J. J. Healy. Lately he said:
"The Klondike region is, of course, simply phenomenal in richness, rand there are probably 200 claims, which will yield $500,000 each 'before they are worked out. There is plenty of $8 and $10 country pall about, which is not worked, but in twenty years from now it will be and the country will support 100,000 miners instead of 25,000. However, the Klondike is but one branch of the Yukon river, of which Sour country has 1,600 miles and the Canadian government 700. There E are probably one thousand tributaries of the Yukon as large as the 'Klondike and nearly as good. A placer claim that sold for $25,000 iwas the highest IT ever heard of previous to my going to the Yukon ountry, and one that sold for $250,000 was beyond anything T ever
TSU f,
dreamed of—but that is what is seen on the Yukon every day, and the people who purchase them stand to get their money bac k twice over,
The Yukon is not entirely a poor man's country. A man should either go there without a dollar and prepared to work or he should have plenty of money. The man who goes there with a few dollars soon loses it all in speculation. or gambling and then stays there to hecome a drone on the community or sends for money to bring him hack and comes to the United States with a tale of hard liek and disaster on the Yukon, Ina vear or two, when conditions become settled, and wages approach a reasonable sum, it will be easier for companies to work their claims, When ordinary miners get) from #15 to $0 a day it is higher than any company can afford to pay and more than ever heard of in the most prosperous days of Montana and Idaho. By the old time process it cost fifty oents to GO cents to the one dollar to get the gold out and if we coud use ordinary processes it would cost about ten cents, By December tst the ground is frozen to bedrock and that is the time for the miner to start in, There has been about $12,000,000 in gold taken out of Alaska' in the last twelve months and there will be #30, 000.000 more in the next,
As to the ordinary everyday life in' the Y ukon country, my wife and have lived in Dawson for the last year and we are going back in the spring There are good and bad people there as well as anywhere else, The captain here named as promising camps for this year: Dawson and Fort Cudahy in the Klondike and Eagle City, Circle City, Fort Yukon, Rampart City. Weare and Healey on the island of St. Michacl—-the last two being supply points.
No Starvation on the Yukon.
The mining camps on the Yukon. from Healy, St. Michael's Island, to Dawson ( itv in the Klondike, could by no possibility suffer privation during last winter. The steamship companies operating on the Yukon, as was ascertained in October had at least 20,000 tons of provisions jn warehouses at the various camps on the river, exclusive of a vast quantity stored at Healy.
Captain J.J. Healy of the North American Transportation and Trading Co. gave these figures of the amounts held by that company, and as a guarantee of its purpose to anticipate all demands:
Dawson, 1000 tons; Fort Cudahy (Porty Mile), 1,500 oe Circle City, 1,500 tons: Rampart City, 1000 tons: Fort Yukon, 1,500 tons: Kagle City, 500 tons: Perry City, 500 tons, At the same time a big store and warehouse was under construction at K ale City to receive further large supplies from the late steamers for the use of the miners on American Creek.
The report concludes: "To put this freight on the river the assistance of outside steamers was necessary, The North Amerie:n Transportation and Trading Company had besides it regular fleet the river steamers Milwaukee, ( Gold Star and four of the big Mor: an boats."
The Outlook for 1899.
On his latest return from Alaska, Capt. J. . Healy, of the "N. A, Y. and T. Co.", was interviewed at Seattle ay a representative of the
iv, and the ice over, an should he should ew dollars s there to bring him luek and Is become easier for get from pay and Montana P cents to nary pro- e ground start in. Mlaska in the next. my wife ing back as anyfor this rle City, yon the
michael's v suffer iting on tons of Xclusive
on and mpany,
Circle ) tons: 'a big receive miners
Yr the eriesn et the
oats."
N. A, of the
& T. Co. River Steamer " John Cudaly '? Loaded with Klondikers, at Dawson.
A. T.
N.
aR ee"
ie 3k oy
Seka ae
a 2 Se e
local press and gave these opinions as to the prospects in the Youkon during the season of 1899:
This winters operations will depend largely as to their extent upon the attitude of the Dominion Government. The output for the past season was unquestionably much less than it would have been but for the heavy duties imposed upon the mining and lumbering industries.
It seems strange that the Dominion Government should tax so heavily the two industries that should remain unburdened. When the royalty was placed upon the gold output and the size of the claims were reduced to 250 feet, it sent thousands of prospectors back to the American side.
It is simply 1,320 square feet against 250 feet: The former is the size of the American placer claims and the latter that of Canada.
Mr. Ogilvie, the new Commissioner, is a good man for the country but he is powerless to reduce or abolish the royalty. He told me that himself a short while before I left Dawson. We hope for much from the Canadian Authorities, but of course we are in the dark yet as to what we will get.
We have had a large force of men working on our mining properties all summer, and have not taken out $1.00 yet. Our method is new in that country, but it has been practiced in Siberia, and it is the only reasonable way of working placer mines in that frozen zone. We merely peel the moss off the ground to as great a depth as possible leaving the mud and gravel exposed to the rays of the sun. In many cases we have reaclied the gravel and removed part of themuck by sluicing. It will all go off when the sun gets to work next summer. Then it will be possible to sluice out the pay dirt just as is done in warmer climates.
We can then take out as much gold in thirty days sluicing as ordinarily under old methods it would take five years to do.
The output of the Klondike district next season will be treble that of the last year. The country is fast getting down to a business basis. It needs no booming.
The American side of the line is developing rapidly and it will produce heavily next year, so that the total output of the Youkon district will be several times larger than ever before.
Gold-Seekers Move Down Stream.
The Alaskan end of the Youkon basin seems as deserving of careful examination as the portion in Canada. This has come to be appreciated so that soon there will be considerable gold-seeking on the American side of the line. At present the most extensive prospecting on this side is going on along the Koyukuk River. The Koyukuk is the Youkon's largest affluent, having the length of 800 miles or more.
Small steam boats can navigate the stream for most of its course. Years ago, soft gold was washed from bars nearer the source than the mouth, but no coarse gold was found, and the river was deserted for the coarse gold diggings on the Forty Mile and about Circle City. The old time prospecting amounted to next to nothing for no bed rock was examined.
Since June of 1898 about 750 men have gone up the Koyukuk intending to work, and in as much as they are generally equipped
Youkon
ent upon the past een but g indus-
1 tax so
When 1e claims k to the
er is the da.
country me that ch from et as to
properathod is nd it is Mm zone. possible n many tuck by umimer. done in
cing as
treble business
it will Y yukon
rf care-ho
bed
yukuk pped
for two years and have more than twenty small steamers of their own, something should come of their presence in this unknown region. Most of them are occupied in getting into winter quarters and not much prospecting has been done.
There are several well-founded reports of rich finds by these late comers, but all that can be said is that "flour" gold has been obtained recently from some bars, and the experienced miners think well of the surface indications away up stream.
Matters at Birch Creek.
Why some men have turned to the Koyukuk instead of Birch Creek is not clear, for the Birch Creek district is known to have value and there is some proved ground obtainable on easy terms and a good deal of room for the prospector.
Probably 500 would cover the population, but before the Youkon freezes this number may be doubled or trek'ed by miners from Dawson. Birch Creek is more than 300 miles long and has numerous tributaries,
Since 1891 mining has been carried on along branches of the stream lying forty to sixty miles from Cirele City, which camp on the Youkon is reached by an over-land travel of eight miles from the creek,
The yield of gold has been about $2,000,000. When the Bonanza find was made there were about 1,500 to 2,000 persons in the Birch Creek district and they were getting on passably well; but they let go every thing and rushed pell-mell to the Klondike, and when Mr. Samuel Dunham arrived at Circle City, in the summer of 1897, his census numbered only thirty souls.
No very rich spots have been found on Birch Creek and no large fortunes have been made there; but if the rush had not taken place the Circle Citv diggings would have gone on yielding moderate returns to the hard working, for in the bottom's is to be found a large quantity of low grade gravel which is worth working, and there are crecks that have still no acquaintance with the gold-pan.
A long time will be required to prospect the Birch Creek carefully, and it is too soon to estimate the wealth that will be produced, but whether new strikes be made or not, there will be a large output of gold from Birch Creek placers within the next decade, although it will be just as well to keep in mind that the men who do the digging will have very little fun and will need a big supply of muscle, courage and mosquito netting.
The diggings are most economically operated in the summer.
Wearing Apparel, Outfits, Etc.
With the improvement in transportation service the past year conditions have entirely changed. The North American Transportation and 'Trading Co. owning fourteen trading posts on the Yukon River and its tributaries, buying its goods by carload lots, transporting same on their own boats, are enabled to furnish prospectors', miners' and tourists' outfits, supplies, etc., in any quantity at reasonable prices, which makes it unnecessary that six months' or a year's supplies coming into the country. Sufficient money to pay your expenses one year should be taken with you. ra
wa
Phlaly LayerT
On The Canadian Side.
General Pointers
The Northwest Territory on the Canadian Side is well known on account of the rich placer mines on the Klondike River and its tributaries, but some new discoveries have recently been made on Stewart River and Thistle Creek, the value of which are not known as yet on account of the strikes having been made about the time of closing of navigation, and full reports have not been received,
The output of tne Nlondike District for the year of 1898 was about $14,000,000, and it is confidently expected that it will reach betweer $25,000,000 and $30,000,000 for the year 1899, and will increas accordingly each vear as the population and development work increases,
The N. W. Territory Mining Laws.
Following is a synopsis of regulations respecting the Yukon territory:
Timber.
Applications for permission to ent timber in the Yukon Territory, either under license or permit, should be made to the Timber Agents of the Yukon 'Territory,
Land.
The Commissioner at Dawson is empowered to sell land in the Yukon 'Perritory at an upset price of $10 an acre cash; also coal lands at the rate of from S10 to $20 an acre.
Applications for grazing and hay lands should also be made to the Commissioner at Dawson,
Dredging.
Applications for permission to dredge for minerals in the beds of rivers in the Yukon Territory should be made to the Seeretary, Department of the Interior, Ottawa. Not more than thirty miles of river can be leased to one applicant.
Hydraulic Mining.
Applications for locations to be worked by the hydraulic or other mining process should be made to the Minister of the Interior, at Ottawa. Locations shall have a frontage of from one to five miles in direct line by a depth of one mile. Each alternate claim shall be reserved to the Crown.
Entries.
Entry for mining locations. either quartz or placer, shall be obtained from the Mining Recorder in whose district the loeation is situated, or from the ¢ told Commissioner at Dawson,
wn on nd its ide on known ime of
8S was reach 'ill inwork
terriritory
, ents
n the lands
le to
Quartz Claims.
A free miner who has discovered mineral in place may locate ¢ claim not exceeding 1,500 feet long by 1,500 feet wide, by marking it with two legal posts, one at each end, on the line of the lode or vein and marking out the line between the posts. and placing on each of such posts a location notice. The claim shall be recorded with the Mining Recorder of the District within fifteen days after location thereof, if located within ten miles of the Recorder's office, an additional day being allowed for each addit'onal ten miles,
In the event of a claim being more than 100 miles from a Recorders office and situated where other claims are heing located, the Free Miners, not less than five in number, may appoint a Free Miners' Recorder; but if the latter fails within three months to notify the nearest Government Mining Recorder of his appointment, the clainis which he may have recorded will be cancelled.
The fee for recording a claim is $5.
Placer.
Claims in the Yukon 'Territory are Creek, Gulch, River and Hill claims. They are 250 feet in length measured in the general direction of the creek or river. and from 100 feet to 2.000 feet in width accord: ing to the formation of the ground.
Claims are to be marked by two legal posts, one at each end. An entry for a claim must be obtained within ten days if the location is within ten miles of the Mining Recorders office. One extra day is allowed for every additional ten miles or fraction thereof. In the event of a claim being more than 100 miles from a Recorder's office, the same rule applies as in quartz mining regulations for recording the claim,
The person or company who obtains an entry for a claim must hold a Free Miner's Certificate. Every alternate ten claims are. reserved to the Crown.
The discoverer to a claim is entitled to 500 feet in length. If the party consists of two discoverers, two claims may be granted amounting together to 1,000 feet in length. To each member of a party he vond two in number, a claim of 'the ordinary size only.
An-entry fee of $15 is charged. The holder of a creek, guleh ot river claim may within sixty days after staking out the claim obtain an entry for a hill claim adjoining, on payment of fee. This permission is also given to the holder of a creek, gulch or river claim, who prior to January, 1898, obtained an entry therefor, provided the hill claim is available at the time the application is made therefor. No miner shall receive a grav: of more than one mining claim in a mining district. the boundaries of which shall be defined by the Mining Recorder: but the same miner may also hold a hill claim and any number of claims by purchase, and any number of miners may unite to work their claims in common.
A claim shall be deemed to be abandoned when the same shall have remained unworked for three consecutive working days of 24 hours each, unless sickness or other reasonable cause be shown to the satisfaction of the Mining Recorder.
It shall not only be necessary for a person or company working
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a quartz or placer claim to hold a free miner's certificate, but every person in his, or its, employment shall have a free miner's certificate unexpired.
That Canadian Royalty.
It is very difficult to get claim owners around Dawson to express themselves freely on the subject of their output, owing to the Dominion government law that demands ten per cent royalty on all gold taken out of the ground even to the winter's pannings; hence the impossibility of getting a complete list of claims, owners and probable output of each. Enforcing the payment of this royalty is declared an outrage, even by Canadians here, and is fast proving the straw that breaks the camel's back. For in addition to the long list of extortionate government charges, this last move has engendered a bitter feeling against the Dominion governinent that is gradually shaping, itself into a general exodus from here down the Yukon and over to the American side which has been stampeded and restaked since last January. It promises to be the best camp for the poor man during coming years. This feeling appears to be general and is growing daily as evidenced by the number of boats with new comers that are seen going down the Yukon River every day, their occupants being satisfied to give Dawson and the Dominion government the go by. One of these Americans who has been here two-years and long enough to become thoroughly familiar with the situation said:
"We are being plucked on all sides, We undergo untold hardships and sufferings to get here in order to develop their country and how are we received? Before we can either stake a claim or get work of any kind we must pay $10 for a miners' license, which is nothing more than an annual poll tax. Employers are forbidden to give work to any man not holding a miner's license. Then comes a charge of $15 for recording a claim located. On firewood for mining purposes you are taxed twenty-five cents a cord and nine cents a running foot for house-logs or saw-logs used to whip saw lumber for sluice boxes. 'Then there is a system in vogue here of selling indulgences, as it were. Tf you want to build a bridge you must pay a royalty running up into the thousands, and the same if you want to put a boom across the stream.
Canadian Customs Laws
The Canadian Government passes, free of duty, wearing apparel, articles of personal adornment, toilet articles, and similar personal effects as travelers' baggage for use of persons for immediate purposes of the journey; the duty on the American goods average about thirty per cent, and, so far as is known at present, it is not thought there will be any change in the customs laws this year. It should be borne in mind, however, that nearly all supplies come from United States points, and if bought at Canadian points, duties are added to their cost.
Placer Mining—Panning.
"The process of placer mining is about as follows: After clearing all the coarse gravel and stones off a patch of ground, the miner lifts
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a little of the firmer gravel or sand in his pan, which is a broad shallow dish, made of strong sheet iron; he then puts in water enough to fill the pan and gives it a few rapid whirls and shakes; this tends to bring the gold to the bottom on account of its greater specific gravity. The dish is then shaken and held in such a way that the gravel and sand are gradually washed out, care being taken as the process nears completion to avoid letting out the finer and heavier parts that have settled to the bottom. finally all that is left in the pan is whatever gold that may have been in the dish, and some black sand which invariably accompanies it. This black sand is nothing but pulverized magnetic iron ore.
"Should the gold thus found be fine, the contents of the pan are thrown into a barrel containing water and a pound or two of mercury. As soon as the go!d comes in contact with the mercury it combines and forms an amalgam. This process is continued until enough amalgam has been formed to pay for 'roasting' or 'firing.' It is then squeezed through a buckskin bag, all the mercury that comes through the bag being put back into the barrel to serve again, and what remains in the bag is placed in a retort, if the miner has one, or if not, on a shovel, and heated until nearly all the mercury is evaporized. The gold then remains in a lump with some mercury still held in combination with it. This is called the 'pan' or 'hand' method, and is never, on account of its slowness and laboriousness, continued for any length of time when it is possible to procure a 'rocker', or to make and work sluices.
Placer Mining—Rocking.
"A rocker is simply about three feet long and two wide, made with a heavy sheet iron bottom, which is punched full of quarter-inch holes. The other part of the box is fitted with an incline about midway in its depth, which is six or eight inches lower at its lower end than at its upper. Over this is placed a piece of heavy woolen blanket. The whole is then mounted on two rockers, much resembling those of an ordinary cradle, and when in use they are placed on two blocks of wood so that the whole may be readily rocked.
"After the miner has selected his claim he looks for the most convenient place to set up his 'rocker', which must be near a good supply of water.
"Then he proceeds to clear away all the stones and coarse gravel, gathering the finer gravel and sand in a heap near the 'rocker'. The shallow box on top is filled with this, and with one hand the miner rocks it, while with the other hand he ladles in the water. The finer: matter with the gold falls through the holes onto the blanket, which checks its progress and holds the fine particles of gold, while the sand and other matter pass over it to the bottom of the box, which is sloped so that what comes through is washed downward and finally out of the box.
"Across the bottom of the box are fixed thin slats, behind which some mercury is placed to catch any particles of gold that may escape the blanket. If the gold is nuggety, the large nuggets are found in the upper box, their weight detaining them until all the lighter stuff has passed through, and the smaller ones are held by a deeper slat at
the outward end of the bottom of the box. The piece of blanket is at intervals taken out and rinsed into a barrel if the gold is fine, mercury being placed at the bottom of the barrel.
Sluicing for Gold.
"Sluicing is always employed when possible. It requires a good supply of water, with sufticient head or fall. The process is as follows: Planks are procured and formed into a box of suitable width and depth. Slats are fixed across the bottom of the box at suitable intervals, or shallow holes are bored in the bottom in such order that no particle could run along the bottom in a straight line and escape running over a hole. Several of these boxes are then set up with a considerable slope, and are fitted into one another at the ends, lik a stovepipe. A stream of water is now directed into the upper end of the highest box. 'The gravel having been collected, as in the case of the rocker, it is shoveled into the upper box, and is washed downward by the strong current of water. he gold is detained by its weight, and is held by the slats or in the holes mentioned; if it is fine, mercury is placed behind the slats or in these holes to catch it.
"In this way about three times as much dirt can be washed as by the rocker, and consequently three times as much gold can be secured in a given time.
"A great many of the miners spend their time in the summer prospecting, and in the winter resort to what is called 'burning'. They make fires on the surface, thus thawing the ground until the bed-rock is reached. The pay dirt is brought to the surface and heaped in a pile until spring, when water can be obtained. The sluice boxes are then set up and the dirt is washed out, thus enabling the miner to work advantageously and profitably the year round. This method has been found very satisfactory in places where the pay streak is at any great depth from the surface. In this way the complaint is overcome which has so commonly been advanced by the miners and others that in the Yukon several months of the year are lost in idleness. Winter usually sets in very soon after the middle of September snd continues until the beginning of June. The mercury frequently falls to 60 degrees below zero, but in the interior there is so little humidity in the atmosphere that the cold is more easily endured than on the coast. In the absence of thermometers, miners, it is said, leave their mercury out all night and when they find it frozen solid in the morning they conclude that it is too cold to work. The temperature runs to great extremes in summer, as well as in winter, it being quite a i a thing for the thermometer to register 100 degrees in the shade."
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Gold
The American Side.
Minerals.—Gold, silver, copper, galena, antimony, plumbago, mica, asbestos, coal, iron, cinnabar, sulphur and other metals and minerals have been found in Alaska. The many tributaries along both sides of the 2,000 miles of the Yukon River not yet prospected, offers splendid opportunities to the prospector, and the further discovery of gold bearing quartz on the American side will no doubt lead to a great stampede in that direction.
The American side is developing wonderfully. The principal strikes being near Eagle City on Forty Mile River, Mission and American Creeks; Star City on Seventy Mile River; Independence City on Charlie River; Circle City on Birc', Creek; Fort Yukon on Porcupine River; Rampart on Manook Creek; Weare on Tanana River, and up the Koyukuk River; also in Golovin Bay and Fish River Districts, off from Norton Sound. The above rivers and creeks have rich tributaries and the mines promise hig outputs in the near future.
To reach these points by the route of the N. A. T. and T. Co. you pay but one fare including meals and berths, and with but one transfer at Healy, St. Michael's Island.
Secure your transportation via the N. A. T. and T. line and you will then know before you start how much it will cost you and when
pe you will reach your destination.
os Remember that its boats will be the first to reach these new dig- ; gings and you will save both time and money by waiting for the first ; trip of the elegant and commodious ocean steamship "Roanoke", sailing
from Seattle on or about June 10th, 1899. of Work on American Creeks.
The creeks on the:American side are mostly shallow or summer diggings, suitable for ground sluicing or hydraulic work. They can be worked much cheaper than deep diggings where the ground has to be burned and hoisted with a bucket and windlass. On many of these creeks the gold is found distributed throughout the ground, and not on bed rock only, as is the case in the deep diggings in the Klond"te district. All prospected work can be done to better advantage in the winter when the ground is frozen to bed-rock, than in summer, when water is liable to drive out the prospector.
Discovery claim on Walker's Fork, owned by the Pierce Bros., was prospected last winter, by sinking to bed rock, at intervals across the creek. Bed rock was found at a depth of six to eight feet, and a pay streak was located 145 feet wide on bed rock, from one tc two feet thick. This ground would go from 3 cents to 40 cents to the pan. They were working this claim in August and taking out from 1 to 3 ounces per day to the man. It is the only claim on the creek being worked; others are being prospected and better pay reported on claims six and eight miles below Discovery. This creek is seventy-five or eighty miles long, with many tributaries. Poker and Davis, empty-tet
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ing near Discovery, were being worked when the Klondike was struck, and during the past summer several claims have been worked again, producing from 1 to 2 ounces per man ground sluicing.
Other tributaries are Cherry, Big Shookum, Twelve Mile, Liberty, McKinley, Wade, etc. All have been found gold-bearing. The size of claims on the American side is twenty acres; 1320 by 660 feet where local regulations have not restricted the size of claims. On Walkers' Fork claims are 1000 feet instead of 1320.
Miners on each creek, if they so desire, can authorize and pass is i in conflict with the United States laws governing their own
istrict.
Canadians Not Shut Out.
It is provided by the act of reciprocity passed by the United States -
as to mining claims in Alaska: That native-born citizens of the Dominion of Canada shall be accorded in said District of Alaska the same mining rights and privileges accorded to citizens of the United States in British Columbia and the Northwest Territory by the laws of the Dominion of Canada or the local laws, rules and regulations; but no greater rights shall be thus accorded than citizens of the United States or persons who have declared their intention to become such may enjoy in said District of Alaska; and the Secretary of the Interior shall from time to time promulgate and enforce rules and regulations to carry this provision into effect.—Public Bill No. 39, Sec. 13; approved May 14th, 1898.
Mining Laws In Alaska.
Placer Claims.
The general mining laws of the United States apply to Alaska. Claims usually called "placers" are subject to entry and patent under United States mining law. No single individual can locate more than twenty acres of placer land, and no location by an association of persons can exceed one hundred and sixty acres. These are the maximum amounts which can be located by a person or association, but smaller areas can be located, and this has been done in several cases in Alaska where there is not sufficient ground to allot full sized claims. The price per acre of placer claims is $2.50.
When a placer contains veins or lodes, the cost per acre for such included vein or lode, with twenty-five feet on each side thereof, is $5 per acre, the remainder, the ordinary price for placer land. Hf the claim be all placer ground, the fact must be stated in the application and corroborated by accompanying proofs. If of mixed placers and lodes it should be set out with a description of all known lodes, separately, situated in the boundaries of the claim. A specific Jeclaration as to each lode intended to be claimed must be made, any other lode knew. to exist within the limits of such placer claim, and not covered oy such declaration, is by the silence of the applicant excluded by law from all claimed by him of whatsoever nature, possessory or otherwise.
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When a new district is discovered, miners may select a Recorder of Claims, providing no regular government official, authorized to perform such duties, is within convenient distance. All locations must be distinctly marked on the ground, and the official survey thereof is required to be identical with or within the lines of the recorded location.
Lode Claims.
A lode location may contain an area of twenty and sixty-six hundredths acres. It may be fifteen hundred feet in length and six hundred feet in width, but no more. The end lines of a location must be parallel. The location must be distinctly marked on the ground. The official survey of same is required to be identical with or within the lines of location. The price for a lode claim is $5 per acre.
Patent.
A patent for land claimed or located under the United States Mining Laws applicable to Alaska may be obtained in the following manner:
Any person, association or corporation, entitled by law to locate mineral lands, having a valid location on placer ground or vein ot lode, wishing to make entry of same must first have an official survey of it. The survey must be executed by a duly appointed United States Deputy Mineral Surveyor. The first step to be taken to secure this end is to obtain a certified copy of the location notice from the Recorder of the district in which the claim is situated of the claim sought to be surveyed, and forward same to the United States Surveyor General with an application for survey, together with a request that an estimate of the cost in connection therewith be furnished. If the location conforms to law and regulations thereunder, the estimate will be furnished. The applicant will then deposit the required amount in some United States Depository, and upon receipt of the duplicate certificate of deposit by the Surveyor General, he will issue order for survey.
Upon approval of the survey by the Surveyor General, the applicant will be furnished with two approved plats and a certified copy of the field notes thereof. The claimant will then pust one of the plats, together with a notice of application for patent, in a conspicnous place on the land embraced in such plat. The claimant will then file the other plat and the certified copy of the field notes with his application for patent in the proper U. S. Land Office, together with the affidavit of, at least, two persons that the proper notice has been duly posted on the claim, and shall file a copy of said notice in such Land Office, and shall thereupon be entitled to a patent to the land in the following manner:
The Register of said Land Office, upon the filing of such application, plat, field notes, notices and affidavits, shall publish a notice that such application has been made, for a period of sixty days in a newspaper, to be by him designated as published, nearest to such claim, and he shell post such notice in his office for the same period. The claimant at the time of filing such application, or at any time thereafter, within sixty days of publication, shall file with Register
a certificate of the U. S. Surveyor General, that $500 worth of work has been expended, or improvement made upon the claim by himself or grantors; that the plat is correct, with such further description of natural object by reference to natural obi2cts or permanent monuments as shall identify the claim and furnish an accurate description to be incorporated in the patent, at the expiration of the sixty days of publication, the claimant shall file his affidavit showing that the plat and notice have been posted in a conspicuous place on the claim during the period of publication. If no adverse claim shall have been filed with the Register of the Land Office at the expiration of said sixty days, the claimant is entitled to a patent, upon the payment to the proper office of $5 per acre in the case of a lode claim, and $2.50 for a placer.
The Act of Congress of May 1%, 1884, providing a civil government for Alaska, provides that: "The laws of the United States relating to mining claims and the rights incident thereto, shall, from and after the passage of this act, be in full force and effect in said district." The further mining laws applicable are as follows:
United States Revised Statutes, Sec. 2318. In all cases lands valuable for minerals shall be reserved from sale, except as otherwise expressly directed by law.
Sec. 2319. All valuable mineral deposits in iands belonging to the United States, both surveyed and unsurveyed, are hereby declared to be free and open to exploration and purchase, and the lands in which they are found to occupation and purchase, by citizens of the United States and those who have declared their intention to become such, under regulations prescribed by law, and according to the local customs or rules of miners in the several mining districts, so far as the same are applicable and not inconsistent with the laws of the United States.
Sec. 2820, Mining claims upon veins ov lodes or quartz or other rock in place, bearing gold, silver, cinnabar, lead, tin, copper, or other valuable deposits heretofore located, shall be governed as to length along the vein or lode by the customs, regulations and laws in force at the date of location. A mining claim located after the tenth of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, whether located by one or more persons, may equal but shall not exceed, one thousand five hundred feet in length along the vein or lode; but no location of a mining claim shall be made until the discovery of the vein or lode within the limits of the claim located. No claim shall extend more than three hundred feet on each side of the middle of the vein at the surface, nor shall any claim be limited by any mining regulation to less than twenty-five feet on each side of the middle of the vein at the surface, except where adverse rights existing on the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, render such limitation necessary. The end lines of each claim shall be parallel to each other.
Sec. 2322. The locators of all mining locations heretofore made or which shall hereafter he made, on any mineral vein, lode, or ledge, situated on the public domain, their heirs and assigns, where no adverse claim exists on the tenth dav of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, so 'ong as they comply with the laws of the United
States, and with State, territorial, and local regulations not in conflict with the laws of the United States governing their possessory title, shall have the exclusive right of possession and enjoyment of all the surface included within the lines of their locations, and of all veins, lodes, or ledges, throughout their entire depth, and the top of apex which lies inside of such surface lines extended downward vertically, although such veins, lodes or ledges may so far depart from a perpendicular in their course downward as to extend outside the vertical outside lines of such surface locations. But their right of possession to such outside parts of such veins or ledges shall be confined to such portions thereof as lie between vertical planes drawn downward as above described through the end lines of their locations, so continued in their own direction that such planes will intersect such exterior parts of such veins or ledges. And nothing in this section shall authorize the locator or possessor of a vein or lode which extends in its downward course beyond the vertical lines of his claim to enter upon the surface of a claim owned or possessed by another. Sec. 23824. The miners of each mining district shall make regulations not in conflict with the laws of the United States, or with the laws of the state or territory in which the district is situated, governing the location, manner of recording, amount of work necessary to hold possession of a mining claim, subject to the following requirements: The location must be distinctly marked on the ground so that its boundaries can be readily traced. All records of mining claims hereafter made shall contain the name or names of the locators, the date of the location and such description of the claim or claims located by reference to some natural object or permanent monument as will identify the claim. On each claim located after the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, and until a patent has been issued therefor, not less than one hundred dollars' worth of labor shall be performed or improvement made during each year. On all claims located prior to the tenth of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, ten dollars' worth of labor shall be performed, or improvements made by the tenth of June, eighteen hundred and seventy-four, and each year thereafter for each one hundred feet along the vein until a patent has been issued therefor; but where such claims are held in common, such expenditure may be made upon any one claim; and upon failure to comply with these conditions, the claim or mine upon which such failure occurred shall be opened to relocation in the same manner as if no location of the same had ever been made: Provided, that the original locators, their heirs, assigns, or legal representatives, have not resumed work upon the claim after failure and before such location. Upon the failure of anyone of several coowners who have performed the labor, or made the improvements may, at the expiration of the year, give such delinquent co-owner personal notice in writing or notice by publication in the newspaper published nearest the claim, for at least once a week for ninety days, and if at the expiration of ninety days after such notice in writing, or by publication, such delinquent should fail or refuse to contribute his proportion of the expenditure required by this section, his
interest in the claim shall become the property of his co-owners, who. have made the expenditures.
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Sec, 2336. Where two or more veins intersect or cross each other, priority of title shall govern, and such prior location shall be entitled to all ore or mineral contained within the space of intersection; but the subsequent location shall have the right of way through the space of intersection for the purposes of the convenient working of the mine. And where two or more veins unite, the oldest, or prior location shall take the vein below the point of union, including the space of intersection.
Sec, 23825. A patent for any land claimed and located for valuable deposits may be obtained in the following manner: Any person, association or corporation authorized to locate a claim under this chapter, having claimed and located a piece of land for such purposes, who has, or have, complied with the terms of this chapter, may file in the proper land office an application for a patent, under oath, showing such compliance, together with a plat and field notes of the claim or claims in common, made by, or under the direction of the United States Surveyor-General, showing accurately the boundaries of the claim or claims, which shall be distinctly marked by monuments on the ground, and shall post a copy of such plat, together with a notice of such application for a patent in a conspicuous place on the land embraced in such plat previous to the filing of the application for a patent and shall file an affidavit of at least two persons that such notice has been duly posited,and shall file a copy of such notice in such land office, and shall thereupon be entitled to a patent for the land, in the manner following: The register of the land oflice, upon the filing of such application, plat, field notes, notices, and affidavits, shall publish a notice that such application has been made, for the period of sixty days in a newspaper to be by him designated as published nearest to such claim; and he shall also post such notice in his office for the same period. The claimant at the time of filing this application, or at any time thereafter, within sixty days of pwhlication, shall file with the register a certificate of the United States surveyor-general that five hundred dollars' worth of labor has been expended on improvements made upon the claim by himself or grantors; that the plat is correct, with such further description by such reference to natural objects or permanent monuments as shall identify the claim and furnish an accurate description, to be incorporated in the patent. At the expiration of the sixty days of publication the claimant shall file his affidavit showing that the plat and notice have been posted in a conspicuous place on the claim during such period of publication. If no adverse claim shall have been filed with the register and the receiver of the proper land office at the expiration of the sixty days of publication, it shall be assumed that the applicant is entitled to a patent, upon the payment to the proper officer of five dollars per acre, and that no adverse claim exists; and that thereafter no objections from third parties to the issuance of a patent shall be heard, except it be shown that the applicant has failed to comply with the terms of this chapter.
Sec, 2327. The description of vein or lode claims, upon surveyed lands, shall designate the location of the claim with reference to the lines of the public surveys, but need not conform therewith; but where a patent shall be issued for claims upon unsurveyed lands, the
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surveyor-general, in extending the surveys shall adjust the same to the boundaries of such patented claims, according to the plat or description thereof, but so as in no case to interfere with or change the location of any such patented claim.
Act of Congress of January 22, 1880.—An act to amend sections twenty-three hundred and twenty-four and twenty-three hundred and twenty-five of the Revised Statutes of the United States concerning mineral lands.
Be it enacted, etc., That section twenty-three hundred and twentyfive of the Revised Statutes of the United States be amended by adding hereto the following words: "Provided, That where the claimant for a patent is not a resident of or in the land district wherein the vein, lode, ledge or deposit sought to be patented is located, the application for patent and the affidavits required to be made in this section by the claimant for such patent may be made by his, her, or its authorized agent where said agent is conversant with the facts sought to be established by said affidavits; and provided, That this section shall apply to all applications now pending for patents to mineral lands."
Sec. 2. That section twenty-three hundred and twenty-four of the Revised Statutes of the United States be amended by adding thereto the following words: "Provided, That the period in which the work required to be done annually on all unpatented mineral claims shall commence on the first day of January succeeding the date of location of such claim, and this section shall apply to all claims located since the tenth of May, anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy-two."
Act of Congress of February 11, 1875.—An act to amend section two thousand three hundred and twenty-four of the Revised Statutes, relating to the development of the mining resources of the United States.
Be it enacted, etc., That section two thousand three hundred and twenty-four of the Revised Statutes be, and the same is hereby amended to that where a person or company has, or may run a tunnel for the purpose of developing a lode, or lodes, owned by said person or company, the money so expended in said tunnel shall be taken and considered as expended on said lode or lodes in order to hold the same as required by said act. (See page 43.)
United States Law.—Sec. 2323. Where a tunnel is run for the development of a vein or lode, or for the discovery of mines, the owners of such tunnels shall have the right of possession of all veins or lodes within three thousand feet from the face of such tunnel on the line thereof, not previously known to exist, discovered in such tunnel, to the same extent as if discovered from the surface; and such locations on the line of such tunnel of veins or lodes not appearing on the surface, made by other parties after the commencement of the tunnel, and while the same is being prosecuted with reasonable diligence, shall be invalid; but failure to prosecute the work on the tunnel for six months shall be considered as an abandonment of the right to all undiscovered veins on the line of such tunnel.
Place, Claims,
Sec. 2829. Claims usually called "placers," including all forms of deposit, excepting veins of quartz, or other rock in place, shall be subject to entry and patent, under like circumstances and conditions, and upon similar proceedings, as are provided for vein or lode claims; but where the lands have been previously surveyed by the United States, the entry in its exterior limits shall conform to the legal subdivisions of the pwhlic lands,
United States Law.—Sec, 2330, Legal subdivisions of forty acres may be swhdivided into ten-acre tracts; and two or more persons, or associations of persons, having contiguous claims of any size, althongh such claims may be less than ten acres each, may take joint entry thereof; but no location of a placer claim, made after the ninth day of July, eighteen hundred and seventy, shall exceed one hundred and sixty acres for any person, or association of persons, which location shall conform to the United States surveys; and nothing in this section contained shall defeat or impair any bona fide pre-emption or homestead claims upon agricultural lands, or authorize the sale of improvements of any bona fide settler to any purchaser.
Sec. 2331. Where placer-claims are upon surveyed lands, and conform to legal subdivisions, no further survey or plat shall be required, and all placer-mining claims located after the tenth of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, shall conform as near as practicable with the United States system of public lands surveys, and no such location shall include more than twenty acres for each individual claimant; but where placer-claims cannot be conformed to legal subdivisions, survey and plat shall be made as on unsurveyed lands; and where by the segregation of mineral lands in any legal subdivisions a quantity of agricultural land less than forty acres remains, such fractional portions of agricultural lands may be entered by any party qualified by law, for homestead or pre-emption purposes.
Placer Claims Containing Lodes.
United States Law.—Sec. 2333. Where the same person, association or corporation is in possession of a placer-claim, and also a vein or lode included within the boundaries thereof, application shall be made for a patent for the placer claim, with the statement that it includes such vein or lode, and in such case a patent shall issue for a placer-claim, subject to the provisions of this chapter, including such vein or lode, upon the payment of five dollars per acre for such vein or lode claim, and twenty-five feet of surface on each side thereof. The remainder of the placer-claim; or any placer-claim not embracing any vein or lode claim, shal] be paid at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per acre, together with all costs of proceedings; and where a vein or lode, such as is described in section twenty-three hundred and twenty, is known to exist within the boundaries of a placer-claim, an application for a patent for such placer-claim which does not include an application for the vein or lode claim shall be construed as a conclusive declaration that the claimant of the placer-claim has no right of possession of the vein or lode claim; but where the existence of a vein or lode in a placer-claim is not known, a patent for
t.
the placer-claim shall convey all valuable mineral and other deposits within the boundaries thereof,
United States Law.—See. 2332. Where such person, or association, they and their grantors have held and worked their claims for a period equal to the time prescribed by the statute of limitations for mining claims of the State or Terr'tory where the same may be situated, evidence of such possession and the working of the claims for such period shall be sufficient to establish a right to a patent thereto under this chapter, in the absence of any adverse claim; but nothing in this chapter shall be deemed to impair any lien which may have attached in any way whatever to any mining claim or property thereto attached prior to the issuance of a patent.
United States Law.—Sec. 2321. Proof of citizenship, under this chapter, may consist, in the case of an individual, of his own affidavit thereof: in the case of an association of persons unincorporated, of the affidavit of their authorized agent, made on his own knowledge, or upon information and belief, and in the case of a corporation organized under the laws of the United States, or of any State or Territory thereof, by the filing of a certified copy of their charter or certificate of incorporation,
RBiavss
Form 1.—Discovery Notice.
The 0.++.05. lome,dimgovered by ccccevees cnceres 189 claim feet and feet from discovery.
The above form may be used by prospectors who cannot av the time of discovery run the lines, and definitely describe the location; with a reasonable time (thirty days), the lines should be surveyed or definitely located, and a new location notice posted. (See form below.)
a ot
Form 2 Notice Of Location.
Notice is hereby given that the undersigned having complied with the requirements of chapter 6, title 32, Revised Statutes of the United States, and the local customs, laws and regulations, has located linear feet on the lode, situated in mining district, in County, State of ; described as follows:
Discovered Located seg. so cier Dna sO Yocator.
Care must be taken to describe the claim accurately by reference to natural objects, such as mountains or spars, and the boundaries must be also distinctly marked on the ground to show the extent and location of the claim, being suitable mciuments. Should be as nearly as practicable as the following diagram:
Stake
saasmonmenescamarmmmensn meres: QQ as i nos sre -® Stake
@® Location Shaft @ Discovery Stake
Stake
Stake 'Featermnpesusu sae @
im: @ Itake
eposits
ssocia- s for a ns for he signs for hereto thing ve at- 1ereto
r this idavit of the re, or rganritory ficate
a ae
Form 3.—Location Certificate.—Lode Claim.
Know all men by these presents, that I, cece eee eee of the'Coumty of 2... ec. ccc ceees OL) a re claim by right of discovery and location feet, linear and horizontal measurement, on the lode, along the vein thereof, with all its dips, variations, and angles; together with feet in width on each side of the middle of said vein at the surface, and all veins, lodes, ledges, deposits and surface ground within the lines of
said claim; feet on said lode running from the center of the discovery shaft, and feet, running from said center of discovery shaft.
Said claim is situated in the ee ee mane mining district, county of BPE OF sc iewes vines and bounded and described as follows: 0 cece cece erence
Date of discovery 189... Staked and located sil Rate ah ae RN 189... Date of certificate 188...
PRE case weatu wines
As a part of this form, and in addition to the data therein given the claimant is required to state the names of adjoining claims, and if none adjoin, the relative positions of those nearest, or show by affidavit or otherwise why this is not done. This is an essential requirement.
This notice must be recorded in the office of the mining recorder and in the office of the auditor of the county in which the claim is situate.
Form 10.—Application For Patent.
Peake wes ear eer. , County of 6 +++, 88 Application for patent for the ++- mining claim. To the Register and Receiver of the U. S. Land Office at ,
being duly sworn according to law, deposes and says, that in virtue of a compliance with the mining rules, regulations and customs, by
himself, the said eeeeeees , and his co-claimants (residence of each should be stated), 5+- , applicants for patent herein ha.. become the owner of and ++-eeee-in the actual, quiet and undisturbed possession of linear feet of the vein, lode or deposit, bearing +..+++++ , together with surface GOWN... cee enes feet in width, for the convenient working thereof, as allowed by local rules and customs of miners; said mineral claim, vein, lode or deposit and surface ground being situated in the vb are mining district, county of +55 bur erb cede eng
, an PIF rere er , and being more particularly set forth and described
a eos . Serrerieeri rie fe." 189..., and in the
"his said co-claimants hereinbefore named) to said mining claim, vein,
lode or deposit and surface ground, so surveyed and platted, are substantially as follows, to-wit:
(Trace the history of the lode fully.) Which will more fully appear by reference to the copy of the original record of location and the abstract of title hereto attached and made a part of this affidavit; the value of the labor done and improvements made upon said claim, by himself and his grantors, being to the sum of five hundred dollars, and said improvements consist of (describe fully). In consideration of which facts, and in conformity with the provisions of Chapter Six of Title Thirty-two of the Revised Statutes of the United
States, application is hereby made for and in behalf of said Perron Ne for a patent from the Government of the United States for Cl mining claim, vein, lode, deposit, and the
surface ground so officially surveyed and platted.
Subscribed to and sworn to before me this +ese00. day eer ner eye , A. D., 189..., and I hereby certify that I consider the above deponent a credible and reliable person, and that the foregoing affidavit, to which was attached the field notes of survey SEE citvveevannunen mining claim, was read and examined by him before his signature was affixed thereto and the oath made by him.
Note.—The above is slightly changed in applying for placer mines.
The Canadian Mining Laws. Nature And Size Of Claims.
10. A creek or gulch claim shall be 250 feet long measured in the general direction of the creek or gulch. The boundaries of the claim which run in the general direction of the creek or gulch shall be lines along bed or rim rock three feet higher than the rim or edge of the creek, or the lowest general level of the gulch within the claim, so drawn or marked as to be at every point three feet above the rim or edge of the creek or the lowest general level of the gulch, opposite to it at right angles to the general direction of the claim for its length, but such boundaries shall not in any case exceed 1,000 feet on each side of the center of the stream or gulch. (See Diagram No. 1.)
11. If the boundaries be less than one hundred feet apart horizontally they shall be lines traced along bed or rim rock one hundred feet apart horizontally, following as nearly as practicable the direction of the valley for the length of the claim. (See Diagram No. 2.)
12. A river claim shall be situated only on one side of the river and shall not exceed 250 feet in length, measured in the general direction of the river. The other boundary of the claim which runs in the general direction of the river shall be lines along bed or rim rock three feet higher than the rim or edge of the river within the claim so drawn or marked as to be at every point three feet above the rim or edge of the river opposite to it at right angles to the general direction of the claim for its length, but such boundaries sha!l not in any case be less than 250 feet, or exceed a distance of 1,000 feet from low-water mark of the river. (See Diagram No. 3.)
13. A "hill claim" shall not exceed 250 feet in length, drawn parallel to the main direction of the stream or ravine on which it fronts. Parallel lines drawn from each end of the base line at right angles thereto, and running to the summit of the hill (provided the distance
nes,
a
pe not exceed 1,000 feet) shall constitute the end boundaries of the claim.
14, Al) other placer claims shall be 250 feet square.
15, Every placer claim shall be as nearly as possible rectangular in form, and marked by two legal posts firmly fixed in the ground in the manner shown in diagram No. 4. The line between the two posts shall be well cut out so that one post may, if the nature of the surface will permit, be seen from the other. The flatted side of each post shall face the claim, and on each post shall be written on the side facing the claim, a legible novice stating the name or number of the claim, or both if possible, its length in feet, the date when staked, and the full Christian and surname of the locator.
16. Every alternate ten claims shall be reserved for the Government of Canada. That is to say when a claim is located, the discoverer's claim and nine additional claims adjoining each other and numbered consecutively will be open for registration. Then the next ten claims of 250 feet each will be reserved for the Government, and so on. The alternate group of claims reserved for the Crown shall be disposed of in such manner as may be decided by the Minister of the Interior.
1%. The penalty for trespassing upon a claim reserved for the Crown, shall be immediate cancellation by the Mining Recorder of any entry or entries which the person trespassing may have obtained, whether by original entry or purchase, for a mining claim, and the refusal by the Mining Recorder of the acceptance of any application which the person trespassing may at any time make for a claim. In addition to such penalty, the Mounted Police, upon a requisition from the Mining Recorder to that effect, shall take the necessary steps to eject the trespasser.
18. In defining the size of claims, they shall be measured horizontally irrespective of inequalities on the surface of the ground.
19. If any free miner or party of free miners discover a new mine, and such discovery shall be established to the satisfaction of the Mining Recorder, creek, river, or hill, claims of the following size shall be allowed, namely:
To one discoverer, one claim, 500 feet in length.
To a party of two discoverers, two claims, amounting together to 1,000 feet in length.
To each member of a party beyond two in number, a claim of the ordinary size only.
20. A new stratum of auriferous earth or gravel situated in a locality where the claims have been abandoned shall for this purpose be deemed a new mine, although the same locality shall have been previously worked at a different level.
21. The forms of application for a grant for placer mining, and the grant of the same, shall be those contained in Forms "H" and "T" in the schedule hereto.
22. A claim shall be recorded with the Mining Recorder in whose district it is situated, within ten days after the location thereof, if it is located within ten miles of the Mining Recorder's office. One extra day shall be allowed for every additional ien miles or fraction thereof.
"28. In the event of the claim being more than one hundred miles from a Recorder's office, and situated where other claims are being located, the free miners, not less than five in number, are authorized to
meet and appoint one of their number a "Free Miners' Recorder," who shall act in that capacity until a Mining Recorder is appointed by the Gold Commissione:.
24. The "Free Miners' Recorder" shall at the earliest possible date after his appointment, notify the nearest Government Mining Recorder thereof, and upon the arrival of the Government Mining Recorder, he shall deliver to him his records and the fees received for recording the claims. The Government Mining Recorder shall then grant to cach free miner whose name appears in the records, an entry for his claim on form "I" of these regulations, provided an application has been made by him in accordance with form "H" thereof. The entry to date from the time the "Free Miners' Recorder" recorded the application.
25. If the "Free Miners' Recorder" fails within three months to notify the nearest Government Mining Recorder of his appointment, the claims which he may have recorded will be canceled.
26. During the absence of the Mining Recorder from his office, the entry for a claim may be granted by any person whom he may appoint to perform his duties in his absence.
2%. Entry shall not be granted for a claim which has not been staked by the applicant in person in the manner specified in these regulations. An affidavit that the claim was staked out by the applicant shall be embodied in form "H" in the schedule hereto.
28. An entry fee of fifteen dollars shall be charged the first year, and an annual fee of fifteen dollars for each of the following years. This provision shall apply to claims for which entries have already been granted.
29. A statement of the entries granted and fees collected shall be rendered by the Mining Recorder to the Gold Commissioner at least Nbea' three months, which shall be accompanied by the amount colected
.
30. royalty of ten per cent on the gold mined shall be levied and collected on the gross output of each claim. The royalty may be paid at banking offices to be established under the auspices of the Government of Canada, or to the Gold Commissioner, or to any Mining Recorder authorized by him. The sum of $2,500 shall be deducted from the gross annual output of a claim when estimating the amount upon which royalty is to be calculated, but this exemption shall not be allowed unless the royalty is paid at a banking office or to the Gold Commissioner or Mining Recorder. When the royalty is paid monthly or at longer periods, the deduction shall be made ratable on the basis of $2,500 per annum for the claim. If not paid to the bank, Gold Commissioner, or Mining Recorder, it shall be collected by the customs officials or police officers whem the miner passes the posts established at the boundary of a district. Such royalty to form part of the consolidated revenue, and to be accounted for by the officers who collect the same in due course. The time and manner in which such royalty shall be collected shall be provided for by regulaiteas to be made by the Gold Commissioner. ;
31. Default in payment of such royalty, if continued fer ten days after notice has been posted on the claim in respect of which it is demanded, or in the vicinity of such claim, by the @ota Commissioner or his agent, shall be followed by cancellation of the claim. Any attempt to defraud the Crown by withholding any part of the revenao
thus provided for, by making false statements of the amount taken out, shall be punished by cancellation of the claim in respect of which fraud or false statements have been committed or made. In respect to the facts as to such fraud or false statements or non-payment of royalty, the decision of the Gold Commissioner shall be final.
32. After the recording of a claim the removal of any post by the holder thereof or by any person acting in his behalf for the purpose of ete the boundaries of his claim, shall act as a forfeiture of the claim.
33. The entry of every holder of a grant for placer mining must be renewed and his receipt relinquished and replaced every year, the entry fee being paid each time.
34. The holder of a creek, gulch, or river claim may, within sixty days after staking out the claim, obtain an entry for a hill claim adjoining it, by paying to the Mining Recorder the sum of one hundred dollars. This permission shall also be given to the holder of a creek, gulch, or river claim obtained under former regulations, provided that the hill claim is available at the time an application is made therefor.
35. No miner shall receive a grant of more than one mining claim in a mining district, the boundaries of which shall be defined by the Mining Recorder, but the same miner may also hold a hill claim, acquired by him under these regulations in connection with a creek, gulch, or river claim, and any number of claims by purchase; and any number of miners may unite to work their claims in common, upon such terms as they may arrange. provided such agreement is registered with the Mining Recorder and a fee of five dollars paid for each registration. ri
36. Any free miner or miners may sell, mortgage. or dispose of his or their claims, provided such disposal be registered with, and a fee of two dollars paid to the Mining Recorder, who shall thereupon give the assignee a certificate in the form "J" in the schedule hereto.
37. Every free miner shall during the continuance of his grant have the exclusive right of entry upon his own claim for the miner-like working thereof, and the construction of a residence thereon, and shall be entitled exclusively to all the proceeds realized therefrom, upon which, however, the royalty prescribed by these regulations shall be payable; provided that the Mining Recorder may grant te the holders of other claims such right of entry thereon as may be abselutely necessary for the working of their claims, upom such terms as may to him seem reasonable. He may also grant permits fo miners to cut timber thereon for the'. own use.
38. Every free miner shall be entitled to the use of so much of the water naturally flowing through or past his claim, and not already lawfully appropriated, as shall, in the opinion of the Mining Recorder, be necessary for the due working thereof, and shall be entitled to drain his own claim free of charge.
39. A claim shall be deemed to be abandemed and open to occupation and entry by any person when the same shall have remained unworked on working days, excepting during the close season, by the grantee thereof or by some person on his behalf for the space of *seventy-two hours, unless sickness or other reasonable cause be
shown to the satisfaction of the Mining Recorder, or unless the grantee
*72 hours means three consecutive days of 24 hours each.
is absent on leave given by the Mining Recorder, and the Mining Recorder, upon obtaining evidence satisfactory to himself that this provision is not being complied with, may cancel the entry given for a claim.
FORM H.—APPLICATION FOR GRANT FOR PLACER MINING AND AFFIDAVIT OF APPLICANT.
TOP WO) cic sree neereeceseodis OB iscinorstienteenene hereby apply, under the Yukon Placer Mining Regulations, for a grant of a claim for placer mining as defined in the said regulations, in (here describe locality) and I (or we) solemnly swear:
1. That from indications I (or we) have observed on the claim applied for, I (or we) have reason to believe that there is therein a deposit of gold.
2. That I (or we) am (or are) to the best of my (or our) knowledge and belief the first to observe such indications, or:
3. That the said claim was previously granted (here name the last grantee) but has remained unworked by the said grantee for not GUO TAGE. occa sciences cos eweneeans
4, That I (or we) am (or are) unaware that the land is other than vacant Dominion Lands.
5. That I (or we) did on the GAY Oy 044 secon mark out on the ground, in accordance in every particular with the provisions of the mining regulations for the Yukon District, the claim for which I (or we) make this application, and in so doing I (or we) did not encroach on any other claim or mining location previously laid out by any other person.
6. That the length of the said claim, as nearly as I (or we) could measure iSs feet, and that the description of this date hereto attached, signed by me (or us) sets (or set) forth in detail, to the best of my (or our) knowledge and ability, its position.
%. That I (or we) make this application in good faith, to acquire the claim for the sole purpose of mining to be prosecuted by myself (or us) or by myself and associates, or by my (or our) assigns.
Sworn before me at , ee day of 18..
Form I.—Grant For Placer Mining.
Department of the Interior, SEFWTETIANER EET CET Tee 18...
In consideration of the payment of the fee of fifteen dollars prescribed by clause 28 of the mining regulations for the Yukon District, ea A Sree ME sseeiiy accompanying his (or their) application No UBEOG iss eccaes 18..., for a mining claim in (here insert description of locality).
The Minister of Interior hereby grants to the said (A. B.) bebeagi ts for the term of gne year from the date hereof, the exclusive right of entry upon the claim (here describe in detail the claim granted) for the miner-like working thereof, and the construcrantee
lining t this on for
Ning
claim ein a
ledge
e the r not
than
tion of a residence thereon, and the exclusive right to all the proceeds realized therefrom, upon which, however, the royalty prescribed by the regulations shall be paid.
The said Chis Bs os emus shall be entitled to the use of so much of the water naturally flowing through or past his (or their) claim, and not already lawfully appropriated, as shall be necessary for the due working thereof, and to drain his (or their) claim, free of charge.
This grant does not convey to the said (A. B. any right of ownership in the soil covered by the said claim, and the said grant shall lapse and be forfeited unless the claim is continuously and in good faith worked by the said (A B.) or his (or their) associates.
The rights hereby granted are those laid down in the aforesaid mining regulations, and no more, and are subject to, all the provisions of the said regulations, whether the same are expressed herein or not.
Ce 2
Mining Recorder.
Form J.—Certificate Of The Assignment Of A Placer Mining Claim.
CS ce Department of the Interior, PONY ea ied ela sGee uae' 18...
This is to certify that CRs sos aiviainas ORs Sacen ty has (or have) filed an assignment in due form dated I ; and accompanied by a registration fee of two dollars, of the grant to reer A. B.) 0f 0f the right to minein (here insert description of claim) for one year from the ;
This certificate entitles the said CB. C.) ooo to all the rights and privileges of the said GAR. BBL)... coe: e sees in respect
to the claim assigned, that is to say, to the exclusive right of entry upon the said claim for the miner-like working thereof and the construction of a residence thereon, and the exclusive right to all the proceeds realized therefrom (upon which, however, the royalty prescribed by the regulations shall be paid), for the remaining portion of
the year for which the said claim was granted to the said (oe eee that is to say, until the day of 18... The said 2 reer shall be entitled to the use of
so much of the water naturally flowing through or past his (or their) claim and not already lawfully appropriated, as shall be necessary for the due working thereof and to drain his claim, free of charge.
This grant does not convey to the said 3) any right of ownership in the soil covered by the said claim, and the said grant shall lapse and be forfeited unless the claim is continuously and in good faith worked by the said DB. Os verses or his (or their) associates.
The rights hereby granted are those laid down in the Yukon Placer Mining Regulations, and no more, and are subject to all the provisions of the said regulations, whether the same are expressed
ere been ee ees Mining Recorder.
DIAGRAM No. PLAN OF CREEK OR GULCH CLAIM,
' " ' ( ( Naval ap bb wi tins tas tes sob ae baal totes nae DIAGRAM No, 2. PLAN SHEWING SIDE BOUNDARIES LESS THan (00 FEET APART
DIAGRAM No 3 SECTIONAL PLAN OF A RIVER Claim
DIAGRAM No 4 SHEWING HOW CLAIMS ARE TO GE STAKED PLAN OF A CREEK OR GULCH CLAIM
'ee,
Plan Of A River Claim
Business Outlook, Opportunities For Labor, Etc.
There is no man in the Yukon basin who has a more comprehensive understanding of the abnormal conditions existing there than Capt. John J. Healey, manager of the North American Transportation and Trading Company. Captain Healey, who for many years was a resident of J'ort Benton, Mont., has had a varied experience on the frontier, and has proved his courage on many occasions, from encounters. with the Blackfeet and Piegans to engagements, as sheriff of Choteau County, with Missouri River and Yellowstone "rustlers." He entered this field in 1892, as one of the organizers of the great company of which he is now manager, having previously for six years been a partner in the trading post of Healey & Wilson, at Dyea. No better text for this chapter could be chosen than the following statement, which was taken stenographically from Captain Healey, at Dawson, on September 25, 1897:
In regard to the business outlook of this country, I would say that people who are organizing to come here to engage in commercial enterprises should understand that it takes two years' capital to do one year's business. They cannot come in here and secure returns in one year. Such persons should also understand that they cannot build boats and get here the same year. We have tried it three years in succession and have failed each time. The difficulties to be overcome are too great.
There is another point to be taken into consideration in comparing prices here with those outside, and-that is that we can not effect a dollar's worth of marine or fire insurance this side of St. Michaels. We have to carry our own marine, fire, and ice risks on the Yukon, and not many people are willing to put their capital into enterprises of this kind. We are carrying our own insurance because we can not help ourselves. Of course we insure on salt water as far as we can.
In my opinion there is a good field for day labor in the country. There is mineral of all kinds from coast to coast. Take Alaska froin the southeastern coast, skirting around the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean, it is all a mineral range. You can not go anywhere but you will find minerals of all kinds. The trouble is in furnishing supplies under present conditions. The country is so vast that it will take years to supply it with food stations. 'The navigable streams, it is true, will be first utilized; but both Governments must organize a system of roads from these streams into the interior. They must construct roads into the Rockies on the north and east side of the Yukon and into the Alaskan Range on the south and west. If we had a force of people, whether military, police, or engineers, that would devote their time to building these trails and roads, I think the reindeer could be introduced here and utilized to good advantage. I believe the reindeer will be the coming pack horse of this country.
There is another thing to which T would like to call the attention of the Government. I have thought it over often, but have not yet formulated my suggestions, 'The most destitute native race on earth to-day are the Indians on the lower Yukon. Kor 300 miles from the mouth of that stream the principal subsistence of the native population consists of fish and oil. As you come higher up the river the condition of the Indians improves. They were in a wretched condition until we came into the country and gave them an opportunity to earn a little money by cutting wood for our steamers. Our Government ought to do something for those Indians. I am not an advocate of Indian agencies or anything of that kind. I do not believe in keeping the Indians in idleness, but the Government can utilize their services, and this can be done by making mail carriers of them and employing them to cut trails, and a native military organization might be established in the lower Yukon country. 'They are the best workers on earth, and the cost would be insignificant. All they want is a little flour, tea, and tobacco, and these can be laid down very cheaply by the transportation companies. Such a utilization of the services of these people would be of great benefit not only to them but to the government. Under present conditions many of them die of starvation every winter. The Indians farther up the river are better off, because they work around the mines. They have abandoned the fur trade and are engaged in mining, packing, and hunting. They can get from 50 tu 75 cents a pound for all the game they kill.
In regard to the outlook in Alaska, I will say that there is an abundance of low-grade diggings in that country at Forty Mile, Birch Creek, Minook, Seventy Mile, Coal Creek, and American Creek that will support thousands of men when they are ready to work for $7 or $8 aday. There are large tracts of country that will pay those wages. In some of the claims they can work but three months in the year, while in others they can work all the year round. In the mines where they ground-sluice the season is sometimes quite short, but in the drift diggings, which are above water line, they can work the year round.
There is no doubt that there is room here, in work and prospecting, for all the idle miners in the United States. A great many of them will be disgusted when they come here and will not remain and prospect on account of the radical change from the conditions to which they have been accustomed. They have to be able-bodied and act as their own pack horses, and of the men who have been used to riding a cayuse through the mountains and taking a pack animal with them not one in ten will stay in this country, wading through the muck, by 3h, and moss and fighting the mosquitoes. In order to succeed here a man must have an iron nerve and constitution, and those who are not so constituted should remain away. Jt is going to require slow, hard prospecting to develop our resources. You can not see anything; everything is covered by moss, vegetation, aud brush. There are no prairies, but it is all an undergrowth of brush and timber. The country has not been prospected at all as it should be. Prospectors follow up the rivers in boats as long as they can, and if they leave their boats at all it is only for a day, with a little lunch on their backs, so that they can get back to their supplies. That is the only kind of prospecting that has been done. There is not a man in the country
on of earth n the pulaconition Wn a ment te of ping rices, ying stab- s on 'ittle r the hese ernvery they are 0 tu
yunirch that
or ges.
who knows what is back from the river a hundred miles; there is not a man living that has been back a hundred miles from this water course to engage in systematic prospecting.
There is coal down about Cudahy and ten miles from there. 'There is a five-foot vein of fine coking coal within eighteen miles of here, about eight or ten miles from the river. There is coal on the American side, about fifty miles above Circle City. There is also coal below Circle City, near the Tanana.
Copper, asbestos, antimony, and galena abound, and there is a good dea] of low-grade, base ore in the country. I have not seen any freemilling gold ore yet. In time, when labor and provisions become cheaper and the transportation companies can lay down supplies at reasonable prices, these low-grade ores are going to give employment to a great many miners. My opinion is that Alaska and the Northwest Territory within fifty years will produce more minerals than all the other mineral regions of the country put together. I may be visionary, but this is my opinion, based on personal observation. The Tanana Valley will astonish the world even more than the Klondile has. That is the great copper district. The mines that can give employment to large numbers of men for long periods of time are the ones from which the country reaps the most substantial benefits.
About the labor question. I have had a great many men make application to me for assistance, saying that they were broke and wanted to secure an outfit for the winter. This was early in the season, a month or six weeks ago. I said to them, "Why don't you go to work? They replied, "Well, we don't want to work for wages; we want to work on a lay." The wages in the mines are $15 a day, and the wages of laborers are $10 a day, and I told them that they could go to work for wages and in thirty days have enough to buy an outfit for a year; but still they would not go to work. I thought I would stop the thing. A few friends of mine have some claims, and they wanted some men at $10 a day to work them; so I put up a notice, "Eight or ten men wanted; wages, $10 a day." You know the claim owners have decided on paying a dollar an hour from the 1st of October, furnishing the men cabins to sleep in, the miners furnishing their own food. The first application I have had to work for $10 a day, in response to that notice, came in to-day.
I advise the bringing in of silver coin. It is the medium which people use in traveling, in paying the Indians for their little services, etc. There is not a man traveling who does not want an ounce or two of dust changed into silver. Each Government ought to have an assayer, so that a man could take his gold dust to him and have it run into bullion; then that man could come to us with his gold, which would have the stamp of one of the Governments on it, and we could give him our check for it.
Captain Healey's statement is commended to the careful consideration of all who contemplate coming to this country either to engage in ec:nmercial enterprises or to participate in the uncertain pursuit of
hidden treasure. SAM C. DUNHAM.
The Arctic institute of North America
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: f EVERY DAY FOR
MANITOWOC, MILWAUKEE, CHICAGO, isa and EASTERN and SOUTHERN POINTS
Fast Trains Leave Chicago And Milwaukee
Every Day For
St, Paul, Minneapolis, Ashland, Duluth, And All Pacific Coast Points.
Acents Can Give You Further Information.
H. F. WHITCOMB, cen'. mer. JAS. C. POND, a. p. a. MILWAUKEE, WIS.
North Star Shoe Company,
Minneapolis, Minn. Klondike Outfitters On All Kinds Of Footwear.
We are studying the wants of the Alaska Business and we feel that we have secured what the trade wishes, judging from our Alaska shipments. You can have any dealer get our shoes for you, if he does not already carry them.
Mark and Consign all Goods care of
Seattle Transfer Co.
at SEATTLE, WASHINGTON.
They will look out for your interests and transfer or distribute
your goods prompuy as instructed.
Give your baggage checks to their messenger on the train ;
they will store it for three days free of charge and deliver it
where wanted at a reasonable rate for hauling.
This company has been established in Seattle for ten years,
and refers to any business house or bank in Seattle, or to the The North American Transportation and Trading Co.
ois mf
So Tae en
Established In 1857.
3 Originators fe # Condensed Milk.
Borden Brand
it hie s get ra ae ws Seaven Mix will narottr a ST sae etion again® nature
fost
We +00. [ORK CONDENSED mitt °° 21 Hudson Sirewt New Yor
CONDENSED MILK. The Best Known Brand in the World. Sold Everywhere.
Borden's Peerless
Evaporated Cream
UNSWEETENED. A Complete, Pure and Wholesome Substitute for Fresh Milk or Cream. Unequalled by any other Brand.
CC eT mm,
Eagle Brand
Also... BORDEN'S me
CONDENSED COFFEE. Combined with Refined Sugar and Borden's Condensed Milk.
The Brands of the New York Condensed Milk Company are universally recognized as the Standards of Excellence and Purity.
sch sian by the NEW YORK CONDENSED MILK CO., The Largest Manufacturezs'of Milk Products in the World,
RRRNKRRRRMRRRRLRARRRALKARARKR RRRRRRULLLLLRRELLKLRRLERRRRLKRRKKKKE WRURBROLN OLN OER DE EL ELELA ERNE ELULET OL OLN MLN ILOL OLA OLA ML OL ULNA OLE OL RL,
The Best that Money,
1 Skill and Half a Cen-
, -tury's Experience Can Produce
"El Padre Cigar"
: Prize Medals Against q the World...
Made And Guaranteed By
S, Davis & Sons,
Largest Cigar Manufacturers in the Dominion of Canada. %
"Rex" Brand wx Canned Meats
etece AND
ae "Rex" Extract of Beef
Received the Gold Medal for Excellence of Flavor, Packing and Quality, at the Trans - Mississippi & International Exposition, Omaha,
1898, thus proving their superiority over other brands,
The Best that Experience Can Produce or Money Can Buy.
Send For Booklet on Extract of Beef.
The Cudahy Packing Co.,
South Omaha, Neb.
Hudson'S Bay Company
Incorporated A. D. 1670.
The Oldest Trading Corporation In The World.
$4-44444444+4+4+44 THE . GREAT STORES $444444444444444 FULLY EQUIPPED STORES aie FOR... it e Miners and Prospectors : Winnipeg, Vancouver, Kamloops, ¥ Edmonton, Calary, Victoria,
and other points.
Fe Ut Us
Price Lists and all information furnished on application to the Company at the above points
Or At
No. 1 Lime Street, London, E. C., England.
Wd
" STALEY'S WESTERN MADE" If you are going to Klondike Wool Underwear Overshirts Staley's
Heavy Pure Woot
Underwear and Overshirts
Will keep you WARM and
Healthy.
For ECONOMY, COM- FORT and DURABILITY the STALEY GOODS are UNEQUALED.
Every Garment bears this label:
Western Made
A. C. Staley M*F,G. Co South Bend, Ind.
© SOUTH BEND,IND. "Ca ys ANU
None Genuine without it.
Klondikers
who would be well and hearty should use the BACON put up by
Cudahy Brothers Co.,
Milwaukee, Wis.
Minneapolis Knitting Works,
Manufacturers Of
Mgn'S Knit Footwgoar,
Lumbermen's Socks, ... German Socks, Half Hose.
Ask Your Dealer For These Goods
Minneapolis Knitting Works,
Milwaukee, Wis.
THE NEW VANCOUVER COAL MINING & LAND CGO.,_-mursp,
Miners And Shippers Of
Tanaimo Coal.
Collieries At Nanaimo, British Columbia.
Largest Coal Mines On The Pacific Coast.
JOHN ROSENFELD'S SONS, AGENTS, ——it
202 Sansome Street, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
REISS BROTHERS & CoO.,,
Trade Mark Manufacturers and R. B.C. Importers of
Pipes and Smokers' Articles.
We understand the Alaska and Northwestern trade, and makc it a specialty. We carry a large stock and are prepared on a short notice to fill orders, Order direct or through the North American Transportation & Trading Co., or from any of their various trading pee that carry our goods in stock. Our goods have been tried and found to be strictly high grade and first-class in every particular. Correspondeuce solicited.
REISS BROS & CO., 163 Lake Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
The John McPherson Co., limited.
Hamilton, Ont.
Manufacturers
High Grade
o--- Men's Boots,
Just The Kind You Need For The Klondike.
For Sale at all of the N. A. T. & T. Co. Trading Stores, both in Alaska and Northwestern Territory.
Hamilton, Ont.
The Canadian Rubber Co
Of Montreal, Manufacturers Of .
Rubber Boots And Shoes
High and Low Cut Overshoes and Pure Gum Overs of all deseription, Hose, Belting, Packings. Also Camping Blankets, Airpillows, Gloves, Mittens, Etc., Etc. . : : ' ; i
Ask for our 'ALASKA MINING BOOT." Design registered May 2oth, 1896. Made with Patent Leather Insole, Patented July 20th, 1893. Specially constructed to stand the cold climate. Write for Catalogue. - ;
Montreal, Toronto And Wininpkhkg.
HEADQUARTERS FOR , Alaskan and Guide Books.
Gold Dust Bags, Magnifying Glasses, Pocket Compasses,
Gold Scales and Magnets, Books on [ining, Snow Glasses, etc.
Lowman & Hanford Stationery & Printing €0.,
Sereda ep WATSON, HANFORD & RASER,
Snsurance, Real Sstate, ttt NUNC ns
SOur Specialties are LARGE Lines of MARINE, FIRE AND 'LIABILITY INSURANCE, "also REALSESTATE and STAND- ARD MINING STOCKS®of this State and British Columbia,
205-6-7 Pioneer Building, SEATTLE, WASH.
We are prepared to GUARANTEE PRICES, Quality considered, on FURNITURE, CARPETS,
Stoves,
and everything to furnish your home as low as can be bought anywhere in the United States
LargetStock covering 110,000 square feet of Floor Space.
Frederick, Nelson & Munro,
Rialto Block, 2nd Avenue andfMadison! Street, - SEATTLE, WASH.
ss :
Ee eee
Established 1860, Incorporated 1895.
"Crescent"?
And White Steel Agate Ware.
Every article guaranteed not tochip or burn.
Tinware of every description, Sheet Iron, Galvanized, Copper and Aluminum Ware, Wire Goods, Gold Miners' Supplies, Etc.
The Thos. Davidson Mfg. Co. Ltd., Montreal.
Harrisons' Paints and Colors
Murphy's Varnishes J obese of
Carter's White Lead
Whiting's Brushes , "
Wright & Hill's Linseed Oil p if 0 [ Gl § h Ny) Ft Dexter's English Shingle Stain ain S, s, aSS, aS ' 00I, (. Chamber's 'Eagle Brand" Glass
New Jersey Copper Paint 107 Occidental Ave., Rathenie pet aii
om position Gypsine Wall Finish SEATTLE, WASH.
Golden Rule Bazaar Co.
#06 TO 908 FIRST AVENUE. Crockery, Lamps, Cutlery, Granite, Tin, and Wooden Ware, 'Notions, Toys, Trunks, Valises.
Wholesale And Retail,
Picture Frames And Mirrors To Order. Established 1862. Seattle, Wash.
DAVENPORT WOOLEN MILLS Co.,
Davenport, Iowa.
Manshactorers Cu woot Blankets, Flannels and Skirts,
Heavy Blankets For Klondike Trade A Specialty.
For Dealers Only, Send Us Your Orders, !
We Are Manufacturers Of
Mackinaws, Corduroy Suits,
DUCK LINED CLOTHING (Rubber and Slicker Interlined, )
Shirts, Overalls, Pantaloons, Flannel, Blanket, Buckskin Underwear,
And Jobbers Of Special Lines Of
Heavy Knit Underwear, Hosiery, Gloves and Mitts
For The Alaska Trade.
Headquarters for NORTH STAR WOOLEN MILL CO, MACKINAW the only make which will answer: every requirement of the Alaska Climate, "
Guiterman Bros.,
5th and Sibley Streets, ST. PAUL, MINN.
A ee een
Canadian Ma Nufactured Clothing
Specially made for the YUKON comprising both heavy and the finest imported English materials, in Cheviot and Clay Worsteds. Our Clothing has attained the highest degree of perfection in fit and finish. We invite your careful inspection. See our name on the coat hanger.
Ask Your Merchant For It.
W. E. SANFORD MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Limited,
Wholesale Warehouses:
W..E. Sanford Manfg. Co., L't'd., W. E. Sanford Manfg. Co., L't'd., Hamilton, Ont. ° Winnipeg, Man. W. E. Sanford Manfg, Co., L't'd., G. C. Shaw & Co., : Toronto, Ont. Victoria, B, Columbia, RETAIL BRANCHES: Oak Hall, Toronto Ont. Oak Hall, London, Ont. Oak Hall, St. Catharines, Ont. : Oak Hall, Hamilton, Ont. Oak Hall, Windsor, Ont,
Oak Hall, St. Thomas, Ont.
ALBERT HANSEN, Jeweler and Silversmith,
Diamonds, Wafches, jewelry, Silverware, CLOCKS, RICH CUT GLASS, ETC.
Miri ct 706 First Avenue, SEATTLE,
Recommended By The
North American Transportation Co.
Remember this when Ordering Your Supplies.
THE TOWLE MAPLE SYRUP CO, 22°2222 Ex
@ hd
Bb otpahatetectnagetetn s . mK ANY... "Good 0 9? Clothing is good until something happens to it, and then you'll , wish it were a 3 K. N. & F. Co. Suit or 4 : Overcoat! They're 7 $ "honest inside as well as outside" SS °° 3 KUH, NATHAN & % é FISCHER CO. 3 Makers, ¢ % Chicagoseee °° % weod SSSSOSHHHHHMNLGHHGHHHSHHGHGHHGAASHHHSHGHHGHHMUIGEGWYV GOGO oowvqooq ooo orn
S$
ST a Uh Ne a ie a Ys
ee Ae SE RAE Mh ea SNAP
Gr: Vasa ae
Ungquall6Ed In Quality.
Individual Aromatic Flavor,
Smoking Tobacco.
Compact In Form.
The Klondike Favorite.
ee,
Manufactured By
John E. Tuckett & Son, Freerort, Ill.
HENRY TROEMNER, 710 Market Street,
Manufacturer. PHILADELPHIA.
Established In 1838.
Gold Scales and Weights.
TROEMNER'S SCALES ARE USED EXCLUSIVELY BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT IN ALL
The Mints And Assay Offices,
Price List on Application.
re eT ins ee BEM ppiitions ~The GEO. E. TUCKETT & SON CO., Limited,
Hamilton, Canada.
Manufacturer of the foliowing Celebrated Tobaccos :
T. & B. MYRTLE NAVY SMOKING TOBACCO. T. & B. MAHOGANY CHEWING. T. & B, BLACK CHEWING,
Used almost Exclusively in the Klondike.
0. D. STIMSON, Prest., E. T. STIMSON, Treas., F. 8, STIMSON, Sec'y,
Seattle. Los Angeles, Cal. Seattle.
J. W. DORMAN, Mill Supt. JAS. ROE, Logging Supt.
Incorporated.
Seattle, Wash.
Manafacturers of and Wholesale Dealers in
Washington Fir and Red Cedar Lumber and Shingles,
Capacity of Lumber per day of 10 hours, 150,000 ft. Lath " " 40,000 pcs. " Shingles " a 500,000 pcs,
Unexcelled Facilities For Both Rail And Water Shipments.
Write Us For Prices.
Main Office and Mills: Ballard, Washington.
On Great Northern, Northern Pacific and Canadian Pacific Railways.
Crown Flour
Superior To Alleothers.,—.:3
FEE 8 8 8 U8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 U8 HI IE Ie 8 8 8 Ut U8 U8 U8 U8 U8 U8
Manufactured from the Choicest California Selected Wheat.
FE 8 ee 8 U8 8 Ut U8 U8 8 Ut UE Ut U8
To use
Crown Flour
ihe ee is to USE
STOCKTON.CALIFORNIA THE BEST. San Francisco Office,
California Street. stat uty ut Ut ut Ut ut ut at ut wt ut ut Say shen tea 8 8 TE 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 U8
Stockton Milling Co.,
112 California St.. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
mn
prea err
: bases ae
ned
mania oe xo
S. GREENSAIEUDS. SON G Ce
Montreal.
Men's Furnishings and House Furnishings
Of All Kinds.
J vt Ut Ut
Branch Warehouse At Vancouver, B. C.
The JOHN L. CASSIDY CO. L'td. China, Crockery ano Glassware, sith Romar eat eoacar
OFFICES AND SAMPLE i00OMS:
339 and 341 St. Paul Street, MONTREAL, CANADA,
Best Fire Protection.
MILLER FIRE EXTINGUISHERS: oon... une:
More. extensively in use and Standard epptine with Railroads and Corporations throughout the United State:
GRADE HOSE CARTS,: WAGONS, WARE- 4; HOUSE CARTS,:WALL REELS:AND:.GENERAL.
'FIRE APPLIANCES. MILLER CHEMICAL ENGINE CO. 63 "tast Indiana Street, #39 CHICAGO.
Furs. Furs. Furs.
A.A. ALLEN & C0. Wholesale Fur Manufacturers
HF ee tt
Our facilities for supplying the wants of the Great Northwest in all lines of Furs are unexcelled, We are making large preparations for the year 1899, and respectfully solicit correspondence and inspection from buyers to our large and varied tange of Robes and Fur Garments specially adapted for zero weather, Our Garments
are carefully constructed, strength and durability being prominent features,
, Hf
SEND IN YOUR ORDERS WHICH WILL HAVE OUR BEST CARE AND ATTENTION. ot vt vt vt ut ut ut se
HF Vo
A. A. Allen & Co.,
STETSON & POST MILL CO., Wholesale Manufacturers of Lumber Seattle, Wash. OUR SPECIALTY, G. W. STETsON, Pres't. Car Material and Ship Building Material.
Liisi mAY & CO., MONTREAL
ALA Coe
. — ' X 2 Zz ' ' 'N " : 2 Vine 44 — : j sm SN 5 eee : NPR aes ii ce 2) ; a4 NAD : 1 's Vii. ll ih ' c ma . £ 7 Vd yh yar aR ae, irs z ' ad deeded Pan nis i ' . Qos bel Tits i ere os 7 Fe Ei y NN 2 : i J z) 4 4 bf £ " 7 x
'
Pianos Milline Binvons Silk Blouses Velvets "Departwents: 72 8s' Hats re Silk Dresses Velveteens
Meaitiing Novelties" "Laces be le sols (COV) Flowele orvellings Cioaings a tit rs Woolens ' WHOLESALE IMPORTERS OF Millinery, Dress Trimmings and Fancy Dry Goods
AT Aa
cme Wood as Gold
And Invigorating
Beverage
If you are run down from an attack of Scurvy—Good Beer
ws =fhatit scat: dalidlonttiens RAINIER BEER Fez will give you strength and PANEDREER| FINEST OF ALK 1T I8 A DRINK FOR
SEATTEE BREWING blll OLD AND YOUNG, et SEATTLE WASHINGTON STOR AND WELL.
Miners Outfits... 3
Gold Wash Pans, Rockers, Chemicals, Crucibles, Scales, Weights, Etc.
Also Full Assortment Of
Titine and Mill Supplies, Assayer's Materials, Et. JOHN TAYLOR & CO.,
63 First Street, San Francisco, Cal
Established 1850.
THE GAULT BROTHERS CO. tta. .. MONTREAL...
Wholesale Dry Goods and Manufacturers
The Largest In Canada
Cotton and Staples. Woolen Cloths, all kinds. Blankets and Flannels. Haberdashiery and Smallwares. Linen, Towels and Crashes. Underwear of Wool and Silk. Dress Goods and Silks. Men's Furnishings. Neckwear and Braces. Carpets and Curtains.
We manufacture all our owe SHIRTS AND NECKWEAR Our Motto is...PUSH, TACT AND PRINCIPLE,
We Can Deliver on a Day's Notice, 10, 12, 15 Lb., Gray and Colored Blankets at Mill Prices,
SS a ao aoe aie Sere ese a ee Saas sin ae
Paint
PREPARED PARTICULARLY FOR ALASKA & % # & tt tt
W. P. Futter & Co.
Seattle, Washington.
Manufacturers and Importers of
Our Paints are used by North American Trading & Transportation Co. on their Buildings and Sold by that Company in their Numerous Alaska
Stores.
Ti
In traveling to and from ALASKA, and the YUKON GOLD FIELDS, go via St. Paul and over
Ticket Agents of all the connecting roads will be pleased to sell you tickets over the
The shortest and best line betw. Chicago, St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minneapolis, St. Paul and Omaha,
Principal Offices:
EF' _nsas City—823 Main St, Milwaukee —102 Wisconsin St. ericago —2J2 ae : mm 5 hicag Oa ert e Kinzie Sts, ashington Sts, New York, Freight Dept. 4613 Broadway, Passenger Dept.
JAS. T. CLARK, T. W. TEASDALE, General T; 'affic.Manager, St. Paul. General Passenger Agent, St. Paul.
i,
fs
ee ee
Fai oe eS
Ss Ts
Sa ety ese
aoe
ones
4 ie
om KLONDIKE49
Hip_ Rubber Boots -- For Miners - -
"Crack Proof."
Be Sure The Heel Is Stamped.
"Snag Proof."
Be Sure The Heel Is Stamped.
g Cuts repre- 8 sent Stamps ° 4 on Heels, gs ¢ cf also Knees. ze ol 5
ga ¢ gs tj © Beware of tt 8 Imitations & a @
None Genuine Unless Heels are Stamped.
None Genuine Unless Heels are Stamped.
Union India Rubber Co. Crack Proof Goodyear Rubber Co., Stout's Snag Proof
These Crack Proof Boots are made of the very best and carefully selected Pure Para FKiubber, reinforced with the Pure Rubber
Proof,'' and no other Boot is Genuine.
This Boot is manufactured with a center of Cotton Duck, with Coatings of Rubber so incorporated into the fibre of the Duck by heavy machinery as to make 4 waterproof material that stands the severest test of wear, and renders it NEXT TO IMPOSSIBLE for it to be CUT or TORN from contact with rough or sharp surfaces.
RUBBER AND OIL CLOTHING AND SACKS RUBBER AND OIL BLANKETS RUBBER BOOTS WITH LEATHER SOLES WOOL BOOTS AND SOCKS
High-Cut Overshoes
Goopyear Russer Co.
R. H. PEASE, Vice-President and Manager
San Francisco, Cal.
73 and 75 FIRST STREET PORTLAND, ORE.
CARSON PIRIE ScotTs.Co.
Dry Goods Chicago
We would respectfully recommend our brands of
Plug Tobaccos
SMOKING and ( CHEWING vw w w f ) CUT TOBACCOS ) AND
CIGARETTES ws w
For Che Reason
' That for years we have been shipping same to Alaska, and
t they have given the best of Satisfaction.
The American Tobacco Company of Canada, tta. MONTREAL, CANADA
Gen'! , Passen
When
we YOU,,,, ; 4 ALASKA
Northern
to the coast
oo ewes
Our Through Trains Carry
Pullman "3%... Sleeping Cars
FREE COLONIST SLEEPING Cars AND THROUGH DINING Cars
All classes of travelers can thus be accommodated ili ek
Send 2 ce:ts for our KEY TO Gen'l Agent, 20° South Clark St., Chi Passenger Agent, St. Paul, Minn,
KLONDIKE to F. H. Fogarty, cago, or to Chas. S. Fee, Gen')
Che Puget Sound National Bank
Of Seattle, Washington. CAPITAL, $600,000 SURPLUS, $120,000.
General Banking Business Transacted. ew Correspondence Solicited.
DrreEcTors.—J. Furth, E. 0, Neufelder, Jas. R. Ha alden n, 8. Frauenthal, 8. Schwabacher. OFFICERS.—J. Furth, President; E. C. Neufelder, ice-Pres.; R. V. An keny, Cashier.
Correspondents.
National Bank of the Republic - New York' BankoiCalifornia - _San Bianeinoo Commercial National Bank - Chicago a First Natiocal Bank . - Portland Suffolk National Bank - Boston First National Bank - - - St. Paul
Drafts and Letters of Credit on Canadian Bank of Commerce, Dawson, N. W. T.
Geo. B. CarPeNnTEeR & Co. Ship Phandlet's ana Sail Makers
ti Awnings Cordage and Tackle Blocks me 6 bees
and Covers
202, 204, 206, 208 S. Water Street, + CHICAGO
Wear The Celebrat=D
King Hats Golden Crown Caps
T. & P. Gloves
They Are 'The Best On Earth
Manufactured by
TAYLOR & PARROTTE, Chicago.
Chic
Be Sure Your Stove Bears This
e+* TRADE MARK +++
' USED IN ® SUITABLE EVERY STYLES PART aS Or ithe EVERY WORLD . PE TRO! TS TOV E_woRK? nape LARGEST STOVE PLANTIN THE WORLD
Detroit Stove Works
Chicago, Ill., U. S. A. Detroit, Mich., U. S. A.
Gro. E. President. NEWTON LULL, Vice-President.
Wm. BLACK, Secretary
Geo. ©. Marshalt & Co, MANUFACTURING
Printing, Blank Books, Engraving 144-146 MONROE STREET, TELEPHONES, Bxpress af
Chicago
Wheeling Gorrugating Go.
Wheeling, W. Va.
Protect yourself from the weather by using CORRUGATED SHEET IRON, painted or galvanized, for covering sides and roofs of your buildings. Write to us for prices on all metal building materials. , . +e Warehouses... CHICAGO, ILL.,
ST. LOUIS, MO., 185-187 Lake Street. 115
New York, N. Y.
Kerrx, Bros. 8 Co
Manufacturers and Jobbers
oN Hats, Zaps wey Lap
2 aw Straw Goods?
Gentle : ] The World's Celebrated state that TIGER ene have found CHAMPION HATS rigors of carry it f Are manufactured and sold only by us. tins with makes it ni We also carry a complete line of Territory HEAVY CAPS, GLOVES anp MITTENS Just the Thing : for the Klondike @ find the ae Erie throughout
Correspondence Solicited.
—
INEITH BROS. & Go.
NonmndwenicayTRayseanraTons Trane. Co Qi Cotony Buitoine, C.E.Whitney & Co., CHICAGO, May 6th, 1898,
San Francisco, Cal,
Gentlemen: -
In reply to your esteemed favor of récent date,beg to state that we have used your"Cold Brook Creamery Canned Butter" and have found it par excellent, It has successfully withstood the rigors of the Alaska climate ror the. length of time necessary to carry it from season to season.. It is so conveniently packed in tins with key openers and handles and fire proof bottoms,that it makes it particularly valuable for the Alaska and Notth Western Territory trade,
We have received no complaint,but on the contrary ,we find the demand increasing for it from our various trading posts
throughout Alaska 'ang: the Northwest,
Very truly yours.
North American Transportation & Trading Co.
2Nd Vice Pres.
To Those doing to or Doing We beg to announce that i we have made a special Business in the Klondike study of their requirements, ee ...Having supplied The
Alaska Commercial Company, The Alaska Trading Company, The North American Transportation & Trading Co,, and Many Others of the first-class Morchants in the Yukon,
in such goods ss--CARTRIDGES, RIFLES, CUTLERY, PICK AXES, SHOVELS, NAILS,
peers roots wane GAVERHILL, LEARMONT & (C0
Hardware Lines MONTREAL,
Graham & Moore,
co ENC wnt Diamond Merchants,
ahde
Gold Nuggets Bought...
t
'
986 96.98 8-90 22 SEATTLE, WASH. FRY, BRUHN & CO., ; Pork Packers and Butchers " QW HOLESALE AND RETAIL. , i
Seattle, Wash.
Anheuser Busch Brewing ASsn.,
St. Louis, Mo., U.S. A.
Brewers of High-Grade Beers Exclusively.
Their Famous Brands:
Anheuser-
Original Budweiser. Standard. Black and Pale Lager. aa Export Faust. Pale.
civilized
nations at all points of the Globe.
, Are'the most popular Beers among the c
"Motte i
SOLE AGENTS FOR Alaska and British Northwest Territory.
Incorporate
Importers and Wholesale Dealers in
Gy NLVTISS, Cigars and "Sobacco, \ooden Ware, SEATTLE, WASH.
Alaska Trade A Specialty.
The PAID-UP
Canadian $0 ain
Head Office - - Toronto
of HON. GEO. A. COX, ROBERT KILGOUR PRESIDENT. VICE-PRESIDENT.
Commerce vrs.
YUKON DISTRICT (KLONDIKE) ATLIN DISTRICT The Bank has fully equipped branches at DAWSON CITY; SKAGUAY, Alaska; and ATLIN, B.C,
Banking Agents for the Canadian Government in the Yukon District.
Drafts And Letters Of Credit
payable at these points may be obtained on application to the Bank's ranches and correspondents.
Branches In Canada,
Ontario:
Ayr. Chatham. Goderich. Rats, Sault SteMarie. Toronto Junc Barrie. Collingwood. Guelph. Parkhill. Seaforth. Walkerton. Belleville. Dresden. Hamilton. Peterboro. Sim coe Walkerville.
Berlin. Dundas. London. Port Perry. Stratford. Waterloo. Blenheim. Dunnville. Orangeville. St. Catharines, Strathroy. Windsor. Brantford. Galt. Ottawa. Sarnia. Toronto. Woodstock. Cayuga. QUEBEC: MANITOBA: BRITISH naanager' 1 YUKON DISTRICT:
Montreal. Winnipeg. Cranbrook. enwood. Dawson City, Fernie. Atlin City. Vasconee
AGENCIES IN THE UNITED STATES, NEW YORK. NEW ORLEANS. SKAGUAY, ALASKA.
CORRESPONDENTS IN THE UNITED STATES, CHICAGO—The Northwestern National Bank, POR TERANCISCO: The Bank of British Columbia.
SEATTLE—Puget Sound National Bank. SPOKANE— Exchange National Bank. TACOMA—London and San Francisco Bank (Limited).