Barbour and Upshur counties and western portion of Randolph county
In addition to the valuable paper by Dr. Price, the Paleontologist of the Survey, given in Part IV, the State Geologist has added to this volume an
Overview
Barbour and Upshur counties and western portion of Randolph county is a 1918 historical mining reference by West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, preserved in the Mountain Man Mining research library, focused on coal West Virginia geology. In addition to the valuable paper by Dr. Price, the Paleontologist of the Survey, given in Part IV, the State Geologist has added to this volume an...
This 1918 document, Barbour and Upshur counties and western portion of Randolph county, is preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library for research and reference. Original source: archive.org.
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iiCIENCE LIU. / It
r
West Virginia
Geological Survey
Barbour and Upshur Counties
and Western Portion of
Randolph County
By
DAVID B. REGER, Assistant Geologist
Assisted by
D. D. TEETS, Jr., Field Assistant
with
INTRODUCTION by
I. C. WHITE, on Deep Welt BorlnKS and
C. B. VAN ORSTRAND on Deep Well Temperaturea.
Wheeling News Litho. Co.
Wheeling, W Va
Geological Survey Commission.
JOHN J. CORNWELL President
Governor Of West Virginia.
W. S. JOHNSON Vice-President
Treasurer Of West Virginia.
FRANK B. TROTTER Secretary
President, West Virginia University.
J. L. COULTER Executive OfUcet
Director. State Agricultural Experiment Station.
State Board Of Control.
E. B. STEPHENSON. President
J. M. WILLIAMSON Auditor and Treasurer
JAMES S. LAKIN Purchasing Agent
#
Scientific Staff.
I. C. WHITE State Geologist
Superintendent Of The Survey.
m
RAY V. HENNEN Assistant Geologist
DAVID B. REGER Assistant Geologist
W. ARMSTRONG PRICE Paleontologist
D. D. TEETS, JR. (to Sept. 15, 1916) Field Assistant
BERT H. HITE Chief Chemist
JAN B. KRAK Assistant Chemist
J. LEWIS WILLIAMS Chief Clerk
RIETZ C. TUCKER Engineer and Stenographer
Letter Of Transmittal.
To His Excellency, Hon, John /. Cornwell, Governor of West
Virginia, and President of the State Geological Survey Com
mission: Sir:
I have the honor to transmit herewith the Detailed Report and Topographic and Geologic Maps, each in two sheets, covering the Counties of Barbour, Upshur, and the adjoining portion of Randolph west from Big Laurel and Rich Mountains. This western portion of Randolph contains the principal coal area* of that county and as its coal beds are continuous with those of Barbour and Upshur, it was concluded to include the description of the same with the Report on the latter counties rather than await the publication of the separate Report on Randolph County which might be delayed for several years.
The Survey was fortunate in being able to entrust the preparation of this Report to two of its employees who, born in Upshur and grown to manhood therein, were naturally quite familiar with much of this area from early boyhood. How well David B. Reger, Assistant Geologist, in charge of the work, and his Aid, D. D. Teets, Jr., have performed their cil lotted task, this large and instructive volume and its accompanying maps replete with detailed information on the minerals and other natural resources of the areas described bear eloquent testimony.
In addition to the valuable paper by Dr. Price, the Paleontologist of the Survey, given in Part IV, the State Geologist has added to this volume an Introductory article on the results of Deep Well Drilling not only in West Virginia but also in the adjoining States of Ohio and Pennsylvania. Through the courtesy of John G. Pew, President of the Peoples Natural Gas Company, and of John B. Corrin, Vice-President of the Hope Natural Gas Company, the writer is able to present in this Introduction the detailed record of
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. Vll
the deepest boring ever yet made in the worid's history ; viz. that on the Martha O. Goff farm, 8 miles northeast from Clarksburg, Harrison County, West Virginia, as also the record of the next deepest well in America and the third deepest in the world, (the one drilled by the German Government at Czuchow in Silesia to a depth of 7349 feet ranking second) ; viz, that on the R. A. Geary farm near McDonald, Washington County, Pennsylvania, as also the records of several other deep oil and gas wells drilled in West Virginia, since the forms for the main volume were closed. The Survey is also under many obligations to Dr. Geo. Otis Smith, Director of the U. S. Geological Survey, and to Dr. David White, Chief Geologist of the same, for their courteous cooperation in sending Mr. C. E. Van Orstrand, the expert Physical Geologist of the U. S. Geological Survey, to make a series of earth temperature determinations in these deep borings through the cheerful cooperation of the two gas companies mentioned. This series of earth temperatures made at depths never before penetrated, and with greater care and accuracy than ever heretofore attained, forming a splendid contribution to pure science, is added to this Introductory paper through the courtesy of the U. S. Geological Survey authorities, and Mr. C. E. Van Orstrand whose patient and skillful work is modestly described by him in the splendid paper added hereto. Mr. Van Orstrand also describes and illustrates for the first time <f. new mechanical device for rapidly and accurately measuring the depth of deep drill holes, thus effecting a great saving in valuable time of the entire drilling crews.
Not the least interesting of the scientific results obtained from the deep well on the M. O. Goff land is the finding of fossil marine animal life buried under nearly a mile and a half of sedimentary strata as described in the communication from Charles Butts, Geologist of the U. S. Geological Survey, in his letter to the State Geologist under date of April 22nd, 1918, and quoted in the Introduction. These identifications demonstrate anew the order and harmony of the history of life upon the earth even when the muddy sediments in which
Vlll LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
these once living organisms were entombed are so deeply
buried from ordinary inspection.
The Soil Survey of Barbour and Upshur Counties was
completed during the field season of 1917 through cooperation
with the U. S. Bureau of Soils, and the Soil Report and Soil
Maps of this area will be published in the near future. The
West Virginia Geological Survey will purchase an edition of
2500 copies direct from the Public Printer at only a slight
advance above the cost of paper and printing, and distribute
them to all who receive this volume.
I. C White,
State Geologist, Morgantown, W. Va.,
July 1, 1918.
Contents.
Page. Members of Geological Survey Commission and State Board of
Control lii
' Members of Scientific Staff v
Lietter of Transmittal vl-viil
Table of Contents ix-xv
Illustrations xvi-xx
Author's Preface xxi-xxlv
Introduction xxv-cili
Errata civ
Part I— History And Physiooraphy.
Chapter I. — Historical and Industrial Development 1-27
Location 1-27
Transportation 2-9
Water Ways 2
Steam Railroads 2-7
Electric Railroads 7
Highways 7-9
I General Description, Barbour County 9-15
Miscellaneous Items 9-12
Towns and Industries 13-15
General Description, Upshur County 16-24
Miscellaneous Items 16-18
Towns and Industries 19-24
General Description. Western Portion of Randolph County 25-27
Miscellaneous Items 25-26
Towns 26-27
Chapter II — Physiography 28-63
Physiographic Changes 28-32
Drainage Basins 32-62
Table of Stream Data 33-34
Areas for Drainage Basins 35
Description of Drainage Basins 36-62
Topographic Features 62-63
Part Ii.— Stratigraphy.
Chapter III.— Structure 64-78
Descriptions of Terms 64
Method of Representing Structure 64-69
Detailed Structure 70-78
General Features 70-71
Syncllnes 74-77
TTnconformltles and Faults 77-78
Chapter iV* — Stratigraphy— General Sections 79-187
Introduction 79-80
Barbour County Sections 81-116
X Contents.
Page.
Pleasant District 81-84
Elk District 84-91
Union District 91-96
Philippi District 95-100
Cove District 100-106
Glade District 107-109
Barker District 109-113
Valley District 113-116
Upshur County Sections 116-160
Warren District 116-125
Buckhannon District 125-129
Union District 129-182
Meade District 132-138
Washinrton District 138-146
Banks District 146-160
Sections in Western Portion of Randolph County 160-182
Leadsville District 160-164
Roaring Creek District 164-168
Middle Fork District 168-181
Mingo District 181-182
Summary 182-187
Chapter V. — Stra'g'-nhy — The Monongahela Series 188-206
General Description and Section 188-190
Description of Members 190-200
WaynesbuT Coal 190
Gilboy Sandstone 190-191
Unlontown Sandstone 191
Annabelle Sh&le 191
Uniontown Coal 192
Uniontown Limestone 192
Amoldsburg Sandstone 192-193
Lower Uniontown Coal 193
Fulton Green Shale 193
Benwood Limestone 193-194
Upper Sewlckley Sandstone 194
Sewlckley Coal 194-196
Lower Sewlckley Sandstone 196
Sewlckley Limestone 195-196
CedarvlUe Sandstone 196-197
Redstone Coal 197
Weston Sandstone 197
Redstone Limestone 197-199
Pittsburgh Coal 200
t
Chapter VI. — Stratigraphy — The Conemaugh Series 201-240
General Description and Section 201-203
Description of Members 203-240
Lower Pittsburgh Sandstone 203-204
Little Pittsburgh Coal 204
Connellsville Sandstone 206
Little Clarksburg Coal 205-209
Clarksburg Fire Clay Shale 209-210
Clarksburg Limestone 210-212
Lower Connellsville Sandstone 212-213
Normantown Coal 213
Contents. Xi
Page.
Clarksburg Red Shale 214
Morgantown Sandstone 216
Orlando Limestone 215-217
Elk yck Coal 217
Elk Lick Limestone 217-218
West MUford Coal 218
Birmingham Shale 218-219
Grafton Sandstone 219-221
Ames Limestone and Shale 221
Harlem Coal 222-225
Jane Lew Sandstone 226
Pittsburgh Red Shale 227
Saltsburg Sandstone 227-229
Bakerstown Coal 229
Pine Creek Limestone 280
Buffalo Sandstone 230-232
Brush Creek Limestone and Shale 232-233
Brush Creek Coal 233-237
Mahoning Sandstone Stage 238-240
Mahoning Sandstones 238-239
Mahoning Coal 239
Thornton Fire Clay 239-240
Ufflngton Shale 240
Chapter VII. — Stratigraphy — The Allegheny Series 241-262
General Description and Section 241-242
Description of Members 242-262
Upper Freeport Coal 242-243
Bolivar Fire Clay 243
Upper Freeport Limestone 243-244
Upper Freeport Sandstone 244-245
Lower FYeeport Coal 245-248
Lower Freeport Limestone 248-249
Lower Freeport Sandstone 249-251
Upper Kittanning Coal 261
Upper Kittanning Fire Clay 252-253
Johnstown Cement Limestone 253-255
Hardman Fire Clay 265
East Lynn Sandstone 255-260
Middle Kittanning Coal 260
Lower Kittanning Coal 261
Lower KitUnning Fire Clay 261
Clahon Sandstone 262
Clarion Coal 262
Chapter VIII.— Stratigraphy— The Pottsville Series 263-293
The Kanawha Group 263-284
General Description and Section 263-266
Description of Members, Kanawha Group 267-284
Homewood Sandstone ' 267-269
Upper Mercer Coal 269
Kanawha Black Flint 270-271
Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone 271-273
Quakertown "Rider" Coal 273
Quakertown Black Slate 273-274
Quakertown (Coalburg? or Winifrede?) Coal 274
Xu Contents.
Page.
Lower ConnoQuenessing (Lower Winifrede) Sandstone 274-275
Chilton Coal 275
Upper Cedar Grove Sandstone ', . 275
Cedar Grove Coal 276
Lower Cedar Grove Sandstone 276
Alina Coal 276-277
Monitor Sandstone 278
Brownstown Sandstone 279
Eagle Sandstone 280
Newlon Limestone and Shale . . 281-282
Eagle Coal 282
Decota Sandstone 282
Eagle Limestone and Shale 283
Upper Gilbert Sandstone 283
Gilbert Coal 283-284
General Description, The New River Group 284
Description of Members, New River Group 284-293
Nuttall Sandstone 284-285
Lower Nuttall Sandstone 285
Hughes Ferry Coal 285
Middle larger Sandstone 286
Lower larger Coal 286
Harvey 286
Castle Coal 287
Guyandot Sandstone 287
Sewell "B" CJoal 287-288
Lower Guyandot Sandstone 288
Hartridge Black Shale 288-290
Sewell Coal 290-291
Welch Sandstone 291
Welch Coal 291-292
Chapter IX. — Stratigraphy — The Missistippian and Devonian
Rocks 294-299
The Mississippian Period 294-298
Mauch Chunk Series 294-295
Greenbrier Limestone 296-297
Pocono Sandstone Series 297-298
The Devonian Beds 298-299
Catsklll Series 298-299
Chemung Series 299
Part Iii.— Mineral Resources.
Chapter X- — Petroleum and Natural Gas 300-389
Table of Oil and Gas Sand Intervals 304
Description of Sands 305-311
Sands of the Pottsville Series 305-306
Sands of the Mauch Chunk Series 306
Sands of the Greenbrier Limestone Series 306
Sands of the Pocono Sandstone Series 307
Sands of the Catskill Beds 308-309
Contents. Xiu
Page.
Sahds of the Chemung and Portage Beds 309-310
Sands of the Lower Deyonlan 310-311
Well Records and Prospective Areas, Barbour County 311-338
Early History 311-312
Snmmarized Well Records 312-316
Detailed Well Records and Prospective Areas:
Pleasant District '. 316-321
Elk District 321-826
Union District 326-328
Philippi District 328-329
Cove District 330-336
Glade District 337
Barker District 337-338
Valley District 338
Well Records and Prospective Areas, Upshur County 338-383
EJarly History 338
Summarized Well Records 339-342
Detailed Well Records and Prospective Areas:
Warren District 342-345
Buckhannon District 346-360
Union District 360-362
Meade District 362-366
Washington District 366-368
Banks District 368-383
Well Records and Prospective Areas, Western Portion of
Randolph County 384-389
Early History 384
Summarized Records 384-385
Detailed Well Records and Prospective Areas:
Lieadsville- District 386
Roaring Creek District 386
Middle Fork District 386-388
Huttonsville District 388
Mingo District 388
Beverly District 389
New Interest District 389
Chapter XI— Coal 390-745
Statistics of Coal Production llz
Diagram Showing Relative Position of Coal Seams 395
Records of Coal Test Borings, Barbour County Ulill
Summarized Records 396-398
Detailed Coal Test Records:
Pleasant District 399
Union District ??M2?
Philippi District 1??ixl
Cove District - .?1";S5
Glade District .?!i;5
Barker District 7.vlo
Valley District
Reeords of Coal Test Borings, Upshur County lllzll
Summarized Records 413-414
Detailed Coal Test Records:
Buckhannon District 415-417
Xiv Contents.
Union District 417
Meade District 417-419
Washington District 419
Banks District 419
Records of Coal Test Borings, Western Portion of Randolph County 420-442
Summarized Records 420-421
Detailed Coal Test Records:
LeadsviUe District 420-424
Roaring Creek District 424-429
Middle Fork District 430-442
Huttonsville and Mingo Districts 442
Minable Coals of the Monongahela Series 442-478
Redstone Coal 442-468
Pittsburgh Coal 459-478
Minable Coals of the Conemaugh Series 478-602
Elk Lick Coal 478-490
Bakerstown Coal 490-602
Minable Coals of the Allegheny Series 503-649
Upper Freeport Coal 503-629
Upper Kittanning Coal 530-550
Middle and Lower Kittanning Coals 551-640
Clarion Coal 640-649
Minable Coals of the Pottsville Series, Kanawha Group.. 649-702
Upper Mercer Coal 649-661
Quakertown (Coalburg? or Winlfrede?) Coal 669-674
Eagle Coal 691-698
Gilbert Coal 698-702
Minable Coals of the Pottsville Series, New River Group. . 702-736
Hughes Perry Coal 702-707
Castle Coal 707-711
Sewell Coal 712-735
Welch Coal 736
Summary of Available Coal 736-737
Minable Coals by Magisterial Districts 737
Table of Coal Analyses 738-745
Chapter XII.— Road Materials 746-752
Stratified Shales Suitable for Paving Brick Manufacture. . 746-747
Sandstones Available for Masonry and Macadam 747-749
Limestone for Macadam 749
Concrete Materials 750-751
Chemical Tests of Road Materials 751-752
Chapter XIII. — Clay, Building Stone, Glass-Sand, Iron Ore,
Water-Power, Mineral Waters, and Forests 753-776
Clays and Clay Industry 753-759
Present Development 763-756
Brick Plants 753-766
Available Clay 756-759
Transported Clay 756
Residual Clay 756
Stratified Shales 756-757
Fire Clay 757-759
Contents. Xv
Building Stone 760-761
Quarries 760
Available Stone 760-761
Glass-Sand 761-763
Quarries 761-762
Available Sand 762-763
Iron Ore 763-764
Old Furnaces 763
Possible Ore-Bodies 763-764
Water-Power 764-765
Available Streams 764-765
Indicated Horse-Power Developed by Tygart Valley River and Tributary Streams 765
Mineral Waters 766
Forests 766-776
Barbour County 766-769
Original Forest Conditions 766-767
The Lumber Industry 767
The Present Forest Conditions 767
Areas Suitable for Reforestation 768
Forest Protection Service 768
Lumber Mills 768-769
Upshur County 769-773
Original Forest Conditions 769
The Lumber Industry 769-771
p Present Forest Conditions 771-772
Areas Suitable for Reforestation 772
Lack of Forest Protection 772
Lumber Mills 772-773
Randolph County. . : 773-776
The Lumber Industry 773-775
Present Forest Conditions 775-776
Areas Suitable for Reforestation 776
Forest Protection Service 776
Lumber Mills in Western Portion 776
PART rv— PALEONTOLOGY.
Chapter XIV. — Notes on the Paleontology of Area — Invertebrate Fossils frbm the Conemaugh and Pottsville
Series 777-805
Faunal Horizons 779-781
' The Faunas 782-790
Range and Distribution of Fossils 787-788
Register of Localities 789-790
Description of Species 790-803
Description of Plate XLIV 804
Index to Fossils 805
Appendix— Levels Above Mean Tide 806-821
U. S. Geological Survey Levels 809-821
Index 822-867
Illustrations.
Mapt I, II, III, and IV in Atlas (Under Separate Cover).
Map I. — Showing Topography of Barbour County.
Map II. — Showing General and Economic Geology and Structure Contours of Barbour County.
Map III. — Showing Topography of Upshur County and the Western Portion of Randolph County.
Map rv. — Showing General and Economic Geology and Structure Contours of Upshur County and the Western Portion of Randolph County.
Platea. Facing
No. . Page.
I. — Looking up Tygart Valley River from point 0.9 mile west of Harding, Randolph County, showing great boulders from Homewood and Upper Connoquenesslng Sandstone cliffs; topography of the Allegheny and Pottsville Series Frontispiece
II. — Mining plant of Century Coal Company at Century, Barbour County (No. 11 on Map II), miners' houses, and topography of the Monongahela Series in background 16
in — Pittsburgh Coal seam at Winford Knight Erm Mine (Noll2 on Map II), one mile northeast of Pepper, Barbour County; total thickness of coal, 8' 1" 32
IV. — Redstone Ldmestone on Winford Knight farm, one mile east of Pepper, Barbour County; two-foot rule indicates approximate thickness 56
V. — View of Bear Knob on Hackers Creek, Upshur County, capped by the Dunkard Series; the Monongahela occupies the steep slopes Just below down to the level of the broad terraces at right and left, the Conemaugh coming below this shelf 80
VI. — Red Rock Fuel Company Mine (No. 67 on Map IV), at Red Rock, Upshur County; Topography of the Monongahela Series 96
VII.— J. C. Benson No. 3612 Deep Well (No. 10 on Map 11), at Overfleld, Barbour County; Topography of the Conemaugh Series, capped by the Monongahela 112
VIII. — Model farm of W. D. Zinn, just west of Philippl, Barbour Couilty, showing piles of limestone fertilizer; Topography of the Conemaugh Series 128
IX. — Ames Shale and Harlem Coal in public road 0.7 mile north of Volga, Barbour County; One-foot rule at base of picture shows approximate thickness of coal . . .' 144
X. — View of Philippi, looking west, showing Tygart Valley River at left and Broaddus College buildings on hill in right background ; Topography of the Conemaugh Series 160
XI. — View at Meadowville looking north and showing low hills made by the soft shales of the Upper Conemaugh Series along the axis of the Belington Syncline 176
XII. — View looking north from hill 0.9 mile south of Meadowville, Barbour County, showing low rounded hills made by soft Conemaugh shales; village of Meadowville occupies central background 192
ILLUSTRATIONS. XVli
F&cing
Page.
XIII.— View of Belington, Barbour County, looking north; Ridge in background is capped by the hard ConnellsYlUe Sandstone, making broad flat on top; Topography of the Conemaugh Series 208
XlV. — Mahoning Sandstone cliff, 1.2 miles east of Audra, Barbour County, showing typical weathering 224
XV.— View of Buckhannon looking west, with Buckhannon River iii foreground, Wesleyan College at left, and Flaccus tannery in center; Topography of Conemaugh Series 248
XVI. — View of South Buckhannon, looking south and showing broad flood-plain of the Buckhannon River; Topography of the Conemaugh Series 272
XVn. — Saltsburg Sandstone outcropping one mile southeast of Roger, Upshur County, mostly covered with vegetable mosses and other fungus growths 288
XVIII. — Brush Creek Shale and Brush Creek Coal on Whites Camp, near Rock Cave, Upshur County. The coal, about one foot thick, is below the hammer and the shale is above it. The large block of shale at the left contains marine fossils in profusion 312
XIX. — Upper Klttanning Coal and Johnstown Cement Limestone along B. & O. R. R. Just north of Meriden, Barbour County. The coal is visible at the right of the man at the upper left comer and the limestone at the end of the arrow point in the opposite comer. Heavy ledge between is sandstone 336
XX. — Mining plant of Lee J. Sandridge Coal Company (Nos. 486 J and 574 on Map II), at Meriden, Barbour County. Opening
in shrubbery at left is Upper Kittanning and at right is Lower Klttanning Coal; Topography of Conemaugh and Allegheny Series 362
XXI. — Davis Colliery Company No. 1 Mine (Nos. 807 and 808 on Map IV), at Coalton, Randolph County, looking toward south opening 368
XXII. — Middle and Lower Kittanning Coal at Davis Colliery Company No. 1 Mine (Nos. 807 and 808 on Map IV), at Coalton. Point of hammer is inserted at top of coal 400
XXIII. — View at west portal of Sand Run Tunnel on Coal & Coke Railway, showing East Lynn Sandstone quarry (at top). Middle Klttanning Coal (just above tunnel roof), and Lower Kittanning Coal (center of tunnel) 416
XXrv. — View on Sand Run, just southwest of Overhill, Upshur County, showing Mahoning Sandstone at top and entire Allegheny Series below, the Lower Kittanning being opened at y left 432
XXV. — Upper Freeport Sandstone cliff at Adrian, Upshur County; Topography of Conemaugh and Allegheny Series 448
XXVI. — View at BYench Creek, Upshur County, looking north, and
showing characteristic topography of the Allegheny Series . . . 464
XXVII. — East Lynn Sandstone cliff at "Split Rock" % mile west
of Ours Mill, Upshur County 480
XXVin. — East Lynn Sandstone at Imperial Sand Company quarry Imperial, Upshur County; used for glass-sand 496
XXIX. — View at Imperial, Upshur County, looking east across Buckhannon River, showing boulders weathered from East Lynn and Homewood Sandstones; Imperial Sand Company plant in foreground 512
XVUl ILLUSTRATIONS.
Facing
No. Page.
XXX. — Lower Kittanning Coal at Roscoe King Farm Mine (No. 718 on Map IV), on Tenmile Creek, 1.6 miles east of Tenmile Station. Point of pick is at top of coal 528
XXXI. — East Lynn Sandstone (upper cliff), Lower Kittanning Coal (left of center), and Homewood Sandstone (lower cliff), on Tenmile Creek, 1.5 miles east of Tenmile Station, Upshur County; Topography of Allegheny and Pottsville Series 644
XXXII. — Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone at falls of Tygart Valley River, 1.2 miles southwest of Moatsville, Barbour County; Topography of Conemaugh, Allegheny, and Pottsyille Series. . 660
XXXIII. — Falls over Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone along Middle Fork River at Audra, Barbour County; Topography of Pottsville Series 676
XXXIV. — View from high point just southwest of Belington, Barbour County, looking northeast and showing escarpment of Laurel Ridge (Pottsville Topography) in background, and smooth land made by soft Conemaugh shales in foreground. . . 592
XXXV. — Homewood Sandstone (above) and Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone (below) outcropping along Tygart Valley River in Randolph County just southeast of Laurel Station: Topography of Pottsville Series 608
XXXVI. — Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone cliff, with large boulder split off; along Tygart Valley River one mile northwest of Harding, Randolph County 624
XXXVII. — "Balancing Rock," a remnant of the Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone at mouth of Roaring Creek, mile southeast of Roaring Creek Junction, Randolph County; Tygart Valley River in foreground 640
XXXVIII. — Characteristic topography of the Pottsville Series, looking north from Cassity, on Middle Fork River, Randolph County 656
XXXIX. — Looking north down Lost Run from point in county road, 1.7 miles west of Cassity, Randolph County, showing topography of Pottsville Series 672
XL. — View looking northwest from Alexander, Upshur County, showing Pottsville topography with Homewood Sandstone at top of hill; Buckhannon River in foreground 688
XLI. — Homewood Sandstone on Tenmile Creek, Upshur County, showing cross-bedding and characteristic fracture 720
XLII. — Falls of Little Kanawha River over Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone ledge at Arlington, Upshur County 736
XLin. — Detail of Saltsburg Sandstone used in construction of Stuart Duncan residence. Newport, R. I., built of Saltsburg Sandstone from Kingwood (Preston County) Quarry. (Courtesy of John Russell Pope, Architect, New York) 760
XLIV. — Conemaugh and Pottsville Fossils 804
XLV.—Deepest Well in the World, Martha O. Goff, No. 4190. of the Hope Natural Gas Company, 8 miles northeast of Clarksburg. Harrison County, W. Va.. and the men who drilled It; namely, (from left to right) : James B. Wells, Tool dresser; ; Charles Welch. Foreman; F. C- Davis. Tool dresser; A. L. Rawlins, Driller; E, C. Brummage, Driller; and John H. Williams, Superintendent Ivi
XLVI.— Bull wheel and cable at Goff well Iviii
XLVII.— Walking beam at Goff well Iviil
Illustrations. Xix
Facing
No. Page.
XLiVIII. — Metal frames and containers for maximum thermometers Ixvlii
IL. — Apparatus for measurement of depth of deep wells by means of the sand line ha
L. — (a) Mercury and electric resistance themometers attached
to the same line (b). Thermometers for use In tin tube (c) Izx
LI. — Reel for electric cable Ixxil
LII. — Depth recording device for use with piano wire or electric
cable Ixxii
LIII. — Apparatus for use with electric resistance thermometer. . Izxiv
Figures. No. Page.
1. Showing Progress of Topographic and Geologic Mapping in
West Virginia xxii
2. Showing location of Barbour, Upshur and Western Portion
of Randolph Area zxil
3. Diagram Showing Relative Position of Goal Seams 396
4. Showing Minable Redstone Goal 448
5- Showing Minable Pittsburgh Goal 460
6. Showing Minable Elk Lick Goal 479
7. Showing Minable Bakerstown Goal 491
8. Showing Minable Upper Freeport Goal 504
9. Showing Minable Upper Kittanning Goal 631
10- Showing Minable Middle and Lower Kittanning Goals 662
11. Showing Minable Glarion Goal 641
12. Showing Minable Upper Mercer Goal 650
13. Showing Minable Lower Mercer Goal 663
14. Showing Minable Quakertown Goal 671
16. Showing Minable Gampbell Greek (No. 2 Gas) Goal 676
16. Showing Minable Eagle Goal 692
17. Showing Minable Gilbert Goal 699
18. Showing Minable Hughes Ferry Goal 703
19. Showing Minable Gastle Goal 708
20. Showing Minable Sewell Goal 713
21. Showing Progress of Studies of Invertebrate Fossils 778
22. Showing Detail of Surface of Naiadltes elongata, enlarged approximately
250 diameters. From Quakertown Shale, Randolph Gounty, Locality 170 794
23. Map showing Location of Martha O. GofP No. 4190 Well. ..Ivi-lvii
24. Outline Map Showing Location of Wells and Gontours showing
approximate thickness of Upper Devonian (Base of Berea Sand to Top of Gorniferous Limestone) Ix-lxi
25. Table showing distance (in miles) between wells and rate of
increase (+) and decrease ( — ) in thickness of Upper Devonian (base of Berea Sand to top of Gorniferous Limestone) in feet per mile Ixil
26. Map showing location of J. R. Blackshlre No. 14, G. B. Morgan
No. 6, E. D. Ice No. 2, G. D. Morgan No. 7, and E. T. Price No. 9 Wells (Portion of Mannington Quadrangle) . . Ixxxv
27. Depth Temperature Gurves, J. R. Blackshlre No. 14, G. H.
Hibbs No. 4, E. D. Ice No. 2, and G. B. Morgan No. 6 Wells Ixxxvi
28. Map showing location of C. H. Hibbs No. 4 Well (Portion of
29. Depth Temperature Gurve, C. D. Morgan No. 7 Well xci
Xx Illustrations.
No. Page.
30. Depth Temperature Curve, E. T. Price No. 9 Well xcljl
31. Map showing location of R. A. Geary No. 770 Well (Portion
32. Depth Temperature Curve, R. A. Geary No. 770 Well xciv
38. Map showing location of E. No. 4291 Well (Portion
34. Map showing location of Bennett Heirs No. 4262 Well (Por-
35. Depth Temperature Curves, E. Robinson No. 4291 and Ben-nett
Heirs No. 4262 Wells xcviii
36. Map showing location of Volcanic Oil and Coal Company No.
4670 Well (Portion of Marietta Quadrangle) ic
37. Map showing location of Baxter Poling Heirs No. 4623 Well
(Portion of Arnoldsburg Quadrangle) c
38. Depth Temperature Curves, Volcanic Oil and Coal Company
No. 4670 and Baxter Poling Heirs No. 4623 Wells c
89. Map showing location of J. H. Lake (Jacob Rogers) No. 4304
Well Portion of Fairmont Quadrangle) ci
40. Depth Temperature Curves, J. H. Lake (Jacob Rogers) No.
4304 and Martha O- Gofl No. 4190 Wells cii
Author'S Preface.
This book contains a short historical and industrial sketch, a chapter on Physiography, seven chapters on Stratigraphy, four chapters on Mineral Resources, and a chapter on Paleontology, and an Introductory article by the State Geologist on Deep Well Records, including an article by C. E. Van Orstrand, Physical Geologist, of the U. S. Geological Survey on "Apparatus for the Measurement of Temperatures in Deep Wells, and Temperature Determinations in Some Deep Wells iq Pennsylvania and West Virginia".
In order to describe the several coals and the oil and gas sands in their proper stratigraphic sequence, it was necessary *to make an exhaustive study of the entire rock system, both surface and underground, as far as possible, the results of which are embodied in the text in the form of geologic sections and detailed descriptions. This matter may not be of interest to the casual reader but its value to professional men conducting future coal, oil, and gas operations in the three counties can not be questioned. In each geologic section, certain physical facts, including thicknesses, intervals, colors, and general characters of rock strata and coals are presented just as obtained by careful research in the field, which subsequent investigation can not change. These facts are followed by the author's interpretation or correlation, based in some cases on opinion where certain essential facts are lacking, and some of these will doubtless require revision after the more detailed researches of future workers in particular localities. On all such points the author will welcome kindly criticism and suggestions as the aim has been to gve all facts available and to draw conclusions based on present knowledge, v/hich in many places is incomplete owing to the lack of bore holes and other data.
Four maps accompany the Report in a separate atlas. Maps I and II show the topography and geology, respectively, of Barbour County, and Maps III and IV show the same features for Upshur and the portion of Randolph studied.
J
Outune Map
Nacst Virginia
V
Figure 1. — Showing Progress of Topographic and Geologic Mapping in West Virginia.
:
L I V I A I N 'I A
*tr
Outtjne Map West Virginia
&Howimo
J I L
If a- -ff'
Figure 2. — Showing Location of Barbour, Upshur, and Western Portion of Randolph Area-author
's preface. xxiii
The geologic maps give not only the outcrops of the various series and minable coals but also show by number the exact location of all tests for oil and gas, coal test borings, and coal openings 1 to 1088, inclusive, numbered and described in the text. Besides these separate maps 22 figures appear in the text, and 18 in the introductory matter, of which Nos. 4 to
' 20, inclusive, are intended to show at a glance where the
several coal seams are of minable thickness and purity. Since these coals are too thin or impure to be minable in certain regions, it has been necessary to show approximate lines of disappearance, in referring to which it must be remembered that there are probably small areas of good coal on the barren side and corresponding areas where the coal is worthless on the side where coal is shown. In some instances where the coals are known to be patchy over a considerable area, 'this feature is shown by breaks in the line shading. Wherever possible, detailed information should be secured from openings
I or borings published in the text.
f The author, in company with Field Assistant D. D. Teets,
Jr., spent the field season of 1915 making the necessary researches for this volume, being wholly responsible for the data contained in Parts I, IT, and III. The original assignment included only Barbour and Upshur Counties, and great care was taken to make the investigations as complete as possible. The fact that Upshur is the native county of both Mr. Teets and the writer was of decided advantage not only because much previous knowledge of both counties was already available but also because numerous relatives and personal friends responded most heartily to all requests for information and local guidance. To all of these special acknowledgment is made both personally and in the name of the State whose interest was served.
Field work in the western portion of Randolph, which includes one of the most mountainous and sparsely settled regions of the State, was begun late in the fall of 1915 and an attempt was made to finish it the same season, but after the snow had reached a depth of nearly two feet, causing much personal hardship as well as obscuring most of the outcrops.
xxiv author's preface.
work was finally abandoned for the winter and was concluded in the early spring of 1916. Owing to the conditions above, many details doubtless escaped attention that would otherwise have been noted, but fortunately the Campbell Creek (No. -2 Gas) and Sewell Coals could be followed with sufficient ease to trace the structure with certainty.
Mr. Teets, whose connection with the Survey ended early in the summer of 1916 on account of lack of State funds, assisted not only in the field work but also did most of the drafting and a considerable portion of the clerical work of the Report, all of which was performed in his usual careful and efficient manner.
Part IV, treating of the Paleontology, is the work of Dr. Wm. Armstrong Price, Paleontologist, most of the collections having been made by Mr. Teets and the writer while engaged in the general field work.
The chemical analyses and calorific tests, except a few taken from former Reports of the Survey, and a few others secured from private laboratories, were made by J. B. Krak and Wm. Lloyd Linton, Assistant Chemists, working under the direction and with the assistance of B. H. Hite, Chief Chemist.
Special acknowledgment is here made of the hearty manlier in which many oil, gas, and coal companies and independent operators cooperated in furnishing valuable well records, secured at private expense, without the inclusion of which this volume would be incomplete. Credit for all such material furnished is given in the text.
Finally, the author expresses his obligation to Dr. I. C. White, State Geologist, whose constant supervision and valuable suggestions have added greatly to the value of this Report, and to R. C. Tucker of the Survey Staff for valuable clerical assistance in the preparation of the maps, figures, and manuscript, as also for reading and correcting the proof of this volume, and preparing the Appendix and Index.
DAVID B. REGER. Morgantown, W. Va., May 19, 1917.
Introduction.
DISCUSSION OF THE RECORDS OF SOME VERY DEEP WELLS IN THE APPALACHIAN OIL FIELDS OF PENNSYLVANIA, OHIO, AND WEST VIRGINIA,
By I. C. WHITE, State Geologist,
With TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS
By C. E. VAN ORSTRAND.
Table Op Contents.
Page. Discussion of the Records of Some Very Deep Wells in the Appalachian OH Fields of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia, by I. C. White, State Geologist xxv-lxv
Previous Publication of R. A. Geary No. 770 Well Record xxvi-xxviii
Record of R. A. Geary No. 770 Well Record and Discussion xxvlli-xxxl
Derrick City Deep Well Record xxxli-xxxix
Record of Bradys Bend Well xxxix-xl
Record of Selberling Well, Akron, Ohio xl-xlii
Record of John Hamilton Heirs Well No. 1099. xliil
Record of W. P. and R. N. Crooks No. 1212 Well xliv
Deep Drilling in West Virginia xlv-lili
Record of M. D. Reiley Well No. 5048 xlv-il
Record of W. C. Bumside No. 2073 (5008) Well . . . il-l
Record of K. M. Patton No. 745 Well Mi
Record of Volcanic Oil and Coal Co. No. 4670 Well. lii-liii
Lancaster, Ohio, Well liil-liv
Record of Zanesville Oil & Gas Co. (George Handchsy)
Well liv
The Deepest Well in the World (Martha O. Goff No. 4190) Iv-lxl Fossil Life from the Goff Well Ixi-lxiii
m
Xxvi Introduction.
Page.
Temperature Measurements Ixlli-lzy
Apparatus for the Measurement of Temperatures in Deep Wei la, and Temperature Determinations in Some Deep Welis in Pennsylvania and West Virginia, by C. E. Van
Orstrand Ixvi-cili
Well Records and Temperature Determinations:
Table 1— J. R. Blackshire No. 14 Well Ixxxvi-lxxzvii
Table 2 — C. B. Morgan No. 6 Well Ixxxvii-lxxxviii
Table 3 — E. D. Ice No. 2 Ixxxviii-lxxxix
Table 4— C. H. Hibbs No. 4. xc-xci
Table 5 — C. D. Morgan No. 7 xcii
Table 6— E. T. Price No. 9 xciii
Table 8 — E. Robinson No. 4291 xcvi-xcvii
Table 9— Bennett Heirs No. 4262; xcviii
Table 10— Volcanic Oil & Coal Co. No. 4670 (Temperatures) ic
Table 11— Baxter Poling Heirs No. 4623 ci
Table 13 — Martha O. Goff No. 4190 (Temperatures) . ciii
R. A. Geary No. 770 Well Record.
Previous Publication.
At the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America December 30th, 1912, the writer presented a "Note on a Very Deep Well near McDonald, Pennsylvania", and the same was published in Volume XXIV, pages 275 to 282, under date of June 10th, 1913. At that time the well in question, which is located on the R. A. Geary farm, about 5 miles northwest from McDonald, Pennsylvania, near the line between Allegheny and Washington Counties, had attained a depth of 6299 feet, and was still drilling. As related in the former "Note", the boring was executed by the Peoples Natural Gas Company, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, an organization along with the Hope Natural Gas Company and the Carter Oil Company which the Supreme Court permitted the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey to retain in the order for its dissolution. Mr. John G. Pew of Pittsburgh is President of the Peoples Natural Gas Company and Capt. L. F. Barger of the same city was General Manager and in immediate charge of field operations during the period in which the Geary well was drilled, and to their courtesy and liberal views
INTRODUCTION. XXVll
in their attitude toward geologic science, we are indebted for the record of this very deep boring.
As stated in the previous publication, this well is located on the Candor Dome described in the Burgettstown Folio of the U. S. Geological Survey by E. W. Shaw and M. J. Munn, a structural feature in the rocks of the region where the several sands of the lower Pennsylvanian, Mississippian, and upper Devonian beds had produced large quantities of natural gas, but in the course of 20-odd years of production had become practically exhausted on account of the great decline in rock Ipressures through continued use of the gas. It was in hopes of developing still deeper and virgin horizons of natural gas that the drilling of the Geary well was undertaken on the summit of the Candor Dome where several successive gas sands had already furnished large quantities of this matchless fuel.
After overcoming many difHculties, including the loss of a bailer and many hundred feet of steel line in the hole, pulling casing and reaming, to shut off additional water found at 6520 feet, as also the loss of two strings of drilling tools, only one of which could be recovered from a depth of nearly 7000 feet, the lower string of tools was left at the side of the hole which was drilled past them and the tools cased off with 7214 feet of 4j4-inch casing welded into one continuous tube by the oxyacetylene flame, and constituting probably the longest string of casing ever set in any boring anywhere in the world. After the salt water struck at 6520 to 6530 feet had been successfully shut off at 7214 feet and the missing set of tools safely sidetracked into the wall of the well, the lower joints of this very long casing tube under a water pressure of nearly 3000 pounds to the square inch collapsed around the drilling tools, and as there was of course a curve in the bore hole opposite the lost tools, the drilling set could not be withdrawn, and thus the second deepest hole ever yet sunk in the new world (and exceeded only by the Czuchow well — 7349 feet — in the old world) was plugged beyond hope of recovery at a depth of 7248 feet, in the Summer of 1917, after more than 6 years of continuous work, and the expenditure of very many thousands of dollars in an effort to reach the "Clinton" oil and gas zone
XXVlll INTRODUCTION.
of Ohio which has proved gas-bearing and petroliferous practically from the Ohio River in Scioto County northward to I-.ake Erie in Cuyahoga County, This gas horizon was termed 'Clinton" by Dr. Edward Orton, Sr., when it was first discovered, and it will probably continue to retain the original name, but the writer has always regarded it as more probably the equivalent of the White Medina Sandstone horizon immediately below the true Clinton of the New York Series, and in this conclusion Prof. J. A. Bownocker, the present State Geologist of Ohio, concurs.
The record of this second deepest well in America and third deepest in the world affords so much of geologic and stratigraphic interest that it is here given in full with the kind permission of Messrs. Pew and Barger. It reads as follows :
R A. Geary Well Record, No. 770 of the Peoples Natural Gas
Company.
Located 5 miles northwest from McDonald, Pennsylvania; beginning 130 feet below the crop of the Pittsburgh Goal; well mouth approximately 1050 feet above tide.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Conductor 16 16
Unrecorded (13" casing set at 232') 434 450
Lime 20 470
Slate 125 595
Unrecorded 134 734
Salt Sand (gas at 760' and 912') 216 950
Pencil Cave (10" casing set at 953') 8 953
Big Lime 29 982
Unrecorded 137 1378
Unrecorded 218 1610
Unrecorded : 172 1794
Unrecorded : 93 1910
Unrecorded 43 1968
Gordon Stray Sand (8%" casing set at 1969') 3 1971
White slate 1019 2990
Lime 220 3210
White slate 230 3440
Lime ;... 10 3450
Introduction. Xxix
ThlcknesB. Total. Feet. Feet.
White slate 660 4100
White slate 360 4620
Black slate 30 4660
White slate 660 6200
Black slate 120 6320
Black shale 200 6620
White slate 140 6660
Limestone 8eiinsgrove7 .. 128 6788
Flint 22
Brown sand 60 f OHskany 270 6316
Brown sand 46 J
Sand and black flint . . 10 f 200'
White sand, Stormville Con-
Rock salt 8'1
Lime and sand 67
Rock salt 10 I
Limestone 46
Rock salt 10
Lime and sand 20
Rock salt 6
Limestone . . ! 6
Rock salt 6
Limestone 20
Rock salt 6
Limestone and sand 96
Salt and lime shells 20 J
Sand and time, Salina and Niagara, to bottom... 208 7248
Casing Record: 16" hole to 232'; cased to that point with 18'' casing; 13" hole to 968'; to that point 10" casing; 10" hole to 1969'; 8%" casing to that point; 8" hole to 6063'; 6%" casing to that point, weight 68 tons; 6%" hole to 6316'; 4" casing to that point, weight 46 tons; Then pulled 4%" casing and reamed, and drilled hole to 7214'
when 7214 feet of AW welded casing was set.
Salina Salt Series 340 7040
Xxx Introduction.
This detailed record may be summarized as follows, beginning at the base of the Pittsburgh Coal 130 feet above the derrick floor :
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet
Conemaugh Series 580' 1
Allegheny Series 284 I Penn8ylvanian..l080 1080
Pottsville Series 216
Mauch Chunk 3'
Big lime ('Mountain, Greenbrier") 29
"Big Injun." "Squaw," and
"Berea" Sands 640
Gatskill, (including Venango Oil Sand Group), Chemung, Portage, Hamilton, and Marcellus
beds 4386 6138
Comiferous Limestone 37 6175
Oriskany Sandstone 270 6445
Helderberg 385 6830
Sallna Salt Series 340 7170
It is regrettable that this boring could not have been sunk a few hundred feet deeper, since the horizon of the "Clinton" oil and gas zone could not have been more than 100 to 300 feet below where the tools were so successfully imprisoned, and reluctantly abandoned by Mr. Pew and his associates.
The demonstration of the existence of commercial deposits of rock salt in the Salina Series extending in unbroken sheets from Cleveland past Akron (where its presence had already been demonstrated) to the vicinity of Pittsburgh and probably many miles so.uthward, is an accomplishment well worth all of the cost of the boring, to say nothing of the great addition to the sum of stratigraphic and geologic knowledge otherwise forever to remain a sealed book except for the labor and money expended thereon by the men of broad vision and ample means who had at their command the unlimited resources of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey. To Mr. A. C. Bedford, Chairman, and the other officers of this great corporation, geologic science is indebted for this rich contribution to the sum of human knowledge. It is barely possible that in addition to the vast quantity of common salt, or sodium chloride, in these great underground deposits, some
Introduction. Xxxi
of the potash salts, potassium chloride and potassium sulphate, may also exist and will be found interbedded among these other saline products.
Opportunity was afforded the experts of the U. S. Geological Survey to test this deep well for temperature observations and the Peoples Natural Gas Company also made some temperature tests on its own account, these latter being given in the Geological Society of America publication referred to above.
The temperature measurements of C. E. Van Orstrand, Physical Geologist of the U. S. Geological Surrey, have been courteously submitted by him to the writer by the kind permission of the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey, for publication in connection herewith, and they will be given later in this Report in connection with other deep well temperatures.
Mr. Van Orstrand, with improved temperature reading and recording devices, was to have been given an opportunity to make other temperature tests before the boring was abandoned, but the unhappy accident mentioned above prevented this very desirable accomplishment.
The water found at 6,260 feet rose in the hole to a height of 5560 feet, or to 700 feet below the top of the well. Its chemical composition is as follows, according to an analysis of a sample made by the Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory — H. H. Graver, Chief Chemist:
Specific gravity at 60° Fahrenheit 1.1085
Oil Trace
Parts per 100,000
Alkalinity as calcium carbonate 5.50
Calcium chloride 4,421.40
Magnesium chloride 251.60
Sodium chloride 5,018.20
Sulphuric anhydride Trace
Iron oxide Trace
Total solids 9,921.30
Total solids exclusive of pulverized rock sediment. . .9,696.70
This analysis looks as though we had here a case of fossil ocean water imprisoned since mid-Paleozoic time.
XXXll INTRODUCTION.
Derrick City Deep Well, 4 Miles East Of Bradford,
Pennsylvania.
Although the Geary well failed to penetrate to the "Clinton" (Medina) oil and gas horizon of Ohio, another deep boring about 140 miles northeast from the Geary location did reach and pass below that horizon* This well was drilled by the United Natural Gas Company of Oil City, Pennsylvania. It is located near Derrick City, 4 miles east from Bradford, in McKean County, Pennsylvania, and the record of the boring, as transmitted through Capt. L. F. Barger by Mr. W. P. Craig, of Oil City, Superintendent of the United Natural Gas Company, is as follows :
Record of Derrick City Deep Well.
Fbur miles east of Bradford, Pennsylyania, as given by W. P. Craig, Superintendent, United Natural Gas Company; mouth of well about 1585 feet above tide, and 815 feet below the Glean Conglomerate, the basal member of the Pennsylvanian.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Unrecorded 1120 1120
Sand, Bradford 78 1198
Interval, unrecorded 32 1280
Slate, light, soft 90 1320
Slate, black, soft 95 1415
Slate, black, soft 15 1430
Slate, light, soft 37 1467
Sand, gray, hard 12'!
Slate 1 Kane Sand 23 1490
Sand, gray, hard 10 J
Shale, dark, soft 60 1650
Sand shells, dark, hard. . , 20 1570
Shale, light, soft 54 1624
Slate, light, soft 16 1640
Sand shell, dark, hard 10 1650
Shale, dark, soft 30 1680
. Sand shells, dark, hard 40 1720
Slate, light, soft 10 1730
Shale, brown, soft 10 1740
Sand shell, brown, hard 10 1750
Lime shells, Ught, hard 50 1800
Slate, light, soft 30 1830
Slate, white, soft 40 1870
Shale, brown, soft 30 1900
Slate and lime shell, light, hard 50 1950
Slate and lime shell, light, hard 40 1990
Slate and lime shell, brown, hard 40 2030
Slate and lime shell, light, hard 20 2050
Introduction.
TUckneBS. Feet.
Slate and lime shell, light, hard 20
Slate and lime shell, dark, hard dO
Lime, light, hard 20
Ume, light, very hard 30
Slate and lime, light, medium 20
Slate and lime, light, medium 30
Slate and lime, dark, medium : 30
Slate, Ught, soft. . 36
Slate and shells, light, medium 36
Ldme and slate, light, hard 48
Slate, light, soft 32
Slate, light, soft 26
Shells, dark, hard 30
Shells, dark, hard 16
Shells and slate, light, hard 24
Shale, brown, soft 20
Sand shells, brown, hard 26
Slate, dark, soft. 26
Slate, black, soft 90
Shale, brown, soft 30
Slate shells, light, medium 26
Slate, black, soft 43
Sand shells, black, hard 22
Slate shells, brown, soft 60
Shftle, brown, soft 33
Sand shells, brown, hard 12
Shale, brown, soft 155
Slate, black, soft 100
Slate, white, soft 60
Slate, black, soft 66
Slate, black, soft 184
Shale, black-brown, soft 20
Sand, shell, black-brown, soft 166
Slate shale, black, soft 46
Shale, black, soft 30
Shale, brown, soft 19
very badly; dumped
Shale, black, soft 80 IMarcellus 396
Shale, brown, soft 20
Lime shells, dark, hard... 30
Shale, brown, soft 70
Shale, black, soft 166 J
Sand, black, hard, pebbly
Lime, black, hard 20
Flint, dark, very hard 6
Flint, light, very hard 15
Total.
Feet.
. Corniferous
Introduction.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Sand, white, very hard, Oriakany (showing of oil) 20 4156
Lime, dark, very hard 10'
Sandy lime, light, very
hard 10
Lime, dark, very hard... 26 Lime, light, very hard... 16 Sandy lime, dark, very
Lime, dark, very hard 30
Brick shale, dark, soft
Lime and gypsum, medium,
'f
. Helderberg 336
Lime, dark, hard Lime, dark, hard. Lime, dark, hard Lime, dark, hard Lime, dark, hard. Lime, dark, hard. Lime, light, hard.
Lime, dark, hard 15
Lime, light-brown, hard. . .10
Lime, Ught, hard 16
Lime, dark, hard 10
Pure salt, white, soft 30'
Sandy lime, white, fairly
Lime and slate, white,
fairly soft 6
Lime, dark, very hard 26
Lime, brown, hard 81 Sal Ina Salt Group.. 223
Lime, brown, hard 20
Lime, gray, very hard 12
Salt, white, soft 47
Lime, brown, hard 8 i
Salt and "lava,"* white,
soft 20 J
♦Most probably "lava" means anhydrite or sulphate of lime, a common mineral interstratifled with salt beds.
Introduction.
Slate *'lava," gray, soft 1
(caved very badly from 4729r to 4780r. Cemented this cave with good results, using 5 tons Of cement
Slate-"lava/' gray, soft... 47 Slate-"lava," gray, soft (bad cave 4786' to 4840'; did not cement
Slate shells, dark, hard
(standing up nicely) . .40 Lime shells, dark, hard... 30
Lime, dark, hard 16
Slate shells, dark, fair
drilling 6
Slate, light and dark, soft
Lime, dark-gray, very hard.lO* ' Lime, dark-gray, very hard.lO Lime, dark, very hard. . . .20
Lime, gray, hard 26
Lime and shells, black,
Lime, black, hard 16
Lime, gray, hard 10
Lime, black, very hard 40
Lime, gray, very hard 6
Sand, gray, very hard 16
Lime, black, very hard 16 Sand, gray, very hard
Lime, dark, hard 4
Lime, brown, hard 10
Lime, dark, hard 10
Lime, brown, hard 10
Lime, gray, hard 20
Lime, dark-gray, hard 20
Thickness. Total. jFeeit. veet.
Sallna Shales 297
Niagara 146
. Clinton Shales 166
Introduction.
Sand, light-gray, hard 16'
Sand, dark-gray, hard 2
Sand, light-gray, hard 8
Sand, light-gray, hard 2
Sand, dark, soft 3
Sand, dark, shells 6
Shells, dark, fair 4
Sand, gray, hard 6
Sand, dark, soft 20
Sand, dark, soft 6
Shale, dark, soft 16
Shale, dark, fair 10
Shale, dark, fair 10
Shale, blue, soft 20
Shale, black, soft 20
Slate, light-gray, soft
Slate, gray, soft 20
Sand, gray, hard 10
Sand, red, hard 8' '
Sand, red, hard 2
Sand, red, hard 6
Sand, red, hard 2
Sand, red, hard 2
Sand, red, hard 6
Sand, red, hard 6
Sand, red, hard 6
Sand, gray, very hard
(white predominating) 7 Sand, red, softer (pure red) 3 Sand, red, hard, (pure
Sand, red, softer, sand
coarse and shelly 2 J
Thickness. Total. Feet Feet.
White Medina 240 C'ainton Sand")
Red Medina 82
Introduction.
Gray or Lower
Medina 118
Thickness. Total. Sand, gray, hard, almost ] Feet. Feet.
white 2'1
Sand, light-gray, hard 2
Sand, white, hard 2
Sand, white, hard 2
Sand, gray, hard 2
Sand, dark-gray, hard 2
Sand, light-gray, hard 16
Sand 6
Sand, very dark, very hard 4 Sand, light-gray, softer. . . 4 Sand, dark-gray, very hard 4 Sand, light-gray, very hard. 3 Sand, dark-gray, very hard
Brown sand shale, softer,
fair drilling 10
Red sand and coarse, hard
shells to bottom, where
well was abandoned
February 2, 1914 60
This detailed record may be summarized as follows, beginning with the missing intervals up to the Pittsburgh Coal horizon, approximately 1900 feet above the top of the
boring: Depth Below
Thickness. Pittsburgh
Coal.
Pittsburgh Coal
rConemaugh 600M
Pennsylvanian Allegheny 250 I 1100 1100
Mississippian, estimated to base of Berea Sand
horizon 530 1630
.Catsklll and Chemung Oil Sand Groups, ]
to bottom of Kane Sand 1776' I . .4350 6980
Chemung, Portage, Hamilton, and Mar- .[
celluB 2676 J
f Sand, dark, hard, pebbly. 30' 1
Comiferous Limestone 20 I 70'
Oriskany Sandstone 20
Helderberg 335
Salina Shales 297
Niagara Limestone 146
Clinton Shales, Sandstones, and Limestones ". 166 7286 Medina White Sandstones ("Clinton" Oil Sand of
Medina Red Sandstones and Shales 82 7567
Medina Gray Sandstones, to bottom 118 7676
XXXVlll INTRODUCTION.
No temperature observations were made in this well so far as known tothe writer.
The top of the White Medina, struck at 5320 feet, and 1255 feet below the top of the Corniferous Limestone, most probably correlates with the "Clinton Oil Sand" horizon of Ohio, although it is barely possible that the 46 feet of gray sand with "showing of oil" 74 feet higher might represent that petroliferous level.
The estimate of 1100 feet at Derrick City from the base of the Olean Conglomerate up to the Pittsburgh Coal horizon is only approximately correct, since it may be 100 feet in error, but the average interval from the coal in question to the base of the Pottsville in the Pittsburgh region has been used in this estimate, while the interval of 815 feet from the mouth of the well to the base of the Olean Conglomerate (Pennsylvanian) is that furnished by Mr. W. P. Craig, who had it specially determined, presumably by aneroid measurement.
The interval from the Pittsburgh Coal horizon to the base of the famous Bradford Sand would be at Bradford according to these figures approximately only 3113 feet, and 3405 feet to the base of the Kane Sand, since in northern Pennsylvania the upper portion of the Mississippian suffered much from erosion before the Olean Conglomerate (the beginning of the Pennsylvanian deposits) was laid down. The proof of this is attested by the fact that the Olean Conglomerate contains many Mississippian fossils as pebbles while the conglomerate itself rests unconformably upon the remnants of the Pocono Shales and Sandstones, the Mauch Chunk Shale and the underlying Mountain or Greenbrier Limestone having been entirely eroded before the deposition of the Olean Conglomerate. Hence in figuring the thickness of the Devonian Shales at the Derrick City well the amount of Mississippian sediments has been assumed as 530 feet down to the base of the Berea Grit horizon, which corresponds closely with that (509') found for these beds in the Bradys Bend well.
This erosion extended southward practically to the latitude of Pittsburgh as we learn from other drill hole records, but beyond there to the south, the Mauch Chunk Red Shale
INTRODUCTION. XXXlX
and the Mountain Limestone both make their appearance in the section.
In order to show the thickening of the Upper Devonian Deds southward, the record of a boring from Bradys Bend on the Allegheny River, about 85 miles southwest from Bradford, is here given on the authority of Emmet Queen, the oil and gas operator, of Pittsburgh, Pa., as follows :
Record Of Bradys Bend Well.
TMcknesB. Total.
Feet. Feet. Interval above top of well to Pittsburgh Coal
Conductor and unrecorded 36 860
Fire clay 16 885
Coal, Clarion 4 889
Slate and shale 156 1045
Mountain Sand (Pottsville and Big Injun) 243 1288
Slate and shale 162 1460
Sand, "Squaw" 38 1488
Slate and shale 186 1673
Slate and shale 102 1799
Slate and shale 57 1940
"Thirty-Foot" Sand 30 1970
Slate and shale 105 2076
"Third"' or Gordon Sand 20 2096
Slate 10 2106
"Boulder" Sand 10 2116
Slate and shale 40 2165
Fourth Sand 17 2172
Slate and shale (No Ffth nor Bayard Sands) 503 2675
Slate and shale 336 3035
"Speechley" Sand, top 15 feet gray and full of
Slate and shale 1020 4115
"Bradford" Sand, (possibly "Kane") top 15 feet
pebbly, the balance "honeycomb," brownish
and showing dark oil 80 4195
Slate and red ? rock to bottom 137 4332
This record reveals a thickening of approximately (4115 — 3035) 1080 feet between the Pittsburgh Coal horizon and the Bradford Sand in the 85 miles between Bradford and Bradys Bend, unless the Sand identified here as "Bradford" should really represent the "Kane", which would appear probable
xl INTRODUCTION.
with the Bradford absent, since the usual interval between the Speechley and Bradford Sands is only 600-700' and not lOZO' as given in this record, and which would be about the correct interval from the "Speechley" to the "Kane".
This Bradys Bend record is quite important, since it reveals most of the Appalachian field oil and gas sands in a vertical range, and exhibits their stratigraphic relationships to the famous Pittsburgh Coal, whose horizon belongs at an approximate interval of 850 feet above the Vanport Limestone. It is quite probable that the "red rock" noted in the last 137 feet of the boring had fallen into the hole from the caving walls of the well much higher up since other deep borings find no "reds" below the "Elizabeth" Sand.
Akron, Ohio, Deep Well.
This Bradys Bend well penetrated only through the upper portion of the Devonian Shales, but a boring near Akron, Ohio, approximately 100 miles nearly due west from Bradys Bend, starting near the base of the Pottsville Series, was drilled below the "Clinton" (Medina) Sand. The record of this well furnished by Capt. L. F. Barger, of the Peoples Natural Gas Company, and not heretofore published, reads as follows:
Record of Seiberling Well.
LfOcated south of Akron, Ohio; began, May 12th, 1905; completed, August 1st, 1905; authority, Capt. L. P. Barger, General Superintendent, Peoples Natural Gas Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Unrecorded 161 300
Berea Grit 35 385
Shales, Devonian (8%" casing at 455') 1775 2160
Salina Salt Series. 420 3220 ( Thickness of rock salt 304')
INTRODUCTION. xU
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Limestone 16
. Rock salt 40
Limestone 10
Rock salt 88
Limestone 16
Rock salt. 45
Limestone 6
Rock salt 82
Limestone 80
Rock salt 40
Limestone 6
Rock salt 40
Limestone 26
Rock salt 30
Limestone 10
Rock salt 26 J
Limestone 20 3240
Slate 40 8280
Limestone, Niagara and Clinton 321 3601
Limestone 143 3748
Slaty limestone to bottom 40 3789
The enormous thickness of Rock Salt (304') found in the Akron boring, compared to about 100 feet in the Derrick City well, and 60 feet in the R. A. Geary deep boring, shows that the vicinity of Akron was probably near the center of the ancient sea which becoming isolated from oceanic waters by crustal movement gave origin through evaporation of its saline waters to these extensive salt deposits. These we now know extended from the vicinity of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, northward beyond Cleveland under Lake Erie and far northward into Canada, and central Michigan, a distance of 300 to 400 miles, thus covering an area of many thousand square miles and constituting an inexhaustible supply of saline minerals, since a thickness of SSO and 600 feet of rock salt is reported from the Dearborn and Royal Oak wells, respectively, in 870 and 932 feet of Salina Beds, near Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan, according to R. C. Allen, State Geologist.*
The thickness {177 S') of the Upper Devonian Shales in the Seiberling boring is so much less than in the Derrick City
PublicaUon 24, Series 20, 1916, p. 247, Michigan Geol. and Biol. Survey.
xlii INTRODUCTION.
well (4350') that it reveals a very rapid westward thinning of these particular measures. As a gauge on this westward thinning or .eastward thickening, as the case may be, we fortunately have access to another measurement of these Upper Devonian Shales, near West Middlesex, Mercer County. Pennsylvania, about 5 miles south from Sharon, and about 55 miles nearly due east from Akron. Here the No. 2 well of the Wheatland Iron Company found the bottom of the Berea Grit at 351 feet, and the top of the Corniferous Limestone at 3377 feet, thus giving a thickness of 3026 feet for the Devonian Shales at that locality which represents (3026 — 1775=1245') an eastward thickening or a westward thinning of 22.63 feet per mile in the 55 miles between Akron and West Middlesex, and if the same rate were continued eastward 45 miles farther to the latitude of Bradys Bend, would make an additional increase of 1018 feet, and thus give these Upper Devonian Shales an approximate thickness of 4044 feet in the Bradys Bend well. Hence, the top of the Corniferous Limestone in that boring would lie about 1400 feet below the bottom of the same and would have required a well of nearly (4917') 5000 feet in depth to penetrate to the base of these Upper Devonian Shales at Bradys Bend.
The Peoples Natural Gas Company and others have developed a deep sand gas field in the Bradford and higher sand horizons in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. Since none of these deep well records has yet been published, and as they furnish most interesting data for correlation purposes, two of them are here gven through the# courtesy of Mr. John G. Pew, President of the Peoples Natural Gas Company, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The first one is Well No. 1099 of the Peoples Natural Gas Company's series, and is located on the land of John Hamilton Heirs, Franklin Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. Its record reads as follows :
INTRODUCTION. xUii
John Hamilton Heirs Well No. 1099.
Located in FrankUn Township, Westmoreland County, Pa.; drilling commenced February 8, 1916; completed, April 20, 1916; Oontraetor, Geo. M. Evans.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
Slate and shells 0 866
Coal, Upper Freeport 266 273
Lime, Upper Freeport 278 290
Slate 290 616
Slate IPottSYille 660 700
Sand J 700 766
Slate 766 880
Sand, Big Injun 880 1280
Slate 1230 1610
Sand, MurrysYllle 1610 1686
Slate 1686 1690
Sand, "Hundred-FOot" 1690 1700
Slate and shells 1700 2010
Sand 2010 2030
Slate and shells 2080 2070
Sand, Fifth 2070 2120
Slate and shells 2120 2826
8and, Speechley (gas, 2826', steel-line measurement, d/lO'' water in 2" opening, included in
open flow given for Bradford Sand) 2826 2840
Slate 2840 2866
Sand .2866 2886
Sand, Tiona 2886 2930
Slate 2980 8000
Sand, Sheffield 8000 8012
Slate and shells .8012 3426
Sand, Bradford 8426 8446
Slate and shells 8446 8606
8and, Bradford (gas, 3615', steel*line measurement, 1-6/10* water in 3" opening, 428,110
Slate, to bottom (steel-line measurement) 8536 3541
Casing Record: 12%". 19 7"; 10, 100' 3"; 8%", 801' 11"; 6%".
1721' 0"; 4", 2107' 4". 12%" casing used to shut off loose sand. 10
casing used to shut off surface water. 4" tubing used on account of high rock pressure.
Well shot April 21, 1916, with 40 quarts. Top of shell, 3516'; bottom of shell, 3525'; length, 10'; diameter, 5 inches. Shot in Bradford Sand by West Penn Torpedo Company. Open flow test before shooting. 1-3/10" water in 3" opening.
Minufe Pressure Taken in 4" Tubing: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 30 60 4 hrs. 10—18—22—28—30—32—36—40 44 48—112—220 540
The record of another deep sand well drilled by the Peoples Natural Gas Company in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, is as follows :
xliv INTRODUCTION.
W. F. And R. N. Crooks Well No. 1212
Located in Upper Burrell Township, Westworeland County, Pennsylvania; drilling commenced January 12, 1917; completed, February 14, 1917; Contractor, Geo. M. Evans.
Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet.
Lime 330
Sand. 60' 725 780
Sand, 70' 820
San4 Big Injun 990
Sand, MurrysvlUe 1530 1640
Sand, 100-Foot (gas at 1701% steel-line measurement, 1" water in 6%" casing) 1640 1770
Red rock 1780 1810
Slate and shell 1810 2060
Sand, Fifth 2060 2161
Slate and sheU 2161 2871
Sand, "Stray" (probably top of Speechley — I. C. W.) (gas at 2873', 12/10" water in 2" opening) 2871 2900
Slate and shell 2900 2956
Sand, Speechley 2956 2982
Slate and shell 2982 3265
Sand, Sheffield 3265 3280
Slate and shell 3280 3561
Sand, Bradford (little gas at 3563') 3561 3579
Slate to bottom (steel-line measurement) 3579 3609
Minute Pressure in 6%" tubing:
123456 7 8 9 10 30 60 minutes. 0—0—2—5—8—11—13—15—17—19—41—80 pounds.
The Pittsburgh Coal horizon lies above the tops of both wells, but the coal found at 265 feet in well No. 1099 and at 320 feet in well No. 1212 appears to represent the Upper Freeport bed, which in this region belongs at 600 to 650 feet below the famous Pittsburgh seam. This correlation puts the bottom of the Bradford Sand in well No. 1099 at 3262 feet below the Upper Freeport Coal, while in well No. 1212, the same horizons are separated by a vertical interval of 3259 feet, or say 3900 feet, in round numbers, below the Pittsburgh Coal bed, while the interval below the top of the Big Injun Sand is 2675 feet in well No. 1099 where the top of the Big Injun is clearly defined.
INTRODUCTION. xlv
Deep Drilling In West Virginia.
Quite recently the Hope Natural Gas Company and the Reserve Gas Company have inaugurated a deep drilling campaign in West Virginia, and have succeeded in finding a gas horizon furnishing wells of 300,000 to 1,000,000 cubic feet daily in what appears to be the representative of the "Bradford Sand" of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. This deep sand horizon, which was first developed on the farm of J. C. Benson in western Barbour County, found gas at a depth of 4090 feet, about 4300 feet below the horizon of the Pittsburgh Coal, and 2765 feet below the top of the Big Injun Sand. At this well the detailed record of which is givefi on pages 85-86 of this volume, a rock pressure of 1800 pounds to the square inch was recorded from this Benson Sand, and it is not certain that the total pressure was registered, owing to the considerable leakage from joints and couplings at such high pressures.
A boring made on the M. D. Reiley farm, 5 to 6 miles west from Philippi, Barbour County, by the Hope Natural Gas Company, gives an interesting record, and also reveals the presence of a gas-bearing sand at 327 feet above the Benson Sand horizon. This valuable record is here given through the courtesy of John G. Pew and J. B. Corrin, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania :
M. D. Reiley Well No. 5048.
Located 5 to 6 miles west from Philippi, Barbour County; drilled by the Hope Natural Gas Co.; commenced drilling, December 14, 1917; completed, April 4, 1918.
Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet.
Yellow clay 0 16
Red rock 16 30
Bluff Sand (2 bailers water per hour at 58') 30 85
Coal 86 88
White slate 88 90
White lime 90 116
Red rock 116 126
Ume 125 136
Red rock 136 160
White slate 150 166
White lime 165 180
Introduction.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
White slate 180 210
Red rock 210 225
White slate 225 280
Dark lime 280 820
White slate 320 330
White lime 830 850
Sand (Big Dunkard) (water at 360' (10" casing
Slate 885 391
Lrlme 891 430
Black slate 430 455
Dark lime 455 475
First Gas Sand 475 515
White slate 515 580
Gas Sand 530 660
Coal 550 553
Second Gas Sand 558 700
White slate 700 740
Black slate 740 780
First Salt Sand 780 790
Black slate 790 810
Coal 810 817
Second Salt Sand 817 885
Dark lime 886 920
Gritty lime 920 955
Third Salt Sand 955 990
Black slate 990 1080
Lime 1080 1150
Maxton Sand 1150 1180
Slate and shells 1180 1210
Red rock 1210 1285
Lime 1285 1312
Red rock 1312 1415
White slate 1415 1458
Little Lime 1453 1470
Pencil Cave 1470 1495
Big Lime 1495 1665
Big Injun Sand 1566 1690
Red rock 1690 1592
Big Injun Sand 1592 1690
White slate 1690 1697
Squaw Sand T 1697 1707
Slate 1707 1725
Dark lime 1725 1820
Dark slate 1820 1823
Dark lime 1823 1838
Dark slate 1883 1843
White slate 1965 1975
Lime 1975 1987
White slate 1987 2006
Fifty-Foot Sand 2006 2026
White slate 2026 2038
Thlrty-FOot Sand 2033 2046
Red rock 2045 2052
INTRODUCTION. xlvii
Top. Bottom. Feet Feet
Dark lime 2052 2064
Slate and shells 2064 2100
Red rock 2100 2117
Dark slate 2117 2127
Sand 2127 2138
Red rock 2188 2316
White slate 2378 2392
Fburth Sand 2392 2417
Red rock 2417 2425
White sand 2426 2437
Slate 2487 2468
Sand, Fifth (oil show, 2466') 2463 2614
White slate 2614 2560
Ume 2650 2666
White slate 2666 2600
Lime 2600 2616
White slate , 2616 2638
White Ume 2633 2640
Slate 2640 2667
White sand 2667 2672
White slate 2672 2830
Lime -2960 2964
Slate and shells 2964 3105
Lime 3106 3140
Slate and shells 3140 3270
Lime 3270 3286
Slate and shells 3286 3307
Slate 3307 3340
Lime 3340 3360
Slate 3360 3370
Sand 8370 3376
Lime 3876 8396
White, hard lime 3396 3426
Hard lime 3425 8436
White slate 3436 3446
Hard lime 3446 3456
Dark slate 3456 3470
Hard lime 3470 3480
Lime shells 3480 3490
Slate and shells 3490 3625
Hard lime 3526 8645
Lime 3646 3560
Dark slate 3560 3566
Hard gritty lime 3566 3675
Dark slate 3676 3686
Hard gritty lime 3585 3600
Dark slate 3600 3625
Soft slate 3625 3645
Hard lime 3645 3660
Slate 3660 3690
Dark slate 3690 3700
Lime 3700 3740
Hard lime 3740 3775
Dark slate 3776 3793
xlviii INTRODUCTION.
TDp. Bottom.
Feet FeeL
Soft lime 3793 3800
Dark, soft slate 3800 3820
Dark lime 3820 3860
Soft lime 3860 3900
Slate and shells 3900 3960
Hard lime 3960 3970
Soft sand 3970 3975
Gray slate 3975 4020
Soft lime 4020 4050
Slate and shells 4050 4077 ,
Soft saiid (gas, at 4077'; 10/10* mercury through
2" opening=552.000 cu. ft. daily) 4077 4079 i
Hard lime 4079 4100
Dark slate 4100 4125
Soft aand 4126 4135
Lime 4135 4170
Slate and shells 4170 4230
Hard lime 4230 4270
Slate and shells 4320 4365
Soft lime 4356 4390
Slate 4390 4403
Benson Sand (gas at 4404% 50/10'' water through
2" opening=336,000 cu. ft.) 4403 4409
Lime shells, to bottom 4409 4448
The presence of a gas horizon 327 feet above the Benson Sand in this well makes it possible that this upper sand may represent the Bradford Sand horizon, while the Benson might be the Kane Sand horizon, the lowest gas-bearing zone yet developed in the Devonian beds of northern Pennsylvania, since the Kane Sand, as shown by the record of the Derrick City well on a previous page, comes approximately 300 feet below the Bradford Sand. This Reiley well starts about 200 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, and thus reveals a considerable thickening in the measures between this coal bed and the top of the Big Injun Sand due principally to the increase in the Mauch Chunk Red Beds, and the Pottsville Series immediately above, thus increasing considerably the interval between the Pittsburgh Coal and the Benson Sand. If this "Reiley" Sand at 327 feet above the "Benson" should finally prove to be at the "Bradford" Sand horizon, then the one called "Sheffield" in the Westmoreland County deep wells would most probably represent the "Bradford" Sand of P'nnsylvania, while the one called "Bradford" in these records would most probably represent the "Kane" Sand of northern
Introduction. U
Pennsylvania. This interpretation is held by James N. Pew, General Manager of the Peoples Natural Gas Company.
In addition to the deep sands shown in the Reiley well, the Hope Natural Gas Company has also found another deep gas horizon in the same general region not hitherto known to be productive in West Virginia. It comes at 1500 to 1600 feet below the top of the "Big Injun" Sand, near Good Hope, Harrison County, on the border of Lewis. The initial output was over a million cubic feet. This horizon would belong at about 3100 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal at the locality m question and would appear to represent either the Warren or Tiona Sand of western Pennsylvania which in the deep well drilled at Bradys Bend, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, the record of which is given on page xxxix, lies about 1500 feet below the top of the Big Injun Sand, and 1000 feet below the top of the Berea Grit, or 2675 feet below the horizon of the Pittsburgh Coal.
The following record of the W. C. Burnside deep well, located in Grant District, near Good Hope, Harrison County, West Virginia, being well No. 2073 (5008) of the Hope Natural Gas Company, reveals the stratigraphic relations of this new deep sand horizon both to the Benson Sand below and to the other well-known sands above. It is given here through the courtesy of John B. Corrin and John G. Pew, Vice-Presidents of the Hope Company:
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
Little Dunkard Sand 280 320
Second Salt Sand 870 930
Little Lime 1172 1184
Pencil Cave 1184 1202
Thirty-Foot Sand 1772 1797
Stray Sand 1997 2007
Gordon Sand 2010 2037
Limestone 2651 2750
Slate 2750 2850
Sand, Burnside (Warren or Tlona) (gas. 2852'). . .2850 2855
1 Introduction.
Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet.
Slate 2855 2988
Lime 2983 2997
Slate 2997 3520
Lime 3520 3540
Slate 3540 4205
Benaon 8and 4205 4220
ft%" casing, 1279'; 5 A", 2172'; 2", 2797"; 3", 44' 8"; 3" Perf., 22' 6"; all left in well.
The K. M. Patton well No. 745 of the Reserve Gas Company, drilled a few hundred feet distant from the one on the Burnside farm reveals other sands not given in the latter and reads as follows, according to Messrs. Corrin and Pew:
K. M. Patton Well No. 746 Of Reserve Gas Company.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet
Little Dunkard Sand 550 585
Gaa Sand 705 775
Maxton Sand. 1170 1245
Big Lime 1340 1414
Big Injun Sand 1414 1535
Squaw Sand 1605 1635
Berea Sand 1725 1745
Gantz Sand 1760 1785
Fifty-Foot Sand 1865 1960
Gordon Stray Sand 2095 2110
Fourth Sand 2180
Sand 2630 2645
Sand 2835 2910
Unrecorded to bottom 2990 3011
Gaa teata: 30', 5th, Bayard, 134,400 cu. ft. — 255 Iba. rock preasure; Bumaide, 304,320 cu, ft., — 1428 Iba. rock preaaure.
This Patton record reveals the presence of all the regular oil and gas sands from the top of the "Big Injun" down to and including the Bayard Sand at at 879 feet below the top of the Big Iiy'un, and about 23S0 feet below the horizon of the Pittsburgh Coal which crops about 60 feet above the derrick floor. Two other sand horizons are reported in
Introduction. U
this well at depths of 2630 feet and 2835 feet, respectively, and this latter might represent the Elizabeth Sand of the deep well near West Elizabeth, Pennsylvania, on the Wm. Bedell farm, since the latter comes at 1397 feet below the top of the Big Injun Sand, while the one at 283S feet in the Patton well comes 1421 feet below the same horizon.
The sand producing gas struck at 2987 feet, 3047 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal and 1573 feet below the top of the Big Injun Sand in the Patton well, and at 1571 feet below the same horizon in the Burnside well near by, can not represent the Speechley Sand of the Pennsylvania series, since in the Burnside well it comes considerably farther above (1355') the Benson Sand than it does above what has been identified as the Bradford Sand horizon in western Pennsylvania, where the "Speechley" Sand as identified in the records of two borings given on pages xliii and xliv of this discussion comes only 600 feet above the top of the "Bradford" of those wells, and 2000 feet in round numbers below the top of the Big Injun Sand. Then, too, in the record of the Bradys Bend well on page xxxix, the interval from the top of the Big Injun Sand (about 1200) to the top of the "Speechley" is 1835 feet, which corresponds closely to the same in the two records given from Westmoreland County, and thus renders it probable that the Burnside Sand may represent either the Warren or Tiona Sand of the western Pennsylvania series, 300 to 400 feet above the true Speechley gas horizon.
The Hope Natural Gas Company has also developed a still deeper oil and gas horizon in West Virginia than the Benson" Sand of the Reiley and other wells just described. This is on the great Burning Springs or Volcano Arch near the line between Wood and Ritchie Counties, a few miles northeast from Petroleum Station on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
The record of this well, as given through the courtesy of the officers of the Hope Natural Gas Company, is as follows :
Ill INTRODUCTION.
Record Of Well No. 4670 Of Hope Natural Gas Company.
Drilled on lease of Volcanic Oil and Coal Company, near crest of Burning Springs Anticlinal, Wood County, West Virginia; began drilling April 1, 1917. Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Sand 12 512
Unrecorded 3 515
Sand 73 588
Hard lime, "Big Lime" 12 600
Sand, Big Injun 40 640
Slate and shells to bottom of Berea Sand 260 900
Slate and shells 1700 2600
Very hard "lime" and shells and slate 1100 3700
White "lime" and shells 270 3970
Slate, soft, white 85 4055
Slate, white and shells 57 4112
Slate, white, and brown 48 41 60
Slate, hard 10 4170
Slate, soft, chocolate-colored 33 4203
Shells, hard 62 4265
Shale, brown 15 4280
Lime shells 7 4287
Shale, brown, mixed with light, sandy layers 59 4346
Shells, soft, limy 14 4360
Shell, hard 2 4362
Shale, soft, chocolate-colored 18 4380
Shale, very soft, cinnamon-brown 60 4480
Shell, gray, hard 2 4432
Shale, cinnamon-colored, soft 38 4470
Shell, hard, gray 2 4472
Shell, light-brown 18 4490
Shell, gray 4 4494
Shale, chocolate-colored 10 4504
Shell 1 4505
Slate, soft 7 4612
Slate, soft, dark 18 4627
*Hard Mme and sand, with nuggets of iron pyrites
The "hard lime and sand" with oil and gas struck at 4527 feet may possibly represent the pebbly stratum struck just above the Corniferous Limestone at 4065 feet in the Derrick City well, or it may represent the Corniferous Limestone and Oriskany horizon with the flint absent. In any event, it lies geologically far below the "Benson" Sand horizon of Barbour, Harrison, and Lewis Counties, since the Devonian Shales* thin rapidly westward, and at the longitude of Lancaster, Ohio, approximately 73 miles north 67 west
Since the above record was closed the well has been drilled a few feet deeper Into a gray sand (Oriskany), getting some water and a much larger amount of gas, the total being estimated at not less than 2,000,000 cubic feet.
INTRODUCTION. Uu
from the Volcano deep well, the Upper Devonian Shales between the Berea Sand and the Corniferous Limestone, which already measure 3627 feet at the Volcano well, have thinned down to only 805 feet, a northwestward thinning of 38.6 feet to the mile, as shown by the Federal Fuel and Gas Company's well No. 1 drilled near Lancaster, the record of which is published in Bulletin No. 1, Fourth Series, Ohio Geological Survey, pages 117-118, and given herewith:
Lancaster, Ohio, Well.
The record of Federal Fuel and Qas Company's Well No. 1, drUled in tlie bed of the old canal, 4 miles below Lancaster, Ohio, as recorded on pages 118 and 119, Bulletin No. 1, Fourth Series, Ohio Geological Survey, reads as follows:
Thickness. Total. Feet Feet.
Shale 91 146
White sand, water 20 166
Sandy shale 186 800
Gray shale 90 890
Black shale..660') Chemung, Hamilton, and Mar- White shale. .142 ] cells 702 1272
Corniferous, Helderberg, Salina, and Niagara Limestones, (water at 1407' and 1682', cased 6%"
Limestone shell 8 f Clinton Shales 116 2076
Blue slate 4
Blue slate 6
Sand, 'Clinton" (Medina White) to bottom 18 2088
Here these Upper Devonian Shales, including Catskill, Chemung, Portage, Hamilton, and Marcellus, total only 805 feet between the Berea Grit and the top of the Corniferous Limestone, and westward from Lancaster, they still continue to thin away until a thickness of only 30 to 40 feet remains just east of the Cincinnati Arch.
The greatest thickening of these Upper Devonian beds appears to be southeastward toward the Alleghany Mountains, since in the Central City deep well on the Ohio River near
Introduction.
Huntingdon, West Virginia, S. 4° E. 85 miles from Lancaster, they have increased only 200 feet to 1005 feet, a rate of only 2-1/3 feet to the mile, while in the Edwards deep well on Slaughter Creek, Kanawha County, S. 29j4° E. 115 miles, the record of which is published on page XVIII, Kanawha County Report, W. Va. Geological Survey, they have increased to 2840 feet, or at the rate of slightly more than 16 feet to the mile.
The northeastward thickening of the Devonian Shales from the vicinity of Lancaster to 6 miles east from Zanesville as also the character of the formations there is shown by the record of a well published on pages 36 and 37, Bulletin No. 12, Fourth Series, Ohio Geological Sur\''ey, as follows:
Record Of Zanesville Oil And Gas Company'S Well.
On land of George Handchey, 6 miles east of Zanesville, Section 25, Perry Township, Muskingum County, Ohio:
Total
Thickness. Depth
Feet. Feet.
Unrecorded 0 to 1010
Berea Sand 23 to 1033
f Bedford red
shales 15'
Limestone 15
Shale and
lime shells 1312
Lime shells 265
f Oomiferous
"Big Lime" I Helderherg
I Salina
I Lime shells 3
I Shales 16
Clinton Shales Sand shells 8
I Shales 18
J Red sandstone 4
Shales to bottom 58 to
This record reveals a considerable thickening in both the Devonian Shales and the underlying limestone formations, Corniferous to Niagara, inclusive, in a direction from Lancaster, N. 71 E., the Devonian Shales having a thickness of 1607 feet in the Zanesville well, or practically double
INTRODUCTION. Iv
that (805') in the Lancaster test, while the "Big Lime" has also increased from 687 feet at I-ancaster to 1005 feet in the Zanesville Oil and Gas Company's well, or a thickening of 318 feet.
The Deepest Well In The World.
The deepest well in the world is the one put down by the Hope Natural Gas Company on the Martha O. Goff farm about 8 miles northeast from Clarksburg, Harrison County, West Virginia. Through the courtesy of Messrs. John B Corrin and John G. Pew, Vice-Presidents of the Hope Company, and John H. Williams, Superintendent of the drilling department, the record of this deepest well of all borings (Hope No. 4190), together with a sketch map (figure 23) showing its location, photos of the derrick, cable, drilling crew, etc., are given herewith. The well was begun with the idea of testing for deeper oil or gas horizons than any hitherto encountered in West Virginia, the intention being to drive it to the horizon of the "Clinton" (Medina) petroliferous Sand of Ohio, if possible. The Devonian Shales, however, having thickened over a thousand feet more than expected, this boring will most probably be stopped after penetrating and testing the Oriskany Sandstone, now only a few feet (probably not more than 20 to 30) below the present bottom (7386') of the well where it is temporarily delayed with a fishing job, the steel cable having parted over 5000 feet down, thus leaving the tools and 2000 feet of cable in the hole. Mr. John H. Williams (to whose great skill and accomplishments in the art of drilling, aided by the splendid work of his resourceful crew, geology is indebted for the deepest well ever drilled) thinks that he can clear the well of the broken cable and tools, and then sink. the same several hundred feet deeper, even to 8000 feet or more, the only trouble being to find a cable of the right strength and quality, some of them having parted with only a few hours' use. The complete history of this remarkable well is given in the following summary and record prepared by John B. Corrin and John H. Williams:
Introduction.
Statistics Concerning Deep Well Drilled By Hope Natural Gas Company.
Location :
Elevation:
Summary Op Drilling:
On the Martha O. Ooff farm of 620 acres In Simpson District, Harrison County, West Virginia, on the waters of Owens Fork of Booths Creek, miles northeast of the town of Bridgeport, on the the main highway from Fairmont to Olarkshurg, W. Va. Well accurately located on the accompanying topographic sheet.
Location made for well March 3rd, 1916, at a point 1164 feet above sea-level, and 200 feet below the level of tha Pittsburgh seam of coal.
Drilling was commenced April 19, 1916, and on March 4, 1918, a depth of 7386 feet had been reached, thus exceeding by 37 feet the depth of the well hitherto known as "the deepest well in the world," located at Czuchow in Germany. Approximately 400 days have been spent in actual drilling, the remainder of the time the well has been shut down for repairs to rig, boilers, cables, etc., waiting for materials, minor fishing jobs, taking of temperatures, cleaning out cavings from the hole, etc. Fortunately, no serious fishing jobs have been encountered. The last known sand passed in the well was the Bayard Sand, at depth of 2300 to 2310 feet. Following is record of the various formations, and the dates showing progress of the work.
Record:
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet-
Little Dunkard Sand 170 186
Big Dunkard Sand 305 336
Gas Sand 436 446
First Salt Sand 690 816
Second Salt Sand 860 880
Maxton Sand 1025 1040
Little Lime 1183 1194
Pencil Cave 1194 1210
Big Lime 1210 1275
Big Injun Sand 1275 1394
Squaw Sand 1410 1428
Berea Sand 1512 1540
Gantz Sand consolidated with
Fifty-Foot
Fifty-Foot Sand 1748 1885
Thirty-Foot Sand 1900 1980
Gordon Stray Sand 2090 2097
Gordon Sand 2130 2142
Fourth Sand None
Fifth Sand None
Gas at 1253' Water at 1304'
Qas at 1749' and 1757'
5 E
u S
;Xe
'
2S. 1916
Qber 23, 1916 .ry 6. 1917
ary 16, 1917
down 2 months, Irs to rig, sand i, waiting for caetc.
Introduction.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
Slate 6750 6756
Dark slate 6756 6776
Hard sand shells 6775 6780
Black shale 6780 6800
Black slate 6800 6823
Hard lime 6823 6865
Slate and shells 6865 6950
Hard Ume 6960 7067
Lime shells 7057 7069
Hard sand 7069 7071
Hard lime 7069 7076
Lime 7081 . 7093
Hard lime 7093 7097
Hard lime 7097 7110
Slate and shells 7110 7160
Slate 7160 7160
Hard lime 7160 7162
Lime shells 7162 7176
Gritty shells 7176 7190
Slate 7190 7225
Slate 7225 7232
Hard shell 7232 7245
Black slate 7245 7261
Slate and shells 7251 7256
Hard lime 7256 7261
Dark hard lime 7261 7266
Black slate 7266 7280
Hard shells 7280 7282
Slate 7282 7290
Soft slate 7290 729R
Soft black slate 7295 7300
Black slate 7800 7345
Gritty lime 7846 7363
Hard flinty limestone, Cornfferous,
to bottom 7363 7386
July 7, 1917
July 18. 1917
Shut down li months
November 2, 1917 November 16, 1917
December 21, 1917
January 4, 1918
January 18, 1918
Feb. 1 to Mar. 1, 1918, shut down taking temperatures and repairing rig.
March 1-4, 1918.
March 4, 1918, cable parted 2000' above bottom.
''i
1
Sizb Of Hole:
in diameter to depth of 217'. 13" in diameter from 217' to 1238'. 10" in diameter ftom 1238' to 2307'.
8" in diameter from 2307' to 7071'.
6' in diameter from 7071' to present depth.
Casing:
217 feet of 13-inch casing, set in slate. 1238 feet of 10-inch casing, set in Big Lime. 2307 feet of 8-inch casing, set in Bayard Sand. 1666 feet of 6-inch liner, set in well at 5405' to 7071', to protect hole from cavings.
Introduction.
Rig:
Boilers
Engines
Standard (wood), 96 feet high, with 22-ft. base of extra heavy timbers, Bull wheel shaft 24" in diameter, with Bull wheels 10' in diameter, triple tug, having two 10' brake wheels, with 14" brake band on one side, 10" on other side; three sets of bull wheels have been used. Band wheel is 14' in diameter with 13" face, triple tug, carrying belt 18" wide. IBO' in length. Sand reel has 6" steel shaft, with 16" friction and brake wheel, and weighs approximately SOOO lbs., two of these sand reels having been used. Walking Beam is probably the heaviest and largest piece of timber over used for this purpose, with Pitman, connected to the walking beam, also of unusual size and weight Crown Pulley (top of rig) has 7" steel shaft, and weighs 1200 lbs. 46 Standard rig irons were used to depth of 4500 feet, then replaced by special extra heavy rig irons (7V6") which have been used to present depth. Rig has been reinforced and repaired from time to time. All work of erecting and repairing rig has been under the direction of George H. Stanfleld, of Clarksburg, W.' Va., Supeiv intendent of Rig Building for the Hope Natural Gas Company.
One 25 hp. Acme, used from top hole to 4500 feet On 25 hp. Brennen, coupled with the Acme at
4500', the two boilers then being used from 4500' to
7300'. One 25 hp. Acme, put on at 7300', the three boilers
then being used from 7300' to the present depth.
One 12x12 Acme, 25 hp. used from top to 4500.
One 16x16 Oil Well Supply, 80 hp., replaced the Acme at 4500' and has been used from that depth to present time.
Cables :
One second-hand Manilla, 2x700', drilled to 150'.
One second-hand Manilla, 2x700', drilled 150' to 615'.
One new Manilla, 2x2800', drUled 665' to 2290'.
One new Wire, %"x4000', drilled 1070'.
One new tapered Wire, %xlxl%xl%xlO,000' drilled 1220'.
One new tapered Wire, %xlxl%xl%xlO,000', drilled, 525'.
One new tapered Wire, %xlxl%"x7350', drilled 790'.
One new Wire. I"x7000', drilled 32 feet, then used 48 days on cleaning out work.
One new Wire tapered, %xlxl%xlO,000', used one day, broke, and was fished out of well.
One second-hand Wire, l"x5000', used one day.
One second-hand Wire, l"x7000', used one day.
Tools
To Whom Credit Is Due:
This long follows, begin above the mou
Pittsburgh C Conemaugh Allegheny . Pottsvllle . . Mauch Chut Mountain Limestoi "Big Injun/' "Berea" Catslcill, CO nango Oi to base Oil San< Chemung Sh ing *'El Speechlc (Benson Oil San< Portage bed Genesee 31a Hamilton am Oorniferous
The great or the measur of the Cornifei
INTRODUCTION. Ixi
expected increase in these strata from the region of the Geary well southward. This thickening is shown graphically by contours on the accompanying map (figure 24) and table of thicknesses (figure 25) at the several borings to which reference has been made. The records also show that while the GofF well is 138 feet deeper than the Geary well, yet the latter owing to this great thickening southward penetrated the geologic formations to a depth of about 1200 feet farther than the GofF, while the Seiberling well (in which the "Clinton" or Medina Sand was struck at 3500 feet or 1240 feet below the top of the Corniferous Limestone) had passed through the geologic column near Akron several hundred feet farther at 3749 feet, its total depth, than had the Geary well at 7248 feet, although the Seiberling well started only (1622 — 385) 1237 feet geologically below the Geary well, the base of the Berea Grit coming at 385 feet in the former and 1622 feet in the latter. Hence in figuring the depth to Ohio's Clinton Sand at any locality in western Pennsylvania, West Virginia, or southern Ohio, this thickening of the Upper Devonian Shales must be taken into account.
Fossil Life from the Goff WelL
Several samples of the rock materials brought up by the bailer from great depths in the Goff well were preserved by the drilling crelv and Superintendent Williams. These, including the larger chips of slate, etc., were submitted to the geologists and paleontologists of the U. S. Geological Survey, at Washington, D. C, for careful examination and study. To Mr. Chas. Butts, Geologist on this Survey, was delegated the task of examining the same and reporting thereon, and the following interesting communication from Mr. Butts to the State Geologist describes what he found of marine life in these deeply buried sediments :
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INTRODUCTION. Ixiii
"Department Op The Interior United States Geological. Survey
Washington
April 22, 1918.
"Dr. I. C. White, State Geologist,
Morgantown, West Virginia. Dear Doctor White:
Samples of black shale from the Goft well have yielded the following fossils:
Depth, 7.187 feet Styliola flssurella.
Depth, 7,285 feet Styliola flssurella.
Depth, 7,290 feet Fragments of brachiopod shell agreeing
well with Lelorhynchus llmitaris. Styliola flssurella.
Conodont probably a form of Polygnathus dubius. Fragment suggestive of Pharetrella.
Depth 7,350 feet Small shell that Mr. Ulrich thinks may
be an Estheria. Plenty in a few fragments of black limestone. While this seems likely to be a small Crustacean, the ornamentation does not agree with that of the described species from the Hamilton, ESstherla pulex or SchizodiscuB caps.
Depth. 7,355 feet Styliola flssurella.
Probably the black shale is Marcellus or Marcellus and Hamilton (Romney)- "Sincerely yours, (Signed) "CHAS. BUTTS, Geologist."
Mr. Butts correctly diagnosed the shale in which the fossil animals occur at 7187 to 7355 as the Marcellus Black Shale of the New York geologic column, since the underlying Corniferous Limestone with its characteristic flint deposits or concretions was identified by the writer at a depth of 7363 feet, a splendid proof of the harmony of paleontology and stratigraphy as well as the wide distribution of the same life forms and to the wonderful persistency of sedimentary and lithologic characteristics over thousands of square miles of the earth's surface.
Temperature Measurements.
The first fairly accurate measurements of temperature in the deep borings of the Appalachian region were made during the year 1890 in a well on Boggs Run in the Ohio Valley, near Wheeling, West Virginia, by the late Wm. B. Hallock,
Ixiv INTRODUCTION.
Professor of Physics at Columbia University. By observations in near-by coal mines and from other data, Prof. Hallock reached the conclusion that the mean annual surface temperature at the Boggs Run well was 51.3° F., while he found a temperature of 110.3° F. at 4500 feet, thus agreeing very closely with the results given in the present discussion by Van Orstrand at the Geary (110.5° at 4600'), the Baxter Poling (110.8° at 4500), and the J. H. Lake well (114.4° at 4500'). A few years later, Prof. Hallock also took temperature tests in the deep (5575') well drilled by the late W. J. Young of the Forest Oil Company on the land of Wm. Bedell near West Elizabeth, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. In this boring Prof. Hallock found the following temperatures at the corresponding depths :
Depths in
Temperatures In
Feet.
The above results, except at 2252' where a natural gas flow materially lowered the temperature, are in fair agreement with the other measurements given in this Chapter.
The West Virginia Geological Survey is very fortunate in being able to give to the scientific world the following very important contribution to our knowledge of underground temperatures in a portion of the Appalachian province that in all except one locality (Volcano) has not been materially affected by movements of the strata since their deposition.
The temperature at 4250 feet in the Volcano well; viz, 113.1° F., is practically the same as found in the Geary well at 4850 feet (113.2° F.), and only 1.1° lower than in the Goff well at 5000 feet (114.2° F.). These results suggest the possibility of higher earth temperatures in steeply folded regions,
Gas at 227'.
Hallock, W., Subterranean Temperatures at Wheeling, W. Va., and Pittsburgh, Pa., Schools of Mines Quarterly, Vol, 18, pp. 148 to 154; Jan. 1897.
INTRODUCTION. Ixv
since the Volcano well is near the crest of the Volcano anticlinal with dips of to on each side of the same. Before this deep drilling campaign is finished by the Hope and Peoples Natural Gas Companies, it may be possible to have other wells than the Volcano tested by Mr. Van Orstrand in a region of steeply folded strata.
These very interesting determinations of earth temperatures, and illuminating discussion of methods, instruments, etc., by Mr. C. E. Van Orstrand, Physical Geologist of the U. S. Geological Survey, we owe to the cooperation and courtesy of Dr. Geo. Otis Smith, the distinguished Director of that Survey. The simple device of rapidly and accurately measuring the depths of deep well borings described and illustrated in Mr. Van Orstrand's contribution should prove a great boon to the oil and gas fraternity in not only securing greater accuracy but in the saving of much valuable time.
The following is a copy of the letter from Dr. Geo. Otis Smith, Director of the U. S. Geological Survey, in transmitting the results of Mr. Van Orstrand's work on deep well temperatures and other measurements :
"Department Op The Interior United States Geological Survey
WASHINGTON Office of The Director May 8, 1918.
Dr. I. C. White, State Geologist,
Morgantown, West Virginia. "Dear Doctor White:
"On the eve of his departure for Texas, in response to a sudden call, Mr. Van Orstrand transmitted the accompanying manuscript and illustrations describing 'Apparatus for the Measurement of Temperatures in Deep Wells, and Temperature Determinations in some deep wells in Pennsylyania and West Virginia,' with the request that permission be granted for transmitting the material to you for publication. "In the absence of Mr. Van Orstrand, it gives me pleasure to forward his report, which is essentially cooperative. You will find the report constitutes a valuable contribution to the knowledge of deep well conditions, although it covers the initial stage only of Mr. Van Orstrand's observations.
"At several points Mr. Van Orstrand has left blanks which you, through your familiarity with the organization of the operating companies, will probably have no difficulty in filling.
"Very truly yours, (Signed) "GEO. OTIS SMITH, Director."
Introduction.
Apparatus For The Measurement Of Temper-
Atures In Deep Wells, And Temperature
Determinations In Some Deep
Wells In Pennsylvania
And West Virginia.
By C. E. Van Orstrand.
Historical Note. — Nearly all of the deep earth temperature measurements have been made with mercury thermometers, which, in the case of non-flowing wells, have been lowered into the wells by means of a rope, steel wire, or some part of the well-drilling machinery. The oldest type of maximum thermometer, invented before 1790 by John Rutherford, consists of the usual mercury the;rmometer with a steel index which floats on top of the expanding mercury column. When the column contracts, the index adheres to the walls of the capillary tube. A magnet is used to bring the index to a lower level. In the Phillips or Walferdin type, the steel index is replaced by a short column of mercury, separated from the main column by a bubble of air. The most useful maximum thermometer, the Negretti and Zamba type, contains a constriction in the capillary tube just above the bulb. Mercury is easily forced past the constriction during expansion, but considerable jolting is required to return the mercury to the bulb on account of the thread being disconnected at the constriction when the bulb is cooled. In a modified form of this thermometer the bulb is placed by the side of the stem, the constriction is near
Published by permission of the Director of the United States Geological Survey.
INTRODUCTION. Ixvil
the top of the bend, and the graduations read upward from the lower end of the inverted stem. Thermometers of the kind just described are oftentimes enclosed in sealed glass tubes which are capable of withstanding a hydrostatic pressure of two or more tons per square inch. The tube generally contains alcohol or mercury to facilitate thermal conduction to the bulb, and the thermometers are mounted in cork rings to prevent collision with the walls of the tube. An overflow thermometer, the earth thermometer of Magmus, has been used quite extensively in Germany. In this type of instrument, a glass bulb which terminates in a capillary is enclosed in a sealed tube, both the tube and the bulb being partly filled with mercury. The bulb and its capillary are tjot attached to the sealed tube, but are capable of an upward and downward motion. The instrument is read by heating in a bath until the mercury overflows from the bevelled end of the capillary when the temperature of the bath is read with an ordinary thermometer. Mercury is returned to the bulb by again heating to the point of overflow and then inverting the thermometer in the air. The cooling of the bulb draws the mercury upward through the capillary and into the bulb.
The first report (1868) of the committee appointed by the British Association for the Advancement of Science for the investigation of underground temperatures contains a suggestion by Kelvin that a thermo-couple of iron and copper could be used to determine earth temperatures. In the following year, Kelvin succeeded in determining temperatures to a depth of 347 feet in the Blythswood drilled well. The method of measurement consisted in lowering one junction of the thermo-couple into the well while the other junction was heated or cooled by means of a bath of known temperature until a galvanometer showed no deflection. In the report of the committee for the year 1877, the possible electrical methods were indicated to be:
Siemens resistance thermometer.
Wheatstone telegraphic thermometer.
Becquerel's thermo-electric apparatus.
Ixviii INTRODUCTION.
Very little progress has been made in the application of these suggestions. Rambaut and others have used the electrical resistance thermometer at small depths with great skill and exceptional success. Puluj* used a so-called telethermometer in a 427-foot drilled well at Sauerbrunnen. The measuring apparatus is a differential resistance thermometer consisting of a carbon thread and a spiral iron wire of 163.28 and 26.584 ohms resistance, respectively. The two ends of these wires and the return lead are attached to platinum wires which are fused into the walls of a thin glass tube 21 centimeters long and 0.8 centimeter in diameter. The glass tube enclosing the thermometer is filled with hydrogen. Resistances were measured with a Wheatstone bridge. In his measurements of mine temperatures at Bendigo, Australia, Jenkins* used two platinum coils, one of which was heated in a bath of known temperature. A balanced condition of the Wheatstone bridge was indicated by a Compton reflecting galvanometer; The most recent application of electrical methods to the measurement of deep earth temperatures has been made by Johnston*! and Adams. They determined temperatures to a depth of 2500 feet in a drilled well (C. .H. Hibbs No. 4, South Penn Oil Co.) near Mannington, West Virginia. The bridge and galvanometer of the measuring apparatus were of a temporary character. A nickel resistance thermometer was used. The resistance of the coil was 250 ohms, consequently the temperature coefficient was about cne ohm per degree centigrade. The coil was enclosed in a brass tube 1 centimeter in diameter and 30 centimeters in
'Rambaut, A. A., Underground temperature at Oxford in the year 1899, as determined by five platinum resistance thermometers: Roy. Soc. London Phllos. Trans., Vol. 195-A, pp. 235-238, 1909.
Callender, N. L., and McLeod, C. H., Observations of soil temperatures with electrical resistance thermometers : Roy. Soc. Canada Proc. and Trans., Vol. 2, 2d ser., pp. 109-126. 1896.
Heath, Thomas, Observations of the Edinburgh rock thermometers: Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Trans., Vol. 40, pp. 167-187, 1906.
"Puluj, J., Ueber die Temperatur-messungen in Bohrloche zu Sauerbrunn in Bohmen: Elektrotech. Zeitschr., Vol. 11, pp. 684-686,
Jenkins, H. S., Rock temperatures and the rate of increase with increased depths in Victoria: Australian Assoc. Adv. Sci., Vol. 9, pp. 309-318, 1902.
British Assoc. Adv. Science Rept , pp. 51-55, 1904.
Johnston, J., and Adams, L. H., On the measurement of temperature in bore-holes: Econ. Geology, Vol. XI, No. 3, pp. 741-762, 1916.
PLATE XLVIII.— Metal Framea and ConUlners for Haxlmum Tbermometera.
INTRODUCTION. Ixix
length. The tube containing the thermometer was filled with fusible alloy. This thermometer proved to be satisfactory, but Johnston and Adams are of the opinion that a thermo-couple possesses sufficient advantages over the resistance thermometer to justify its use.
Apparatus for use with mercury thermometers. — Both the direct and inverted types of maximum thermometer manufactured by H. J. Green, Brooklyn, N. Y., have been used. The diameter of the stem is 5-6 millimeters. The scale is subdivided into single degrees over a length of 14-16 millimeters between the limits 0 and C, or 32 and 212" F. The latter scale is somewhat more convenient for field work.
Three thermometers of the direct type and two of the inverted type are supported in metal frames (2 by 24 centimeters) of heavy brass wire and thin copper tubes, as shown respectively by photographs (b) and (c), Plate XLVIII. The copper tubes are soldered to the brass plates (p). Each tube is split over the lower half and then contracted before the thermometer is put in position. Cotton is forced into the ends of the tubes and pressed against the ends of the thermometers as a further prevention of vertical oscillations. This simple device suffices to hold the thermometers with sufficient firmness. It possesses a .minimum weight and enables the operator to adjust at the same time the mercury in all of the thermometers of a single set. Readings were taken with a thermometer reading telescope manufactured by Bausch and Lomb. It was readily adapted to the thermometers in the frame by removing the clamp and cutting V-shaped notches in the bottom of the tube.
The metal frames (b), (c) may be used in either of the bombs or containers (a), (d) Plate XLVIII. Bomb (a) consists of a thin brass tube with wire screen at the bottom of the tube, and also in the top of the brass cover which screws on at the upper end of the tube. A small piece of cotton is placed between the wire screen in the cover and the upper surface of the metal frame (b), or (c), to prevent oscillations of the thermometer within the bomb. One or more bombs of this kind were wrapped in wire screen and placed within the bailer
Ixx INTRODUCTION. .
at its upper end. Bomb (d) may be attached to wires or cables of small diameter passing longitudinally through its center by means of clamp (g) which presses the wire between the slots in the two screws shown at the bottom of the photograph. The covers at the ends of the tube are identical, except that the lower one is screwed into position and soldered to the tube. V - shaped openings in plates (p) permit the wire to pass through the center of the frames (b), (c). This bomb is 2 centimeters inside diameter and about 30 centimeters in total length. Its weight, including three thermometers and the supporting frames, is about l.S pounds. The weight could be reduced to 1 pound without undue sacrifice of safety. It will be noted that the two capped nuts remain in position when clamp (g) is removed. This is an important advantage in field work, as it enables the operator to remove the bombs from the wire quickly and without danger of losing the parts. The symmetrical arrangement of the bomb is an important feature in the elimination of impacts, for a bomb of this type will tend to slide along the inner wall of the casing.
It is convenient in handling thermometers in the field to have several brass tubes each sealed at one end with a metal cylinder of sufficient weight to cause the tube to stand vertically when partially submerged in ice water. The thermometers are thus kept dry and always remain in a vertical position. In handling maximum thermometers, the operator must continually guard against errors due to placing them in an inclined position.
For depths not exceeding 3260 feet, the thermometers were lowered into the wells by means of a No. 20 B. and S. gauge steel piano wire, operated by means of a reel and depthmeasuring device mounted upon a steel supporting frame. The reel is 11 inches outside diameter, 6 inches inside diameter, 1.5 inches between plates, and has a carrying capacity of 10,000 feet of No. 20 wire. The depth-measuring device consists of a grooved brass wheel, the diameter at the bottom of the groove (7.607 inches) being such that the wheel makes one turn for each 2 feet of No. 20 B. and S. American gauge wire that is lowered into the well. The combination of reel and recording wheel on a single frame proved to be somewhat un-
INTRODUCTION. Ixxi
satisfactory on account of the difficulty of coiling the wire on the reel. The arrangement of parts shown in Plates LI and LII is more satisfactory as it enables the operator to place the reel at any convenient distance from the recording wheel.
A convenient method of lowering thermometers into the well by means of a sand line was suggested to me by Mr. Charles Welch of the Hope Natural Gas Company. The bailer is disconnected and the sand line threaded through one length of 1.25-inch wrought iron pipe.. A loop in the end of the sand line is formed by forcing the end of the line into the lower end of the pipe. A tin tube (2 by 36 inches, Plate L-c) containing one or two sets of maximum thermometers (Plate L-b) is then attached to the loop by means of 8 or 10 feet of light weight wire cable. The bombs are held in position by means of strings attached to the upper and lower ends of the tube. Four wires on the side of the tube, and two rings of cloth, such as lamp wick, placed near the top and bottom of each bomb, serve to eliminate transverse shocks.
The depth recorder shown in Plate IL is used when the thermometers are lowered into the well by means of a sand line. It consists of a wheel of brass or cast iron whose circumference is 2 feet, diameter 7.639 inches, mounted between two metal bars, (}i by ]}i by 18 inches). The distance between the bars, about 2 inches, is just sufficient to permit the wheel to turn freely. The bars are attached to a board (Ij/i by 8 by 18 inches) by means of a joint consisting of a j4-inch bolt, 4 inches in length, passing through the lower ends of the bars, and a metal block which is attached firmly to the board. In operation it is only necessary to mount the board on a heavy wooden block and fix it to the floor at such a distance that the bars make an angle of about 45 with the horizontal when the sand line is in contact with the recording wheel. Depths are recorded by means of a Star No. 7 revolution counter*, mounted on one of the bars as shown at (a) Plate TL. The counter is operated by two metal pins (b) Plate IL.
Apparatus for use with an electrical resistance thermometer.— The reel and depth-measuring device are shown in Plates
'Manufactured by Veeder Manufacturing Co., Hartford, Conn.
Ixxii INTRODUCTION.
LI and LII. The reel is 14 inches outside diameter, 6.5 inches inside diameter, and the distance between the plates is 6 inches. The total weight of the reel and steel supporting frame is 41 pounds. The brake consists of two pieces of steel tape encircling wooden blocks on each side of the reel. In operation, a small weight is attached to the end of the brake handle, thus applying the brake so as to require a small force applied to thie handles to lower the wire or cable into the well. The advantage of this method of procedure consists in the fact that vertical oscillations are readily detected and dame4 before resulting in injury to the line. Three sockets for the insertion of electrical plugs are shown on the side of the reel just above the handle. The reel is held in position at any desired depth by inserting the ratchet (a) in the notches on the circumference of the plates. Dimensions of the reel and depth-measuring device are shown in Plates LI and LII. The latter consists of the usual grooved wheel and revolution counter; total weight including the steel frame, 10 pounds. Elliptical blocks of wood are attached to the cable at intervals of 100 or more feet by means of four small bolts. The cap nuts on the bolts are of the same type as (g) Plate XLVIII (d). It is important that details of this kind permit of quick and easy adjustment, otherwise valuable time is lost in manipulation.
The two pieces of apparatus just described are transported in .wooden boxes. No adjustments or connections are necessary other than the attachment of the apparatus to the floor which is accomplished by means of steel pins driven mto the floor and connected to the steel frame by means of rods and turn buckles, one of which is shown in Plate LI. The electrical measuring apparatus is mounted on a board, as shown in Plate LIII, and is transported in the box containing the depth-measuring apparatus.
The cable consists of one No. 20 high tensile strength, untinned steel aviator wire, and two No. 21 enamelled copper wires; outside diameter 3.3 millimeters, breaking load 200 pounds, total weight about 15 pounds per 1000 feet. Enamel was put on the steel wire by the manufacturer, Mr. A. F. Moore of Philadelphia. The result was not entirely satisfactory on
PLATE LI.— Reel for Electric Cable.
INTRODUCTION. Ixxiu
account of the enamel failing to adhere in spots. There was a slight diminution of the breaking load due to annealing during the enamelling process. Each of the three wires was inclosed in a double thickness of cloth insulation used by the U. S. Signal Service on buzzer wire. The three wires were then cabled and inclosed in a stout braid, the whole being thoroughly saturated in a moisture repelling compound. Natural oil ultimately dissolves all the insulating compounds with which I have experimented ; consequently it is necessary from time to time to return the cable to the manufacturer for resaturation.
Nickel resistance thermometers are satisfactory but I have used a platinum thermometer of the quick acting type manufactured by Leeds and Northrup, Philadelphia. It has a resistance of 252.30 ohms at C, consequently a variation of about one ohm per degree centigrade. The thermometer and the brass frame in which it is mounted are shown in Plate L (a). Details showing the connection of the cable with the electrical resistance thermometer will be given in a subsequent publication. A bomb containing three mercury thermometers (Plate L-a) is attached just below the resistance thermometer to a bronze cable about 10 feet in length and carrying at its lower end an elliptical brass weight 1J4 inches in diameter by 12 inches in length. The mercury thermometers are sometimes useful for the purpose of obtaining an independent check on the electrical measurements.
Plate LIII shows the arrangement of the different pieces of apparatus contained in the Wheatstone bridge; (a) is a damping key for the galvanometer, and (c) is a battery reversing key. The comparison arm of the bridge consists of a Leeds and Northrup dial resistance box (d) which is capable of comparing resistances to 0.1 ohm. The ratio arms, inclosed within the resistance box, were selected to give the greatest sensitiveness. It was found by experiment that the required resistance was about 300 ohms. The galvanometer (b) is of the Leeds and Northrup portable type with a sensitiveness of one scale division for 1/28,000,000 of an ampere. The galvanometer was found to be sufficiently sensitive when used with two dry cells (e). Three volts gave a sensitiveness of
Ixxiv INTRODUCTION.
about four scale divisions for a change of 0.1 ohm in the dial resistance of the Wheatstone bridge. This sensitiveness sufficed to take readings to 0.01 of an ohm, or approximately
o.or c.
Suggestions in regard to methods of measuring temperatures in deep wells. — Maximum theremometers are not entirely satisfactory for temperature measurements. In the first place, it is practically impossible to obtain correct readings when riie temperature to be measured is lower than that of the air at higher levels, unless the extra precaution is taken of imbedding the thermometers in wax or paraffin. Another troublesome source of error is due to impacts and oscillations encountered in removing thermometers from the well. I experienced no difficulty in raising or lowering thermometers with a piano wire, but errors of this kind may be serious when the sand line is used. Perhaps the most unfortunate feature of this kind of error is the fact that it may not be discovered; the readings of three thermometers in a bomb may agree among themselves, although the average result is seriously in error. Another serious disadvantage in the use of the maximum thermometer is the unknown time required for it to acquire the temperature at a given point. Ordinarily an exposure of one hour is required. No definite rule can be given, however, as the required time evidently depends on the temperature at depth and the temperature of the apparatus when it enters the well.
My tests in the field have proved the superiority of the electrical resistance thermometer for depths not exceeding 3000 feet. The time required for the thermometer shown in Plate L (a) to acquire a correct temperatuie is about 20 minutes when readings are taken at intervals of 100 feet. A reduction in weight of the metal frame in which the thermometer is mounted may reduce the required time to IS or possibly 10 minutes; a further reduction seems doubtful. A thermo-couple would of course be free from this objection, but the necessity of using an ice point renders this type of instrument impracticable for general service in isolated fields.
For depths not exceeding 4000 or possibly 4500 feet, I suggest an electric cable consisting of two No. 20 enamelled steel
Introduction. Ixxv
aviator wires and two No. 21 enamelled copper wires; each wire to be insulated and cabled as explained in the preceding pages. A cable of this description would lave a diameter of 2i.bout 5 millimeters; a total carrying capacity of about 400 pounds, and a weight of from 20 to 25 pounds per 1000 feet. It could be lowered into the well by means of hand operated machinery of the type shown in Plates LI and LII ; the only modification required would be a slight enlargement of the 1 eel and possibly the* attachment of a cog gearing to the steel frame. The apparatus shown in Plate LII could be used to measure depths with cables of any diameter by merely attaching to the steel frame a flat rimmed wheel like the one shown in Plate IL. The various pieces of measuring apparatus shown in Plate LIII could of course be combined into a single instrument
The use of electrical apparatus in wells exceeding 4500 feet in depth is probably prohibited by the expense of construction and manipulation of the cable. The best method of procedure in this case appears to be to use the apparatus shown in Plates L-b and L-c in connection with the depth recorder, Plate IL, and sand line as previously exiled. The best results are obtained with two sets of three thermometers, one set being inverted. Agreement of tiie readings in the two sets is generally a sufficient criterion for accuracy. The chief difficulties thus far encountered in this method of measurement is caused by impulses transmitted to the sand line from the engine and impacts caused by the slipping of the coils of the sand line on the reel. An attempt is being made to devise a shock arrester for the purpose of overcoming these defects. Thermometers of the inverted type, Plate XLVIII-c, may prove to be satisfactory. I have not used them sufficiently to justify comparison with the direct type when used in both the direct and inverted position.
The depth recorder, Plate IL, is superior to the steel tape in all of the essential features, namely, safety, durability, accuracy, and simplicity in construction and operation. An error of 0.01 inch in the diameter produces an error of about 15 inches per 1000 feet of measured length. Almost any required degree of accuracy can be obtained by properly stand-
Ixxvi INTRODUCTION.
ardizing the wheel. A small correction should be applied for thermal expansion of the line when measurements of the very highest precision are made. Repeated tests prove that the sand line does not slip on the rim of the wheel. It is good practice in operating the recorder to pass the sand line through a V-shaped notch in a board which is tacked lightly to the floor.
Remarks on the data of observation. — My first observations are summarized in Tables 1 to 4 inclusive, and represented graphically in Figure 27. All of these observations were made with sets of three thermometers, each set being attached to a No. 20 B. & S. gauge steel piano wire by means of brass containers of the type shown in Plate XLVIII (d).
Plots of the depth-temperature curves in Figure 27 show clearly some of the anomalies produced by escaping gas. Well E. D. Ice No. 2 yielded a small quantity of oil but was practically free from gas. Its depth-temperature curve is, therefore, a good standard for comparison. The extended curve passes near the points representing the temperatures at the lowest points in wells Hibbs No. 4 and Blackshire No. 14. The rate of temperature increase deduced by the method of least squares from the entire curve thus extended is 1° F. in 91.3 feet.
A flow of gas from the depths 2218-32 feet in the Hibbs v/ell was discharged into a pipe-line which was closed during the period of observation. No explanation is offered for the slight drop in this region of the depth-temperature curve. The depression is apparently independent of the gas flow, for observations made by Johnston and Adams during the three days immediately following the closing of the pipe-line are in close agreement with my observations which were made from four to six days after the line had been closed. The abrupt changes which occur in the vicinity of 3044 feet are due to the expansion of a very small quantity of gas which entered the well at this point and escaped slowly into the atmosphere at mouth of the well. Assuming the computed curve of the exnded E. D. Ice well No. 2 to represent normal temperatures this region, the reduction in temperature due to expansion
Op. cit.
INTRODUCTION. IxxVli
ot gas at the depth of 3044 feet is 5.9"* F. The entire curve from the point of maximum gas flow (3044 feet) to the surface appears to be too low.
The observations by Johnston and Adams are represented in Figure 27 by a dotted line. Our observations are in close agreement over the interval from 1000 to 2500 feet, the lowest level at which they obtained a temperature record, but small differences occur between the 1000-foot point and the surface. My observations were made when the surface temperature was abnormally high. Three sets of reading at the 100-foot point gave the results :
13.8" C 12.3'* C 12. C
the respective time intervals being 1.50, 1.75, and 2.00 hours. I infer from the difficulty experienced in returning the mercury to the thermometer bulbs; also from the general trend of the depth-temperature curve, that the last reading, 12° C. is too high. The value, 13.36° C. obtained by Johnston and Adams, implies a variation of more than 5° F. in the annual temperature at a depth of 100 feet and a penetration of the annual wave to a depth of at least 300 feet. Good observations beneath approximately level surfaces prove that the annual wave disappears at depths ranging from 50 to 100 feet. Some allowance should be made for the slope of the ground, but it seems to me to be rather improbable that this will suffice to explain the large variation of 5° F. I obtained results of a similar character with an electrical resistance thermometer in the 10-inch pipe of the Volcano well. The observed values are represented by the dotted line in Figure 38. Subsequent observations with maximum thermometers, exposed for a period of 8 or more hours in a 6-inch pipe, gave results which, when plotted, practically coincided with points on a continuation of the straight line representing the observations at the lower levels.
The effects of cooling and convection are shown clearly
IxXViii INTRODUCTION.
in wells C. D. Morgan No. 6 and J. R. Blackshire No. 14. Gas entered the Morgan well at a depth of 1985 feet and was discharged into a pool formed by oil which entered the well at a depth of 1990 feet. The daily discharge of gas into the atmosphere at the time the observations were made was estimated to be 40,000 cubic feet. The reduction in temperature obtained by comparison with E. D. Ice well No. 2 is 3.6 F. Similarly, the reduction in temperature due to the daily discharge of 567,750 cubic feet of gas at a depth of 2930 feet in the Blackshire well is 8.4® F. The temperature is again reduced by a discharge of 431,040 cubic feet of gas at a depth of 2560 feet, but the combined effect of these two discharges does not suffice to offset the increment in temperature at the higher levels due to friction and convection. The combined effects of friction and convection are further shown by comparison of the surface temperatures obtained by interpolation from the observed values at 250 and 500 feet, with the mean annual temperature of 51.9° F. at Manhington. The results are:
Blackshire No. 14 Temperature at surface 57 . 8T. Increment-f5 .9' P.
Morgan No. 6 Temperature at surface 54 . 1 Increment -i-2 . 2
Ice No. 2 Temperature at surface 52 . Increment-f 0 .
Kibbs No. 4 Temperature at surfaceSl.e" Increment — 0.8°
Hibbs No. 4 Temperature at surface 62 . 3 " Increment -|-0 . 4'
My observations in the Hibbs well show a reduction of 0.3° F. in temperature at the surface, whereas the observations by Johnston and Adams show an increase of F. It is impossible to deduce a definite conclusion from these observations as tht mouth of the Hibbs well is probably about 350 feet (figure 28) above the Weather Bureau station at Mannington. The mean annual temperature at Fairmont is 53.3 F. ; at Morgantown 53.2** F. Thre can be no question, therefore, in regard to the increase in temperature at points near the surface in the Morgan and Blackshire wells.
Tables 5 and 6 contain the results of observation with an electrical resistance thermometer in well C. D. Morgan No. 7 and well E. T. Price No. 9. (See figures 29 and 30.) Oil in
"Glimatologlcal data for the United States by sections: XJ. S. Dept. Agr. Weather Bur., Vol. 22, No. 13, 1916.
INTRODUCTION. Ixxix
considerable quantity was pumped from the depths 2875 and 2888 feet in the Morgan well. A small quantity of gas entered the well at or near the same points. The upper curve represents readings taken when the oil had risen to a height of about 400 feet from the bottom of the well. The reduction in temperature at the approximate level of the oil surface is F. From a point near the surface of the oil to a depth of about 200 feet in the oil, the increase in temperature is only 0.06® F. The lower curve represents readings taken after the well had been bailed. The slight diminution in temperature is no doubt due to the increased flow of gas. The total observed reduction in temperature from the points of entrance of the oil and gas at 2875 and 2888 feet, to the oil surface at 2450 feet is F. The normal temperature at a depth of 2888 feet, deduced from the record of Ice well No. 2, is 85.1° F., or 1.9° F. higher than the observed rock temperature at this depth.
Drilling had been discontinued a few days before observations were begun in the Price well. In the meantime a shallow pool of oil had collected in the bottom of the well. Gas escaped into the atmosphere in volume just sufficient to be visible in sunlight. The observed temperature of the oil, 83.14° F. at depth of 2960 feet, is 2.9° F. lower than the corresponding rock temperature computed from the assumed standard curve in this region, and 0.05° F. lower than the temperature of the oil at a depth of 2888 feet in the Morgan well.
The results of temperature observations in the deep well ;iear McDonald, 15 miles southwest of Pittsburgh, Pa., are summarized in Table 7. The observations were made with two sets of maximum thermometers of the type shown in Plate XLVIII. One set of thermometers was attached at a distance of 100, the other at 350 feet from the lower end of the bailer. This method of procedure proved to be rather unsatisfactory. Depths were measured with the recorder shown in Plate IL. The rapid increase in temperature above the enormous volume of water at 6520 feet is significant. A depression of the curve in this region is due to gas which enters the well at a depth of 6530 feet. From this point to the bottom, the rocks were apparently cooled
Ixxx Introduction.
by descending water which had already been cooled by expanding gas. Water was bailed from the well each morning before the observations were begun. Its natural level is about 2000 feet from the surface of the ground.
Tables 8 to 13, inclusive, contain temperature observations and well records of 6 deep wells in the vicinity of Glarksburg, W. Va. Drilling had generally been discontinued temporarily for several days preceding the observations. Results tabulated to hundredths of a degree were obtained with an electrical resistance thermometer. All other values are records from maximum thermometers of the type shown in Plate XLVIII and attached to the sand line as explained on page Ixxi. Depths were measured with the recorder previously described.
Observations at the Lake and Volcano wells show that the temperature of water in the bailer is largely a matter of accident; it may be a few degrees higher or lower than the temperature of the rocks at the bottom of the well. The small undulations in the curve of the Lake well are due to accidental errors of observations. Preference should be given to the higher points. Small abrupt changes in the curves of the Goff, Robinson, and Baxter Poling wells are caused by small influxes of gas. In general, however, the curves rise with wonderful regularity from a temperature near the surface corresponding to the mean annual temperature at the point, to a much higher temperature at the bottom of the well. In the case of the Goff well, the total increment from 100 to 7310 feet is 102.7** F. ; and the maximum deviation from an average curve does not exceed 0.4 or F.
Comparison with observations of temperature in other wells of exceptional depth. — In order of depth, the three deepest wells of the world are Geary (7248 feet), Czuchow, Germany (7348 feet), and Goff (7386 feet). A temperature of 182.1° F. was recorded at a depth of 7287 feet in the Czuchow well. Unfortunately, this record is of little value as
"Michael R., Temperaturemessungen in Czuchow Im Oherschleisien: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft, Zeitschrift, Bd. XLI, pp. 410-414, 1909; Neues Jahrbuch fur Minerologle II, pp. 378-379,
Michael, R., und Qultzow, W-, Temperature im tiefbohrloch Czuchow II. Centralhl. f. Min., No. 2, pp. 43-45, 1912.
Introduction. Ixxxi
the range of errors in portions of the curve are of the order of magnitude of 10® F., and for points near the surface, comparison with the mean annual temperature of about 46.0° F., shows that the curve in this region is about 25° F. too high. Another important temperature record was obtained in a well of less depth (6573 feet) at Paruschowitz,® not far distant from Czuchow. The observed points fall approximately on a straight line, but in this case also, comparison with the mean annual temperature (about 46.5° F.) shows that the observations at points near the surface are probably too high, the errors ranging in magnitude from 5° to 8° F. If this correction is applied throughout the entire curve, the results do not differ greatly from those obtained at Volcano. Observations to a depth of 5630 feet in a well at Schladebach, near Leipzig, appear to be trustworthy. The results do not differ materially from those given in this paper, or from those published a number of years ago by Prof. Hallock.
Summary and some general conclusions. — Observations of temperatures in six deep wells in the vicinity of Manningtou, West Virginia, were made primarily for the purpose of testing apparatus which had been constructed for deep well in-
"Henrich, F., Uber die Temperatur verhaltnisse im den Bohrloch Paruschowitz V. Zeitschrift fur Praktische Geologie 12, pp. 316-320,
Report on underground temperatures: British Assoc. Adv. Sci., pp. 64-71, 1901.
Underground temperatures in the Paruschowitz No. 5 Boring, Germany: Inst. Min. Eng. Trans., Vol. 27, pp. 592-593, 1903-4.
"Dunker, E., Ueber die Temperatur-Beobachtungen im Bohrloche zu Schladebach: Neues Jahrb., Vol. I, pp. 29-47, 1889.
Ko brick: Ueber Messungen der Erd-Temperatur im der Bohrlochern zu Schladebach und Sennewitz: Zeitschr, Berg-Hutten-u. Salinenwesen Preuss. St., Vol. 37, pp. 171-190, 1889.
Report on underground temperature: British Assoc. Adv. Sci., pp. 35-40, 1889.
**Hallock, W., Subterranean temperatures at Wheeling, West Virginia, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: School of Mines Quart. Vol. 18, pp. 148-154, Jan. 1897.
Underground temperatures at great depths: Am. Jour, Sci., 4th ser.. Vol. 154, p. 76, 1897.
Preliminary report of observations at the deep well. Wheeling,. West Virginia: Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser.. Vol. 43, pp. 234-236, 1892; Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Proe., Vol. 40, pp. 257-259, Aug. 1891.
U. S. Geol. Survey Thirteenth Ann. Rept, pt. 1, pp. 95-97. 1891-92; Fourteenth Ann. Rept, pt. 1, pp. 159-160, 1892-93.
Ixxxii INTRODUCTION.
vestigations. Incidentally, some information has been obtained on the cooling produced by flowing oil and gas. It appears from these limited observations that a flow of 567,750 cubic feet of gas per day from a depth of 2930 feet, may not lower the temperature at the point of inflow by more than F. ; on the other hand, a small flow from a depth of 3044 feet, just sufficient to be visible in sunlight, lowers the temperature to the extent of about F. The effects produced above the point of inflow are dependent upon friction, convection, and conduction ; consequently, the resulting temperature may be a few degrees higher or lower than the normal rock temperature.
Several of the wells penetrate coal seams. There appears to be no well-defined evidence of extraneous heat, either above or below the seams.
Theoretically, the depth-temperature curve should be either a straight line or a curve with a slight convexity toward che axis of temperatures. Curves shown in figures 27, 29, and 30 conform in a general way to this requirement, but the convexity is apparently due to flowing gas. Curves shown in figures 32, 38, and 40 represent temperatures in wells which are practically free from gas, but the curve is in each case, concave instead of convex toward the axis of temperatures. This general depression may be due to minute quantities of gas escaping from the rocks throughout the entire length of the well, or it may be due to water in the rocks. Considered from the latter point of view, the curve of the GofF well, for example, when compared with a normal curve, may afford a means of determining the relative water content of the rocks in situ.
The curve representing temperatures in the Bennett well, figure 35, agrees with theory. The rate of temperature increase, deduced by the method of least squares, is I'' F. in 84.7 feet. The maximum deviation from the straight line is F., and the probable error of an observation of weight unity is 0.2r F.
Although the general form of the depth-temperature curves generally deviates somewhat from the theoretical curves, there is no exception to the general conclusion that
INTRODUCTION. Ixxxiil
temperature in the crust of the earth increases quite rapidly with the depth. This phenomenon may be an important factor in the e\'olution of certain materials in the crust of the earthy for it is well established by both theory and experiment that substances in suspension, or in solid or fluid solution, tend to migrate in the direction of diminishing temperature. The higher temperatures at the lower levels in the crust of the earth must, therefore, tend to cause a migration of certain substances toward the surface; the migration, except in case of isolated local disturbances, is never toward the center of rhe earth. These facts, in connection with some other wellestablished facts, namely, that carbon dioxide is a constituent of meteorites; that spectroscopic observations prove the existence of gases in nabulae, and of hydrocarbons, exhibiting the spectra of artificial gas, in cometary masses: all of these facts point to the possibility of a gradual evolution of gas and oil deposits from the original nebula, which in its essential features differs in no respect from the evolution of water or the gaseous constituents of the atmosphere: each substance has been brought to the surface of the earth under the influence of a directional force, due to the cooling of the globe, which tends at all times to cause migration in the direction of diminishing depth and temperature.
Acknowledgments. — Investigations of the character described in this paper can not of course be conducted without the cooperation of oil and gas companies. I am greatly indebted in this respect to the officials and employees of the South Penn Oil Company, the Peoples Natural Gas Company, and the Hope Natural Gas Company of Pittsburgh, Pa.' Investigations were begun through the courtesy of Mr. E. E. Crocker, Vice-President of the South Penn Oil Company, who placed exceptional facilities at my disposal for the preliminary experiments in the Mannington field. Observations in the deep wells at McDonald, Pa., and several deep wells in the vicinity of Clarksburg, W. Va., were made possible through the interest of Dr. I. C. White, State Geologist of West Virginia, Captain L. F. Barger, General Manager of the Peoples Natural Gas Company, and Messrs. John B. Corrin and John G. Pew, Vice-Presidents of the Hope Natural Gas
Ixxxiv INTRODUCTION.
Company. Superintendents J. H. Williams, at Clarksburg, and H. R. Williams, at Mannington, West Virginia, contributed in various ways to my success. Special credit is due Messrs. A. L. Rawlins and John L. Ritchie, drillers at the Goff well, and Messrs. C. W. Schwab and E. R. Alford, drillers at the Geary well, for their assistance in obtaining complete records of these most important wells.
I am indebted also to Mr. C. D. White and Mr. G. F. Becker of the U. S. Geological Survey, for their interest and cooperation throughout the entire course of the investigation.
Inthoduction.
Table 1. Temperature measurements in deep well
J. R. Blacksbire No. 14, South Penn Oil Co. Location near
Mannington, W. Va. Mannington Quadrangle.
Obwrved
Te,r
per.-
Well Record
Mtters Fiet
Centigr.de
,W6-SSI StiirLciley Cm!
Tfl.a tto
Is ."7 It.O
eti-ast Pittiburgh Coal lOBO-llOO Liltle DunkanI Sand lua-1210 B'g DuKkard Sand l41t-HS3 FirX S*lt Sand
Difcharie of in
ii hrs,-OBSTM cu, ft
DiKhacge al ISSO
us, 4 500
inrs-iess Second Salt Sand laOS Water lOSBieas Little Lime 1CI33-IS3T Pencil Curve
fl,481040 CO. ft. Ditch arge at tB40
Ma
igsT.isea Big Lime
IBOS-31S5 Big Injun Sand
Ib.T*
death of 3070 feet.
S3 Za BO 30-ft, Sand
1St,? 1500 4S7,2 1500
si.s
Ts.O
88T2 iOlS Cordon Saod ani-i9Ba Founh Sand
aniO-aoSO Fiflli Sand 3048 gas
Introduction.
Depth
Observed Temperature
Meters Feet
MeaA Temperature
Centigrade
C. Fahr.
Well Record
oil
total depth
Table 2. Temperature measurements in deep well
C. B. Morgan No. 6, South Penn Oil Co. Location near
Mannington, W. Va. Mannington Quadrangle.
Depth
Meters Feet
Observed Temperature
Mean Temperature
Centigrade
r
Fahr.
Well Record
Remark*
468-467 Sewtckley Coal 660-569 Pittsburgh Coal 1080-1150 Dunkard Sand 1235-1896 Gas S'and 1885 water
1400-1585 Salt Sand 1840-1850 Pencil Cave 18501'920 Big Lime 1980 Big Injun Sand
Estimated discharge of gas, 40,000 cu. ft. per day.
Introduction
Depth
Observed Temperature
Mean Temperature
Table 3. Temperature measurements in deep well
E. D. Ice No. 2, South Penn Oil Co. Location near
Mannington, W. Va. Mannington Quadrangle.
Observed
Mean 1
Depth
Tempera-
Tempera- J
ture
ture
Well Record
Remarks
Meters
Feet
Centigrade
C. Fahr.
There was not sufficient
gas in this well
527-532 Pittsburgh Coal 1000-1020 Dunkard Sand
to be perceptible to the eye.
Temperature of oil
Is.O
1471-1600 water 1640-1760 red rock
when taken from Sniler. 52" C. 77* F.
1801-1825 lime 1825-1828 Pencil Cave 1828-1908 Big Lime 1908-2027 Big Injun
1905 gas in Big Injun 2453-2496 60-ft. Sand. 2495-2502 slate '2502-2641 sand
2541-2545 slate 2545-2553 sand 2685-2692 sand ?715 Stray Sand
2753 top of Gordon 5?and 2779 oil in Gordon Sand 07QR total depth
Introduction.
Depth
Temperahire
tS„
Meten Feel
Centipide
C. Fhr.
So.O 88.0
5SS.4 nso
M.
M.7 Ts.
Mw.S 2000
S4.0 7S.1
Bbs. 8 2!60
2B.8
S8.B
tall
Introduction.
Table 4. Temperature measurements in deep well
C. H. Hibbs No. 4, South Penn Oil Co. Location near
Mannington, W. Va. Mannington Quadrangle.
Depth
Meters Feet
Observed
Tempcriture
Mean
ture
Centigrade
?ahr
WeH Record.
6R6.8
787 PitUburgh Coal 1200-1245 Little Dunkard 1266-1385 Big Dunkanl 4480-1560 Gw Sand 1575-1616 Gas Sand 1680-1710 Salt Sand 2065-2081 Little Lime 2081-2087 Pencil Cave 2087-2100 Big Lime 2100-2262 Big Injun Sand 2218 gas (small flow)
2271-2300 Squaw Sand 2875-2880 show oil 2700-2740 50-ft. Sand 2082-2002 (kMrdon Stray 8008-8082 (rdon Sand 3032-8078 Fourth Sand 3044 gas (small flow)
3170-8176 Filth Sand 3260 Total depth
Introduction.
STS.S tBTS
e 29. — Depth Temperature Curve. C. D. Morgan No. 7 well.
xcu
Introduction.
Table 5. Temperature measurements in deep well
C. D. Morgan No. 7, South Penn Oil Co. Location near
Mannington, W. Va. Mannington Quadrangle.
Depth
Temperature
Meters
Feet
Centigrade
Fahrenheit
Well Record
530 Sewidcley Coal 641 Pittsburgh Coal 1125-1235 Dunkard Sand Gas Sand First Salt Sand Second Salt Sand
13G5-1430
2R30-2850 <itrav
9fi75
Little Lime
Big Lime
Big Injun
gas
gas
Sand Sand
Cordon Sand
on
oil
Total deptfr
Remarks
This well discharges a small quantity of gas which may have an entrance at or near the points 2876 and 2888. Oil in considerable quantity is pumped from the same depths.
Surface of oil at depth of about 2400 feet.
Reading taken after well had been bailed.
Figure 30 — Depth Temperature Curve, B. T. Price No. 9 Well.
Table 6. Temperatttre measurements in deep well
E. T. Price No. 9, South Penn Oil Co. Location near
Mannington, W. Va. Mannington Quadrangle.
D.ptb
Mun
Well Record
Senarfci
mIk
n fett
s m
so
ll'.tt
ftss-aoo <;cickler Cod
a STn*<1 quantity of
Bi
T07-T16 Pilt.bufgh Coil
oil and gas.
ibI
";Jb
St
Big Dunkird S.nd 1 416.1447 Gu
t coo
1BOB-1640 Firit Sand
lAlB'ITBO Sand Salt Bind
roo
ao
Si
s soo
It. 08
lanO'inBR Bit Lime
'nS8.2l7B Injun
ses
Sm
1S00
l77.ieiS Pqusw lnd
it
"'flO-lAn* rami fTsml
lR30-8Sa BO.ft. Kand
T Iwo
T70-181O BO-fl. Sand
t ITOO
ei.oi
Oe
-"17. r-iron Rand
Si
takin-oil
St
as! SB
fn7Z ToUl dcDth
09
J Mm
e4!gB
n
S4.71
ts.ia
Tm
ts,as
Sb
Tm
nn
n iToo
Jt.Os
Ms
4 tMO
ts'.ti
T7
6S
ler well bad bwn balled.
Introduction.
FlguTe 32.— Depth Temperature Curve, R. A. Geary No. 770 Well.
Introduction.
Table 7. Temperature measurements in Well No. 770.
The Peoples Natural Gas Co. Urocation 4 miles northwest of McDonald, Pa. Burgettstown
Quadrangle. Farm of R. A. Geary.
Depth
Temperature
Meters
Feet
1 Centigrade
Fahrenheit
Remarks
Observalions were made Noy. 16-20, 1914
Inside diam. of pipe 3.5 inchea. Length of pipe 6500 ft.
Reading at 6000 ft. taken Nov. 80, 1918, by Dr. John Johnston.
Record published on pp. xxviii-xxix.
Thermometers in water.
Introduction.
Table 8. Temperature measurements and well record in Welt
No. 4291, Hope Natural Gas Co.
Location, Wyatt, five miles northwest of Shinnston, W. Va.
Clarksburg Quadrangle. Farm of E. Robinson.
Depth 1 Tsmpe
Remxk*
Mter> f'tet Cmti
itidt
FBhre
— ' — well Liccora nhdt
ao.e 100 12
S 141-148 Pituburgh Coal
510-8W Sard G SS0-S80 IMtlt Dunkird
Gu cawd
ai.o ioo IB
Ot
Ss
Pipe-line opened In
tbe momtni before
M
R 0! 7S Big Dunkiinl Tfi0.7SB r.as Sand
Ihe reading! wen t>.
It
6T
B 00!-flT3 Fir.l Silt S.nd
A malt diKharge
V lOIMiee TMrd Slit Sand ISBO-1B*0 Manton Sand
isi.s 000 16
so
Sb
9 lt!8-14t0 Liiile Lime 1*4IM*4E Pencil Cave
S13.4 Too 10
lSlO-1031 Big Injun Smd
Introduction.
Wtll Recoid
ESTS Gordon Sand
tOiO light a! lOHn lime -406D dirk 11
Introduction.
Figure SB-
Table 9. Temperature measurements and well record in Well
No. 4262, Hope Natural Gas Co.
Location twenty-two miles east of Spencer, W, Va.
Amoldsburg Quadrangle. Farm of Bennett Heirs.
Depth
Xernj*
Well Record
Mtters I-tei
Fihrcnhei
So
fi 100
Ie. Is
of cnlo.
is
ss'.s
810-840 Dunkard B87 il.o of EU
8Mln.
n
M
BT.a
4 Soo
Deplh. Apr. 17.
a 900
So
10R8-ni3 FirtI Sdt 1140-1180 Sand 12B7-1S8S Sord SU
Sm
3 isoo
Ot
S8.S
1313-1322 Sand 1398-1475 Maxton
B I Too
IB5n show of oil
1 eioo
2B
s
1770-1781 Pencil C.ve 1781-1815 IJnw 1815-1910 FiE Injun
n £500
m:S
mo
Introduction.
Table 10. Temperature measurements in Well No. 4670,
Hope Natural Gas Co.
Liocation near Sandhill, 4 miles north of Volcano Junction,
W. Va. Marietta Quadrangle. Land of Volcanic
Oil and Coal Co.
Depth
Tempe
T
Due of Rcadint
Remub
Meters Feet
Centisnde
Fihrt
Dheil
m
0 uoo
ter ia bsUer oo/jn-.
M
Electric
S4.1''F. Deptb 8MB
S Electric
M
0 nsS
"nt
April 10. 191T
cecds 600,000 en. ft.
0 Electric
April, 10, IBIT
in*
I'
April 10, 191 T Jen. SI, ISia
Record publi.hed on
Ho
I MercntT
kkli
p'Si. SB. ISlS
4 tSM
J
1 Merctirr
Introduction.
Introduction.
Table 11. Temperature measurements and well record of Well
No. 4623, Hope Natural Gas. Co. Location, five miles southeast of Grantsville, W. Va. Arnoldsburg Quadrangle. Fann of Baxter Poling Heirs.
a"
. ft s
Si
Rl
M
u
fli!
M
Ik
et
ss
Bo
as
ai
IT78-IT8T Little Lim
Lengtb of cuing
Introduction.
Table 12. Temperature measurements and well record in Well
No. 4304, Hope Natural Gas Co. Location, four miles northeast of Valley Falls, W. Va. Fairmont Quadrangle. Farm of J. H. Lake (Jacob Rogers).
Deptb
Temperat
Tt
Remari
Mele
Cenligt.de F.
fare
S 100 0 Soo
i-F?
S6
T SSO G.S. S4S.8T0 Sqtw 6 11161136 Gm"
Bins
8 lKS-ia70 BO-fl.
Total depth.
s euo
i 1471. II9S Gordon
Mar
aoi
F.'
3S
3ae
B 1*00 T Hoo
ao'.flo
1 1890-1050 dmc e KOIS-BOSO Bajitd
aiiB-aiSB Limi
46T
i isoo
8 l!aBS-e45 Mnd
Sl.Sfl
1 iroo
1 isoo
B*.Sfl
7 und
t 3900-4050 lime and slate
St
.o
So
ai.8
S 1110-41*0 Old
M.6
So
Too low.
fl 4130-1135 und
Too low.
i 4000
4 JI35-4S0O lime and >1ale 9 1300-4305 6 lime and slate 0 4175-4180 sand
Too low. Too low.
Wr.
a *7so
IS'g
4 4180-4645 lime and slate X 4945-4055 .and
toil
at
I6M
2 4J00-6505 li"e and slate
Introduction.
Table 13. Temperature measurements in Well No. 4190..
Hope Natural Gas Co. Location, four miles northeast of Bridgeport, W. Va. Fairmont Quadrangle. Farm of M. O. Goif.
Depth
Temperature
Meters Feet Centigrade
7Oo0
Fahrenheit
I6n.2
Remarks
|13-in. Casing, 0-217 ft 10-in. Casing, 0-1288 ft. 8-in. Casing, 0-2807 ft. 6-in. Casing, 6406-7071 ft Record published on pp. bcvi-lxviii. Total depth, 7386 feet
Reading at 7810 feet is about 0.5* F. too low
Errata.
Page 1, after line 1, insert "Chapter I".
Page 61. line 15 from top, for "Lewla", read "Randolph",
Page 69, line 11 from bottom, after "Cedar Grove" add "Coal."
Page 81, line 22 from top, for "bloaaim", read "blossom".
Page 85, line 2 from bottom, for 7250", read "7563".
Page 86, bottom line, for "2900", read "3397".
Page 127, line 22 from bottom, for "429 4"", read "466 4"", and insert below line 21 from bottom.
Page 132, line 6 from bottom, for Pickens 'A'," read "Alma."
Page 143, line 3 from bottom, change "Campbell Creek" to "Cedar Grove."
Page 143, line 3 from bottom, change "Powellton" to "Alma."
Page 144, line 4 from top, change ''Eagle" to "Campbell Creek."
Page 207, line 16 from bottom, for "elevtalon", read "elevation".
Page 702, line 13, from bottom, for "low," read "high."
Part I.
History and Physiography.
Historical And Industrial . Development.
Location.
Barbour, Upshur, and the coal-bearing area of Randolph County west of the Laurel Ridge and Rich Mountain and north of Elk River, comprise the area treated in this report. These areas are situated in the eastern central part of West Virginia, being included between the parallels of 39° U' and 38° North Latitude, and 79° 48' and 80° 25' West Longitude from Greenwich. They lie within the watersheds of the Tygart Valley, Buckhannon, West Fork, Little Kanawha, and Elk Rivers, the first three being tributary to the Monongahela, while the Little Kanawha flows into the Ohio direct and the Elk waters reach the same stream through the Great Kanawha, all of them being part of the Ohio River drainage basin. Barbour, the most northern of the three counties, is bounded on the north by Taylor and Preston ; on the east by Preston, Tucker and Randolph; on the south by Randolph and Upshur ; and on the west by Upshur and Harrison Counties. Upshur, the most western of the three, is bounded on the north by Harrison and Barbour; on the east by Barbour and Randolph; on the south by Randolph and Webster; anc on the west by Lewis. Randolph, the most southern of the three, is bounded on the north by Upshur, Barbour, and Tucker; on the east by Tucker, Grant, Pendleton, and Pocahontas; on the south by Pendleton, Pocahontas, and Webster ; and on the west by Webster, Upshur, and Barbour. The
2 Historical And Industrial Development.
portion of Randolph described does not include all its coalbearing land but only that part contiguous to Upshur and Barbour, this latter part being separated from the Cheat River Coal Basin by an immense structural arch that has pushed the coal measures upward to such a great height that they have been completely eroded from its crest. As here outlined, this region comprises only about one-fourth the total area of this great county, which altogether contains more than a thousand square miles, being the largest in the State. The geographic position of these three counties may be observed in detail from Figures 1 and 2 in this volume and from Maps I and II, enclosed in a separate atlas but accompanying this report.
Transportation.
Water Ways.
Little attention has been paid to the development of water transportation, the nearest slack-water being that in the upper pool of the Monongahela River at Fairmont, distant 30 miles from the northern edge of Barbour County. The volume of water flowing down the Tygart Valley River from the mouth of the Buckhannon at Tygart Junction, through Barbour to its mouth at Fairmont, would perhaps be sufficient to provide slack-water service, but the fall of 9 feet per mile between these two points would require the building of not less than 40 dams in a total distance of 51 miles which would be prohibitive.
Local water transportation has existed for ten years or more on the Buckhannon River between Buckhannon and Hampton, made possible by the presence of the Famsworth mill dam at Buckhannon, small steam or gasoline boats being used for hauling sand which is dredged from the river bed at numerous points between the two towns.
Steam Railroads.
Grafton and Belington Railroad. — The Grafton and Belington Railroad, operated by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, extending from Grafton, Taylor County,
West Virginia Geological Survey. 3
southward along the east bank of the Tygart Valley River to Belington, 41.3 miles, of which 32.5 miles are in Barbour, was chartered in April, 1881, as a narrow gauge line under the name of the Grafton and Greenbrier Railroad, being opened for traflSc between Grafton and Philippi in January, 1884. It was purchased by the Baltimore and Ohio at foreclosure in 1892, being reorganized as the Grafton and Belington Railroad, and was extended to Belington and changed to standard gauge May 1, 1892, according to C. W. Woolford, Secretary of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
Bcrryburg Branch, G. & B. R. R. — The Berryburg Branch of the Grafton and Belington Railroad, extending from Berryburg Junction, on the Grafton and Belington Railroad, westward 4.3 miles to the coal mines at Berryburg, was completed in 1900, and is equipped for both freight and passenger service.
Point Pleasant, Buckhaimon and Tygart Valley Railroad.— The Point Pleasant, Buckhannon and Tygart Valley Railroad, operated by the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Co., extending from Tygart Junction on the Grafton and Belington Branch southwestward 16.6 miles to Buckhannon, where it meets the Pickens Branch of the B. & O., was built from Tygart Junction to Century Junction in 1900, and completed from Century Junction to Buckhannon in October, 1904.
Bumcrsville Branch, P. PL, B. and T. V. R. R.— The Bumersville Branch of the Pt. Pleasant, Buckhannon and Tygart Valley Railroad as now classified, extends from Century Junction westward, 4.8 miles, to the coal mines at Century, and gives both freight and passenger service, having been completed in 1901. As originally begun in 1900, it tapped the Grafton and Belington R. R. at Tygart Junction, 4.1 miles farther north, but this latter portion of the line is now considered a part of the main line of the Point Pleasant, Buckhannon and Tygart Valley Railroad.
Pickens Branch, B. & O. R. R.— The Pickens Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, extending from Weston, Lewis County, through Upshur to Pickens in Randolph, 49.3 miles, had its beginning in a narrow gauge railway built from Weston to Buckhannon in 1883, under the name of Weston
4 Historical And Industrial Development.
and Buckhannon Railroad Company, but was taken oyer by the West Virginia and Pittsburgh Railroad Company and made a standard gauge in 1891 and 1892, and in the same years was extended to Pickens, 30.5 miles being in Upshur and 9.3 miles in Randolph. It was sold to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in September, 1899, and is now classified as a part of its Monongah Division.
Alexander and Eastern Railroad. — The Alexander and Eastern Railroad, tributary to the Pickens Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio at Alexander in southern Upshur, and extending from that point southward up the Left Fork of Buckhannon River, crossing Back Fork Mountain at the Parting Springs and following Back Fork of Elk River to a point in Randolph County one mile east of the Webster Line, a total distance of 24.5 miles, is a standard gauge lumber rail- ' road used mainly by the Croft Lumber Company for hauling logs to its mill at Alexander, and provides no passenger service. According to M. A. Cutright, of Alexander, it was begun as a narrow gauge line in 1891 when 8 to 10 miles were built under the name of the Alexander and Rich Mountain Railroad, but in the Fall of 1895 was changed to standard gauge and the present title was adopted.
Chemical and Helvetia Railroad. — The Chemical and Helvetia Railroad, extending from Selbyville, Upshur County, on the Pickens Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio, southeastward up a branch of the Buckhannon River to Czar in Randolph, a distance of 4.5 miles, was built in 1913 as a narrow gauge road designed to haul cord-wood to the plant of the Buckhannon Chemical Company at Selbyville, there being va passenger service.
Pickens and Hacker Valley Railroad. — The Pickens and Hacker Valley Railroad, tributary to the Pickens Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio at Pickens, Randolph County, and extending westward across a mountain and down Fall Run and Holly River to Hacker Valley, Webster County, a distance of 13 miles, is a 3-foot gauge lumber carrying road, and also carries passengers, but has no regular schedule. According to A. W. Ewing, civil engineer, of Pickens, it was begun by Henry Spies in 1899 and completed to Hacker Valley in
West Virginia Geological Survey. 5
1903, being now the property of the Mayton Lumber Company.
Pickens and Webster Springs Railroad. — The Pickens and Webster Springs Railroad, tributary to the Baltimore and Ohio at Pickens, and extending southwestward across the mountain and down Little Sugar Creek to Skelt on the Back Fork of Elk River in Webster County, a distance of 17 miles, is a 3-foot gauge lumber road, but also hauls passengers, there being no regular schedule. According to A. W. Ewing, grading was begn by Senator J. N. Camden in 1893, steel was laid in 1900 and 1901, and the road was finally completed to Skelt in 1905, being first called the Pickens and Addison Railroad.
Coal and Coke Railway, Main Line. — The Coal and Coke Railway, extending in an east and west direction from Elkins to Charleston, a distance of 175 miles, is one of the most valuable commercial carriers in the three counties, extending entirely across Upshur and through a considerable part of Randolph, 21.6 miles of the line being in Upshur and 20.5 miles in Randolph. It was completed between Gassaway and Monroe in December, 1904, this being the last link between Leiter and Charleston. The road operated for several years over the Western Maryland tracks from Roaring Creek Junction to Elkins, but finally built its own line into the latter place in 1911.
Northern Division, Coal and Coke Railway. — The Northern Division of the Coal and Coke, extending from Belington, in Barbour, southward along the west bank of the Tvgart Valley to Roaring Creek Junction where it rosses the main line, and thence southward up Roaring Creek to Mabie, a distance of 17 miles, is principally a coal and freight carrying road, having passenger service only between Roaring Creek Junction and Coalton. It was completed from Roaring Creek Junction to Coalton in 1893, from Coalton to Mabie in 18%, and from Roaring Creek Junction to Belington in 1898, according to L K. Dye, General Manager.
Moore and Keppel Railroad. — The Moore and Keppel Railroad, tributary to the. Coal & Coke at Midvale, Randolph County, and extending southward up the Left Fork of the
6 Historical And Industrial Development.
Middle Fork River, 17.5 miles, to Adolph, is a standard gauge lumber railroad, built to haul logs to the mill of the Moore- Keppel Company at Ellamore, and has no general freight or passenger service. It was completed to its present terminus in 1915.
Frenchton and Bumsville Railroad. — The Frenchton and Burnsville Railroad, tributary to the Coal and Coke Railway at Frenchton, Upshur County, is a 3-foot gauge lumber ♦railroad, extending southward, 9.5 miles, to the head of Laurel Run, south of Gaines. According to Robert Boggs, of Rock Cave, it was built as a tram road in 1906, under the name of the Frenchton and Arlington Railroad, but was changed to a steam road in 1907, and in 1910 was reorganized under its present title, being a chartered railroad but having no passenger service.
Western Maryland Railway, Main Line. — The main line of the Western Maryland Railway, extending from Baltimore, Maryland, westward to Belington, a distance of 292.3 miles, following the east bank of the Tygart Valley River between Elkins and the latter point, is a commercial carrier with a large coal, general freight, and passenger business, the distance from Elkins to the Barbour Line being 11.1 miles and that portion in Barbour being 6.5 miles. According to L. F. Timmerman, Secretary and Treasurer, the line from Elkins to Belington was first built as the Belington and Beaver Creek Railroad, but was sold to the Western Maryland Railway, November 1, 1905, the original date of the completion not being available, owing to the destruction of the records of the Company in the fire of the Equitable Building in 1912.
Weaver Branch, Western Maryland Railroad. — The Weaver Branch of the Western Maryland, extending from Belington, in Barbour, southward to Weaver, in Randolph, 6.2 miles, is principally a coal carrying road, but gives general freight and passenger service, having been first completed as a branch of the Belington & Beaver Creek Railroad.
Belington and Northern Railroad. — The Belington and Northern Railroad, extending from Belington northwestward, 3.8 miles along the west bank of the Tygart Valley River, to ii point one-half mile west of Wilmoth Ford, was built in 1902
West Virginia Geological Survey.
as a coal carrying road, having as its ultimate object a connection with the Little Kanawha Railroad at Glenville to which point surveys of the latter road had been made. The entire project was abandoned and the line is not now in use.
Electric Railroads.
EUdns Electric Railway. — The Elkins Electric Railway extends from Elkins westward along the Tygart Valley River, 6.1 miles to Harding, where it serves a large mining population. According to P. B. Bloomfield, General Manager, work was begun at Elkins in May, the first car was run December 1, 1910, and the line completed to Harding May 1, 1914.
Highways.
Parkersburg and Staunton Turnpike. — The Parkersburg and Staunton Turnpike, which extends across Randolph and Upshur Counties in an east and west direction through Beverly, Mabie, Ellamore, Buckhannon, and Lorentz, had its beginning by act of the Virginia General Assembly passed in 1823, but was not completed until after 18S3, when the final appropriation for macadamizing the road was made. The original macadam has long since disappeared, but the excellent grade remains, and if resurfaced this old road wouldagain become one of the great highways of the State.
Morgantown and Beverly Turnpike. — The Morgantown and Beverly Turnpike, which was originally chartered in 1837 by the State of Virginia, under the name of "Pennsylvania, Beverly and Morgantown Turnpike", but was not completed until after 1853 when the charter was renewed, is a dirt road passing through Morgantown, Ridgedale, Gladesville, Independence, Evansville, Dent, Nestorville, Meadowville, Belington, and Elkins to Beverly.
Fairmont and Beverly Turnpike. — The Fairmont and Beverly Turnpike is a dirt road, extending from the former place through McGee, Simpson, Switzer, Philippi, and Belington where it coincides with the Morgantown and Beverly Turnpike.
8 Historical And Industrial Development.
Clarksburg and Philippi Turnpike. — The Clarksburg and Philippi Turnpike, which is nothing more than a well-graded dirt road, was established by act of the Virginia General Assembly, March 13, 1849, and its route between these two points lies by way of Grassland and Pepper.
Philippi and Buckhannon Turnpike. — The Philippi and Buckhannon Turnpike, established by act of the Virginia General Assembly, March 7, 1849, with a maximum grade of 4 degrees and a minimum width of IS feet, is a dirt road extending between these two points by way of Malta, Bumersville, and Pecks Run. According to Cutright it was completed in the early fifties.
Clarksburg and Buckhannon Turnpike. — The Clarksburg and Buckhannon Turnpike, a dirt road connecting these two points, and passing through Quiet Dell, Romines Mills, Peeltree, and Pecks Run, was established by act of the Virginia General Assembly March 8, 1848, being built largely by private subscription, as were many others constructed during the same period.
Buckhannon and Little Kanawha Turnpike. — The Buckhannon and Little Kanawha Turnpike, which was authorized by act of the Virginia General Assembly March 15, 1849, to extend from Buckhannon by way of Raymond's Mill, Braxton County, to an intersection with the Weston and Sutton road, extends southwestward from Buckhannon, passing through Hinkleville, French Creek, Frenchton, and Crawford. According to Cutright', it was completed in the early fifties.
Stmimersville and Slaven Cabin Turnpike. — The Summersville and Slaven Cabin Turnpike, starting at Summersville, Nicholas County, extends eastward by way of Webster Springs and Waneta, in Webster, and then through Monterville and Valley Head in Randolph. For many miles in Webster and Randolph it traverses Point Mountain at an elevation of 3500 to 4000 feet above sea-level, making it one of the greatest scenic highways in the State.
Ordinary Cotmty Roads. — Besides these turnpikes noted above, the three counties are covered by a network of more
*W. B. Outright, History of Upshur County, p. 822; 1907. *W. B. Outright, History of Upshur County, p. 822; 1907.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 9
poorly graded dirt roads, some of which become impassable in the winter months on account of mud. According to Hon. A. D. Williams, State Road Engineer, there are 624 miles of wagon roads in Barbour, 800 in Upshur, and 1000 in Randolph.
General Description, Barbour County.
Miscellaneous Items.
Formation. — Barbour County was formed from parts of Harrison, Lewis, and Randolph Counties, by act of the Virginia General Assembly, and named after Judge Philip Pendleton Barbour, a distinguished Virginian. Maxwell* gives the following detailed account of its boundaries:
"The act of the Virginia Legislature passed March 3, 1S48, establishing Barbour County, fixed Its boundaries as follows:
"'Beginning opposite the mouth of Sandy Creek, on the east side of the Valley River, in the now County of Randolph; thence down the said Valley River with the several meanders thereof, to Daniel's Ferry; thence a straight line to the dividing ridge on the waters of Simpson's Creek and Bartlett's Run (so as to include Reuben Davisson's farm in the new county); thence a straight line to the old fann now occupied by Samuel Bartlett; thence to the head of Goodwins' Run; thence a straight line to William Bean's on Gnatty Creek; thence a straight line to head of Peck's Run; thence with the dividing ridge between the head of Peck's Run and Hacker's Creek to the gap of said ridge where the road crossed leading down Hacker's Creek; thence a straight line to Samuel Black's residence (including the farm of the said Black In the new county) on Buckhannon Run; thence a straight line to the mouth of Sarvls' Run, on the Middle Fork of the Valley River; thence a straight line to the gap of Laurel Hill Mountain where the widow Corley's comer tree stands; thence with the top of the said mountain until it comes to the Preston County line; thence with the Preston and Randolph County line to the beginning, the whole to form one distinct and new county, and to be called and known by the name of Barbour County, in honor to and in memory of Philip P. Barbour of Virginia.'
"From a minute entered In the proceedings of the county court, it is inferred that the actual line was surveyed entirely around Barbour County in 1843, as in July of that year the sum of eighty-six dollars was set aside to pay the surveyors, including guides, but no record of such a survey is found on the books of the County Surveyor. It became a matter of importance to have part of the lines accurately surveyed, and In 1894 the sum of $944.50 was paid for that purpose. The commissioners who made the survey between Barbour and Taylor were C. M. Comwell, J. E. Hall, and M. F. Hall on behalf of Barbour, and J. F. Ross, M. W. Kinkald, and Upton Foreman on behalf of Taylor, with J. Nelson Baker as umpire. The calls of that survey were:
Hu Maxwell, History of Barfiour CJounty, pp. 198-200; 1899.
lO HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT.
'Beginning at a stone pile on the comer of Harrison, Barbour and Taylor, west of Simpson's Creek, thence north 86 degrees 63 min., east 2422 feet, passing 83 feet south of the residence of John Lough, to a stone on the ridge on the John H. Woodford farm; thence south 89 degrees, 30 mln., east 10942 feet to the Pleasant Creek Ford; thence north 68 degrees, 63 mln., east 19068 feet to the mouth of Pleasant Creek at L. Keller's residence on the line, and so crossing the river as to have 17772 feet of railroad in Pleasant District; thence up Sandy to the mouth of Little Sandy, which is the comer of Preston, Barbour and Taylor.'
"The commissioners who surveyed the lines between parts of Barbour and Randolph were, Milton Hart and H. C. Rosenberger on behalf of Barbour; A. C. FHndley, C. M. Mosteller and Jefterson Scott on behalf of Randolph, and David Poe, umpire. The line Is as follows :
'"Beginning (line south 82 degrees, 46 mln. west) at a hickory on top of Laurel Hill; 900 feet to a cliff; 2800 feet to a small stream; 4650 feet to a small stream; 6100 feet to P. Stipe's land; 8400 feet to Tom Corley's land; 11030 feet to Nixon Shomo's land; 12300 feet to Visquesney's line; 13400 feet to George Hayes' land; 17176 feet to Beaver Creek; 20496 feet to Valley River; 24660 feet to the north bank of the river, after crossing the second time, nearly opposite the mouth of Zebb's Creek; 26486 feet to the river again; 27500 feet to H. G. Davis' land; 30012 feet to Patrick Judge's land; 31175 feet to T. Kavanaugh's land; 33300 feet to Patrick Glannon's land; 34281 feet to Taylor's graveyard; 63447 feet to the mouth of Sarvis Run on the west bank of Middle Fork.'
Area. — The area of Barbour, by Districts, as determined with planimeter by Teets from the topographic sheets of the U. S. Geological Survey, is as follows :
Districts. Square Miles.
Pleasant 46.17
Elk 30.43
Union 42.19
Phillppi 46.02
Cove 54.14
Glade 49.23
Barker 41.16
Valley 37.08
Totals for County 345.41
Relief. — The surface of Barbour varies in elevation from ICKX) feet above sea-level at the point where the Tygart Valley River crosses the Barbour-Taylor Line to 3300 feet at the top of a high knob on the Laurel Ridge, 2 miles north of the common corner of Barbour, Randolph, and Tucker, making a total variation of 2300 feet. With the exception of this high ridge which forms the eastern boundary of the county, and where the air is perceptibly cooler in both winter and sum-
West Virginia Geological Survey.
mer, there is little variation of climatic conditions over the county.
Population. — The following table, taken from the U. S. Census returns for 1910, shows the population of Barbour for the last three enumerations :
Population of Barbour County.
Minor Civil Division.
Barker District including Junior town and wards
3 and 4 of Belington city
Total for Belington city in Barlcer and Valley
Dittrictt
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 8
Ward 4
Junior town
District
Blk District
Glade District
PhiUppi District, including Philippi city
Philippi city
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 3
Ward 4
Pleasant District
Union District
VaUey District, including wards 1 and 2 of Belington city
Belington city, part of
Totals for County
I"
The returns show that those districts devoted to agriculture alone have lost in numbers while all those in which mining plants are located have increased.
Products. — The principal animal products of Barbour are cattle, horses, sheep, hogs, poultry, and mules.
The principal agricultural products are com, potatoes, hay, apples, wheat, oats, and buckwheat. The western part of the county is especially adapted to forage crops, being natural blue-grass land. East of the Tygart Valley River buckwheat is raised extensively.
12 Historical And Industrial Development.
The principal mineral and. manufactured products are coa] and coke, brick, clay, building stone, lumber and woolen goods.
Property Valuation. — According to Hon. J. S. Darst, State Auditor, the following table shows the property valuation for three years ending with 1915:
Real Estate 110.987,140 |11,052,2S0 110,903.240
Personal Property 2,960,427 3,090.425 8.030,576
Totals $13,887,567 114.142.656 |13,938.816
According to the above figures, Barbour ranks twentyfirst in the State in point of wealth.
Postal Service. — As in many other counties in the State, the reorganization of the Post-Ofifice Department and consequent establishment of rural free delivery routes has caused many of the smaller post-offices to be abandoned. The numerous rural routes, however, cover almost the entire county, and these, together with the railway mail service, afford ample means for the distribution of the mail in a speedy and efficient manner. The following table, compiled from information supplied by W. G. Keys, Postmaster of Philippi, shows the post-offices and rural routes now (October 25, 1915) in existence in the county :
Barbour County Post-Offices.
No. of No. of
Post-Offices. R. F. D. Post-Offices. R.F.D.
Routes. Routes.
Ardea Kasson
Bellngton 4 Lantz
Berryburg Lillian
Century Meriden
Dartmoor Moatsville 8
Hall 2 Nestorville
Johnson Philippi 5
Junior Volga 2
The above information shows that Barbour County has 16 post-offices and 16 rural free delivery routes.
West Virginia Geological Survey. I3
Towns and Indastries.
There are only three incorporated towns in Barbour, but there are numerous thriving villages that have no separate town governments.
Philippi.
Philippi, the county-seat of Barbour, and the second largest town, having a population of 1,038 people in 1910, nearly double the number recorded for 1900, is situated on the Tygart Valley River, near the geographical center of the county. According to Lewis*, it was established by act of the Virginia General Assembly, passed Feb. 14, 1844, with L. D. Morrell, James L. Burbridge, William Shaw, John R. Williamson and William Wilson, trustees, being named in honor of Philip Barbour.
Philippi was originally laid out and built on the east side of the river, where the flood-plain affords a natural town site, the elevation above sea being about 1300 feet, but the rapid growth in late years has extended the boundaries across the river and up the hillsides on either side. It owes its existence principally to the county business and partly to the excellent agricultural region which surrounds it, and for which it is the natural supply point. Besides these features, it has a considerable coal mining industry near by and also has one of the prominent private educational institutions of the State. The town is served by the Grafton and Belington Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad which affords convenient freight and passenger service in all directions.
Broaddus Institute. — The Broaddus Institute, located on Battle Hill west of the river, and commanding a beautiful view of the Tygart Valley, was first established in Clarksburg in 1876 as the Broaddus Female College, but according to President Elkanah Hulley, the institution was removed to Philippi in September, 1909. It has an enrollment of 200 students, the number of instructors being 14, and there are two large brick buildings besides the central heating plant.
*V. A. Lewis, History of West Virginia, p. 683: 1889.
14 Historical And Industrial Development.
The courses of study include preparatory, normal, and college work, the supporting and governing agency of the school being the Baptist Church.
Philippi Woolen Mill Company. — The Philippi Woolen Mill Company, established in 191 S, with head office and works along the west bank of the Tygart Valley River, manufactures woolen goods, mostly blankets. According to W. L. Fordyce, Superintendent, the mill will have an equipment of 2 sets of cards, 10 looms, and 1500 spindles, giving a capacity of 100 pairs of blankets daily, IS men and 20 women being employed, of whom 4 or 5 are classed as skilled laborers, the monthly pay-roll being $1000.
The Philippi Foundry and Machine Company* located along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at the south end of the town, has not been in operation for several years, the enterprise being apparently abandoned as the plant has been dismantled, although the substantial brick building in which it was housed is still standing.
The Philippi Tile and Brick Plant, located near the old foundry, and the S. T. H. Holt Brick Plant, located north of the town, will be described in Chapter XIII under the subject of "Brick Plants".
Belington.
Belington, the first town of Barbour in point of size, is located along the flood-plain of the Tygart Valley River, near the southern end of the county, its elevation above sea-level being 1702 feet and its population in 1910 being 1,481, more than three times as large as in 1900. The town was named from John Bealin who moved there from Philippi before the Civil War and built a store, but it was not incorporated as a city until 1905. Belington is not only the supply point for a considerable farming district, but is also in the midst of several large mining operations that have contributed in large measure to its commercial expansion. It is the terminus of the Grafton and Belinjgton Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and also the western terminus of the Western Maryland Railway, and is also served with freight by the Northern Division of the Coal and Coke. A large steel mill was once
West Virginia Geological Survey. 1$
built along the Western Maryland Railway, about one mile south of Belington, but the enterprise was a failure and the plant has been dismantled. The Tygart Valley Brick Company will be described in Chapter XIII under the subject of "Brick Plants".
Junior.
Junior, the only other incorporated town in the county besides the two just described, is located along the Tygart Valley River, 4 miles south of Belington, its principal reason for existence being the large coal mine located there. It was incorporated as a town November 13, 1897, and, according to the census qf 1910, has a population of 435.
Villages.
There are numerous unincorporated villages situated throughout Barbour County, of which the following list gives the principal ones with their populations, most of which are by actual count made in the presence of members of the Survey, the coal mining towns being printed in black-faced type:
Barbour County Villages.
Population Population
Village. 1915 Village. 1915
Arden Lillian
Audra Meadowville
Berryburg Meriden
Century Nestorville
Danville Overfleld
Dartmoor Peeltree
A — Actual count by Postmaster or other responsible person in
E — Estimate by postmaster or other responsible person In 1915.
r6 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT.
General Description, Upshur County.
m
Miscellaneous Items.
Fonnation. — LJpshur County was established out of parts of Randolph, Barbour and Lewis, by act of the Virginia General Assembly, passed March 26, 1851, and was named after Hon. Abel P. Upshur, Secretary of State under President Harrison, in which capacity he was serving when killed by a bursting cannon on board a United States war vessel. According to Cutright", the boundaries established were as follows :
*'Be it enacted by the General Assembly, That so much of the counties of Randolph, Barbour, and Lewis as is contained within the following boundary lines, to-wit: Beginning at a rock or milestone on the Staunton and Parkersburg turnpike road, ten miles east of Weston, in Lewis County, running thence a straight line to the head of Saul's Run, a branch of Fink's Run; thence to the mouth of Pringle's Fork of Stone Coal Creek; thence up said fork to the forks of said fork; thence with the ridge dividing the waters of said forks to their headwaters, and with said ridge to the head of B*rench Cre above Taylor Townsend's farm; thence to the mouth of Cherry Camp Fork of the Little Kanawha River; thence to the mouth of the Buffalo Fork of said river to the Braxton County line, and with said line to the head of the right hand fork of said river; thence* to the three forks of the Right Hand Fork of Buckhannon River; thence to the head nearest branch of Middle Fork River; thence down said river to the fording where the road leading from Teter's on the Valley River to House's mill on the Buckhannon River, crosses said Middle Fork; thence to the fording of the Buckhannon River, at or near Henry Jackson's thence to Michael Strader's on Peck's Run, including said Strader's; thence with the ridge dividing the waters of the main Peck's Run from the waters of the branch on which Colonel John Reger now resides; thence with said ridge so as to divide the waters of Peck's Run from Big Run to Gnatty Creek Mountain; thence to the mouth of the run on which John Low resides, so as to include all the waters of said run to Peel Tree Mountain; thence running west to the Harrison County line; thence with said line to a stone stand* ing on the line of Lewis and Harrison Counties and on the dividing line between Lost Creek. Rooting Creek and Jesse's Run; thence a straight line to the mouth of Rover's Run, a branch of Hacker's Creek, and thence to the beginning, shall form one distinct and new county, and be called and known by the name of Upshur County."
Area. — The area of Upshur by Districts, as determined with planimeter by Teets from the topographic maps of the U. S. Geological Survey, is as follows :
*W. B. Cutright, History of Upshur County, p. 240; 1907.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
DittrieU. Square Miles.
Warren 45.58
Buckhannon 37.86
Union 50.97
Meade 57.50
Washington 71.76
Banks 91.19
Totals for County 354.86
Relief. — The surface of Upshur varies from 1038 feet above sea-level at Ingo on the Little Kanawha River, where this stream crosses the Lewis Line, to 3050 feet at the southeast corner of the county, 1.7 miles southeast of Palace Valley, a total difference of 2012 feet. These two points are both in the southern end of the county where the Little Kanawha River has cut its channel into the high foot-hills of Rich Mountain, and they therefore represent a much greater variation than is found in the central and northern end of the county where the hills are only a few hundred feet high.
Population. — The following table, taken from the U. S. Census Returns for 1910, shows the population of Upshur for the last three enumerations :
Population of Upshur County.
Minor Civil Divitlon.
Banks District
Buckhannon District, Including Buckhannon and South Buckhannon towns
BuckliaTinon town
South Buckhannon town
Meade District
Union District
Warren District ,
Washington District
Totals for County,
The returns show an increase of population in all the Districts except Warren, where there has been a steady decrease owing to the steady migration to the towns and cities.
Products. — The principal animal products of Upshur are cattle, horses, sheep, hogs, poultry, and mules.
The principal agcultural products are corn, potatoes, hay, apples, wheat, oats, and buckwheat. The northern end
Historical And Industrial Development.
of the county is qgpecially adapted to forage crops, being natural blue-grass land. Buckwheat is raised extensively in the southern portion.
The principal mineral and manufactured products are coal and coke, glass-sand, and glassware, brick clay, building stone, natural gas, and lumber.
Property Valuation. — According to Hon. J. S. Darst, State Auditor, the following table shows the property valuation for the three years ending with 1915 :
jeal Bstate 8,178,306 8,219,523 8,266,902
Personal Property 2,780,868 3,151,364 3,179,654
Totals 110,969,174 111,370,887 111,486,556
A comparison of the above figures with those for other counties in the Auditor's Report shows that Upshur ranks thirty-first in point of wealth in tte State.
Postal Service. — As noted in Barbour, the establishment of rural free delivery service has caused many former postoffices to be abandoned, the work of which is now done, however, by the railway mail and rural routes. The following table, compiled from information supplied by L. W. Bartlett, Postmaster of Buckhannon, shows the number of post-offices and rural free delivery routes now (October, 1915), in existence in the county :
Upshur County Post-Offices.
Post-Offices
No. of R. P. D. Routes.
Post-Offices
No. of R. F. D. Routes.
Abbott
Adrian
Alexander . . ,
Alton ,
Buckhannon . Canaan . . . . . French Creek. Prenchton . . . .
Gaines
Gale
Gawthrop ...
Goodwin
Gould
Hemlock
Holly Grove.. Indiancamp .,
Ivanhoe
Kanawha Head
Kedron ,
Lorentz
4 Newlonton
Queens
2 Red Rock
Rock Cave
Sago
Selbyville
Tallmansville . .
Tenmile
Teter
Vegan
Tokum
West Virginia Geological Survey. Iq
Towns and Industries-
There are only two incorporated towns in Upshur, but there are numerous thriving villages that have no separate town governments.
Buckhannon.
Buckhannon, the county-seat of Upshur, and the largest town, was first settled by Edward Jackson and family in the Fall of 1770, but was not legally established as a town until January IS, 1816, when it was laid out on the lands of Robert Patton, Jr., with Joseph Davis, Jacob Lorentz, Philip Reger, John Jackson, John Reger, Benjamin Reeder and John Mc- Whorter, trustees*. According to Cutright, it was named after John Buchannon, a Scotch missionary of Richmond, Va., who made a trip through the Upper Monongahela Valley, the name being later corrupted to its present spelling, which was applied first to the river, and subsequently, to the town.
Buckhannon is located at a natural town site on the Buckhannon River, clear the northern end of the county, the tidal elevation of the court-house being 1433 feet. According to the census of 1910, its population was 2225, an increase of 29 per cent, over that of 1900. It owes its existence primarily to the county business and to the fact that it is the natural supply point for the rich farming and grazing region that surrounds it, but its progress and growth have been greatly augmented by several large woodworking and general manufacturing industries as well as by the presence of one of the leading private colleges of the State. The town is served by the Pickens Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and by the Point Pleasant, Buckhannon and Tygart Valley Railroad, which is under the control of the same system, the two roads giving convenient freight and passenger service.
West Virginia Wcslcyan College. — The West Virginia Wesleyan College, located along the line between Buckhannon and South Buckhannon Corporations, the principal buildings being in the latter town, is one of the leading educational in-
Vlrgil A. Lewis, History of Vest Virginia, p. 720; 1889. nv. B. Outright, History of Upshur County, p. 274; 1907.
20 Historical And Industrial Development.
stitutions of the State, having been first established as a pre paratory school vsrith the name of the "West Virginia Conference Seminary", but being changed to its present title and raised to college rank in 1903. According to information supplied from the office of Dr. Wallace B. Fleming, President, the courses of instruction include Collegiate, Preparatory, Normal, Music, and Art Departments, the degrees of A. B.. B. S., and B. Ped. being granted. There is a campus of 43 acres with seven buildings, the total property and endowment being valued at $450,000. The average number of students is 450, and 28 teachers are employed with an average yearly pay-roll of $30,000, the school being conducted under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and supported by the tuition of students, income from endowment, and generosity of friends. The following clipping, from the annual catalog, gives the early history of the college:
"In 1876 Buckhannon presented a request and a pledge of money to the West Virginia Conference to locate a seminary in the town. In 1883 a committee appointed by the Annual Conference recom* mended the establishment of a seminary, and a year later the Con* ference appointed a board of trustees for the proposed school. The Conference enlarged the board of trustees in 1885 and directed It to receive contributions and proposals for the endowment and location of a seminary; and on August 29, 1887, the trustees purchased 43 acres at Buckhannon for $5,551.87. In October of the same year the Conference in session at Parkersburg ratified the action and directed the trustees to proceed with the erection of the buildings. The main building was completed during the summer of 1890 and school was opened September 3rd of that year. The Ladies' Hail was erected in 1895 and in 1902 the Music Hall was completed. About 1892 the President's Residence was built."
Ekiuitable Window Glass Company. — The Equitable Window Glass Company, located on the Pickens Branch of the B. & O. Just west of the Buckhannon corporation line, according to information supplied to Teets by George A. Quertinmont, Secretary, was first established in 1902 under the name of the State Window Glass Company, but underwent several changes in name and ownership and finally received its present ownership and title in 1912. The plant is devoted to the manufacture of window glass only, having a 30-pot furnace and a monthly output of 11,000 boxes of 100 pounds capacity each, using sand from Imperial, and lime from Martinsburg,
West Virginia Geological Survey. 21
both in West Virginia. The product is all hand blown, 140 men being employed, of whom 80 are skilled laborers, the total monthly pay-roll being $16,000, the plant being in operation for seven months of the year. Most of the product is shipped to eastern points.
Belgrade Glass Company. — The Belgrade Glass Company, located on the Pickens Branch pf the B. & O. at Tenerton Station, one mile and a half south of Buckhannon, was first established as the Steiner Glass Company in 1903, but came under its present management and title in 1910, according to F. A. Treiber, Secretary and Treasurer. The plant manufactures lead blown tumblers and stem ware, to the value of $80,000 worth annually, the equipment including a 12-pot furnace, and gives employment to 100 persons of whom 65 are men, 20 are boys and IS are girls, the number of skilled laborers being 40, and the average monthly pay-roll, $5,000, for the 11 months of the year that the plant runs. The factory uses sand from Berkeley Springs, W. Va., lime from Ohio, lead from Pittsburgh, Pa., soda-ash from Michigan and coloring matter mostly from Europe, although some of this is now secured in America. Natural gas is used for fuel, which the West Virginia Central Gas Company furnishes at 8 cents, net, per thousand. The product is shipped in all directions.
William Grosscup Planing Mill. — The William Grosscup Planing Mill, with its principal office at Buckhannon, located along the Pickens Branch of the B. & O., about one-fourth mile east of the railroad station, was established, according to information supplied Teets by Alvin Grosscup, General Manager, in 1907, and manufactures flooring, siding, molding, interior finish, and general planing mill material, the daily capacity being 15,000 feet, and output about 10,000, the product being shipped to West Virginia and eastern points. Ten men are employed, 4 of these being classed as skilled laborers, and the monthly pay-roll is $500 to $600.
Upshur Planing Mill. — The Upshur Planing Mill, located on the Pickens Branch of the B. & O., about one-fourth mile east of the railroad station, according to information furnished by T. W. Curry, General Manager, was established in 1908 with its principal office in Buckhannon, and manufactures oak
22 Historical And Industrial Development.
flooring and ail Icinds of exterior and interior finishing material, the output being 2 to 3 car-loads per week, the raw material for which comes from Upshur and adjoining counties, and the finished product being shipped east and west. Fifteen men are employed, of whom 8 are skilled laborers, the average monthly pay-roll being $800. This plant was originally known as the Stockert Brothers Planing Mill, but passed into the hands of the J. L. Henry Lumber Company in 1900, and to its present ownership at the date above mentioned.
Buckhannon Box and Resaw Company. — The Buckhannon Box and Resaw Company, with its head office at Buckhannon and located on the Pickens Branch of the B. & O. near the South Buckhannon Station, was established in March, 1915, according to information supplied Teets by T, M. Debarr, President. The plant manufactures box shooks, crating, flooring, siding, all kinds of inside finishing material and a general line of framing timber, the daily output being 12,000 to 15,000 feet, the raw material coming from Upshur and adjoining counties. Thirteen men are employed, of whom are skilled laborers, the monthly pay-roll varying from $300 to $600.
La3field Manufacturing Company. — The Layfield Manufacturing Company, with its head office at Buckhannon and plant located on the Pickens Branch of the B. & O. near the South Buckhannon Station, was established in 1912, and manufactures all kinds of exterior and interior wood finish, its capacity being 15,000 feet and output 5,000 feet per day, the raw material for which comes from Upshur and adjoining counties, the product being shipped in all directions. According to information supplied Teets by A. Layfield, General Manager, 14 men are employed, of whom 5 are skilled laborers, the monthly pay-roll averaging $500.
William Flaccus Oak Leather Company. — The William Flaccus Oak Leather Company, with head office at Pittsburgh, Pa., operates a large tannery located along the Pickens Branch of the B. & O. near the corporation line between Buckhannon and South Buckhannon, having been established in 1889. According to information supplied Teets by Alfred Vogt, Assistant Manager, the plant manufactures harness
West Virginia Geological Survey. 23
leather, the capacity being 600 hides per week and output 1 car-load in 2 to 3 weeks, a car holding from 1500 to 2000 hides, and the most of the finished product being shipped to Pittsburgh. The hides used for tanning come mostly from the large packing houses of the country, but the tan-bark is a local product of Upshur and adjoining counties. The tanning process is an elaborate one, requiring several months to turn out the finished leather. Forty-two men are employed, of whom 7 are skilled laborers, the average monthly pay-roll being $1600.
Ward- Young Manufacturing Company. — The Ward- Young Manufacturing Company, with its plant located near the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad station, was established in
1909 and manufactures stogies, the capacity of the concern being 600,000 per year and output about 200,000. According to information supplied to Teets by the management, 3 men and 2 women are employed, the average monthly pay-roll being $300. The leaf tobacco comes from Ohio and Pennsylvania.
Price Bottling Company. — The Price Bottling Company, with principal office at Kitzmiller, Md., and having a plant located in Buckhannon near the Baltimore and Ohio Station, manufactures soft drinks and soda fountain supplies, the local concern having been in operation since 1913. The capacity is 2000 cases per month and output 1000 cases, 4 boys being employed, with an average monthly pay-roll of $125. According to information given Teets by J. M. Price, General Manager, the product is marketed in Upshur and adjoining counties.
Core Brick Plant — The Core Brick Plant, located near the South Buckhannon railroad station, will be described in Chapter XIII under the subject of "Brick Plants".
South Buckhannon.
South Buckhannon, situated along the Buckhannon River immediately south of Buckhannon, was incorporated as a town in 1900, the population given in the Census Returns for
1910 being 681. A separate post-office was maintained for
Historical And Industrial Development.
several years, but this is now abandoned and the town is served by the Buckhannon post-office and city carriers. The two towns have such a close alliance that little attention is paid to their separate charters except in political and financial matters. Several of the industrial establishments previously described among those in Buckhannon are situated in the corporate limits of South Buckhannon as is also most of the Wesleyan College property, a reference to this fact having been made in each case.
Villages.
There are numerous villages situated throughout Upshur County, of which the following list gives the principal ones with their populations, most of which are by actual count made in the presence of members of the Survey, the coal mining towns being printed in black-faced type:
Upshur County Villages.
Village.
Population
Village.
Population
Abbott
Adrian
Alexander
A.lton
Arlington
Beans Mill
Canaan
French Creek
Prenchton
Salnes
Hemlock
Holly Grove
Imperial
Kedron
Lantz :
Lorentz
Overhill
Pecks Run
Queens
Rock Cave
Sago
Sand Run
Selbjnrille
Tenmile
Teter
A. — Actual Count by Postmaster or other responsible person in
E. — Estimate by Postmaster or other responsible person in 1915. R.— Rand, McNally & Co. Commeroial Atlas, 1915.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 2$
General Description, Western Portion Of
Randolph County.
Miscellaneous Items,
Formation. — Randolph County, the largest in the entire State, was established by act of the Virginia General Assembly, passed in October, 1786, as follows, according to Lewis®:
"That from and after the first day of May, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seVen, the county of Harrison shall be divided into two distinct counties, that is to say, so much of the said county lying on the southeast of the following lines, beginning at the mouth of Sandy Creek; thence up Tygart's Valley River to the mouth of Buckhannon River; thence up the said river including all the waters thereon; thence down Elk River, including the waters thereof, to the Greenbrier line, shall be one distinct county, to be called and known by the name of Randolph; and the residue of the said county shall retain the name of Harrison."
The county, as above outlined, which was named after Governor Edmund Randolph, of Virginia, has been later subdivided to form portions of several new counties, but still contains approximately 1091 square miles of territory. Since this report deals only with the coal-bearing portion west of Laurel Ridge and Rich Mountain and north of Elk River, the following table computed by Teets with planimeter from the topographic sheets of the U. S. Geological Survey, gives the areas for this portion only:
Districts. Square Miles.
LeadsviUe (west of Laurel Ridge and Rich Mountain) . . 8.75
Huttonsyille (Part covered by Penrisylvanian Rocks,
Mingo (west of Rich Mountain and north of Valley
Total area of western coal basin 269 .26
Relief. — The portion of Randolph outlined above varies in elevation from 1750 feet above sea-level at Laurel where the Tygart Valley River crosses the Barbour Line to 4000 feet on Point Mountain at the southern extremity, making a total
Virgil A. Lewis, History of West Virginia, p. 660: 188S.
Historical And Industrial Development.
difference of 2250 feet. A large part of this land is extremely rough and mountainous, much of it being wooded.
Population. — The following table taken from the U. S. Census Returns for 1910 shows the population entire for the six districts named above, for the last three enumerations :
Population of Six Western Districts of Randolph County.
Minor Civil Division.
Huttonsyille District, including HuttonsYllle and
Mill Creek towns
Huttonsvllie town
Mill Creek town
Lieadsville District, including Elklns city and Harding village
Elklns city
Ward 1
Ward 2
Ward 8
Ward 4
Ward 6
Harding village
Middle Fork District
Mingo District
Roaring Creek District, including Womelsdorff
town I
WomelsdorfT town
Products. — The principal products of this portion of Randolph, besides small farm crops in the northwestern portion, consist mostly of coal, coke, and lumber, all of which are produced in great quantity.
Towns. Womelsdorff.
Womelsdorff (Coalton Station and Post-Office), the largest town in Randolph west of Rich Mountain, is located on Roaring Creek, three miles above its mouth. According to Stephen WomelsdorflF, mayor, it was incorporated as a town May 8, 1895. The population in 1910 was 665 persons, a large part of whom are engaged in the great coal mining plant to which the town owes its growth and which will be described later in the Chapter on Coal.
West Virginia Geological Survey. Ttj
Harding.
Harding. — Harding, the only other incorporated town west of Rich Mountain in Randolph, is located on the Tygart Valley River, one-half mile north of the mouth of Roaring Creek, being built on the great bluffs formed by* the upper sandstones of the Pottsville Series, one hundred feet or more above river level. It was incorporated as a village in 1909, the census returns for 1910 showing 105 persons, but the population is now larger. Its existence and growth are due to the large mining plant located there which will be fully described in the Chapter on Coal.
Villages. — There are several villages located in this area of Randolph having no town charters. The following table gives the most important, with an estimate of the population :
Villages of Western Randolph.
Population Population Vmage. 1915 Village. 1916
Cas8lty~T77. Pickens
E. — E#stimate by Postmaster or other reliable person in 1915.
Chapter Il
Physiography.
Physiographic Changes.
The surface rocks of Barbour, Upshur, and Western Randolph present only a continuation of the general physiographic features noted in many previous reports on counties lying farther west, since such changes as may be noticed are those due to more complex conditions rather than to essential differences. It is a well-established fact that, previous to Permian time, the strata of these counties lay approximately level, but that during the Permian a great series of lateral folds were formed in the western Appalachian region, resulting in gentle dips along the Appalachian Geosyncline that passes through the western part of the State, but becoming more noticeable in the eastern counties until they culminated in the great folds of the Appalachian region. Subsequent to this era of folding a long interval of gradual erosion took place until in Cretaceous time the central and western counties had been reduced to a peneplain with only occasional monadnocks extending above it, conspicuous among which may be mentioned Bear Knob in northwestern Upshur and Turkeybone Mountain in Randolph south of Pickens. The general character of this great peneplain was that of a gentle slope from the mountains northwestward toward the great basin.
The Cretaceous peneplain had hardly been completed when another season of uplift occurred that raised the general surface to a much higher level, until in late Cretaceous or early Tertiary time the work of erosion began again, reducing the general surface to a. second peneplain in the latter period. Late in the Tertiary a third series of foldings occurred that
West Virginia Geological Survey. 29
raised the AUeghanies to their greatest height. The present period being one of erosion, the irregularities of the last uplift are now being reduced toward the inevitable peneplain.
A view from Bear Knob southeastward toward Rich Mountain presents a gradual succession of higher and higher lidges, culminating in this great escarpment, which, together with the Laurel Ridge, its northern extension, forms the eastern boundary of the area studied in this report. This general succession is broken here and there by sharp peaks that rise 100 feet or more above the general level of the ridges, each of these being a monument to one of the previous cycles of erosion. In western Upshur a noticeable feature is present along a line starting at Rock Cave and extending roughly northeastward parallel to the line of strike, by way of Frenchton, Abbott, Brushy Fork, and Buckhannon to Post Mill, along which local peneplanation has been carried to a much more advanced stage in the soft shales of the Conemaugh Series. In eastern Barbour much the same condition occurs along the axis of the Belington Syncline, between Belington, Meadowville, and Nestorville where peneplanation is far advanced in these same Conemaugh shales.
Instances of stream capture are numerous. In general, the waters of the West Fork and the Little Kanawha Rivers are rapidly cutting their way into the drainage basins of the Buckhannon and Tygart Valley Rivers, these two latter streams occupying a much higher level so that a channel once cut through from the lower drainage basin will often secure the water of a considerable stream. A comparison of the parallel drainage basins of the West Fork and the Buckhannon together with the Tygart Valley into which it flows while preserving the same general course, shows that Clarksburg on the West Fork is approximately 300 feet lower than Philippi at an opposite point on the Tygart Valley, and Weston on the West Fork is 400 feet lower than Buckhannon at the opposite point on the Buckhannon River. This difference together with the further favorable fact that the surface rocks between the two drainage basins are mostly the soft red shales of the Conemaugh Series, has given the waters of West Fork a powerful advantage. In northern Barbour the
topography seems to indicate that the watershed between Simpson Creek of West Fork and Foxgrape Run of the Tygart Valley was once located near Astor in the edge of Taylor County, as the directions of Bearden Run, West Branch, and Camp Run indicate that tljeir drainage flowed past the low divide at Berryburg and through the channel of Foxgrape Run to the Tygart Valley.
The valley of Elk Creek oflFers another well-known example of stream piracy. East of Overfield the tributary streams all point eastward, showing that at some former time the parent stream must have also had this same general direction, and the topography indicates that this water once reached the Tygart Valley through the valley of a small branch one mile and a half south of Philippi. The original watershed was probably just east of Overfield.
In northern Upshur, Charity Fork once flowed into Pecks Run, but Gnatty Creek has stolen this water and turned it westward at an angle of more than ninety degrees from its original course. Gnatty Creek is also rapidly cutting its way into the main drainage of Pecks Run. Ray V. Hennen is authority for the statement that at the low gap 1.6 miles northwest of Pecks Run village a cut 100 feet long and 25 feet deep would divert the western end of Pecks Rui> into Gnatty Creek.
A further study of the topographic map reveals that at the head of Hackers Creek, 1.2 miles southwest of Pecks Run, the waters of the creek have almost eaten their way into the drainage of Sugar Fork of Turkey Run, there being only a low divide left. It is a significant fact, as shown by Map IV, that both the Pittsburgh and Redstone Coals lie at such a level here that when once mined, drainage channels would be established along the westward dip that would aid materially. The elevation of the Pittsburgh Coal at the extreme head of Hackers Creek is 1400 feet and the elevation of the Buckhannon River at the mouth of Turkey Run is the same, so that the mining of the coal in this region may cause the eventual capture of the Buckhannon River for the West Fork through the medium of Hackers Creek.
The map also shows that at the divide between Stonecoal
West Virginia Geological Survey. 3I
Creek and Fink Run, one-half mile west of Lorentz, a further erosion of 40 to 50 feet might turn the waters of the Buckhannon River into Stonecoal Creek and West Fork through the channel of Fink Run. At this point, also, the Redstone Coal has a westward dip, cropping near Lorentz on the Buckhannon side of the watershed at an elevation of about 1400 feet and appearing again on the head of Stonecoal at an elevation of 1300 feet. The mining of this coal will no doubt hasten the eventual cutting through the watershed.
Another instance of the unequal struggle between the two rivers, previously mentioned by the writer\ occurs near Atlas, where the Right Fork of Stonecoal Creek has cut its way through the soft Conemaugh shales, securing the drainage from Wolfpen Run, Straight Run, Pringle Fork, Brushlick Run, Bear Run, Spruce Fork, and Glady Fork, all of which, from their direction, evidently once flowed eastward through Brushy Fork of Fink Run to the Buckhannon River at Buckhannon, it being plain that the watershed between Brushy Fork and Right Fork of Stonecoal was once located in Lewis County, a short distance west of Wolfpen Run.
The four instances above enumerated, at the head of Elk, at the head of Hackers Creek, at Lorentz, and at Atlas, indicate a lively contest between the West Fork tributaries for the honor of first tapping the main drainage channel of the Buckhannon. Time alone will tell which of these streams will win, but the final capture of the Buckhannon at one of these points seems inevitable.
In the region southwest of Frenchton the West Fork has robbed French Creek of much of its drainage, including Fall Run, Straight Fork, Crooked Run and Whites Camp Fork, the divide of the parent streams having once been less than onehalf mile east of Jewell Station.
The Little Kanawha River in southern Upshur is also active in its assault on the drainage of the Buckhannon River, as previously noted by TafF and Brooks, as follows
"Other striking examples of diverted streams may be seen in the whole of the drainage of Little Kanawha River above Arlington. The headwater drainage of this river has persistently and rapidly cut
*Lewi8 and Gilmer Report, "W. Va. O. S., p. 22; 1916. "Buckhannon Folio No. 34, XT. S. Geological Survey; 1896.
northward, moving its watershed, and has captured the waters of . Laurel, Cow, and Getout Runs, which originally belonged to French Creek and flowed northward into Buckhannon River."
The instances outlined above indicate that French Cre k must have lost more than half of its original drainage to t tributaries of West Fork and Little Kanawha.
In eastern Barbour a noticeable feature is Teter Cre which, in the neighborhood of Kirt, flows northward for several miles along a high shelf well up against the Laurel Ridge. On the west side the tributaries of Sugar and Glady Creeks have cut their channels almost through the low dividing ridge and will evidently soon rob Teter Creek of this portion of its drainage area.
The three rivers shown on Map I, the Buckhannon, Middle Fork, and Tygart Valley, seem to have been influenced but little by the geologic structure. They have all preserved their courses regardless of the pitch of the rocks or the direction of the anticlines and synclines. Locally, however, these rivers all have frequent meanders although their valleys are narrow, indicating that these bends were developed during one of the ancient peneplains, probably the Cretaceous, and that they have been preserved practically intact in the subsequent elevations of the land, and that the present cycle of erosion is still too young for them to have cut wide valleys. The Tygart Valley above Elkins, however, shows a typically base-leveled condition as the meanders are all confined to the valley. This condition is very probably due to the fact that the stream here flows through the relatively soft strata of the Upper Devonian, enabling it to reach base-level more quickly than otherwise.
Drainage Basins.
The following table, prepared by Teets, gives a list of the principal streams of the area of this Report, their lengths being divided into sections, usually between large tributaries, and the rate of fall and length, both actual stream measurement and air-line distances, being determined. The last column shows the ratio between the total distance (T.D.) and the air-line distance (A.L.D.). Those having the greatest ratio
go
West Virginia Geological Survey.
are usually streams that have the more nearly reached baselevel :
Table of Stream Data.
Streams.
g
Ec
£
o5
d
Oq
aci
Tygart Valley River, Elkins to Belington
Tygart Valley River, Belington to Tygart Junction
Tygart Valley River, Tygart Junction to Big Sandy Creek
Pleasant Creek, first road fork to
mouth
Sandy Creek Colebank to Dent. . .
Sandy Creek, Dent to mouth ,
Teter Creek, Kirt to Nestorville. . Teter Creek. Nestorville to mouth Laurel Creek, mouth Glady Creek
to mouth
Glady Creek, Meadowville to
mouth
Sugar Creek, Flora to mouth... Hackers Creek, Elk District Line
to mouth I
Beaver Creek, Tigheview to mouth Zebs Creek, Grassy Fork to mouth Roaring Creek, Mabie to Coalton.l Roaring Creek, Coalton to mouth. Simpson Creek, Berryburg to Bart-lett
Run
Enk Creek, Indian Fork to Overfield Elk Creek, Overfield to Gnatty Creek Elk Creek, Gnatty Creek to Brushy
Fork
Brushy Fork, Pepper to Glade Run Brushy Fork, Glade Run to mouth Gnatty Creek, Peeltree to mouth. Rooting Creek, Harrison Co.
Line to mouth
Middle Fork River, forks to Yokum.
Middle Fork River, Yokum to mouth.
Right Fork, Hemlock to Queen . . .
Right Fork, Queen to mouth
Left Fork, Adolph to Casslty
Left Fork, Cassity to mouth
Long Run, Loda to mouth
Buckhannon River, Alexander to Tenmile
I 11.7 I 360
Physiography.
Streams.
Buckhannon River, Tenmlle to Fink
Run
Buckhannon River, Fink Run to Century Junction
Buckhannon River, Century Junction to mouth
Big Run, Century to mouth
Pecks Run, Pecks Run to mouth.. Sand Run, Benson School to Overhill
Sand Run, Overhill to mouth
Turkey Run, Coon Fork to mouth. .
Fink Run, Lorentz to mouth
French Creek, Frenchton to French
Creek
French Creek, French Creek to
mouth
Panther Fork, Stockerts to mouth
Left Fork of Buckhannon, Phillips
Camp Run to Palace Valley. . .
Left Fork of Buckhannon, Palace
Valley to mouth
Right Fork of Buckhannon, Pickens
to Newlon
Right Fork of Buckhannon, Newlon to mouth
Left Fork of Right Fork, Helvetia to Newlonton
Hackers Creek, Ruraldale to Berlin.
Hackers Creek, Berlin to mouth
Jesse Run, Upshur County Line to
mouth
Right Fork of Stonecoal Creek,
Glady Fork to Homer
Little Kanawha River, Holly Grove
to Stlllman
Little Kanawha River, Stillman to
Ingo
Little Kanawha River, Ingo to Wildcat
Right Fork, Rockcamp Run to
Cleveland
Right Fork. Cleveland to Wildcat.
Elk River, Valley Fork to Mill Run. .
Back Fork, Hewett Fork to Skelt.
Sugar Creek, Anderson Camp to
mouth
3.8 I 1.8 3.5 I 1.5 8.4 I 1.1 9.4 1 1.2
West Virginia Geological Survey. 35
The following table, prepared by Teets, gives a planimetric
determination of the areas of the different drainage basins of the territory of this report, the U. S. topographic sheets being used for authority :
Areas for Drainage Basins
streams Square Miles.
Tygart Valley River, entire 1486.00
Tygart Valley River, including Pleasant Creek 1205.00
Pleasant Creek 11.22
Sandy Creek 90.26
Big Cove Run 4.20
Teter Creek 47.80
Laurel Creek, total 54.00
Glady Creek 9.06
Sugar Creek 31 .50
Hackers Creek 10.55
Beaver Creek 8.25
Zebs Creek. 4 .75
Roaring Creek 29.76
Simpson Creek 84.60
Elk Creek including Brushy Fork 107.40
Brushy Pork 21.10
Gnatty Creek 33.90
Rooting Creek 12.45
Middle Fork River 161.20
Right Pork 31.00
Left Pork 78.75
Long Run 9.30
Cassity Pork 16.20
Buckhannon River 310.15
Big Run 6.60
Pecks Run 13.60
Sand Run 29.40
Turkey Run 8.75
Pink Run 16.65
Little Sand Run 5.70
French Creek 49.50
Laurel Pork 13.00
Tenmile Creek 8 . 50
Panther Pbrk 6.25
Left Fork of Buckhannon 37.40
Right Pork of Buckhannon 53 .00
Left Pork of Right Pork 18.15
Hackers Creek of West Pork 54.40
Jesse Run 10 . 74
Right Fork of Stonecoal Creek 20.50
Little Kanawha River, both branches above Wildcat... 98.80
Right Fork 36.70
Elk River above Mill Run 106.00
Back Fork 70.00
Sugar Creek 24.15
Description Of Drainage Basins.
Tygart Valley River.
The Tygart Valley River, which forms the principal drainage basin of Barbour and of a large portion of Randolph and Upshur, is a northward flowing stream, having its rise at Bald Knob, Pocahontas County, and, together with the West Fork, forming the Monongahela River at Fairmont. The tida. elevation at its source is approximately 4000 feet; at Elkins it is 1900 feet; at the Randolph-Barbour Line, 1750 feet; at the Barbour-Taylor Line, 1000 feet ; and at Fairmont, 860 feet, a total fall of 3140 feet; and its length from head to mouth is 112 miles. Its early course in the mountains is rapid, but below Elkwater in western Randolph it reaches a practically base-leveled condition which continues as far as Elkins, the river valley being broad and straight with many meanders of the stream from side to side. Below Elkins, however, the river undergoes a great transformation from its previous placid course and again becomes a rough turbulent stream, littered with the debris from the Pottsville Rocks through which it has cut its way. For several miles north and south of Belington it is again quiet, due no doubt to the influence of the Belington Syncline which crosses it there. At Wilmoth Fojd it again becomes rough and so remains all the way to Berryburg Junction below Philippi, after which a few miles of quiet water appear. From Arden to the Taylor Line it is rough and rapid, and from the Taylor Line to its mouth at Fairmont its prevailing character is turbulent, although there are a few quiet stretches. Nearly all of its course in Barbour is through the hard rocks of the Pottsville Series, great boulders from which litter its channel, making it one of the most picturesque streams in the State. The total area of its drainage basin is 1435 square miles, and of that portion above and including Pleasant Creek is 1205 square miles.
The principal tributaries in Barbour and western Randolph are Pleasant Creek, Big Sandy Creek, Big Cove Run, Teter Creek, Laurel Creek, Hackers Creek, Buckhannon River, Middle Fork River, Beaver Creek, Zebs Creek, and Roaring Creek.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
The Water-Resources Branch of the U. S. Geological Survey has maintained a gaging station at Belington since 1907, the results of which, as published in Water-Supply Papers Nos. 243, 263, 283, 303, 323, 353, 383, and 403, are here assembled, as follows:
Discharge measurements of Tygart Valley River at Belington,
W. Va., in 1907 and 1908.
Date
Hydrographer
Jane 6
Jnne 6
August 19
September 16
August 8
H. Horton
Z. £. Langley
H. Horton
Horton and Padgett, H. Horton
1 I Are* I Gage I Dis-
See.-ft
W. G. Hoyt.
Feet
Sq.Ft.
Feet
Daily gage height, in feet, of Tygart Valley River at Belington,
W. Va., for 1907.
[Observers, Charles Brandenburg and S. A. Campbell.]
S
T
5.S
Oct. I Now
Physiography.
Daily gage height, in feet, of Tygart Valley River at Belington,
W. Va., for 1908.
[Observers, Charles Brandenburg and S
Dtj
Jan. 1 Feb.
Apr.
May
Jun%
July
Aug.
1 Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
J
e.J
'4.6
I 8.0
J
"
Discharge measurements of Tygart Valley River at Belington,
W. Va., in 1909.
Date
December 4
Hydrographer
Feet
A. H. Horton 1 180
A. H. Horton J 186
G. L. Parker I 186
Aresr
JWMthlofsec- 1 tion
Sq.Ft.
Gage I Dis. Height I charge
Feet
See.'fi
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Daily gage height, in feet, of Tygart Valley River at Belington,
W. Va., for 1909.
Day
e
s
July
Oct. 1 Nov.
Dec
4.fi
4:ot
Discharge measurements of Tygart Valley River at Belington,
W. Va., in 1910.
Date
Hydrographcr
February 17 Febmary 20 February 20
Augaat 28
October 10
T. T. T. T. T.
Bailey. Bailey. Bailey. Bailey.
Feet
Bailey I 218
Are*
Sq.Ff.
Gage I Dis- Height I charge
Feet
See.'fi
Physiography.
Daily gage height, in feet, of Tygart Valley River at Belington,
W. Va., for 1910.
Day
IJan.
Mar.
1 Apr.
May J June
Ijuly
Aug.
Sept.
Oct
Nov.
Dec
S.J
Note. — Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan; 1 and 2, Feb. 5 to 16, and Dec. 6 to 24. Observer reported ice gorged Feb. 10 to 16.
Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tygart Valley River at
Belington, W. Va., for 1907-1910.
Day.
June
July I Aug. I Sept.
I Aug. I
Oct
Nov.
Dec.
a
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Daily discharge, in sccond-fcct, of Tygart Valley River at Belington, W. Va., for 1907-1910 — Continued.
Day.
Sept.
Oct, Nov. 1 Dec.
So
1,0701 16,500 696 f 1,920 646 1,600
J
Day J Jan. I Feb.
jlMar.J
Apr.
Aug. j Sept.
A
Oct. 1 Nov.
20 '.'., f 694 f 1,250 [ 3,710 f 2.160
I 1,310
h.
I9 1 1.560
Dec.
Physiography.
Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tygart Valley River at Belington, W. Va., for 1907-1910— Continued,
Dy
H
Feb. I Mar.
Apr.
Oct. I Nov.
Dee.
S3
J
tl8
Day
Is
Oct 1 Nov.
Dec
49S
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Day
Oct. I Nov.
Dec
I Jan.
T
Feb. "I Mar. i Apr.
May
Ojuly
So
Note. — Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating cunre poorly defined up to 36 second-feet (gage height 2.2 feet), well defined between 47 to 2,150 second feet (gage height 8.8 and 6.5 feet), and poorly defined above 8,880 second-feet (gage height 6.6 feet). No notes relative to ice were kept by the gage observer during 1907 and 1908. From a study of climatologic data for the winter periods it appears that the relation of gage height to discharge was not affected by ice during 1907 and 1908. Dailv discharge determinations for November, 1908, are probably much too high.
Daily discharge Jan. 30 to Feb. 5, 1909 and Dec. 19 to 81, 1909, estimated because of ice, from climatologic records and run-off in adjacent drainage areas. Mean discharge Dec 19 to 81, 1909, estimated 186 second-feet
Daily discharge Jan. 1 and 8, Feb. 5 to 16, and 'Dec. 6 to 84, 1910, estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records, discharge of adjacent drainage areas, and gage observer's notes. Mean discharge Feb. 5 to 16, 1910, estimated about 888 secondfeet, varying from about 400 to 8,000 second-feet Mesn discharge Dec 6 to 84, 1910, estimated about 100 second-feet, varying from about 60 to 800 second-feet
Monthly discharge of Tygart Valley River at Belington, W.
Va., for 1907-1910.
[Drainage area, 390 square miles.]
Month.
Discharge in second-feet.
S
'5
ft
i— CO
&
M
u o
June 6-80 ,
July
August
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
J
B. B. A. A. A. A. A.
A. B. A. A. B. A. A. B.
Physiography.
Monthly discharge of Tygart Valley River at Belington, W.
Month.
Discharge in second fet.
E B
E
zs
E
'S
b
S s
u u
September October . . November Deccmrer
The year,
January . . February March . . .
April
May
June
July
August . . September October . . November December
The year.
January . . February March . . .
Ayril
May
Tunc
July
August . . September October . . November December
The vear.
S.020
2,540 2,870 5,800 1,560 2,960 *,u70 1,700 6,720 I.SIOJ
al40
I 652
I-
D.
B. B. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. B. A.
B. A. A. A. A. B. A. B. B. D.
a February, 1909, minimum discharge estimated, fr January, 1910, minimum discharge estimated. Note. — See foot-notes to tables of daily discharge! for notes relative to estimated periods.
Discharge measurements of Tygart Valley River at Belington,
W. Va., in 1911.
Date
Hydrographer
Gage
Discharge
January 17
February 1
November 1
C. T. Bailey C. T. BaUey R. Perwien . .
J Feet VSec.'ft ' 6.38 I 2.OO0 6.48 I 2,080 8.14 I 227
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Daily gage height, in feet, of Tygart Valley River at Belington,
W. Va., for 1911.
Day
1 Jan.
1 Apr.
May
1 Junfe
July
Sept
Oct j Nov.
Dec
S
Is
.6
NoTB. — No ice reported by observer. Relation of gage height to discharge proba* biy not affected by ice during 1911.
Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tygart Valley River at
Belington, W. Va., for 1911.
Day
Jan. 1 Feb. Mar. J Apr.
Aug. Sept.
Oct. i Nov.
Dec
Physiography.
Day
to
I 1,020| 8601 6461 8,620
I 4,110 9,980
1,860 1,260 1,070 f 1,2601 2,280
llOf 166| 644 I 8,680
I 861 6.720
Note. — Daily discharge determined from a discharge rating curve well defined between 78 and 2,640 second-feet (gage heights, 2.5 and 7.0 feet).
Monthly discharge of Tygart Valley River at Belington, W.
Va., for 1911.
[Drainage area, 390 square miles.]
Month.
Discharge in second'feet.
B
K
e s
Is
'1 6
m u U
January . February March . . . April May . . . . .
June uiy
August . . September October . , November December
The year.
B. A. A. A. A. A. A. B. B. B.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Daily gage height, in feet, of Tygart Valley River at Belington,
W. Va., for 1912.
Oct
Not.
Dee.
a6.5
i 4.9 I 3.751 2.98
frozen over; average thickness ot ice. 6 inches. Jan. 19, ice going out; average thick* ness of ice. 8 inches. Feb. 5 to 16 river at gage and at control frozen over; average thickness of ice, 4 to 6 inches."
Daily discharge in second-feet, of Tygart Valley River at
Belington, W. Va., for 1912.
Dy
1 Jan. 1 Feb. 1 Mar. Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct Nov.
Dec
9
" 117
Physiography.
2S
le
J
I 8,810
I 2 9601
84d
Note. — Daily discharge computed from two rating curves fairly well defined between 40 and 2,600 second-feet and poorly defined above 2.500 second-feet. The 1907- 1911 rating curve was used Jan. 1 to July 25, 1912, and sr new curve from July 26 to Dec. 31, 1912. The change in rating curve is based on two discharge measurements made Sept. 4, 1912, and Mar. SO. 1913 the preparation of this report). The new curve was made to coincide with the old above 4,900 second-feet. See "Accuracy."
Discharge Jan. 9-19 and Feb. 4-20 estimated, because of ice. from gage heights, observer's notes, climatologic records, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 9-10, 500 second-feet; Feb. 4-20, 400 second-feet. These estimates of discharge for periods when the relation of gage height to discharge is believed to have been affected by ice are based on insufficient data and therefore should be used with caution.
Monthly discharge of Tygart Valley River at Belington, W.
Va., for 1912.
[Drainage area, 390 square miles.]
Month.
Discharge in second-feet.
January
February . . .
March
April
May
June
July
August
September . . October November . . , December . . .
The year
u
D. D. B. B. B. B. B. B. B.
Note. — .See foot-note to table of daily discharge.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Iaily gage height, in feet, of Tygart Valley River at Belington, W. Va., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1913.
May
Junfe
Jttly J AMH.l.Sept
S
8.S6
Noix. — Observer made no notes concerning lA. Discharge relation probably not materially affected by ice during the year ending Sept. 80, 1918.
Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tygart Valley River at Belington, W. Va., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1913.
Day
Oct. I Nov. 1 Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.] May J June J July J Aug.] Sept
I I I I
nor 8,300 86| 1,800 146| 784 140) 2,470 865 j 8,000
86[ 88] 679 1,580 811 llOf l,070l 5.060 811 8,890t 6881 5,720 74 1,680] 564) 6,410 681 954 458 8,630
;t
i I I
Physiography.
Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tygart Valley River at
Belington, W. Va., for the year ending Sept.
Ig
Day
Oct. Nov. f Dec
J
Jan.
J
167 f 954 172 1,180 1781 1,070
I Mar. Apr. j
May J June
I July
' 1,010
I 1,180| f8,2S0|
Monthly discharge of Tygart Valley River at Belington, W. Va., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1913.
[Drainage area, 390 square miles.]
Month.
October . , November December January . . February March . . .
April
May
Tunc
Jaiy
August . . September
The year.
Discharge in second* feet.
a
E
e
a
u
S'iJ
a,
C""
s
T3
B. B. B. B. B.
a
B. B.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Si
Discharge measurements of Tygart Valley River at Belington, W. Va., during the year ending Sept. 30, 1914.
Date
Made by
Gage Dto-
Height charga
Prtrmon and Walters ,., , ,.., ,.. ..
Feet
SeC'ft
Peterson and Walters
Daily gage height, in feet, of Tygart Valley River at Belington, W. Va., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914.
1 I i
Day 1
Jan.
1 Feb. I Mar. Apr. 1 May l June 1 July 1 Aug.
Sept
NoTF. — DischafRe relation probably not materially affected by ice during the year.
Physiography.
Tygart Valley River at Belington, W. Va.
Location. — At highway bridge at Belington, Barbour County, onefourth mile above mouth of Mill Creek. - Drainage Area. — 390 square miles.
Record Avallable.-*June 6, 1907, to September 'iO, 1916.
Gage. — Chain gage attached to the upstream side of highway bridge to left of center of the river; read daily, in the morning, to hundredths, by S. A. Campbell. Sea-level elevation of zero of gage, 1,679.89 feet.
Diecharge Measurements. — Made from upstream side of the bridge.
Channel and Control. — Practically permaiient. loint of zero flow by leveling, August 22, 1910, at gage height about 1.6 feet; on November 6, 1913, this stage was found to be 1.4 feet ±0.2 foot.
Extremes of Stage. — Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.6 feet at 7 a. m., February 2, 1916; minimum stage, 1.70 feet October 2, 1914. Flood of July, 1912, reached gage height, 20.8 feet
Winter Flow. — Ice may affect discharge relation for two or three weeks at a time during December, January, and February.
Accuracy. — Gage-height record reliable. Estimates of discharge withheld for additional data. The following discharge measurements were made by J. G.
Mathers.
November 24, 1914: Gage height, 2.37 feet; discharge, 37 secondfeet. Gage height, 2.84 feet; discharge, 34 second-feet.
Daily gage height, in feet, of Tygart Valley River at Belington, W. Va., for die year ending Sept. 30, 1915.
o..
Oct,
1 Dec.
1 Jan. 1 Feb.
1 Mar. 1 Apr.
May
S
It
S.6
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Daily gage height, in feet, of Tygart Valley River at Belington, W. Va., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915 (Continued).
Day [ Oct. f Nov. f Dec. Jan. f Feb.
Mar. f Apr.
May f June
cpt.
Note. — River frozen over Nov. 24 and Dec. 16-19.
Pleasant Creek rises in Barbour, near the Taylor Line, flows eastward and crosses the Taylor Line, emptying into the Tygart Valley, one-half mile above Stonehouse, the elevation of its source being 1700 feet and of its mouth 995 feet, making a total fall of 705 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 11.22 square miles.
Sandy Creek rises at the common corner of Barbour, Preston, and Tucker, at an elevation of 3000 feet, flows northwestward, emptying into the Tygart Valley at the Barbour- Taylor Line, the elevation at that point being 1020 feet. Throughout most of its course, it is a rapid stream. The area of its drainage basin is 90.25 square miles.
Big Cove Run rises in northeastern Barbour at an elevation of 1800 feet, flows westward and empties into the Tygart Valley at Cove Run Station, its elevation at that point being 1050 feet, making a total fall of 750 feet. Throughout most of its course, it is a placid, base-leveled stream, but one mile above its mouth it changes to a raging torrent and so continues to the river. The area of its drainage basin is 4.2 square miles.
Tetcr Creek rises on a high shelf along the slope of the Laurel Ridge, 2j miles south of Kirt, flows northward for about five miles, then veers to the northwest and empties into the Tygart Valley at Moatsville. The elevation of its source is about 2500 feet, and of its mouth 1130 feet, making a total fall of 1370 feet. The stream reaches a base-leveled condition where the Belington Syncline crosses it above Nestorville but through most of its course it is rough. The area of its drainage basin is 47.30 square miles.
Laurel Creek rises on the slope of the Laurel Ridge three
miles northeast of Belington, at an elevation of about 2500 feet, flows northwestward through a tortuous channel and empties into the Tygart Valley one mile below Arden, at an elevation of 1210 feet, the total fall being 1290 feet. One mile north of Vannoys Mill, the creek forks, the more northern branch being called Glady Creek and the southern' or main branch being known as Sugar Creek. These two creeks have nearly reached the base-leveled condition along the Belington Syncline, but farther north the main creek it still rough. The area of its drainage basin is 54 square miles.
Hackers Creek of Tygart Valley River rises in central Barbour about one mile and a half southwest of Berryburg, at an elevation of 1700 feet, flows eastward, and empties into the Tygart Valley at Berryburg Junction, the elevation at that point being 1300 feet, making a total fall of 400 feet. The area of its drainage basin, including Foxgrape Run, its principal tributary, is 10.55 square miles.
Beaver Creek rises against the slope of the Laurel Ridge about two miles east of Dartmoor, at an elevation of about 2700 feet, flows generally southwestward and empties into the Tygart Valley just above Gage, at an elevation of 1715 feet, making a total fall of 985 feet. Throughout the lower course, it is rough but between Weaver and Tigheview it is placid. The area of its drainage basin is 8.25 square miles. Beaver Creek is peculiar in that it flows toward the parent stream at an opposite angle from that which a tributary stream usually assumes, the explanation for this fact not being apparent.
Zebs Creek rises in Barbour 3 miles southwest of Belington, at an elevation of 2200 feet, flows southward and empties into the Tygart Valley at the Randolph Line, at an elevation of 1740 feet, the total fall being 460 feet. This creek, like Beaver on the east side, flows into the river at an unnatural angle, its course being almost opposite to that of the parent stream. The area of its drainage basin is 4.75 square miles.
Roaring Creek rises in Randolph 2 miles north of Cassity, at an elevation of about 2800 feet, flows principally northward and empties into the Tygart Valley at Roaring Creek Junction, at an elevation of 1840 feet, making a total fall of 960 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 29.75 square miles, Flatbush
West Virginia Geological Survey. 55
Fork being the principal tributary, while the opposite or eastern fork heads against Rich Mountain. The creek derives its name from the fact that throughout several miles of its lower course it flows over the great conglomerate ledges of the upper Pottsville, making it extremely turbulent and rough.
Simpson Creek,
Simpson Creek rises in northern Barbour at Berryburg, at an elevation of 1600 feet, flows northwestward across Taylor County and empties into the West Fork River at Meadowbrook, Harrison County, the elevation at that point being 900 feet. Throughout its length it is a sluggish stream, being nearly base-leveled. The area of its drainage basin is 84.6 square miles, only a small portion of which is in Barbour.
Elk Creek.
Elk Creek rises in central Barbour near Tygart Junction, the elevation of its source being 1600 feet, flows northwestward and empties into the West Fork River at Clarksburg, Harrison County, the elevation at that point being 925 feet. The topographic map clearly shows that this creek has stolen from the Tygart Valley River the upper portion of its drainage basin above Overfield, its source now being within one mile of the main drainage channel of the river. The area of its drainage basin is 121.7 square miles. Its principal tributaries are Brushy Fork and Gnatty Creek.
Brushy Fork rises in northwestern Barbour, l.S miles northeast of Pepper, its elevation being 1700 feet, flows generally westward, and empties into Elk Creek one mile below Quiet Dell, Harrison County, the elevation at the mouth being 960 feet, making a total fall of 740 feet. Like nearly all the other West Fork tributaries, it is a sluggish stream. The area of its drainage basin is 21.1 square miles, only about half of which is in Barbour.
Gnatty Creek rises in Barbour, near the common corner of that county with Upshur and Harrison, its elevation there being 1600 feet, flows generally northwestward, and empties
into Elk Creek one-half mile below Romines Mills, the eleva tion there being 995 feet, making a total fall of 605 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 33.90 square miles, a considerable portion of which is in Harrison. It is a quiet stream approaching base-level.
Rooting Creek rises in northwestern Upshur, 2.3 miles west of Ruraldale, at an elevation of 1525 feet, flows nearly due north and empties into Gnatty Creek one-half mile above Romines Mills, its elevation at that point being 1005 feet, making a total fall of 520 feet. It is a sluggish stream but has not yet reached base-level. The area of its drainage basin is 12.45 square miles, most of which is in Harrison County.
Middle Fork River.
The Middle Fork River rises in Randolph County 3 miles east of Hartridge, the elevation of its source on Rich Mountain being 3800 feet, flows northward and empties into the Tygart Valley at Middle Fork in Barbour, its elevation there being 1490 feet, making a total fall of 2310 feet. This geat fall, together with the fact that throughout almost its entire length it flows through the Pottsville Series the boulders from which litter its channel, makes it one of the most rough and turbulent watercourses of the State. The area of its drainage basin is 151.2 square miles, a portion of which is in Upshur. Owing to the steep mountains on either side, the run-off is violent but is checked somewhat by the wooded condition of the watershed which insures a considerable flow during the dry summer months. The principal tributaries are Right Fork and Left Fork.
Right Fork rises in Randolph near High Germany Knob, at an elevation of 3400 feet, flows generally northward and meets Left Fork at the Upshur-Randolph Line, one-half mile south of Gale, the elevation at the junction being 1830 feet, making a total fall of 1570 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 31 square miles. The stream is rough and turbulent throughout its course.
Left Fork rises in Randolph on Rich Mountain at an elevation of 3800 feet, flows slightly west of north and meets Left
r
Fi
West Virginia Geological Survey. 57
Fork at the point above mentioned near Gale, its total fall being 1970 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 78.75 square miles, and like the Left Fork it is rough and rapid in the extreme. Its principal tributaries are Long Run and Cassity Fork.
Long Run rises in Randolph near See Camp Gap, at an elevation of 3250 feet, flows due north and empties into Left Fork of Middle Fork four miles northwest of Cassity, its elevation there being 1875 feet. Its course throughout is nearl} straight, and the area of its drainage basin is 9.3 square miles.
Cassity Fork rises against Rich Mountain at an elevation of 3500 feet, flows westward and empties into Left Fork of Middle Fork at Cassity, its elevation there being 2005 feet, making a total fall of 1495 feet. Its course is entirely through a wooded region, extremely rough and inaccessible. The distance from head to mouth is only a few miles but there are several large branches of almost equal size, making the run-off large at the mouth of the stream. The area of its drainage basin is 16.2 square miles.
Buckhannon River.
The Buckhannon River rises at the Parting Springs, 4.5 miles southeast of Pickens, Randolph County, at an elevation of 3750 feet, flows northward through Upshur to Buckhannon, where it veeris to the northeast and empties into the Tygart Valley at Tygart Junction, in Barbour, the elevation at that point being 1310 feet, making a fall of 2440 feet. From its source to Hampton, the course of the stream is rough and turbulent, being mostly in the Pottsville, but from Hampton to Century Junction, it is a smooth placid stream, approaching the base-level condition. From Century Junction to its mouth, it again becomes rough and rapid, having a considerable fall. The run-off in the spring months is usually violent often causing great floods. The total area of its drainage basin is 310.15 square miles. The principal tributaries are Big Run, Pecks Run, Sand Run, Turkey Run, Fink Run, French Creek, Panther Fork, Left Fork, and Right Fork.
Big Run rises in Barbour near Century, at an elevation of 1700 feet, flows southeastward, and empties into the Buckhannon at Century Junction, the elevation of that point being 1350 feet, making a total fall of 350 feet. It is a sluggish quiet stream, having nearly reached base-level. The area of its drainage basin is 6.6 square miles.
Pecks Run rises in Upshur near its common corner with Harrison and Barbour, at an elevation of 1700 feet, flows southeastward and empties into the Buckhannon at Hall Station, in Barbour, the elevation at that point being 1375 feet, making a total fall of 325 feet. Its course through Upshur is placid, closely approaching base-level, but in Barbour it is swift and turbulent. The total area of its drainage basin is 13.6 square miles.
Sand Run rises in Upshur, 1.5 miles southwest of Kedron, at an elevation of 2100 feet, flows northward and empties into the Buckhannon one-fourth mile above Wentz Ford, the elevation there being 1385 feet, making a total fall of 715 feet. Throughout most of its course, it is a rough swift stream, the area of its drainage basin being 29.4 square miles.
Turkey Run rises in Upshur near Bear Knob, at an elevation of 1700 feet, flows southeastward and empties into the Buckhannon 2 miles northeast of Buckhannon, the elevation there being 1390 feet, making a total fall of 310 feet. Its course is very quiet, having many meanders that indicate its near approach to base-level. The area of its drainage basin is 8.75 square miles.
Fink Run rises in the edge of Lewis, 2 miles northwest of Lorentz, at an elevation of 1700 feet, flows southeastward through Upshur and empties into the Buckhannon River at Buckhannon, where its elevation is 1390 feet, making a total fall of 310 feet- This stream, like Big Run, Pecks Run, and Turkey Run, has cut practically a base-level channel nearly to its source so that the general condition is that of a placid stream. The area of its drainage basin is 16.65 square miles.
Little Sand Run rises at Ivy, in Upshur, at an elevation of 1700 feet, flows northwestward and empties into the Buckhannon River at the southern limits of South Buckhannon,
West Virginia Geological Survey. 59
the elevation there being 1395 feet, making a total fall of 305 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 5.7 square miles.
French Creek rises atthe Upshur- Lewis Line L3 miles west of Frenchton, at an elevation of 1700 feet, and flows northeastward through Upshur to Hampton, where it empties into the Buckhannon, the elevation at that point being 1405 feet, making a total fall of 295 feet. The course of the stream is very crooked, indicating a previous base-leveled condition as the meanders are through a narrow valley and the current is comparatively swift. The area of its drainage basin is 49.50 square miles. About half of its previous drainage area has been lost to the West Fork and Little Kanawha Rivers. Its principal tributary is Laurel Fork which flows in from the south emptying 1.7 miles east of French Creek town.
Tenmile Creek rises in Upshur, one-half mile west of Queen, at an elevation of 2250 feet, flows westward and empties into the Buckhannon at Tenmile, the elevation there being 1600 feet, making a total fall of 650 feet. It is a rough stream, not far advanced in the present cycle of erosion. The area of its drainage basin is 8.5 square miles.
Panther Fork rises in Upshur, three-fourths mile southwest of Hemlock, at an elevation of 2750 feet, flows northwestward and empties into the Buckhannon at Beans Mill, the elevation there being 1745 feet, making a total fall of 1005 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 6.25 square miles, most of its course being through a rough wooded region.
Left Fork of Buckhannon River rises, as previously described under the parent stream, at the Parting Springs in Randolph, flows northward to the Upshur Line where it turns to the northwest, meeting the Right Fork at Alexander, the elevation there being 1840 feet, making a total fall of 1910 feet. Its course is through a rough, wooden region, and the stream is turbulent. The area of its drainage basin is 37.4 square miles.
Right Fork of Buckhannon River rises in Randolph, 2.3 miles south of Pickens, at an elevation of 3200 feet, flows northward to Alexander where it unites with the Left Fork, the elevation at that point being 1840 feet, making a total fall of 1360 feet. It is a rough and rapid stream except between
6o PHYSIOGRAPHY.
Pickens and Silica where it has a more placid course. The area of its drainage basin is 53 square miles. At Newlon the tributaries called the Middle Fork and Left Fork branch from it, the latter being much the larger stream. This latter branch rises 1.7 miles southeast of Pickens and flows generally northward by a crooked channel until it unites with the main Right Fork at Newlon, the area of its drainage basin being 18.15 square miles.
Hackers Creek of West Fork River.
Hackers Creek rises in Upshur, 1.2 miles southwest of Pecks Run, at an elevation of about 1750 feet, flows northwestward across Upshur and through Lewis and empties into the West Fork River in Harrison County, 2 miles north of Lightburn, the elevation at its mouth being 980 feet, making a total fall of 770 feet. Its course from the head to Berlin is nearly straight but from Berlin to its mouth the valley is wide and the creek has a meandering channel, showing that it has nearly reached base-level. The area of its drainage basin is 51.4 square miles, the principal tributaries being Jesse Run, Lifes Run, and Laurel Lick.
Jesse Run rises in the northwest corner of Upshur, at an elevation of 1700 feet, flows westward and empties into Hackers Creek one mile east of Jane Lew, the elevation at that point being 1015 feet, making a total fall of 685 feet. It is a quiet stream, being practically base-leveled nearly to its head. The area of its drainage basin is 10.74 square miles.
Right Fork of Stonecoal Creek.
Right Fork of Stonecoal Creek rises in Upshur, 1.5 miles northeast of Abbott, at an elevation of about 1600 feet, flows generally northwestward into Lewis and empties into main Stonecoal Creek at Horner, where the elevation is 1020 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 20.5 square miles, all that part of it in Upshur having been stolen from Brushy Fork of Fink Run.
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 6l
Little Kanawha River.
The Little Kanawha River, which is one of the most extensive drainage channels in the State, uses in Upshur near Craddock, where its elevation is 276S feet, flows northwestward across Upshur and other counties and finally empties into the Ohio River at Parkersburg, where the elevation is 564 feet, making a total fall of 2201 feet. That portion of the stream in Upshur is rapid and turbulent, being actively engaged in a geat assault on the Buckhannon River watershed, and having cut its way to within less than one-half mile of the Right Fork of the latter stream at Craddock. The entire area of its drainage-basin is approximately 2150 square miles and its length 145 miles. Its principal tributary affecting Upshur County is the Right Fork.
Right Fork of Little Kanawha River rises at the common corner of Upshur, Lewis, and Webster, at an elevation of 2765 feet, flows northwestward 12 miles to the Little Kanawha at Wildcat, where its elevation is 940 feet, making a total fall of 1825 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 37.5 square miles. Most of the territory through which it flows is wooded, and the flow is more constant than along the lower portion of the main river. For most of its length, it is a rapid, shallow stream.
Elk River.
Elk River rises in Pocahontas County, near Spruce Knob, at an approximate elevation of 4000 feet, flows northward into Randolph, veers northwestward across Webster and Braxton, and at Sutton changes its course to the southwest and continues to Charleston, Kanawha County, where it empties into the Great Kanawha River, its total length being 172 miles. At the Whitaker Falls where it crosses the Randolph- Webster Line, the elevation is 2150 feet, making a fall of 1850 feet from its source. The area of its drainage basin above Mill Run is 106 square miles. Through Randolph County it is a rough shallow stream. Its principal tributary affecting Ran* dolph is the Back Fork.
Back Pork of Elk River rises in Randolph near the Whitman
Knob, at an elevation of about 3700 feet, flows southwestward into Webster and empties into main Elk at Webster Springs. Its elevation at the Randolph-Webster Line is 2S2S feet, making a fall of 117S feet from its source. The total area of its drainage basin is 70 scfuare miles, and its principal tributary is Sugar Creek.
Sugar Creek rises against Turkeybone Mountain, 4 miles southeast of Pickens, at an elevation of 3600 feet, flows southwestward through Randolph into Webster and empties into the Back Fork of Elk at Skelt, where its elevation is 1900 feet. The area of its drainage basin is 24.15 square miles, and its principal tributary is Little Sugar Creek.
Topographic Features.
Western Barbour and northern Upshur differ in no essential feature in their topographic forms from the other central and western counties. There is a general succession of narrow ridges broken by the intervening valleys, some of which have been worn to a considerable width by the gradual stream work. The ridges vary from 200 to 500 feet high, the ancient peneplain being represented by occasional high tops reaching 100 feet or more above the general summits. The most pronounced feature of this region is the general difference of level existing between the drainage of the Tygart Valley and Buckhannon Rivers on the east, and that of the West Fork and Little Kanawha on the west, varying from 300 to 400 feet, the streams on the west occupying the lower level. Thib difference of level between these watersheds is due to the fact that the western streams have rut their channels much deeper than the eastern ones, the general summit of the hills being much the same.
East of the Tygart Valley River, in Barbour, a more diverse topography appears, the influence of geologic structure being pronounced. East of Philippi, along the Hiram Anticline, a high range of hills appears, 100 feet or more higher than those immediately west of Philippi, while farther east along the Belington Syncline, the hills are low and rounded, and along the extreme eastern border of the county the great
West Virginia Geological Survey, 63
Laurel Ridge caused by a great uplift towers far above the low synclinal hills, at times being more than 1000 feet above them.
This same condition continues southward into Randolph County, where the same great range, under the title of Rich Mountain, changed in name but not in any essential physical feature, extends for many miles south of the Tygart Valley River which makes a gap between it and the Laurel Ridge. The effect of the Belington Syncline is visible as far south as West Huttonsville along the Middle Fork River, the hills being lower along its axis than the great ridge along the anticline to the west
In southern Upshur the geologic structure is that of a monocline rising steadily toward the mountains to the southeast and this fact is reflected in the topography, the hilltops becoming gradually higher above sea-level.
In the region south of Pickens in Randolph County, there is less structural relief between the Hiram Anticline and the Belington Syncline and the topography undergoes a corresponding change. Point Mountain branches off from Rich Mountain and extends westward with an uninterrupted skyline, dipping gradually toward the region of lower structural relief.
Part Ii.
Stratigraphy. CHAPTER 111
Structure
Description of Terms.
Geologic structure, treating of the pitch of the stratified rocks, has been amply discussed in previous Reports of the Survey. Since these Reports are available, this discussion will not be repeated here, but the following paragraph, taken from a former County Reports gives a definite idea of simple scientific terms that will benefit the general reader :
"In the discussion of these structural forms on subsequent pages, the upward bending arch is known as an anticline; the downward bending trough, a syncline; the line Joining the highest points of an anticline or the lowest points of a syncline, the axis of the fold; the direction of the horizontal edges of dipping strata, the strike; and the structural form resiilting from the sudden rise or fall of the axis of an anticline, the nose of the fold."
Method of Representing Structure.
The contour method of representing structure has been used in this Report. By this method of representation, a single coal bed or other prominent and easily recognized geological horizon is used as a "key-rock", its elevation above sea-level being determined either by observation made directly upon it or by its interval being computed from other known
*Ray V. Hennen, Monongalia-Marion-Taylor Report, W Va. Qeol. Survey, p. 76; 1913.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 65
horizons above or below it in the rock column. In this area it was not considered wise to base the structure of the whole territory on one single coal as there is such a large rise in the measures from the northwest to the southeast that any coal being at the surface in northern Upshur and western Barbour would be far above the mountains of western Randolph, and its interval down to the surface rocks only a matter of conjecture; and conversely, apy coal cropping at the surface in the southern end of the territory would, in the northwestern part, be far underground and therefore uncertain as a "keyrock" because there are not enough borings to determine its position accurately at all points needed. Consequently, it has seemed best to use a separate "key-rock" for the northwestern part and another for the southeastern area. In northern Upshur and western Barbour, the two principal surface coals are the Redstone and Pittsburgh, being about equally persistent and diflfering but little in their value for stratigraphy, but the Pittsburgh Coal has been used in previous County Reports on Harrison, Lewis, and Taylor, adjoining the counties now under discussion, and it will for that reason be used in this Report as the structural "key-rock" of the northwestern region, its elevation above sea-level at all points being shown by means of green contour lines on Maps II and IV, which accompany this Report in a separate atlas. These contours represent the base of the coal, which coincides also with the base of the Monongahela Series. Each contour is marked with figures showing the elevation that it represents, the interval between them being 25 feet.
In the southern part of Upshur, and in eastern Barbour and western Randolph, the Lower Kittanning Coal near the base of the Allegheny Series, is the most important coal, having been mined extensively, and is the most persistent horizon that is easily recognized, and will therefore be used as the "key-rock" for this region. Its elevation above sealevel is shown on Maps II and IV by red contour lines* with a 2S-foot interval between them. It is true that in portions of Middle Fork and in Mingo and Huttonsville Districts in Randolph, this coal horizon belongs entirely above the mountain tops, but its interval to the surface coals has been fairly well
determined at its last outcrop and for the sake of simplicity, its horizon has been mapped on all this southern area, as the difficulty of introducing a third "key-rock" would be considerable. The contour interval on that portion covered by the Lower Kittanning Coal is 25 fet, except along the slope of the Laurel Ridge and Rich Mountain where the strata rise so rapidly that only the hundred-foot lines are shown. The numbers are placed on them so frequently that no difficulty need be experienced about the contour interval at any point.
Reference to Maps II and IV will show that the green contours on the Pittsburgh Coal end with the 2000-foot level. This horizon was selected for the double reason that the Pittsburgh Coal passes above the hilltops along that line, and also, fortunately, the Lower Kittanning lies below the Pittsburgh at an interval of about 775 feet all along it. The Lower Kittanning horizon would therefore be found at 1225 feet above sea-level along this horizon and hence in changing to the new datum, it was only necessary to draw the 1250-foot red contour along the next 25 feet of southeastern rise in the rocks.
Each contour is a line of strike showing that the coal it represents is at the same elevation above sea-level at all points along it. The contour interval being 25 feet, with the exceptions noted for Laurel Ridge and Rich Mountain, it is possible to know, with considerable accuracy, not only the position of the coal itself but also the approximate position of any other formation above or below it in the rock column, by merely adding or subtracting its known interval to or from that of the "key-rock" depending on whether the formation desired is above or below the contoured coal. In making the maps care was used to determine, as far as possible, the position of the "key-rock" itself, readings being taken upon it either by aneroid checked frequently during the day upon spirit-level determinations on the topographical maps, or by measuring up to it with the hand-level when this method was possible. Where the contoured coal was above the hilltops or below drainage, it was necessary to use other formations as temporary "key-rocks", the intervals of which from the coal had been carefully determined at numerous points.
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. ffj
About 225 borings, either for oil or coal, have been made within the area and the records of a large number of these have been secured from the operators, and proved of great benefit in making the structure maps. There is no large variation in the thickness and intervals of the various rock formations above the Lower Kittanning Coal, but below this coal there is a very great variation caused by the southward expansion of the Pottsville Series. In order to secure the best possible results, numerous careful geologic sections were made at frequent points, usually with hand-level directly on the strike of the rocks. From these sections the two following tables were compiled, the first showing the approximate intervals of the coals and other important formations above and below the Pittsburgh Coal at numerous points, and the second table showing the same information for the Lower Kittanning. In the first table, no intervals are shown below the Kittanning and on the second none is shown above the Pittsburgh Coal. The intervals in both tables between the Pittsburgh and Kittanning. are identical but convenience makes repetition desirable in both tables.
The detailed sections from which the following tables were made, as well as many other sections, are published in Chapter IV and should be carefully studied by those who desire to make local studies of anv coal or other formation, since thev contain much detailed information that can not be shown in the tables of intervals or on Maps II and IV. In order to find the approximate elevation of any coal, its interval from the Pittsburgh or Iower Kittanning, as the case may be, should first be obtained from one of the following tables or from the local section for the nearest point. With the structure contours as a guide, the coal should then be easily found:
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DETAILED STRUCTURE. General Features.
As shown by Map II, the structure of western Barbour has been only slightly disturbed by upward or lateral movements, the dip of the rocks being gentle and usually perceptible only by careful levels. In the central part the disturbance is more marked and along the eastern boundary the great arches, in western Randolph, have lifted the rocks to such a height that the base of the Pottsville Series is near the top of Laurel Ridge. Taken as a whole, the structure sheet of the county shows a rise from the west toward the east, being at first gradual and finally abrupt, and interrupted by a few synclinal basins.
In Upshur, as shown by Map IV, the prevailing structural condition is a long gentle monocline, giving the rocks a gradual rise southeastward toward the mountains of Randolph, interrupted by only two shallow synclines that enter the northwestern corner of the county. Upshur is too far west to be affected by the great folds just east of Laurel Ridge.
In western Randolph the structure is a southward continuation of the features of eastern Barbour, there being a gradual rise to the south along the axes of the structural folds and on the east a sharp uplift along Rich Mountain, which is a continuation of Laurel Ridge southwestward.
The lowest structural point shown on the maps is in northwestern Upshur where the Pittsburgh Coal is somewhat less than 1200 feet above sea-level along the Grassland Syncline, being about the same as at the point where the Ligonier Syncline crosses northern Barbour. The highest structural elevation noted is along Point Mountain in Randolph, where, as indicated by the contours, the level of the Lower Kittanning Coal is 4500 feet above sea-level, being too high to be caught in the tops of the high mountains.
The structure map, on the whole, harmonizes closely with those previously issued by the Survey for contiguous areas. Along the line with Lewis, Harrison, and Taylor, the contours are on the Pittsburgh Coal, the same as that used in
West Virginia Geological Survey. 7I
these three counties, and at most places the lines join exactly, differing by a contour interval at only one or two points. Along the Preston Line, the contours do not fit as the Upper Freeport Coal was used for the "key-rock" in Preston while the Lower Kittanning was used in eastern Barbour, but if the Barbour map were reduced to the same "key-rock" as Preston, the lines would join showing that there is no discrepancy in the structural interpretation in the two counties. All of southern Upshur and a considerable portion of western Randolph were previously contoured by Taff and Brooks the Lower Kittanning Coal having evidently been the "key-rock" although it is not given a definite name in the Buckhannon Folio of the United States Geological Survey where this work appears. The contours in that publication harm on ize fairly well with those shown on Maps II and IV of the present Report, giving mute evidence of the care with which these earlier geologists worked, hindered as they were by wooded conditions, fewer coal openings and much less detailed topographic maps than those now available.
Anticlines.
Three anticlines, the Ruraldale, Hiram, and Marquess, appear on the structure map.
Ruraldale Anticline. — The Ruraldale Anticline of Hennen* has been previously noted in the southeastern corner of Harrison County, where the two ends of the fold cross into that territory. As now fully determined, this anticline originates in Harrison, 2 miles southeast of Oral, extends southeastward and crosses into Barbour 2 miles east of Grassland, keeps its southeastward course to the Brushy Fork of Elk. where it turns west of south, crosses Elk Creek, ]/% mile east of Overfield, crosses into Harrison at Gnatty Creek, 1 mile west of Peeltree, .continues for two miles across the extreme southeastern corner of this county, when it reaches the Upshut
Uoseph A. TafF and Alfred H. Brooks, Buckhannon Folio No. 34 U. S. Geological Survey; 1896.
"Ray V. Hennen, Doddridge-Harrison Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 60; 1912.
Line and veers to the south, crossing Hackers Creek onethird mile west of Ruraldale and dying out soon afterward against the geat monoclinal slope previously mentioned in Upshur. It is a shallow fold with a crooked, sinuous course, and is symmetrical about its axis, the rise on both sides being practically the same.
The surface geology along the axis is principally that of the Monongahela and Conemaugh Series, only a few of the highest hills being topped by the Dunkard. At the most northern point where it enters Barbour, the Pittsburgh Coal has an elevation of 1350 feet, but on Gnatty Creek where the fold again crosses the Harrison Line, the coal has dipped to the 1275-foot level, rising soon afterward to 1325 feet at the Upshur Line, and keeping the same elevation to the end of the arch.
Hiram Anticline. — The Hiram Anticline of Hennen*, the most prominent structural feature of this Report, originates in Preston near Independence, assumes a course slightly west of south, crosses the southeastern corner of Taylor and enters Barbour one-half mile east of Hiram. Here it turns slightly more toward the west, crosses the Tygart Valley River 0.6 mile northwest of Cove Run Station, continues on the west side of this river for 3j4 miles, crosses again to the east side 1.3 miles east of Arden, turns more to the south soon afterward, passes 2.3 miles east of Philippi, and 1.2 miles west of Calhoun, crosses the Tygart Valley River again one-fourth mile west of Clements, keeps the same course for 4 miles until it almost reaches the Middle Fork River, turns due south near the Finegan Ford, crosses from Barbour into Randolph, 2 miles east of Lantz, crosses the Coal and Coke Railway onefourth mile west of Kingsville, assumes a course slightly east of south until it reaches a point one-half mile west of Pumpkintown where it turns slightly toward the west, crossing the Middle Fork River 1.5 miles northwest of Cassity, From the Middle Fork, its course remains much the same, passing through Loda, See Camp Gap, and Hartridge, where it turns toward the southeast and continues to Point Mountain two
*Ray V. Hennen, Monongalia-Marion-Taylor Report, W. Va. QeoL Survey, p. 84; 1913.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 73
miles west of Monterville, beyond which it has not been studied. For the most part, the fold is symmetrical about its axis, the dip being much the same on either side. Aside from the slight local deflections mentioned above, its course is remarkably straight, being about 15 degrees west of south.
The surface geology along the axis is principally that of the Conemaugh, Allegheny, and Pottsville Series, the top of the Mauch Chunk being exposed only along the deep gorges of Middle Fork, Buckhannon, and Elk Rivers. In northern Barbour, the Lower Kittanning Coal is 1250 feet above sealevel at Sandy Creek where there is a slight dome, dips to a gentle saddle just north of Cove Run, rises to another dome southwest of Cove Run, having an elevation of 1350 feet, and descends again to a slight saddle northeast of Arden, the elevation being only 1325 feet. From this point southward for the next 8 miles, there is a steady rise at the rate of 53 feet to the mile, culminating in a dome about two miles northwest of Calhoun, the elevation of the coal being 1750 feet at the highest point, but the coal dips again until at the point immediately west of Calhoun its elevation is only 1700 feet. From this point southward through the two counties, there is a steady and rapid rise along the axis at the rate of about 75 feet to the mile, the elevation at the last contour shown on Point Mountain being 4500 feet. The few domes and saddles described at the northern end of the anticline are only minor features, the general southward rise being by far the most conspicuous feature of the fold. The total rise from the Taylor County Line to the last contour on Point Mountain is 3250 feet, making an average of 61 feet per mile.
Marquess Anticline. — The Marquess Anticline, previously mentioned' but not hitherto named, is a slight fold, having its northern origin about one mile north of the village of Marquess, Preston County, and extending in a south westward direction, crossing Sandy Creek into Barbour one mile southwest of Marquess, and dying out against the eastern slope of rhe Hiram Anticline about two miles west of Danville. It is a gentle and symmetrical fold, the dip on either side being
*Hennen and Reger, Preston Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 65;
much the same. The surface geology is that of the Conemaugh Series, the elevation of the Lower Kittanning Coal at the Preston Line being 1075 feet, and rising to only 1125 feet at the southern end of the fold.
Synclines.
Four synclines, the Grassland, Ligonier, Evansville, and Belington, are outlined on Maps II and IV.
Grassland S3mcline. — The Grassland Syncline of Hennen*, having its origin in southeastern Harrison about two miles north of Grassland and extending southwestward across Harrison, Upshur, and through Lewis and Gilmer, as previously described by the writer, cuts across the extreme northwestern corner of Upshur, entering from the north at a point 1.4 miles due south of Johnstown and passing into Lewis three-fourths mile southeast of Aberdeen, its general direction being northeast and southwest. The section in Upshur shows a symmetrical fold with a wide, shallow basin. The geology along the axis is that of the Monongahela and Conemaugh Series, the Pittsburgh Coal at the Harrison Line having an elevation of 1225 feet but descending to 1200 feet in the wide trough at the Lewis Line. One of the most prolific and spectacular oil fields of the State is located along the axis of this syncline in Lewis and Gilmer.
Ligonier Syncline. — The Ligonier Syncline, first named by the geologists of Pennsylvania from the Ligonier Valley in that State, enters West Virginia in northern Preston County, rear Clifton Mills, from which point its course has been traced in previous Reports of the Survey* through Preston and Taylor to the Barbour Line. It enters northwestern Barbour onethird mile southeast of Astor, and extends southwestward in a course about 25 degrees west of south, crossing Simpson Creek 0.7 mile southeast of Astor, passing through the village
Ray V. Hennen, Doddridge-Harrison Report, W. Va. Geol. Surrey, p. 65; 1912.
'Lewis and Qilmer Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 41; 1916.
Hennen and Roger, Preston Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 66- 67; 1914; and Ray V. Hennen, Monongalia-Marion-Taylor Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 88-89, 1918.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 75
of Pepper where it crosses Brushy Fork of Elk, crossing main Elk 1.8 miles east of Overfield, crossing Gnatty Creek 1.2 miles southeast of Peeltree, and entering Upshur 1.2 miles west of Century, and finally losing its identity against the great monocline of Upshur about one-half mile northeast of Ruraldale. Throughout its length in Barbour and Upshur, it is a wide, shallow basin, almost perfectly symmetrical about its axis, its course being nearly straight.
The surface geology along the axis, as shown by Map II, is that of the Dunkard, Monongahela, and Conemaugh Series, the first-named formation cropping only in some of the high hills and ridges. At the Taylor line, the elevation of the Pittsburgh Coal is 1200 feet, but it rises southward along the axis, forming a long, flat saddle in the vicinity of Brushy Fork and main Elk, where, for five miles, the elevation is 1250 feet. At Gnatty Creek, the coal descends to a canoe-shaped trough, its elevation being only 1225 feet but south of Gnatty Creek it rises again until at Hackers Creek, in Upshur, it is 1325 feet. The location of this syncline through Barbour and Upshur can not be noticed by casual observation as the slopes are so gentle that the topographic forms are not affected, careful observations on the coal being necessary to determine its course.
Evansville Syncline.— The Evansville Syncline of Hennen*, branching from the Ligonier Syncline near Independence, Preston County, and being separated from the parent fold by the Hiram Anticline, is a short, structural trough, entering northern Barbour at Dent, where it crosses Sandy Creek, and extending from that point southwestward about 4 miles to Big Cove Run where it is absorbed against the bold slope of the Hiram Anticline. The surface geology along its axis is that of the Conemaugh Series, the Lower Kittanning Coal having a tidal elevation of 1050 feet at the Preston Line, but rising steadily southwestward along the axis until at Big Cove Run it is 1125 feet. The fold lacks symmetry about its axis, the slope on the west being much less gentle than on the east
Ray V. Hennen, Monongalia-Marlon-Taylor Report, W. Va. Qeol. Surrey, p. 89; 1918.
Belington Syncline. — The Belington Syncline, previously mentioned but not hitherto named, being by far the most important structural depression of the territory of this Report, has its origin in southern Preston about 1 mile northeast of Marquess, extends southwestward and enters northeastern Barbour 0.8 mile northwest of Colebank, veers sharply toward the west, crossmg Raccoon Creek 1.3 miles southwest of Danville, turns almost due south, passes one-half mile east of Nestorville, three-fourths mile east of Kalamazoo, one-fourth mile east of Meadowville, directly through Huffman and through the western part of the town of Belington, having crossed the Tygart Valley River at the edge of town, extends on southward cutting through a bend of the river one mile south of Belington, and crossing again to the east side onehalf mile southwest of Junior, entering Randolph one mile south of the latter point, and crossing the same stream for the last time one-fourth mile west of Harding. From Harding it continues at a course about 20 degrees west of south, passing through Coalton, and Fisher, passing 1.5 miles east of Cassity, and crossing Stonecoal Run one-fourth mile above its mouth. From Stonecoal Run its course is almost identical with that of the Middle Fork River to its head, the axis being only one fourth mile east of West Huttonville. The fold dies out against the slope of the next eastern anticline, near the head of Mill Creek ten miles southwest of West Huttonsville.
For most of its length this syncline is not symmetrical about its axis, the slope on the west side being comparatively gentle toward the Hiram Anticline, to whith it is closely parallel, but on the east the rise being sharp toward the great anticline which occurs along the Tygart Valley just east of the Laurel Ridge and Rich Mountain. The influence of this basin on the topography is pronounced. In northern Barbour in the region of Nestorville and Meadowville, the hills along the axis are low and rounded, having evidently been influenced by both the structural depression and by the peneplaning action of the waters, the entire effect being that of a great broad valley, emphasized by the high hills along the Hiram Anti-
"Hennen and Reger, Preston Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 71;
West Virginia Geological Survey. T]
cline on the west and by the great Laurel Ridge and Rich Mountain on the east. The same condition continues southward into Randolph, but is less marked, owing to the fact that along the Middle Fork River, the surface rocks are more resistant.
The surface geology varies from that of the Monongahela Series, which tops a few of the high summits in eastern Barbour, through the entire range of the Conemaugh, Allegheny, and Pottsville sediments to the Mississippian rocks which crop south of Point Mountain in Randolph. North of Belington the Conemaugh is the principal surface series ; between Belington and Fisher the Allegheny predominates and along the Middle Fork River and in the Point Mountain region, the Pottsville is supreme. This great variation in the surface rocks is due to the fact that the axis of the syncllne is steadily and rapidly rising southward bringing these various rocks to the surface in succession. At the Barbour-Preston Line the elevation of the Lower Kittanning Coal is only 1075 feet. From this point southward to Belington, the rise is gradual, being only 27 feet to the mile, but from Belington, wrhere the coal is 1425 feet above sea-level, southward, the rise averages 70 feet to the mile to West Huttonsville where the coal, if present, would be at an elevation of 2900 feet. From West Huttonsville southward, the axis rises even more rapidly, causing the fold to lose its identity in the general southward slope.
Unconformities and Faults.
So far as known there are no unconformities in the Pennsylvanian rocks of the three counties. There is the usual amount of thickening and thinning locally between the different members that form the various series of these rocks, but they seem to be the result of irregular deposition on a flat surface rather than an interruption of sequence caused by intermediate folding and consequent erosion.
At the base of the Pennsylvanian, however, there is the usual unconformity between the Pottsville and the Mauch Chunk of the Mississippian, caused by the long season of aerial conditions and erosion that must have elapsed, as indicated
by the complete oxidation of the Mauch Chunk sediments. On the east side of the Laurel Ridge, along the Morgantown and Beverly Turnpike, the writer noted an almost complete absence of Greenbrier Limestone and Pocono Sand-stones
, these two formations being represented by only about 40 feet of yellow and gray sediments, one foot of which in the upper half contained abundant marine fossils, coming between the undoubted red shales of the Mauch Chunk above and the typical red shales and sandstones of the Catskill below, the same condition being found along the east side of the mountain at the next hill road two miles farther south, near the Laurel Hills School. Whether the absence of these two series, ordinarily totaling about 600 feet, be due to an unconformity, as the writer thought at the time, or, as Dr. White suggests, to an overthrust fault, future study will determine. It is unfortunate that no drillings have been made through these measures in the region around Belington, west of these outcrops, where their thickness might be accurately determined.
In the region of this Report proper, west of the Laurel Ridge and Rich Mountain, no faults of any kind are known to exist, as the structural slopes are much too gentle to favor their occurrence.
Chapter Iv.
Stratigraphy— General Sections
Introduction.
The surface rocks of Barbour, Upshur, and western Randolph embrace the Quaternary, Permo-Carboniferous, Pennsylvanian, Mississippian, and Upper Devonian. The latter rocks crop at only one point in eastern Barbour, but a considerable amount of information regarding their thickness and character underground is available from oil and gas well borings in various parts of the territory.
The following classification of the rocks available foi study shows their succession in convenient form, arranged in descending order :
Age.
Period.
Series.
Quaternary,
I Pleistocene River Terrace Deposits.
Pennsylvanian ,
Paleozoic,
Mississippian
' Conemaugh (550'-650'). Allegheny (200'-260'). Potts YiUe, embracing: Ka nawha and New Rivei Groups (400'-1050')
fMauch Chunk (200'-6O0'). I Greenbrier Limestone (50' 260').
The Quaternary Rocks, represented by clays, gravels, and sand beds, present in this area along the river and creek bottoms, and by Pleistocene river terrace deposits, having a
—
Tjie rrcSs i£ trie riiirTlTaii:! F-rrc ccdTi
Z'' i "zie 3Ii:
Zhenmii, ZTTC ar zcjt cue rcLrt il:c rre Larrei Riire
Is'
si
8o STRATIGRAPHY — GENERAL SECTIONS.
scanty occurrence at a few points along higher levels in the river valleys, are shown on Maps II and IV under the general title of alluvium. As an agricultural soil, they form a valuable economic resource in all these counties.
The Permo-Carboniferous Rocks, represented by the Dunkard Series and shown by outcrop on Maps II and IV in western Barbour and northern Upshur, comprise a transitional or intermediate period between the true Carboniferous and the Permian above. In these counties the Dunkard beds consist of massive brown or gray sandstones, separated by sandy and red shales, only the two lower sandstone members, the Mannington and Waynesburg, being found. As these beds lack much of their characteristic cliff-forming qualities, and have no coals or other economic deposits associated with them in this area, they were not studied in detail. The Dunkard beds have been fully described in numerous reports for the northwestern counties where they occur in typical form.
The rocks of the Pennsylvanian Period comprise the great bulk of the surface sediments. The four Series; viz, the Monongahela, Conemaugh, Allegheny, and Pottsville, crop to the surface successively from the northwest to the southeast In southern Randolph the three former disappear completely above the mountain tops, leaving only the Pottsville.
The Mississippian, comprising the Mauch Chunk, Greenbrier, and Pocono, crop in some of the deep creek and river valleys along the Laurel Ridge, Rich Mountain, and in the southern portion of Randolph described.
The Devonian Rocks, represented by the Catskill and Chemung, crop at only one point along the Laurel Ridge in eastern Barbour.
Numerous geologic sections, consisting usually of careful b.and-Icvv 1 measurements combined with the records of oil and gas and coal test borings, and showing the stratigraphic succession from the Permo-Carboniferous to the Devonian, will be given in the following pages.
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 8l
Barbour County Sections.
General Sections, Pleasant District, Barbour.
Pleasant District is situated in the northwestern corner of Barbour, its surface rocks ranging from the Dunkard, through the Monongahela, Conemaugh, and Allegheny.
The following section, measured with aneroid by Teets, starts at the top of a hill on West Branch of Simpson Creek, 2.3 miles southwest of Astor, and connects with the record of the Thurman Cole No. 1 (3) well, a dry hole drilled by the Constant Oil Company :
Astor Section, Pleasant District.
Thickness. Total.
Monongahela Series Feet. Feet.
Shale, sandy, and concealed 60 60
Sandstone, massive, Arnoldburg 20 70
Shale, sandy, Fulton 5 76
Limestone, hard, gray, Benwood : 6 80
Concealed and sandy shale 28 108
Coal blossom, Sewickley 2 110 110'
Concealed and shale, sandy 26 136
Sandstone, Lower Sewickley 16 160
Shale, sandy, and concealed 69 209
Concealed and shale, sandy 36 246
Shale, sandy, and concealed 49 299
Coai blossom. Little Pittsburgh (1226' B.).. 1 800
Concealed and shale, sandy, to top of well. . 90 890 Continued by Thurman Cole No. 1 (3) Well Record (1135' B.):
Unrecorded 400 790
Sand, Big Donkard 90 880
Allegheny and Pottsvllle Series (560')
Unrecorded 610 1390
Sand, Salt 60 1440
Mauch Chunk Series
Unrecorded (limestone shells at 1440') 200 1640
Sand, Maxton 60 1700
Big Lime 76 1776
Sand. Big Injun 120 1896
Unrecorded 296 2190
Sand, Qantz 10 2200
Slate and shells 40 2240
Sand, Fifty-foot, to bottom 66 2306
82 . Stratigraphy — General Sections.
The following section, measured with aneroid by Teets, starts at the top of a high hill, at the head of Pigtail Run in the edge of Simpson District, Harrison County, 3 miles northwest of Pepper, and continues down the hill road to the head of the run, and shows the Redstone Limestone, an important horizon coming between the Redstone and Pittsburgh Coals and often aiding in their identification :
Pigtail Run Section, Simpson District, Harrison.
Thicknesfi. Total.
Dunkard and Monongahela 8erle8 Feet. Feet.
Shale, sandy, and concealed 125 126
Shale, sandy 60 185
Sandstone, Arnoldsburg, and shale 38 223
Limestone, Benwood 2 225
Shale, sandy, and sandstone 80 305
Bench, concealed, and shale 10 316
Shale, sandy 36 360
Bench, sandy shale 5 356
Shale, sandy, and sandstone 20 876
Shale, slaty 16 395
LinfMstone, Redstone 4 399
Shale, sandy, and concealed 15 414
Shale, sandy and red, and concealed 123 543
Coal blo*8om, Little Clarlcsburg (1190' B.) . . 2 645
Concealed to run 20 565
The following section, measured with aneroid by Teets, starts at the top of a high hill, one-half mile west of Berryburg, and continues down to the mines at the town. Owing to the rapid eastward rise in the rocks, the intervals do not represent true vertical measurement, being much too small :
Berryburg Section, Pleasant District,
Thickness. Total.
Concealed to large bench 70 70
Shale, sandy 85 105
Shale, red 10 115
Shale, sandy 20 135
Shale, red and sandy 30 166
Shale, red : 20 185
Shale, sandy 10 195
West Virginia Geological Survey. 83
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Sandstone, Amoldburg 86 230 280
Concealed to bench 40 270
Bench, shale and concealed 50 320
Shale, sandy, and concealed 60 880
Limestone, Redstone 2 ' 882
Shale and slate 9 391
Coal 4' 8" 1 Pittsburgh (9' 5") (1410'
Coal 4 4 J Co. Mine No. 37— No. 89
Slate and conceaJed 5 406
The following section, the upper portion of which was measured with aneroid by Teets, down a steep hill on the west side of the Tygart Valley River, three-fourths mile north of Berryburg Junction, and the lower part of which is from data secured by Ray V. Hennen at the shaft of the Midland Coal and Coke Company and published in Volume pages 515 and 678, of the Survey, shows the Allegheny coals as they occur in that vicinity, the Upper Freeport being either absent or concealed :
Berryburg Junction Section, Pleasant District.
Thickness. Total.
Shale, sandy, and concealed 65 0 66 0
Bench, concealed 10 0 75 0
Concealed 45 0 120 0
Bench, shale, sandy 5 0 125 0
Sandstone and shale, sandy 25 0 150 0
Bench, concealed 5 0 155 0
Concealed 15 0 170 0 170
Shale, sandy 20 0 190 0
Sandstone, gray, buff, Upper Freeport 18 0 208 0
Concealed 4 0 212 0
Shale, gray 9 0 221 0
Coal 0' 6" IlLower Freeport
Shale, sandy, and concealed 14 3 237 0
Sandstone 7 0 244 0
Shale and concealed to top of shaft 11 0 266 0 Continued by shaft record of Midland Coal & Coke Co. and section in mine:
Slate 0 1
Coal 0 6
Coal, bony.. 0 8
Stratigraphy — General Sections.
tf
Surface, gravel, etc
Sandstone, hard, Lower Freeport Coaly soft,
bony
at top V 2 Slate, soft 0 Coal, soft 0 10 Slate,
black 0 1 Coal, soft 1 10 Slate, gray,
with
streaks
of
coal...O 11
Thickness.
Ft. In. . 16 0
Upper Kittanning (1262' B.) (Midland G. & C. Co. Mine, No. 476 on Map II)
Coal, soft 0 10
Sandstone, white,' very hard, East
Lynn 40
Slate, good roof 8
Coal, soft. 2' 0 '
Coal, bony .0 7
Coal, soft. 0 9
Bone 0
Coal, soft. 2 0
(Midland C. & €. Co., Mine,.. No. 555 on Map
Total. Ft. In.
5 802 8H 79' 11'
General Sections, Elk District, Barbour.
Elk District lies southwest of Pleasant, and its surface locks include the lower Dunkard, the Monongahela, and the upper portion of the Conemaugh Series.
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets, descending a hill road to the northern branch of Stonecoal Run, 2.5 miles eastward from Grassland:
Stonecoal Run Section, Elk District.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, Amoldsburg 20 20
Shale, sandy, Fulton 19 89
Limestone, Benwood 1 40
Shale, sandy, and sandstone. Upper Sewlckley
25 65
Shale, limy 1 66
Sandstone, Lower Sewlckley 28 89
Shale, limy, dark 1 90
Shale, sandy 25 115
69
West Virginia Geological Survey. 85
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, Cedarvilie, and sandy shale 23 138
Coal blossom, Redstone 2 140 61
Fire clay 2 142
Shale, sandy, and concealed 46 187
Shale, sandy, and concealed 82 272
Fire clay 3 276
Shale, sandy, and concealed, to run 26 300
In the following section, arranged in descending order, tht upper portion was measured with hand-level by Teets up the steep hill immediately south of Overfield. The lower portion is the record of the J. C. Benson No. 3612 well (10), drilled by the Hope Natural Gas Company in 1914-15, having a total depth of 4570 feet, and ranking as one of the deepest producing gas wells of the State. It is unfortunate that this boring was not continued to the Oriskany Sand which probably would have been found at an additional depth of less than 2500 feet.* This well made several shows of gas and will be discussed in more detail in Chapter X :
Overfield Section, Elk District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed 86 85
Coal, Pittsburgh, (abandoned opening) about 5 90 90 Conemaugh and Allegheny Series (865')
Concealed 110 200
Sandstone, massive 27 227
Shale, limy 2 232
Limestone, Clarksburg 3 235
Concealed 112 347
Limestone, Elk Lick 3 350
Concealed to top of well
Continued by J. C. Benson No. 3612 (10) Well Record (1026' L.):
Uhrecorded 250 600
Sand, Big Dunkard and Burning Springs... 160 750
Unrecorded 98 848
*Since this well was drilled, a deep boring by the same company (Hope) on the Martha Gtoff farm near Bridgeport, Harrison County, got the top of the Comiferous Limestone at 7250 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, or 2900 feet below the Benson Sand.
86 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Sand, First Salt or Second Cow Run (water,
Unrecorded 120 1270
Sand, Salt 30 1300
Unrecorded 266 1655
Little Lime 25 1580
Sand, Big Injun, (gas, 1330' and 1430'; water,
Unrecorded 186 1965 380'
Sand, Berea (water, 1672'; gas, 1664') 138 2103
Unrecorded 71 2174
Sand, Fifty-foot 13 2187
Unrecorded 7 2194
Sand, Thirty-foot 109 2303
Unrecorded 30 2333
Sand, Gordon Stray 5 2338
Unrecorded 8 2346 381'
Sand, Gordon 9 2355
Unrecorded 44 2399
Sand, Fourth 8 2407
Unrecorded 83 2490 144'
Sand, Fifth 49 2539
Sand, Warren 10 2990
Lime sand 136 3646
Grit and shells 95 4106
Pink rock 10 4116
Slate, dark 324 4439 1469'
Unrecorded 2 4460
Lime shells to bottom 470 4920
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets down a steep hill road to Brushy Fork of Elk Creek, 1.2 miles west of Pepper:
West Virginia Geological Survey. 87
Pepper Section, Elk District.
Sandstone, Upper Sewickley 26 25
Concealed 95 120
Sandstone 15 135
Shale and slate 6 141
Coal, Pittsburgh (8' 11") (1335' B.) (John
Shale, sandy, and sandstone 75 225
Shale, red 10 235
Shale, sandy 6 240
Sandstone, Connelisville 20 260
Shale, sandy 28 288
Shale, limy 1 291
Limestone, Clarksburg 2 293
Shale, sandy 37 330
Shale, red, limy, Clarksburg 15 345
Fire clay 2 347
Shale, sandy, and concealed 47 394
Concealed to Brushy Fork 10 406
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets, descending a hill road at the head of the southern branch of Stewart Run, 2.2 miles due east of Pepper:
Thickness. Total Monongahela Series (880') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, UnJontown, massive, coarsegrained 20 20 20'
Shale, sandy, and concealed 35 56
Bench, concealed 5 60
Shale, sandy, and concealed 30 90
Shale, red 10 100
Sandstone, flaggy, Amoldsburg 20 120
Concealed in bluff 40 160
Bench 5 165
Shale red 9 174
Shale, dark, Sewlckley Coal horizon 1 175 166'
Shale, green, limy 6 180
Shale, sandy, gray 38 213
Limestone, impure, yellowish, Sewlckley 2 215
Shale, red and sandy, to bench 65 270
Shale, sandy, and concealed 20 290
Coal, Redstone, Impure 2 295 120"
Shale, sandy, and concealed. . . 29 324
88 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Coal, Pittsburgh 6 330 86'
Concealed 30 860
The following section, measured with aneroid by Teeta down a steep hill road at the head of the most northern branch of Stewart Run, shows the entire Monongahela, as well as portions of the Dunkard and Conemaugh :
Thickness. Total.
Concealed 6 5
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained, Waynesburg 26 30 80'
Concealed 40 70
Sandstone, flaggy, Qilboy 25 95
Concealed and bench 20 115
Shale, sandy 10 125
Sandstone, Uniontown 30 155 125'
Shale, sandy, and concealed 60 215
Sandstone, Arnoldsburg 15 230
Shale, sandy .29 259
Coal blossom, (0' 7"), Lower Uniontown... 1 260 105*
Shale, red, limy 5 265
Shale, sandy 30 296
Shale, red 5 300
Shale, sandy 10 310
Shale, green 3 813
Shale, sandy 7 320
Sandstone, Lower Sewlckley 20 340
Shale, sandy 13 353
Limestone, hard, yellowish, Sewlckley 2 355
Shale, sandy, and concealed 20 376
Sandstone, Cedarvllle 10 386
Slate and shale 7 392
Slate and concealed 20 415
Limestone, Redstone 3 418
Slate and concealed 8 426
Coal, hard..O 6 Kinney Mine, No. 140 9 436 40
Slate and concealed 43 478
Coal blossom, Little Pittsburgh (Coal Exposure No. 184 on Map II) 2 480 45'
Shale, sandy, and concealed, to run 30 510
West Virginia Geological Survey. 89
The following section, arranged in descending order, was measured with hand-level by Teets up the steep hill just northwest of Elk City, and connects with the Robert Wood Coal Test (No. 3 on Map II), the record of which, unfortunately, could not be obtained. Owing to the eastward rise of the rocks, the intervals are shorter than true vertical measurement would show:
Elk City Section, Elk District.
Thickness. TotaL
Conemaugh Series (334') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, conglomeratic. Lower Connells.
Shale, sandy, and concealed 80 50
Shale, red, limestone nodules 13 63
Concealed 16 79
Shale, sandy 22 101
Concealed, bench . . 22 123
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained, buff,
Grafton 33 156
Concealed . . .t 44 20O
Bench, concealed 5 205
Concealed 17 222
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained, Saltsburg 33 266
Shale, sandy 13.6 268.6
Coal, Bakerstown (r 6'') (1140' L.) 1.5 270
Shale, sandy 42 312
Limestone, hard, bluish-gray. Brush Creek. . 3 315
Shale, sandy 5 320
Sandstone, massive, to top of Robert Wood
The following section, arranged in descending order, was made by Teets, with aneroid, along the hill road at the head of Beech Lick of Elk Creek, 2.7 miles westward from Elk City:
Beech Lick Section, Elk District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed 25 25
Sandstone, Qilboy 10 35
Concealed 35 70
Sandstone, Unlontown, and concealed 50 120
Reds and concealed 40 160
Sandstone, flaggy, Amoldsburg 35 195 196'
Shale, sandy, and concealed 13 208
90 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Limestone, Benwood 2 210
Shale, sandy 16 226
Shale, red, along bench 10 236
Shale, sandy 46 280
Bench 10 290
Shale, sandy, and concealed 69 349
Fire clay, Redstone Coal horizon 1 360 166
Shale, sandy, and concealed 30 380
Shale, sandy, and concealed 169 644
Coal blossom, Normantown (1176' B.). 1 646 160'
Limestone 4 649
Shale, sandy 26 676
Sandstone, massive, buff, Morgantown, to
run 20 695
The following section was made by Teets with aneroid,
descending the hill road at the extreme head of Arnold Run of Elk Creek, 2 miles northeast of Peeltree, and being near the axis of the Ligonter Syncline exposes the lower part of the
Dunkard, as well as all the Monongahela and part of the Conemaugh Series:
Arnold Run Section, Elk District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed 16 16
Sandstone and concealed in bluff 60 66
Concealed , 10 76
Sandstone, coarse-grained, Waynesburg 30 106
Concealed 40 146
Shale, red. 10 166
Sandstone, Qllboy, and concealed 10 166
Shale, dark-red 20 186
Shale, sandy, and sandstone, Uniontown. ... 29 214
Limestone, hard, gray, Uniontown 1 216
Shale, sandy, and concealed 20 236
Bench, concealed 10 246
Concealed 6 260
Shale, dark-red 10 260
Shale, sandy, and sandstone , 30 290
Concealed 36 326
Sandstone, flaggy, micaceous. Upper Be-
wickley 16 340
Shale, sandy 9 349
Shale, sandy, and concealed 36 386
Bench, concealed 10 396
West Virginia Geological Survey. 91
Thickness. TotaL
Feet. Feet.
Shale, sandy, and concealed 30 425
Sandstone, flaggy, Cedarvilte 10 485
Shale, sandy, and concealed 35 470
Concealed 29 504
Concealed to run 15 525
General Sections, Union District, Barbour.
Union District occupies the southwestern edge of Barbour, next to Upshur, and has a range in surface rocks from the Dunkard along the Ligonier Syncline on the west, down through the Monongahela, Conemaugh, Allegheny, and into the Pottsville at the southeastern end of the District.
The following section was made by Teets with aneroid, descending the steep hill just east of Peeltree and is tied to the Taylor Ward No. 1 (14) well, the record of which could not be secured :
Peeltree Section, Union District.
ThickneBS. Total.
Sandstone, flaggy, Unlontown 20 20 20
Concealed 59 79
Limestone, hard, gray 1 80
Concealed 20 100
Shale, sandy, and concealed 40 140
Bench, concealed 6 145
Concealed 20 165
Bench, concealed 5 170
Shale, red 10 180
Shale, sandy, and concealed 30 210
Sandstone, Lower Sewlckley 15 225
Shale, sandy 60 286
Coal, Redstone, (1275' B.) (abandoned opening) about 5 290 270
Concealed 33 323
Coal, Pittsburgh (7' 4") (1235' B.) (N. B.
Shale, sandy, and concealed 95 425
Sandstone, massive, Connellsvllle 20 445
Shale, sandy 9 454
Coal, impure. Little Clarksburg (Exposure
Shale, dark, limy 2 457
92 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Limestone, hard, gray, Clarksburg 2 469
Shale, sandy, and concealed, to top of Taylor
In the following section, the upper portion was made by Teets with aneroid, descending a high hill on the head of the Left Fork of Gnatty Creek, 2 miles northeast of Century. The lower portion is the record of the T. O. Martin No. 1 (IS) Well, drilled by Randolph and Davis, and completed January 23, 1915, which was abandoned as a dry hole although it was reported to have made a S-barrel show of oil in the Squaw Sand, the record being furnished the Survey by Cleo. Swecker, Civil Engineer, of Century:
Century Section, Union District.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone 16 16
Concealed 10 26
Sandstone, coarse-grained, Waynesburg 30 56 56'
Concealed 46 100
Shale, red 10 110
Sandstone, Gil boy, sandy shale 20 130
Shale, dark-red 10 140
Shale, sandy, and sandstone, Unlontown 19 169 104'
Limestone, hard, gray, Unlontown 1 160
Shale, sandy, and concealed, to bench 26 186
Concealed 10 196
Shale, dark-red 10 206
Shale, sandy, and sandstone, Arnoldsburg. .. 30 236
Concealed 36 270
Sandstone, Upper Sewlckley 16 285
Shale 9 294
Coal blossom, Sewlckley 1 296 186'
Shale, sandy, and concealed . . 36 330
Concealed in bench 10 340
Shale, sandy, and concealed 30 370
Sandstone, Cedarville 16 386
Concealed 20 406
Coal, Redstone 6 410 116'
Concealed 33 443
Concealed 148 698
Limestone, Clarksburg 2 602
West Virginia Geological Survey. 93
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Shale, red, to top of well 38 640
Continued by T. O. Martin No. 1 (15) Well Record (liec B.):
Unrecorded 236 876
Sand, Little Dunkard 73 948
Unrecorded 43 991
Sand, Big Dnnkard 49 1040 440
Unrecorded 110 1160
Gas Sand 20 1170
Unrecorded 45 1215
Sand 35 1250
Sand, First Salt, Homewood 110 1370
Unrecorded 30 1400
Sand, Second Salt 188 1688
Unrecorded 6 1593
Sand. Third Salt ; 169 1762
Slate 14 1776
Red rock 64 1830
Unrecorded 15 1845
Little Lime 36 1880
Unrecorded 6 1885 625'
Big Lime 66 1940
Sand, Big Injun 20 1960
Unrecorded 10 1970
Slate 10 1980
Red rock and shells 80 2010
Slate and sand 30 2040
Slate 16 2055
Sand, Squaw (oil, 1443', 6-bhl. show) 60 2115
Unrecorded 6 2120
Sand, Weir 70 2190
Red rock 8 2193 308'
Sand, Berea 72 2265
Slate and shells 25 2290
Red grit 48 2338
Unrecorded 100 2438
Sand, Thirty-foot 60 2519
Unrecorded 96 2615
Sand, Gordon Stray 16 2630 437*
Sand, red, Gordon, Fourth, Fifth and Bayard 280 2910
Sand, Elizabeth 40 2960
Red rock 10 2960
Slate 9 2969
Sand, Warren First? 26 2996
Slate and sheUs 24 3019
Sand, Warren First? 21 3040
94 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet
Slate and shells 110 8150
Unrecorded 6 3155 626'
Sand, Warren Second? 30 3186
Slate and shells to bottom 115 8300
The following section was made with aneroid by Teets along the hill road just southwest of Hall on the Buckhannon River. The intervals are somewhat too short as the measure ments were made on the rise of the rocks :'
Hall Section, Union District.
Thickness. Total. Conemaugh Series (125') Feet. Feet.
Shale, sandy, and concealed 10 10
Sandstone, massive, broWn, pebbly, quarry
rock, Buffalo 10 20
Shale, sandy, and concealed 105 125
Shale, sandy, and sandstone 5 135
Sandstone, gray, pebbly, ferriferous, Upper
Freeport 9 144
Ekindstone 16'
Shale, yellow, with iron
concretions 6
Sandstone, shelly 10
Lower Freeport Sandstone 30 175
Shale, gray, with ferriferous streaks 14.5 189.5
Coal blossom, Upper KItUnnIng, (1500' B.). 0.5 190 45*
Shale, limy 1.5 191.5
Limestone, hard, Johnstown 2 193.5
Shale, gray 16.5 210
Sandstone, fine-grained, cross-bedded, East
Lynn 10 220
Shale, sandy, and concealed 33 253
Coal blossom, Middle KIttannIng (1435' B.). 2 255 65'
Shale, sandy 10 265
Sandstone 10' 1
Shale, sandy 5 tcaet i vnn 9qk
Sandstone, massive, coarse- Lynn... 30 295
grained, pebbly 16 J
Lower KIttannIng (4' 11") (1390' B.) 5 300 46'
(J. P. Newcomb Mine, No. 563 on Map II). Concealed to bed of Buckhannon River 10 310
Coal, blocky 2' 0'
Slate, gray 1 0
Coal, soft, visible. 1 11
The following section, measured with aneroid by Teets, shows the succession descending the steep hill just northwest
West Virginia Geological Survey. 95
of Audra, at the extreme southeastern corner of the District, where the upper portion of the Pottsville is above drainage :
Audra Section Union District.
Thickness. TotaL
Sandstone and concealed 32 32
Concealed 102 137
Concealed and sandstone. East Lynn 29 169
Coal, soft. . . .r 6" 1 Lower Kittannlna
?SIrft!':::S 565 on Map II) (6' 2")
Shale, slaty 5 180
Sandstone, massive, pebbly. Clarion 30 210
Shale, sandy 10 220
Sandstone, massive 15
Shale, sandy 5
Sandstone, massive, coarsegrained to Middle Fork River 35
Homewood 55 275
General Sections, Philippi District, Barbour.
Philippi District occupies the central part of the county along the Tygart Valley River, where the Hiram Anticline exthe entire Allegheny Series, as well as the lower Conemaugh above, and the upper Pottsville below.
In the following section, arranged in descending order, the upper portion was measured with hand-level by the writer up the hill just east of Arden on the Tygart Valley River. The lower portion is the record of a test boring made for coal on the property now owned by the Boat Run Coal Company, and kindly furnished the Survey by Wm. A. Webb, General Manager, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The test was completed August 31, 1906:
Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Arden Section, Philippi District.
Sandstone and concealed from top
of hill 62 0
Sandstone, coarse, partly concealed,
Mahoning 30 0
Fire clay, Upper Freeport Coal
horizon
Concealed, with sandstone and
sandy shale 148 0
Black slate and coal blossom, at prospect, Upper Kittannlng
Coal
Concealed and slate 60 0
Coal 2' 6%" 1 Lower Kit-
Coal, bony 0 7H I tanning
Coal Co. Mine — No. 672 on Map II)
Concealed to coal test 12 2
Continued by record of Boat Run Coal Co. Coal Test
Sand rock, hard, 1
brown 12'
Sand rock, white, and
coal spars 30 J
Shale, dark 16
Upper Mercer.
Sand rock and shale 2
Sand rock 0
Bone and slate 0
Coal 0' 3"'!
Slate 0 3 J
Coal 0 7
Bone coaL.O S
Coal 3 2
Fire clay... 2 11
Coal 0 6 J
Fire clay 2
Sand shale 4
Fire clay 0
Sand rock and shale 6
Slate, black 1
Fire clay 1
Sand rock, hard. Upper Connoquenessing, to bottom 6
Total. Ft. In.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 97
In the following section, arranged in descending order, the upper portion was measured with hand-level by the writer up the steep river hill just south of Philippi. The lower portion is from the record of the E. D. Talbott Heirs No. 2 (17) Well, drilled by the Tygart Valley Mineral and Oil Company, and located one-half mile west of Philippi. In order to make a continuous stratigraphic sequence, the first 193 feet of the well record are omitted from the section as the eastward rise of the rocks brings the measures shown there above drainage along the river front where the measured part of the section was made. This well starts at the top of the Mahoning Sandstone cliff, which was also identified in the section, leaving no doubt as to the proper connection of the strata at the two points. The record of this well was previously published in Volume page 344, of the Survey, under the name of "Philippi Well No. 2". Although drilled many years ago, this well still flows a strong stream of brackish sulphur water and makes enough gas to burn with a considerable flame at the mouth of the casing. The section shows a considerable thinning in the Allegheny Series, due to the fact that the measures intervening between the Upper and Lower Kittanning Coals have nearly disappeared, leaving only 29 feet compared to an interval of nearly one hundred feet that is frequently found elsewhere :
Philippi Section, Philippi District.
Thickness. Total. Conemaugh Series (218') Feet. Feet Scmdstone, brown, capping ridge, Saltsburg 28 28 28*
Concealed along slope and bench 35 63
Sandstone, massive, Buffalo 50 113
Concealed along slope 70 183
Concealed in bluff, and sandstone, massive,
Mahoning 35 218 190
Concealed along bench 17 235
Concealed in bluff and sandstone, massive.
Lower Freeport 77 312
Coal 2' 9%"
Slate, black. 0 1
Coal 1 5%
Slate, bony..l 3
Upper Kittanning (5' 7") (1327' B.) 6 318 100'
(W. T. Ice Mine No. 489 on Map II).
98 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet. Shale, sandy, with ferriferous limestone,
Johnstown 9 327
Continued in E. D. Talbott Heirs No. 2 (17) Weii Record (starting at 193' below top of hole):
Sand, fine, hard, East Lynn 15 343
Coal, Lower Kittanning 4 347 19'
Slate rock 20 867
Sand, hard, close, Homewood, Second Cow
Run 45 412
Coal, Upper Mercer 7 419 72*
Sand, hard. Salt (cased 10"' at 301') 30 449
Slate 40 489
Sand, hard. Salt 60 549
Slate 5 554
Lime, dark 15 569
Slate 10 579
Slate 6 609
Lime, very hard 8 617
Slate 100 717
Sand, hard. Salt 60 767
Slate and shell 40 807
Sand, hard. Salt 20 827
Lime, hard, (cased, dry, 8" at 700') 18 845
Slate rock 10 855
Sand, hard, close. Salt 14 869 460'
Bright red rock 40 909
Limestone, very hard 5 914
Red rock 45 959
Sand, hard 40 999
Slate, sandy 15 1014
Sand, hard, dark, Mazton 45 1059
Shale, red 65 1124
Shale, black 40 1164 295'
Limestone, hard. Big 92 1256
Sand, gray, hard 36'
Sand, red 25
Sand, gray, hard 18
Hard rock 7
Lime, black, hard 25
Sand, close 25
Shale ' 30 1421
Pale red rock 30 1451
Shale 60 1511
Sand, white, Berea (fresh water; some oil) 44 1555 39r
Sand, hard, Gantz, and limestone 80 1635
Big Injun ... 135 1391
West Virginia Geological Survey. 99
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Sand, dark-red, and shales 300 2070
Sand, dark-gray. Fifth 35 2105 550'
Slate, with limestone shells 705 2810
Sand, chocolate-colored, Speechley? 60 2860 766'
Shells and shkles, no solid formations, to
bottom 623 3483
The following section was measured by the writer with aneroid descending the Tygart Valley River hill just northeast of Tygart Junction, the Upper Mercer Coal and Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone being inserted from exposures at the south end of the railroad bridge at the point between the two rivers :
Tygart Junction Section, Philippi District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed 25 25
Steep bank, with sandstone, BufTalo (ITOO' B.) 80 105 105'
Concealed along slope 70 175
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, cliff rock, Mahoning, (1600' B.) 30 205 IOC
Concealed along bench 20 225
Concealed in bluff 25 250
Concealed in slope 115 365
Sandstone, massive, cliff rock, Eaat Lynn
Concealed in slope, with fire clay spring 28 433
Sandstone, massive, Homewood 35 468
Fire clay and concealed 5 475
Sandstone, massive. Upper Connoquenessing,
to river 10 485
The following section, arranged in descending order, was measured with aneroid, starting at the public road one-half mile southeast of Adma, and working northwestward to Tygart Valley River at the mouth of the ravine Just north of Adma Station. It is near the summit of the Hiram Anticline and shows a considerable portion of the Pottsville :
lOO STRATIGRAPHY — GENERAL SECTIONS.
Adma Section, Philippi District.
ThickneAS. Total. Conemaugh Series (80') Feet Feet.
Concealed from top of hill one-half mile
southeast of Adma 10 10
Fire clay In road '. 10 10'
Concealed 55 65
Sandstone, massive, cliff rock, Mahoning... 15 80
Concealed in slope 56 135
Concealed in steep bluff 60 195
Spring, with fire clay along bench, Upper
Kittanning 195 185'
Concealed and sandstone, pebbly 61 256
Coal, soft, 0" to...O' 3'
Lower Kittanning (4' 2") (1770' B.) (Mine No. 585 on Map II) 4 260 65'
Claribn 47% 307%
Clarion (7' 8") (1715' B.) (H. M. Crawford & Co. Mine No. 821 on Map II) 7% 315 55'
Slate, gray 0 5
Coai, bony 0 10
Coai, soft 1 5
Slate, dark-gray.. 0 1
Coai, soft 1 2
Sandstone, massive, pe
Coai, slaty 0' 6
Coal, medium-soft 3 3 Slate, dark-gray.. 0 2 Coal, medium-soft 0 9
Slate, gray 0 2
Coai, medium-soft 2 10
Concealed ' 35 860
Coai bloaaom 350 36'
Sandstone, massive, clifT, Homewood 20 370
Concealed 40 410
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, clifT rock, Upper
Connoquenesaing 80 490 140'
Slate, black, with Naiad itea, Quakertown
Shale 1 491
Concealed and shale 8 499
Sandstone, massive, makes falls in run,
Lower Connoquenesaing 30 629
Coai 0' 2"! Campbell Creek? d'O")
Slate, black... 0 8 I (Exposure No. 914 1 630 40'
Shale, dark, sandy, with iron ore nodules ... 10 540
Slate, dark, with iron ore nodules and plant
fossils 24% 564%
Fire clay shale 6 572
: 01ate, black, cannellv. with plant fossils 4 676
Concealed and sandstone to river 20 596
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. lOI
General Sections, Cove District, Barbour.
Cove District occupies the northeastern corner of Barbour, and, being traversed through its center by the deep Bclington SyncUne, affords a fine opportunity to study the rocks of the Conernaugh Series, all of which are present as is assured by the occurrence of the Pittsburgh Coal in some of the high hills along the axis, and by the rise of the rocks both to the east and west bringing the Allegheny and Pottsville Series to the surface. The Pottsville is all exposed along the Laurel Ridge at the eastern edge of the District, but the rise of the rocks is so rapid and the slopes so much obscured by debris that it was impossible to get a connected section of these formations.
In the following section, arranged, in descending order, ihe upper portion was measured with hand-level by the writer, starting in the valley of Sandy Creek, and working up the hill road southwestward. The Pittsburgh Coal is only a bios som in the hilltop but is mined along the same ridge a short distance southeastward, where its thickness is about 10 feet as shown by the section. The lower portion of the section is the record of the James Lindsay Coal Test (29), located 0.9 mile northwest of Colebank, and previously published on page 253 of the Preston County Report of the Survey. In the surface portion of the section, the intervals are a little greater than true vertical measurement would show as there is a slight southward rise in the rocks :
Colebank Section, Cove District.
Thickness. Total.
Monongahela Series Ft. In. Ft. In.
Concealed from top of hill 10 0 10 0
Coai blossom, Pittsburgh, thickness
Concealed 30 0 60 0
Sandstone, coarse, gray. Lower
Pittsburgh 45 0 96 0
Shale, sandy 10 0 105 0
Spring, Little Pittsburgh Coal horizon
105 0 85
Concealed along bench 25 0 130 0
Iq2 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness.
Ft In. Sandstone, massive, brown, with
small pebbles, ConneiUville. . . 65 0 Fire clay and coal blossom, Little
Clarksburg Coal 2 0 187 0 82*
Concealed 19 6
Limestone, shaly, Clarksburg 0 6
Concealed, with reds, Clarksburg.. 23 0 Sandstone, massive, coarse, brown,
mottled with iron. Lower Con.
nelisviile 34 0
Concealed, with reds, Clarksburg.. 38 0 Sandstone, brown, partly concealed,
Morgantown 25 0
Coal, hard..O' SVi" 1 Elk Lick (Jas.
Concealed 14 8
Sandstone, shaly, Grafton 24 0
Concealed 20 0
Limestone, dark, shaly, fossiliferous
, Amee 4 0
Coal, thickness concealed, Harlem
Concealed and sandstone 92 0
Coal opening, Bakeretown, fallen
Concealed 23 0
Continued by Jamee Lindsay Coal Test (29) Record (1365' B.)
Clay and sand 5 0
Boulders and gravel 4 0
Shale, sandy 16 0
Shale, gray 11 0
Sandstone 4 0
Shale, dark 16 0
Sandstone 4 0
Fire clay, Thornton, and shale,
gray, mixed 16 0
Shale, blue 4 0
Shale, soft, gray, with lime spots . . 14 0
Shale, hard, gray, sandy 17 0
Sandstone, Lower Mahoning 11 0
Shale, blue 18 0
Shale, dark-gray 2 10
Shale, dark 0 2
Allegheny Series (186') Bone ...C 6'') Upper
Coal ...2 1 I Freeport 2 7 655 7 169'
Fire clay, Bolivar 2 6
Sandstone, shaly. Upper Freeport. 20 0
Shale, gray 8 0
Shale, blue 19 6
Shale, dark, Lower Freeport Coal
horizon 1 6 702 0
Total.
Ft. :
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Thickness. Ft. In.
Fire clay shale 4 0
Shale, bluish 5 0
Shale, with gray partings 7 0
Limestone, Lower Freeport 1 0
Shale, gray, with lime spots 21 0
'East Lynn.. 43 0
Shale, blue 4
Shale, with limestone 1
Shale, dark, with thin coal streaks.
Upper Kittanning 2
Sandstone, coarse 4'
Sandstone and
conglomerate 10
Sandstone 29
Shale, blue, tough. . '. 13 0
Shale, soft, gray, with hard sandstone boulders 6 0
Shale, blue 19 6
Coal 0' B""!
Binder.. 0 6 i Lower
Coal 0 8 I Kittanning, 1
Fire clay nodules 0
Shale, gray 7
Shale, gray, with sandstone boulders 2 Pottsvllle Series (99') Sandstone, hard, broken, with carbon streaks 36' O'' Bone coal, Clarion 0 2 Sandstone, hard, with carbon streaks 13 10 [ Home- Conglomerate 6 0 f wood . 80 6
Sandstone 6 0
Sandstone, finegrained 16 0
Sandstone, micaceous, with carbon streaks 2 6 J
Shale, dark 4
Shale, dark, tough 4
Shale, dark, sandy 7 0
Shale, sandy, with coal streaks, Upper Mercer 2
Shale, sandy, to bottom 1
Total.
Ft. In.
The following section, arranged in descending order, was measured with hand-level by the writer up the steep hill immediately southwest of Danville, where the measures come within a few feet of the Pittsburgh Coal :
I04 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Danville Section, Cove District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed from top of knob 35 85
Sandstone, Lower Pittsburgh 22 57
Concealed along slope 33 .90
Concealed in bluff, with coarse, brown sandstone, Connellsviiie 60 150
Spring, Little Clarksburg Coal horizon 150 150'
Concealed along slope, mostly red shale,
Clarksburg 38 188
Concealed in bluff, with brown sandstone,
Morgantown 55 243
Coal opening, fallen shut. Elk Lick (1649' B.) ... 243
Concealed 71 314
Shale, green, fosslllferous, Ames, thickness
concealed 314
Shale, red and variegated, Pittsburgh 65 369
Sandstone, massive, Saltsburg 28 397
Shale, dark 5% 402%
Coal, (Wellington Shroyer Mln— No. 290 on
Bakerstown, reported 4% 407 93
Concealed to creek 8 415
In the following section, arranged in descending order, the upper portion was measured with hand-level by the writer, up the hill on the north side of Brushy Fork of Teter Creek, starting one mile northeast of Nestorville. The lower portion is the record of the Lewis Auvill Coal Test (33), drilled by Hon. J. M. Guffey, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, John M. Rayburn, mining engineer, of the same city, being authority for the data :
Nestorville Section, Cove District*
Thickness. Total.
Conemaugh Series (405' 0") Ft. In. Ft. In.
Concealed, mostly shale, from top
of knob 77 0 77 0
Sandstone boulders, Morgantown.. 45 0 122 0 Coal digging, abandoned, Elk Lick
Concealed 20 0 142 0
Sandstone, hard, brown, Grafton. . . 30 0 172 0
Shale, green, fosslllferous, Ames. . 18 0 190 0
Shale, red and variegated, Pittsburgh 65 0 265 0
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Thickness. Ft. In.
Sandstone, shaly, Saltsburg 17 0
Coal digging, abandoned, Bakere.
Concealed 33 0
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Buffalo 38 0
Concealed 12 0
Shale, sandy, and ferriferous 5 0
Sandstone, massive, Mahoning 35 0
Shale, dark, Ufflngton 5 0
Coal 1 1 J Mine, No. 369
Concealed to top of boring 34 11
Continued by Lewis Auvlll Coal Test (33) Record (1425' B.):
Drlft, clay, and boulders 16 0
Shells and slate 58 4
Sandstone, Lower Freeport 23 0
Carbon shale 0 3
Shale and sandstone, dark 6 8
Coal, Upper Kittanning 1 8
Slate, black 2 9
Shale 11 3
Shale, dark.
Sandstone and slate
Sandstone
Slate
Sandstone
Slate
Sandstone
Shale
Sandstone
Shale
Sandstone 6'
Sandstone and slate. 0
Sandstone 3
Sandstone, very hard, to bottom 0
Homewood.
Total. Pt. In.
Fire clay
Sandstone ...36' 9"
Shale, sandy. 0 3 East Lynn.. 43 11 619 0
Sandstone ... 6 11
Slate .' 2 10
Sandstone, with carbon streaks 3 8
Coal, Middle Kittanning 0 10
Dark shale or slate, fosslllf erous . . 20 8
Coal, clean, Lower Kittanning 2 10
69' 5" 28' 6"
I06 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
The following section, arranged in descending order, was measured wit hand-level by the writer up the steep hill just east of the Tygart Valley River one mile southwest of Moatsville. Three short plunger drill tests for coal were once made along this hill but their detailed records could not be secured :
Moatsville Section, Cove District.
ThickneBB. Total. Conemaugh Series (290') Feet. Feet.
Sandstone massive, brown, pebbly, from top
of knob, Grafton 26 25
Shale, green, fossiliferous, Ames (1790' B.). 10 36 86'
Shale, red and variegated, Pittsburgh 65 100
Sandstone, Saltsburg, and sAiale, sandy. ... 30 130
Coal blossom. Bakerstown, (1685' B.) reported 3 133 98'
Concealed in slope 47 180
Concealed in bluff 36 216
Shale, dark with marine fossils (?), Brush
Creek 216
Concealed and shale 30 245
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, cliff rock, Mahoning 16 261
Concealed 29 290
Coal,
reported 2' 11'
Slate,
reported 0 1
Coal,
reported,
Concealed '. 66 360
Coal prospect, Lower Freeport, not much
Sandstone, massive, cliff rock, East Lynn ... 18 466
Concealed 36 490
Coal prospect, fallen shut. Lower Kittanning
Sandstone, Homewood, and concealed 36 626
Coal prospect, only black slate found. Upper Mercer 526 36'
Concealed and sandstone, massive, Upper
Connoquenessing 90 615
Concealed to Tygart Valley River 15 630
jUpper Freeport (4' 0") (Jasper England Mine 4 294 79'
West Virginia Geological Survey. Io7
General Sections, Glade District, Barbour.
Glade District, occupying the eastern central portion of Barbour, is similiar in geologic outcrop to Cove, just north of it, as the Belington Syncline traverses its center in a north and south direction while the Hiram Anticline on the west, and the great uplift on the east, bring the lower measures above drainage.
In the following section, arranged in descending order, the surface portion was measured with hand-level by the writer up a hill road starting at the schoolhouse one-half mile south of Meadowville and continuing to the top of the high hill along the Belington road. The lower portion is the record of the Nelson H. Harris Coal Test (37), drilled by the South Penn Coal Company:
Meadowville Section, Glade District.
Concealed from top of knob 42 0
Sandstone fragments, brown, hard,
along slope, Connellsvltle 40 0
Fire clay and coal blossom, Little
Shale, red, Clarksburg 70 0
Sandstone, massive, brown, Lower
Conneilsville 22 0
Shale, red, Clarksburg 17 0
Sandstone, shaly, Morgantown 26 0
Shale, sandy 25 0
Shale, variegated, partly concealed 68 0 Shale, green, fossiliferous, Ames,
Shale, variegated, Pittsburgh Reds 38 0
Shale, sandy 38 0
Coai opening, abandoned, Bakers.
town, (1676' L.), thickness supplied 3 0 390 0 79*
Shale, sandy, with some reds 45 0
Sandstone, massive, Buffalo 30 0
Concealed and shale to boring 30 0
Continued by Nelson H. Harris Coal Test Record (37) (1571' L.):
Sand and gravel 17 9
Shale 13 9
Sandstone, Mahoning 9 6
Shale, Ufrington 46 10
Total.
Ft. In.
Total. Ft. In.
196' r 48'
Kittanntng 8 2 707 9 73'!'
Upper Bench?
I08 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Pt. In. Allegheny Series (196' 2")
Fire clay, Upper Freeport Coal horizon 3 3
Shale 47 11
Coal, Lower Freeport 0 8
Shale 24 4
Shale 8 0 V Lower
Limestone .1 0 J Freeport 9 6
Shale 16 0
Sandstone, Lower Freeport 10 6
Shale 4 7
Coal 0 2 I
sandy .6 6 Slate, dark 1 0 Bone coal..l 3
Shale 6 3 713 0
Coal 2' 0"! Upper Kittan-
Shale 1 2 ning, Lower 3 10 716 10 9' 1"
Coal 0 8 I Bench?
Shale 40 2 757 0
Bone coaL.r 0" Middle
Coal 1 3 ] KItUnning 2 3 759 3 42' 6'
Fire clay 0 "
Shale, dark 13
Slate, black 1
Coal, Lower KIttannIng? 3 0 777 10 18' 7'
Clay shale 1
In the following section, arranged in descending order, the upper portion was measured with hand-level by the writer, starting at the highway bridge across Sugar Creek, 0.6 mile south of Flora, and going up the hill northeastward. The lower portion is the record of the Isaac Coonts Coal Test (39), drilled by the South Penn Coal Company, and located at the foot of the measured section:
Flora Section, Glade District.
Thickness. Total.
Conemaugh Series (568') Ft. In. Ft. In. Sandstone, brown, pebbly, from top
of hill. Lower Pittsburgh 36 0 36 0
Concealed 36 0 70 0
Sandstone, brown, hard, Connellaviile
23 0 93 0
Concealed 10 0 103 0
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Thickness. Ft. In. Coal digging, abandoned, not much
found, Little Clarlcsburg
Concealed 82 0
Sandstone, brown, flaggy, Morgan.
town 23 0
Concealed, with red shale 77 0
Shale, green, fossiUferous, Amea
Shale, variegated, Plttaburgh Reda,
and concealed 100 0
Coai opening, fallen shut,
Concealed 35 0
Sandstone, massive, gray, Buffalo,
to level of coal test 45 0
Continued by Isaac Coonta Coal Teat (39) Record (1576' B.) :
Soil and clay 9 0
Shale 10 0
Sandstone, Mahoning 74 0
Coai, Upper Freeport 3 11
Shale 3 3
Sandstone, Upper Freeport 2 6
Shale 62 4
Sandstone 6 0
Shale 43 0
Sandstone, white. Lower Freeport. 5 0
Shale 20 0
Coal, Upper Kittanning 1 5
Shale 24 4
Coal 2 0
Shale 16 1
Coai, Middle Kittanning 1 6
Shale 16 10
Kittanning 5 11
Slate, hard 1 0
Sandstone 3 0
Shale 5 0
Total.
Ft.
In
General Sections, Barker District, Barbour.
Barker District lies in southeastern Barbour, south of Glade, and has the same structural features and much the same surface geology as Cove and Glade except that the southward rise of the rocks along both the Hiram Anticline and the Belington S5mcline brings lower formations to the surface.
I To Stratigraphy — General Sections.
The following section, arranged in descending order, was measured with hand-level by the writer up the steep hill just north of the Tygart Valley River at Clements where the Hiram Anticline crosses the river:
Clements Section, Barker District.
Thickness- Total.
Sandstone fragments, from top of hill 2 2
Concealed 75 77
Sandstone, massive, Mahoning 20 , 97 97'
Concealed 65 152
Concealed 33 185
Concealed 71 256 169*
Sandstone, massive, Clarion, concealed, and
Shale, gray 1% 309
Shale, gray, sandy 3 313
Coal, slaty O'lO"
Coal, soft, columnar. 3 2 Clarion* (9' 3")
Coal, soft, columnar. 0 9 V M. Crawford &.
Shale, gray, 2' 0" to.O 6 Co. Mine, No. 9 322 66'
Coal, medium-soft. .. 2 11 823 on Map II).
Coal, slightly bony..O 10
♦Note by 1. C White, State Geologist. — Wlth reference to Mr. Reger's identification of the Clarion Coal in the Clements Section, the writer would say that both he and Assistant Ray V. Hennen think that this coal represents the Lower KIttannIng bed or the same one mined at Lillian, Meriden, Arden, Junior, Harding, and other points along the Tygart Valley River. This latter identification is confirmed not only by the presence of the blossom of the true Clarion Coal in the lower half of the concealed interval of 49 feet below the Crawford mine but also by the presence of the true Upper Kittanning Coal once opened but now fallen shut about 60 feet above the Crawford Mine. Then, too, the character of the coal itself and the parting slates agree with that of the Lower Kittanning as mined along the Valley River and disagree entirely with that of the Clarion Coal once opened and an attempt to mine it made at Lillian, miles below Clements, where it proved too slaty and bony for commercial use, although it has a thickness there of 6 to 7 feet including partings and occurs only 25 to 30 feet below the Lower Kittanning Coal which is opened and mined directly above. The Clarion Coal although generally present has not been mined for commercial purposes anywhere in the district except at one point on the Coal and Coke Railway, below Roaring Creek Junction, in Randolph County, and that mine has been abandoned for many years owing to the Impurities of slate and bone which rendered the product unmarketable. I. C. W.
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Ill
Thickness. Total.
Concealed 49 371
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Upper Con no.
quenessing 68 434
Slate, black, and concealed 43 477
Sandstone, massive, Lower Connoquenesving 25 602
Concealed to Tygart Valley River 15 518
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets descending the hill road just north of Wilmoth Ford, the abandoned mine of the Valley Coal and Coke Company just south of the Tygart Valley River being inserted at its proper position :
Wilmoth Ford Section, Barker District.
Thickness. Total.
Shale, dark 2 2
Sandstone, massive, coarse-grained, BufTalo 35 37
Shale, sandy, and concealed 40 77
Bench, concealed 5 82
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained, Mahoning 20 102
Allegheny and Pottsville Series (286')
Shale, sandy, and concealed 47.5 149.5
Slate, black. Lower Freeport Coal horizon ... 0.5 150
Shale, sandy, sandstone, and concealed 90 240
Bench, Upper Klttannlng Coal horizon 5 245
Shale, sandy, and concealed 63 308
Coal 0' 8"
Slate, gray.O 3
Coal 0 9
Coal, 5
Coal 1 2
Coal, bony..O 6
Coal 1 6
Slate, gray.O 4 Coal, bony..O 4
Coal 0 8
Slate and concealed to top of Valley Coal and Coke Co. Coal Test (62A) at Wilmoth (1659 L.) 78 388
In the following section, arranged in descending order, the surface portion was made with hand-level by the writer up the hill at the northwest edge of Belington, starting at the point where the Buffalo Sandstone makes a prominent cliff along
Lower Klttannlng (6' 7") (1732' L.) (Valley Coal & Coke Co. Mine, No. 614 on Map II) 7 315
112 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 0.7 mile northwest of the railroad station. At the top of the hill, the measures have been eroded down to the Connellsville Sandstone, the top of which forms a broad plateau along the ridge that was easily followed northeastward to a point 1.5 miles north of Belington where there is a remnant of the Pittsburgh Coal in two small knobs that rise a little above the general level of the ridge, and this has been inserted at its proper place in the section, using the same thickness as found in the hills about one mile and a half to the northwest where coal is mined. The lower portion of the section is the record of the Blackman Wilmoth No. 3 (70) Coal Test, drilled by the Valley Coal and Coke Company at the head of Grassy Fork, 2.5 miles southwest of Belington, as furnished by the Survey by J. C. Williams, of Ridgeway, Pa., geologist of that company. This boring starts 349 feet higher than the river level at the base of the measured section, but, as shown by the structure contours on Map II, the southward rise of the rocks is practically the same as this interval, making it possible to connect the record directly with the measured section so as to show the stratigraphic sequence complete from the Pittsburgh Coal to the top of the Pottsville :
Belington Section, Barker District.
ThicknesB. Total. Mononghela Series (10') Ft. In. Ft. In.
Coal blossom, in top of hill, Pittsburgh, about 10 0 10 0 10'
Concealed 45 0 65 0
Sandstone, massive, brown, pebbly,
Conneilsville 20 0 75 0
Shale and concealed 45 0 120 0
Coal opening, Little Clarlcsburg, (Alfred Moore Opening — No. 201 on Map II), thickness concealed 120 0 110
Sandstone fragments, brown 15 0 135 0
Concealed 5 0 140 0
Fire clay, flinty, Clarksburg 6 0 146 0
Shale, variegated, partly concealed,
Clarlcsburg Reds 56 0 202 0
Steep bluff, with shaly sandstone,
Morgantown 50 0 252 0
if
Co
Dg
West Virginia Geological Survey. Ii 3
TMckneBB. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Fire clay and black slate, Elk Lick
Coal horizon 262 0 1S2'
Shale, sandy, and variegated,
partly concealed 68 0 320 0
Shale, green, fosslliferous, Ames. . 5 0 325 0
Coal blossom, Harlem 325 0 78'
Shale, variegated, Pittsburgh Reds 17 0 342 0
Sandstone, shaly, making cliff,
Jane Lew 28 0 370 0
Shale, variegated, Pittsburgh Reds 25 0 396 0
Sandstone, shaly, Saltsburg 30 0 425 0
Coal . . ..0' 6" 1 Bakerstown (1755' B.)
black 0 2 r Mine, No. 312 on 3 0 428 0 108'
Concealed 10 0 438 0
Shale, sandy, and variegated 31 0 469 0
Sandstone, massive, gray, cliff rock,
Buffalo 30 0 499 0 71'
Flood-plain deposits to Tygart Valley River (1668' B.) 16 0 515 0
Continued by Blackman WiU moth No. 3 (70) Coal Teat Record (2017' L.):
Conductor 2 0 617 0
Sandstone, light-gray, Upper Mahoning 18 0 535 0
Clay shale 28 0 563 0
Sandstone, gray, Lower Mahoning. 14 0 577 0 Allegheny Series (213' 6")
Clay, Upper Freeport Coal horizon 9 8 586 8 87' 8"
Sandstone, gray 20' 4" "l Upper
Clay 8 6 I Freeport. 35 10 622 6
Sandstone, gray 7 0 j
Shale, argillaceous 43 4 665 10
Sandstone, soft, gray, Lower Freeport 27 10 693 8
Slate, dark 6 4 699 0
Coal, Upper Kittanning 6 4 705 4 US' 8'
. Shale, argillaceous 7 8 713 0
Sandstone, hard, gray, Eaat Lynn.. 45 0 758 0
Coal, Lower Kittanning 6 3 764 3 SS'll'*
Fire clay 0 3 764 6
Sandstone, light, hard. Clarion 15 6 780 0
Clay 3 0 783 0
Slate, dark-gray 7 6 790 6
Sandstone, light-gray, flinty. Homewood, to bottom of hole 3 6 794 0
General Sections, Valley District, Barbour.
Valley District occupies the extreme southeastern corner of Barbour and its surface rocks are principally those of the
114 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Allegheny and Pottsville, although the lower portion of the Conemaugh is present in the hilltops.
The following section, measured by Teets with aneroid, shows the succession descending the hill road northeastward to the Tygart Valley River at O'Brien :
O'Brien Section, Valley District.
Thickness. TotaL
Concealed 25 25
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Mahoning 20 45
Concealed and sandy shale 40 86
Bench, concealed 10 95
Shale, sandy, and sandstone. Upper Freeport 40 135
Bench 5 140
Sandstone, Lower Freeport, and sandy shale 55 195 Bench, concealed. Upper Kittanning Coal
horizon 5 200 200
Concealed 50 250
Bench, concealed 5 255
Sandstone and concealed 7 262
Sandstone 2 264
Slate 2 266
Coal C 8"
Slate, black 0 10
Coal 0 6
Slate, black. 2 1 Coal, soft... 2 11 Slate, gray.O 8
Coal 0 5
Slate, gray.O 5
Coal 0 11
Shale, sandy, and
Lower Kittanning
O'Brien Mine, No. 612
concealed 19 294
Coal, Clarion 3 297 22*
Concealed 78 375
Sandstone, Upper Connoquenessing, and concealed 80 405
Sandstone, and sandy shale, to river (1525') 185 590
In the following section, arranged in descending order, the upper portion was measured with aneroid by Teets down a hill one-half mile southwest of the Stonecoal Schoolhouse and 1.2 miles north of Junior. The lower portion is the record of the Cora Wilson (Wm. Boner) No. 1 (69) Coal Test made by the Valley Coal and Coke Company. The junction of the Conemaugh and Allegheny Series is concealed in the 8S-foot interval just below the Brush Creek Coal ;
West Virginia Geological Survey. Iis
Junior Section, Valley District.
Conemaugh and ThlcknesB. Total.
Allegheny Series (370" 6'') Ft. In. Ft. In.
Shale, red 15 0 16 0
Shale, sandy, and concealed 80 0 46 0
Bench, concealed 6 0 60 0
Shale, sandy, and concealed GO 0 110 0
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Buffalo 10 0 120 0
Concealed 13 0 133 0
Shale, gray, marine fossils. Brush
Creek 0 6 138 6
Coal, Brush Creek 16 136 0 186'
Concealed 86 0 220 0
Sandstone, massive. Upper Freeport 16 0 236 0
Concealed to top of coal test 66 0 290 0
Continued by Cora Wilson (Wm. Boner) No. 1 (69) Coal Test (1747' L.):
Surface 14 10 304 10
Sandstone, gray 1 6 306 4
Slate, black 4 2 810 6
Sandstone, coarse 1 5 311 11
Fire clay, soft 4 2 316 1
Sandstone, gray 6 0 322 1
Fire clay, soft 0 8 322 9
Sandstone, coarse, gray. East Lynn 14 9 337 6
Slate, argillaceous 16 3 362 9
Coal, Middle KIttanning 4 0 366 9 84V
Slate, gray 6 4 363 1
Coal ...3' 9"!
Parting 0 4
Coal 1 6
Parting 0 8
Coal 1 0
Fire clay to bottom 0 2 370 6
Lower KIttanning. 7 3 370 4 18' 7'
The following section was made with aneroid by Teets descending the hill one-third mile northeast of Skidmore, on the west side of the Tygart Valley River :
, Skidmore Section, Valley District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed 75 75
Sandstone, masslre, pebbly. East Lynn 6 125
Concealed 14 189
Coal blossom, Lower KIttanning 1 140
Concealed 10 160
Sandstone 16 166
Concealed 29 194
Il6 STRATIGRAPHY — GENERAL SECTIONS.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Coal blossom, Clarion 1 195
Concealed 9 204
Coal blossom 1 205
Sandstone, Homswood ' 20 225
Concealed 40 265
Sandstone and concealed.40M Upper
Concealed 20 V Connoque- 95 360
Sandstone . .' 85 J nessing
Concealed to bed of Tygart Valley River
Upshur County Sections.
General Sections, Warren District, Upshur.
Warren District occupies the extreme northwestern corner of Upshur, adjoining Lewis and Harrison Counties, and is therefore in the region where the Monongahela Series of rocks is exposed more than any other although the Dunkard is present in the hilltops and the Conemaugh is above drainage along the principal creeks.
In the following section, arranged in descending order, the upper portion was measured with hand-level by the writer, starting at the mouth of a small branch of Hackers Creek 0.8 mile northeast of Bear Knob and working southwestward to the top of the Knob. The lower portion is the record of th( Isaac S. Reger No. 1 (41) Well, located one-half mile farther eastward up the creek, and drilled by the Hope Natural Gas Company. The well made a little gas and a showing of oil estimated by the contractor, N. D. Goe, at about five barrels, from what seems to be the Berea Sand, but its distance from other producing territory caused it to be abandoned. The record of this well was previously published by the Survey in the Doddridge-Harrison Report, page 558. Reference to Map IV will show that the strata rise eastward from the base of the measured section toward the well and in connecting the two an allowance of 50 feet was made to cover this interval :
West Virginia Geological Survey. Ii 7
Bear Knob Section, Warren District.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, flaggy, from top of Bear Knob. . 12 12
Shale, sandy, Washington Coal horizon 10 22 22*
Sandstone, brown, micaceous, Mannington.. 56 77
Concealed in slope 65 132
Sandstone, flaggy, micaceous 10 142
Concealed, with reds 14 166
Sandstone, massive, brown, coarse, Waynesburg 40 196 174'
Concealed 10 206
Sandstone, green, flaggy, Qliboy 28 234
Concealed 6 239
Sandstone, green, hard, Uniontown 36 274
Concealed, mostly red shale 47 322
Sandstone, green, flaggy, Arnoidsburg 10 332
Concealed and red shale 90 422
Sandstone, shaly, Upper Sewlckley 45 467
Concealed 45 612
Coal opening, abandoned, Redstone, thickness
supplied 4 516 241'
Concealed 20 536
Liimestone, Redstone, supplied from I. S. Roger spring 2 538
Concealed 16 653
Fire clay, Pittsburgh Coal horizon 1 664 W
Concealed and sandstone. Lower Pittsburgh 40 594
Spring, Little Pittsburgh Coal horizon 694
Concealed 6 699
Sandstone, Connellsvllle 27 626
Concealed, red shale, and concealed 54 680
Sandstone, Lower Connellsvllle, to creek. . . 10 690
Stratigraphic interval to top of well 50 740
Continued by Isaac Roger No. 1 (41) Weil Record (1070' B.):
Conductor 14 764
Coal, Bakerstown 2 926 871'
Unrecorded 40 966
Unrecorded 10 V First Cow Run 76 1040
Unrecorded 85 1126
Coal, Upper Freeport 2 1127 202'
Unrecorded 13 1140
Sand, Burning Springs 10 1160
Unrecorded 120 1270
Sand, Gas 20 1290
Unrecorded 60 1360
Il8 STRATIGRAPHY— GENERAL SECTIONS.
ThicknesB. Total.
Feet. Feet
Coal, Lower KitUnnIng 6 1365 228
Unrecorded 37 1392
Coal, Clarion 6 1398
Unrecorded 35 1433
Coal, Upper Mercer 4 1437 St
Unrecorded 83 1520
Unrecorded 49 1604
Unrecorded 100 1780
Sand. Salt 60 1840
Unrecorded 5 1846
Red rock 246 2163
Unrecorded 18 2171
Little Ume 22 2193
Pencil Cave 24 2217
Big Lime 77 2294
Sand, Big Injun 143 2437
Unrecorded 89 2526
Sand, Squaw 14 2640
Unrecorded 8 2648 831'
Sand, Berea (oil and water, 1834', 6 barrels). 48 2696 Catsklll and Chemung SeHes (75614')
Unrecorded 6 2602
Sand, Gantz 10 2612
Unrecorded 143 2765
Red rock, thickness unrecorded 2766
Unrecorded 160 2915
Sand, Gordon Stray 35 2960
Unrecorded 10 2960 412
Sand, Gordon 25 2986
Unrecorded 46 3031 71
Sand, Fourth 12 3043
Unrecorded to bottom 309H 3352%
10" casing, 310'; 8" casing, 860'; 6%" casing, 2121'.
The following section was measured with aneroid by
Teets descending the hill road at the head of Big Run of Hackers Creek:
Big Run Section, Warren District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed 30 '30
Shale, red 10 40
. West Virginia .Geological Survey. Ii 9
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Sandstone, Qilboy 10 50
Shale, sandy, and concealed 20 70
Shale, red 2 72
Shale, red and sandy 18 90
Sandstone, Uniontown 20 110 110'
Shale, red and sandy, and concealed 56 165
Fire clay 2 167
Shale, sandy, and sandstone, Amoldaburg. .. 28 195
Shale, red 5 200
Shale, sandy, and sandstone. Upper Sewlekley
60 260 160'
Bench 260
Shale, sandy, and sandstone. Lower Sewickley
45 806
Shale, red 2 807
Shale, sandy, and sandstone, Cedarvllle 87 344
Fire clay 2 847
Shale, sandy 86 888
Sandstone, Lower Pittsburgh 16 400
Shale, red T 5 406
Shale, sandy 20 426
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained, Con-
Shale, sandy, and concealed, to run 26 470
The following section was made with aneroid by Teets descending the steep highway hill at the head of Groundhog Hollow of Hackers Creek, 0.6 mile southwest of Ruraldale, where the southward rise of the rocks makes the recorded intervals a little larger than true vertical measurement would show :
Groundhog HoUow Section, Warren District.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone and concealed 30 30
Sandstone, Uniontown 36 66 66'
Shale, sandy 4 69
Limestone, nodular, Uniontown 1 70
Shale, dark-red 30 100
Shale, sandy, and concealed 60 160
Sandstone, Upper Sewlckley 80 180
Shale, sandy ." 10 190
Sandstone, ' Lower Sewlckley, massive, medium-grained, micaceous 30 220
Shale, sandy, and concealed 28 248
Shale, with limestone nodules, Sewlckley 2 260
I20 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Shale, sandy 15 265
Sandstone, Cedarville 20 285
Shale, sandy 25 310
Shale, slaty 5 . 316
Shale, slaty 5 325
Shale, sandy, and sand- 1
Sandstone 15 J
Shale, sandy 12 387
Shale, red. . : S 390
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained. Lower
Pittsburgh 20 410
Shale, sandy 10 420
Shale, red 6 425
Shale, sandy 6 430
Sandstone, massive, coarse-grained, gray,
Connellsvilie 25 456
Shale, sandy 8 463
Fire clay, Little Clarlcsburg Coal horizon
Shale, sandy 15 480
Sandstone, Lower Connellsvilie 25 505
Shale, red, with limestone nodules. Claries.
burg Reds 5 510
Shale, sandy, and sandstone 25 535
Sandstone, to run, Morgantown 15 550
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets, descending the hill road one mile southeast of Ruraldale, but the intervals are somewhat larger than true vertical measurement would show as the observations were taken where there is a considerable southward rise :
Ruraldale Section, Warren District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed 235 235
Shale, sandy, and sandstone 25'
Sandstone, flaggy 10
Shale, sandy '. 15 285
Shale, sandy, and concealed 20 310
Limestone, Redstone 2 312
Shale, sandy 8 320
Slate and shale 10 335
Cedarville... 35 270
West Virginia Geological Survey. 121
ThicknesR. Total.
Feet. Feet
Shale, 8andy 46 880
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained. 20 400
Shale, sandy, and sandstone 46 446
Shale, red 20 466
Shale, sandy, and sandstone 8 476
Coal, Impure 0' 4'' 1 Little Clarkt-
Shale 2 8 V burg (3' %") 4 479 164'
Coal, Impure 0 8 j
Fire clay 1 480
Shale sandy 10 490
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained. Lower
Shale, red, limy, Clarksburg Reds 10 620
Shale, sandy, to Hackers Creek 26 646
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets down the steep hill road at the head of the most northem branch of Hackers Creek, 1.3 miles northwest of Pecks Run:
Pecks Run Section, Warren District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed 186 186
Shale, sandy 16 200
Sandstone, massive clifT, medium-grained.
Lower Sewickley 60 260 260'
Shale, sandy, and sandstone 86 296
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained. Cedar.
ville 20 316
Shale, slaty 6 820
Shale, sandy, and sandstone, Weston 23 348
Limestone, bluish-gray, hard, Redstone 4 862
Shale, slaty 10 862
Shale, slaty 6 870
Shale, sandy, and concealed, to run 66 436
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets descending the hill road at the head of Right Branch of Gnatty Creek, 1.5 miles southwest of Century, and connects with the W. D. Arnold No. 1 (31) Well, the record of which could not be obtained :
122 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Right Branch of Gnatty Creek Section, Warren District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed 60 60
Shale, sandy, and concealed 20 80
Sandstone, massive, Arnoidsburg 15 95
Shale, red, limy 5 100
Sandstone, massive, Upper Sewlckley 15 115
Shale, sandy 25 140
Sandstone, massive. Lower Sewlckley 20 160 160'
Shale, sandy, and concealed 20 180
Shale, red, limestone nodules 5 185
Shale, sandy, and concealed 50 285
Coal, Redstone (4' 10") (Oda Gum Mine No.
Slate and concealed 39 279
Shale, sandy 10 290
Sandstone, Lower Pittsburgh 20 310
Shale, sandy '. 5 315
Fire clay, dark. Little Pittsburgh Coal horizon 2 317 87'
Shale, limy 3 320
Shale, sandy 10 330
Shale, red 6 335
. Shale, sandy 10 345
Sandstone, flaggy, Conneiisville 15 360 43'
Shale, sandy, and concealed, to top of W.
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets starting in the edge of Harrison County and descending the hill road at the head of Charity Fork of Gnatty Creek, 2 miles southwest of Peeltree :
Charity Fork Section, Warren District.
Thlclcness. Total.
Concealed 40 40
Shale, dark-red 10 50
Shale, sandy, and concealed 60 110
Shale, red 6 115
Sandstone, massive, Arnoidsburg 30 145
Shale, sandy, and concealed 85 180
Sandstone 10 190
Shale, sandy 25 215
Sandstone, Upper Sewlckley 25 240
Shale, sandy, and concealed 35 275
Shale, sandy 10 Icedarvllle. . . 40 315
Sandstone 20 J
West Virginia Geological Survey. I23
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Fire clay and slate 6 826
Sandstone, Weston, and sandy shale 30 866
Shale, sandy, to run 20 880
In the following section, the upper portion was measured with aneroid by Teets descending what is locally known as the Teets Hill, at the mouth of Threelick Run of Turkey Run, 2.5 miles north of Buckhannon. The lower portion is the record of the Wm. Post No. 1 (42) Well, drilled by the Upshur Oil and Gas Company, the result being a dry hole except for slight shows of gas in some of the Salt Sand members, and a little oil in the Big Lime. The measured section was made where there is a considerable dip in the rocks and the intervals are therefore greater than true vertical measurement would show. The record of the well was furnished the Survey by Floyd G. Smith, of Buckhannon :
Turkey Run Section, Warren District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed 10 10
Concealed and slate 84 48
Shale, sandy, and concealed 40 90
Fire clay. Little Pittsburgh Coal horizon 2 92
Shale, candy, and concealed 68 160
Shale, red 6 166
Shale, sandy 6 170
Shale, red 2 172
Shale, sandy, and concealed, to top of well.. 68 240 Continued by Wm. Post No. 1 (42) Well Record (1410' B.):
Clay 8 248
Quicksand 6 268
Slate, blue 12 266
Idme, gray 20 286
Slate, white 10 296
Lime, gray 10 806
Slate, black 20 826
Shale, red 20 346
Slate, white 10 366
Sand, Grafton 16 870
124 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Slate, white 65 426
Coal, Harlem or Bakerstown? 1 426 376'
Slate, black 6 431
Slate, black. 16 461
Lime, white 30 491
Shale, red 6 497
Slate, white 9 506
Slate, white 20 541
Sand, Buffalo 36 576
Slate, white 15 591
Lime, gray 16 606
Shale, red 20 626
Slate, white 10 636
Sand, Mahoning 45 681
8late, black, Upper Freeport Coal horizon.. 10 691 265'
Lime, gray 15 706
Sand, Upper Freeport 70 776
Lime 30 806
Sand 16 821
Slate, black, Upper Kittanning Coal horizon 10 831 140'
Lime, black 20 861
Slate, white 55 906
Gas Sand 15 921
Coal and black slate, mixed, Lower Kittanning (gas and water) 16 936 106'
Lime, gray 10 946
Sand, Homewood. Second Cow Run 60 996
Slate, black 89 1035
Coal and slate, with 2' of cannel coal, Uooer
Mercer 10 1045 109'
Slate 10 1173
Lime, gray 15 1188
Slate and shells 120 1308
Sand, Salt 12 1320
Slate and shale 76 1396
Lime 6 1401
Slate 29 1430
Lime 20 1450
Slate 6 1463
Sand, Salt 17 1480
Slate 35 1515
Slate 15 1545
Shale, red 85 1580
Lime 20 1600
Sand, Maxton 30 1630
Lime 40 1670
Slate 16 1686
West Virginia Geological Survey. I25
ThickneBS. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Red rock 40 1725
Slate, black, and shells 30 1755 710'
Lime, white 26 j
Sand, black, Keener 20 1916
Red rock 5 1920
Sand, white. Big Injun 80 2000
Lime, white 20 2020
Slate, black and soft 6 2026
Sand, white, hard. Squaw 25 2050
Slate, black, soft 8 2053
Sand, white, hard. Weir 80 2083
Slate, black, soft 6 2088 383'
Sand, white, good 12' 7 „ 2I8O
Slate, black, soft 45 2225
Red rock 3 2228
Slate and shells 26 2310
KSft.v.:::: Thirty-root... 25 2335
Slate 10 2846
Rock, red, and sand, Gtordon Stray 107 2452 364'
Sand, gray, hard, Gordon 25 2477
Slate, black 23 2500
Sand, gray. Fourth 16 2516
Red rock and sand, hard 15 2530
Slate, soft 25 2555 108'
Slate, black 16 2640
Slate, white, to bottom 97 2737
General Sections, Buckhannon District, Upshur.
Buckhannon District lies south of Warren and its surface rocks are principally those of the Monongahela and Conemaugh
Series, the outcrop of the latter being the more extensive.
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets on the east side of the Clarksburg Turnpike, near the head of the northern branch of Fink Run, 1.3 miles north of Buckhannon :
126 Stratigraphy— General Sections.
Fink Run Section, Buckhannon District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed and slate 56 66
Coal, Redstone (6' I'') (Alberta Post Mine,
Concealed 88 98
Conemaugh Series
Shale, sandy 40 140
Concealed 18 168
Fire clay 2 166
Shale, sandy and concealed 16 170
Shale, red 6 176
Sandstone, flaggy, fine-grained 6 180
Shale, red and sandy 10 190
Concealed 16 206
Sandstone, Conneilsville 6 210 110*
Shale, red and sandy, and concealed 20 230
Shale, gray, sandy 10 240
Shale, red, Clarksburg 10 260
In the following section, arranged in descending order, the upper portion was made with hand-level by the writer up a hill just west of Buckhannon and just north of Jawbone Run. The lower portion is the record of the D. D. T. Farnsworth Coal Test Boring (83), drilled in the town of Buckhannon by Jabez Wooley, Floyd G. Smith, of Buckhannon, drill superintendent, being authority for the log. Between the foot of the measured section at the west end of Main Street and the top of the boring, as shown by Map IV, there is a rise in the measures of about 30 feet and this interval is inserted in the section to make the stratigraphic sequence as nearly correct as possible. The top of the section just fails to reach the Pittsburgh Coal which has been eroded from the summit of the hill :
Buckhannon Section, Buckhannon District.
Thickness. Total. Conemaugh Series (609' KT) B*t. In. Ft. In.
Concealed and shale, sandy, with fragments of iron ore from top of hill 28 0 28 0
West Virginia Geological Survey. 127
Thickness. TotaL B. In. Ft. In.
Lower
Sandstone
Sandstone 10'
Shale, sandy. . 7
Shale, red 10
Sandstone,
flhaly 22
Shale, red and sandy 38 0
Fire clay, streak
Sandstone, massive, quarry rock,
Connellsville 16 0 180 0 180'
Limestone, siliceous, Clarksburg. . 0
Shale, sandy and red 21
Sandstone, shaly. Lower Connella-
Shale, red 42
LJmestone, brecciated 2
Shale, red. .' 44
Sandstone, shaly, Morgantown 11 0 263 0 188'
Shale, red 16
Shale, sandy, partly concealed 42
Stratigraphic interval to top of boring 30 0 360 0
Conttfiued by D. D. T. Pamaworth Coal Teat Record (83) (1420' B.):
Surface 20 0 370 0
Shale, blue 6 0 375 0
Coal 0 1 375 1
Sandstone, [Saltsburg 48 0 423 1 160' 1"
red ... 5 0 j
Shale, red 6 3 429 4
Shale, red 0 3 429 4
Sandstone 35 9 466 1
Limestone, Pine Creek 1 0 466 4
Sandstone, red 12' filoMfai qa q aq7 i
Fire clay, blue 2 0 499 1
Limestone, gray 2 0 601 1
Sandstone, blue 12 6 613 7
Black alate and coal, Brush Creek 3 6 517 1 94' 0"
Slate 5 0 622 1
Sandstone, blue 0 5 622 6
Slate, black 16 1 688 7
Shale, red 18 0 656 7
Shale, blue 12 0 568 7
Slate, black 9 0 677 7
Coal, Mahoning 12 578 9 61' 8''
Limestone, Mahoning 0 1 578 10
Sandstone, blue.19' 0''] '
Whetstone grit.. 9 0 V Mahoning 31 0 609 10 Sandstone, blue. 3 0 J Allegheny Series (189' 9")
Slate and coal, Upper Preeport 3 6 613 4 34' 7"
128 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Sandstone, blue 4 0 9 6 622 10
Limestone 4 0 J
Sandstone, blue. Upper Freeport. . . 48 0 670 10
Shale, blue 18 0 688 10
Slate, black 33 3 722 1
Coal, Upper Kittanning 3 6 725 7 112' 8"
Slate, black 68 0 793 7
Iron ore to bottom...: 6 0 799 7
In the following section, arranged in descending order, the surface portion was made with hand-level by the writer up the hill east of Lick Run of Cutright Run, l.S miles northeast of Rocky Ford, and connects at the base with the Simon J. Strader No. 1 (84) Coal Test, drilled by A. D. Simon, of Fairmont, W. Va., who furnished its record to the Survey. This record is used as the lower portion of the section, but unfortunately extends downward only 5 feet below the Brush Creek Coal and therefore failed to reach the Upper Freeport, or Adrian Coal, which should be found at about 50 feet below the bottom of the hole as its interval below the Brush Creek in this locality is much less than usual, as was proved by observations farther down Cutright Run where both coals crop. The driller evidently did not allow for the rapid western dip of the rocks along Cutright Run, and therefore failed to get the information desired in the Strader test :
Cutright Run Section, Buckhannon District.
Thickness. Total. Conemaugh Series (440' 2") Ft. In. Ft In.
Sandstone, shaly, from top of knob,
Conneilsvlile 50 0 50 0
Concealed, with reds, Clarksburg.. 50 0 100 0
Sandstone, partly concealed. Lower
Conneilsvlile 20 0 120 0
Concealed 33 0 153 0
Sandstone, massive* brown, Morgantown
16 0 169 0 169'
Concealed to boring 71 0 240 0
Continued by Simon J. Strader No. 1 (84) Coal Test Rec ord (1455' B.):
Surface 80 0 270 0
Fire clay 2 0 272 0
u
Is
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. I2g
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In: Ft. In.
Shale, blue 14 0 286 0
Fire clay 3 0 289 0
Sand rock, Salttburg 26 0 314 0
Soapstone and fire clay 9 0 323 0
Coal, Bakerstown 0 2 323 2 154' B*"
Fire clay 8 0 331 2
Sand rock 0 10 332 0
Soapstone 10 0 342 0
Fire clay 10 0 352 0
Shale, light 20 0 372 0
Fire clay 7 0 379 0
Shale, blue 10 0 389 0
Soapstone and slate 46 0 485 0
Coal, Brush Creek 0 2 435 2 112'
Fire clay 6 0 440 2
General Sections, Union District, Upshur.
Union lies east of Buckhannon District and next to Barbour and Randolph Counties, and is in the region where the Allegheny and Potts ville rocks come to the surface, the Conemaugh being represented in the northwestern portion. The lack of deep creek valleys such as characterize the region northwest of Buckhannon, and the rapidly rising structure made it impossible to secure as good sections as were desired.
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets descending the hill road immediately to the northwest of Hinkle, on Sand Run, where the rapid rise of the rocks causes the intervals as recorded to be somewhat shorter than true vertical measurement would show :
Hinkle Section, Union District.
f
Thickness. Total '
Conemaugh and Allegheny Series (365') Feet. Feet.
Shale, red 10 10
Shale, sandy 20 80
Sandstone, massire, coarse-grained, Salta-burg
28 68
Shale, sandy and concealed 15 70
Sandstone, Buffalo 20 90
Shale, sandy and concealed 10 100
Shale, pinkish 0.5 100.5
Shale, sandy 2 105
130 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
ThickneBS. Total. Feet. Feet. Sandstone, massive, brown, hard, pebbly, Upper Mahoning 35 140
Shale, sandy and concealed 86 226
Shale, sandy, with iron ore concretions 6 230
Shale, sandy and concealed 40 270
Bench 0 270
Shale, sandy, and concealed 62 332
Coal blossom, Lower Klttannlng (1456' B.).. 3 386 283'
Shale, sandy, and concealed to Sand Run. ... 30 366
The following section was made with aneroid by Teets descending a hill road to Sand Run, 1.7 miles east of Reger. The intervals are less than true vertical measurement would show as the observations were taken on the rise :
Reger Section, Union District.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, Buffalo 20.5 20.6
Shale, dark, with marine fossils. Brush Creek 0.5 21
Shdle, dark 1.6 22.6
Shale, iron ore nodules, and concealed 67 80
Sandstone, Mahoning, and concealed 18 98
Sandstone, Upper Freeport 20 120
Shale, sandy and concealed 18 138
Fire clay. Lower Freeport Coal horizon 2 140 40'
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained. Lower
Freeport 36 176
Shale, sandy and concealed 36 210
Sandstone, Lower Freeport 10 220
Shale, slaty 0.6 220.5
Coal, blocky.O* 10" 1 (2* 6") Upper Klttan- Slate, gray...O 1 ning (ISia* L.) (Mar- Coal 1 7 J tin Dolan Mine No. 2.5 223 83'
Slate and concealed to Sand Run 17 240
The following section was made with aneroid by Teets descending a hill road to Left Fork of Sand Run, 2 miles southeast of Overhill. The intervals are greater than true vertical measurement would show as the observations were taken on the dip :
West Virginia Geological Survey. I3I
Overhill Section, Union District.
Tlilckness. Total.
Shale, sandy and concealed 10 10
Fire clay. Upper Freeport Coal horizon
Sandstone, flaggy, Upper Freeport 30 45
Shale, sandy 10 56
Sandstone, flaggy 20 75
Shale, sandy and concealed 68 133
Coal blossom, Upper Kittanning (1945' B.).. 2 135 120'
Shale, sandy, and concealed 86 221
Coal blossom, Middle Kittanning (1866' B.).. 4 225 90'
Shale, sandy and concealed 16 240
Coal blossom, Lower Kittanning (1835' B.) . . 5 245 20'
Shale, sandy and concealed 19 264
Slate, black, very hard, with plant fossils ... 1 265
Shale, sandy, and sandstone. Clarion 40 305 60'
Sandstone, pebbly, Homewood 45 350
Shale, sandy and concealed 6 356
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Upper Conno
quenessing, to bottom 35 390
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets, starting at the top of a hill 0.5 mile northwest of Swamp Run and descending northwestward to a small branch of Middle Fork River, the intervals being too large, owing to the dip :
Swamp Run Section, Union District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed 27 27
Shale, sandy, sandstone and concealed 35 65
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained,* East
Lynn 30 95
Shale, sandy and sandstone 50 145
Coai, blossom, Lower Kittanning (1800' B.). 5 150 120'
Sandstone, massive, pebbly. Clarion 40 190
Shale 5 195 46'
Sandstonp, Homewood, to bottom 30 225
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets, descending from a hilltop northwestward to Yokum on the Middle Fork River, the observations being taken on the strike and representing trvie vertical measurement:
132 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Yokum Section Union District.
ThlcknesB. Total.
Sandstone, maBslve, pebbly, Lower Freeport 20 20
Concealed 45 66
Bench, concealed 5 70
Sandstone, Eaet Lynn 10 80
Shale, black, slaty, Lower Kittanning Coal
Concealed 28 110
Sandstone, l-lomewood 35 146
Concealed 60 195
Bench ', 6 200
Concealed 95 295
Bench, Quakertown Coal horizon 5 300 218*
Concealed to Middle Fork River (1800' B.) . . 70 370
The following section was measured with aneroid by
Teets, starting at the top of the ridge 1 mile northeast of Lantz, and descending northward to the Middle Fork River, one-third mile below the mouth of Devil Run, the intervals representing true vertical measurement along the strike :
Lantz Section, Union District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed 60 50
Sandstone, massive, East Lynn 81 81
Coal, soft.. 2' l''](4'0'') Lower Kittanning
Goal, bony..0 8 V (2110' B.) (D. C. Dun- 4 85 85' Coal, B0ft...l 8 j nington Mine, No. 659A
Concealed and sandstone, Clarion 80 115
Shale, sandy and concealed 109 224
Coal blossom, Lower Mercer 1 226 llO*
Shale, sandy, and concealed 75 300
Concealed 40 340
Coal, Piclcens "A'' (prospect, fallen shut,
Concealed to Middle Fork River (1790' B.) . . 70 410
General Sections Meade District, Upshur.
Meade District occupies the central western portion of the county, just south of Buckhannon and west of Washing
West Vikginia Geological Survey. I33
ton District, its surface rocks ranging from the Coneraaugh, through the Allegheny and well down into the Pottsville Series. In the western part the hills are low, making it impossible to get long sections but along the Buckhannon River at the east there is better opportunity for surface measurement of intervals.
The following section was measured with aneroid by the writer descending the hill road just south of French Creek village, between the two branches of Brush Run. Owing to the northward dip of the measures the intervals are greater than true vertical measurement would show :
French Creek Section, Meade District.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone boulders, Buffalo 6 6
Slate, sandy 10 . 15
Coal blossom, Brush Creek 16 16'
Concealed, mostly sandy shale 80 45
Fire clay 1 46
Concealed, with sandstone, Mahoning 42 88
Coal opening. Upper Freeport (1606' B.) (Richard P. Young Mine No. 439 on Map IV)
reported 2 90 76
Fire clay, Bolivar 25 115
Shale, sandy 20 135
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, cliff rock. Upper
Freeport 50 185
Shale, sandy 30 215
Sandstone, shaly, Lower Freeport 15 230
Shale, sandy 10 240
Coal, Upper KitUnning 1 241 151'
Fire clay. Upper KIttannIng 2 248
Concealed 7 250
Sandstone, massive, to Brush Run, East Lynn 10 260
The following section was measured with aneroid by the writer descending a hill road northeastward along the strike of the rocks to Laurel Fork of French Creek, 1.5 miles northwest of Evergreen:
Evergreen Section, Meade District.
Thickness. Total. Conemaugh Series (186') Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, boulders and concealed 86 85
134 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Shale, dark, Brush Creek 5 40
Coal bio8om. Brush Creek 40 iO*
Concealed 30 70
Sandstone, coarse 26 95
Shale, sandy 10 105
Bench 105
Fire clay, Thornton 15 120
Sandstone, massive, pebbly. Lower Mahoning 65 185 Allegheny Series (I860
Concealed, Upper Freeport Coal horizon 10 195 156'
Sandstone, shaly. Upper Freeport 30 225
Shale, sandy, partly concealed 65 290
Sandstone, massive. East Lynn 45 335
Slate, bony 1 336
Coal, soft O' 6"! <5' 3") Middle Kittan.
hard 2 8
Shale, gray 4 845
Coal, medium-
(5' 7") Lower Kittan- nIng (1447' L.) (John
Coal, medium- Perry Mine No. 666 6 351 166'
Concealed to Laurel Fork 20 371
hard 2" 6
Coal, bony 1 0
In the following section arranged in descending order, the surface portion was made with hand-level up the hill road immediately southwest of Sago, a few of the exposures being found at the east portal of the Coal and Coke Railway tunnel. Measurements were made along the strike of the rocks, assuring true vertical intervals. The lower portion is the record of the George Burner No. 1 (58) Well, drilled by the Citizens Natural Gas Company near the railroad station, and previously published in Volume page 351, of the Survey. The well was abandoned as a dry hole, having made only a show of gas in the Fourth Sand :
Sago Section, Meade District.
Thickness. Total. Conemaugh Series (66') Feet. Feet
Concealed, with sandstone, Mahoning, from
top of knob 66 66
Coal blossom, Upper Freeport, thickness supplied (1631' L.) 6 71 71'
Fire clay, Bolivar 10 81
West Virginia Geological Survey. I35
Thickness. TotaL
Feet. Feet
Concealed 14 95
Sandstone, massive, coarse, Upper Freeport. . 63 158
Liimestone, ferriferous 1 159
Shale, dark, sandy 16 174
gray...l 0 V (1525' B.) (Exposure 2.5 176.5 105.5' Coal, No. 531 on Map IV) bony . . 1 6
Limestone, hard (0' 6"), Johnstown 0.5 177
Shale, limy 3 180
Sandstone, shaly 6 186
Shale, dark 3.5 190
Shale, sandy, and thin sandstones 68 258
Coal blossom, Lower Kittanning (thickness
Concealed to top of well 17 278
Continued by George Burner No. 1 (58) Well Record (1432* L.):
Soil 16 294
Lime, white 6 300
Slate or shale, black 15 315 -
Lfime, white 4. 319
Coal and slate, Upper Mercer 9 328 67'
Lime, white 50 378
Sand, white. Salt 17 395
Lime, brown 4 399
Sand and lime, white and hard 69 468
Slate, black 17 485
Slate and sand, black 37 522
Lime, white 11 533
Slate, black, hard 116 649
Sand, white, fine, Salt 20 669
Lime, white 9 678
Sand, white, fine and hard, Salt 76 754
Slate, black Ill 865
Lime, brown and hard 110 975
Slate, black 15 990
Coal and slate, 8ewell 4 994 666
Slate, black 10 1004
Sand, white, Salt 74 1078
Red shale, light 40 1118
Lime, white and hard 84 1202
Sand, white and hard, Maxton 31 1233
Shale, red 68 1301
Slate, black, hard 8 1309
Lime, white 15 1324
Shale, black, hard 8 1332
Lime, whitish. Little Lime 24 1356
Shale, red 20 1376 882'
Big Lime, white, hard 92 1468
136 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Sand, white, hard 22' 1
Sand, red, light 12TBia Injun 170 1638
Sand, white 18 j
Slate, black, sandy 14 1662
Sand, white. Squaw 36 1688
Slate, light 20 1708
Sand, white, Berea 80 1788 412'
Lime, white 10 1798
Red rock 164 1962
Sand, Thirty-foot 19 1981
Red rock 41 2022
Slate 26 2048
Red rock 30 2103
Sand, Gordon 9 2112 324
Slate, black 32 2144
Lime, white 12 2156
Slate 6 2162
Lime, white 16 2178
Slate 27 2205
Slate 7 2218
Slate, sandy, Ught 25 2243
Slate 15 2258
Sand, Fifth 20 2278 166
The following section, arranged in descending order, was
measured with hand-level by the writer at the plant of the Imperial Sand Company, which operates a sand quarry and mine at Imperial, on the west side of the Buckhannon River :
Imperial Section, Meade District.
Thickness. Total.
Allegheny Series (216') Feet. Feet Concealed, mostly sandy shale, from top of
hill 40 40
Sandstone, partly concealed 8S 73
Concealed in slope 29 102 1
Shale, dark. Upper KIttannIng Coal horizon 102 102'
Fire clay. Upper KIttannIng 3 105
Sandstone, shaly 6' 1
Sandstone, massive, quarry f East Lynn... 45 150
rock 40 J
Concealed, with slate and sandstone, East
Lynn 56 206
West Virginia Geological Survey. I37
Coal, mediumhard to soft 8' V
Slate, black... 0 2
ThicknesB. Total. Feet. Feet,
<6' %") Lowr KIttannIng (188S' B.) (Imperial
Sand Co. Mine, No. 6 211 109'
Coal, soft 0 6
Coal, bony 1 3
Coal, hard 0 6
Concealed, with fire day shale. Lower Kittanning 6 216
Sandstone, massive, upper portion of Homewood 88 264
(ncealed to Buckhannon River 100 864
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets, descendiRg the hill road immediately west of Beans Mill :
Beans Mill Section, Meade District.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, massive cliif, East Lynn 30 30
Shale, sandy and concealed 10 40
Shale, sandy and concealed 16 60
Fireclay 10 70
Sandstone, Homewood 86 106
Shale, sandy 16 120
Sandstone 20 140
Shale, sandy and concealed 62 202
Fire clay 3 206
Shale, sandy, and sandstone. Upper Connoqiieneesing
, to Buckhannon River, '
The following section was measured with aneroid descending the hill road immediately northwest of Alexander, the Jesse Pringle coal mine which is located about one-half mile farther northwest being inserted at its proper place above the Homewood Sandstone;
Alexander Section, Meade District.
Thickness. Total. Allegheny Series (IOC) Feet Feet.
(Concealed from top of knob 80 80
Coal opening, fallen shut, thickness concealed, Middle KIttannIng 80 80'
138 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Peet. Feet
Slate/ dark 2 82
bony . .(K 10" (2070' B.) (Jesse Pringle 4 86 6' Coal, f Mine, No. 694 on Map IV)
soft ...8 8 J
Concealed 14 100
Pottsville Series
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Homeiwood 65 166
Concealed 26 - 190
Coal digging, abandoned, not much found,
Upper Mercer 190 104'
Sandstone, massive, Upper Con noquen easing 40 230
Concealed 25 255
Coal blossom, streak, Quakertown 255 66'
Shale, sandy, thin sandstones and concealed,
to Buckhannon River 115 370
General Sections, Washington District, Upshur.
Washington District lies in the southeastern corner of Upshur next to Randolph, and being in the region where the structure is rising rapidly eastward, its surface rocks are principally those of the Allegheny and Pottsville Series.
The following section, arranged in descending order, was measured with hand-level up the steep hill just northeast of Tenmile on the Buckhannon River:
Tenmile Section, Washington District.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, massive, from top of knob, Mahoning 28 28
Bench. Upper Freeport Coal horizon (1917' L.) ... 28 28'
Concealed and sandstone, in steep bluff. Upper Freeoort Sandstone 56 84
Coal digging, not much found, Lower Freeport (1861' Lr.) 84 56'
Concealed in bench 6 89
Concealed in steep bluff 66 144
Coal opening, abandoned. Upper Kittanning
Concealed 23 167
Sandstone, massive, partly concealed in steep
bluff, East Lynn 60 227
Concealed 15 242
Slate, black 2 244
West Virginia Geological Survey. 1 39
Thickness. TotaL Coal, 1 Feet. Feet
good ..r 0" I (3 7") Lower Klttannlng Cool, I (1697' L.) Alfred Debarr 4 248 104'
soft 2 0 J
Fire clay and concealed 6 253
Sandstone, massive, Homewood 50 803
Concealed to river 34 337
In the following section, arranged in descending order, the upper portion was measured with hand-level by Teets westward up the private road just west of Stockerts on Panther Fork of Buckhannon River and connects at the base with the Isherwood and Cody No. 1 (59A) Well, drilled for oil by the same firm, the record of which, furnished the Survey by R. B. Cody, of Elkins, W. Va., makes the lower part of the section :
Stockerts Section, Washington District.
Thickness. TotaL
Concealed 30 30
Slate, dark 4 34
. Coal, bony O' 4"!
Coal, soft 2 0 (5' 7") Lower Kittanning
Slate, gray 0 9 No. 737 on Map IV)
Coal, soft 2 0 J
Slate and concealed 15 55
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, gray, (Homewood) 30 85
Shale, sandy and concealed to bench 150 235
Concealed to top of Isherwood & Cody No. 1
Continued by Isherwood 41 Cody No. 1 (59A) Well Record (2117' B.):
Unrecorded 47 335
Slate (10" casing, 47') 83 418
Sand 15 433
Coal, Eagle? 2 435 89
Sand 13 448
Slate 15 463
Lime 47 510
Slate 93 603
Sand, hard 25 628
Lime 50 678 248'
Red rock 15 693
Lime 35 728
Big Lime 282 1560
140 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. TotaL
Feet. Feet.
Sand, white 30 768
Slate, black 16 773
Sand 166 988
Red rock 90 1028
Red rock 70 1198
Ume IV 1208
Red rock 70 1278 160'
Lime 30'
Sand 26
Lime 168
Red rock 2
Ume 72
Sand white, Big Injun 26 1686
Rod rock 17 1603
Sand, Big Injun 26 1628
Slate 10 1638
Red rock 6 1643
Slate 30 1673
Sand, Squaw 10 1683
Red rock 2 1685 407'
Unrecorded to bottom 23 1738
The following section, arranged in descending order, was measured with hand-level by Teets and the writer, starting at the west portal of the Coal and Coke Railway tunnel at Sand Run Station and worldng northward to the top of the
hill, and shows in great detail the Kittanning and Clarion stage at that locality :
Sand Run Section, Washington District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed from top of knob 66 66
Shale, sandy 11 66 '
Slate, black 1 67
Sandstone, shaly 3 70
Shale 8.6 73.6
Sandstone, masslye, quarry
Sandstone, partly concealed 23'
Shale, dark 7 139
Coai 0' lO'n (4' 0'') Middle Kittanning
Coal, bony 1 6 I (2031' L.) (No. 709 on 4 133 69*
/
West Virginia Geological Survey, I4I
Thickness. TotaL
Feet. Feet
Shale, gray 2 136
Shale, sandy 11.5 147
Slate, black 2 149
Coal r O'' 1 (4' 2") Lower Kittanning
Coal 2 2 J
Fire clay shale, gray 10 163
Sandstone, shaly at top. Clarion 10 173
Slate, black 0.5 178.6
Coal V l"! (2' 9") Clarion (1988' L.)
Slate, gray 0 6 (No. 830 on Map IV) . . 2.6 176 28'
Coal 1 2 J
Slate, gray, to grade 1 177
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets and the writer, descending the hill just west of Gale, some of the exposures being on the east side of the Middle Fork River, along the railroad grade :
Gale Section, Washington District.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, massive, cliff rock, Homewood. . . 80 30
Concealed 193.6 228.6
Coal, in spring, Quakertown (1916' B.) reported 1.6 225 226'
Concealed and sandstone, massive 22 247
Coal V 1" (3' 1") Campbell Creek (No.
bony ..0 % Keppel & Co. R. R. 8 250 26'
Fire clay shale. . .' 1 261
Sandstone, hard 0.6 261.6
Shale, dark-gray with iron ore to R. R. grade 6 267.6
Concealed to Middle Fork River 21 278.6
Coal, reported in river, Powellton 1.5 280 30'
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets, descending the hill road immediately northwest of Kedron :
Coal,
soft ...1 4
Homewood... 66 131
142 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Kedron Section, Washington District.
Thickness. Total. Allegheny Series (S5') Feet Feet.
Sandstone, massive, gray, East Lynn 20 20
Shale and concealed 3 23
Slate, black 2 25
Coal 0' 8" 1 (4' S") Lower Kittanning
Coal 0 6 V borne Mine, No. 740 5 30 30
Coal, soft 2 4
Slate and concealed 86 66
Sandstone, massive 26'
Shale, sandy and sandstone 10
Shale, sandy 10
Sandstone 21
Fire clay : 4 135
Shale, sandy 5 140
Sandstone 10 150
Shale, sandy 12 162
Fire clay, hard, flinty 3 166
Coal stain (0' 1"), Lower Mercer (1935' B.). ... 166 136'
Shale, sandy 10 176
Sandstone, Upper Connoquenessing 40 216
Shale, sandy 14 229
Slate, black, Quakertown Coal horizon
Shale, sandy, and sandstone to bed of Right
Fork of Middle Fork River 20 260
The following section, arranged in descending order, was made with hand-level by Teets up the hill road immediately southwest of Queen, along the strike of the rocks, the Wanisley mine and remaining upper portion being supplied from points farther west where the rocks dip to a lower level :
Queen Section, Washington District
Thickness. Total.
Concealed 10 10
Sandstone, massive, pebbly. East Lynn 25 35
Concealed and sandstone 13 48
Coal, soft... 2' 4" 1 (4' 8") Middle Kittanning
(Ernest Wamsley Mine, 5 53 53' No. 722 on Map IV)
Slate and concealed 13 66
Coal, Lower Kittanning (2208' L.) reported.. 6 72 19' Pottsvllle Series (384')
Sandstone, Homewood, and concealed 48 120
Coal, bony..O 8 Coal, soft. . . 1 8
West Virginia Geological Survey. I43
Thickness. Total.
Slate 2 12&
Sandstone 10 135
Shale, sandy 6 140
Sandstone, masslye, medium-grained to coarse,
Upper ConnoqueneBsIng 40 180
Shale, sandy, and concealed 97 277
Fire clay 3 280
Shale, sandy, and concealed 50 330
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained 25 355
Sandstone, concealed, and shale, sandy 99 454
Coal, Campbell Creek (1924' L.), reported... 2 456
In the following section, arranged in descending order, the upper portion was measured with aneroid by Teets and the writer, starting at the top of a hill 1 mile southeast of Queen and descending along the road northeastward to Sunny Point School, on Laurel Run of Right Fork of Middle Fork River. The lower portion is the record of the J. K. P. Koon Heirs No. 1 (59) Wiell, located at the foot of the measured section, and owned by the Pittsburgh and West Virginia Gas Company, part of the record being furnished by officers of that company and the remainder by Claude W. Maxwell, of Elkins. W. Va. The well was drilled to a great depth, but was abandoned as a dry hole, having made shows of gas only in the Gordon Stray Sand and in another that seems to represent a member of the Warren Group of northwestern Pennsylvania :
Sunny Point Section, Washington District.
Thickness. Total. Allegheny Series (20') Feet. Feet.
Concealed 20 20
Sandstone, massive, partly concealed in bluff,
Homewood 75 95 95'
Concealed 70 165
Shale, sandy, with Iron ore 5 170
Sandstone, massive. lO'l Upper
Concealed 35 I Connoquenesslng. . 65 235 140'
Sandstone, partly
concealed 20
Concealed 54
Fire clay, Campbell Creek Coal horizon 1
Concealed 45
IXEBAL SBCnOXS.
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144 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Concealed 2 837
Sandstone 10 347
Concealed with shale 13 360
Fire clay 2 362
Sandstone, shaly, to well mouth 30 392
Continued by J. K. P. Koon Heirs No. 1 (59) Well Record (2068' L.):
Red rock? (red from oxidation, I. C. W.) 17 409
Ume 73 482
Sand, limy. Salt 220 732
Slate 10 742
Sand, Salt 45 787
Sand, limy. Salt 16 802
Sand, white, Salt 60 862 602'
Slate 10 872
Lime 20 892
Lime, red 130 1022
Lime and sand, Mazton 250 1272
Lime and shells 35 1307 445'
Lime, Big 86 1392
Slate 8 1400
Sand, Big Injun 77 1477
Slate 10 1487
Sand, pebbly. Squaw 12 1499
Lime and shells 163 1662
Lime, red 106 1767 460'
Sand, Fifty-foot 16 1782
Lime and red rock.' 47 1829
Lime, gritty 16 1846
Red rock 67 1902
Red rock and shells 69 2016 249'
Sand, Gtordon 22 2038
Red rock 12 206O
Lime 16 2066
Sand, limy. Fourth 22 2087
Slate 10 2097
Sand 7 2104
Lime 25 129
Lime and sheUs 30 2169 143'
Sand, Fifth 14 2173
Slate 17% 2190%
Lime and shells 126% 2317 168'
Sand, limy, Elizabeth 10 2327
Lime and shells 260 2677 260'
Break 2 f Warren Second?... 35 2612
Sand 13 J
West Virginia Geological Survey. 14
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Xjime and elate 186 2797
Slate, black 3 2800
Ldme ad shells 222 8022
Sand, dark, Speechley? 10 8082
Ldme 10 8042
Band 46 8087
Break 4 3091
Sand 21 8112
Slate 6 8117
Sand, Cherry Grove? 16 8132
Lrime and shells to bottom 262 8884
In the following section the principal portion was made by Teets with aneroid, descending the hill road immediately northwest of Hemlock, but that portion between the Lower Mercer and Quakertown Coals was observed along the public road 0.6 mile southwest of Hemlock, where the writer discovered the fossils of the Kanawha Black Flint, coming 31 feet above the Quakertown Coal which was traced from Hemlock south westward along the road, and lying just above another small streak of coal. The interval of the Black Flint from the top of the Homewood Sandstone, 174 feet, is practically the same as that found at Bablin, Lewis County, where the writer, in a previous Report, found this interval to be 170.5 feet, where the Homewood directly underlies the Lower Kittanning Coal. At Hemlock this coal has been eroded from the hilltops, but the Homewood was traced westward along the ridge road just south of Panther Fork until the Lower Kittanning Coal was found just above it in the neighborhood of Stockerts where its position was not a matter of question. The discovery of the Kanawha Black Flint in these northern counties at practically the same interval below the Lower Kittanning or No. S Block Coal as found between the same horizons in the Great Kanawha Valley, indicates beyond question that the principal southward thickening in the Pottsville Group must occur below the Black Flint:
'Lewis and Gilmer Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 71-73; 1916.
Homewood.. 74 74
146 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Hemlock Section, Washington District.
Concealed in bluff 50'
Sandstone, massive, cliff
rock 24
Coal blossom, Upper Mercer. 1 75 75'
Shale, sandy and concealed 29 104
Coal blossom 1 105 30'
' Shale, sandy 40 145
Sandstone and concealed 26.5 171.5
Shale, sandy, with plant fossils 2 173.5
Slate, dark, with marine fossils, Spirifer,
Derbya, etc., Kanawha Black Flint 0.5 174 69'
Concealed 24 199
Slate 3 202
Coal 0 6H Zickefoose Mine, No. 3 205 31'
Slate, dark..0 3 J 899 on Map IV).
Coal, soft 1 9 J
Shale, sandy and concealed 75 280
Sandstone 20 300
Shale, sand, and concealed 20 320
Sandstone, massive, coarse-grained 25 345
Shale and sandstone to bottom 55 400
General Sections, Banks District, Upshur.
Banks District occupies the extreme southwestern end oi Upshur, next to Lewis, Webster, and Randolph Counties. In the northwest corner the surface rocks are those of the Conemaugh Series, but the southeastward rise soon carries these above the hills so that the Allegheny and Pottsville come to the surface and cover all the southern end.
In the following section, arranged in descending order, the upper portion was made with aneroid by the writer at the south portal of the Coal and Coke Railway tunnel 1.2 miles north of Frenchton. The lower portion is the record of the Hazen Phillips No. 2658 (61) Well, drilled by the Frenchton Oil and Gas Company, but now owned by the Hope Natural Gas Company, and located one-third mile south of the tunnel mouth. The well is a light gas producer from the Gordon Sand:
West Virginia Geological Survey. I47
Frenchton Section, Banks District.
ThlclmesB. Total.
Sandstone, shaly
Shale, red, with numerous plant fossils 5 7
Shale, variegated and concealed, Pittsburgh
Reds 40 47
Shale, sandy, Jane Lew Sandstone 10 57
Shale, variegated and limy with some sandy
layers 44 101
Shale, dark, bituminous 1 102
Shale, gray, to railroad grade 4 106
Concealed 16 122
Coal streak, Bakerstown 122 120*
Continued by Hazen Phillips No. 2658 (61) Weil Record (1525'B.):
Conductor 12 184
Lime 10 144
Slate, black 38 182
Sand 20 202
Slate and shells 80 282
Sand, Little Dunkard 20 252
Slate 46 298
Sand, Big Dunkard 38 336 214'
Slate 20 356
Sand, Upper Freeport 10 366
Slate 6 372
Sand 6 378
Slate 29 407
Sand, Burning Springs 29 436
Slate and shells 1 46 482
Q&s Sand 24 506
Slate 46 552
Sand, Clarion 20 572
Slate 5 577 241'
Sand, Second Cow Run, Homewood (reduced
Slate 20 677
Sand, hard 5 682
Shale, black 20 727
Lime, gritty 59 786
Shale, black 36 822
Sand, Salt 20 842
Shale, black 40 882
Sand, Salt 30 912
Shale, black 30 942
Sand, Salt 50 992
Slate and shells 48 1040
Sand, Salt 82 1122
Shale, black 15 1137
Sand, Salt 65 1202
148 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total
Feet. Peet
Shale, black 30 1282
Slate and shells 85 1317
Lime, gritty 16 1382
Sand 4 1836
Slate, black 6 1342
Sand, Maxton 95 1437
Slate and shells 80 1517
Red rock 6 1522
Ldme 16 1537
Slate, white, and shells 41 1578
Lime, gritty 44 1622
Slate 6 1628
Red rock 3 1631 194'
Sand, Big Injun 166 1907
Slate 7 1914
Sand, Squaw 40 1954
Slate 12 1966
Slate (reduced hole at 1885') 5 2012 421
Sand, Berea 40 2052
Red rock 12 2064
Sand, Fifty-foot 12 2076
Red rock and shells 170 2246
Slate 6 2262
Sand, Gtordon Stray 24 2276
Slate, white 46 2322 310
Sand 20'
Slate 6 V Gordon 52 2374
Sand (gas, 2240'.2280') ... .26
Slate, white 38 2412
Sand, Fourth 17 2429
Slate, white, to bottom 43 2472
6%" casing, 1898'; packer on bottom.
The following section, arranged in descending order, was measured with hand-level by the writer starting at Arlington, on the Little Kanawha River, and working southward to the top of the hill :
Arlington Section, Banks District.
Thickness. Total.
Conemaugh Se4*ies (99') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, massive, cliff rock, from top of
knob 28 28
Concealed in slope 71 99
Bench, Upper Freeport Coal horlson
Concealed In bluff 40
Spring, Lower Freeport Coal horizon
Concealed In steep bluff 66
Spring, Upper Klttannlng Coal horizon
Concealed In steep bluff 66
Sandstone, moflslTe, East Lynn 6
Slate, black, cannel 1
Bone 1 0 ) 4' 11" MlddUKtHannlnfl
Bone 0 4 Mine No. 761 on E
Coal bloMom, Lower Klttannlng 312 Sf
Concealed 10 322
Coal, Clarion, reported 1 S28
S&ndBtone, masatve, cliff rock, Homewood. . . 12 S3G
Coal blossom 336
Shale, aandy and oiiceaIed S4 369
Shale, gray 6 376
Concealed ID 3S6
Sandstone, tnaeslve, cliff rock 14 399
Concealed and sandstone, shaty..'. 14 413
Concealed 6 420
Sandstone, hard 2 432
Concealed 8 480
Sandstone, masBlve, cliff rock, makes falls In Uttle Kanawha River, Upper Connoquenessing
2G 46G
The following section was measured with aneroid by the writer down a steep hill road southeastward to Cow Run of Little Kanawha River, one mile northwest of Arlington. Owing to the rapid southeastward rise of the measures, the intervals are much shorter than true vertical measurement would show :
Cow Run Section, Banks District.
TUckness. Total. Coiwmaugh Seriee (IBS') Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, massive, capping knob, Saltsburg 30 30
Fire clay and coal blOMom, Bakeratown
Concealed 10 40
150 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, massive, soft, Buffalo 36 76
Shale, dark, with marine fossils, Brush Creek 6 80
fHre clay shale, partly concealed 40 120
Shale, variegated and red 6 126
Shale and concealed 10 136
Sandstone, massive, Mahoning 60 186 106'
Shale, sandy, partly concealed 66 260
Spring, fire clay horizon 260
Sandstone, massive 26' '
Sandstone, massive .10 J
Cosi\, In Cow Run, Lower KIttanning, reported 7 312 127'
The following section was measured with aneroid by the
writer, starting at the top of the hill 0.7 mile southeast of Stillman and working down the hill road northwestward to the Little Kanawha River :
Stillman Section, Banks District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed and sandstone from top of hill... 40 40
Fire clay and concealed 10 60
Sandstone, Upper Mahoning 16 66
Fire clay, plastic, Thornton 16 80
Sandstone, partly concealed, Lower Mahoning 36 116 76
Concealed 70 186
Sandstone and concealed 30 216
Fire clay spring, Upper Kittanning Coal
horizon 216 100
Concealed 60 276
Fire clay, plastic 6 280
Shale, sandy, and concealed 20 300
Coal blossom, Lower Kittanning (1620' B.) 304 86'
Concealed and sandy shale 30 330
Fire clay streak 330
Sandstone, massive, clifC rock, Homewood.. . 86 366
Slate and coal blossom, Upper Mercer 866 66
Concealed to Little Kanawha River 26 390
The following section, arranged in descending order, was measured with hand-level, starting at Holly Grove on the
Little Kanawha River and working eastward up the hill. Owing to the eastward rise the intervals are greater than true vertical measurement would show :
West Virginia Geological Survey. I5I
Holly Grove Section, Banks District.
Thickness. Total.
Conemaugh Series (202') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, massive, pebbly, partly concealed
from top of knob, Buffalo 40 40 40'
Concealed along slope 30 70
Sandstone and concealed 44 114
Concealed and sandstone, pebbly, Mahoning 88 202 162'
Concealed along bench, with lire clay and
iron ore 12 214
Concealed in steep bluff, mostly sandstone.. 73 287 Coal blossom at spring, Upper KIttanning
Concealed in slope 48 830
in steep bluff 31 361
Concealed in slope 35 396
Coal opening, abandoned, Lower Kittanning
Concealed and sandstone, Clarion 10 406
Sandstone, massive, cliff rock, Homewood. . 23 429
Concealed 46 474
Black slate and coal, Upper Mercer 3 477 81'
Fire clay 5 482
Sandstone, massive, to Little Kanawha River 8 490
The following section was made by the writer with handlevel, starting at the Little Kanawha River one-third mile southeast of Canaan and working westward up the hill to the high point just south of the village. The Lower Kittanning Coal mine noted in the section is located just northeast of tnv village, but was easily inserted in the section from its relation to the great Homewood Sandstone cliff :
Canaan Section, Banks District.
Thickness. Total. Allegheny Series (110') Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, massive, partly 1 concealed from top of
knob 32' East Lynn. . . 95 95
Concealed 38 f
Sandstone, massive 25 J
Goal V 8"'
Concealed '. 10 110
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, great cliff,
Homewood 45 155
Bone coal . . 0 4 Coal, reported..3 0
152 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Coal, Upper Mercer, reported 1.5 166.6 66.6'
Concealed and slate 40 196.6
Coal V 1 (3' 4") Lower Mercer (Stock- Coal, I ton) (2206' B.) (Herbert 3.5 200 43.5'
8pllty.0 10 I Bellingham Mine, No. 876 Coat 1 2 J on Map II).
Concealed to Little Kanawha River 100 300
The following section, arranged in descending order, and made by the writer near Cleveland, was previously published by the Survey*, but owing to its bearing on the geology of southwestern Upshur and on account of a few slight revisions made by Ray V. Hennen during his studies of the neighboring area of Braxton, and concurred in by the writer, it is here republished in full. As explained in the Lewis County Report, a careful hand-level section was first made from Cleveland northward up the mountain to the Upper Mahoning Sandstone which caps it, the measurement including the Upper Kittanning and Stockton "A" Coals. Afterward, another hand-level section was measured, starting at the Upshur-Lewis line on Flat Run, one mile northwest of Cleveland, and measuring up to the same opening in the Upper Kittanning Coal. This section included the Middle and Lower Kittanning Coals and the Kanawha Black Flint horizon. By compiling up the two measurements a section 775 feet long is obtained that includes all the important formations found in this locality. A careful search was made on both sides of the river for fossils ait the Black Flint horizon by both Dr. Price and the writer, without success, but its place does not seem subject to much doubt, since its interval below the Lower Kittanning Coal is about the same as at Bablin, a few miles away.
The lower part of the section is the record of the Vandervrort and Pickens No. 1 (81) oil well, drilled by Meade Bros, for the Haddix and Leading Creek Oil and Gas Company, and first published by the Survey in Vol. page 393. By determining the rise of the rocks between two openings in the Lower Kittanning Coal on either side, the well mouth was found to be about 460 feet above this horizon :
"D. B. Reger, Lewis and Gilmer Rept., W. Va. G. S., p. 75; 1916.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 1 53
Cleveland Section, Comer of Lewis, Upshur, and Webster
Counties.
Thickness. Total.
Conemaugh Series (ICXK) Feet. Feet. Sandstone, massive, gray, pebbly, capping
knob. Upper Mahoning 60 60
Fire clay along bench, Thornton 60
Shale, gray, sandy 40 100
Shale, gray, sandy, with plant tbssils and
iron ore. Upper Freeport 16 115 116'
Sandstone, shaly. Upper Freeport 28 143
Concealed in bench 22 166
Sandstone, partly concealed in bluff. Lower
Freeport 36 200
Concealed 16 216
Shale, gray, sandy, with plant fossils 11 226
Coal 0' 4"
Shale,
dark 0 7
Coat 2 8
(3' 7") Upper KIttanning (1780' L.) (John Beverage 4 230 116'
Concealed 36 266
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, clifT rock. East
Lynn 30 295
Concealed 9 804
Coal blossom, Middle KIttanning 1 306 76'
Concealed 12 317
Sandstone, massive, cliff rock, with nnmerons
plant fossils at base 35 352
Coal 3' 8"!
Slate, black.. .1 [ (8' 4'') Lower KIttanning
Slate, black... 0 1 Mine, No. 784 on Map 8 360 55'
Coal, visible... 2 8 J IV). Potteviile Series (618')
Steep slope, with massive sandstone. Homewood 90 450
Coal opening, thickness concealed, not much found, Upper Mercer (Stockton "A") (1590' L.) 460 90'
Concealed in steep slope 86 635
Fire clay spring, Kanawha Black Flint horl-
2on 636 86'
Concealed in bench 10 645
Concealed in slope 45 690
Sandstone, massive, clifP rock. Upper Winlfrede
50 640
Concealed 90 780
Sandstone, massive, partly concealed, to Little Kanawha River, Cleveland 46 776
Interval 46 820
Continued by Record of Vandervort and Pickens No. 1 (81) Well (1220' B.):
Quicksand 26 845
Big Injun 140 2085
154 Stratigraphy— General Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Lime and slate 75 945
Sand, hard and poor 33 978
Lime 25 1003
Shale and lime 89 1092
Lime, sandy 93 1185
Shale, white 20 1205
Lime, sandy, shale and red rock 515 1720 1185'
Sand, Mazton 25 1745
Lime, sandy 25 1770
Shale, black 10 1780 60'
Big Lime 165 1945
Red rock .' 20 2105
Lime, sandy 215 2320 540'
Sand, gray, Berea 50 2370
Shells, sandy, and slate 50 2420
Lime, shells, and slate 100 2520
Lime, sandy 50 2570
Lime, shells and slate, to bottom 57 2627
The following section was made with aneroid by the
writer, starting at the top of the hill 1.3 miles northeast of
Cleveland, and descending southwestward down the hill road to the Little Kanawha River at the mouth of Honey Camp Run:
Honey Camp Section, Banks District.
Thickness. Total.
Conemaugh Series (90') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, massive, soft, pebbly, from top of
hill. Upper Mahoning 25 25
Shale and concealed 55 80
Fire clay 80
Sandstone, Lower Mahoning 10 90 90'
Shale, sandy 10 100
Sandstone, massive. Upper Freeport 40 140
Concealed 10 150
Sandstone, massive, Lower Freeport 55 205
Concealed 35 240
Coal blossom, Middle KIttanning (1840' B.) 240 90'
Shale and fire clay 10 250
Sandstone, massive 15 265
West Virginia Geological Survey. 1 55
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Concealed 26 290
Coat blossom, Lower Kittanning (1790' B.) 290 60'
Fire clay 10 80O
Sandstone, masBlve, Homewood 26 826
Concealed and sandy shale 20 346
Sandstone 36 880
Concealed 60 440
Concealed 76 616
Concealed 26 640
Fire clay 640
Concealed 36 676
Black slate and coal blossom, Campbell Creek
Concealed 100 676
Fire clay, streak 676
Concealed 66 740
Sandstone, massive, Cleveland, to Ldttle Kanawha River 40 780
Along the Buckhannon River in the eastern corner of Banks District, several borings have been made for oil and gas and coal, affording a good opportunity to connect surface measurements with the records of some of these holes. In the following section, arranged in descending order, the surface portion was made with hand-level by the writer, starting at Newlon on the Buckhannon River and working westward up the hill and southwestward along the ridge to a point 0.9 mile southwest of Newlon where the Homewood Sandstone cliff caps the hill. The lower portion is the record of the Buckhannon Chemical Company No. 1 (90) Well, drilled by the company on its own property at the foot of the measured section at Newlon, the record being furnished the Survey by Wm. McDade, General Manager of the plant of the company at Chemical. The well was a dry hole :
Newlon Section, Banks District.
Thickness. Total. Pottsville Series (1063') Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, massive, pebbly from top of knob,
Homewood 40 40
Concealed 80 120
Sandstone, massive, Upper Connoquenessing 30 160
156 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Concealed in bench, Quakertown Coal horizon 6 156 105'
Sandstone, massive. Lower ConnequeneMing 48 203
Concealed in bench 12 215
Sandstone, partly concealed, Uppr Cedar
Grove 46 261
Sandstone and concealed 66 827
Slate, black, at spring 827
Concealed and sandstone 30 857
Shale, dark-gray, with ferriferous limestone
nodules, Campbell Creek Limestone (4' 4'') 4 361 Coal, Campbell Creek (2095' L.) (1' 8"), (Prospect No. 983A on Map IV) 2 363 208*
Sandstone, massive 23 386
Concealed in steep blufC, mostly sandstone. . 90 486
Slate, black, thickness concealed 486
Concealed with sandstone 47 688
Shale, dark, sandy, laminated, with turtleback limestone concretions, Newlon, to
top of boring 20 553
Continued by Buckhannon Chemical Company No. 1 (90) Well Record (1906' L.) :
Sand and gravel 12 565
Sand, hard. Upper Nuttall 50 633
Slate, black 25 658
Sand, Lower Nuttall 25 683
CosLl, Hughes Ferry 1 684 821
Sand 29 713
Lime 40 753
Slate 40 793
Lime 65 858
Sand 20 878
Slate 15 893
Lime 16 908
Sand, Salt 140 1053 369'
Slate 14 1067
Red rock 46 1113
Lime 60 1173
Red rock " 65 1238
Slate 10 1248 196'
Sand, Maxton 40 1288
Lime 35 1323
Red rock 25 1348
Slate 40 1388 140'
Lime, Big 35 1423
Slate 10 1433
Sand, Big Injun 35 1468
Slate and shells 5 1473
Feet. Peet.
Sand, Squaw 85 1BB8
Lime IZG 1683
Hed rock B 1B88
Ume 87 1783 386'
Sana. Fifty-foot? 8 1791
Red rock and sheila 147 1938 IB5'
Sand, Thirty-footT 8 1946
Red rock and shells to bottom 88 2034
The following section, with the exception of the Lower Kittanning Coal, which crops at the top of the Silica Sand Company quarry on a level with the top of the well, is the record of the Silica Sand Company No. 3 (84) Gas Well, completed Feb. 21, 1906, by the Greater Pittsburgh Oil and Gas Company on the ridge 0.4 mile northwest of Craddock. The well has produced gas for ten years from the Big Injun Sand, but in 1915 its flow had so decreased that it was drilled deeper, the result being a failure, according to J. W. Lloyd, of Newlonton, lease superintendent, who furnished the record of the additional drilling :
Craddock Section, Banks District.
TblcknesB. TotaL Allegheny Series ( ) Feet Feet.
Coal blossom, thickness concealed, Lower
Continued by Silica Sand Co. No. 8 (84) Well Record (250B' B.): Pottavtiie Series (980')
Sand, Second Cow Rim, Homewood 59 59
Coal, Upper Mercer 6 6S SB'
Sand 70 136
Slate 20
Ume 70
Band 4B
Slate 45
Lime, gritty 46
Slate 20
Lime, gritty 36
Coal, Eagle 3
Lime, gritty 47
Slate 10
15 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Coal, Hughes Ferry 6 656 63'
Lime 69 715
Sand 35 750
Slate 10 760
Lime, gritty 76 836
Coal, Sewell "B" 6 842 186'
Lime 23 865
Coal, Sewell 4 869 33'
Ume, gritty (8%" casing, 887') 18 887
Lime, gritty 38 926
Sand, Salt (gas, 930'; water, 940' and 990') 65 990
Slate 20 1010
Sand 40 1050 181'
Lime 16 1065
Unrecorded 70 1136
Red rock 45 1180
Slate 20 1200
Red rock 30 1230
Lime 50 1280
Red rock 60 1340
Sand 20 1360
Red rock 15 1375
Sand SO 1405
Red rock 10 1415
Lime 15 1430
Sand 30 1460
Red rock 30 1490
Lime 10 1600 460'
Big Lime (6%" casing, 1730') 257 1787
Sand, Big Injun (gas, 1800' and 1818') 41 1828
Unrecorded to bottom 10 1838
Drilled deeper In 1915:
Red rock 4 1842
Slate and shell 48 1890
Red rock 10 1900
Slate and shell 10 1910
Red rock 4 1914
Slate and shell 16 1930
Red rock and shells 5 1935
Slate and shells 15 1950
Red rock and shells 175 2126
Lime 25 2150
Red rock and shells 70 2220
In the following section, arranged in descending order, the surface portion was measured with aneroid by Teets, descending the hill eastward to the Lick Run road at a point T).3 mile south of Palace Valley. The lower portion is the record
West Virginia Geological Survey. 1 59
of the Elkhorn Coal Corporation No. 1 (120) Coal Test drilled on its property on Lick Run in Randolph County, 0.7 mile south of Palace Valley and 0.4 mile south of the base of the measured section, the southward rise of the rocks being practically equal to the difference of level (70) between the two points so that the stratigraphic sequence should be complete. The record of this hole was furnished the Survey by Brooks Fleming, Jr., Assistant Manager of the Consolidation Coal Company, of Fairmont, W. Va. :
Palace Valley Section, Banks District.
Thickness. TotaL
Concealed to bench 80 0 80 0
Shale, sandy and concealed 75 0 155 0
Sandstone, massive cliff, gray, hard,
medium-grained 25 0 180 0
Shale, sandy, and sandstone 62 9 242 9
Morgan Mine No. 1015 on Map
Slate 5 0 250 0
Sandstone and sandy shale 15 0 265 0
Sandstone, soft 30 0 295 0
Shale, sandy and concealed to bench 70 0 365 0
Sandstone and sandy shale 54 0 419 0
Continued by Coal Corporation No. 1 (120) Coal Test Record (2340' B.) :
Surface 30
Shale 2
Slate 0
Coal smut 0
Fire clay 3
Shale 14
Slate 0
Coal, Sewell "B" 0 10 471 0 51'
Fire clay 5
Slate and coal 1
Shale : 4
Slate and coal 0
Soapstone 3
Shale 1
Slate 1
Fire clay 6
Slate 0
Coal 0' 4"1
Shale 6 1 [Sewell... 6 7 50110 30' 10
Coal 0 2 J
Stratigraphy — General Sections.
ThlckneflB. Total.
Sharon..
Sandstone 73' 11"
Conglomerate.. , "
Fire clay I 0 836 6
Conglomerate 1 7 637 0
Bandatone 5 0 M2 0 140' 2"
Shale !1 6 663 8
Sandstone 23 0 686 6
Shale 5 6 6S2 0
Sbale and anlphur balls 10 6 719 5
Sandstone and sulphur balls 10 0 729 G
Sandstone 28 0 752 6
Shale 10 768 6
Red shale 86 9 790 2
Gray shale 2 2 798 4
Red shale 10 793 4
Gray shale 2 2 795 6
Sandstone 10 0 805 6
Sections In Western Portion Of Randolph County.
General Sections, Leaosville District, Randolph.
In western Randolph the surface rocks are principally those of the Allegheny and PottsviUe Series, only a small amount of the Conemaugh being represented in the northwestern comer. The steep eastward rise of the rocks along the Laurel Ridge and Rich Mountain brings the Mississippian measures to the surface, but little dependence could be put in any measurement of them in their tilted and broken condition, and their description belongs rather to that portion of Randolph east of these mountains than to this Report.
In the following section, arranged in descending order, the surface portion was measured with hand-level by Teets and the writer at the Kaufman Church on the east side of the Tygart Valley River, 1 mile southwest of Gage, and just south of the Randolph-Barbour Line. The lower portion is the record of the Coberly No. 1 (105) Coal Test, drilled by the Western Maryland Railway Company at the foot of the
West Virginia Geological Survey.
ing near the church, but the section as published is that obtained at the Gage mine where all the coal was exposed :
Gage Section, Leadsville District.
Concealed from top of hill 100 0
Coal. canneL.O' 10'
kW
Slate, black... 0 10
Bone 0 6
Coal, soft 2 6
Slate, dark 0 10
Coal, soft 1 0
Slate, dark 0 4
Coal, "knee
deep" 0 4
Lower Kittanning (Oage Coal & Coke Co. 7 1 Mine, No. 606 on Map IV)
Concealed 35
Sandstone, massive, great clifP,
quarry rock, Homewood 60
68
Sandstone, massive, great pebbly cUff, Upper Connoqueneseing.. Continued by Coberly No. 1 (106) Coal Test Record (176CK B.): Red surface clay and small boulders Small pebbled conglomerate rock. 15' 3 Clay, blue, soft and
smooth 1 2
Small pebbled conglomerate rock. 26 8 Fire clay, soft, light 1 10 Small pebbled conglomerate rock. 10 8 Sand rock, finegrained, gray. .13 10
Slate, black, Quakertown .'. 2
Sand rock, hard, gray 0
Slate, black 1
Slate, sandy, dark 6
Coal Quakertown 0
Slate, black 1
Shale, dark-gray 12
Sandstone, hard, dark, finegrained V
Sandstone, hard, gray 37
I Upper I Conno. ness- Ing
2"
Connoquenes*- ing
Slate, sandy, dark 1 10
Sandstone, dark 5 0
Slate, dark, sandy 2 6
Sandstone, gray 0 6
Total. Ft. In.
l62 STRATIGRAPHY — GENERAL SECTIONS.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Slate, dark, smooth 4 4 427 8
Slate, black 2 0 429 8
Slate, dark, sandy 22 11 452 7
Sandstone, fine, gray 6 9 458 4
Slate, dark, sandy 7 5 465 9
Coal, Poweltton 1 2 466 11 105' 0"
Slate, dark, sandy 11 11 478 10
Coal, Eagle 2 0 480 10 13' 11"
Fire clay, light, smooth 3 3 484 1
Sandstone, dark, to bottom 2 5 486 6
In the following section, made by the writer mostly with hand-level, the Homewood and Upper Connoquenessing Sandstones were observed on the north side of the Tygart Valley River, 0.5 mile southeast of Laurel and the formations below, including the Quakertown Slate horizon were found along the railroad grade 0.3 mile south of Laurel, the great overlying Connoquenessing cliflF being followed between the two points. The Lower Kittanning Coal and its interval above the Homewood are inserted from numerous exposures a short distance up the river, the great sandstone cliffs being traced directly to the point where the section was made:
Laurel Section, Leadsville District.
Thickness. Total.
Allegheny SeHes (48') Feet. Feet. Coat, Lower Kittanning, supplied from south
side of river 8 8 8'
Interval 40 48
Sandstone, massive, Homewood 50 98
Concealed 10 108
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Upper Connoquenesaing
100 208
Coal, lenticular (0" to 0' 4"), Quakertown
"Rider" 208 200'
Shale, gray 1 209
Shale, dark, hard 7 216
Slate, black, with Lingulae and Naladites eiongata fossils, very large and numerous, Quakertown Slate 3 219 11'
Shale, sandy, dark 5 224
Fire clay shale to grade 4.5 229
The following section, arranged in descending order, was measured with hand-level by the writer starting at Tygart
West Virginia Geological Survey. 163
Valley River at the mine tipple at Harding and working northeastward up the hill. Owing to the dip of the measures the Quakertown Slate horizon is below drainage at this point :
Harding Section, Leadsville District.
Thickness. TotaL
with sandstone from top of hill. .80 80 Coal with partings, Lower KIttannIng
Concealed 17 110
Sandstone, massive, cUff rock, Homewood... 35 146
Slate and fire clay 3 148
Concealed 13 161 68'
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, cUft rock, to Ty-
gart Valley River, Upper Connoquenesslng 66 226
The following section was made with aneroid by Teets and the writer, starting at the southern extremity of Laurel Ridge, 2 miles east of Roaring Creek Junction, and measuring down to the Tygart Valley River just east of the power-house on the Elkins Electric Line. The section exposes the entire Pottsville Series, but owing to the rapid dip the intervals are unreliable and probably shorter than true vertical measurement would show. The Mauch Chunk Reds do not appear at the base of the section on account of the great amount of debris, but they are visible a short distance farther east and, )udging by the dip, they should belong above drainage as indicated :
Laurel Ridge Section, Leadsville District.
Thickness. Total.
Pottsville Series (505') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, massive, pebbly, capping ridge,
Homewood 30 30
Concealed 16 45
Sandstone, massive, cliff rock. Upper Connoquenesslng
55 100 100'
Concealed 10 110
Sandstone, massive, cliff rock, with small
pebbles. Lower Connoquenesslng 50 160
Concealed 153 313
Shale, dark with plant fossils, Hartrldge.. 4 317
164 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thlcluiess. Total.
Feet. Feet. Coal, soft, (2' BT), Seweil (Elkins laectric Railway Co. Mine, No. 1039 on Map IV)
Concealed 60 880
Coal prospect, only a little black slate, Welch ... 380 W
Concealed 65 446
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Sharon 25 470
Concealed 36 605
Coal digging abandoned, only a little black
Concealed to Tygart Valley River 36 640
General Sections, Roaring Creek District, Randolph.
Roaring Creek District occupies the northwestern corner of the county in the angle formed by Upshur and Barbour, and the same structural features as found in southern Barbour; viz, the Hiram Anticline and Belington Syncline, pass through it. The surface geology is that of the Allegheny and Pottsville Series, the Conemaugh having entirely disappeared with the southern rise of the rocks.
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets, starting at the top of the hill one-half mile south of Findley and working northward to the Tygart Valley River near the mouth of Little Laurel Run, the intervals being larger than true vertical measurement would show, owing to the northward dip :
Findley Section, Roaring Creek District.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, massive, Lower Freeport 26 26
Concealed 26 60
Bench 6 66
Concealed 59 114
Slate 2 116
Slate, black.. 3 2 j Lower Kittanning
Slate, black..! 8 796 on Map IV)
Coal 2 4 j
Sandstone and concealed .26 160
Concealed 26 175
Concealed 86 210
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Sandstone, massive, Homewood 30
Slate, with coal streaks, Upper Mercer 13
Sandstone 12
Slate, black 18
Coal, Lower Mercer 2
Sandstone, massive. . . .45'
Concealed 20
Sandstone, massive 30
Concealed to bed of Tygart Valley River (1755' B.) 80
Upper Connoqueneeeing
Total.
Feet.
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets just southeast of Leiter :
Leiter Section, Roaring Creek District
Concealed 40
Sandstone, massive, pebbly. Lower Freeport 15
Concealed 5
KIttanning 5
Concealed 83
Slate
Coal 1' 6
Slate, black 0 10
Coal 1 2
Slate, bony 0 8
Coal 0 1
Slate, dark 0 9
Coal 2 8
Shale, gray 0 10
Feet.
"
(9' 9") Clarion (2025' B.) (Davis Coal & Coke Co. Leiter Mine, No. 834 on Map IV)
Coal, soft (visible).. 1 3 Pottsvllle Series (115')
Slate and concealed 40
Sandstone and concealed, Homewood 75
In the following section the surface portion was measured with aneroid by Teets and the writer, starting at the top of the hill just west of Roaring Creek Junction and working eastward to the Tygart Valley River at the Junction. The lower portion is the record of the Wm. Corley No. 9 (108) Coal Test, drilled by the Davis Colliery Company, and located within a few yards of the railroad station, John T. Davis, of Elkins, Vice-President of the company, being authority for the data. The section probably extends very near to the base of the Pottsville :
[66 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Roaring Creek Junction Section, Roaring Creek District.
Concealed from top oC hill 4E 0 45 0
Blate, bony O 6 (2030'B.) (Davia Coal, Boft, I Colliery Co. Mine
ooltmmar.J 8 f No. 6 Coaling 6 7 51 7 51' 7-
Slate, dark 0 9 Station, No. 803
Concealed 86 5 87 0
Sandstone, masalTe, Homewood... 30 0 117 0
Concealed 60 0 177 0
Sandstone, masalve, pebbly, Uppsr
Connoquenetfling 47 0 224 0
Continued by Wm. CoHey No. 9 <108) Cmil TeM Record <18SS' L.):
Surface 9 6 233 6
Fire clay IB 8 249 2
Sandstone, gny. Lower Connoquaneuing
SI 5 271 7
Shale, green, and Are clay 21 3 292 10
Sandstone, gray 12 7 SOS 6
Sbale. green 41 10 347 3
Sandstone, gray 6 4 863 7
Fire clay 6 7 360 2
Coal, elate and eulphur, Campbell
Creek O 7 360 9 309' 2"
Fire clay and Bandstone, mixed... 12 6 373 3
Sandstone, gray 2111 396 S
Sandy alate S S 403 10
Coal 2 "1
Slate and Baad.l 0 IPowellton 2 8H 406 6H 45' 9--
Coal 1 6% J
Sand Blate 6 10 412 6
Sandstone and Blate, mixed 6 9 41S 2
Sandstone, gray IS 4 436 6
Slat and fln clay 2 43S 10
Coal, Eagle 0 3H 439 2 32'714"
Sandstone and sand state, mixed.. 9 9 448 11
Sandstone, gray, Decota 23 5 472 4
Slate 10 0 482 4
Coal and slate, mixed, Qllbert 11 483 5 44' 3"
Fire clay and green Bhale, mixed . . 7 11 491 4
Slate, streak sandstone 10 lOH 502
Coal, Hughea Ferry 5 314 507 8 24' 1"
Fire clay, sand slate and alate
mixed 10 10% 618 4%
Coal 0' 1%"1
Oats 0 SU iCaatle... 2 8H 521 1 13'7''
Coal 2 2 J
Slate and lire clay 26 9 646 10
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Thickness. Ft. In. Sandstone, gray, Lower Guyandot? 23 3
Coal, bony 0' 2W
Slate, and little
Total. Ft. In.
coal 0
Coal, little slate
and sulphur . . .1 4 Slate and bony
coal 0
Fire clay '. 7 1%
Clay 1 1
Coal, bony, Welch 0 10
Slate and fire clay 2 4
Sandstone, gray 13 2
Coal
Sandstone ,
gray 36' 4'
Sandstone, gray and conglomerate . . .
Sandstone,
gray 34
8haron Conglomerate..
Slate, black, and little seams of coal Fire clay and gray sandstone, mixed Sandstone, gray, and conglomerate 20 Sandstone and sand slate, mixed, to bottom
Sewell 2 572 51' 8%
98'3V&'
The following section was measured with aneroid by the writer, starting at the top of the hill south of Laurel Creek, at a point 1.5 miles west of Pumpkintown and working northward to the Parkersburg and Staunton Turnpike at the "Half- Way House":
Pumpkintown Section, Roaring Creek District.
Thickness. Total. Allegheny Series (75') Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, massive, capping ridge. East Lynn 45
Concealed 30
Sandstone, massive, partly concealed in
bluff, Homewood 55
Coal 0' 6"
Slate, dark.O 2
Coal 0 8
Slate, dark.O 2
Coal, soft.. .1 3
Shale, gray.l 0
Coal 1 6
Concealed in bench.
(5' 3") Upper Mercer (2380' B.) (Pat Ford Mine, 5 No. 860 on Map IV)
l68 STRATIGRAPHY — GENERAL SECTIONS.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, partly concealed in bluff. Upper
Connoquenesstng 135 276
Bench, contains coal % mile farther east,
Quakertown 10 286 160'
Concealed to run 130 416
Coal, exposed on Rafferty farm, % mile westward, Campbell Creek, thickness supplied 2 417 132'
General Sections, Middle Fork District, Randolph.
Middle Fork District occupies a large area lying between Rich Mountain on the east and Upshur and Webster Counties on the west, being more than twenty miles long. Its surface geology is almost entirely that of the Pottsville Series as the Allegheny only caps some of the highest hills along the Upshur Line. At the southern end of the District, the Mauch Chunk is exposed along the Back Fork of Elk and it also comes to the surface where the Hiram Anticline crosses the Middle Fork River below Cassity and where it crosses Left Fork of Buckhannon. River in the Hartridge region.
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets, starting at the top of the mountain 1.5 miles northwest of Cassity and descending southwestward to the Middle Fork River one-third mile southeast of the mouth of Lost Run Since this point is just east of where the Hiram Anticline crosses the river, the top of the Mauch Chunk is exposed in the base of the section :
Lost Run of Middle Fork Section, Middle Fork District.
Thickness. Total..
Concealed 10 10
Sandstone, massive, pebbly. Upper Con noquenessing
50 60 60
Concealed 150 210
Bench, concealed 5 215
Concealed 170 385
Bench, concealed 5 390
Concealed 35 425
Bench, concealed 5 430
Concealed 95 525
Bench, concealed 5 530
Concealed 105 635
West Virginia Geological Survey. 169
Thickness. Total.
Bench, concealed 5 640
Concealed 27 667
Sandstone, Sharon 35 726
Concealed 70 796 126'
Shales, red and variegated, to Middle Fork
River 26 820
The following section was measured with aneroid by Tetes, 0.7 mile northwest of Cassity and just west of Lick Run, tributary to Middle Fork :
Lick Run of Middle Fork Section, Middle Fork District.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, massive, conglomerate. Upper
Connoquenesting 89 104
Coal blossom, Quakeiown 1 105
Concealed 225 330
Sandstone, massive 60 390
Concealed 89 479
Coal blossom, Hughes Ferry 1 480
Concealed 172 652
Concealed 15 670
Shale, gray, slaty 10 680
Sandstone, massive, to Middle Fork River. . 25 705
In the following section, arranged in descending order, the surface portion was measured with hand-level, startiiig with the Middle Fork River at Cassity and working westward to the top of Bear Knob, due acknowledgment being made to R. O. Zirkle, a pioneer resident of Cassity, who pointed out the coal prospects, some of which were in the woods and could not otherwise have been found. The lower portion is the record of the Andrew Currence Coal Test No. 11 (114), drilled by the Davis and Elkins interests, to which the Davis Colliery Company is now the successor, and located on Threeforks Run, 0.8 mile southwest of Cassity, and previously published by Dr. White in Volume II, page 623, of the Survey. The base of the measured section is cut off so as to make a continuous stratigraphic sequence with the coal
170 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
test, the presence of the Sewell Coal at both points making* a good "key-rock" for joining the two measurements :
Cassity Section, Middle Fork District.
Thickness. Total. Pottsville Series (915' W/z") Ft. In. Ft. In.
Sandstone, capping Bear Knob,
Concealed 60 0 100 0
Sandstone, massive, pebbly at top,
cliff rock. Upper Connoqueneselng
100 0 200 0
Slate, black, thickness concealed,
found), Quakertown Slate 200 0 200' O''
Concealed , 144
Coal, Campbell Creek (246r L..)... 0 7 346 7 146' 7''
Concealed 85
Slate, black 1
Concealed 8
Slate, I Phares Prospect 3 9 444 9 99'
Concealed in steep bluff 82
Concealed 16
Coal, Gilbert (2263' L.), visible... 10 644 0 99' 3'
Concealed 47
Coal, Hughes Ferry (2216' L.), reported 0 6 692 0 48' 0'
Concealed 30
Slate, black 3
Castle, 1' visible, reported 2'
4" to 2 0 627 0 36' 0"
Sandstone, massive, Quyandot 26
Concealed 36
Shale, sandy 3
Coal, Sewell "B" (2116' L.) 0 6 691 0 64' 0'
Sandstone, shaly 5
Concealed 43
Continued by record of Andrew Currence Coal Test No. 11 (114) (2092' B.):
Surface boulders and sand 6
Fire clay, broken up, soft 2
Coal 2' 2"!
Coal and slate Sewell .. 3 2 761 2 60' 2"
mixed 1 0 J
West Virginia Geological Survey. I7I
Thickness. Total. "Ft. In. Ft. In.
Fire clay, broken up 18 0 769 2
Blre clay, Uttle streaks of gray
sandstone 11 0 780 2
Slate and fire clay 3 2 783 4
Fire clay and gray sandstone,
mixed 28 9 807 1
Slate, sandy 11 11 819 0
Sandstone, gray, with streaks of
slate 10 8 829 8
Slate, sandy 2 8 832 4
Sandstone, gray 6 11 839 3
Slate, sandy ' 2 8 841 11
Sandstone, gray 11 0 852 11
Fire clay and slate, mixed, and
trace of coal 23 8 876 7
Bone coal 0 2% 876 9% 125' 7%*
Fire clay 8 0 884 9%
Bone and coal, mixed, streaks of
slate 1 9 886
Slate 2 5 888 11%
Sandstone,
gray 15' 7"
Conglomerate,
very
coarse. ..06 Slate, sandy.. 1 2 Sandstone,
gray 0 5
Conglomerate,
coarse. ..10 Sandstone,
gray 5 8
Conglomerate,
Slate, sandy 2 9
Green sandstone and shale 58 9
Sandstone, gray 43 1
Fire clay, greenish cast 9 9
Gray sandstone to red beds 5 4
In the above section the lower 119 feet of strata are placed in the Mauch Chunk because that interpretation coincides more nearly with the facts as shown by the Lost Run Section on pages 168-9, where the base of the Pottsville is only 125 feet below the Sewell Coal, the identity of which is not subject to question in either section, and also because the great Sharon Conglomerate noted in the section was frequently observed at many points just overlying the red beds, and even in the record above the lithologic change from gray conglomerate to green shales and sandstones, typical of the Mauch Chunk, is abrupt.
Sharon Conglomenate 26 11 915 10% 39' 1'
7%
4%
5%
6%
9%
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets and the writer descending the steep hill road on Cassity Fork. 2 miles northeast of Cassity :
Cassity Fork Section, Middle Fork District.
TblclmeBS. Total.
Alieghny Ssrles ( Feet. Feet. Coal bFoMom, Lower KItUnning (2&2S' B.) . . .
Sandetone, masslre, great cliff, Homewood.. 40 40
Concealed IG GE
Concealed 36 90
Elandatoae, masalve, cliff rock, Upper Connsqueneseing
80 170
Concealed and Are clay 26 196
Fire clay and concealed 25 220
Shale, aandy, and concealed 76 2B5
Slate, black, hard, laminated 4 299
Coal, good (V 0"), Campbell Creek (2220' B.) 1 300 106'
Fire clay 2 302
Sandstone, hard 2 304
Shale, Bandy, with limestone nuggeta 11 315
Shale, dark 4 319
Sandstone, maselye 6 326
Coal ((K 7"), Powellton <2194' B.) 1 326 11'
Shale, dark, aandy, with limestone nuggets. 8 334
Sandstone to creek 2 336
In the following section, arranged in descending order, the upper portion was measured with aneroid by Teets, starting at the top of the mountain west of Middle Fork River and descending eastward to the mouth of Laurel Branch, 2 miles northeast of Adolph, the John Fincham mine on the east side being inserted at its proper place. The lower portion is the record of the John Fincham No. 14 Coal Test (116), located at the mouth of Laurel Branch, and drilled by the Davis Colliery Company. This record was previously published by Dr. White in Volume II, page 624, of the Survey. The same absence of red rock at the top of the Mauch Chunk is noted here as that found at Cassity but the great Beech (Sharon) Conglomerate is present, 81 feet thick, and seems to mark
West Virginia Geological Survey. I73
the base of the Pottsville as the rocks underlying it change suddenly to shales and green sandstones:
Laurel Branch of Middle Fork Section, Middle Fork District.
Pottsville Series (SIS' 5") Ft. In. Sandstone, masslye. Upper Connoquenessing
30 0 30 0 30' 0
Concealed and sandstone 26 0
Sandstone, masslye. Lower Connoquenessing
30 0
Concealed ; 36 0
Bench, concealed 6 0
Concealed and sandy shale 70 0
Bench, concealed 6 0
Concealed 79 6
Slate, gray 0 6
Concealed 62 6
Bench, concealed 6 0
Concealed 76 0
Sandstone and sandy shale 30 0
Concealed 28 0
Slate, hlack, Hughes Ferry Coal
horizon 2 0 606 0 197' 6
Sandstone, flaggy 28 0
Slate, black, to top of coal test. ... 18 0
Continued by John Fincham No.
Surface clay, and, and boulders.. 4 2
Sandstone, gray, streaks of slate.. 7 6
Slate, little streaks of sandstone. . . 12 0
Fire clay 2 11
Slate and fire clay 0 10
Coal, Castle 10 674 6 . 69' 6
Fire clay, broken up. very soft 12 10
Sandstone, gray, and fire clay.
"ilxed 10 7
Slate and fire clay, mixed 4 7
Fire clay 1 10
Sandstone, gray, Guyandot 23 6
Slate 26 7
Coal and slate, mixed, 8ewell "B''. 18 666 0 81' 6
Fire clay 6 6
Sandstone, gray 34 3
Total.
Ft. In.
Stratigraphy — General Sections.
SandBtone, gray, and
pea conglomerate, mixed, Tery
hard 12'
Conglomerate, pea,
very hard 4
Cod glomerate, pea,
very hard 1 9 j'Sewell
Coal " "
Conglomerate, pea, Tery hard 0 4
Sandstone, fine-gralned, very hard 7 9
Sandstone, gray 4 3
Slate, Ore clay, s&ndetone, broken
up 9 6
Sandstone, gray,
broken op,
¥8ry hard...ir Sandstone, gray,
full of spots
fire clay, Sharon
sulphur 3 10 ' Conolom- Sandstone, gray. 19 0 erate Conglomerate ... 4 3 Sandstone, gray,
and streaba
of slate 4 10
Sandstone, gray. 38 I Mauch Chunk Series (107' 3")
Slate, sandy, and fire clay 13 3
Fire clay 3
Fire clay and green shale, mixed.. 6 11
Fire clay, very soft 1 0
Fire clay and green shale, mixed. . E 0 Fire clay and streaks of green
sandstone 13 6
Sandstone, gray 9 1
Sandstone, gray, mixed 14 2
Conglomerate and sandstone, mixed 3 5 Sandstone, gray, spots of conglomerate 28 6
Fire' clay and sandstone, mixed, to
red beds 8 11
In the following section, arranged in descending order, the surface portion was measured with aneroid, starting at the top of the mountain 1.3 miles north of Adolph and descending southeastward to Middle Fork River at the mouth of Schoolcraft Run. The lower portion is the record of the K. E. Zickefoose No. 13 (117) Coal Test, located in Adolph and drilled by the Davis Colliery Company, This record was
West Virginia Geological Survey. I7S
previously published by Dr. White in Volume II, page 625. of the Survey. The boring probably ends just at the base of the Pottsville, although no soft Mauch Chunk Shales are noted :
Adolph Section, Middle Fork District.
Thickness. Total.
Pottaville Series (855' 11") Pt. In. Ft. In. Sandstone, massive (16' visible), and concealed, In bluff. Upper
Connoquenessing 75 0 75 0 75' 0"
Bench 75 0
Steep bluff 70 0 145 0
Bench 5 0 150 0
Steep bluff 125 0 275 0
Bench 5 0 280 0
Concealed in bluff 85 0 366 0
Coal prospect, fallen shut, mostly
black slate, Eagle (2416' B.) 366 0 290' 0''
Concealed 125 0 490 0
Slate, black 4 8 494 8
Sandstone and concealed to stratigraphic level of boring 39 0 635 0
Continued by K. E. Zlckefccse No. 18 (117) Coal Teat Record (2823' L.):
Surface, boulders, and sand 7 7 642 7
Slate and little seams of gray sandstone 7 1 549 8
Coal, Hughes Ferry 17 651 3 56' 3"
Slate 13 11 665 2
Sandstone, gray, 1
broken 14' 8" I Middle
Sandstone, gray 17 10 j larger 32 6 697 8
Slate, fire clay, spots of gray sandstone 5 6 603 2
Slate 17 1 620 3
Sandstone, gray, streaks of slate,
Harvey 14 9 636 0
Fire clay and slate 3 4 638 4
Coal r 0 "1
Slate 0 7% j-Caatle. 2 0 640 4 89' 1-
Coal, bony 0 4% J
Fire clay, very soft, broken 10 3 660 7
Sandstone, dark, and fire clay 5 8 656 3
Sandstone, dark-gray 25 10 682 1
Slate and fire clay 12 8 694 9
Sandstone, gray, and streaks of
slate, Guyandot 10 9 705 6
Slate and bony coal, Sewell "B". . . 0 4% 705 10% 66' 6%"
Fire clay, very sandy 5 8% 711 7
Fire clay and slate 16 2 726 9
176 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
TUcknesa. Toti
Ft. In. Ft. I
Sandstone, gray, Lowttr Guyandot. 16 6 743 Sandstone, gray, and little trace of
coar 6 8 748 :
Plre clay 5 8 756
Coal, slaty, Bewail 2 7 758
Fire clay 8 6 768
Sandstone, gray. 29'
of gray Band-atone
2
SandBtone, gray, .
and streaks
of slate 21
Slate 4
Sharon
Slate and e&ndstooe
, mixed. 4
tmU
Sandstone, gray,
and streaks
of slate.
mixed 3
B
Tery hard, to
bottom 28 10
The following section was measured with aneroid starting at the Big Laurel Thicket and working eastward down the mountain to the Middle Fork River at the last settlement 2.5 miles south of Adolph:
Big Laurel Thicket Section, Middle Fork District.
Thickness. Total.
Pottsvllle Series (540') Feet Feet. Sandstone, massive, pebbly, cliff rock. Upper
Connoquenessing 70 70 7p'
Concealed In bench 6 7G
Steep bluff, with eandstone 65 140
Ckincealed 25S 393
Sandstone, ahaly. Eagle 4.6 397.6
Coal, Fott, 1
columnar 2' 0" I Eagle (2676' B.) (Sim- Slate. dark O 2 f eon Kittle Mine, No. 2.5 400 StO*
Concealed 49 449
Concealed 64 614
Coal, Gilbert, (2660' B.), (reported 0' 10").. 1 515 66'
Concealed 2S 638
Coal, In river, Hughes Terry, (2636' B.), (reported, 1' 8") 2 540 25'
!t
Sa
is
-
lyB STRATIGRAPHY — GENERAL SECTIONS.
Tblckoess. Total
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Shale 12 2 606 2
Coal, Swlt 2 4 608 6 ST'l"
Shale, dark S4 8 643 2
Shale, red 10 0 6G3 2
Shale, dark 6 0 6E9 2
Sandstone SO 0 679 2
Shale, red and green 6 0 6SG 2
The foilowing section was measured with aneroid by Teets, starting on the hill 0.6 mile west of Czar, and descending the road to Left Fork of Right Fork of Buckhannon River at Czar. Owing to the eastward rise of the rocks, the intervals are slightly less than true vertical measurement would show:
Czar Section, Middle Fork District,
Thickness. Total-
Concealed 25 26
Sandstone, gray, flags 35 60
Shale, Bandy 6 65
Sandstone, maBalve, coarse-grained 3S 100
Sbale, sandy, and sandstone 39 139
Shale, gray, sandy 46 18G
Sandstone 5 190
Shale, sandy, gray 19.5 209.5
Coal bloMom, Campbell Creek (2405' B.) . . . 0.6 210 70'
Shale, sandy, and concealed 37 247
Fire clay 3 250
Shale, sandy 36 2SG
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained. Eagle 50 335
Shale and slate, Nawlon 1S.5 353.5
Shale, sandy, and concealed 76 430
Sandstone, massive, fine-grained 8 438
Slate, dark, to bottom 7 44E
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets, starting at the top of the hill 1 mile south of Czar and working eastward to the forks of Trout Run :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 1 79
Trout Run Section, Middle Fork District.
Thldmess. Total.
Sandstone, massive. Upper Connoqueneselng 20 20 20
Concealed 80 100
Sandstone and concealed, bluff 20 120
Concealed 80 200
Bench, concealed 5 205
Concealed 95 800
Slate 6 305
Coal, soft..!' 6" ] Alma (2570' B.) (report- Slate, gray.O 6 ed section) (J. J.Wuerzer 5 310 290' Coal, soft.. 3 0 J opening. No. 912A on Map rV)
Concealed and sandstone 135 445
Slate, black 2.5 447.5
Coal, bony.O 4" ) Eagle (2' 6") (J. J. Wuer- 2.5 450 140'
Coal, soft.. 2 2 5 zer opening No. 997 on Map IV) Concealed to run 100 550
The following section was measured ' with aneroid by Teets, starting at the top of the hill 1 mile southwest of Helvetia and descending the road northeastward to that village :
Helvetia Section, Middle Fork District.
Thickness. Total.
Shale, sandy 65 65
Bench, concealed 5 70
Sandstone, and sandy shale 35 106
Sandstone, massive cliff, gray, medium-grained 20 125
Bench, concealed 10 135
Shale, sandy, and concealed 40 175
Bench, sandy shale 5 180
Shale, sandy, and concealed 40 176
Bench, concealed 10 230
Shale, sandy, and sandstone 85 315
Bench, concealed 5 320
Shale, sandy and concealed 30 350
Bench, shale, sandy 5 355
Shale, sandy, and sandstone 50 405
Bench, concealed, and sandy shale 10 415
Shale, sandy, and sandstone 56 470
CJoncealed, bench 6 475
Shale, slaty, dark 34 509
Concealed and sandy shale, to mn 25 635
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets, starting at the common comer of Upshur, Randolph,
l8o STKATIGRAPHY — GENERAL SECTIONS.
and Webster, and working eastward down Devil Run to Arvondale Junction. Owing to the southeastward rise of the rocks, the intervals are shorter than true vertical measurement would show;
Arvondale Junction Section, Middle Fork District.
Concealed 30 3U
Shale, aattdy, and concealed 20 GO
Slate, black 3.6 &3.6
alaty 2 8 f (6' (2730' B.) 6.5 fiO 80"
Shale and concealed 10 70
Sandstone, masalve, pebbly, Homewood 20 90
Shale and concealed 16 106
Concealed, bench 6 110
Shale, sandy, and concealed 40 160
Bench, concealed E 166
Shale, sandy, and sandstone, Uppr Connoquenealng
40 196 1S6'
Shale, sandy, and concealed 40 23G
Sandstone 15 260
Shal sandy, and eandstone 15 2€6
Sandltone, classy 16 280
Shale, sandy, and concealed 35 315
Concealed, bench 10 326
Shale, sandy, and aandstone 40 365
Concealed 10 376
Sandstone 20 396
Shale, sandy, and concealed 60 446
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained 30 476
Slate, dark, cannelly, with Llngulaa foHlta,
near top, Newlon 12 4S7 29r
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets and the writer, starting at the sand quarry one-half mile southeast of Silica and working westward to the Right
Fork of the Buckhannon River, the two McCauley mines
which are located just north of the village being inserted at their proper geologic horizons :
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. l8l
Silica Section, Middle Fork District.
TlilclmesB. Total.
Pottsvllle 8erl (bW) Feet. Feet. Sandstone, massive, coarse, soft, pebbly,
quarry rock, Homewood 40 40
Concealed and shale 3 48
Coal, soft, columnar. Upper Mercer (J. A.
McCauley Mine, No. 863 on Map IV)
Concealed I . . 24 70
Sandstone, massive. Upper Connoqueneasing 16 86
Concealed 70 166
Coal, prospect, thickness concealed, Quaker.
town 165 109'
Concealed 136 291
Shale, sandy, dark 7 298
Concealed 120 418
No. 966 on Map IV), Campbell Creek 2 420 266'
Concealed 80 500
Sandstone, massive. Eagle 60 660
Slate, black, sandy, to river, Newlon 16 676
Coal, reported in river. Eagle (2360' B.)
General Sections, Mingo District, Randolph.
Mingo District lies south of Middle Fork and next to Webster County, at the southern extremity of the territory of this Report. The surface rocks are principally those of the Pottsville Series, but the different branches of Elk River have cut down into the underlying Mauch Chunk and Greenbrier.
The following section was measured with aneroid, starting at the top of Point Mountain, 1.9 miles east of Waneta and descending the trail to the mouth of Mill Run of Elk River, 1 mile southwest of Samp :
Samp Section, Fork Lick District, Webster.
Thickness. Total.
Goncealed from top of Point Mountain 460 460
Sandstone, massive, cliff rock, partly concealed (3086' B.) 56 615
Red shale, partly concealed 290 1090
Sandstone, flaggy, fine, partly concealed 126 1216
Concealed with reds 215 1430
Limestone, Greenbrier, to Elk River 60 1490'
l82 STRATIGRAPHY — GENERAL SECTIONS.
The following section was made with aneroid, starting at the top of a spur of Point Mountain 1.2 miles southeast of Waneta and working northwestward toward Big Run, acknowledgment being due to Lee Hamrick, who pointed out the various coal prospects which probably would not otherwise have been found as the ground was covered with snow a foot or more in depth :
Waneta Section, Fork Lick District, Webster.
TUcknees. Total.
Concealed from top of ridge 45 46
Concealed 228 276
Sandstone, massive, with small pebbles,
Lower Nuttall 06 340
Coal, Hughes Perry (8840' B.) reported 340 293'
Concealed 164.6 494.6
Sandstone, maaslve, Quyandot 25 519.5
Shale, dark 2 521.6
Shale, gray 1 622,6
Coal, B0ft..2' 2" 1 Seweil "B" (31GG' B.)
Bony splint. 0 1 V (Jacob Fisher Pros- 2.6 526 1S6'
Concealed 80 666
Sandstone, massive, Lower Quyandot 16 670
Shale 1 671
Sandstone, massive, Welch 24 599
Shale, greenish-gray 30 705
Mauch Chunk Serlea
Summary.
For convenience of reference, the thickness of the stratified rocks in Barbour, Upshur, and the western portion of Randolph, as determined by the sections in this Chapter, is compiled in the following table, shovnng not only the thickness of the various series but also the totals for the Pennsylvanian, Mississippian, and Devonian Rocks down to the
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Chapter V-
Stratigraphy— The Monongahela
Series-
Gen5Ral Description And Section.
The Monongahela Series of the Pennsylvanian Rocks, first named and described by H. D. Rogers from its abundant outcrop along the Monongahela River in the State of Pennsylvania, and later described in more detail by John J. Stevenson, I. C. White, and others, covers only a small portion of Barbour and Upshur and is not represented at all in Randolph. As shown by Maps II and IV its principal area is in the Districts of Pleasant, Elk, and Union in western Barbour, and in Warren and Buckhannon in northern Upshur. Besides this belt where its outcrop is general, a few small areas, comprising a few acres each, are found in Cove and Barker Districts, Barbour, along the axis of the Belington Syncline.
As mentioned in the Introduction to Chapter IV, the Monongahela Series in western Barbour and northern Upshur is sometimes overlain with thin deposits of the Dunkard Series. The maximum thickness found for these rocks was 196 feet, as exhibited in the Bear Knob Section on page 117. This knob is situated near the axis of the Grassland Syncline where the rocks dip to a low level affording the best opportunity for studying them. In most of the ridges along the border of the two counties, they are seldom more than 50 to 100 feet thick. These rocks are entirely without economic importance, having no coals or limestones in either county, and as they have been described at much length in many previous reports of the Survey in counties where the maximum development is found, no detailed account of them is needed in this volume, but their
West Virginia Geological Survey. Io9
outcrop wherever found has been placed on Maps II and IV, which show the Geolcc Outcrops.
In Barbour and Upshur, the Monongahela Series consists mainly of sandstone beds, greenish or gray in color and often fine-grained, alternating with red or sandy shales, and a few thin limestones, and it contains two important coal seams of commercial thickness and purity, as well as two or three others that are not persistent or valuable. The abundant limestones that occur in the northwestern counties of the State and in western Pennsylvania are but poorly represented, only one of these, the Redstone, being of possible use for agricultural or road purposes. Three important coal beds, the Waynesburg. Sewickley, and Uniontown, that in some other counties are persistent and minable seams, have almost entirely disappeared in these counties. Taken as a whole, the series lacks many of its economic features, as found in the northwestern counties, but its thickness remains much the same, the percentage of sandstones and red beds being much greater. No marine fossils are known to occur and the fresh-water forms are scanty and microscopic.
The following general section, compiled from the detailed sections in Chapter IV as well as from many special observations, represents the maximum number and thickness of the Monongahela members noted in Barbour and Upshur. The series as observed varies from 350 to 410 feet in thickness, being usually about 400 :
General Section of the Monongahela Series for Barbour and Upshur.
Thickness. Total.
Feet, Feet.
Shale 20 zO
Sandstone, green Is h-hrovn, Qllboy ZS 45
Shale 16 60
Sandstone, greenish-gray, micaceous, often
flaggy, Uniontown 30 90
Shale, greenleh-brovn or red, Annabelle 9 99
Coal, Uniontown, 0' 0" to 1 100 100'
Shale, gray 3 103
Limestone, gray, Uniontown 2 lOB
Shale, red and aandy 44 149
190 Stratigraphy — The Monongahela Series.
Sandstone, greenlBb-gray, flay or maBslve,
Arnoldaburg 30 179
Coal, Lower Unlontown, 0' 0" to 1 ISO SO'
Shale, red and sandy 33 213
Shale, green, Fulton 6 218
Limestone, lenticular and shaly, Banwood.-- 1 219 Sandatone, maaslve, and gray, or shaly. Upper Sewlcklay 40 2G9
Coal, Sewickley, 0' 0" to 1 260 80'
Shale, gray 15 276
Sandstone, gray, Lower Swlckley 26 300
T.lmeatone, yellow and hard, lenticular, S-
wlcktey 2 302
Shale, red or sandy 22 324
Sandstone, usually sbaly, 25 349
Shale G 364
Coal, Reditone, 4' 0" to 8 360 100*
Shale 6 365
Sandstone, shaly, Weston 20 386
Umestone. gray, hard, 6 390
Coal, Plttaburgh, 2' 0" to 10 400 40'
Description Of Membees.
Waynesburq Coal.
The Waynesburg Coal, first named and described by H. D. Rogers from its outcrop at Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, and being the highest member of the Monongahela Series, was not observed at all in Barbour or Upshur, having evidently disappeared from the measures, its horizon being occupied by sandy shale or sandstone,
Oilboy Sandstone.
The GUboy Sandstone of White, usually appearing; S to 10 feet below the Waynesburg Coal horizon and 15 to 20 feet below the Waynesburg Sandstone at the base of the Dunkard, was observed frequently in western Barbour and northern Upshur although it is not a conspicifous ledge. It varies in thickness from 10 to 25 feet, and is usually brown in color, being sometimes flaggy but often massive or shaly. In Chapter IV, it is noted in the section for Stonecoal Run where it is 25 feet thick and flaggy, also in that for Bear Knob where
'I. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 160; 1903.
it is geen and flaggy and in that for Big Run where it is 10 ieet thick. As an economic horizon it has little value, being usually too soft for building or road material. So far as known it has not been quarried in either county.
Uniontown Sandstone.
The Uniontown Sandstone of White*, having its baseabout 100 feet below the top of the Monongahela Series, and about 300 feet above the Pittsburgh Coal, is found frequently in both Barbour and Upshur, but lacks the conspicuous cliffforming qualities that it has in some of the counties along the Little Kanawha River farther west. In this territory it is usually greenish-gray and flaggy with numerous particles of mica. In Chapter IV, it is noted in the sections for both the North and South Branch of Stonecoal Run, Beechlick, and Peeltree in Barbour, while in Upshur it is recorded in those for Bear Knob, Big Run, and Groundhog Hollow, its thickness varying from 20 to 35 feet. So far as known, it has not been quarried in either county, and owing to its flaggy nature, it would be of doubtful value as a building material, although the flagstones split from it have been frequently used locally for building cellars and walks.
Annabelle Shale.
The Annabelle Shale of the writer*, named for its occurrence at Annabelle, Marion County, where it lies between the Uniontown Sandstone and Uniontown Coal and is used for. brick making, usually loses its identity in Barbour and Upshur where it merges into the broad band of red shales that comes below the Uniontown Coal, the latter horizon being not often present to separate the two. In the section for Big Run, Upshur, Teets records 55 feet of red and sandy shales just below the Uniontown Sandstone, the upper portion of which would represent the Annabelle horizon,
1. C. White. Bull. 66. U. S. G. Survey, p. 68; 1891. Monongalia-MarloD-Taylor ReiKirt, W. Va. Geo). Surrey, p. 2G0; ISIO.
192 Stratigraphy — The Monqngahela Series.
Uniontown Coal.
The Uniontown Coal, originally named and described by the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania from the city of that name, has almost entirely disappeared in Barbour and Upshur. The only place where it was noted in either county was at Exposure No. 1 on Map IV, in Warren District, Upshur, 1.3 miles east of Bear Knob, where the writer observed the coal at the summit of the hill road. Here it was about 1 foot thick, at an elevation of 1610' B., being 350 feet above the blossom of the Pittsburgh Coal, the interval from the latter horizon being excessive, owing to the westward dip toward the Grassland Syncline. The horizon of this coal was usually occupied by red and sandy shales proving that as an economic factor in the two counties it may be disregarded.
Uniontown Limestone.
The Uniontown Limestone, a subdivision made by J. J. Stevenson from the Great Limestone of the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, and belonging just below the Uniontown Coal, or about IS feet below the Uniontown Sandstone is present in the measures at a few localities in the two counties although it is too thin to be of economic importance other than as a soil-maker. In the sections for Arnold Run and Century, Barbour County, it was noted as being 1 foot thick, hard and gray, in both instances, while in that for Groundhog Hollow, in Upshur, it was only a mass of nodular concretions bedded in shale.
Arnoldsburq Sandstone.
The Amoldsburg Sandstone of Hennen*, located about 220 feet above the Pittsburgh Coal, is present in the measures throughout western Barbour and northern Upshur but lacks the massive cliff-forming character of its type locality. It is usually greenish-gray in color, flaggy and micaceous, though sometimes massive, varying in thickness from 10 to 35 feet.
*Ray V. Hennen, Wirt-Roane-Calhoun Rept., W. Va. Geol Survey, p. 202; 1911.
ft
if
West Virginia Geological Survey. I93
In Chapter IV it is noted in the sections for Astor, Bcrryburg, Stonecoal Run, both branches of Stewart Run, and Beechlick in Barbour, and in those for Bear Knob, Right Branch of Gnatty Creek, and Charity Fork in Upshur. So far as known it has not been quarried in either county, being usually too soft for durable building material.
Lower Uniontown Coal.
The Lower Uniontown Coal of Haas', occurring just below the Arnoldsburg Sandstone, was seldom noted in either county. In the section for the northern branch of Steward Run, published in Chapter IV, it is noted as being (f 7" thick, 29 feet below the Arnoldsburg Sandstone and 175 feet above the Pittsburgh Coal. It was not observed elsewhere and may be disregarded as an economic horizon.
Fulton Green Shale.
The Fulton Green Shale of Grimsley**, occurring just over the Benwood Limestone, is not conspicuous as a stratigraphic horizon, though its presence is noted in Barbour in the section for Astor where it is 5 feet thick and sandy and in that for Stonecoal Run where it is 19 feet and sandy, as published in Chapter IV.
Benwood Limestone.
The Benwood Limestone, first named by I. C. White as a subdivision of the Great Limestone of the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, from its occurrence at Benwood, Marshall County, West Virginia, and belonging above or sometimes replacing the Upper Sewickley Sandstone, is not prominent in Barbour and Upshur, although it is sometimes found. In Barbour it is noted in the section for Astor, 5 feet thick, gray and hard; in that for Pigtail Run, 2 feet thick; and in that for Stonecoal Run, 1 foot thick, all of which v/ere
Prank Haas, Vol. W. Va. QeoL Survey, p. 680; 1908.
G. P. Qrimsley, Ohio-Brooke-Hancock Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 92; 1906.
194 Stratigraphy — The Monongahela Series.
published in Chapter IV. In Upshur it was noted by the writer on Hackers Creek along the hill road 1.1 miles east of Bear Knob, at an elevation of 1465' B., and being shaly and nodular. As an economic horizon it is of value principally as a soil-former, although in a few places enough of it might be found to burn into quicklime or for use as road macadam. It should belong, as a rule, about 180 feet above the Pittsburgh Coal.
Upper 8Ewickley Sandstone.
The Sewickley Sandstone of White, later termed the Upper Sewickley by Hennen", is of frequent occurrence all over the two counties where the Monongahela Series is found. In Barbour it is noted in the sections for Arnold Run and Century, and in Upshur it appears in those for Bear Knob, Groundhog Hollow, Right Branch of Gnatty Creek, and Charity Fork, all of which are published in Chapter IV. It varies in thickness from IS to 45 feet, and as a rule is massive and gray, although it is sometimes flaggy or shaly. It is one of the most persistent and easily recognized sandstone members of the Monongahela Series, sometimes forming a cliff although more often it usually makes only a steep bluff in the topography above which the soft shales slope gently av/ay toward the next sandstone above it, and below which the steep bluff is practically continuous for about 140 feet down to the Pittsburgh Coal. So far as known the Upper Sewickley has not been quarried but it could be used for rough masonry and concrete aggregate. It belongs about 140 feet above the Pittsburgh Coal, and can readily be found from the outcrop of the latter horizon which is shown on Maps II and IV.
Sewickley Coal.
The Sewickley Coal, first named and described by H. D. Rogers from Sewickley Creek, Pennsylvania, and belonging just below the Upper Sewickley Sandstone, and about 140 feet
n. C. White, Bull, 65, U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 60; 1891. Ray V. Hennen, Doddridge-Harrison Rept., W. Va. Geol. Survey p. 199; 1912.
f
19 Stratigraphy — The Monongahela Series.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Peet
Sandstone, shaly, Lower Sewickley 22 22
Slate, black, 1" 22
Shale, yellow 1 23
Limestone, yellow, good, Sewickley 1 24
Limestone, yellow and brecciated 12 86
Sandstone, shaly, Cedarville 24 60
Shale, sandy 6 66
Concealed 25 91
Sandstone, shaly 2 93
Shale, dark 8 101
Slate, black 3 104
A sample of the limestone was collected here, the analysis of which is reported as follows by Messrs. Hite and Krak :
Per cent
Loss on ignition 1.27
Total 99.18
This analysis indicates a limestone suitable for road material or agricultural purposes.
Taken as a whole, the Sewickley Limestone in the two counties will be found chiefly valuable as a soil-maker, as its thin and lentil character prevent it from being quarried on a commercial scale.
Cedarville Sandstone.
The Cedarville Sandstone of the writer®, named from its occurrence at the town of that name in Gilmer County, and coming between the Sewickley Limestone and the Redstone Coal, is of frequent occurrence in Barbour and Upshur, but is usually flaggy or shaly, often being represented by sandy shale, the typical color of the ledge, when present, being greenish-gray. In Chapter IV it is noted in the Barbour County Sections for Stonecoal Run, Stewart Run (North
'Lewis and Gilmer Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 124; 1916.
West Virginia Geological Survey. I97
Branch), Arnold Run, and Century; and in the Upshur County Sections for Ruraldale, Pecks Run, and Charity Fork. In these sections the thickness varies from 10 to 40 feet. So far £s observed this sandstone has not been quarried, and as a rule, its shaly character would prohibit its use for economic purposes.
Redstone Coal.
The Redstone Coal of H. D. Rogers, named from its outcrop along Redstone Creek in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, occurs generally throughout western Barbour and northern Upshur where the Monongahela Series crops, being usually free from slate or shale partings and varying in thickness from 4 to 6 feet, and coming about 40 feet above the Pittsburgh Coal. Its outcrop is shown on Maps II and IV and in Chapter XI a detailed account with mine sections and chemical analyses will be given.
Weston Sandstone.
The Weston Sandstone of the writerS named from its occurrence at Weston, Lewis County, and coming between the Redstone Coal and Redstone Limestone, was seldom noted in Barbour and Upshur, its horizon being usually occupied by sandy shale. In the sections for Upshur County, published in Chapter IV, its presence was recorded in those for Groundhog Hollow, Pecks Run, and Charity Fork, where its thickness varies from 20 to 50 feet, and its character is shaly. So far as observed, it has not been quarried in either county, and, owing to its poor development, its use for building material would not be advisable.
Redstone Limestone.
The Redstone Limestone of J. J. Stevenson, named from its relationship to the Redstone Coal, and, belonging between the Weston Sandstone and Pittsburgh Coal, was frequently noted in both Barbour and Upshur. It is usually hard and
"Lewis and GUmer Report. W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 124-126; 1916.
iga STRATIGRAPHY IHE MONOKGAHELA SERIES.
firm, gray on fresh fracture, but weathering to a characteristic yellow color, aad varies in thickness from 2 to 6 feet, the average being about 4 feet. Like other limestones of the Monongahela Series, it contains fresh-water fossils of microscopic size. Because of its position about midway between the Redstone and Pittsburgh Coals, it is a most important stratigraphic horizon, as it often serves to identify one of these-beds at points where one or the other is concealed by soil or debris, there being no other limestone of similar character in the immediate interval above or below it.
In the sections for Barbour, published in Chapter IV, the limestone is noted in that for Pigtail Run, 4 feet thick; Berryburg, 2 feet thick; Stewart Run (North Branch), 38 feet thick; and in Upshur, it is recorded in that for Bear Knob, 2 feet thick; Ruraldale, 2 feet; and Pecks Run, 4 feet thick. The following exposure was noted by Teets in Union District, Barbour, on the north side of Gnatty Creek, 1.3 miles southeast of Peeltree, on the land of Frank Maxwell :
Feet.
Coal, Redstone 6
Sbale and elate IE
Concealed 1!
Coal, Pittsburgh 6
A sample of this limestone was collected, the analysis of which is reported by Krak as follows :
Percent,
Ferric Iron (Fe,0,) and Alumina ( A1,U>) 3 . 23
LosB on Ignition 0.2S
Total 98.61
Two Other exposures of the limestone were noted by Teets in the same locality, one of them being 2.3 miles east of Peeltree, near the forks of the Gnatty Creek road, where it was 5 feet thick, at an elevation of 1292' B., and the other being on the Lee Morrison property at the head of Cranes Fork, l.S
West Virginia Geological Survey. I99
for agricultural purposes and was reported 5 to 6 feet thick, at an elevation of about 1315' B.
In Upshur County, the Redstone Limestone was observed by Teets on the Lloyd Tcter farm, just east of Pecks Run village, where it was 4 feet thick .and had an elevation of B. A sample collected at this point showed the following analysis, according to Krak :
Per cent
Loss on Ignition 1 .40
According to Teets, also, the limestone was formerly burned for agricultural purposes by Anthony and Bird Casto on the A. Karickhoff farm, the quarry being located 0.3 mile south of Pecks Run, at an elevation of lAAff B., and 17 feet below the Redstone Coal.
Another exposure was noted by Teets along the same branch of Pecks Run, in the public road, 0.7 mile south of the village, where he secured the following section :
Feet.
Shale, sandy
Limestone, biuish-gray, massive, Redstone (1470' B.) . . 3
Coal, Pittsburgh 5
In the public road at the head of Mudlick Run, 3 miles northwest of Buckhannon, the writer noted the limestone 2 feet thick, at an elevation of 1485' B., being 25 feet below the blossom of the Redstone Coal. Another exposure noted by the writer was on the Isaac S. Reger farm on Hackers Creek, 2.3 miles west of Ruraldale, where the limestone was 3 feet thick, gray on fresh fracture, but weathering yellow, and containing microscopic Spirorbis fossils, and being at an elevation of 1225' B., 15 feet, by hand-level, above the blossom of the Pittsburgh Coal.
200 Stratigraphy — The Monongahela Series.
Pittsburgh Coal.
The Pittsburgh Coal, first named and described by J. P. Lesley in 1856 at the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and belonging at the base of the Monongahela Series, occurs generally iji western Barbour and northeastern Upshur, varying from 5 to 9 feet in thickness. A few small deposits of a few acres each are also found in eastern Barbour along the axis of the Belington Syncline, where it reaches a thickness of 10 feet or more. In Upshur the coal thins rapidly westward until it is not of minable thickness along the Lewis County Line. In western Barbour, where the coal has its best development in the territory of this Report, the following type section is
found :
Ft. In.
Draw slate
Coal, good 4' 6"
Coal, hard, bony, 0' 4" to 0 6
Coal, good, to pavement 4 0 9 0
The bony coal, coming at the middle of the seam, represents the three streaks of bone usually found along the Monongahela River, only two being found in the same coal in southern Taylor next to Barbour. The slaty and sulphurous roof coal of the Monongahela Valley has almost entirely disappeared in Barbour, making the coal of minable purity clear to the draw slate, but the upper foot of the coal is often left in place to prevent the disintegration of the soft roof shales.
The outcrop of the coal, in those regions where it is of minable thickness, is shown on Maps II and IV. In western Upshur where it has little or no thickness, it is not shown as a coal outcrop, but its position may be readily found on the maps by the base of the Monongahela Series, with which it coincides. This coal has also been used as the basis of the green structure contours shown on Maps II and IV, and from these its approximate elevation at any point is available.
In Chapter XI, the thickness, chemical quality, and distribution, together with numerous detailed sections of mines examined, and an estimate of tonnage, will be given under the subject of "Coal."
Chapter Vi.
Stratigraphy— The Conemaugh Series.
General Description And Section.
The Conemaugh Series of the Pennsylvanian Rocks, first named by Franklin Piatt, in 1878, from its outcrop along the Conemaugh River in Pennsylvania, includes a large portion of the surface rocks of both Barbour and Upshur, as its area! limits on Maps IT and IV will show. The series has been described thoroughly by White in a former volume of the Survey and in Barbour and Upshur differs but little from that description in its general features. It consists of numerous gray or brown sandstone beds, varying from 10 to SO feet in thickness, usually separated by red or sandy shales and a few impure fire clays, and has several coal seams, of which two have minable thickness in some localities. An interesting feature of the series is the presence of three fossiliferous marine limestone horizons, one of which, the Ames, is the most recent in the State that is known to contain them. Its limestones are not important commercially, all of them being thin and most of them impure, only a few of them being of possible local use for concrete or agricultural purposes. The thickness of the Conemaugh varies from 550 to 650 feet. The following general section, compiled from numerous detailed sections in Chapter IV, as well as from many local observations, shows the characteristic features of the series in Barbour and Upshur :
*I. C. White, Vol. 11, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 225-230; 1903.
!02 Stratigraphy — The Conemaugh Sebies.
Genera! Section of the Conemaugh Series of Barbour and Upshur.
TUckness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Mre clar and shale 6 6
Sandstone, massive, Lowar Plttabur S6 40
Shale, gray 4 44
Coal, Little Pittsburgh 1 4S 4G'
Sbale, variegated and sandy 28 73
Sandstone, massive, gray or brovn. Con.
Coal, Little Clarksburg 2 126 SO
Fire clay shale, Clarksburg E 130
Limestone, gray, lentlcnlar, Clarksburg 2 132
Shale, red, Ciarkaburo, upper portion 27 1E9
Sandstone, massive, gray or brown, often
pebbly. Lower ConneElsvilte 40 199
Coal, Normantown 1 200 75'
Shale, red, Clarksburg, lover portion 33 223
Sandstone, massive or flaggy, gray or brown.
Morgantown 30 263
Shale, sandy 6 268
Limestone, shaly, lenticular, with fresh-water
fossils, Orlando 2 SSO
Coal, Elk Lick, 2' 0" to 6 266 66'
Fire clay and shale 3 268
Umestone, gray, lenticular. Elk Lick 2 270
Coal, lenticular, West Mllford, 0' to 1 271 8'
Shale, sandy and red, Birmingham 10 281
Sandstone, brown, massive, often pebbly.
Grafton 30 311
Limestone, dark, shaly, lenticular, with marine fouils. Upper Ame* 1 312
Shale, dark-green, with marine fossils, Amos 10 322 Limestone, dark, shaly, lenticular, with marine fossils, Lower Amss 1 323
Coal, Hariem 2 32E 64'
Shale, yellow 10 336
Shale, red, Pittsburgh Reds, upper portion. . 10 346
Sandstone, shaly, lenticular. Jans Law 15 360
Shale, red and variegated, Pittsburgh Reds. 32 392 Sandstone, massive, brown, often pebbly,
Saitaburg 30 422
Coal. Bakarstown 3 425 100'
Shale, gray and variegated 84 459
Limeatons, lenticular, aometlmes containing
marine foSsMs, Pine Creek 1 460
Shale, aandy 6 466
Sandstone, massive, gray, often pebbly, Buffalo 50 615
Limestone, dark, with marina fossils, Brush
Creek 1 616
Shale, dark, with marine fossils, Brush Creek 8 524
Coal, Brush Creek 1 526 100
Shale, gray 9 634
West Virginia Geological Survey. 203
Thicknees. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, massive, gray, often pebbly, Upper Mahoning 30 564
Coal, not persistent, Mahoning, 0'' to 1 565
Fire clay, lenticular, Thornton, 0" 10 5 570
Sandstone, massive, gray, often pebbly,
Lower Mahoning 45 615
Shale, dark, sandy, with plant fossils, Ufflngton
5 620
Series . . 95'
The section, as given above, shows a total thickness slightly less than the maximum, but somewhat greater than the average for the two counties, since many of the members are lenticular, being absent in some localities. Numerous measured sections, giving detailed exposures in diflferent places, are published in Chapter IV.
Description Of Members.
Lower Pittsburgh Sandstone.
The Lower Pittsburgh Sandstone of White, usually separated by a thin bed of shale from the overlying Pittsburgh Coal, is often present in the measures but lacks the conspicuous cliff-forming character that it often has in some of the neighboring counties, being frequently shaly or represented by sandy shale. At its best development in the two counties, it is usually massive, gray, medium-grained, and only mediumhard, varying in thickness from 15 to 50 feet. It was noted by Teets in the railroad cut at Berryburg, Barbour, where it was 20 feet thick, and massive, at an elevation of 1380' B. In the sections for Barbour, published in Chapter IV, it is coarse, gray, and 45 feet thick at Colebank; 22 feet thick at Danville; 35 feet at Flora; and in Upshur, it is 15 feet at Big Run; 20 feet at Groundhog Hollow; 20 feet at Right Branch of Gnatty Creek; and 47 feet thick and shaly at Buckhannon. No quarries were observed on this ledge in either county and its use for building purposes would not be advisable except possibly for bridge abutments, cellars, or other rough masonry
I. C. White, Vol. n, W. Va. -Geol. Survey, p: 244; 1908.
204 Stratigraphy — The Conemaugu Series.
at points where more durable stone could not readily be secured.
Little Pittsburgh Coal.
The Little Pittsburgh Coal of White belonging 40 to 50 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, was noted at a few points in Barbour but not at all in Upshur. In the former county tt is everywhere too thin for commercial mining and it has been disregarded entirely for local fuel because the Redstone and Pittsburgh both occur in the region where it is found.
At Coal Exposure No. 180 on Map II, located on West Branch of Simpson Creek, 1.8 miles south of Astor, Teets noted 1 foot of Little Pittsburgh Coal, as given in the section for Astor, page 81.
The following outcrop was observed by Teets in the same vicinity:
Coal Exposure— No. 181 on Map II.
On Simpson Creek, 1.6 mtlea soutbeaat of Astor; Littlo PIttiburgh Coal; elevation, 1190' B.
FL In.
Slate 1 0
Coal 1 6
Slate
On Camp Run of Simpson Creek, 2 miles northwest of Berryburg, Teets noted 2 feet of Little Pittsburgh Coal, at Exposure No. 182 on Map II, coming at an elevation of 1210' B., and 40 feet below an opening in the Pittsburgh Coal.
At Exposure No. 183 on Map II, along the hill road just south of Berryburg, Teets noted 1' 1" of slaty coal, at an elevation of 1420* B.
A few outcrops of the Little Pittsburgh Coal were noted by Teets in Elk District. At Exposure No. 184 on Map II, on Stewart Run, 1,5 miles southwest of Berryburg, the coal was 1' 11" thick, at an elevation of 1325' B., but was impure and slaty, as noted in the section for Stewart Run (Northern Branch), published on page 88.
1. C. White, Vol. II. W. Va- OeoL Survey, p. 246; 1903.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 205
Connellsville Sandstone.
The Connellsville Sandstone of J. J. Stevenson, named from its outcrop at Connellsville, Pennsylvania, is found generally throughout the region of Conemaugh outcrop in Barbour and Upshur, although it is not so well developed as in some other counties. It is usually or brown in color, massive and frequently conglomeratic, varying in thickness from 20 to 50 feet, and having its base 100 to 140 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal. As a quarry stone for general purposes it would probably prove more desirable than any of the sandstone horizons previously mentioned in the Monongahela or Conemaugh Series.
In the sections in Chapter IV, it is noted in Barbour at Pepper, 20 feet thick ; at Peeltree, 20 feet thick and massive ; at Colebank, 55 feet thick and pebbly; at Flora, 23 feet thick and brown in color; at Belington, 20 feet thick, brown and pebbly. In Upshur, it is noted at Bear Knob, 27 feet thick; at Big Run, 20 feet thick and massive ; at Groundhog Hollow, 25 feet thick ; at Buckhannon, 15 feet thick and massive ; and at Cutright Run, 50 feet thick and shaly.
The Thomas J. Famsworth quarry, located one-half mile
west of Buckhannon and one-fourth mile north of Jawbone
Rup, shows the following structure, as observed by Teets and
the writer :
Feet
Shale, brown, sandy 10
Sandstone, massive, brown, soft, Connellsville, visible... 10 Concealed
Here the stone is soft and friable, weathering badly on continued exposure. The quarry is 75 feet long and extends into the hill 15 feet. The stone was formerly used for general building purposes but the quarry has been abandoned.
Little Clarksburg Coal.
The Little Clarksburg Coal of White*, belonging just under the Connellsville Sandstone, and from 100 to 140 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, was observed frequently in Bar-
*I. C. Wbite, Bull. 66, XJ. S. Geol. Survey, p. 88; 1891.
206 Stratigraphy — The Conemaugh Series.
hour, and at a few points in Upshur but is not of commercial thickness and purity in either county. The following exposures noted by Teets will show its character in Barbour:
At Coal Exposure No. 185 on Map II, on West Branch of Simpson Creek, 1.7 miles southward from Astor, it was 1 foot thick, at an elevation of B.
At Coal Exposure No. 186 on Map II, on Simpson Creek, 1.8 miles southeast of Astor, it was (Y 9" thick, at an elevation of 1135' B.
At Coal Exposure No. 187 on Map II, on Brushy Fork of Elk, 1.1 miles west of Pepper, as shown by the section for the latter place, published on page 87, the coal was 2 feet thick.
At Coal Exposure No. 188 on Map II, on Stewart Run, 1.5 miles due east of Pepper, the blossom of the coal was 2' 6" thick in the county road, its elevation being 1235' B.
The following outcrop shows the relationship of the Little Clarksburg Coal with the two un'derlying members of the Series :
Coal Exposure — No. 189 on Map II.
On Stewart Run, 2.3 mUes Boutheast of Pepper; Little Clarksburg Coal; elevation, 1210' B.
Ft. Id.
Shale
Coal, Little Clarksburg 0 10
Fire clay, Clarksburg 2 0
Shale 1 2
Liimestone, hard, gray, Clarksburg 1 6
Coal Exposure — No. 190 on Map II.
On a branch of Elk Greek, 1 mile northwest of Elk City; Little Clarksburg Coal; elevation, 1365' B.
Ft In.
Slate
Coal, crop, Little Clarksburg 2 0
Shale, slaty, Clarksburg 2 0
Limestone, impure, Clarksburg 0 6
STKATU'iRAPHY— THE CONEMAUGH SERIES.
Coal Exposure — No. 197 on Map II.
Uin of Ondtty Creek. 1.8 miles southeast of Peeltree; tUtle Clrktbur Coal; elevaUon, 1090' B.
FL In.
CaU UttU Clarktbur9 2 0
At Coal Exposure No. 198 on Map II on Left Branch of natlv Orw'k. 2 milos northeast of Centurv, the Little Clarksbux i; i feet thick, as shown by the Century Section,
Coal Expoaute— No. 199 on Map IL
CmI £9;|kOiire— No 2C on Map IL
208 Stratigraphy — The Conemaugh Series.
Coal Exposure — No. 197 on Map II.
On Left Fork of Gnatty Creek, 1.8 miles southeast of Peeltree; Little Clarksburg Coal; elevation, 1090' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, Connelltvllle 16 0
Shale 7 0
Coal, Little Clarksburg 2 0
Limestone, Clarksburg 2 0
At Coal Exposure No. 198 on Map II, on Left Branch of Gnatty Creek, 2 miles northeast of Century, the Little Clarksburg Coal is 2 feet thick, as shown by the Century Section, on page 92.
Coal Exposure — No. 199 on Map II.
On Wash Run, 1.9 miles north of Volga; Little Clarksburg Coal; elevation, 1515' B.
Ft In.
Slate, full of plant fossils
Coal 1 1
Slate
Coal Exposure — No. 200 on Map II.
On Rock Run of Pecks Run, 1.2 miles west of Volga; Little Clarksburg Coal; elevation, 1470' B.
Ft In.
Shale, sandy 6 0
Slate, gray 2 0
Coal 0' 5"
Shale, slaty 4 0
Coal 0 2 4 7
Fire clay, Clarksburg 3 0
In the Belington Syncline in eastern Barbour, very few exposures of the Little Clarksburg Coal were noted. In the Colebank Section, published on page 101, its presence is indicated by a blossom, and at the Alfred Moore Opening, No. 201 on Map II, located on the ridge 1.5 miles north of Belington, the coal has once been worked, as shown by the Belington Section on page 112, but the opening had fallen shut when visited by the writer and its thickness was not obtained.
In Upshur the Little Clarksburg Coal has almost entirely disappeared from the measures, only the following exposure being noted by Teets :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 209
Coal Exposure — No. 202 on Map IV.
On Hackers Creek, 0.5 mile east of Ruraldale; Little Clarksburg Coal; elevation, 1180' B.
Ft In.
Fire clay shale, roof
Coal 0' 1"
Slate 0 2
Coal 0 3
Slate 0 2
Coal 0 4 1 0
Slate, floor
Clarksburg Fire Clay Shale.
The Clarksburg Fire Clay Shale of Hennen', lying just under the Little Clarksburg Coal, is usually too thin for commercial exploitation. In the preceding discussion of the Little Clarksburg Coal, its presence is noted at Coal Exposures Nos. 189, 190, 195, and 200, varying in thickness from 2 to 3 feet and usually separating the coal from the Clarksburg Limestone. In the section for Belington, published on page 112, this fire clay is shown to be 6 feet thick and flinty, this latter condition being most unusual in the Conemaugh Series. A sample was collected here by the writer on the land of Burton Rohrbaugh, 1 mile northwest of Belington, the analysis of which is as follows, according to Messrs. Hite and Krak :
Per cent.
Moisture 4.78
Loss on ignition 9 . 83
Total 100.49
Another exposure of this fire clay was noted by the Writer on the land of T. Benton Teter, on the top of the ridge
Ray V. Hennen, Doddridge-Harrison Rept.. W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 236; 1912.
2Io Stratigraphy — The Conemaugh Series.
east of Wolf Run, and 1.9 miles northward from Belington, where it was 10 feet thick, and flinty, coming 110 feet, by aneroid, above an abandoned opening in the Elk Lick Coal. The flint/ condition of the clay was not observed elsewhere outside of this immediate vicinity. The two exposures noted were in the same ridge but more than a mile apart, and it is possible that prospecting between these two points would develop a valuable brick horizon, as the clay could easily be mined and conducted by gravity down the hill to the railroad at Belington.
Clarksburg Limestone.
The Clarksburg Limestone of White', coming just under the Clarksburg Fire Clay Shale, and only a few feet below the Clarksburg Coal, is frequently found in Barbour and Upshur, but lacks much of its typical development as shown at Clarksburg. It is usually not more than two feet thick, and is often shaly but sometimes gray and hard, being of better appearance in western Barbour than in any other locality of the two counties. In the sections of Chapter IV, its presence is noted at Overfield, 3 feet thick ; at Pepper, 2 feet thick ; at Century, 2 feet thick ; at Colebank, 0' 6" thick and shaly ; and at Buckhannon, 0' 6" thick. In the preceding discussion of the Little Clarksburg Coal, its thickness and character are shown at Coal Exposures Nos. 189, 190, 195, 196, and 197.
An exposure of this limestone was observed by Teets on Beechlick Run of Elk, 2.3 miles west of Elk City, where it formed a hard, blue, massive ledge, 4 feet thick, at an elevation of 1170' B., being just under the Little Clarksburg Coal.
A sample of the Clarksburg Limestone w-as collected by Teets in the public road through the Taylor Ward Farm on Gnatty Creek, 1.2 miles southeast of Peeltree, Union District, where the section published for Coal Exposure No. 195, on page 207, shows the limestone to be 3 feet thick. Mr. Ward has crushed lime from this exposure for agricultural purposes. The analysis of the sample is as follows, according to Messrs. Hite and Krak:
n. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 249; 1903.
212 Stratigraphy-7-The Conemaugh Series.
Stone all occur in descending sequence. It seems clear, therefore, that the thin limestone found by Hennen in the vicinity of Morgantown, below the Lower Connellsville Sandstone, did not represent the true Clarksburg, but is still an unclassified horizon* and that the general section of the Conemaugh, published on page 202 of this Chapter, shows the true relationship of these members.
Lower Connellsville Sandstone.
The Lower Connellsville Sandstone of Hennen, belonging below the Clarksburg Limestone, and having its base about 200 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, was observed frequently in both Barbour and Upshur, being usually greenishgray or brown in color, nearly always massive and sometimes pebbly. In Chapter IV, it is noted in Barbour in the sections for Elk City, Colebank, and Meadowville, and in Upshur it appears in those for Bear Knob, Groundhog Hollow, Ruraldale, and Cutright Run, varying in thickness from 10 to 35 feet
At the Benjamin Bassell Heirs quarry, located on the north side of Fink Run, 1.5 miles northwest of Buckhannon, and just northwest of the Upshur Fair Ground, the Lower Connellsville Sandstone was once quarried, but the place has been long since abandoned as sycamore trees of more than 1 foot diameter are growing in the old excavation. Here the stone is greenish-gray, medium-hard, fine-grained, micaceous, and massive, 10 feet of it being exposed, at an elevation of 1440 B. The quarry is 75 feet long and extends 30 feet into the hill. It was understood that this stone was used for macadam on the Parkersburg and Staunton Turnpike, which was built more than sixty years ago, but this report was not verified.
At the Academy Hill quarry, located at the southwest edge of Buckhannon, the stone has been quarried for concrete
The limestone above referred to has since been renamed by Hennen the Mona Limestone, as given in pages 191-192 of the Braxton and Clay Detailed County Report issued October 1, 1917. — I. C. W.
"Ray V. Hennen, Monongalia-Marion-Taylor Report, W. Va. Geo!. Survey, p. 277; 1913,
West Virginia Geological Survey. 213
aggregate, a section made here showing the following as observed by Teets and the writer:
Feet.
Soil from top of knob 5
Sandstone, brown, Lower Connelitville 15
Concealed
Here the stone is hard and micaceous, with some shaly streaks and numerous joint-and bedding-planes, the quarry being SO feet long and extending 60 feet into the hill.
Normantown Coal.
The Normantown Coal of the writer, occurring just under the Lower Connellsville Sandstone, was observed at a few points in both counties, but is not a persistent horizon in either county. In Barbour, it was noted by Teets on a branch of Pleasant Creek, 2.2 miles northeast of Berryburg, where its blossom occurs in the public road at an elevation of 1380' B. At Coal Exposure No. 203 on Map II, on the head of Taylor Drain, 0.8 mile north of Switzer, it was noted by Teets at an elevation of 1495' B., being 0' 6" thick. At Coal Exposure No. 204 on Map II, on the head of Beechlick Run of Elk, 1.4 miles northwest of Simons, it is recorded 1 foot thick, as shown by the Beech Lick Section, page 89.
The following exposure was reported by Teets :
Coal Exposure — No. 205 on Map II.
On Left Branch of Gnatty Creek, 1.7 miles northeast of Century; Normantown Coal; elevation, 1215' B.
Ft In.
Slate
Coal 1 3
Slate
In Upshur County the horizon of the Normantown Coal was noted by Teets along a private road 1.2 miles north of Buckhannon, where it is represented by 2 feet of dark shale, at an elevation of ISOC B.
Lewis-Gilmer Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 148; 1916.
214 Stratigraphy — The Conemaugh Series.
Clarksburg Red Shale.
The Clarksburg Red Shale of Hennen and the writer** occurs generally in Barbour and Upshur where its horizon is exposed. It is usually composed of two distinct bands of red shale, each of which is 25 to 40 feet thick, separated by the Lower Connellsville Sandstone. The section for Colebank, Cove District, Barbour, published on page 101, illustrates well the relationship of these formations, both bands of reds as well as the two Connellsville vSandstones being represented. In the section for Meadowville, Glade District, published on page 107, the upper streak of reds is 70 feet thick and the lower is 25 feet. In Chapter IV the reds are noted also in the section for Pepper, Elk District, and for Turkey Run, in Warren District, Upshur. There is a good exposure of the upper part of these reds in the Smith Cut on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, just south of Pecks Run Station, in Upshur, where the following section was made by Teets and the writer, the thicknesses being estimated in the steep sides of the cut:
Feet.
Shale, sandy 10
Sandstone, massive, gray, Connellsville 15
Sliale, red, with limestone nodules, Clarksburg Reds 25
Sandstone 2
Shale, red, with limestone 3
Shale, dark, carbonaceous streak
Shale, gray 2
These two bands of red shale, when not carrying too many limestone nodules, would make excellent material for brick either for building or paving purposes. The great economy with which they can be quarried and manufactured into brick at many convenient points in either county would probably warrant their use for general paving purposes, even though a standard test might not show as good results as could be obtained from high-gade fire bricks imported from other counties.
"Doddridge-Harrison Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 240; 1912.
Morgantown Sandstone.
The Morgantown Sandstone, of J. J. Stevenson, named from its occurrence at Morgantown, West Virginia, occurring just under the lower division of the Clarksburg Red Shale, and having its base about 250 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, can be found generally throughout Barbour and Upshur in the region of its Crop. It is usually greenish-gray on fresh fracture, but weathering to brown, massive and micaceous, varying in thickness from 10 to 30 feet, and sometimes having quartz pebbles. In western Barbour it was noted by Teets at Clemtown, 15 feet thick; on Cunningham Run, 20 feet thick and pebbly; at Pepper, 10 feet thick, making a cliff; on Stewart Run, 10 feet thick and massive ; at Overfield, 20 feet thick and forming a cliff; near Simons, 20 feet thick and massive. In eastern Barbour it was noted by the writer at Colebank, 25 feet thick and brown; at Meadowville, 25 feet thick and shaly; at Flora, 23 feet thick, brown and flaggy. In Upshur it was noted by the writer on Hackers Creek at the road fork just west of Ruraldale where it is 20 feet thick and massive; the Groundhog Hollow Section of Chapter IV records it IS feet thick; it is reported by Teets 30 feet thick and massive near the Macedonia Church and in the region of Fishingcamp Station ; it is also prominent along the railroad cuts between Fishing Camp and the Smith Cut, directly overlying the Elk Lick Coal ; and it is recorded in the section for Cutright Run, 16 feet thick.
No quarries were observed on this ledge in either county but in many of the localities noted above it could be used for rough masonry construction or for concrete aggregate, but its use for ornamental purposes would not prove satisfactory.
Orlando Limestone.
The Orlando Limestone of the writerS lying between the Morgantown Sandstone and Elk Lick Coal, and being usually shaly and varying in thickness from 2 to 4 feet, was observed at several points, mostly in Upshur. A few freshwater fossil
"Lewis and Gilmer Report. W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 147; 1916.
2l6 STRATIGRAPHY — THE CONEMAUGH SERIES.
forms were noticed in a few localities, fish teeth and Naiadites elongata being predominant. In Barbour this limestone was observed by Teets in Elk District, along a branch of Elk Creek, 1 mile northwest of Elk City, where it is shaly and nodular, at an elevation of 1225' B. In Upshur several exposures of this limestone were found by the writer in the neighborhood of Buckhannon and in the region southwestward toward Lewis. The following exposure was observed in the public road at the head of Fall Run of Spruce, 0.4 mile southwest of Atlas :
Feet.
Sandstone, gray, Morgantown
Shale, variegated 15
Limestone, dark, containing fish teeth (1370' B.)
Shale, gray 1
Slate, dark, streak
Shale, gray 2
Limestone, dark, hard 1
Concealed and variegated shale 40
At another point 0.3 mile northwest of the point just mentioned, the limestone was observed on the land of Marcellus Reger, being 4 feet thick and brecciated, having an elevation of 1355' B., and coming 35 feet above an opening in the Elk Lick Coal.
The following exposure was observed in the public road on a branch of Glady Fork, 1.2 miles due south of Atlas :
Feet
Sandstone
Shale, sandy 10
Limestone, hard, gray, Orlando 2
Coal, iV 6"), Elk Lick (1445' B.) (Exposure No. 240 on
Shale, sandy 10
Sandstone, massive, Grafton
The following exposure was noted in the Leonard Cut
along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1.4 miles northeast
of Buckhannon :
Feet.
Sandstone, massive, Morgantown 10
Shale, gray, limy 15
Limestone, shaly, with some Iron sulphide Orlando 5
Shale, gray, limy, to grade 15
West Virginia Geological Survey. 2I7
In Banks District the limestone was observed on the head of Whites Camp, 0.8 mile eastward from Boyd, where it was 2 feet thick and brecciated, at an elevation of ISOC B.
The Orlando Limestone is of value chiefly as a soilmaker, being usually too shaly for agricultural purposes or for road material.
Elk Lick Coal.
The Elk Lick Coal of the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, belonging a short distance under the Morgantown Sandstone and immediately under the Orlando Limestone, and about 265 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, is represented fairly well in both counties and has been mined commercially. Its outcrop in these regions where it is of possible minable thickness, is shown on Maps II and IV, and its distribution, chemical character, together with detailed bed-sections, will be discussed fully in Chapter XI.
Elk Lick Limestone.
The Elk Lick Limestone of Messrs. Platt*, occurring a few feet below the Elk Lick Coal, was found at some localities in the two counties, but is not of general occurrence. Its usual appearance is gT2Ly and hard and it contains fresh-water fossils of microscopic size, and the thickness varies from 1 to 6 feet. In Barbour several exposures of the lime were noted by Teets. At Overfield, Elk District, it crops in the public road at an elevation of lOW B., being 2' 6" thick, and has been burned iFor agricultural purposes by J. C. Benson. The following section was noted on Stewart Run of Elk, 1.8 miles
northwest of Elk City :
Feet
Shale, sandy
Limestone, hard, impure, Elk lick (108O' B.) 6
Shale, red, limy 10
A sample was collected here for analysis the composition of which is reported as follows by Messrs. Hite and Krak :
"Report HHH, Second Geol. Survey of Penna.
2l8 STRATIGRAPHY — THE CONEMAUGH SERIES.
Per cent.
Loss on Ignition 0 . 68
Total 99 08
One-half mile farther up Stewart Run dnd 2 miles northwest of Elk City, the limestone was found again, at an eleva tion of 108CK B., being 2 feet thick.
In Upshur, the limestone was noted along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad grade 0.2 mile northwest of Fishing Camp Station, where it was shaly and coming 10 feet below the Elk Lick Coal. It was also observed by Teets along the Biickhannon River, 0.2 mile northwest of Post Mills, where it was found to be 0' 11" thick, impure and nodular, on the Isaac Post Heirs farm, coming IS feet below an opening in the Elk Lick Coal, and having an elevation of 1440 B.
West Milford Coal.
The West Milford Coal of Hennen*', coming immediately under the Elk Lick Limestone, was observed at a few localities but is not a persistent horizon. At Coal Exposure No. 251 on Map II, on Elk Creek, 1.3 miles northwest of Elk City, it appears in the road, at an elevation of lOW B., being 0' 6" thick. Its blossom was also observed by the writer in Cove District, Barbour, in the public road, 1.4 miles northeast of Cove Run Station, at an elevation of 1730' B., being 20 feet below the Elk Lick Coal. It may be disregarded entirely as an economic horizon.
Birmingham Shale.
The Birmingham Shale of. Stevenson**, consisting of red, sandy, and variegated shales, and belonging between the West Milford Coal and the Grafton Sandstone, and often being
'Ray V. Hennen, Doddridge-Harrison Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 246; 1912.
"J. J. Stevenson, Report K, Sec. Geol. Survey of Penna., pp. 79 and 309-310.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 219
largely replaced by the latter horizon, may be noted at frequent points where its horizon outcrops, but as it has little scientific or economic importance it deserves no discussion.
Grafton Sandstone.
The Grafton Sandstone of White°, named from its occurrence at Grafton, West Virginia, and usually having its base about 310 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, was frequently observed in both counties. It is usually hard, massive, and brown, often carrying quartz pebbles, but at many points it is shaly and soft. Lithologically, it bears a strong resemblance to the Saltsburg Sandstone, belonging about 100 feet lower in the measures, and presents much the same appearance when used for structural purposes. In Chapter IV it is noted in the Barbour sections for Elk City, massive, buff, and 33 feet thick; at Colebank, 24 feet thick and shaly; at Nestorville, 30 feet thick, hard and brown; and at Moatsville, 25 thick, brown and pebbly. It was noted by Teets at several points west of the Tygart Valley in Barbour, being 20 feet thick and flaggy in the public road 2.2 miles northeast of Berryburg, on the waters of Pleasant Creek, where its elevation was 1315' B. Near the head of Rockcamp Run, one-half mile west of Clemtown, it makes a massive cliff at an elevation of 1745' B., and one mile northeast of Clemtown, it is 10 feet thick and massive, at an elevation of 1830' B. One mile northwest of Foxhall, it is visible in the public road, being massive, medium-coarse, 20 feet thick, and having an elevation of 1545' B. One mile northeast of Moatsville, on the east side of the Tygart Valley, it was observed in the public road, making a massive cliff rock, at an elevation of 1670' B.
In Upshur the Grafton Sandstone is prominent in the neighborhood of the Macedonia Church and School, about onehalf mile northeast of Fishing Camp Station, Warren District, where, according to Teets, it has been quarried for chimneys and cellars, being massive and pebbly and coming a short distance below the Elk Lick Coal. At the spring in Hart Grove at the southwest edge of Buckhannon, it was identified
/
ift
I. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 255 ; 1 903.
220 Stratigraphy — The Conemaugh Series.
by Teets and the writer, being massive and pebbly, and having an elevation of 1460 B. At Rocky Ford, on Glady Creek, it forms the floor of the creek and road, the elevation of its top being 1405' L., and on the head of Cutright Run, 1.1 miles northwest of Hinkleville, it was noted at an elevation of B., being 60 feet below the Elk Lick Coal, massive and 20 feet thick.
At the D. D. T. Farnsworth Heirs quarry, at the east end of Buckhannon and immediately east of Farnsworth millrace, the following exposure was noted :
Feet.
Sandstone, massive, gray, Grafton 15
Slate, dark, Harlem Coal horizon (1425' B.) 0%
Fire clay shale, gray 5
Concealed to river 17
'Here the stone is gray on fresh fracture, but weathering to brown, and presents an irregular, broken appearance, having been quarried many years ago, presumably for the foundation of the mill and the bridge abutments near by. The quarry is about 100 feet long and extends into the hill IS feet.
Northeast of the last-named locality, the sandstone makes a bluff at several points on the east side of the Buckhannon River, the following hand-level measurement being made a short distance south of the Leonard Cut:
Feet.
Coal opening, abandoned. Elk Lick (1495' B.)
Shale, yellow, and concealed 17
Sandstone, massive, brown, Grafton 34
Concealed 15
Shale, green, partly concealed, Ames 10
Coal, Harlem, (1' 0" visible) (1418' B.) (Exposure No. 273
Shale, gray, partly concealed, to Buckhannon River 25
In Banks District, the Grafton Sandstone was observed on the head of Whites Camp, 0.9 mile east of Boyd, where it is massive and 25 feet thick, coming 6 feet above a dark shah that represents the Harlem Coal, the elevation of the latter being 1435' B.
In both counties the Grafton Sandstone should furnish a good quality of building stone for general purposes. It is easily worked and durable, and its brown texture, giving a
West Virginia Geological Survey. 221
pleasing appearance, makes it suitable for architectural purposes.
Ames Limestone And Shale.
The Ames Limestone, first named and described by Andrews of the Ohio Geological Survey, and later subdivided by Hcnnen into the Upper Ames Limestone, Ames Shale and Lower Ames Limestone, all of which carry marine fossil shells in West Virginia, occurs frequently in both Barbour and Upshur. In these counties the group does not preserve the typical development of Harrison and other northern counties but usually consists of green fossiliferous shale with occasional nuggets of lime at the top or bottom, the thickness of the entire deposit varying from 5 to 20 feet. Except as a soilmaker the group has no economic importance, but its position in the measures, being about 325 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, and about 300 feet above the Upper Freeport, coupled with its characteristic green color and abundant fossil fauna make it an exceptionally important member for stratigraphic work.
In Barbour the Ames crops in a long narrow belt west of the Tygart Valley River, starting with the Upshur Line and extending northeastward to the neighborhood of Clemtown and Cove Run where the rapid general northward dip of the measures flattens out the structure so that the Ames may be found at numerous points eastward across the Tygart Valley until in the Belington Syncline in the eastern part of the county its crop becomes general and extends southward to Belington. In Upshur the crop of the Ames extends southwestward from Volga through Buckhannon and Frenchton to the Lewis County Line, the belt that contains it being three or four miles wide.
Numerous sections, showing the Ames, will be given along with the description of the Harlem Coal.
"Ray V. Hennen, Doddridge-Harrison Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 250; 1912.
22/2 Stratigraphy — The Conemaugh Series.
Harlem Coal.
The Harlem Coal of Newberry', belonging just under the Ames Limestone and Shale, and about 325 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, is a persistent seam, the region of its outcrop being identical with that of the Ames Limestone outlined above. It is too thin for commercial mining, but has often been dug out for local fuel at points favorable for stripping, the thickness varying from 1 to 2 feet of clean coal free from slate partings. Its outcrop is not shown on Maps II and IV, but it lies about 60 feet below the Elk Lick and about 100 feet above the Bakerstown Coal, the outcrops of both of which are shown on the maps, so that its position may be readily interpolated at any point.
In Pleasant District, Barbour, the coal was noted by Teets at several points. At Coal Exposure No. 252 on Map II, on Pleasant Creek at the cross roads 2.8 miles northward from Berryburg, it was V 0" thick, having an elevation of 1168' L. At Coal Exposure No. 253 on Map II, on the head of Cunningham Run, just southeast of Clemtown, the coal was 1' 3" thick, at an elevation of 1745' B. The following exposure shows its relation to the Ames Shale :
Coal Exposure — No. 254 on Map II.
On a branch of Foxgrape Run at Switzer; Harlem Coal; elevation,
Ft. In.
, Shale, greenish-red, with marine fossils, Ames
Coal, Harlem 1 9
Shale
At Coal Exposure No. 255 on Map II, in Union District, on the head of Elk Creek, 1.6 miles northwest of Malta, the coal is 1' 1" thick, as observed by Teets, coming just below the fossiliferous Ames Shale, at an elevation of 1425' B. The three following exposures were noted by the writer in the same region:
It
J. S. Newberry, Bull. Geol. Soc. of America, Vol. 17, p. 166; 1906
West Virginia Geological Survey. 223
Coal Exposure — No. 256 on Map II.
On the ridge, 1.1 miles west of Malta; Hariem Coal; elevation, 1570' B.
Pt. In.
Shale, green, fosslliferous, Ames
Coal, Harlem 1 0
Shale, red and variegated, Pittsburgh
Coal Exposure — No. 257 on Map II.
In the public road, 1.2 miles northeast of Volga; Harlem Coal; elevation, 1525' B.
Pt. In.
Shale, green, Ames
Limestone, hard, fossUlferous, Lower Ames 0 6
Coal, Harlem 1 6
Shale, variegated, Pittsburgh
Coal Exposure — No. 258 on Map II.
On Wash Run, 0.6 mile north of Volga; Harlem Coal; elevation, 1435' B.
Pt. In.
Shale, green, fossiliferous, Ames 15 0
Coal, Harlem 1 6
Shale, variegated, Pittsburgh
At Coal Exposure No. 259 on Map II, on Wash Run, 1.1 miles north of Volga, Teets observed 1' 6" of coal, at an elevation of 1445' B., coming under the fossiliferous Ames Shale.
At the Clinton Reger Opening (No. 260 on Map II), on a branch of Big Run, 0.5 mile west oiF Volga, the coal was once stripped for local use, at an elevation of B., but the place had fallen shut when visited by Teets.
At Coal Exposure No. 261 on Map II, in the public road 0.5 mile south of Volga, the coal was 1' 5" thick, at an elevation of 1515' B., as noted by Teets, coming just below the fossiliferous Ames Shale.
At Coal Exposure No. 262 on Map II, in the public road, 0.7 mile south of Volga, a measurement made by Teets showed 1' 7" of coal, at an elevation of 1570 B.
In Cove District the Harlem Coal was observed by the writer at numerous points. At Coal Exposure No. 263 on Map II, on Oldroad Run, 2.1 miles south of Dent, the coal had
224 . Stratigraphy — The Conemaugh Series.
once been mined along the public road, at an elevation of B., coming just under the fossiliferous Ames Shale, but the place had fallen shut and its thickness was not obtained.
At Coal Exposure No. 264 on Map II, on Sandy Creek, 0.8 mile west of Colebank, the Harlem had once been mined, as shown by the Section for Colebank, page 101, but the place had fallen shut.
At Coal Exposure No. 265 on Map II, on Big Cove Run, 1.4 miles southwest of Colebank, the coal was 1 foot thick, at an elevation of 1540' B.
In the Danville Section, published on page 104, the coal is represented by a blossom, and at Coal Exposure No. 266 on Map II, at the head of Stony Run, 1.1 miles northeast of Cove Run Station, it was 1 foot thick, at an elevation of 1645' B.. coming just under the fossiliferous Ames Shale.
In the Nestorville Section, published on page 104, the blossom of the coal shows in the public road, and at the N. C. Poling Opening (No. 267 on Map II), 1.3 miles eastward from Kalamazoo, it was reported 1' 6" thick, coming just under the fossiliferous Ames Shale, at an elevation of 1725' B. In the Belington Section, published on page 112, it is represented by a blossom.
In Upshur the Harlem Coal has much the same appearance and thickness as in Barbour. At Coal Exposure No. 268 on Map IV, in the public road on Pecks Run 0.3 mile east of Teter Station, it was observed at an elevation of 1435' B., being about 1 foot thick and coming just below the fossiliferous Ames Shale.
At Coal Exposure No. 269 on Map IV, in the public road, 0.7 mile southward from Teter Station, Teets found it to be 1' 1" thick, coming at an elevation of 1490' B.
The following exposure was noted along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad grade:
West Virginia Geological Survey. 225
Coal Exposure — No. 270 on Map IV.
On a branch of the Buckhannon River, 0.3 mile south of Flshlngcamp Station; Harlem Coal; elevation, 1435' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone fragments, Grafton
Shale, dark-green, with limestone nodules, Ames 10 0
Limestone, dark, shaly, with marine fossils,
mostly brachtopoda, Lower Ames 1 0
Slate, black 0 6
Coal 0' 10"
Slate, dark 0 2
Coal 1 4 2 4
Shale, gray, to grade
At Coal Exposure No. 271 on Map IV, in the public road at Post Mill Station, the coal was observed at an elevation of 1423' L., being 1 foot thick.
At Coal Exposure No. 272 on Map IV, in Union District, 0.7 mile northwest of Hinkle, Teets observed 2 feet of Harlem Coal in the public road, at an elevation of 1765' B.
At Coal Exposure No. 273 on Map IV, on the Buckhannon River just south of the Leonard Cut and about 1.3 miles northeast of Buckhannon, the Harlem Coal was found to be 1' 0" thick, coming just below the Ames Shale, as shown in a section given on page 220 under the description of the Grafton Sandstone.
In Meade District at the village of Abbott, Mrs. E. A. Cutright reports that a seam of coal 4 feet thick was found in a well on her property, the same now being owned by J. J. Green. This coal would have an elevation of 1480' B., and would represent the Harlem, although its thickness has probably been exaggerated by the drillers.
The following exposure was noted in the same locality:
Coal Exposure— No. 274 on Map IV.
On Pringle Pork of Stonecoal Creek, 0.6 mile northwest of Abbott; Harlem Coal; elevation, 1440' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy
Coat, slaty, Harlem 2 0
Shale, gray 25 0
Sandstone, massive, Jane Lew 10 0
Shale, variegated and limy, Pittsburgh Reds
226 Stratigraphy — The Conemaugh Series.
Jane Lew Sandstone.
The Jane Lew Sandstone of the writer*, separated from the Harlem Coal by only a few feet of shale, was found at a few localities, although it is not generally present. It is usually shaly, but sometimes develops into a hard, massive cliff, varying from 10 to 25 feet in thickness. In Barbour it has its greatest thickness at Belington, where, as published in the Belington Section, page 112, it forms a cliff, 28 feet thick, and separated from the Harlem Coal by 17 feet of red shale, that represents the upper portion of the Pittsburgh Reds, and being 25 feet above the top of the Saltsburg Sandstone.*
In Upshur the sandstone was observed at several points in Buckhannon and Meade Districts. On the lefthand branch of Lick Run, 1.3 miles eastward from Rocky Ford, it appears in the road, being 10 feet thick, at an elevation of 1455' B. On the head of Cutright Run, 1.1 miles northwest of Hinkleville, it was 10 feet thick, at an elevation of 1550', being 100 feet below the Elk Lick Coal. On the head of Pringle Fork of Stonecoal, northwest of Abbott, it makes a cliff, about 10 feet thick and coming a short distance below the Harlem Coal as shown by the section at Coal Exposure No. 274 on Map IV published on page 225. In Banks District it appears in the Frenchton Section, published on page 147, being represented by 10 feet of sandy shale. On Whites Camp, 1.7 miles southwest of Rock Cave, it is 10 feet thick, and shaly, coming 164 feet by hand-level above the Brush Creek Coal and fossiliferous Brush Creek Shale.
As an economic deposit, this sandstone is generally worthless, being too soft and shaly for building material, but on Pringle Fork of Stonecoal it is much harder than usual and could possibly be used locally with fair results.
'Lewis and Gilmer Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 163; 1916.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 227
Pittsburgh Red Shale.
The Pittsburgh Red Shale of White", lying between the Harlem Coal and Saltsburg Sandstone, and often composed of two portions separated by the Jane Lew Sandstone, occurs generally where its horizon is found above drainage in the two counties. In the upper portion, next to the Harlem Coal, there is usually 10 to 15 feet of yellowish-gray shale, often containing nuggets of lime which, in some counties, thicken mto a lenticular deposit known as the Ewing Limestone, but which was not observed in Upshur and Barbour. Below this yellow shale the member assumes a deep-red tinge that continues to the Jane Lew Sandstone. Below this sandstone the lower portion of the Pittsburgh Shale is usually a deep-red. all the way to the Saltsburg Sandstone. The entire group, comprising the yellow shale at the top, the Jane Lew Sandstone, and the two bands of red, varies in thickness from 40 to 75 feet. Its outcrop is practically coincident with that outlined for the Ames Limestone and Harlem Coal above. Economically, the Pittsburgh Red Shale is a valuable material for making brick, either for building or paving purposes, having been used extensively at several points in the State.
Saltsburg Sandstone.
The Saltsburg Sandstone of J. J. Stevenson, belonging below the Pittsburgh Reds and just above the Bakerstown Coal, may be found generally throughout both counties in the region of its outcrop. It is nearly always massive, being sometimes gray on fresh fracture, but usually mottled with iron peroxide spots giving it a brown texture, and is hard and coarse, being often conglomeratic. In Barbour it was noted by Teets in Pleasant District, at a point along the public road 0.3 mile southwest of Pleasant Creek village, where it was 15 feet thick, at an elevation of 1270 B., and also at another point, 1.4 miles northeast of Arden, where it was 15 feet thick and massive, having an elevation of 1720 B. In the Elk City Section, oij page 89, it is recorded 33 feet thick, and in that for Philippi,
'I. C. White, BuU. 65. U. S. G. S., p. 92; 1891.
228 Stratigraphy — The Conemaugh Series.
page 97, it is 28 feet, coming at the top of the hill just southwest of the town. It is recorded again by Teets in Philippi District on a branch of Hackers Creek, 2 miles southwest ot Berryburg Junction, where it is 20 feet thick and massive, at an elevation of B. In Cove District it is recorded in the section for Danville, published on page 104, being 28 feet thick ; and in Barker it is noted in the Belington Section, page 112, where it is 30 feet thick, and shaly.
In Upshur it is a well-marked horizon in Buckhannon District, being just at drainage at the Star Mill in Buckhannon town, where 4 feet of the top is exposed at water-level.
At the Montaville Reger Heirs Quarry, located along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, just north of Tenerton Station, 15 feet of the upper portion of the ledge is exposed, the elevation of its top being 1445' B. Here the stone is massive, coarse, only medium-hard, and mottled with spots of iron peroxide. The quarry is 75 feet long and extends into the hill 30 feet.
Another exposure just south of Tenerton Station and north of the Belgrade Glass factory, shows the following:
Feet.
Sandstone, massive, brown, Saltsburg 80
Fire clay shale to grade, Bakerstown Coal horizon
Concealed 3
Sandstone, masive, Buffalo, to Buckhannon River 15
The Saltsburg Sandstone is well exposed on the land of Jackson Brothers, starting at the point between Stony Run and the Buckhannon River and extending southwestward for nearly a mile. Here the stone is covered by only a slight deposit of soil and could be quarried at minimum expense, the valley of Stony Run affording a natural grade for a railroad switch, while the amount of stone available would be practically unlimited. The characteristic brown texture of the Saltsburg makes it an ideal one for architectural purposes.
East of the Buckhannon River in Union District, large quantities of the Saltsburg Sandstone have been quarried and hauled by wagon into Buckhannon for building purposes. Many of these building blocks were split from loose boulders lying on the ground in the fields east of the Poe Bridge, being
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 22y
the remnants of what was once a massive ledge. Along the Parkersburg and Staunton Turnpike in the vicinity of Reger, the stone is well exposed and boulders from it have been used extensively. The Hinkle Section, on page 129, shows it to be massive and 23 feet thick.
The George Miller Quarry, located on Childers Run, 1.1 miles north of Reger, shows 20 feet of sandstone, at an elevation of B., according to Teets, being pink, buff or brown in color, massive and medium-coarse. The quarry is 100 feet long and extends 30 feet into the hill, the stone having beeij used by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad for the piers and abutments of the bridge at Post Mill.
In Banks District the Saltsburg is recorded in the Cow Run Section on page 149, being massive and 30 feet thick, which is typical of its character in that region.
The outcrop of the Saltsburg Sandstone in the two counties may be determined with great certainty from the outcrop of the Bakerstown Coal which is shown on Map II, the stone being usually found immediately over the coal. As a building stone for general purposes it is the most desirable horizon found in either county.
Bakerstown Coal.
The Bakerstown Coal of White®, coming just under the Saltsburg Sandstone and about 425 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, is a persistent and valuable seam in northeastern Barbour, having been mined extensively for local use. Its crop in those regions where it is of minable thickness is shown on Map II, and its thickness, and chemical character, together with many detailed bed sections will be given in Chapter XI, under the subject of "Coal".
1. C. White, Report Q, Sec. Geol. Survey of Penna.
230 Stratigraphy — The Conemaugh Series.
Pine Creek Limestone.
The Pine Creek Limestone of White", coming 30 to 40 feet below the Bakerstown Coal, and frequently having abundant marine fossil forms in the northern counties of the State, is of scanty occurrence in the territory of this report. In Barbour it was not noted, but in southern Upshur it was found at a few localities. In Buckhannon District it was observed on Right Fork of Stonecoal Creek, 1.2 miles southwest of Atlas, where it is 1 foot thick and siliceous, coming 40 feet below the Bakerstown Coal, and contains scanty marine fos sils, according to Dr. Price, the details having been published in a previous report. In Washington District it was noted by Teets in the public road, 1 mile southeast of Tenerton, being 1 foot thick and having an elevation of 1600 B. In Banks District it was noted along the Coal and Coke Railway grade, 0.8 mile southwest of Frenchton, where it is siliceous, O' 6" thick, and comes 15 feet below the Bakerstown Coal, as previously published in the Lewis and Gilmer Report, page 156.
Buffalo Sandstone.
The Buffalo Sandstone of White", belonging about 100 feet below the Bakerstown Coal, is found generally in the legion of its outcrop in both counties, being usually gray and massive and frequently carrying quartz pebbles, the thickness of the stratum varying from 20 to 50 feet. In Union District, Barbour, it has been quarried in the hill northwest of Hall Post-Office, where, according to Teets, it is massive, brown and pebbly, 10 feet of the ledge being exposed. It was used by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad for bridge abutments at Hall Station. In Philippi District it mal:es a prominent cliff at the head of Elk, 0.9 mile west of Lillian, being 30 feet thick, gray and pebbly, at an elevation of ISSO' B. In the Philippi .Section, published on page 97, it is noted 50 feet thick and massive.
"I. C. White, Report Q, Sec. Geol. Survey of Penna.
"Lewis and Gilmer Report, W. Va., Geol. Survey, pp. 156 and 623;
"I. C. White, Report Q, Sec. Geol. Survey of Penna.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 23I
At the Broaddus College Quarry, located just northwest of Philippi, the sandstone is massive, buff, and medium-coarse, according to Teets, 12 feet of it being exposed at an elevation of B. The quarry is 100 feet long and extends into the hill 30 feet, and the stone was used for general building purposes.
Just east of the Olive Hill School, the Buffalo was noted 30' thick, at an elevation of ISSO' B., and about one-half mile west of the schoolhouse it makes a great cliff on the tops of the ridges. In Cove District, it makes a massive cliff at numerous points along Sandy Creek between Dent and Colebank, and makes a massive, pebbly cliff, 25 feet thick, along Raccoon Creek, 1 mile southwest of Danville, and also forms a massive cliff along Brushy Fork of Teter Creek, 1 mile northeast of Nestorville, as shown by the section for that place on page 104. In Glade District it is a prominent ledge at the schoolhouse just south of Meadowville, as recorded in the section for that place, page 107, and farther south at Flora the section records it 45 feet thick, being just above drainage. In Barker District it is exposed at numerous points along the road between Huffman and Belington, being a great massive, pebbly ledge. Just northwest of Belington at the city limits it forms a prominent ledge along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, as recorded in the section for Belington, page 112.
In Upshur County the Buffalo appears in the Buckhannon River at the Poe Bridge in South Buckhannon where the top is exposed above drainage. On Cutright Run it forms a cliff 30 feet thick on the land of Wm. Snyder, and at the head of Crooked Run, one-half mile south of Hinkleville it is 30 feet thick, and massive. In Union District it is a massive ledge along the Parkersburg and Staunton Turnpike, 0.9 mile northwest of Overhill, and at this point ripple-marks were noted on its top by the writer, .the tidal elevation being 1740' B. In Meade District it is a massive ledge along the French Creek Turnpike, 0.4 mile north of Adrian, its elevation being 1590 B In Washington District it is reported by Teets as a massive cliff at several points between Hampton and Ivy. In Banks District it makes a massive ledge on Whites Camp, 1.7 miles southwest of Rock Cave, and in the sections for Arling-
22 Stratigraphy — The Conemaugh Series.
!on and Cow Run, published in Chapter IV, it is noted 28 feel and 35 feet thick, respectively.
Economically, the Buffalo Sandstone lacks the pleasing texture that characterizes the Saltsburg above it, making it not so desirable for architectural purposes, but its abundant exposure and massive, durable qualities should make it a valuable quarry rock for structures where beauty is not essential.
Brush Creek Limestone And Shale.
The Brush Creek Limestone of White** and the Brush Creek Shale of Hennen*', occupying about 10 feet of the measures between the Buffalo Sandstone and Brush Creek Coal, were observed at numerous points along their outcrop in both counties. The Limestone is a dark, carbonaceous, lenticular deposit, being seldom more than a few inches in thickness, and often absent entirely. When present it usually contains marine fossils in profusion, Crinoid stems and Gastropods being common forms. The shale is of common occurrence, being dark and fissile and usually containing marine fossils of the same kind as those found in the limestone. Its most extensive outcrop is along a straight belt, 40 miles long, starting at Hiram, at the Barbour-Taylor Line and extending southwestward across Barbour and Upshur, practically coincident with the line of junction between the green and red structure contours shown on Maps II and IV, and varying in width from 1 to 4 or 5 miles, and lying just west of Philippi, just south of Buckhannon and passing by way of Rock Cave to the Lewis County Line. Along the Belington Syncline in eastern Barbour the shale may be found again on both sides of the syncline and also at points along the axis between Meadowville and Belington.
Economically, the Brush Creek Shale is of no interest as it contains too much siliceous and carbonaceous material to be of value for brickmaking. The limestone, when present, adds to the fertility of the soil, but is not otherwise valuable.
"I. C. White, Report Q, Sec. Geol. Survey of Penna.
"Ray V. Hennen, Monongalia-Marion-Taylor Report, W. Va. G. S., p. 310; 1913.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 233
Numerous sections, showing the Brush Creek Limestone and Shale in relation to the members of the series above an< below, will be given under the description of the Brush Creek Coal next following.
Brush Creek Coal.
The Brush Creek Coal of White', belonging directly under the Brush Creek Limestone and Shale, and being 500 to 525 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, and 250 to 300 feet above the Lower Kittanning, is of wide-spread occurrence in both Barbour and Upshur in the regions outlined above for the Brush Creek Limestone and Shale, but is always too thin for commercial mining, being usually not more than 1 foot thick, and often much less than that figure. It is a valuable stratigraphic horizon because of its persistent occurrence, and has been used locally for domestic fuel at various points where other coal could not be conveniently had.
At Coal Exposure No. 326 on Map II, in Union District, Barbour, 1 mile southeast of Volga, Teets observed 2 feet of coal in the public road, at an elevation of 1530 B.
At Coal Exposure No. 327 on Map II, in Glade District, on Flat Run, 1 mile east of Tacy, the coal had once been prospected at an elevation of 1485', and was reported 1' 6" thick, tut the place had fallen shut and this statement could not be verij&ed.
At Coal Exposure No. 328 on Map II, on a branch of Glady Creek, 1.6 miles northeast of Meadowville, the coal had once been mined by stripping, at ai> elevation of 1605' B., but the place had fallen shut and the thickness was not secured.
At Coal Prospect No. 329 on Map II, on Glady Creek, 0.5 mile west of Kirt, the coal was once opened at an elevation of 1755' B., but the place had fallen shut and its thickness was not obtained.
At Coal Prospect No. 330 on Map II, on Mud Gut Run, 1.8 miles northeast of Flora, the coal was once mined by stripping, at an elevation of 1680' B., but the place had fallen shut and could not be measured.
"L C. White, Report Q, Sec. Geol. Survey of Penna.
234 Stratigraphy — The Conemaugh Series.
At Coal Exposure No. 331 on Map II, in Barker District, along the ridge road, 1.5 miles southward from Calhoun, Teets measured T 1" of coal, at an elevation of B.
At Coal Prospect No. 332 on Map II, on Bills Creek, 1.7 miles northwest of Flora, the coal was once mined by stripping at an elevation of B., but the place was abandoned and the thickness could not be secured.
In Warren District, Upshur, the following exposure was noted by Teets, showing both the shale and the coal :
Coal Exposure — No. 333 on Map IV.
Near the Buckhannon River, 1.4 miles northwest of Hinkle; Brush Creek Coal; eleyation, 1470' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, gray, yisihle 4 0
Shale, dark 1 6
Shale, pinkish and dark, with marine fossils.
Brush Creek 0 6
Coal, slaty and canneily, Brush Creek 2 0
Shale, slate and fire clay 5 6
Shale, carboniferous 2 0
Shale, sandy
The following section was measured in Buckhannon District along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad grade :
Coal Exposure — No. 334 on Map IV.
Along the Buckhannon River, 0.9 mile south of Tenerton; Brush Creek Coal; elevation, 1420' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, Buffalo
Shale, sandy and dark, with marine fossils,
Brush Creek 15 0
Coal 0' 8"
Shale, gray 0 3
Coal 0 4 1 3
Fire clay to grade
This exposure was once examined by Dr. White, who mentions having found Chonetes mesolobus, Productus nebrascensis, a species of Bellerophon, and many Crinoid fragments", the Brush Creek Limestone and Shale at that time
"I. C. White, Vol. II. W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 279; 1908.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 235
being commonly called the Lower Cambridge, a title that was later discarded.
Two other exposures in the same region showed the following :
Coal Exposure — No. 335 on Map IV.
On Outright Run, 1.1 miles northeast of Hinkleville; Brush Creek Coal; elevation, 1510' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, dark, with plant fossils, Brush Creek 15 0
Coal, Brush Creek 2 0
Fireclay 5 0
Coal Exposure — No. 336 on Map IV.
On Crooked Run, 0.6 mile south of Hinkleville; Brush Creek Coal; elevation, 1560' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, BufFalo 30 0
Fire clay and slate 1 0
Coal, slaty, Brush Crek 1 0
Fire clay shale 6 0
In Union District the two following exposures were noted by Teets:
Coal Exposure — No. 337 an Map IV.
Along the ridge road, 1.1 miles east of Hinkle; Brush Creek Coal; elevation, 1905' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, yellow
Shale, pink 0 4
Slate, cannel 0 9
Coal, Brush Creek 0 6
Mre clay
Coal Exposure — No. 338 on Map IV.
On the head of Childers Run, 1.2 miles northeast of Reger; Brush Creek Coal; elevation, 1650' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, pinkish-gray. Brush Creek
Coal, Impure, Brush Creek 1 9
Fire clay and slate
236 Stratigraphy — The Conemaugh Series.
One-half mile farther southeast Teets found the marine fossils in the shale over a slaty deposit that represented the Brush Creek Coal.
A very good exposure of the Brush Creek Shale appears ar the following :
Coal Exposure — No. 339 on Map IV.
On Sand Run, 0.5 mile southwest of Overhill; Brush Creek Coal: elevation. 1775' B.
Ft. In
Shale, dark, sandy 5 0
Shale, dark-gray, with marine fossils, Crinoids, '
Gastropods, etc.. Brush Creek 1 0
Coal, Brush Creek 1 0
In the northern part of Meade District the coal was observed at numerous points, among which were the following:
A. D. Page Coal Exposure — No. 340 on Map IV.
On Morgan Run, 1 mile southwest of Adrian; Brush Creek Coal; elevation, 1592' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, Buffalo
Coal, Brush Creek 1 8
Slate, pavement
At this exposure the Brush Creek was found to be 87 feet, by hand-level, above the Upper Freeport Coal, which crops in the hollow below.
Coal Exposure— No. 341 on Map IV.
In the public road on Slab Camp Fork, 1.1 miles northwest of BYench Creek; Brush Creek Coal; elevation, 1450' B.
m. In.
Sandstone, massive, Buffalo
Shale, dark, sandy 15 0
Shale, black, with gastropods and pelecypods,
Brush Creek 0 6
Coal, mostly slate, Brush Creek 2 0
Fire clay shale 5 0
At Coal Exposure No. 342 on Map IV, on Mulberry Ridge, 1.3 miles southwest of French Creek, the coal is ex-
West Virginia Geological Survey. 237
posed in the public road, at an elevation of 1645' B., being about 2 feet thick.
At Coal Exposure No. 343 on Map IV, on the ridge road, 1.5 miles due south of French Creek, the coal is 1 foot thick, at an elevation of 1725' B., coming under 15 feet of dark, sandyshale that represents the Brush Creek.
Coal Exposure — No. 344 on Map IV.
On the ridge road, 1.3 miles west of Evergreen; Brush Creek Coal; elevation, 1835' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, dark, sandy, with concretions and one
pelecypod noted. Brush Creek 5 0
Coal and slate. Brush Creek 1 6
In Washington District Teets reports the coal at Exposure No. 345 on Map IV, on the ridge road at the head of Gravel Run, 2 miles southeast of Ours Mill, one foot thick and slaty, at an elevation of 1995' B.
The following exposure was noted in Banks District :
G. B. Brake Coal Prospect — No. 346 on Map IV.
On Whites Camp, 1.8 miles southwest of Rock Cave; Brush Creek Coal; elevation, 1569' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, Buffalo 35 0
Concealed 5 0
Shale, dark, with abundant marine fossils, Crinoids
, Gastropods, Chonetes, etc., Brush Creek 10 0
Coal, slaty. Brush Creek 1 0
This coal prospect comes 59 feet, by hand-level, above tnc mouth of the G. B. Brake Core Test (No. 104 on Map IV), the record of which could not be obtained. The Brush Creek Shale at this point exhibited the greatest abundance of fossil forms noted anywhere in the two counties.
238 Stratigraphy — The Conemaugh Series.
Mahoning Sandstone Stage.
The Mahoning Sandstone Stage of H. D. Rogers and White occurring between the Brush Creek and Upper Freeport Coals, is represented in Upshur and Barbour by the following members:
Upper Mahoning Sandstone. Mahoning Coal. Thornton Fire Clay . Lower Mahoning Sandstone .
Mahoning Sandstones. — The Mahoning Sandstones comprise the great bulk of the Mahoning Stage, usually forming massive, gray ledges 25 to 40 feet in thickness, each, or sometimes being consolidated into one ledge, SO feet or more in thickness. Both members frequently carry quartz pebbles, but these are often lacking. When pulverized, the sandstone usually has about the appearance of coarsely ground corn-meal, a characteristic that is typical of these members in many of the northern counties. The Upper Mahoning was noted by Teets at several points just west of Tygart Valley River in Barbour. Along the hill road, three-fourths mile northeast of Arden it had once been quarried for building purposes, at an elevation of 1605' B. Just west of Philippi it was noted, and on the east side of the river in the vicinity of Lillian and Calhoun it occurs at numerous points. In Union and Washington Districts, Upshur, it is noted near Wentz Ford, Hinkle, Tallmansville, and Ivy. In Banks District, it occurs as a massive pebbly ledge, 60 feet thick, in the top of the mountain north of Cleveland, as shown by the section for that place, page 153.
The Lower Mahoning is noted in Barbour near Arden, Philippi, Tygart Junction, Lillian, Vannoys Mill, Nestorvilk, Valley Furnace and Belington. In Upshur, it is prominent, in the vicinity of Wentz Ford, Hinkle, Tenmile, Ivy and Cow Run.
The Jonah Denham Quarry, located at Mansfield, Philippi District, Barbour, shows a great pebbly, pinkish-gray ledge, making a prominent cliff around the hillside, 20 feet of it being visible at an elevation of 1445' B,, at the place where it is quar-
"I. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 305; 1903.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 23Q
ried. Stone from this quarry has recently been used for the foundation of the new woolen mill at Philippi.
The D. T. Malcolm Quarry, located on a branch of Shooks Run, one-mile west of Philippi, and due north of the Denham quarry, shows a hard gray pebbly cliff, of which 15 feet of the upper portion has been quarried, the elevation of its top being B. The quarry-face is ISO feet long and it extends into the hill 40 feet. The joint-planes of the ledge are irregular, making it somewhat difficult to quarry large blocks, but the stone is hard and firm, and makes good material for massive masonry. It has been used for the construction of the Byrer Building in Philippi.
Numerous exposures of the Mahoning Sandstones will be given along with the detailed description of mines in the Upper Freepcrt Coal in Chapter XI, to which reference is made for further information.
Mahoning Coal. — The Mahoning Coal of White*®, belonging just under the Upper Mahoning Sandstone, was observed . as a blossom, only, at a few points. Teets records it in Warren District, Upshur, 1.8 miles southwest of Hall, at an elevation of 1600 B., and again in Washington District of the same county, 0.5 mile southwest of Ivy, its elevation being 1820 B.
Thornton Fire Clay.— The Thornton Fire Clay of White2 coming just under the Mahoning Coal, was noted in BarLou* at a point 1.5 miles southeast of Belington, as described in Chapter XIII under the subject of "Clay", and appears in the measures at a few points in Upshur. In the section for Evergreen, Meade District, a fire clay shale, 15 feet thick, and plastic, was found just over what seems to be the Lower Mahoning Sandstone, and this would represent the Thornton. In Washington District Teets records it in the pubHc road, 1.1 miles west of Ivy, being 5 to 7 feet thick, at an elevation of 1720' B., and again in the road 1 mile west of Goodwin, 5 feet thick, at an elevation of 1880' B. In the section for Stillman, on page 150, it is recorded just over the Lower Mahoning Sandstone, 15 feet thick, and plastic. In the section for Cleve-
"I. C. White, Bull. 65. U. S. G. Survey, p. 94; 1891.
"I. C. White. Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 322-323; 1903.
240 Stratigraphy — The Conemaugh Series.
land, on page 153, its presence is noted, but the thickness was not obtained.
Uffinqtom Shale.
The Uffington Shale of White'®, coming between the Lower Mahoning Sandstone and Upper Freeport Coal, bein< usually dark-gray and siliceous, with abundant plant remains, and having plant fossils at its type locality in Monongalia County, was noted at various points. In Philippi District, Barbour, the following exposure was observed on the ridge at the head of Sand Run, 2 miles southeast of Vannoys Mill :
Feet Sandstone, massive, pebbly, makes haystack pillars, on
ridge. Lower Mahoning 35
One mile east of Valley Furnace, it was noted 10 feet thick, coming between the Mahoning Sandstone and Upper Freeport Coal, at the opening on the Andrew Miller farm. The section for Nestorville, page 104, records it 5 feet thick.
Other exposures of the Uffington Shale will be noted along
with the detailed sections of the Upper Freeport Coal in
Chapter XI.
I. C. White, V61. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 323; 1903.
Chapter Vii
Stratigraphy-The Allegheny Series.
General Description And Section.
The Allegheny Series of the Pennsylvanian Rocks, described and named by thfe First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania from its occurrence along the river of the same name in that State, outcrops over a considerable area of central, eastern and southern Barbour, as shown by Map II ; and throughout a broad belt southwestward across Upshur and in the western corner of Randolph, as shown by Map IV. The series begins with the top of the Upper Freeport Coal and extends downward to the top of the great Homewood Sandstone of the Pottsville, being usually about 250 feet thick, and composed largely of gray sandstones and gray sandy shales, weathering into a yellow sandy soil entirely different from that resulting from the Conemaugh red beds above. Besides several small seams of coal, of local importance only, the series contains four good seams of minable thickness, one of which, the Lower Kittanning, has been mined for many years on an extensive scale in Barbour and Randolph. There are no limestones of economic importance, but valuable seams of flint or plastic fire clay are found under several of the coals, most of them being somewhat lenticular in their occurrence.
The following general section, compiled from the sections published in Chapter IV, as well as from numerous other detailed observations, shows the Allegheny Series for the thrc; counties :
242 Stratigraphy — The Allegheny Series.
General Section of the Allegheny Series for Barbour, Upshur and the Western Portion of Randolph Counties.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Peet.
Coal, Upper Freeport 5 5 5'
Fire clay, Bolivar 6 11
Sandstone, massive, gray. Upper Freeport.. 35 48
Coal, Lower Freeport 2 50 45'
Plre clay and shale 13 63
Sandstone, massive, gray. Lower Freeport.. 40 105
Coal, Upper Kittanning 5 110 60'
Fire clay. Upper Kittanning 5 115
Limestone, Johnstown Cement 4 119
Fire clay, Hardman 4 123
Sandstone, massive, gray, East Lynn 35 158
Coal, Middle Kittanning 4 162 52'
Coal, Lower Kittanning 8 180 18'
Fire clay. Lower Kittanning 5 185
Shale, sandy 13 198
Shale, sandy 20 250
The Clarion Sandstone and Clarion Coal are often entirely absent, leaving the Lower Kittanning Coal separated from the Homewood Sandstone by only 10 to 20 feet of fire clay and sandy shale. Many of the other members are absent thin over wide areas, as will be fully discussed in the subsequent pages of this chapter.
Description Of Members.
Upper Freeport Coal.
The Upper Freeport Coal of the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, lying at the top of the Allegheny Series, is found in portions of Barbour where it is mined for local domestic fuel and is mined commercially in Upshur. The bed section differs somewhat from that found in northern West Virginia, but the character of the coal is much the same. Its
West Virginia Geological Survey. 243
areal extent, character and thickness, and chemical quaUty, together with detailed bed sections will be discussed in Chapter XI, under the subject of "Coal."
Bolivar Fire Clay.
The Bolivar Fire Clay, first named and described by Pennsylvania geologists from its occurrence near the town of that name in Westmoreland County, Pa., where it is used for making fire brick, was observed at a few points in Barbour and Upshur, although it is not abundant. In the section for Colebank, Cove District, Barbour, it was recorded 2' V thick, and in the same District it was noted on Brushy ForJ< of Tcter Creek, 1.3 miles northeast of Valley Furnace, being flinty, ferriferous and 25 feet thick, and coming just under the Upper Freeport Coal. The ferriferous nodules were formerly dug from this clay and used in an old furnace which will be described in Chapter XIII under the subject of "Iron Ore".
In Upshur it was noted by Teets in Union District along the public road just south of Five Forks at an elevation of B., the thickness not being determined, and also alonf the public road in the neighborhood of Nebo Schoolhouse the same District. In the section for French Creek, published on page 133, it is recorded as being 25 feet thick where it crops along the public road 0.6 mile south of the village. In the Sago Section, page 134, it is noted 10 fet thick, as exposed in the public road near the railroad tunnel. It was also noted in the public road at the head of Indian Camp, 0.6 mile northwest of Beans Mill, being 5 feet thick at an elevation of 2090 B.
It is possible that at a few of these localities named, the clay might be of some value for making brick, though it is doubtful if it is pure enough to stand a high refractory test.
Upper Freeport Limestone.
The Upper Freeport Limestone, named by the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania from its occurrence in the same locality as the Freeport Coals, was not observed as a separate horizon in the territory of this report, although in the region of Valley Furnace, Cove District, Barbour, ferrugi
244 Stratigraphy — The Allegheny Series.
nous limestone nodules are found in the Bolivar Fire Clay that probably represent its horizon, but it appears to be represented in a boring at Buckhannon where it is in two layers, separated by 4j4 feet of shales.
Upper Freeport Sandstone.
The Upper Freeport Sandstone named by Pennsylvania geologists from its occurrence in that State, and usually belonging only a few feet below the Upper Freeport Coal, is usually a massive cliff-forming horizon in both Barbour and Upshur, its color being gray. In Barbour it was noted in Union District just north of Century Junction, cropping along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad grade and being 30 feet thick, and massive. In the section for Hall, on page 94, it is noted as being 9 feet thick, ferriferous and pebbly. It was noted by Teets at numerous points in the region east of the Tygart Valley River, being 25 feet thick a short distance northeast of Lillian; 20 feet thick and flaggjy, at an elevation of ISW B., at a point 1 mile northeast of Mt. Liberty; IS feet thick and pebbly J4 mile south of Calhoun, the elevation being 1795' B. In the section for BeHngton, page 112, it is 35' 10" thick and in that for Junior, page 115, it is 20 feet thick.
In Upshur it is noted in the Turkey Run Section, page 123, as being 70 feet thick, which is an unusual figure, and it is recorded as 48 feet thick in the boring at Buckhannon on page 128. .
The Nutter & Core Quarry, located on the west side of the Buckhannon River just north of the village of Hampton, Buckhannon District, is in the Upper Freeport ledge, as is clearly shown by the presence of an old opening in the Upper Freeport Coal just above it, at an elevation of 1450' B. The quarry has been partly filled up with debris, but about 10 feet of the ledge is still visible, being massive, gray, coarse and hard, with numerous particles of mica. Stone from it was used in Buckhannon in the basements of the present courthouse and jail, with satisfactory results.
In the Sago Section, page 134, the stone is noted 63 feet thicki where it crops along the public road north of the railroad tunnel. In Union District it was noted by Teets at scv-
West Virginia Geological Survey. 245
vTal points. On Sand Run, 2 miles east of Regei, it was massive, pebbJy and 40 feet thick; just southwest of Swamp Run it formed a massive cliff rock, at an elevation of B. ; and in the Overhill Section, page 131, its thickness was noted as 30 feet. In Meade District it forms a great massive cliff rock just under the Upper Freeport Coal in the neighborhood of Adrian, varying from 25 to 50 feet in thickness, and visible at numerous points around the village. It is also prominent just beneath the same coal around the village of French Creek, being a hard resistant formation, and usually carrying quartz pebbles. On the head of Grandcamp Run, 0.7 mile southwest of the Indian Camp School, it was noted 50 feet thick and massive, its top being at an elevation of 2135' B. In the section for Evergreen, page 133, it is noted 30 feet thick. East of the Buckhannon River it was noted by Teets at several points in Washington District, being 10 to 15 feet thick, massive and having an elevation of 1890 B. at the head of Gravel Run. In Banks District it appears along the Little Kanawha River 1 mile northeast of Gaines, having an elevation of 1990' B., and being soft and pebbly.
The massive and durable character of this sandstone should make it a valuable one for structures where large building blocks are desired.
Lower Freeport Coal.
The Lower Freeport Coal, of the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, belonging about 50 feet below the Upper Freeport, is not well developed in Barbour and Upshur, being seldom more than two feet thick and often represented by nothing more than a little black slate or being absent entircl It will furnish local fuel in a few places, but may be disre garded as a commercial deposit.
At ExpTosure No. 455 on Map II, in Pleasant District, Barbour, 0.7 mile northeast of Arden, Teets records 0' 8" of coal at an elevation of 1480' B., and at Exposure No. 456 on Map II, 0.6 mile northeast of Arden it was 1' 6" thick, at an elevation of 1500' B. At Mine No. 457 on Map II, on the I'ygart Valley River, 0.6 mile north of Berryburg Junction, the coal is 1' 9" thick, with partings, as shown by the section for
246 Stratigraphy — The Allegheny Series.
that place, page 83. At the following opening there is a considerable amount of coal, but it is badly mixed with slate
B. E. McCoy Farm Mine— No. 458 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 1.3 miles east of Volga; Lower Freeport Coal; elevation, 1435' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black 1 0
Coal 2' 6"
SUte, black 0 2
Coal 0 6
Slate, bony 1 3
Coal 1 0
Shale, gray 0 7
Coal 2 0 8 0
Concealed, by water and fire clay to massive
sandstone 2 0
The thickness of coal shown at the above opening is unusual for the Lower Freeport in this locality, but it is only 35 feet below an opening in the Upper Freeport, and the correlation seems sure.
At Opening No. 459 on Map II, on a branch of the Tygart Valley River, 1.2 miles northwest of Middle Fork Station, the place had fallen shut when visited by Teets, but the thickness of the coal was estimated at about 3 feet, its elevation being 1730' B.
In the same District the coal was also noted by Teets at Exposure No. 460 on Map IL along the public road 0.9 mile north of Audra, at an elevation of I860' B.
The Joseph Sandridge Farm Mine, No. 461 on Map II on the head of Lick Shoals Run, 0.6 mile northwest of Audra, with an elevation of 1868' L., had fallen shut and its thickness v/as not obtained by Teets when he examined the opening.
At Opening No. 462 on Map II, 0.3 mile northwest of Audra, the place had fallen shut when examined by Teets, but was reported as being 3 feet thick, its elevation being IQIC B., as noted in the Audra Section, page 95.
In Philippi District, the coal was once opened at the Grafton Fuel Company Prospect, No. 463 on Map II, along the Tygart Valley River hill just east of the Lillian Mines, at an elevation of 1491' L., the thickness being reported 3 to 4
WEST VIRGINIA CiEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 247
feet with a parting by W. S. Brydon, Superinterclent the prospect being 75 feet by hand-level, above the bas: of the Upper Kittanning Coal.
At Exposure No. 464 on Map II, on Shocks Run, 0.4 mile west of Philippi, 2' 0" of clean coal was visible at an elevation of B.
In Cove District the coal was once opened at the Jasper England Prospect, No. 465 on Map II, along the east side of the Tygart Valley River, 1.2 miles southwest of Moatsville, at an elevation of 1455' B., but not much coal was foimd.
The coal was once opened at Prospect No. 466 on Map II, along the hill road, 0.3 mile northeastward from MoatsvilUi village, at an elevation of 1365' B., but the place had fallen shut when examined and the thickness of the coal was rot obtained.
In Glade District the coal is visible at Exposure No. 467 on Map II, in the public road along a branch of Glady Creek, 1.2 miles northeast of Vannoys Mill, its elevation being 1600' B. The heavy blossom would indicate 1 to 2 feet of coal.
In the section for Meadowville, on page 107, 0' 8" of Lower Freeport Coal is noted in the boring that forms the lower part of the section.
In Upshur few exposures of this coal were seen. Its blossom appears in the public road just east of Hampton, but there is little coal.
In Union District, it was observed by Teets at the Isaac Moats Opening, No. 468 on Map IV, on a branch of Middle Fork River at Swamp Run, being 3' 1" thick, and having an elevation of 1935' B. A sample was collected at this opening, the composition of which is published under Min No. 468 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this chapter.
On Little Sand Run it was found by Teets along the public road at Exposure No. 469 on Map IV, 1.3 miles northwest of Ivy, where it was 0' 6" thick, at an elevation of 1470' B.
At Exposure No. 470 on Map IV, 0.8 mile southwest o' Vegan, 1' 2" of coal was visible along the public road, at an elevation of 1995' B.
In Meade District it was observed in the village of French Creek, at Exposure No. 471 on Map IV, where its blossom is
t
248 Stratigraphy — The Allegheny Series.
exposed in the public road, at an elevation of lASKY B., being separated from the Upper Freeport Coal, 40 feet above it, by the massive Upper Freeport Sandstone.
In Washington District it was observed by Teets at a few points, as follows :
Marion Dean Farm Mine — No. 472 on Map IV.
On Sand Run, 1.4 miles south of Overhlll; Lower Freeport Coal; elevation, 1746' B.
Ft In.
Shale roof
Coal, soft 3 6
Slate
Ed Glass Farm Mine— No. 473 on Map IV.
On the head of Grassy Run, 0.8 mile west of Goodwin; Lower Freeport Coal; elevation, 1784' L.
Ft. In.
Coal 0' 7"
Slate, black 0 1
Coal, medium-hard 1 8
Coal, bony 1 0
Coal, medium-hard 0 10
Slate or bone 0 3
Coal 0 9
Coal, bony : .0 6 5 8
Slate
.
At Tenmile, the horizon of the Lower Freeport was prospected, as shown by the section for that place, page 138, but apparently little or no coal was found.
In Banks District the blossom of the coal was observed along the hill road 1.8 miles northeast of Cleveland, as shown by the section for Honey Camp, page 154, but elsewhere it was not found.
Lower Freeport Luvtestone.
The Lower Freeport Limestone, of the Pennsylvania geologists, belonging only a few feet below the Lower Free port Coal, is not usually found in Barbour and Upshur, being noted at only a few points, where it is a thin, gray stratum. It contains no marine fossils, but in some counties shows small brackish-water types of shells.
In Barbour it is noted in the coal boring that composes the
-unreal
r- p. s.
-
Carfc
a
Ir
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. '/iV
lower part of the Colebank Section, published on page 101, and is 1 foot thick.
The following exposure was noted along the public road on Teter Creek, Cove District, 1.4 miles north of Nestorville:
Ft. In.
Sandstone, shaly
Shale, with ferruginous limestone nodules, Lower
Freeport 5 0
In the Meadowville Section, page 107, the limestone is noted 0' 6" thick, in the boring that was used for the underground portion of the section.
The P. S. Combs Quarry, located on Bills Creek, Barker
District, 1.8 miles northeast of Calhoun, had fallen shut when
it was examined, but fragments of ferruginous limestone were
visible on the dump. Residents reported that the limestone
occurred in the form of boulders bedded in shale and that it
was used for agricultural purposes with very good results.
The quarry is at an elevation of 166S' B., bein SO feet below
the undoubted bench of the Upper Freeport Coal so that the
correlation seems certain. A sample was collected for analysis,
the composition of which is reported by Hite and Krak as
follows :
Per cent.
Loss on ignition 3.16
Total 99.51
Economically, the scarcity of exposures indicates that the Lower Freeport Limestone is not of appreciable value.
Lower Freeport Sandstone.
The Lower Freeport Sandstone of the Pennsylvania geologists, described as being composed of two separate divisions, belongs a short distance under the Lower Freeport Limestone, and since that stratum does not generally occur in Barbour and Upshur, it is found in these counties only a
"few feet below the Lower Freeport Coal. In tracing this sandstone across West Virginia, it has been found that another name has been applied to the Lower Division; hence it has seemed well to abandon the titles "Lower Freeport, Upper Division", and "Lower Freeport, Lower Division", previously used in the reports of the northern counties, and to apply the name "Lower Freeport Sandstone" to the upper stratum, only, using the name for the lower formation that has been applied to it in the southern counties of the State.
The Lower Freeport Sandstone, as it occurs in the territory of this report, is a massive, gray deposit, often 40 to 5C feet in thickness and sometimes carrying quartz pebbles. In Barbour it i3 recorded in the shaft record of the Midland Coal & Coke Company, north of Berryburg Junction, 27 feet thick as appears in the section for that place, page 83, where this record was used.
The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Quarry, located on the cast side of the Buckhannon River at the mouth of Pecks Run, near Hall Station, at an elevation of 1405' B., is apparently on this ledge. Here the stone is massive and gray, but somewhat soft. The quarry-face is 30 feet long, 15 feet high and extends into the hill 20 feet, and the stone was used for t! abutments of the railroad bridge near the quarry.
In Philippi District the stone crops at numerous points. Along the east side of the Tygart Valley River, 1.3 miles south of Philippi, it is 20 feet thick, massive and pebbly, standing out in a bold ledge, the elevation of its top being 1480 B. It if: reportedly Teets 1.4 miles northwest of Calhoun, being 25 feet thick, at an elevation of 1730 B. On the head of Anglin' Run, 2.5 miles southeast of Philippi, it is a massive, pebbly stratum, 50 feet thick, the elevation of its base being 1690' B. One mile northeast of Mt. Liberty, as noted by Teets, it is 1 5 feet thick, with an elevation of 1800' B. On the head of Fords Run, 2 miles southeast of Philippi, it is 40 feet thick, massive and pebbly, the elevation of its top being 1645' B.
In Cove District it is recorded in the section for Colebank. page 101, being 43 feet thick, as determined by the coal boring that composes the lower portion of the section. In the section for Nestorville, page 104, it is noted in a boring as being 23 feet thick.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 25 1
In Glade District it is noted in the boring that makes the lower part of the Meadowville Section, page 107, as being W b" thick. On a branch of Sugar Creek, 1.3 miles southwest of Vannoys Mill, it appears as a massive, pebbly stratum, the elevation of its top being 172S' B.
In Barker District it is recorded in the boring that forms the lower portion of the section for Belington, page 112, as being 27' 10" thick, the boring itself being in Valley District.
At Hampton in Upshur, the top of the Lower Freeport ledge is visible on the east side of the Buckhannon River at the end of the highway bridge, IS feet of it being visible above drainage, and coming only a few feet below the blossom of the Lovier Freeport Coal. One-half mile southeast of Hampton the ledge crops along the railroad grade, making a great massive, pebbly cliff, 50 feet thick, with numerous plant fossils at its base, among which Sigillariae and other forms were noted, its elevation being 1440' B., and the slate and shale that represent the Upper Kittanning Coal being visible at its base.
In Banks District it is recorded in the section for Cleveland, page 153, being 35 feet thick, and in that for Honey Camp, page 154, it is 55 feet thick.
In Randolph it is noted in Roaring Creek District in the section for Findley, page 164, where it is 25 feet thick, and massive, and in that for Leiter, page 165, where it is 25 feet thick, and pebbly.
This sandstone horizon could furnish an enormous amount of good stone for general masonry or bridge purposes.
Upper Kittanning Coal.
The Upper Kittanning Coal, named by Messrs. Piatt and Lesley, from its occurrence in Pennsylvania, and belonging just below the Lower Freeport Sandstone, and from 90 to 125 feet below the Upper Freeport Coal, and 50 to 100 feet above the Lower Kittanning, is found at numerous points in both Barbour and Upshur, forming a valuable fuel resource. Its outcrop is shown on Maps II and IV and its character, thickness and extent, together with detailed bed sections, will be fully discussed in Chapter XI, under the subject of "Coal".
252 Stratigraphy — The Allegheny Series.
Upper Kittanning Fire Clay.
The Upper Kittanning Fire Clay of Hennen\ belonging just under the Upper Kittanning Coal, was observed at a few points in Upshur County, but was not noted in Barbour. In Meade District it is recorded in the section for French Creek, page 133, being 2 feet thick, as exposed at the southern end of the village. In the public road just west of Sago a bed of flinty clay, 14 feet thick, is exposed, coming 89 feet above the Lower Kittanning Coal and 93 feet below the Upper Freeport, that probably represents the Upper Kittanning, but the same deposit does not appear at the railroad tunnel a few hundred feet to the southward, nor in such thickness at any other point in the county, hence it must be considered a lenticular formation.
At Imperial, Meade District, the Upper Kittanning Fire
Clay is exposed just over the sand quarry of the Imperial Sanr
Company, being 3 feet thick and coming between the Upper
Kittanning Coal and the Upper East Lynn Sandstone, as
shown in the section for Imperial on page 136. Here the
clay was sampled by F. G. Smith of Buckhannon who has
kindly furnished the Survey with a copy of the analysis, as
made by the Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory under sample
number 4S988 over the signature of H. H. Craver, Chief Clerk.
The same exposure was sampled by the writer and analyzed by
Hite and Krak in the Survey Laboratory. The two analyses
are as follows:
Pittsburgh W. V. G. S. Testing Laboratory
Per cent. Per cent.
Iron Oxide 2.71 2.28
Loss on ignition 6.26 3.60
Alkalies 2.74
Moisture 0.67
Totals 99.89 100.31
*Ray V. Hennen, Monongalia-Marion-Taylor Report, W. Va.. Geol. Survey, p. 344; 1913.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 253
On Queens Fork of Little Kanawha River, 1.7 miles northwest of Alton, 10 feet of plastic fire clay is visible in the public road just under the blossom of the Upper Kittanning Coal, the elevation of which latter formation is IQ? B., and this must represent the Upper Kittanning Clay.
Johnstown Cement Limestone.
The Johnstown Cement Limestone, named by Franklin Piatt from its occurrence in Cambria County, Pa., and coming just under the Upper Kittanning Fire Clay, and often just under the Upper Kittanning Coal when the clay is lacking, is not of general occurrence in the territory of this report, but is found at a few points in both Upshur and Barbour, and at one or two places has been burned for agricultural lime.
In Barbour it is exposed in Union District at several points along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad between Hall Station and the Upshur County Line, varying in thickness from 1 to 4 feet and usually being hard and siliceous. The following exposure was observed just southwest of Hall Station :
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, maslve, in bluff, Mahoning
Concealed 16 16
Coal, Upper Freeport, thickness concealed
Concealed 70 85
Limestone, shaly, Johnstown 4 89
Fire clay, with flinty fracture 10 99
Sandstone, to grade 4 103
The following section, measured with aneroid, along the north side of the Buckhannon River, 0.3 mile northwest of Boulder, illustrates the relationship of the Johnstown Limestone to other Allegheny formations :
Boulder Section, Union District, Barbour.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Concealed from summit, mostly sandy shale 70 70
Shale, sandy, partly concealed 65 135
Sandstone, shaly> Lower Freeport 30 165
254 Stratigkaphv The Allegheny Series.
Thickness. TotaL
Feet. Feet. Concealed and shale. Upper Kittanning Coal
horizon 3 168
Limestone, hard, Johnstown 2 170
Concealed, with Are clay, Hardman 15 185
Sandstone, massive. East Lynn 45 230
Concealed, sandy shale, sandstone and fire
clay to railroad grade 35 265
Vloncealed to Buckhannon River 25 290
In Philippi District the limestone is visible along the west side of the Tygart Valley River just south of Philippi, being represented by ferruginous limestone nodules bedded in shale, as shown by the Philippi Section, page 97. At the Meriden mines the limestone is visible, being 2 feet thick and coming 4j4 feet below the Upper Kittanning Coal, which is opened in the hill just north of the main mine in the Lower Kittanning.
The following exposure was noted along the railroad grade 0.3 mile north of Meriden:
Feet.
Fire clay and shale 3
Sandstone, massive 10
Slate, black, 0' to 1
Limestone, hard, with Spirorbis fossils, Johnstown 4
Fire clay to grade, Hardman 4
A sample was collected from the limestone at this point, the analysis of which is reported by Hite and Krak as follow.'- :
Loss on ignition 1 . 72
Total 100.33
Between the point last mentioned and Meriden Station the limestone was reported to have once been quarried for agricultural Hme, but the place was abandoned and fallen shut. The limestone has a firm hard appearance in this cut and could probably be used to good advantage.
In Upshur, boulders of the limestone arc visible along the railroad cut, one-half mile southeast of Hampton, evidently having been bedded in the shale just below the Lower Free-
West Virginia Geological Survey. 255
port Sandstone cliff. In the Sago Section, on page 134, the limestone is recorded (Y 6" thick.
In Washington District the limestone appears at a few points along the Coal and Coke Railway. The following exposure was noted 0.5 mile east of Tallmansville :
Feet.
Shale, sandy, dark 10
Sandstone, shaly 3
Shale, dark 4
Sandstone, shaly 2
Slate, dark, Upper Kittanning Coal horizon (1736' B.) 1
Limestone, shaly, Johnstown 2
Fire clay shale, Hardman, to grade 6
Another exposure 0.7 mile east of Tallmansville shows 2 feet of shaly limestone coming directly under 1 foot of slaty coal that represents the Upper Kittanning, the elevation of the latter formation being L.
Hardman Fire Clay.
The Hardman Fire Clay of Hennen*, belonging just under the Johnstown Cement Limestone, is not generally found in fhe counties under discussion, though its presence is noted in several sections published above under the description of the Limestone. At these exposures it is plastic and impure, and probably of no value for refractory purposes.
Ea8T Lynn Sandstone.
Along the Buckhannon River in Meade District, Upshur, two great sandstone cliffs extend up and down the river for several miles, their outcrops being almost continuous. The lower cliff is the Homewood Sandstone of the Pottsville, coming a short distance below the Lower Kittanning Coal which has been frequently mined in that locality. The upper cliff is only a few feet below the Upper Kittanning Coal and its base is about 65 feet above the top of the Homewood, being separated from the latter formation by croppings of sanely shales, sandstone and the Lower Kittanning Coal. At the village of Imperial this great upper cliff has been made the
Ray V. Hennen. Monongalla-Marion-Taylor Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 347; 1913.
256 Stratigraphy — The Allegheny Series.
basis of an important glass-sand industry by the Imperial Sand Company, the plant of which will be described in Chapter XIII under the subject of "Glass-Sand"; hence, because of the confusion of terms mentioned under the description of the Lower Freeport Sandstone, page 250, it seems best to retain a distinct name for this stratum, and it will therefore be classified in this report as the East Lynn Sandstone of Krebs.
The typical position and character of the East Lynn Sandstone is well exhibited in the section for Imperial, published on page 136, where it is 45 feet thick, massive, gray and mediumbard, having a high percentage of silica, and coming only 3 feet below the blossom of the Upper Kittanning Coal from which it is separated by the Upper Kittanning Fire Clay.
In Pleasant District, Barbour, the East Lynn Sandstone appears in the shaft record of the Midland Coal & Coke Company, one-half mile north of Berryburg Junction, where as shown by the section for that place, page 83, it is a white stratum, 40 feet thick, and coming just below the Upper Kittanning Coal.
In Philippi District the ledge appears at numerous points east of the Tygart Valley River. It is reported by Teets 2.1 miles northwest of Calhoun, being 30 feet thick and having an elevation of 1750 B., and also along the ridge 2.8 miles east of Lillian, where it is 20 to 25 feet thick.
In Cove District it is noted in the section for Moatsville, page 106, being 18 feet thick, and in that for Nestorville, page 104, being 43' 11", as determined by the boring that composes the lower part of the section.
In Glade District is was. noted along the public road on a branch of Glady Creek, 0.9 mile southwest of Tacy, being a massive deposit with its top at an elevation of 1580 B.
In Barker District it is noted in the section for Junior, page 115, being 14' 9" thick, as determined in a coal boring.
In Upshur it appears first along the Buckhannon River at the residence of W. L. Burner, at the north end of the village of Sago, Meade District, where its top is about 25 feet above
C. E. Krebs, Cabell-Wayne-L4ncoln Report, W. Va. Oeol. Survey, p. 183; 1913.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 257
the river at an elevation of lAACf B. On Laurel Fork of French Greek it was noted in the hill road 1.3 miles northward from Evergreen, having its top at an elevation of 1650' B. Along Indian Camp Run it forms a cliff at numerous points, being prominent at the Indian Camp School In the section for Evergreen, page 133, it is recorded as being 45 feet thick. On Saw Mill Run, one-half mile west of Ours Mill, this sandstone comes at an elevation of 1545' B., and forms the famous "Split Rock", being a great massive ledge, 45 feet thick, a portion of which has split from the main cliff and is separated from it by an interval of about 5 feet at the top and 3 feet at the bottom, and making a picturesque scenic effect that has long been recognized as one of the most interesting in the county. In Washington District, the East Lynn Sandstone makes a prominent feature along many of the Coal & Coke Railway cuts. The following section, measured with hand-level at the tunnel one-half mile east of Goodwin and arranged in descending order, illustrates well the relationship of the East Lynn Sandstone to the other members of the series :
Goodwin Section, Washington District, Upshur.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Sandstone* massive. Lower Freeport 10 10
Slate, dark, Upper Kittanning Coal hoHzon
Fire clay, gray. Upper Kittanning 6 17
Sandstone, massive, East Lynn 48 66
Concealed, should contain Middle Kittanning
Coal 20 85
Sandstone, massive, may be base of East
Lynn 10. 95
Coal, Lower Kittanning (8' 6'') (1764' L.)
At the Coal & Coke Railway Quarry, located 0.8 mile west of Sand Run Station, and on the south side of the railroad, the East Lynn Sandstone is quarried and crushed for concrete aggregate, according to Lloyd Wamsley, Superintendent, being used for the lining of the Pembroke Tunnel at the time the quarry was examined by Teets and the writer in 1915. About 30 feet of the upper portion of the ledge is visible, the elevation of its top being 1945' B., and the quarry being 100 feet
258 Stratigraphy — The Allegheny Series.
long and extending into the hill 50 feet. The stone here is massive and gray with a tinge of red, with numerous jointand bedding-planes.
At the John Nay Quarry, located on the north side of the railroad at the west portal of the Sand Run Tunnel, this sandstone is 48 feet thick, as exhibited in the section for Sand Run, page 140, being 7 feet above the Middle Kittanning Coal. The stone here is gray, micaceous and massive, only 25 feet of the upper portion being used. The quarry is IO6 feet long and extends into the hill 50 feet, many joint-and bedding-planes being visible. According to information given by John Nay, Su* perintendent, the stone was being used for tunnel lining along the railroad.
The stone is reported by Teets on Trubie Run, 1.7 miles southeast of Hampton, making a massive cliff, 25 feet thick, at an elevation of 1480' B., and 1.3 miles northwest of Kedron, where it comes 15 feet above the Middle Kittanning Coal; and also on the head of a branch of Panther Fork, 1.8 miles east of Beans Mill, being 25 feet thick and pebbly, at an elevation of 2360 B. In the section for Queen, page 142, it is noted 25 feet thick and pebbly.
In Banks District it is recorded in the section for Canaan page 151, being 32 feet thick, and in that for Cleveland, page 153, it is 30 feet thick.
This ledge was observed at several points in Roarir Creek District, Randolph County. On the ridge one-half mile north of Pumpkintown, it is a massive, pebbly formation, ha\ ing an elevation of 2470' B. On the head of Big Laurel Creek, I mile northeast of Pumpkintown, it makes a cliff, 30 feel thick, its elevation being 2365' B. One mile east of Kingsville It is 30 feet thick and pebbly, the elevation of its top being 2250' B. One-half mile northeast of Coalton it makes a cliff 20 feet thick, the elevation of its top being 2270' B. In the region west of Roaring Creek Junction it makes numerous exposures. On the head of Kettle Run, 1.2 miles southwest of Pumpkintown, it is a massive cliff, 25 feet thick, at an elevation of 2265' B.
The generally massive and durable quality of the Eas
West Virginia Geological Survey. 259
Lynn Sandstone insures an abundance of good stone for masonry wherever it outcrops.
In Pleasant District, Barbour, this sandstone is reported by Teets along the west side of the Tygart Valley River, opposite Felton Station, 13 feet of it being visible above the river, the elevation of its top being 1320' B. In Union District it was noted by Teets at the mouth of Island Run, 1 mile southwest of Hall, being a massive deposit with an elevation of B.
In Philippi District it appears in the section for Tygart Junction, page 99, being 40 feet thick and making a massive cliif rock in the hill just northeast of the railroad station, being the second cliff above the railroad. It is also reported by Teets near Lillian and near Mt. Liberty, having much the same character as at Tygart Junction. In the section for Philippi, page 97, it is recorded in the boring as being 15' thick.
In Barker District it is recorded in the section for Belington, page 112, as being 45 feet thick, and in Valley District it is noted in that for Skidmore, page 115, as being 50 feet thick and pebbly.
In Upshur it is reported by Teets in Union District at the road fork 1 mile northeast of Vegan, making a massive cliff, 25 feet thick, at an elevation of 1981' L. ; and also on Hooppole Run, three-fourths mile northwest of Yokum, where it is 25 feet thick and massive, and in the section for Lantz, page 132, it is 31 feet thick and massive.
On the west side of the Buckhannon River, just north of Sago Station, Meade District, the East Lynn Sandstone hAs been used from the George Burner Heirs Quarry, for bridge piers and abutments, according to Teets, being gray and medium-coarse. The quarry is 75 feet long and reaches into the hill 15 feet, 12 feet of the lower part of the ledge being used. Here the sandstone directly overlies an old digging in the Lower Kittanning Coal, the elevation being 1450' B.
In the section for Beans Mill it is recorded as 30 feet thick and massive.
In Washington District this ledge was noted by Teets at numerous points. Just east of Goodwin it is 15 feet thick and directly overlies the Lower Kittanning Coal. On Grassy
26o STRATIGRAPHY — THE ALLEGHENY SERIES.
Run, one-half mile southeast of Tallmansville, it has been quarried for chimneys and cellars built in the neighborhood, some oi which have stood for 30 years without appreciable disintegration. Here the stone is massive, medium-coarse, and comes IS feet above an opening in the Lower Kittanning Coal, and having an elevation of 1685' B. Three-fourths mile north of Queen, it is 15 feet thick, coming over the Lower Kittanning Coal. On Leonard Fork of Middle Fork River, 1.3 miles soutl west of Queen, it is 25 feet thick and massive, with an elevation of B. In the section for Kedron, page 142, it is recorded 20 feet thick. About one mile southeast of Beans Mill it makes a pebbly cliff, 30 feet thick, at an elevation of 2210 B.
In Banks District it is noted in the section for Canaan, page 151, being 25 feet thick; in that for Cleveland, page 153, it is 35 feet; in that for Honey Camp, page 154, it is 15 feet; and in that for Cow Run, page 149, it is 55 feet.
In Roaring Creek District, Randolph, it is noted in the section for Pumpkintown, page 167, being 45 feet thick.
Middle Kittanning Coal.
The Middle Kittanning Coal, of the Pennsylvania geologists, is an irregular deposit occurring from 0 to 50 feet above the Lower Kittanning, being sometimes combined with the latter seam so that both are mined in the same opening with only a barely perceptible parting between them, and at other times separating from the parent seam far enough to make it a separate bed over wide areas. In the regions of its best and most typical development, it comes just below the East Lynn Sandstone and is occasionally separated from the Lower Kittanning by the sandstone, but when the interval between the two coals diminishes to a few feet or less, the sandstone disappears entirely from the measures. Owing to this irregular interval, the Middle Kittanning can scarcely be described or cropped as a separate bed, but its thickness, distribution and character, together with detailed bed sections will be given in conjunction with the discussion of the Lower Kittanning Coal in Chapter XI, under the subject of "Coal".
West Virginia Geological Survey. 261
Lower Kittanninq Coal.
The Lower Kittanning Coal, named by J. P. Lesley from its occurrence in Armstrong County, Pa., has a greater areal extent than any other coal seam found in the three counties, and is usually of minable thickness wherever it crops as well as in many localities where it is under drainage and has been tested by the core drill. Its position in the measures is from 170 to 190 feet below the Upper Freeport, and from 15 to 50 feet above the top of the Homewood Sandstone. It is a doublebedded seam usually haying from 4 to 8 inches of slate or bony coal about one-third way up from the bottom and often a minor parting above this. Its outcrop is shown on Maps II and IV, and the red structure contours show its height above sea-level. Its thickness, chemical character and distribution, together with detailed bed sections, will be fully discussed in Chapter XI, under the subject of "Coal".
Lower Kittanninq Fire Clay.
The Lower Kittanning Fire Clay, coming just under the Lower Kittanning Coal, has a wide distribution in western Pennsylvania, Ohio, and is also mined extensively in Hancock County, West Virginia, but in the counties under discussion it is not prominent, having been noted at only a few points in southern Upshur, where it is sometimes flinty.
In Union District it was noted by Teets on Whiteoak Run, 0.9 mile west of Midvale, being 5 to 6 feet thick and flinty, where it occurs in the county road at an elevation of 2040 B.
In Washington District it was observed by Teets 0.5 mile
west of Queen, being 4 feet thick and flinty, at an elevation
ot 2240' B. ; and also on the head of Leonard Run, 2 miles
southeast of Beans Mill, where the following section was
secured :
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, coarse. East Lynn 25 0
FIrt clay, flinty, Lower Kittanning 6 0
262 Stratigraphy — The Allegheny Series.
Clarion 8And8T0Ne.
The Clarion Sandstone of the Pennsylvania geologists, coming below the Lower Kittanning Fire Clay, is not usually found in the area under discussion, as the Lower Kittanning, Coal is often separated by only a few feet of shales from the Homewood Sandstone. When present at all, the Clarion Sandstone is of the same general type as the others of the Allegheny Series, being massive and gray in color.
In Barbour it is noted in the section for Colebank, page 101, being 36 feet thick; and in the section for Belington, page 112, being IS' 6" thick, and it is generally present along the Tygart Valley River between Philippi and Belington. In Upshur it is noted in the section for Sand Run, page 140, being 10 feet thick and shaly; in those for Lantz and Overhill, the thickness not being determined in either; and in that for Frenchton, page 147, where it is 20 feet thick, as recorded ir. an oil well.
Clarion Coal.
The Clarion Coal, named by the Pennsylvania geologists from its occurrence in that State, and like the Clarion Sandstone above it, not of general occurrence in the counties of this report, owing to the usual absence of this group from the lower part of the Allegheny Series, has been found at a few points along the Tygart Valley River between Philippi and Elkins, where it is mined at a few openings. It is too thin and uncertain to be classed generally as a minable bed, but such openings as were found will be described in Chapter XI, under the subject of "Coal".
Chapter Viii
Stratigraphy— The Potts Ville Series.
The Pottsville Series was first named and described bv Pennsylvania geologists from its occurrence at Pottsville, eastern Pennsylvania, where it has numerous beds of conglomeratic sandstone, separated by anthracite coal seams. Later it was subdivided by I. C. White into the Upper Pottsville, or Kanawha Group, the Middle Pottsville or New River Group, and the Lower Pottsville or Pocahontas Group. The series is represented in the territory of this Report by only the two upper divisions, (the Pocahontas type of coal not being found so far north), and their rocks cover a large portion of southern Upshur and western Randolph, as well as appearing in several regions in Barbour, as fully outlined on Maps II and IV.
The Kanawha Group.
General Description And Section.
The Kanawha Group of WhiteS composing the upper portion of the Pottsville Series, consists mainly of massive, gray sandstone beds, varying from 10 to 75 feet in thickness, separated by deposits of sandy or carbonaceous shale, with coal seams usually appearing somewhere between the successive ledges of rock. Nearly all of these coal seams are somewhat lenticular, being apparently in good development in some localities, while they are but poorly represented in neighboring areas, indicating a marked irregularity of old shore-lines in Ihe Paleozoic Sea. As defined in this volume, the group varies in thickness from about 350 feet in northern Upshur and westem Barbour to 650 feet in western Randolph in the Pickens region. Many new coals and sandstones appear in the measures to account for the expansion in thickness, and these coals.
I. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 500-502; 1903.
264 Stratigraphy — The Pottsville Series.
probably nearly all represent beds that extend southwestward across the State to the Virginia and Kentucky Lines, where the Kanawha Group has a thickness of 2100 feet, and where many more beds of coal are found than occur in western Randolph. Inasmuch as detailed studies are not yet complete on the counties of Webster, Nicholas, and Fayette, lying between Randolph and the southern counties, there is still some doubt as to the correlation of the less persistent seams of Randolph, although the main beds are fairly well established. Many of the coals are only thin seams of the same general type with no characteristic parting slates or other physical features by which to distinguish them readily, and most of the fossiliferous limestones that occur in the southern counties are not found so far north.
In naming these coals of Randolph, therefore, it has seemed best to apply the names used in western Pennsylvania, as far down in the rock column as they can be definitely identified, both because of their priority of usage and on account of the greater certainty of their correct correlation. The coals which apparently are not represented in the Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia column will be correlated as closely as possible with the southern West Virginia names.
The following general section is compiled to show the entire rock succession of the Pottsville, as observed in western Randolph :
General Section of the Pottsville Series for Barbour, Upshur, and the Western Portion of Randolph Counties.
Thickness. Tota\ Kanawha Group (645') Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, Homewood, massive, gray,
often pebbly, prominent alog the
Tygart Valley River, on Roaring
Creek, and along the headwaters
of the Little Kanawha 26 to 60 60
Coal, Upper Mercer, lenticular, often
splinty 0 to 10 70 70'
Shale, sandy, and dark, with lenticular
sandstones 25 to 60 130
stone of Pa. 7), dark slate with occasional marine fossils 0 to 5 135
West Virginia Geological Survey.
26s
Thickness. TotaL
Coal, Lower Mercer (Stockton of Kanawha Valley), hard and spllnty, mined at Craddock, Canaan and other points in southern Upshur 0 to 6 140
SandstonCf Upper Connoquenetaing (Upper Coalburg) of Kanawha Valley?), massive, grayish-white, with quartz pebbles, prominent along Tygart Valley and Middle Fork Rivers 30 to 65
Coal, Quakertown "Rlder (not previously described), noted at Laurel Station on Tygart Valley River. . . 0 to 1
Shale, sandy 0 to 7
Slate, Quakertown (not previously described, hard, black, fissile and carbonaceous, often having LIngulae and Naiad Ites fossils, most conspicuous at Liaurel Station on Tygart Valley River 0 to 4
Coal, Quakertown (Coalburg? or Wlnlfrede? of Kanawha VaHey), medium-hard 0 to 3
Shale, gray, sandy 0 to 10
Sandetone, Lower Connoquenetaing (Lower Win If rede 7 of Kanawha region), massive, gray 30 to 60
Shale, sandy 0 to 8
Coal, Chilton 0 to 2
Shale, sandy 0 to 10
Sandstone, Upper Cedar Grove, massive, gray 0 to 28
Coal, Cedar Grove 0 to 2
Shale, sandy 5 to 10
Sandatone, Lower Cedar Grove, gray
and massive 10 to 48
Coal, Alma, medium-hard, mined near
Pickens 0 to 2
Shale, sandy 0 to 5
Sandstone, Monitor, gray, massive. . . 0 to 22
Coal, Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas), min extensively for local use in Pickens region, medium-hard, usually single-bedded 1 to 3
Shale, sandy 10 to 20
Sandetone, Brownatown, massive, gray 10 to 47
Coal, Powellton, medium-hard, singlebedded 1 to 3
Shale, sandy 0 to 10
Sandstone, Eagle, gray, massive 20 to 46
Limestone and Shale, Newlon, (not previously described, black fissile shale with limestone "turtleback" concretions 0 to 20 576
266 Stratigraphy — The Pottsville Series.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Coal, Eagle, medium-hard, with bony streaks, known as the "Qlmmer'
Seam north of Pickens 1 to 4 680 80'
Sandstone, Decota, gray, massive 10 to 20 600
Shale, dark, Eagle, carries marine fossils in southwestern counties;
none found in Randolph 2 to 10 610
Sandstone, Upper Gilbert, gray, massive 20 to 33 643
Coal, Gilbert, medium-soft, opened near
Adolph on Middle Fork River 1 to 2 645 65'
Sandstone, Upper Nuttall, gray, massive 10 to 20 665
Shale, sandy 5 to 10 675
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall, coarse, gray and massive, usually making cliff 20 to 37 712
Coal, Hughes Ferry, soft, columnar, single-bedded, upper prospect at
Hartridge 1 to 3 715 70'
Shale, sandy 5 to 10 725
Sandstone, Middle larger, gray, massive 15 to 23 748
Coal, Lower larger, soft 1 to 2 750 35'
Shale, sandy 5 to 10 760
Sandstone, Harvey, coarse, gray, massive 20 to 37 797
Coal Castle, soft, columnar, prospected near Casslty, on Middle Fork
River 1 to 3 800 50'
Shale, sandy 0 to 10 810
Sandstone, Guyandot, gray, massive.. 25 to 48 858
Coal, Sewell "B", soft 0 to 2 860 60'
Shalle, sandy 0 to 10 870
Sandstone, Lower Guyandot, gray,
massive 10 to 20 890
Shale, Hartridge, (not previously described), black, fissile, and carbonaceous, with shells of marine and non-marine origin. Naiad Ites,
Lingulae, etc 2 to 5 895
Coal, Sewell (Sharon? of Pennsylvania), soft, columnar, mined at Cassity, Hartridge, and on Mill
Crepk and Rich Mountain 2 to 5 900 40
Shale, sandy 5 to 10 910
Sandstone, Welch, gray, massive 10 to 27 937
Coal, Welch, soft, columnar 1 to 3 940 40
Shale, sandy 10 to 35 975
Sandstone, Sharon (Upper Raleigh, of Raleigh County), great massive pebbly conglomerate of Rich
Mountain region 25 to 75 1050
Mauch Chunic Red Shales
West Virginia Geological Survey. 26/
Description Of Members, Kanawha Group.
Homewood 8And8T0Ne.
The Homewood Sandstone, named by I. C. White from its outcrop in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, and coming at the top of the Pottsville, is usually found in massive development wherever its horizon occurs above drainage in all three counties. It is usually grayish-white, hard and coarse, often carrying quartz pebbles, and varying in thickness from 25 to 75 feet. In Barbour it crops above drainage along the Tygart Valley River all the way from the Taylor County Line to Arden, and, along with the Upper Connoquenessing below it, gives the valley its strikingly rugged appearance. From Arden to Tygart Junction, it is mostly below drainage, but near the latter place it rises above the level of the river and remains above it across the Hiram Anticline and finally goes below water-level again in the vicinity of Lehigh. Between Lehigh and Junior it is below drainage, but at the latter place it emerges again and stays above all the way to the Randolph Line.
At the Gage Coal & Coke Company Quarry, located just north of Gage on the east side of the Tygart Valley, the Homewood has been used extensively for coke-oven material and for other structures around the mines. The stone here is hard and gray, massive and coarse, with a few quartz pebbles, and is very much broken up by joint-planes and streaks of shale that cut through it in irregular directions. The quarry is 300 feet long and extends into the hill 100 feet. About 30 feet of the upper portion of the ledge has been worked, the elevation of its top being 1785' B.
In eastern Barbour the Homewood appears above drain age along the foot of the Laurel Ridge, where the rapidly rising structure east of the Belington Syncline brings it up, rmd the same rise of the rocks soon carries its horizon far above the slope of the mountain.
In Upshur the Homewood is above drainage in all the southern end of the county, including portions of Union, Meade, Washington, and Banks Districts. Along the Buckhannon River, it appears above water-level just south of Sago,
268 Stratigraphy — The Pottsville Series.
and makes a prominent cliff all the way to Alexander, beyond which it is so high in the hills that it is not prominent. At the famous "Hanging Rock", 0.7 mile southeast of Ours Mill, the ledge is 50 feet thick, coming 23 feet above the level of the railroad grade, and making an immense overhanging cliff, under which the trains must pass. At Craddock the stone was once quarried extensively for glass-sand by the Silica Sand Company, a description of whose plant will be given in Chapter XIII, under the subject "Glass-Sand". Along the various branches of the Little Kanawha River this ledge is very prominent, making almost unbroken lines of cliff on either side of the valleys for many miles, and usually having a great abundance of quartz pebbles.
In Randolph, the Homewood, in conjunction with the Upper Connoquenessing just below it, makes a double line of cliffs on each side of the Tygart Valley, nearly all the way from the Barbour Line to Roaring Creek Junction, east of which it rises rapidly and disappears above the tops of Laurel Ridge and Rich Mountain. Along Roaring Creek these two ledges form great pebbly cliffs all the way from the mouth of the stream to Coalton, giving the creek its name on account of its rough descent over the boulders and ledges. The Homewood has often been termed the "Roaring Creek" Sandstone, from its occurrence in this region.
At the Workman Brothers' Quarry, located along the Western Maryland Railway, on the east side of the Tygart Valley River, at the Kaufman Church, one mile northeast of Laurel, the Homewood has been quarried extensively, mostly for railroad ballast. The quarry is 200 feet long and extends into the hill feet, the cliff being 50 feet thick, with an elevation at its top of 1883' B. Stone from this quarry was used for the abutments and piers of the Coal and Coke Railway bridge across the Tygart Valley River, where it cuts through the gorge between Rich Mountain and Laurel Ridge, and also for the palatial residence of the late Henry G. Davis, of Elkins.
At the Coal & Coke Railway Quarry, located on the soutn bide of the line, 0.9 mile northwest of Leiter, the stone has been quarried extensively, and crushed for railroad ballast, 35
West Virginia Geological Survey. 269
teet of the ledge being exposed, with its top at an elevation of 1975' B. The quarry is 100 feet long and extends into the hill 100 feet, the stone being gray and massive, with numerous joint-and bedding-planes.
Along the Middle Fork River, the Homewood is a prominent cliff in the hilltops in the vicinity of Gale, and farther south it may be found, but it is not nearly so prominent as the great Upper Connoquenessing below it.
Along the Right Fork of the Buckhannon River, the Homewood makes a cliff in the tops of the hills and at Silica, it was formerly quarried for glass-sand by the Enterprise, Silica Sand Company, the plant of which will be described in Chapter XIII, under the subject of "Glass-Sand". South of Pickens it appears for the last time in the high tops of Turkey bone Mountain, where it is responsible for the presence of tliese picturesque monadnocks.
Upper Mercer Coal.
The Upper Mercer Coal, of the Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, coming just under the Homewood Sandstone, is found at various localities in all three counties of the present Report, although it is lenticular and frequently thins out completely in only a short distance. In these counties, as well as in southern Lewis, farther west, its position is 40 to 75 feet above a horizon containing the Kanawha Black Flint fossils, giving rise to the possibility that it may be found to correlate with the No. 5 Block of Fayette County, but this is a matter that future investigation must determine. The outcrop o'f the Upper Mercer Coal, in those regions where it is known or believed to be of possible minable thickness, is shown on Maps II and IV, and in Chapter XI its areal extent, character, and thickness, together with numerous detailed bed-sections, will be discussed in full.
270 Stratigraphy — The Pottsville Series.
Kanawha Black Flint.
The Kanawha Black Flint, of Rogers*, was named from its occurrence in the Great Kanawha Valley, where it is a hard black, flinty horizon, carrying marine fossils. This formation was recognized and identified from its fossils at Hemlock in southern Upshur, where, according to the Hemlock Section, page 146, it comes 174 feet below the top of the Homewood Sandstone, an interval which differs by only a few feet froi that found between the same formations at Bablin, Lewis County, and that, according to Hennen, is preserved with little variation across Braxton and Clay to the Kanawha Line. The exposure at Hemlock is in the public road, 0.7 mile south west of the village, at an elevation of 2605' B., the fossils being found in 6 inches of shale, coming over a thin coal searii. Spirifer and Dcrbya being among the most conspicuous forms recognized. Dr. Wm. Armstrong Price has declared the fossils found here to be similar to those found elsewhere in the Black Flint, confirming" the writer's identification on stratigraphic evidence.
In eastern Barbour Derbya robusta, classified by Dr. Price as a common type of the Kanawha Black Flint, was found along a road on the western slope of the Laurel Ridge, 0.7 mile northwest of Thorn Knob and 5 miles northeast of Belington, at an elevation of 2320' B. Unfortunately the dip of thv. measures in this locality is so great that no connected section could be made with the rocks above or below the fossil horizon.
An extensive search was made at the Black Flint horizon in all three counties but fossils were not found elsewhere, leading to the conclusion that salt water probably covered only a small portion of this region when the Flint fauna flourished in the Kanawha Valley.
The position of the Kanawha Black Flint in the stratigraphic column of the Pottsville of western Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia has long been a subject of speculation and controversy among geologists, the conclusion of I. C White and David White being that it belonged somewhere in the Mercer Group, which comes between the Homewood and
W. B. Rogers, Fifth Annual Report of Virginia; 1839.
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 27 f
Connoquenessing Sandstones*. The studies of the writer in Webster County, in 1916, have revealed the Black Flint with its characteristic fossils coming just over the Lower Mercer Coal that is mined extensively in southern Upshur and northern Webster. Since the stratigraphic position of this coal is at or near the top of the Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone, which has been traced all the way from the Pennsylvania Line to southern Upshur, the earlier deduction of the Whites seems to-be entirely confirmed.
The Lower Mercer Coal of the Pennsylvania geologists, coming from 30 to 70 feet below the Upper Mercer, and about 140 feet below the top of the Homewood Sandstone and dilectly below the fossiliferous Kanawha Black Flint, has been mined extensively for local domestic use in Banks District. Upshur, where it is a hard, semi-splint coal of good quality, being usually single-bedded. Its extent, chemical character, and detailed bed-sections will be presented in Chapter XI, under the subject of "Coal", and on Map IV, its outcrop is shown where it is known or believed to be of minable thickness.
Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone.
The Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone, first named and described by I. C. White, from its occurrence in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, and having its base from 150 to 200 feet below the top of the Homewood, is one of the most conspicuous sandstone members of the entire Pottsville. It is usually frorn SO to 75 feet thick, hard and durable, making great cliffs, grayish-white in color, and usually carrying an abundance of quartz pebbles, varying from one-fourth to threefourths inch in diameter and having an angular appearance with the comers slightly rounded by friction.
In Barbour the Upper Connoquenessing is above drainage and prominent along the Tygart Valley River on either side of the Hiram Anticline. At the falls of the river 1.5 miles southwest of Moatsville, it is about 50 feet thick, and pebbly,
I. C. White, Vol. W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 487-488, 1908.
22 Stratigraphy — The Pottsville Series.
the falls occurring over the middle 25 feet of the ledge. The cliff appears above the same river three-fourths mile southeas' of Tygart Junction, and remains above drainage for several miles where the Hiram Anticline has raised the strata to a high level in this region. One mile northwest of Wilmoth Ford, it descends below the river level on the dip toward the Belington Syncline, making a succession of low falls, totalling about 40 feet in height. In the eastern part of the county it crops along the foot of the Laurel Ridge and is soon carried above the mountain tops by the eastward rise of the rocks.
In Upshur County the horizon of the Upper Connoquenessing is above drainage in portions of Union, Meade, Washington, and Banks Districts, but is usually not so conspicuous as the Homewood above it. It is best developed in the southeastern corner of the county east of Queen, Hemlock, and Palace Valley, where it makes a prominent ledge high in the hilltops, being usually pebbly and massive. In Banks District, makes the falls in the Little Kanawha River at Arlington, where it is a massive pebbly ledge.
In Randolph County, the Upper Connoquenessing is the most prominent ledge along the Middle Fork River, being a noticeable feature all the way from EUamore to the Big Laurel Thicket, where it caps the moutain. In the vicinity of Cassity, the southward rise of the rocks has elevated it nearly to the lop of the hills, and southward it remains at the same high level, just topping the ridges with a great, bold, pebbly ledge, the debris and pebbles from which litter the valley below. West of West Huttonsville, the rise of the rocks toward the Hiram Anticline keeps the ledge near the top of the hills all the way to Blue Rock, where it makes a prominent cliff SG feet thick, at an elevation of B., just east of the divide between Middle Fork and Buckhannon Rivers. Northward from Blue Rock it caps the ridge of the mountains, being prominent at See Camp Gap, and descending northward with the dip of the measures along the axis of the anticline, all the way to the Middle Fork River.
Along the Tygart Valley River the ledge rises above drainage near the Barbour Line, and together with the Home wood above it, makes great cliffs along both sides of the river
West Virginia Geological Survey. 73
all the way to Roaring Creek Junction, where the dip or the measures toward the Belington Synclinehas partly submerged it, but the southeastward rise soon brings it above the river and it is conspicuous along the mountain side, rising to the top of Laurel Ridge and Rich Mountain at the river gap. Along Roaring Creek it again forms twin cliflfs with the Homewood, as previously described under the latter formation, being peb- . bly and massive.
So far as known, the Upper Connoquenessing has not been quarried in any of the counties, its pebbly character making it unsuitable for general building purposes, although it could be used for bridge abutments or rough masonry if so desired.
Quakertown "Rider" Coal.
The section for Laurel, Roaring Creek District, Randolph County, published on page 162, shows a coal 4 inches thick, occurring just beneath the great Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone ledge, and 15 feet above the Quakertown Coal. So far as known, this coal has not been previously noted or described and it is therefore named the Quakertown "Rider" Coal. It does not attain minable thickness in the three counties and is usually absent entirely.
Quakertown Black Slate.
In the section for Laurel, Roaring Creek District, Randolph, made along the Western Maryland Railway, on the east side of the Tygart Valley River, 0.3 mile south of Laurel Station, and published on page 162, a black, fossiliferous slate appears, coming* 5 feet above the Quakertown Coal, and 8 feet below the Quakertown "Rider". It is hard, fissile, and carbonaceous, being highly resistant to erosion. The principal fossils observed were Lingula kanawhensis and Naiadites elongata, the latter type being especially numerous, the latter being of probable non-marine origin. So far as known this slate has not been previously noted or described and it will therefore be called the Quakertown Black Slate, from its relation to the coal of the same name. The same slate was noted by Hennen and the writer at Adma Station, Barbour, along
274 Stratigraphy — The Pottsville Series.
the Tygart Valley River, coming just below the Upper Connoquenessing ledge, at an elevation of B., and having the same species of Naiadites. It was also noted at Clements, along the same river, and just under the sandstone ledge. It was noted again at the base of the Upper Connoquenessing on Bear Knob, three-fourths mile northwest of Cassity, on Middle Fork River, as shown by the section for that town, page 170, and has there the same species of Naiadites, which is seemingly its characteristic fossil. On the Buckhannon River, Meade District, Upshur, one-half mile north of Beans Mill, this black slate is apparently replaced by an impure fire clay shale, a chemical analysis of which is published in Chapter XIII under the subject of "Clays".
The Quakertown Coal, named by I. C. White from its occurrence at the village of that name on the Mahoning River, near the Ohio and Pennsylvania State Line, has been recognized generally throughout the three counties in the region of its crop, and in some sections it attains a thickness of three feet, having been mined for local fuel at numerous points. Its interval varies from 5 to 30 feet below the Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone, from which it is sometimes separated by the thin and lenticular Quakertown "Rider" Coal and the Quakertown Black Slate. The fact that it belongs 60 to 75 feet the Kanawha Black Flint indicates that it must correlate either with the Coalburg or Winifrede Coal of the Kanawha Valley, the information recently acquired in field studies in Webster County favoring the latter horizon. The crop of the Quakertown Coal is shown on Maps II and IV in those regions where it is believed to be of value, and in Chapter XI its chemical character, areal distribution, and thickness, together with bedsections, will be taken up in detail, under the subject of "Coal".
The Lower Connoquenessing Sandstone of I. C. White, separated from the Quakertown Coal by only a few feet of shale, was observed frequently in the regions where its hori-
West Virginia Geological Survey. 275
zon should crop, its most conspicuous development being along the Tygart Valley River in Barbour County, where the Hiram Anticline brings it above drainage in the neighborhood of Adma and Clements. It is usually a gray and massive sandstone, but is not generally conglomeratic, being in striking contrast to the Upper Connoquenessing above it.
Chilton Coal.
The Chilton Coal of White*, apparently belonging about 300 feet below the top of the Homewood Sandstone, is but poorly represented in the three counties. On the east side of Turkeybone Mountain, Middle Fork District, Randolph County, a coal has been opened, according to Teets, at the Gottfried Busky Prospect, No. 906 on Map IV, 1.8 miles southeast of Pickens, that is 275 to 300 feet below the horizon of the Lower Kittanning Coal and 125 feet above the Campbell Creek Coal, the tidal elevation of the prospect being 3450 B. Information on the bed-section of the coal is lacking as the prospect had fallen shut, but its position indicates that it may be the Chilton Coal. Its apparently scant occurrence indicates that it can not be classed as a minable bed.
Upper Cedar Grove Sandstone.
The Upper Cedar Grove Sandstone of Hennen and the writer* apparently belongs 5 to 10 feet below the Chilton Coal and just over the Cedar Grove, being gray and massive and 10 to 30 feet thick. The fact that all the sandstones of the Kanawha Group below the Upper Connoquenessing are of the same general type; namely, hard, gray, and massive, makes the positive identification of any single ledge a matter of much doubt, since some of them have thinned out and disappeared completely in the region between their type localities and the area of the present Report.
*I. C. White. Vol. W. Va. Geol Survey, p. 430; 1908. 'Logan-Mingo Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 169-170; 1914.
276 Stratigraphy — The Pottsville Series.
Cedar Grove Coal.
The Cedar Grove Coal of White', apparently belonging about 340 feet below the top of the Homewood Sandstone, was not certainly observed in the three counties, but a coal that seems to correspond to this horizon was noted across the line in Webster County, on the headwaters of Holly River, the description of which will be given in the Report for that county. It is possible that this coal could be found by prospecting in the region west of Pickens, but its thickness on the Holly River side (1' 6") indicates that it would not be of minable thickness in Randolph.
Lower Cedar Grove Sandstone.
The Lower Cedar Grove Sandstone of Hennen and the writer, belonging apparently between the Cedar Grove and Alma Coals, appears to be represented by a gray, massive ledge in the Pickens region, although its correlation is open to question.
Alma Coal.
The Alma Coal of White®, named for its occurrence in the Kanawha Valley, where it has been mined extensively, is apparently represented in the counties of the present Report by a coal that comes about 400 feet below the top of the Homewood Sandstone. It appears to be too thin for commercial mining, but has been opened at a few points for local domestic use.
One-third mile southeast of Pickens, Middle Fork District, Randolph, a thin coal occurs that is 25 feet above the Campbell Creek Coal. It was once opened, according to Teets, at the James Pickens Prospect, No. 907 on Map IV, having an elevation of 2915' B., but the prospect had fallen shut and could not be measured. This coal seems to represent the Alma horizon.
I. C. White, Bull. 65, U. S. G. Survey, pp. 138-140; 1891; and Vol. W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 562; 1903.
Logan-Mingo Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 175-176; 1914. I. C. White, Vol. W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 404-407; 1908.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 277
In Barbour, the same coal was noted in Valley District at Exposure No. 908 on Map II, in Valley District, along the east side of the Middle Fork River, O.S mile northeast of Lantz, being C 4" thick, at an elevation of B.
In Upshur it was noted by Teets in Washington District, 1.8 miles southeast of Queen, its blossom showing in the public road at an elevation of 2255' B. ; and in the same District, 0.5 mile east of Hemlock, where its blossom is exposed in the highway at an elevation of B. .
In Randolph County, besides the exposure noted above, it has been prospected at several points near Adolph. Prospect No. 909 on Map IV, located 0.3 mile southwest of Adolph, had fallen shut, its elevation being 2540 B. Prospect No. 910 on Map IV, located 0.4 mile southeast of Adolph, at an elevation of 2570 B., was also abandoned. At the following the coal was partly exposed :
Fred Rush Prospect— No. 911 on Map IV.
On the Middle Fork River, 0.4 mile east of Adolph; Alma Coal; elevation, 2525' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black 3 0
Coal 0 11
Concealed by water, may have another streak of coal
One mile southwest of Adolph, the blossom of a coal was observed at the root of a fallen trees, south of Birch Fork, at an elevation of B., that represents this coal. At Prospect No. 912 on May IV, on Left Fork of Right Fork of Buckhannon River, just south of Czar, this coal was opened at an elevation of 2325' B., but the place had fallen shut and could not be measured. The following opening was noted by Teets :
J. J. Wuerzer Farm Mine— No. 912A on Map IV.
On Trout Run, 1 mile southwest of Czar; Alma Coal; elevation 2670' B. Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, soft , r 6"
Slate, gray 0 6
Coal, soft 3 0 6 0
Slate, pavement
278 Stratigraphy — The Pottsville Series.
Monitor Sandstone.
The Monitor ("Logan") Sandstone of Hennen and the writer belonging just over the Campbell Creek Coal, is apparently represented in Randolph by a massive, gray sandstone, 10 to 20 feet thick. It has no single feature to distinguish it from the other sandstones of the Kanawha Group, and so far as known has not been quarried in the three counties.
Campbell Creek ("No. 2 Gas") Coal.
Over a considerable portion of Middle Fork District, Randolph, a coal has been mined extensively for Ijcal domestic use, coming at a maximum of 430 feet below *he Lower Kittanning Coal, that has been frequently called the Pickens Coal, from its occurrence near the town of that name, on the Buckhannon River. It is the belief of I. C. White®, that this coal represents the true Campbell Creek or "No. 2 Gas" of the Kanawha Valley, and the writer finds nothing to contradict this conclusion as its position by interval in the Kanawha Group would place it there, and all recent stratigraphic work apparently confirms this early correlation.
The following section, obtained by Teets, shows the usuaoccurrence of the Campbell Creek Coal in the Pickens region
James Pickens Prospect — No. 962 on Map IV.
0.3 mile southeast of Pickens.
Ft. In.
Concealed
Concealed and slate 22 0
Coal, soft r 7"
Coal, bony 0 4 Campbell Creek
Slate and concealed
Coal, thickness concealed,
The Campbell Creek Coal as it occurs in Randolph County is usually characterized by a slate parting in the lower portion
Logan-Mingo Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 178-180; 1914; see also Wyoming-McDowell Report, p. 148; 1915.
"Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 363; 1903; and Vol. p. 401;
West Virginia Geological Survey. 2/9
and often carries some layers of splinty coal, similar to that found in the Kanawha Valley. Its outcrop is shown on Map IV wherever its horizon outcrops in Randolph and Upshur, and in Chapter XI its chemical character, areal distribution, and thickness, together with detailed bed-sections will be discussed in full, under the subject of "Coal".
Brownstown Sandstone.
The Brownstown Sandstone of White, belonging 10 to 20 feet below the Campbell Creek Coal, seems to be represented by a gray, massive ledge in the Pickens region, being 10 to 40 feet thick. So far as known it has not been quarried.
The Powellton (Brownstown) Coal of White" is apparently represented by a coal that has been prospected locally at a few points along the Middle Fork River, and on the waters of Buckhannon River between Newlon and Pickens.
In Valley District, Barbour, the coal was noted at Exposure No. 977 on Map II, on Middle Fork River, 0.5 mile northeast of Lantz, having a thickness of 1 foot, and an elevation of 1812' L., and occurring just below a massive sandstone that crops only a few feet above the river at that point.
In Washington District, Upshur, a coal was reported in the bed of Middle Fork River at Gale at Coal Exposure No. 978 on Map IV, with a thickness of 1' 6", and an elevation of 1840' B., and being 30 feet below the Campbell Creek Coal. The E: T. Talbott Farm Mine (No. 979 on Map IV), located on Laurel Run of Right Fork of Middle Fork, 1.7 miles southeast of Queen, apparently represents the Powellton horizon. This opening measured 1' 9" of clean coal, at an elevation of 2130' B.
In Roaring Creek District, Randolph, the coal was once opened at the William Tallman Prospect (No. 980 on Map IV), located on Left Fork of Middle Fork, 1.1 miles southeast of
"I. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 586; 1903.
"I. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 511 and 585: 1903; and Vol. pp. 272 and 349; 1908.
28o STRATIGRAPHy — THE POTTSVILLE SERIES.
Gale, having an elevation of B., and a reported thickness of 1 foot.
In Middle Fork District, Randolph, the coal has been opened at the Washington Bunner Farm Mine (No. 981 on Map IV), located on Bearcamp Run of Left Fork of Buckhannon River, 0.8 mile northeast of Czar, having an elevation of 2380' B,. and a thickness of 1' 3", according to Teets. The W. O. Smith Prospect (No. 982 on Map IV), located on Hooker Run of Middle Fork of Buckhannon, 1.6 miles south of Newlon, showed 1' 1" of coal, according to Teets, at an elevation of 2085' B. It was also opened on the same run at Coal Prospect No. 983 on Map IV, located 2.2 miles south of Newlon, having an elevation of 2235' B., the thickness of the coal not having been learned. At Coal Exposure No. 984 on Map IV, located on Right Fork of Buckhannon River, 0.3 mile west of Silica, a coal is visible in the railroad cut, having a thickness of O' 5" and an elevation of 2350 B., that apparently represents the Powellton. At Coal Prospect No. 985 on Map IV, located on the same fork of Buckhannon, 0.7 mile southeast of Silica, 1 foot of soft coal was found, having an elevation of 2460' B:, and coming 20 to 30 feet above the Eagle Coal. It was opened again at Coal Prospect No. 986 on Map IV, located on the same fork of Buckhannon, 1.3 miles northwest of Pickens, having an elevation of 2570' B., the thickness of the coal not being known.
These various openings and exposures noted above indicate only a thin bed of coal at the Powellton horizon, that must be classed as too thin for commercial mining.
Eagle Sandstone.
The Eagle Sandstone of Hennen and the writer", belonging over the Eagle Coal, is apparently represented in the Pickens region by a massive, gray ledge, 20 to 40 feet thick. So far as known it has not been quarried.
*Logan-Mingo Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 199; 1914.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 281
Newlon Limestone And Shale.
Just east of the town of Newlon, Banks District, Upshur, a bed of limestone appears in the cut along the Chemical and Helvetia Railroad, that apparently corresponds to no known member of the Pottsville in the northern part of the State and it is therefore called the Newlon Limestone and Shale in this Report. Its appearance there, as observed by the writer, is
as follows:
Ft. In. Shale, dark, sandy, with numerous concretions and large siliceous limestone "turtlebacks",
Newlon Limestone and Shale 25 0
Slate, dark, coaly, Eagle Coal (1915' B.) 0 6
Fire clay, siliceous, to grade 4 0
The Newlon Limestone in its typical appearance at this place bears a striking resemblance to the Eagle Limestone and Shale of the Kanawha Valley, which often segregates into turtle-shaped boulders scattered through the shale, as may be seen in the vicinity of Danville, Boone County, and at other points, and it may represent the same horizon although it comes above what seems to be the Eagle Coal. At Newlon its position in the Kanawha Group is 553 feet below the top of the Homewood Sandstone, as shown by the Section for Newton, page 155, making it about the middle of the Group. A thorough search for fossils was made at Newlon and elsewhere, by both Teets and the writer, but none was found, either in the shale or in the limestone concretions, except at a point along the Right Fork of Buckhannon River, 0.7 mile southeast of Arvondale Junction, where small fossils pronounced by Dr. Price to be Naiadites elongata, a form that is found at various horizons in the Kanawha and New River Groups, were discovered. Hence the vital evidence necessary definitely to correlate it with the Eagle or anything else is still lacking, as it is a well-known fact that limestone concretions of this character are frequently found in shale beds that have a large enough percentage of lime to form them.
The Newlon Limestone does not preserve its typical character over a wide area. It was observed on Left Fork of Right Fork of Buckhannon River, 0.5 mile southwest of Czar, and also at the south edge of the village, where it is a black shale,
282 Stratigraphy — The Pottsville Sies.
5 feet thick, at an elevation of 2170' B. It was also noted in the public road 0.8 mile southwest of Star on the Left Fork of Buckhannon, at an elevation of 2900 B., and at a few other points the outcroppings of the shale were observed.
Eagle Coal.
The Eagle Coal of White* is apparently well represented in the Pickens region, being called locally the "Gimmcl Seam" from the opening on the land of that name along the Buckhannon River north of Pickens. As shown by the section for Silica, page 181, it belongs 580 feet below the Lower Kittanning, an interval that differs but slightly from that found along Holly River, Webster County, where it has an average of about 550 feet below the Kittanning, and where the correlation seems open to little doubt. The character of the coal is much the same, there being a streak of bony coal at the top and a slate parting near the bottom. This coal is minable over a considerable area, sometimes having a thickness of four feet, and its extent, thickness, and chemical character will therefore be taken up in Chapter XI, under the subject of "Coal". Its crop is shown on Maps II and IV wherever it is thought to be of value.
Decota Sandstone.
The Decota Sandstone of Krebs*, belonging a few feet under the Eagle Coal, seems to be present in the Pickens re gion as this place is occupied by a gray, massive sandstone of the usual Kanawha type, its presence being noted in various sections in Chapter IV. So far as known it has not been quarried.
"I. C. White, Bull. 65. TJ. S. G. S., p. 140; 1891; and Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 587; 1903.
"C. E. Krebs, Kanawha Co. Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 292;
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. l263
Eagle Limestone And Shale.
The Eagle Limestone and Shale of White®, coming about 75 feet below the Eagle Coal at its type locality in Fayette County, and having an abundant marine fauna in several of the southwestern counties, is apparently but poorly represented in Randolph. No fossils were found at its horizon but in Middle Fork District, Randolph, a black shale deposit, 15 feet thick, was found on the head of Back Fork of Elk, 0.8 mile southeast of the Parting Springs, that seems to represent it. The shale bed is exposed along the Alexander and Eastern Railroad cut but no fossil forms were certainly identified in it. . The shale appears to belong 35 to SO feet below the Eagle Coal and it is possible that an extended search might reveal the fossils as they have been found as far north as the Elk River in Webster County.
Upper Gilbert Sandstone.
The Upper Gilbert Sandstone of Hennen and the writer", coming a short distance under the Eagle Limestone and Shale, and being apparently well represented across the counties intervening between its type locality in Logan and the territory of this Report, seems to be present generally through the Pickens region. It is gray and massive and 20 to 30 feet thick as shown by various sections in Chapter IV. So far as knowm it has not been quarried.
Gilbert Coal.
The Gilbert Coal of Hennen and the writer®, belonging a few feet under the Upper Gilbert Sandstone, appears to be represented at a few localities in western Randolph. Near the village of Adolph, Middle Fork District, a coal is mined locally along the Middle Fork River, that belongs about 620 feet below the horizon of the Lower Kittanning Coal, and seems to correspond to the Gilbert. In this region it is usually
C. White, Bull. 65, U. S. Geol. Siuey, pp. 140 and 177 1891; and Vol IT, W. Va. GeoL Survey, p. 593; 1903.
"Logan-Mingo Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 217-218; 1914. 'Logan-Mlngo Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 221-222; 1914.
284 Stratigraphy — The Pottsville Series.
iree from partings, medium-hard, and varies from 1 to 2J/2 feet in thickness. Its crop where it is believed to be of value is shown on Map IV, and its areal extent, character, and thickness, together with detailed bed-sections will be discussed in Chapter XI, under the subject of "Coal".
General Description, The New River Group.
The New River Group or Middle Pottsville of White*, occurring in its typical development along the New River in southern West Virginia, is apparently represented by the lower coals of western Randolph, being 300 to 350 feet thick, as shown by the general section of the Pottsville Series, pages 264-6. In its general appearance it is very much like the Kanawha Group above it, having massive gray sandstones, and sandy shales, with coal seams occurring in the shales between the sandstone ledges. The coals, however, are nearly all of the typical, soft. New River type, in contrast to the harder coals of the Kanawha Group, and this feature has been used as the line of distinction between the two groups. It is possible that further detailed study in Webster and Nicholas may cause a revision, but the best information now available would place the base of the Kanawha Group at the bottom of the Gilbert Coal, which has been opened at Adolph, leaving the remaining lower coals in the New River Group.
Description Of Members, New River Group.
Nuttall Sandstone.
The Nuttall Sandstone of I. C. White, described in previous publications of the Survey® as a "great sandstone and conglomerate horizon", forms the top of the New River Group. This member is often split into two distinct cliffs, as explained by Hennen, the name of Nuttall being retained for the upper
C. White. Bull. 65, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 202-3; 1891; and Vol. W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 13 and 179; 1908.
l. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 616; 1903; and Vol pp. 253-254; 1908.
='Rav V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey p. 180; 1915.
West Vircikia Geological Survey. 203
ledge. This member seems to be represented in Randolph by a massive, gray ledge, 10 to 20 feet thick, coming a few feet under the Glbert Coal, but lacks the bold clifF-forming qualities that distinguish it at its type locality in Fayette County.
Lower Nuttall Sandstone.
The Lower Nuttall Sandstone of Hennen' is apparently .separated from the Nuttall in Randolph by only a few feet of sandy shales without any intervening coal horizon. It is a coarse, gray, massive ledge, often making a cliff, 20 to 40 feel thick along the head of the Back Fork of Elk where it has been identified, but lacks the quartz pebbles that distinguish it along the Gauley River through Fayette and Nicholas Counties. In the Back Fork region it belongs 150 to 200 feet above the Sewell Coal.
Hughes Ferry Coal.
The Hughes Ferry Coal of White*, coming just below the Lower Nuttall Sandstone, is present in good development over a considerable portion of western Randolph, where its usual interval above the Sewell Coal is 150 to 175 feet. At Hartridge on the Buckhannon River, where the Sewell Coal was once mined commercially, the Hughes Ferry has been prospected in the mountain immediately above the mine, coming at an interval of 177 feet, hand-level measurement, above the Sewell. Here it is soft, columnar, and 2 feet thick, presenting much the same appearance as at other points in the county where it was identified. Its outcrop, where it is known or believed to be of possible minable thickness, is shown on Map IV, and its areal distribution, thickness, and chemical character, together with detailed bed-sections, will be discussed in Chapter XI, under the subject of "Coal".
"Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report. W. Va. Geol. Surrey, p. 182; 1915.
I. C. White. Vol. W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. £62-263; 1908.
286 Stratigraphy — Tije Pottsville Series.
MIDDLE lAEGER SANDSTONE.
The Middle larger Sandstone of Hennen**, apparently fills the gap between the Hughes Ferry and Lower larger Coals in the Pickens region, being usually IS to 25 feet thick, gray and massive, as shown by various sections in Chapter IV. So far as known it has not been quarried.
LOWER lAEGER COAL.
The Lower larger Coal of Hennen**, coming just under the Middle larger Sandstone, seems to be represented by a thin coal that is noted in some of the diamond drill borings of the Elkhorn Coal Corporation, made in the Hartridge region, the records of which are published in Chapter XI. Its interval below the Hughes Ferry Coal is shown to be 36 feet in the section for Hartridge, published on page 177, and its thickness 1' 6". This coal was also noted by Teets at the James Morgan Exposure, No. 1027C on Map IV, on Bear Camp Run, 1 mile westward from Palace Valley, where it is 1' 6" thick, at an elevation of 2095' B. It was noted on Back Fork of Elk River at the Holly Lumber Company Prospect — No. 1027B on Map IV, located on Zimmerly Run, 1.8 miles south of the Parting Springs, with a thickness of 1' 11" and an elevation of 3120' B. Not enough exposures of this bed were found to class it as a minable coal.
Harvey Conglomerate.
The Harvey Conglomerate of Campbell', belonging a few feet under the Lower larger Coal, is apparently represented in western Randolph by a coarse, gray, massive stratum, 20 to 40 feet thick, but it lacks much of the cliff-forming quality that makes it a conspicuous feature in its type locality in Raleigh County, and it does not carry quartz pebbles. Its presence is noted in some of the sections of Chapter IV. So far as known, it has not been quarried.
V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 190: 1915.
"Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. GeoL Survey, p. 190; 1915.
M. R. Campbell, Raleigh Folio No. 77. TJ. S. Geol. Survey; 1902.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 287
Castle Coal.
The Castle Coal of Hennen", belonging between the Harvey Conglomerate and the Guyandot Sandstone, is apparently represented by a coal that has been prospected on Middle Fork Kiver near Cassity, where, as shown by the section for that place, page 170, there is a coal coming at an interval of 627 feet below the top of the Homewood Sandstone and 124 feet above the Sewell Coal. Here the coal is reported to be 2 to 2y2 feet thick, only one foot of coal being visible at the prospect which had fallen partly shut, and which had an elevation of B., being about 170 feet above Middle Fork River. It is a soft columnar coal similar to the other seams of the New River Group. Its areal distribution, thickness, and chemical character, together wdth detailed bed-sections, will be discussed in Chapter XL
Guyandot Sandstone.
The Guyandot Sandstone of CampbelP® is apparently represented in Randolph by a gray, massive ledge, coming a few feet under the Castle Coal. In the section for Cassity, page 170, it is noted, being 25 feet thick. It is also reported in other sections in Chapter IV, having a thickness of 25 to SO feet. So far as known it has not been quarried.
8Ewell "B" Coal.
The Sewell "B" Coal of Hennen® appears to be represented in Randolph by a coal that, according to Teets, has been opened on the Left Fork of Buckhannon River, 1.1 miles southwest of Star, as shown by the following section :
Elkhom Coal Corporation Prospect — No. 1036 on Map IV.
Pt. In.
Slate, black, visible 8 0
Coal, TOft, Sewell "B" (2740' B.) 2 5
Concealed to Seyvell Coal 47 0
''Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 193-194; 1915.
"M. R. Campbell, Raleigh Folio No. 77, XJ. S. Geol. Survey; 1902.
"Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Qeol. Survey pp. 195-196; 1915.
288 Stratigraphy — The Pottsville Series.
A sample collected from this opening is published under Mine No. 1036 in the table of coal analyses at the end of Chapter XI.
In Chapter IV this coal is noted in some of the sections for this region and in Chapter XI it is recorded in some of the diamond drill borings of the Elkhorn Coal Corporation, At the Davis abd EUdns Prospect (No. 1037 on Map IV), at the head of Hewett Fork of Back Fork of Elk, 2.5 miles northwest of Monterville, Mingo District, Randolph, the coal has been opened at an elevation of ZlTff B., being 25 feet above a nearby opening in the Sewell bed. The prospect showed 2 feet of clean coal and may not have represented the full thickness as it was not dug far into the mountain. It is possible that the Sewell "B" Coal may furnish some valuable fuel in Mingo and Middle Fork Districts, Randolph, although there have not been enough prospects in it to insure that it is continuous over any extensive area.
Lower Guyandot Sandstone.
The Lower Guyandot Sandstone of Hennen'®, belonging a few feet above the Sewell Coal, is apparently represented in Randolph by a massive, gray ledge, 10 to 20 feet thick, that is visible at some of the openings in the coal in the Pickens and Point Mountain regions. So far as known, it has not been quarried.
Hartridge Black Shale.
At the village of Hartridge, on the Left Fork of Buckhannon River, Middle Fork District, Randolph, where the Sewell Coal was formerly mined by Hart Brothers, on land now owned by the Elkhorn Coal Corporation, a black shale, 5 to 6 feet thick, occurs just over the coal, and contains Naiadites elongata fossils in profusion. The shale varies in color from dark-gray to black, the fossils being usually found in hard, black concretions that occur in great numbers scattered throughout the shale. This shale proved to be a valuable aid in
Hay V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 196-197; 1915.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 289
tracing the Sewell Coal, and as it has not been previously named or described, it will be called the Hartridge Black Shale in this Report.
On Mill Creek, 2.6 miles due west of Lee Bell, Huttonsville District, Randolph, the Hartridge Black Shale was observed by Teets and the writer coming immediately over an old mine in the Sewell Coal, and being 5 feet thick, black in color, and having hard, black, fossiliferous concretions, similar to those at Hartridge. The same fossils were observed above the blossom of the Sewell Coal, on the head of Stone Run of Elkwater, 2.8 miles northwest of Monterville, at an elevation of 3475' B., and on Long Run, Middle Fork District, Randolph, 1.7 miles north of Cub ana, 55 feet above the top of the Sewell Coal, Naiadites elongata were found that may be at the same horizon. The same black shale was noted over the coal at numerous points in the Rich Mountain country and it is likely that the fossils could be found at many of these points but they were not found at Hartridge until after many of these mines had already been visited.
In the section for Rowlesburg, Reno District, Prestou County, made by Hennen and the writer and published in the Preston Report, pages 97-101, a black shale is noted just over the Sharon Coal, being 5.6 feet thick, and coming 66 feet above the base of the Pottsville Series. On a recent trip to this locality, made by Hennen, Dr. Price, and the writer, Lingula umbonata and Lingula kanawhensis were found in this shale, and at another shale horizon 91.3 feet above the base of the Pottsville, Lingula umbonata, Naiadites, and Deltopecten flabellum were found, coming above a 3-inch streak of coal that is noted in the Rowlesburg Section. It is the expressed belief of Mr. Hennen that the latter fossil horizon possibly represents the Eagle Limestone and Shale of Kanawha County, as the fossils are similar alhd the soft coal coming 10 feet above the top of the shal is similar in character to the Eagle Coal and typical of those in the lower portion of the Kanawha Group. It is the belief of the writer that the lower fossil horizon at Rowlesburg correlates with the Hartridge Black Shale, as it is only a few feet above the top of the great pebbly cliff rock that forms the base of the Pottsville Series all the way
290 Stratigraphy — The Pottsville Series.
southward along the crest of the Laurel Ridge and Rich Mountain to Hartridge and Mill Creek where the fossils are again found, at an interval of SO to 75 feet above the top of the ledge. Dr. Price reports that the same fossils are found in Maryland just over the Sharon Coal.
Sew Ell Coal.
The Sewell Coal of White's named from Sewell Mountain, Fayette County, and belonging in that locality about 300 feet below the Nuttall Sandstone, and 60 to 80 feet above the Upper Raleigh Sandstone, is the most valuable and persistent seam in the entire Pottsville in Randolph. It is usually a soft columnar coal, 3 to 5 feet thick, and at the base almost always has about one foot of bony or slaty coal which is its main distinguishing feature in the Rich Mountain region. It was studied by Dr. I. C. White several years ago in this region and given the provisional name of "Mill Creek CoaF' together with the statement that it might possibly correlate with the Sewell. This coal has now been traced by Hennen and the writer through Fayette, Nicholas, and Webster, with the result that there seems to be no further doubt as to its identity with the Sewell, and the name of "Mill Creek" can therefore be abandoned. At Mill Creek and Hartridge, it is distinguished by the presence of the black, fossiliferous Hartridge Shale above it and this formation usually accompanies the coal all the way across Webster County where it has been frequently mined. Its position in the series varies from SO to 150 feet above the base of the Pottsville, the great thickness of the sandstone conglomerate at the base often bringing it to the latter figure. The crop of the Sewell Coal is shown on Map IV in those regions where it is believed to be of value, and in Chapter XI it will be discussed in full, with numerous bed-sections and chemical analyses, together with an estimate of its areal extent and tonnage.
I. C. White, The Virginias, pp. 7-16; January, 1885; Bull. 65, U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 197; 1891; and Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 657- 665; 1903.
I. C. White, Vol. W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 238; 1908.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 29I
The evidence offered by the fossiliferous Hartridge Black Shale, and by the presence of a great conglomerate sandstone at the base of the Pottsville, both of which appear at Rowlesburg, Preston County, as mentioned above under the description of the shale, seems to indicate that the Sewell Coal is the Sharon of western Pennsylvania. The writer has traced the great conglomerate ledge all the way along Rich Mountain and Laurel Ridge from Mill Creek to Rowlesburg, finding the very significant fact that no intermediate conglomeratic sandstones occur in this region between the great Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone and the ledge at the base of the Pottsville, the interval between them at Rowlesburg being 83 feet and in the Mill Creek and Hartridge regions about 700 feet. Dr. White's identification of the Mill Creek Coal with the Sewell having proved correct and there being no evidence to dispute that the Sharon Coal is correctly named in the Rowlesburg Section, then the Sharon Coal of Pennsylvania proves to be the Mill Creek Coal of Randolph and the Sewell of Fayette, as long ago claimed by Dr. David White, Chief Geologist of the U. S. Geological Survey, from the evidence of fossil plants.
Welch Sandstone.
The Welch Sandstone of Hennen'*, belonging between the Sewell and Welch Coals, is represented in Randolph by a gray massive ledge 10 to 30 feet thick, as shown by various sections in Chapter IV. So far as known, it has not been quarried.
Welch Coal.
The Welch Coal of White", belonging 60 to 70 feet below the Sewell Coal and 0 to 10 feet above the Upper Raleigh Sandstone at its type locality at Welch, McDowell County, has not been opened in Randolph, so far as known, but its presence in Webster near the Randolph Line would indicate that further prospecting might find it. As observed in Web-
"Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 198; 1915.
C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 666-667; 1903.
292 Stratigraphy — The Pottsville Series.
ster, it is soft, columnar, single-bedded, and from 1 to 4 feel thick. In the section for Waneta, page 182, it is reported 1 foot thick, coming 25 feet below the Sewell Coal.
The Sharon Conglomerate Sandstone of the Pennsylvania geologists is the most conspicuous sandstone ledge of the New River in Randolph. It is the lowest member of the Group, having its base 100 to 150 feet below the Sewell Coal and coming immediately above the Mauch Chunk Reds. Along the summit of Rich Mountain, nearly all the way from West Huttonsville to the gorge of the Tygart Valley River, a distance of fourteen miles, this great white sandstone conglomerate forms the crest of the ridge. On the east side next to river, the soft red shales of the Mauch Chunk crop just under the great ledge and on the west side the measures dip rapidly, soon causing the conglomerate ledge to dip below the mountain slope, so that its principal exposure is along the brow of the escarpment, showing often in both the gaps and on the tops. North of the Tygart Valley, the same ledge forms the crest of the Laurel Ridge which is merely a northward extension of Rich Mountain, and it may be traced all the way through northern Randolph, eastern Barbour, and Preston to Rowlesburg, where the Cheat River again cuts through the range. Throughout all this distance, it preserves its pebbly character, although at the northern end of the Laurel Ridge near Rowlesburg, the ledge is not so thick or the quartz pebbles so large and numerous as at southern points along Rich Mountain. In view of the fact that no other conglomerate ledge is found in the Pottsville of this region below the great Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone, which is separated from the Rich Mountain ledge by an interval of 83 feet at Rowlesburg, and by an expanded interval of about 700 feet at the southern end of Rich Mountain, the writer has no hesitation in declaring his belief that the Rich Motmtain Conglomerate of this region, often so called from its abundant exposure along that range, will prove to be the Sharon Conglomerate of western Pennsylvania. Furthermore, since Dr. White's correlation of the Mill Creek Coal with the Sewell seems
West Virginia Geological Survey. 293
established, then the Rich Mountain or Sharon Conglomerate becomes the Upper Raleigh Sandstone of the southern counties, and the interval between the Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone and the Upper Raleigh, which is only 83 feet at Rowlesburg, has greatly expanded in the southern end of the State.
The Sharon Conglomerate, as observed in the counties of this Report, is a great white sandstone ledge, varying from 30 to 80 feet in thickness, and almost always having great quantities of white quartz pebbles, varying from one-half inch to two inches in diameter. Besides its abundant exposure along the Laurel Ridge and Rich Mountain, it is exposed along the Middle Fork River where the Hiram Anticline crosses below Cassity, and also along the Left Fork of Buckhannon River, where the same anticline crosses between Hartridge and Star. In this region the cliff attains its most notable development in the county, being 75 feet or more in thickness and having pebbles 2 inches in diameter. It is also visible along Mill Creek 2.5 miles west of Lee Bell, where Dr. White calls it the Raleigh Sandstone on page 238 of Volume South of Mill Creek, the ledge rises to the ridge between Mill Creek and Elkwater, forming the summit of Cherry Knob and being visible at numerous points southwestward. Along the southern front of Point Mountain, its horizon is exposed below the Mill Creek (Sewell) Coal.
Chapter Ix.
Stratigraphy— The Mississippianand
Devonian Rocks.
The Mississippian Period.
The Mississippian, or Lower Carboniferous Measures, as commonly classified in the Appalachian region, include the Mauch Chunk, Greenbrier Limestone, and Pocono Sandstone Series. These rocks crop to the surface at only a fewpoints in the area of this Report, making it impossible to study them in detail.
Mauch Chunk Series.
The Mauch Chunk Series, named for its occurrence near the city of that name in eastern Pennsylvania, coming* just below the Pottsville, consists mainly of red shale, with occasional beds of green, or dark shale and a few green, flaggy sandstones, with a thin limestone stratum near the base. Its thickness in northwestern Barbour and northern Upshur, as determined from oil well records, is from 200 to 300 feet, but in western Randolph it thickens to about 600 feet in the region of Rich and Point Mountains.
In Barbour, Map II shows that the series crops in Cove District along Brushy Fork of Teter Creek, east of Valley Furnace, and in Glade District on Mill Run, east of Kirt. In Upshur it does not crop at all, but in Randolph it is exposed along the Tygart Valley River where this stream cuts through the Laurel Ridge and Rich Mountain above Roaring Creek Junction, in Leadsville and Roaring Creek Districts. Just east
West Virginia Geological Survey. 293
of the Laurel Ridge and Rich Mountain, the Mauch Chunk is exposed along the mountain front just below the base of the PottsviHe which forms the ridge nearly all the way. In Middle Fork District, in crops again on the Middle Fork River, 1.5 miles northwest of Cassity, at the point where the Hiram Anticline crosses the river, 30 to 40 feet of the reds being exposed, and the crop extends down the river about one mile and a half. It crops again in the same District on the Left Fork of Buckhannon River at the mouth of Beech Run, being brought above drainage by the same anticline, and only about 50 feet of the top being above drainage. Along the Back Fork of Elk, in Middle Fork and Mingo Districts, it crops again for several miles, but the drainage does not cut tp the base of the series. South of Point Mountain along Valley Fork of Elk and east of Rich Mountain on Mill Creek and Elkwater, the entire series is exposed, being brought above drainage by the southeastward rise of the rocks, and along the latter stream the sandstones are coarser than in any other region noted in the area of this Report, quartz pebbles being frequently found in some of them.
In Chapter IV the partial or entire thickness of the Mauch Chunk Series is noted, either in borings or surface measurements, in the sections for Astor, Bear Knob, Cassity, Century, Cleveland, Craddock, Frenchton, Laurel Branch of Middle Fork, Laurel Ridge, Lost Run of Middle Fork, Newlon, Overfield, Palace Valley, Philippi, Sago, Samp, Stockerts, Sunny Point, and Turkey Run.
Economically, the Mauch Chunk Series amounts to little, except as a soil maker. The sandstones are too shaly or flaggy to be used for building purposes. One of these beds represents the Maxton Oil Sand of the western counties, but, so far as known, it has never produced oil or gas in the counties under discussion. It is possible that the red shales could be used for making brick for paving or building purposes.
No marine fossils were noted in the Mauch Chunk, but fossils are sometimes found in the Little Lime at the base anc? at a few points in southern West Virginia, where the series is greatly expanded, they have been found at other horizons
296 Stratigraphy — The Mississippian And Devonian Rocks.
Greenbrier Limestone.
The Greenbrier Limestone, named for its occurrence along Greenbrier River, West Virginia, and corresponding to the St. Louis, Maxville, and Mountain Limestone of various surrounding State Surveys in the Appalachian Basin, and coming between the Mauch Chunk Shales above and the Pocono Sanastones below, is usually a hard gray limestone stratum, vary ing in the region of this report from 50 feet thick in northern Barbour to about 250 feet in the mountain region of western Randolph. It is characterized by marine fossils in profusion, Crinoids and Brachiopods being among the more prominent types.
In Barbour, as shown by Map II, the Greenbrier crops along Mill Run, 1.5 miles southeast of Kirt, where at the Perry Lawson Quarry, 50 feet of the ledge was visible, the whole formation not being exposed. Here the stone has been used lor agricultural lime with good results, being hard and pure, and carrying marine fossils, among which Crinoids and Derbya were noted. A sample of the lime collected at this point gives the following analysis, according to Hite and Krak :
Percent
Loss on ignition 1 .18
Total 100.38
In Upshur the Greenbrier does not crop at all, but in Randolph its horizon is above drainage in Leadsville and Roaring Creek Districts where the Tygart Valley River cuts through the Laurel Ridge and Rich Mountain, but its presence was not noted there along the railroad cuts north of the river, there being too much debris. East of the summit of these mountains, it crops in a long belt, usually only a short distance below the top of the ridge. In Huttonsville District, the ledge was noted along Mill Creek and Elkwater, and in Mingo District, it was observed along Valley Fork and main Elk, having sandy ledges and bands of red shale between the limestone deposits.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 297
In Chapter IV the Greenbrier Limestone is noted in the sections for Astor, Bear Knob, Century, Cleveland, Craddock Frenchton, Newlon, Overfield, Philippi, Sago, Samp, Stockerts, Sunny Point, and Turkey Run, and in Chapter X, its thickness will be given in several tests for oil and gas.
Economically, the Greenbrier Limestone is a most important horizon. It is adapted to the manufacture of agricultural lime and Portland cement, an'd when crushed makes excellent road macadam or concrete aggregate. In the oil fields of the State, it is known by the drillers as the "Big Lime", forming a valuable "key-rock" on which to base the correlation of the lower oil sands. In some of the southern counties of the State, it has produced some gas and a little oil in regions where it is sandy, but, so far as known, it has not been found productive in the area of this Report.
Pocono Sandstone Series.
The Pocono Sandstones, named from Pocono Mountain, Pennsylvania, and consisting mainly of gray, sandstones and gray shales, with occasional streaks of red, has only a limited crop in the territory of this Report, as shown by Maps II and IV. In Barbour it is exposed along Mill Run, east of Kirt, Glade District, and in Randolph its horizon is above drainage in Leadsville and Roaring Creek Districts, where the Tygart Valley cuts through the mountains. Just east of the Laurel Ridge and Rich Mountain, it crops in a broad belt half-way down the mountain slope, but as this region is out of the bounds of this volume, it was not studied in detail. Along Mill Creek and Elkwater in Huttonsville District its horizon is exposed, and on the latter stream great pebbly boulders of it may be found in profusion, the pebbles being easily distinguished from those of the Pottsville by their flattened, oblong shape, due to sliding friction along an old shore-line. South of Point Mountain in Mingo District, it makes a thick ledge along the Valley Fork of Elk.
The Pocono has been penetrated by several tests for oil and gas, the records of most of which will he published in Chapter X. In Chapter IV it is noted in the sections for Astor, Bear Knob, Century, Cleveland, Craddock, Frenchton,
298 Stratigraphy — The Mississippian And Devonian Rocks.
Newlon, Overfield, Philippi, Sago, Stockerts, Sunny Point, and turkey Run, where its thickness varies from 250 to 450 feet.
Economically the Series is valuable chiefly for the oil and gas horizons that it contains, among which the Big Injun Sandy coming usually at the top of the Series, is the most prolific oil horizon of the State, and the Berea, at the base of the Series, ranks close after the Injun. Some of these sand members have produced gas commercially in Upshur and Barbour, as will be fully discussed in Chapter X.
No marine fossils were noted in the Pocono in either county, and the series does not usually contain them, although their presence has been noted at a few points in the State.
The Devonian Beds.
The Devonian Beds, coming just below the Mississippian, are mapped at only one point in the bounds of this Report, the upper portion being exposed in eastern Barbour, as will be subsequently outlined, only the Catskill and Chemung Series being above drainage.
Catskill Series.
The Catskill Series, coming at the top of the Devonian, and being composed of red or brown sandstones, separated by red or green shales, and usually having a total thickness of 400 to 700 feet, is exposed along Mill Run, Glade District, Barbour, where the eastward rise of the rocks brings it above drainage as shown by Map II. It was not possible to get an accurate measurement of it here, owing to the steep pitch of the rocks, but in Chapter IV, its thickness, either partial or entire, is exhibited by boring records in the sections for Astor, Bear Knob, Century, Cleveland, Craddock, French ton, New Ion, Overfield, Philippi, Sago, Sunny Point, and Turkey Run.
Economically the Catskill Series is of only fair value as a soil maker, but its sandstone members compose the famous Venango or Catskill Group of oil and gas sands, that have produced a large amount of these products in the western counties of the State, the Gordon Sand being the most prolific and ranking, with the Berea, soon after the Big Injun. These members have been pierced by the drill at numerous
West Virginia Geological Survey. 299
tests in Barbour and Upshur, the results in most of them being discouraging, as will be shown by their published records in Chapter X.
So far as known, the Catskill contains no marine fossils, conditions evidently not having been favorable to the growth animal life at the time of its deposition, aerial condition having largely predominated.
Chemung Series.
The Chemung Series of the Devonian, coming just below the Catskill, and consisting of thin flaggy sandstones, hard, fine-grained, and much ripple-marked, separated by thick beds of shale, the whole having a prevailing olive-green color, and a possible thickness of 1200 to 1500 feet, is shown on Map II, only in the same region on Mill Run noted above for the Catskill. The sediments are distinctly marine, there being an abundance of Crinoids, Spirifer, and other types. The boundary between the Catskill and Chemung is sometimes indistinct, as there are occasional streaks of red in the upper portion of the Chemung and green shales are often found in the lower part of the Catskill, but the marine fossils, when found, seem to be positive proof of the Chemung, and often, also, at the top of this series there is a thin bed of conglomeratic sandstone, the quartz pebbles of which have been so much worn by sliding friction on marine beaches that they present a flattened, oblong appearance.
Economicaly, the Chemung Series is of negative quality, making only an indifferent soil, and having no massive ledges suitable for quarrying. It is possible that some of the softer shale beds could be made into a fair grade of brick, but, in general, they are too sandy to mold well. In Eennsylvania some of the sandstone members of the Chemung hold oil and gas, but no commercial production has been found in them in West Virginia, although shows of both oil and gas are occasionally found. The series has been drilled into at various points in the territory of this Report, the records of most of these holes being published in Chapter X. In Chapter IV the Chenung is noted in the sections for Bear Knob, Century, Overfield, Philippi, and Sunny Point.
Part Iii
Mineral Resources
Chapter X.
Petroleum And Natural Gas
Oil And Gas Horizons.
Barbour, Upshur, and the western portion of Randolph are situated just at the eastern edge of the great oil and gas fields of the State. Harrison County, just west of Barbour, has produced both oil and gas in abundance, and the same statement is true of Lewis County, just west of Upshur. In Barbour and Upshur, about fifty wells have been drilled for oil, with the result that numerous oil showings have been found and some of the wells would have made light pumpers if they had been near enough to the pipe-lines to justify their operation, and in two or three localities gas has been louno in commercial quantity. The presence of these small gas pools and showings of oil indicate that others will probably be found, but the numerous dry holes at many intermediate locations indicate that much of the territory in these two counties will be barren. In western Randolph only a few tests have been drilled all of which have been failures, and the close proximity of this region to the Alleghany Mountain uplifts
, where the main oil and gas sands of the State are brought above drainage, indicates that much, if not all, of this territory
West Virginia Geological Survey. 3Oi
has no oil or gas in commercial quantity, as most of the gas has evidently escaped from the sands where their outcropping edges are exposed along the Tygart Valley, and the oil originally in these sediments has probably migrated westward* by gravity down the slope of the rocks toward the great%A.appalachian Geosyncline, which passes through the western pan of the State.
The wells that have been drilled range in depth from only a few hundred feet to nearly 5000 feet in some of the recent holes. Throughout most of Barbour and Upshur, the known producing horizons of the State may be drilled through at less than 2500 feet and the deep tests that have been made were intended to test for lower sands that have been productive in parts of Pennsylvania and Ohio. Drilling is usually done with cable tools, three strings of casing being generally used, 10-inch, and 65-inch, the latter being set in the Big Lime. When water or caving shales are found below the Big Lime, it is necessary to set an additional string of 5 3-16-inch at some lower level.
Some shows of oil and gas have been found in the Pennsylvanian, but most of it occurs in the Pocono Sandstone Series of the Mississippian, and in the Catskill Series at the top of the Devonian. At least one well (No. 10 on Map II) has made some gas from a horizon far below the base of the Catskill. The Big Lime has not produced oil and gas in commercial quantity in either county, although shows of boil have been found in it at several points. Salt water is usually found in abundance in the great sandstones of the Pottsville. and it also occurs at some localities in the Big Injun Sand just below the Big Lime, but below the Big Injun it is not often, if ever, recorded in these counties.
The following classification of the various oil and gas sands of the State, taken with slight revisions from former Reports of the Survey gives not only the sands that have produced shows of oil and gas in Barbour and Upshur (printed in black type), but also the other known productive
horizons of other counties and some that have produced oil
' "I
See Monongalia-Marion-Taylor Report, p. 388; and Lewis-Gilmer Report, p. 176.
Petroleum And Natural Gas.
m northwestern Pennsylvania and that seem to be presc' iii some of the deep wells of this Report :
Oil and Gas Horizons of West Virginia.
Monongahela Series.
Conemaugh Series.
Allegheny Series
Pottsville Series
Minshall Sand (Connellsvllle). Murphy Sand (Morgantown). Moundsville Sand (Saltsburg). First Cow Run (Little Dunkard) Sand
Gas Sand of Marion and Monongalia Counties (Lower Freeport).
Second Cow Run of Ohio (Homawood). Gas Sand of Cairo. Salt Sand of Cairo. Cairo?
Gas Sand of Rosedale. Salt Sand of Rosedale (Sharon Conglomerate).
Mauch Chunk Red Shale C Maxton, Dawson, Cairo.
Greenbrier Limestone "Big Llme'\ not generally productive.
Keener Sand and Beckett Sand of
Milton. Big Injun Sand. Squaw Sand. Weir Sand. Berea Sand.
f Gantz Sand. I Fifty-foot Sand.
Thirty.foot Sand.
Gordon Stray Sand.
Gordon Sand.
Fourth Sand.
McDonald or Fifth Sand.
Bayard or Sixth Sand.
Elizabeth or Seventh Sand.
r Warren First Sand. I Warren Second Sand. I Clarendon or Tiona Sand. I Speechiey Sand. Chemung and Portage Beds.. Balltown or Cherry Grove Sand.
I Sheffield or Cooper Sand. I Benson, Bradford? or Deer Lick Sand. J Elk or Waugh and Porter Sand. ( Kane Sand.
Pocono Sandstones
Catskill Red Beds
West Virginia Geological Survey. 303
In the table above a correction is made in the position of the "Gas Sand" of Marion and Monongalia Counties which is placed ip the Allegheny Series where it belongs, instead of at the top of the Pottsville where it has been incorrectly placed in several previous Reports, due to a typographical error that was carried through several volumes. A correction is also made by placing the name of Buffalo Sandstone after the Little Dunkard Sand, instead of after the Moundsville, where it appeared, through error, in the Lewis-Gilmer Report. The names and succession of the sands of the Chemung and Portage Beds are taken from the table of the late F. H. Oliphant who classified them in northwestern Pennsylvania and western New York, the Benson Sand being a new title. Several of these lower sands were found in some of the deep wells noted in the present Report and their tentative correlation is suggested in the records as they appear on subsequent pages of this Chapter.
In Barbour and Upshur, oil and gas shows have been found in sands ranging between the Second Cow Run and the Benson. Above and below these two sands no productive horizons are known to have been found.
In the following table, the approximate intervals of the various sands from the three principal "key-rocks", the Pittsburgh Coal, Lower Kittanning Coal, and top of the Big Lime, are given for several localities. In Barbour the intervals for Philippi are very near the truth for all of the northern and western parts of the county. In the southern end, near Belington, no holes have been drilled for oil or gas and no intervals can be given. In Upshur the intervals recorded for Buckhannon are adapted for all the northwestern part of the county, including the Stonecoal Gas Field, and those for Queen should fit the northwestern portion of Randolph as well as eastern Upshur. No intervals are given from the Pittsburgh Coal horizon in those regions where it is far above the hilltops and the Lower Kittanning has been used as the "keyrock" for the structure contours on Maps II and IV. Blacks faced type indicates that the sand is above the "key-rock"
'See Vcri. W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 84-85; 1904.
Petroleum And Natural Gas.
f
named at the top of the column and plain type indicates that it is below the "key-rock":
Table of Oil and Gas Sand Intervals.
(B lack-faced type indicates that the sand is above the "key-rock" at the top of the column, and roman type indicates that it is below the "key-rock").
Buckhannon.
Queen.
Craddock i
Frenchton
Sand.
o O
/a
Cq
bo
s
B
S o
Oi
o
o
u
Ph
to
B
to
n
o
p. o
to a
"S
e
s
go
1"
B
be
o
p.
bo
s
g
1"
B
to
S
o
o
to
§
feO
o
B
to
m
O
o,
o
Carroll
Minshall
Murphy
Moundsville
First Cow Run. . . .
Big Dunkard
Burniner SDrinKS. . .
Gas. of Marion. . . .
Second Cow Run. . Gas of Cairo. . . .
Salt, of Cairo
Gas of Rosedale . . Salt, of Rosedale . . Maxton
Tilttle Lime
Big Lime
Keener
Big Injun
SQuaw '
iieo
Weir
Berca
Gantz
1 4501 1725 500M1825 62'5ill950 675112000 750! 2075 800II2150 875l!2225 9501 2300
425I!2000 625!I2075 600!'2150
Gordon Stray
Gordon
Fourth
Fifth '
Sixth
Seventh
Warren First
2800 2050'1250( 28501 (30001225011 4501 3100! 3200'?450ll650r3350 3500-2750119501137001
Warren Second. . . .
"I
Clarendon
'
Speechley
,
Ballli'wn '
Sheffield
Elk
Kane
!
In the above table, no figures are given for the Gas and Salt Sands of Cairo as they could not be definitely identified in the numerous Pottsville sands among which they belong.
. West Virginia Geological Survey. 305
No figures are given for the Keener Sand because it is seldom found separate from the Big Injun in this territory.
Description Of Sands.
The sands of the Monongahela, Conemaugh, and Allegheny Series, have proved to be productive only in the western part of the State where the strata dip to a low structural level. Nothing has been found in them in Barbour and Upshur, and since they are so near or above the surface at most localities, nothing is likely to be found in them. Their description is accordingly omitted from this Report.
Sands Of The Pottsville Series.
Second Cow Run Sand. — The Second Cow Run Sand, named from Cow Run in Ohio, where it produces oil and gas m large quantities, is the highest member of the Pottsville Series. It has been called by various names in different localities, often being known simply as the "First Salt", and some times being confused with the "Gas Sand" of Marion. It belongs 750 to 800 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, and 10 to 50 feet below the Lower Kittanning, and is 25 to 75 feet thick. It made a show of gas in the Chas. M. Hyre No. 2656 (63) Well, at Frenchton, but nothing except salt water is known to have been found in it elsewhere.
Gas and Salt Sands of Cairo and Cairo Sands. — Two or three members of the Pottsville Series hold oil and gas in the vicinity of Cairo, Ritchie County, and these sands are doubtless present in Barbour and Upshur, but they have not been certainly traced through the intermediate counties, the drillers usually recording them as the Salt Sands.
Gas Sand of Rosedale. — The "Gas Sand" of Rosedale, belonging, at its type locality, 1500 to 1525 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal and about 750 feet below the Lower Kittanning, is probably one of the producing horizons of the Lewis County Panhandle next to Upshur and may contain some oil and gas in the Little Kanawha region of southwestern Upshur. This sand possibly correlates with the Lower Guyandot Sandstone
306 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
of the Pottsville Series. It usually contains large quantities of salt water.
Salt Sand of Rosedale.— The Salt Sand of Rosedale, coming about 1625 feet below the Pittsburgh or 850 feet below the Lower Kittanning Coal at Rosedale, and being the bottom member of the Pottsville Series, is probably identical with the great Sharon or Rich Mountain Conglomerate oi Randolph. In Upshur and Barbour, its interval below the Lower Kittanning increases rapidly with the southward expansion of the Pottsville, as shown by the table of oil and gas sand intervals. It contains salt water in abundance and is probably the horizon that made oil in the Wm. Meams No. 1 (76) WeU, in Banks District, Upshur.
Sand8 Of The Mauch Chunk Series.
Maxton Sand. — The Maxton Sand, which is the only horizon of the Mauch Chunk that has produced oil or gas in considerable quantity, is usually a fine-grained bed coming 50 to 100 feet above the top of the Big Lime and being 10 to 50 feet thick. So far as known, it has not produced oil or gas commercially in Barbour and Upshur, but has made shows of both in several wells.
Little Lime. — The Little Lime belongs almost at the base of the Mauch Chunk Series and is separated from the Big Lime by only a few feet of shale known to the drillers as the Pencil Cave. It has made no show of oil or gas in either county, and is useful mostly as a marker for the Big Lime.
Sands Of The Greenbrier Limestone Series.
Big Lime. — The Big Lime, or Greenbrier Limestone, belonging in western Barbour and northern Upshur, about 1600 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, is a hard, gray stratum, SO to 200 feet thick, and usually barren of oil and gas, although it has produced shows of both at several points. It is of great value as a "key-rock" for the sands below it, as it can always be recognized and the intervals to the sands below are fairly constant over wide areas.
West Virginia Geological Survey. ' 3O7
Sands Of The Pocono Sandstone Series.
Keener Sand. — The Keener Sand, coming at the top of the Pocono and usually directly underlying the Big Lime, is usually considered to be only a split off the top of the Big Injun. When distinguished from the latter sand in the well records, it is usually 25 to 30 feet thick. So far as known it has made no show of oil or gas in either Barbour or Upshur. Tt is seldom noted as a distinct horizon in these counties.
Big Injun Sand. — The Big Injun Sand, usually directly imderlying the Big Lime but sometimes separated from it by the Keener Sand and a streak of shale, is probably the most valuable oil sand of the State. It varies from 50 to 100 feet in thickness and is usually a coarse, pebbly stratum, w*ith an ideal structure for holding oil and gas. In Barbour and Upshur, it has exhibited shows of oil at several points and has produced gas in considerable quantity in the Craddock field of Upshur, but is generally barren. Along the synclines it sometimes holds salt water.
Squaw Sand. — The Squaw Sand, being usually 25 to 50 feet thick, and separated from the Big Injun by 10 to 5C feet of shale, is not generally productive. In Baibour it marl a show of oil in the T. O. Martin No. 1 (15) Well.
Weir Sand. — The Weir Sand, which produces oil at Blue Creek, Kanawha County, appears to come below the Squaw (but may be identical with it — I. C. W.) and a short distance above the Berea and about 350 feet below the top of the Bi,": Lime. It is usually not more than 25 to 30 feet thick and is often absent entirely. So far as known it has not made oil or gas in Barbour and Upshur.
Berea Sand. — The Berea Sand, belonging at the base of the Pocono, and 350 to 500 feet below the top of the Big Lime, is one of the most persistent oil and gas horizons of the State, and probably offers more hope of commercial oil and gas than any other sand likely to be found in Barbour and Upshur. It has produced some gas in both counties and has made creditable showings of oil in wells that could have been profitably pumped if they had been near enough ti3 pipe-lines. The sand varies from 10 to 40 feet in thickness.
308 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
8And8 Of The Cat6Kill Beds.
The sands of the Catskill are distinguished generally trequent beds of red shale between the various sandy members and by a brownish-red color of the sands themselves. Most of them are lenticular, often thinning out completely in a distance of a few hundred feet. There are usually 8 to 10 different sands in the entire series, varying from 10 to 40 feet in thickness, and as they are all of the same physical appearance, it is often difficult to identify the different members with certainty in regions where a large number of well records are not available. They are usually non-water-bearing.
Gantz Sand. — The Gantz Sand, coming near the top of the Catskill and separated from the Berea Sand by only a thin bed of red or brown shale, is frequently not found at all in Barbour and Upshur, and, so far as known, has not made any showings of oil or gas, except in the Sherman Heirs No. 2 (83) Well, at Craddock, where it made a little oil. although in some well records the drillers have incorrectly identified the Berea with the Gantz. The Gantz belongs 400 to 550 feet below the top of the Big Lime and varies from 5 to 25 feet in thickness.
Fifty-foot Sand. — The Fifty-foot Sand, coming next below the Gantz and 450 to 600 feet below the top of the Big Lime, varies in thickness from 10 to 50 feet, and is usually found where its horizon has been pierced in the two counties. It has made shows of gas in several wells.
Thirty-foot Sand.— The Thirty-foot Sand, coming 500 to 650 feet below the top of the Big Lime, is usually found in the borings, being 10 to 30 feet in thickness. It is one of the gas-producing horizons of the Stonecoal Gas Field in Upshur and has made showings elsewhere.
Gordon Stfay Sand. — The Gordon Stray Sand, belonging 600 to 700 feet below the top of the Big Lime, is usually 10 to 25 feet in thickness and like all the other Catskill sands, is lenticular in its occurrence. In the James R. White No. 1 (52) Well, in the Stonecoal Field, it made a show of oil.
Gordon Sand. — The Gordon Sand, which, together with the Berea, ranks after the Big Injun in the value of its oi' and gas production in the State, belongs 650 to 750 feet be-
West Virginia Geological Survey. 3O9
low the top of the Big Lime, and varies in thickness from 5 to 30 feet. It is one of the gas-producing horizons of the Stonecoal and Frenchton Fields and has made some slight shows of oil.
Fourth Sand. — The Fourth Sand comes next below th Gordon and belongs 700 to 800 feet below the top of the Big Lime, being from 10 to 30 feet in thickness. It has made some gas and showings of oil at various points in both counties.
McDonald or Fifth Sand.— The McDonald or Fifth Sand, which belongs ISO to 175 feet below the top of the Gordon and 800 to 900 feet below the top of the Big Lime, is one of the great gas-producing horizons of the neighboring counties of Lewis and Harrison. Like the other Catskill Sands, it is lenticular, but when present it varies in thickness from 10 to 40 feet. It has been recorded in most of the wells that have pierced its horizon in both counties and has made some gas and a few showings of oil.
Bayard or Sixth Sand. — The Bayard or Sixth Sand comes next below the Fifth, and belongs 850 to 950 feet below the top of the Big Lime, and 175 to 225 feet below the top of the Gordon. It is very lenticular, often not being found at all, but when present is from 5 to 20 feet in thickness. It made a show of gas in the Jacob Krise No. 1 (51) Well, in the Stonecoal Field.
Elizabeth or Seventh Sand. — The Elizabeth or Seventh Sand, coming at the base of the Catskill, and 900 to 1000 feet below the top of the Big Lime and 250 to 300 feet below the top of the Gordon, is not usually found, and little evidence is available regarding its thickness and character beyond the fact that it is a lenticular horizon of the usual Catskill type. It has been questionably identified in a few wells, but, so far as known, has made no showings of oil or gas.
m
Sands Of The Chemung And Portage Beds.
Little definite knowledge is available regarding the sands of the Chemung and Portage Beds in Barbour and Upshur beyond the fact that several deep wells recently drilled in southern Taylor and western Barbour have found sands be-
3Io Petroleum And Natural Gas.
low the Catskill or Venango Group. These sands must necessarily belong with the deep-sand horizons of northwestern Pennsylvania and western New York, but owing to the wide intervening territory where they have seldom been found they can not be correlated with certainty. In the detailed well records published on subsequent pages, tentative identifications are suggested, based on similar intervals as found in northwestern Pennsylvania. In the J. C Benson No. 3612 (10) Well, in western Barbour, some gas was obtained in what appears to be the Bradford? (Benson) Sand, coming 2855 feet below the top of the Big Lime and 4371 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal but termed the Benson Sand in this Report. In eastern Upshur a show of gas was found in the J. K. P. Koon Heirs No. 1 (59) Well, that seems to be in the Speechley Sand, coming 1715 feet below the top of the Big Lime, 3000 feet below the horizon of the Lower Kittanning Coal, and approximately 3775 feet below where the Pittsburgh Coal would belong if the hills were high enough to contain it. At Buckhannon a show of gas has been recently found in the F. & O. Leonard No. 7151 (43A) Well in what seems to be the Balltown Sand, coming 2349 feet below the top of the Big Lime.
Sands Of The Lower Devonian.
In recent years a determined eflFort has been made by some of the large gas companies in West Virginia and Pennsylvania to drill to the sands of the Lower Devonian and Silurian that produce oil and gas in abundance in Ohio and Indiana, and that would underlie the known productive sands of West Virginia by an interval of several thousand feet of barren sandy shales. Up to the present time only a few of the upper members of this lower group of sands have been pierced by the drill, the results being negative, owing to the fact that most of the deep wells have been drilled in regions where mountain folding has been severe enough to fracture the strata and permit the hydrocarbons to escape. In Randolph County, the P. C. Daniels No. 1 (92) Well, located along a great mountain anticline near Beverly and starting somewhere near the base of the Chemung Series, made some shows of oil and gas, but the detailed record is not available.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 3Ii
The Alonzo W. Murphy No. 1 (91) Well, drilled just vest of Montrose along the same anticline, also made a little gas, but its detailed record is not available. The Parsons Pulp and Lumber Company Well, drilled at Parsons, Tucker County, approximately 20 miles eastward from Philippi, starts well down toward the base of the Chemung, and reached the Corniferous Limestone at 3825-3845 feet, finding a pocket of gas at 3830 feet. The Oriskany Sandstone was found at 3980- 4060, and contained salt water but no oil or gas, the total depth of the hole being 4250 feet.
The following table gives a list of the lower productive sands of Ohio, together with their probable thickness and depth below the Big Lime in central West Virginia:
Probable Depth from Deep Sands of Ohio Top of "Big Lime" of
W. Va.. Central W. Va. . Feet.
Comlferous Limestone 5700
Oriskany Sandstone 5750
Helderberg, Salina, and Niagara ("Big Lime" of
Trenton Limestone 8200
Well Records And Prospective Areas,
Barbour County.
Early History.
Probably the first well in Barbour was the Jesse Varnoy No. 1 (30), located on Sugar Creek just sorth of Vannoys Mill, and drilled to a depth of 600 feet, according to Hon. A. G. Dayton and others, who state that the well was originally drilled for salt water, which was secured in sufficient quantity to start a small refinery to supply local demand. Soon after the owners had begun to boil the brine a thick, greasy substance appeared in the water, evidently crude oil, that ruined the salt, and the well was abandoned. W. M, Bolton and other near-by residents state that a small gas flame can still be had from the well by inserting a pipe to a depth of a few feet through the surface mud at the top of the hole..
312 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
No further drilling has been attempted in the vidnity of the Vannoy well, but about the year 1900 or 1902 two wells were drilled at Philippi, one at Meriden, and one near Elk City on Elk Creek, all of which were deep tests. Some shows of oil and gas were secured, but the results on the whole were discouraging and drilling was abandoned for several years. Latejy several wells have been drilled in the western part of the County, some of which are now producing gas.
Summarized Well Records, Barbour County.
The following table, compiled from the detailed records of wells in Barbour, is intended to exhibit at a glance the most important data regarding all the wells listed in the county, giving not only the serial numbers by which their positions are fixed on Map II, but also the tidal elevations, depth to the Lower Kittanning Coal, depth to the principal sands, total .depth, and producing sands. The detailed records are published on subsequent pages and the index should be consulted to find the record 6i any particular well desired. The detailed records of several wells could not be secured, and some of these are not mentioned elsewhere in the text as this table contains all the available information. Unfortunatelv some of the most interesting tests in the County were drilled with little or no attempt being made to keep a record or else the records have been entirely lost or destroyed. Throughout the text all wells when mentioned are accompanied by the serial numbers in parentheses, so that their positions on Mzy II may be readily found. In. the column naming the owner, an attempt has been made to secure the names of the present owners of the leases rather than the original drillers, in cases where the wells are being actively operated, as some of the wells have been acquired by the large gas companies from small operators and have been given serial numbers shown irfhe name column, which could not have been used in this Report had the original owners been named. Throughout the text the original operator is mentioned in connection with the detailed record in all cases wher this information is available. In the elevation column the letter "B" following a figure indicates an elevation secured by aneroid barometer checked on
Sfi
If
sari's
ogg
1;
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Spirit-levels, and the letter "h" indicates a hand-level determir-** nation from a bench mark near by. All depths are expressed in feet. The following abbreviations of company names have been used in the table:
Constant Constant Oil Company.
Elk Creek Elk Creek OH & Qua Company.
Greensboro Greenboro Gaa Company.
Gum Spring Gum Spring Oil & Gas Company.
Hardin Bros Jlardln Brothers.
Hope Hope Natural Gas Company.
Maxwell et al Porter Maxwell and others.
O'Neal O'Neal Oil & Gas Company.
Tri-State tTri-State Gas Company.
T. V. Min Tygarts Valley Mineral & Oil Company.
W. Va. Central West Virginia Central Gas Company.
Under the producing sand column, all shows of oil and gas are listed, the following abbreviations being used for the various sands :
L. D Uttle Dunkard.
B. D Big Dunkard
Gas Ss Gas Sand.
II Cow R Second Cow Run.
Max Maxton.
L. Ldn Little Ldme.
B. Lm 3ig L4me.
Knr Keener.
B. I Big Injun.
Gnz Gantz.
Stray Gordon Stray.
Gord Gordon.
4th Fourth.
5th Fifth or McDonald.
6th Sixth or Bayard.
7th Seventh or Elizabeth.
Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Summarized Record of Tests
o
o Z
Farm Name and Number.
Magisterial District.
Owner.
e o
Geo. Lancaster No. 678
Thurman Cole No. 1
Simon Johnson No. 1
Guy Cleavengcr No. 1
Fleming Coal & Coke Co. No. 1
Pittsvein Coal Co. No. 1
Julia Hall No. 1
J. C. Benson No. 3612
Ira C. Post No. 1
Ira C. Post No. 2
Porter Maxwell No. 8869
Taylor Ward No. 1
T. O. Martin No. 1
L. D. Kerr No. 1
E. D. Talbott Heirs No. 1
Hall Coal Co. No. 1
Lucinda McDaniel Heirs No. 1
Absalom Knotts No. 1
Russell S. Hauser No. 1
Russell McCartney No. 1
Daniel Sinclair No. 1
Andrew Miller No. 1
Hardin Bros. No. 1
Alex. Summers No. 1
Bedford Campbell No. 1
R. M. Nestor No. 1
Jesse Vannoy No. 1
Pleasant
Pleasant
Pleasant
Elk
Elk
Elk
Union
Union
Union
Philippx
Philippi
Philippi
Knottsville (Taylor). Knottsville (Taylor). Knottsville (Taylor). Knottsville (Taylor).
Cove
Cove
Cove
Cove
Cove
Glade
Tri-State Hope . . . Constant
Elk Creek
Hope
Maxwell et al
Maxwell et al
Hope
O'Neal
Randolph & Davis. W. Va. Central . . .
T. V. Min
T. V. Min
Hall Coal Co
Hardin Bros
Greensboro
Greensboro
Greensboro
J. G. Wolf
Hardin Bros
Hardin Bros
Gum Spring
Frank Anderson . .
1080B lOlOB 1076B 1050B 1086B 1160B 1880B 1816 B 1310B 1460B 1480B 1680B 1816B 1296B 1880B 1586B
In addition to the abbreviated records of the table, al' available detailed logs will be given in the following pages, except such as have been used in connection with the sectior.s of Chapter IV, to which reference will be made in their proper serial sequence. These records show, as far as could be obtained, all the sands and formations encountered, as well as coal seams, water horizons, casing, and pressure records. Some of the records are defective, lacking many important horizons that should have been noted, but some of the others are exceptionally good. In all cases an attempt has beta made to give the proper correlation of the various sands, the comparative information at hand being much more complete than can be had by the driller.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
for Oil and Gas
in Barbour County.
Lower
' Kittanning Coal.
a 0
a
S
Os
go.
0
a
Producinff Sand and Remarks.
d
§
1
Dry hole. . ." 1.
Salt, gas show
Salt, gas show
Salt, gas show
3019H 2200 ? 2200 ? 2250 ? 3200 ? 1800 ? 1300 ? 2500 ? 3000 ? 1600 ?
B. I. oil show
'
B. L gas show
II Cow Run, gas show
Dry hole :
Gas ss., B. Lm., B. I., Berea, SpeechleyC?), Benson, gas.. B. Lm. oil show, B. I. ? oil and gas show
B. I. ? gas show 1. . .
Oil and gas show
isio
Squaw oil show 1. .,
B. Lm. oil, B. I. oil and gas show
Berea, oil and gas show
Dry hole.
'976
isso
Dry hole .' .,
Gas show. 1210': Benson Sand, oil show. 3911'
Light gas, Maoc 1. .,
Gas show. 2425'. in Warren ? ss
Dry hole 1
Berea. light Ras: Gord. oil show
9 i
Berea, gas show : Gord. oil show
Oil show
Dry hole .
Light oil
Oil and gas show 1. .,
DETAILED WELL RECORDS AND PROSPECTIVE AREAS, PLEASANT DISTRICT, BARBOUR.
Pleasant District is situated in the northwestern corner of Barbour next to Harrison and Taylor and is traversed in its western end by the Ligonier Syncline which runs across it in a north and south direction. Viewed from a structural standpoint, the western part of the District looks favorable for oil, but the three wells drilled there found nothing in com raercial quantity, and other wells in the edge of Harrison and Taylor showed nothing better. The following record is that of a well located just west of the Barbour Line. The record has been published in a former Report of the Survey* in con-
Ray V. Hennen, Doddridge-Harrison Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 120, 1912.
3l6 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS.
nection with a. geological section but its close proximity to Barbour make it of pertinent interest here :
J. G. Bender (M. J. Coplin Heirs) No. 1 WeK Record (1).
Simpson District, Harrison County; on Brushy Fork of ESlk Creek,
mile southwest of Grassland; authority, Tri-State Gas Company; elevation, lOSlX B.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
Coal, Harlem 150 154
Coal, Brush Creek. 332 334
Sandstone, Big Dunkard 355 385
Sandstone, Gas Sand of Marion 450 510
Ume 1240 1260
Red rock and slate 1250 1265
Lime 1265 1273
Slate 1273 1283
Red rock 1283 1288
Big Lime 1288 1365
Sand, Big Injun 1365 1470
Slate and lime shells 1470 1700
Sand, Berea 1711 1724
Slate 1724 1745
Sand, Gantz and Fifty-foot 1745 1782
Slate and shells 1782 2000
Red rock 2000 2245
Sand, Fifth, broken 2247 2279
Red rock 2279 2310
Slate and shells 2310 2750
Slate, white .2750 2820
Slate and shells 2820 2950
Lime, with occasional break of slate 3320 3450
Slate and shells, to bottom 3450 4028
"Changed to wire line at 2530'."
The gas at 2950 feet might be in a shell or remnant of the Speechley Sand, or possibly the Clarendon above it, as it interval from the Pittsburgh Coal would be about 3125 feet.
The following record, published in the Doddridge-Hnrnson Report, page 536, was a dry hole, but shows a sand at 3237 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal that Mr. Hennen has called the Speechley:
West Virginia Geological Survey. 317
George Lancaster No. 1 Well Record (2).
Simpson District, Harrison County; on Pigtail Run, 1.8 miles northeast of Grassland; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; elevation, 1365' B.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Peet,
Coal, Pittsburgh 42 48
Sand, Dunkard 568 600
Gas Sand of Marion 675 710
Sand, Mazton 1030 1090
Big Lime? 1270 1340
Sand, Big Injun? 1340 1480
Sand, Squaw? 1778 1820
Sand. Fifty-foot 2020 2045
Sand, Thirty-foot 2070 2085
Sand, Fourth 2355 2375
Ldme and shells 2500 3000
' Lime, sand, and shells 3000 3280
Sand, (salt water at 3295'), Speechley? 3285 3310
Black slate 3310 3320
Hard lime 3320 3340
Black slate 3340 3371
10" casing, 270'; 8%" casing, 1400'. Dry hole.
The driller has evidently made a mistake in identiyin. the Big Lime and Big Injun, as the Big Lime in this region belongs 1450 to 1500 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal.
The following well, the record of which was furnished the Survey by Mr. Perry Thompson, of Fairmont, West Virginia, and was formerly published by Dr. Whit') in Volume page 348, was located only a short distance west of the Ligonier Syncline, but showed no oil. The hole starts about 125 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal :
Thurman Cole No. 1 Well Record (3).
Pleasant District; on West Branch of Simpson Creek, 2.1 miles north of Pepper; authority. Constant Oil Company; elevation, 1135' B.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
Sand, Big Dunkard 400 490
Sand, Salt 1000 1050
Limestone shells and unrecorded 1050 1250
Sand, Maxton 1250 1310
Big Lime 1310 1385
Sand, Big Injun 1385 1505
Sand, Berea 1800 1810
Slate and shells 1810 1850
Sand, Fifty-foot, to bottom 1850 1915
318 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
The above well was reported to have made a show of gas from the Salt Sand, but as this formation is not named in the record, the report may be taken as somewhat doubtful.
The Simon Johnson No. 1 (4) Well, drilled by unknown parties on West Branch of Simpson Creek, 2 miles north of Pepper and just south of the Cole well, was abandoned as a dry hole. It was completed about 1907 or 1908, and is reported to have been drilled about 900 feet deep and to have made a show of gas in the Salt Sand.
The Guy Clcavenger No. 1 (5) Well, drilled by unknown parties, on West Branch of Simpson Creek, 2.2 miles north of Pepper, and only a short distance east of the Cole and Johnson wells, and completed at about the same time as the Johnson well, was reported to have been drilled about 900 feet deep and to have made a show of gas in the Salt Sand.
The Fleming Coal and Coke Company No, 1 (6) Well, drilled by unknown parties, on Simpson Creek, one mile south of Flemington, Flemington District, Taylor, was completed in 1899, and made a show of oil in the Big Injun Sand but was abandoned as a dry hole. Its total depth is reported as 2500 feet.
The following well, drilled about 2j4 miles north of the Barbour Line, was formerly published by Dr. White in Volume page 340, of the Survey, under the name of Flemington Coal Company, the former owners. The record is much more detailed than any other along this part of Barbour and is here republished in full. It starts 22 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal :
Pittsvein Coal Company No. 1 Well Record (7).
Flemington District, Taylor County; on a branch of Simpson Creek, 0.7 mile northeast of Flemington Station; authority, Pittsvein Coal Company; elevation, 1183' L.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Conductor 13 13
Sand 15 28
Slate 26 53
Limestone 20 73
Red rock 59 132
Limestone 15 147
Slate, light 20 167
West Virginia Geological Survey. 319
Thickness. TotaL
Llniestone 20 187
Red rock 30 217
Ldmestone 10 247
Sand, white 40 287
Slate, black 13 300
Coal, Hariem 8 308
Slate, white 6 313
Ldmestone 7 320
Slate, white 16 836
Limestone 10 346
Slate, white 20 366
Sand 26 391
Slate, black 10 401
Red rock 35 436
Slate, white 30 466
Limestone 6 472
Slate, pink 52 524
Slate, white 18 542
Sand, white, Big Dunkard 62 604
Limestone 15 619
Slate 36 654
Limestone 60 704
Sand 41 745
Limestone 6 751
Sand, white 24 775
Sand, black 30 805
Sand, white. Second Cow Run. 35 840
Slate, black 10 850
Sand, white. Salt 30 880
Slate 30 910
Sand 72 982
Sand, white 79 1073
Slate, black 50 1123
Limestone, black 12 1135
Sand, white, Salt Sand of Rosedale 23 1158
Slate 6 1164
Red rock 141 1305
Limestone, sandy 24 1329
Red rock 128 1457
Limestone 6 1463
Red rock 10 1473
Limestone 10 1483
Slate 10 1493
Limestone, Big Lime 82 1575
Red rock 10 1625
Sand 30 1655
Red rock 15 1670
Sand, Squaw 40 1710
Slate and shells 60 1770
Sand, broken and shelly. Weir and Berea... 100 1870
Slate and shells 110 1980
Sand, Fifty-foot 115 2095
320 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Thickness. Total.
Slate 10 2105
Sand 20 2125
Red rock 16 2140
Sand, Thirty-foot 30 2170
Red rock 54 2224
Red rock and shells 160 2380
Slate and shells 66 2485
Sand, Bayard 25 2460
Slate 16 2475
Sand, Elizabeth, and limestone 25 2500
Red rock and shells 50 2550
Limestone and sand 20 2570
Slate and shells to bottom 449 3019
The show of oil in well No. 6 and the show of gas in No. 7 assume a new significance in view of a well recently completed on the Scrannage farm in Booths Creek District, Taylor, a short distance southeast of McGee, 5 or 6 miles northeast of the Pittsvein well and along the same syncline. This well has been flowing several barrels of oil daily from the Big Injun Sand, the gravity of which is reported as Baume.
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas, Pleasant District. — That portion of Pleasant District west of the Ligonier Syncline seems to have been tested sufficiently to show that it is not likely to contain oil and gas in quantity, but the central and eastern parts of the District have had no tests and offer some hope of production. The following territory is suggested; (1) The head of Pleasant Creek and that portion of Simpson Creek lying between the Ligonier Syncline and Berryburg might hold a pool of Big Injun oil, as some oil was found in the M. Rector No. 1 Well, located on Berkeley Run, l.S miles north of Webster, Court House District, Taylor County, as published in a former Report*. No intervening tests have been drilled on this side of the syncline between the Rector well and Simpson Creek. (2) That portion of the District lying along the axis of the Hiram Anticline east of Clemtown would be a favorable locality to test for gas in the Big Injun,
*Ray V. Hennen, Monongalla-Marion-Taylor Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 635; 1913.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 32I
Berea, and Fifth Sands, although other wells drilled farther north in Taylor County are somewhat discouraging.
Detailed Well Records, Elk District, Barbour.
Elk District lies south of Pleasant and next to the Harrison Line and is traversed by the Ruraldale Anticline and Ligonier Syncline, while the Grassland Syncline is only a short distance west of the District Line. In the eastern end, the structure rises rapidly toward the Hiram Anticline. Only two deep wells have been drilled in the District, one of which is a gasser and the other a dry hole.
The Samuel .Dickcson (Wni. Reed) No. 1 (8) Well, drilled about 50 years ago by the springpole method in the hope of finding salt water, and located along £lk Creek, 0.3 mile west of Elk City, is reported to have reached a depth of only 400 feet, and found a show of gas, probably in the Second Cow Run Sand. Its shallow depth makes it inconclusive as a test of the lower sands.
The following record is that of a well located farther west along Elk Creek. The record was carefully kept for Mr. C. McC. Lemley, Assistant Engineer of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, who furnished it to the Survey, and has been published in a previous Report". According to Mr. Lemley, the well starts 310 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal. Some slight corrections and additional names are added to the record :
Elk District; on Elk Creek, 1.5 miles northwest of Elk City; authority. Elk Creek Oil and Gas Company; completed in 1902; elevation, 1048' Li.
Thickness. Total. Feet. P*eet.
Coal, Harlem 6 20
Ume. black 15 35
Lime shell 20 55
lime, red and black 20 75
Red rock and slate 15 90
Light slate and lime 10 100
n. C. White, Vol. W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 346; 1904
322 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Thickness. Total.
Sand, Moundsville 25 , 125
Red rock and shell 13 138
Slate, black 62 200
Lime, blue 75 275
Sand, black |Blg Dunkard 15
Coal, Upper Freeport 5 295
Lime, black 16 335
Lime, black, sandy 55 390
Sand 10 400
Coal, Upper Klttanning 3 403
Lime and sand 15 418
Slate, white 30 448
Slate, black, Lower Klttanning Coal horizon 5 453
Slate, white 5 468
Sand, white, Homewood, Second Cow Run. . . 52 610
Slate, white 25 535
Lime, white 10 545
Coal, Upper Mercer 5 550
Sand, black 15 565
Coal, Lower Mercer 6 570
Sand, white, pebbly at base. Upper Connoquenessing
Sandstone, Salt Sand 56 626
Shale, brown 24 660
Coal, Quakertown 2 652
Slate, white 18 670
Coal, Campbell Creek? 2 672
Slate, white 13 685
Sand, dark. Salt 40 726
Slate, black 36 760
Coal, Eagle? 3 763
Shale, brown 23 786
Lime, black 20 806
Sand, white, Gas Sand of Rosedale 26 831
Slate, black 10 841
Sand, white, Salt Sand of Rosedale 66 896
Slate, black 30 926
Lime, white 5 931
Slate, black 10 941
Red rock and lime 10 961
Lime, white 40 991
Red rock and lime 50 1041
Sand, pebbly SfUaxton 130 1171
Sand, gray 44 j
Sand and lime 10 1181
Red rock 15 1196
Slate, black 20 1216
West Virginia Geological Survey. 323
Thickness. TotaL
Lime 86'
Lime and slate 6
Lime, black 63
Sand and lime 10'
Lfime, white 16
Sand, white 36 IBig Injun Ill 1426
Red rock and sand. .10
Lflme and sand 40
Lime, black 20 1446
Lime, sand 25 1471
Slate, white 40 1611
Lime and sand shale 20 1631
Slate 6 1636
Sand, Weir, and lime 50 1686
Slate 16 1601
Sand, Berea 30 1681
Lime, black 26 1666
Sand, white, Fifty-foot 66 1721
Slate, black 9 1730
Sand, Thirty-foot 20 1760
Lime, black 49 1799
Slate : . . . 80 1879
Red rock 99 1978
Lime 11 1989
Sand, white. Fifth 26 2114
Slate, black 55 2169
Sand, hard. Bayard 25 2194
Slate, lime, and shale, to bottom 400 2694
The record as given above shows no trace of oil or gas. According to Hon. A. G. Da3rton, of Philippi, one of the in terested parties, a large flow of water was found in the Berea Sand.
The J. C. Benson No. 3612 (10) Well, located at Over- Seld, on Elk Creek, and drilled by the Hope Natural Gas Company, the record of which is published in full in connection with the section for Overfield, page 85, was begun October 28, 1914, and finished during the summer of 1915. The well was a deep test, 4570 feet in all, and is now a producing well. Gas was found in the Gas Sand of Marion, Big Lime, Big Tnjun, Berea, and in the Clarendon? or Speechley? at 2879, and in the Benson (Bradford ?) Sand, at 4090'. The well starts 281 feet, by hand-level, below the Pittsburgh Coal, making the gs at 2879 feet come at an interval of 3160 feet below the coal. In the J. G. Bender (M. J. Coplin) No. 1 Wdl (1), the record
324 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
of which has been previously given, gas was found at a depth of 2950 feet, or at an interval of 3125 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, which corresponds very closely to that found in the Benson well, making it seem evident that the same deep horizon was productive in both wells. The gas found in the Benson (Bradford?) Sand at 4090 feet is reported to have been a considerable amount and is probably at the greatest depth below the surface of any gas yet found in West Virginia, although the gas in the Corniferous Limestone in the Parsons deep well is at a lower stratigraphic level.
It is regrettable that the Benson well was not carried on down to the Corniferous Limestone and the Oriskany Sand iust below it, as these should have been found at slightly more than 7000 feet.
Water was found in the Benson well at 570 feet, at 660 feet in one of the Salt Sands, at 1430 feet in the Big Injun, at 1672 feet in the Berea, and in unrecorded material at 2535 feet.
Three wells have been drilled along Gnatty Creek, in Elk District, Harrison, near the Barbour Line. The Ira C, Post No. 1 (11) Well, located 2.4 miles northwest of Peel tree, and drilled by a local company composed of Porter Maxwell, Ira Post, Thompson, and others, is reported to have reached a total depth of 2200 to 2250 feet. It made a show of black oil, reported at 3 barrels, from the Big Lime, and gas, thought to be from the Big Injun Sand, some of the oil still flowing from the well mouth. The Ira C. Post No. 2 (12) Well, drilled by the same parties, and located 2 miles northwest of Peeltree, is reported to have been drilled to about the same depth as the first well. Some gas was found, thought to have been from the Big Injun Sand and also from a lower sand, 2 families having been supplied for about two years, after which the gas declined rapidly.
The third well on Gnatty Creek has not yet been completed, but is being made a deep test, of which the following is an abbreviated record :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 325
Porter Maxwell No. 3869 Well Record (13).
EUk District, Harrison County; on a branch of Gnatty Creek, 1.9 miles weet of Peeltree; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; elevation, 1050' B.
Top Feet.
Sand, Gas Sand of Marion 546
Big Lime 1531
Sand, Big Injun 1621
Sand, Fourth 2279
Sand, Bayard 2436
Total depth 4386
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas, Elk District. — The following additional drilling is suggested for Elk District: (1), The northwestern part lying along the axis of the Ruraidale Anticline, north of Overfield, might have some Big Injun or Berea Sand gas, as the structure rises to a slight dome at the Harrison County Line, making it possible that the water found in conjunction with the gas in these two sands at Overfield might be avoided and a heavier flow of gas secured. If the gas found in the Benson (Bradford?) Sand at Overfield should prove lasting, the chances for it along the anticline toward the north would be equally as good. (2), The northeastern part of the District, between Pepper and Berryburg, is far removed from any tests, and would offer some hope of finding oil or gas at the foot of the steep structural slope near the headwaters of Stewart Run. The hazard of drilling here would be much greater, however, than in the first area outlined above.
Detailed Well Records And Prospective Areas,
Union District, Barbour.
Union District lies in the western part of the county next to Harrison and Upshur, and is traversed in its western portion by the Ruraldale Antidine and the Ligonier Syncline, and at its eastern end the structure is rising rapidly toward the Hiram Anticline, making conditions much the same as in Elk District. Three wells have been drilled, none of which has produced oil or gas in commercial quantity.
326 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Run of Gnatty Creek, 0.6 mile northeast of Peeltree, and drilled by the O'Neal* Oil and Gas Company, was reported to have reached a depth of 2250 feet and to have made a show of oil and gas, but its detailed record could not be secured.
The T. O. Martin No. 1 (15) Well, located on Left Branch of Gnatty Creek, 1.9 miles northeast of Century, was drilled by Randolph and Davis, and its record, as furnished the Survey by Cleo. Swecker, civil engineer, of Century, has been used in the section for Century, page 92. The well was drilled to a total depth of 2660 feet, a show of oil having been found in the Squaw Sand, and enough gas to supply one family being reported from an unknown horizon. The well was abandoned as a dry hole.
The following record, kept with special care for the Survey by W. A. Williams, Superintendent of the West Virginia Central Gas Company, at Weston, West Virginia, shows in detail the underground rock structure in eastern Union. The well was abandoned as a dry hole. It starts near the horizon of the Lower Kittanning Coal, which belongs in the interval I
of surface gravel and clay at the top of the record :
Union District; on Tygart Valley River, 0.4 mile southwest of
Boulder; authority, W. Va. Central Gas Co.; completed, December 23, 1914; elevaUon, 1380' B.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Gravel, clay, and sand 137 137
Coal, Upper Mercer 6 142
Sand, Upper Connoquenessing, Salt 98 240
Slate 5 245
Sand, Salt 15 260
Lime 30 290
Sand, Salt 25 315
Lime 36 350
Sand, Salt (4 bailers of water per hour) 100 450
Lime 50 500
Slate 15 515
Lime 35 650
Sand, Salt Sand of Rosedale 60 610
Red rock 25 636
Sand 120 765
Red rock 125 880
Slate and shell 56 936
Red rock 10 945
West Virginia Geological Survey. 327
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Big Injun Sand (oil, gas, and salt water)... 115 1165
Slate 10 1176
Lime 40 1215
Sand, Squaw 20 1235
Slate 40 1275
Sand, Berea 95 1370
Red rock 255 1625
Sand shells 45 1670
Lime and sand shells 45 1715
Slate, white 10 1725
Sand, Grordon 25 1750
Red rock 30 1780
Sand, Fburth 8 1788
Red rock 12 180O
Lime shells 20 1820
Sand, Fifth .-. 10 1830
White slate 8 1838
Sand 12 1850
White slate 65 1915
Slate 10 1940
Sand, Elizabeth 20 1960
Slate and shells 40 2000
White slate 350 2350
Slate and lime shells to bottom 45 2395
"Conductor, 20'; lO'' casing, 265'; 8%" casing, 718'; 6%" casing, 1091'. Bottom of Injun, 1110-1165', was dark, hard lime; small increase in gas, 1136-1140'. When gas was first struck, showed about 200,000 cu. ft., blew down rapidly and was practically exhausted before the well was completed. When oil was struck, showed for 5 barrels per day in Injun; entirely exhausted before well was completed. Shot oil and gas sand with 30 quarts, but was not improved. Hole full of water at 28 feet."
The above well although a deep test did not quite reach the Clarendon? or Speechley? Sand that showed gas in the northwestern part of the County as an allowance for the southward thickening of the Pottsville would probably place this sand at 2500 to 2600 feet below the surface at the point where this well was drilled. The Benson (Bradford?) Sand, in which deep gas was found in the Benson well at Overfield, would lie at about 3800 feet below the surface at the Kerr
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas, Union District. — The tests already drilled in Union do not make a favorable showing for oil and gas, but they are not sufficient to be conclusive and the following areas are suggested: (1), That portion of the western end of the District north of Century and between
38 Petroleum And Natuilvl Gas. I
the Ligonier Syncline and the T. O. Martin No. 1 (IS) Well 1
might hold a small pool of oil in the Squaw Sand, as a 5-barrel
show was found in the latter well and no water recorded
making the next logical location west of the Martin well, down
the structural slope; (2), The presence of oil, gas, and salt
water in the Big Injun Sand in the Kerr No. 1 (16) Well at j
Boulder indicates that a test farther east up the slope toward
the Hiram Anticline might find more gas or oil, and less water,
and the neighborhood of Audra or Middle Fork is suggested
for a possible location.
Detailed Well Records And Prospective Areas,
PHILIPPi DISTRICT, BARBOUR.
Philippi District occupies the central portion of the County and is traversed along its eastern edge by the Hiram Anticline which has an approximate north and south direction, [n the central and western part of the District, the structure is dipping rapidly, approximately 170 feet to the mile, westward toward the Ligonier Syncline. This steep dip is very uniform without terraces or breaks worthy of notice, making it questionable whether oil or gas can ever be found under such conditions. Three wells have been drilled, all in the neighborhood of Philippi, and all have been commercial failures although shows of oil and gas have been found.
The E. D. Talbott Heirs No. 2 (17) Well was located on a branch of Shooks Run, one-half mile west of Philippi, and drilled by the Tygarts Valley Mineral and Oil Company. Its record has been published in a previous Report of the Survey', and it has been used in the present Report, page 97, in connection with the Philippi Section. A show of oil and gas was found in the Berea Sand at 1376-1420 feet, and a large amount of water, apparently sulphurous but not salty. The well was drilled about 1902 and in 1916 was still flowing a stream of sulphur water, about one inch in diameter, from the casinghead. Sufficient gas came from the opening to make a flame 6 inches high.
I. C. White, Vol. W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 344; 1904.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 329
the west side of the Tygart Valley River at Philippi, and drilled by the same company as the Talbott No. 2, being less than one-half mile northeast of the latter well. Its detailed record has not been obtained, but according to Hon. A. G. Dayton, of Philippi, who was interested in it, the well was drilled to a depth of 3200 feet, and a show of oil and gas was found in a sand that was probably the Berea, the same as in the Talbott No. 2 well. It was abandoned as a dry hole.
The Hall Coal Company No. 1 (19) Well, drilled at Meriden on property now owned by the Lee J. Sandridge Coal Company, and financed largely by Philippi parties who composed the coal company, was abandoned as a dry hole. According to Judge Dayton, the well was 1700 to 1800 feet deep and made fresh water, probably from the Berea Sand which made the same showing in the two Philippi wells.
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas, Philippi District. — The presence of so much water in the wells at Philippi would indicate that there would be little hope of obtaining oil or gas in commercial quantity along this same structural level, but the oil and gas shows found in conjunction with the water would indicate that a greater amount might be found farther east and higher up toward the Hiram Anticline. There is a slight dome along the axis of the anticline 2 miles northwest of Calhoun and it would seem best to drill along the west side of the anticline between this dome and the Olive Hill School so as to tap the gas from which the showings in the Philippi well' may come. If gas should be found in encouraging quantity in this region, then drilling would logically be continued by moving westward one location at a time toward Philippi in the possible hope of finding oil. If gas should be found in the locality mentioned, it would also seem advisable to continue drilling farther south along the anticline toward the Tygart \'alley River.
330 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Detailed Well Records And Prospective Areas,
Cove District, Barbour.
Cove District is in the northern part of Barbour, east of Pleasant and Philippi Districts, and next to the Taylor and Preston County Lines. It is traversed by the Hiram and Marquess Anticlines and by the Evansville and Belington Synclines, and at its eastern edge the rocks rise at a rapid rate, nearly 1000 feet to the mile toward the great anticline east of the Laurel Ridge, bringing the oil sands above the surface. Five wells have been drilled in the District, and a number of others just north of it in Taylor and Preston, none of which has produced oil and gas commercially although creditable showings have been made in some of them.
The following well, the record of which has been published in a former Report of the Survey, was drilled along the Tygart Valley River about two miles north of the Barbour line. The well made no oil or gas but had a large amount of water in the Big Lime and .in some of the lower sands. The record was furnished the Survey by E. H. Bennett, of Stonehouse:
Lucinda McDaniel Heirs No. 1 Well Record (20).
KnottsviUe District, Taylor County; on Tygart Valley River, at Stonehouse; authority, Hardin Brothers; elevation, 998' L.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
Coal, Lower Klttannlng 100 104
Sand, Second Oow Run 210 250
Sand, Salt, Upper ConnoQuenessing 260 320
Slate 320 417
Coal, Eagle? 417 421
Slate 421 500
Sand, Gas Sand of Rosedale 600 550
Sand, Salt Sand of Rosedale, Sharon Conglomerate 670 686
Red rock 586 640
Lime 816
Sand, Big Injun 970 1100
Sand, Berea 1300 1350
'Ray V. Hennen, Monongalia-Marion-Taylor Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 156; 1913.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 33 1
Top. Bottom.
Sand, Fifty-foot 1370 1500
Sand. Thirty-foot 1500 1640
Sand, Gordon Stray 1540 1590
Ldme 1690 1610
Red rock 1610 1773
Sand, Fifth 1773 1785
Slate, shells, and unrecorded 1785 1950
Sand, Elizabeth ..1950 2000
Slate, shells, and unrecorded, to bottom 2000 2602
10" casing, 157'; 8" casing, 600'; 6" casing, llOO'.
Three very interesting deep tests have been drilled recently by the Greensboro Gas Company, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in Knottsville District, Taylor, only a short distance north of the Barbour Line. Their records, as furnished by the company, are complete in every detail and should be of great interest to prospective operators in northern Barbour.
The following well starts about 300 feet below the level of the Pittsburgh Coal, and was abandoned as a dry hole, but some gas was bubbling from it in 1915 along with the water:
Absalom Knotts No. 1 Well Record (21).
Knottsville District, Taylor County; on Swamp Run, 0.5 mUe west of Millertown; authority, Greensboro Qas Company; commenced, December 16, 1914; completed, March 2, 1915; elevation, 1460' B.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Clay 17 17
Lime, red 138 155
Sand, white, Little Dunkard 39 194
Slate 41 235
Sand, Big Dunkard 80 315
Slate 25 340
Sand, Burning Springs 25 365
Ldme : 115 480
Sand, Gas Sand of Marion 15 495
Slate 60 555
Sand, Second Cow Run, Homewood 10 565
Slate 10 575
Sand, Salt, Upper Connoquenessing 45 720
Lime 45 765
Sand, Salt 26 790
Slate and shells 70 860
Lime 40 900
Red rock 60 960
Lime 50 1010
33 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Thickness. TotaL
Feet. Feet.
Sand 85 1095
Slate and shells 10 1105
Lime 20 1125
Slate 30 1155
Sand, Mazton 25 1180
Big Lime 110 1325
Sand. Big Injun 126 1450
Slate 10 1460
Sand, Squaw 50 1510
Slate 25 1635
Sand, Weir 55 1590
Slate 60 1650
Sand, Berea 20 1670
Slate 20 1690
Sand, Fifty-foot 40 1730
Slate 15 1745
Sand, Thirty-foot 47 1792
Slate 38 1830
Sand, Gordon Stray 40 1870
Slate 10 1880
Slate 70 1966
Red rock 15 1980
Slate and shells 36 2015
Red rock 59 2074
Lime 146 2220
Sand, red. Bayard 30 2250
Red rock 10 2260
Sand, Elizabeth 25 2285
Slate, white 16 2300
Sand, white, Warren First? 35 2336
Red rock , . 30 2365
Lime 16 2380
Slate and shells 690 3070
Sand, Speechley? 26 3096
Slate and shells 305 3400
Lime 40 3440
Sand, dark 10 3460
Slate and lime 126 3676
Slate 60 3626
Lime 135 3760
Slate 20 3780
Lime, gritty 50 3830
Slate and shells 80 3910
Slate, white, to bottom 19 3966
The oil show found in the Benson (Bradford ?) Sand seems to be at the same horizon as the deep gas found in the J. C. Benson Well (10) in Barbour, as its approximate interval from
the Pittsburgh Coal is 4210 feet, while that at the Benson well
West Virginia Geological Survey. 333
is 4371 feet, a discrepancy that is very small compared to the total interval.
The following well made enough gas from the Maxton Sand to supply one family, but otherwise records no production. It starts approximately 390 feet below the level of the Pittsburgh Coal :
Russell S. Hauser No. 1 Well Record (22).
Knottsvllle District, Taylor County; on Glade Run, 1.3 miles northeast of Knottsvllle; authority, Greensboro Qas Company; commenced, March 20, 1916; completed, June 29. 1915; elevation, 1480' B.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Unrecorded 55 55
Sand, Little Dunkard 85 140
Slate and shells 20 160
Sand, Big Dunkard 80 240
Slate and shells 15 255
Sand, Burning Springs 25 280
Slate 40 320
Sand, Gas Sand of Marion 65 385
Slate 7 392
Coal, Lower KIttanning 8 400
Slate and shells : 80 480
Sand, Salt, Upper Connoquenessing 150 630
Slate and shells 20 650
Sand, Gas Sand of Rosedale 20 670
Slate and shells 85 755
Sand, Salt Sand of Rosedale 60 815
Red rock 85 900
Lime 20 920
Red rock 30 950
Lime 40 990
Lime shells 40 1030
Big Lime 130 1300
Slate and sheUs 100 1400
Slate 50 1450
Slate and shells 240 1690
Sand, Fifty-foot 115 1805
Slate 65 1870
Slate, red 160 2030
Sand, Fifth 15 2045
Slate 60 2105
Sand, Bayard 8 2113
Red rock 87 2200
Lime, gritty 85 2285
Slate, brown 5 2290
Sand, Warren First? 30 2320
334 PETROLEtTM AND NATURAL GAS.
Thickness. Total.
Slate, brown 70 2390
Sand, Warren Second? 20 2410
Slate, pink 12 2422
Slate and shells 602 2924
Sand, Speechley (steel-Une measurement).. 20 2944
Slate and shells 666 3600
Slate 60 3660
Slate and shells 260 3800
Pink rock 40 3840
Slate and shells 66 3896
Pink rock 16 3910
Slate and shells ; 198 4108
Broken formation 268 4420
Slate, black, to bottom. Genesee 17 4437
10" casing, 190'; 8" casing, 906'; 6'' casing, 2106'.
The Benson Sand is at an approximate interval of 4498 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, as compared to 4210 feet in the Knotts well, but is probably the same horizon.
The following well was abandoned as a dry hole although it made a little gas at 2425 feet, probably in the Warren Group of sands. The well starts at an approximate interval of 335 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal horizon :
Russell McCartney No. 1 Well Record (23).
Knottsvllle District, Taylor County; on Qlade Run, 1.8 miles northeast of Knottsvllle; authority, Greensboro Gas Company; completed in 1915; elevation, 1580' B.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
Sand, Moundsville 70 110
Sand, Little Dunkard 140 215
Sand, Big Dunkard 240 300
Slate 300 345
Sand, Gas Sand of Marlon 345 425
Coal, Lower Klttannlng 425 429
Slate 560 710
Coal, Sharon, Sewell 710 713
Red rock 745 800
Sand 800 870
Sand 870 900
Sand 1005 1040
Red rock 1045 1055
Lime 1055 1090
Sand, Maxton 1090 1150
Big Lime 1235 1350
Sand, Big Injun 1350 1430
Sand, Weir and Berea 1500 1590
West Virginia Geological Survey. 335
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
Ume 1600 1670
Sand, Fifty-foot 1740 1786
Sand, Thirty-foot 1805 1860
Lime 1890 1920
Red rock 1920 1932
Sand, Elizabeth 2265 2276
Sand, Warren First? 2335 2370
Lime 2390 2425
Lime and siate (little gas at 2425' In War-
The Daniel Sinclair No. 1 (24) Well, located in Reno District, Preston County, 0.6 mile northwest of Dent, was reported to have been drilled by J*. G. Wolf, of Sistersville, to a depth of about 1300 feet, making it a test of the Big Injun but not of the Berea and other lower sands. So far as known, no oil or gas was found.
The Andrew Miller No. 1 (25) WeU, drilled by Hardin Brothers, on Big Cove Run, 1.4 miles southeast of Cove Run Station, was a light gasser, not of commercial size. It starts at an approximate interval of 320 feet above the Lower Kittanning Coal, and, according to G. D. Hardin, of Kasson, West Virginia, one of the promoters, gas was found in the Berea Sand at ISOO feet, the sand being 67 feet thick and having an abundance of salt water at the top. Some oil was found in the (jordon at 1800 feet, the sand being SO feet thick.
The Hardin Brothers No. 1 (26) Well, drilled by Hardin Brothers, was located 1.3 miles farther up Big Cove Run and 1.3 miles northwest of Danville. The well starts at an approxi- . mate interval of 340 feet above the Lower Kittanning Coal, and, according to Mr. Hardin, some gas was found in the Berea, and a little oil in the Gordon. The well was drilled to a total depth of 3000 feet, no sand being found below 2200 feet, the remaining interval to the bottom being occupied by red shale. An abundance of salt water was found in this well, and probably came from the Berea Sand where it was found in the Miller well. Both wells were located at a low structural level compared to the rocks farther south which doubtless accounts for the large amount of water.
The Alexander Summers No. 1 (27) Well was located on a short branch of the Tygart Valley River, 1.2 miles north-
S S
s
s
s
s
s
s
p
s
p
s
s.
B:
Si
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Sax Sax
Tir
3i 'lie CimpaBir "iir intri .r :n I-Cr. :iie lease was tt.:
.t'x.e-i nrrmj-i
ace of water in ric Ssnd rie -veils alcms: Run, anc :if -vcii -vis irSlfi ar -e scncie cn.i £ 'ins-lle SvTiciiiie. and rie :nficr alcn BHiiTg::-n
:::ne. wculii -fuLi irllina: :a. rns rjcnr ac Ic" -Tiral relief -v-calii '-e scmewnat jazarcua irr:tcniral levels wcTil'i sem. nicr arcef:i sr f cite'i : : . Tie -iirrfr-v-tst zcraer of the Valle7 River, mizt l::Li z:is -ji -ire r.=T=a. 3r Cicricti 5 Z . Toe acuthwestem ccmer if tire ITJStrict. 5Ctr± :l I-sdO-fcict srracrare ccc-ctir wculi tc be at a. Mffh ti\ JCT*L to a-oi.i wter in tlie Eer-i Sor.-i. and aii:s:rt Tar gas in rids sand shews cf whi:i z-t been 5ainzjd a: sci Tsrlls cc bcrh si-ies cf riie ani::liiie : 3 . Tbe sho.n: r-rocrtcd in the N'est:-r 29 W-11 =:ear XesrirTrZe wccl : ca:e ±at aiiitional cil mibr be rcmd along: the Belra Sjncline. as the 5tr:ict:ire bere is at a bizber level tban zn 1: 1Z. Tchere water and cil were fcnnd in tire HaxSn 1
—
33 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
east of Moatsville Station, and drilled by the Gum Spring Oil and Gas Company. According to Mr. Summers, of Atlanta, Georgia, the well was drilled to a depth of about 1600 feet and made a show of oil in "several sands", the oil being lost on account of improper casing.
The Bedford Campbell No. 1 (28) Well was located on Teter Creek, 1.5 miles north or Nestorville, and drilled by unknown parties. It starts 82 feet by hand-level below an opening in the Upper Freeport Coal, and, so far as known, was a dry hole.
The R. M. Nestor No. 1. (29) Well was located on Teter Creek, one-half mile northwest of Nestorville, and only about three-fourths mile west of the Belingon Syncline. The name of the Company that drilled it was not learned, but according to Mr. Nestor the lease was originally taken by Frank Anderson, address unknown. The well starts about 130 feet above the Lower Kittanning Coal, and is reported to have pumped a little oil just after it was drilled, but detailed information is lacking.
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas, Cove District. — The presence of water in the Berea Sand in the wells along Big Cove Run, one of which was drilled at the southern end of the Evansville Syncline, and the other along the Belington Syncline, would indicate that drilling in this region of low structural relief would be somewhat hazardous. Some of the higher structural levels would seem more hopeful and the following are suggested: (1), The northwest corner of the District, along the Hiram Anticline, between Hiram and the Tygart Valley River, might hold gas in the Berea or Gordon Sands ; (2), The southwestern corner of the District, south of the 1400-foot structure contour would seem to be at a high enough level to avoid water in the Berea Sand, and might tap oil or gas in this sand, shows of which have been found at several wells on both sides of the anticline; (3), The showing of oil reported in the Nestor (29) Well near Nestorville would indicate that additional oil might be tound along the Belington Syncline, as the structure here is at a higher level than on Cove Kun where water and oil were found in the Hardin (26) Well.
lis
Hi
Irl
r '
West Virginia Geological Survey. 337
Detailed Well Records And Prospective Areas,
Glade District, Barbour.
In Glade District no deep wells have ever been drilled, the only test for oil and gas having been the Jesse Vannoy No. l (30) Well, drilled primarily for salt water, on Sugar Creek, 0.4 mile southeast of Vannoys Mill. As previously noted on page 311, this well was reported to have been drilled to a depth of about 600 feet and to have made a show of oil and gas.
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas, Glade District. — The fact that Glade District lies in the eastern part of the County, near the Laurel Ridge, along the eastern side of which the oil sands crop to the surface, is evidence against the probability of oil or gas in quantity being found, but the following areas are suggested as being the most favorable: (1), The western portion of the District, embracing a strip of land about one mile and a half wide and six miles long, between Calhoun and Tacy, and lying near to the axis of the Hiram Anticline, might hold some gas in the Berea or other sands; (2), The land along the Belington Syncline might have some oil, though the sands may be saturated with salt water, and the oil may have all escaped along the exposed edges of the sands east of the Laurel Ridge.
Detailed Well Records And Prospective Areas,
Barker District, Barbour.
Barker District lies in the southeastern corner of the County, next to the Laurel Ridge, and no test wells have been drilled in it. It is traversed by the Belington Syncline which passes through the middle of it. The following areas are noted as the most hopeful for tests though the chances of finding oil and gas are slender: (1), That portion of the western edge lying between Calhoun and the Tygart Valley River, and nearest to the Hiram Anticline, might hold some gas; (2), If gas should be found along the western edge, then drilling would logically be continued eastward down the structural slope toward the Belington Syncline in the hope of finding oil.
338 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
It is doubtful whether anything can be found east of the syn- cUne owing to the close proximity of the Laurel Ridge.
Detailed Well Records And Prospective Areas,
Valley District, Barbour.
Valley District lies in the southwestern corner of the county, next to Upshur and Randolph, and is traversed by the Hiram Anticline and the Belington Syncline. No tests have been drilled for oil and gas. The fact that the District lies near the mountains where the strata have been greatly disturbed is unfavorable for oil and gas, but the most hopeful locality for drilling would be along the axis of the Hiram Anticline near the western edge of the District, where there is some possibility of gas in the Big Injun or Berea Sands. If gas should Ie found in either of these, drilling would logically continue eastward toward the Belington Syncline in the hope of finding oil.
Well Records And Prospective Areas,
Upshur County.
Early History.
Probably the first wells drilled in Upshur County were some shallow tests to the Salt Sands made along the headwaters of the Little Kanawha River in the neighborhood of Ingo, Banks District. These wells Riade some oil and gas but were never put to any commercial use. The first deep test in the county was the Wm. Post No. 1 (42) Well, drilled on Turkey Run, Warren District, three miles north of Buckhannon. and completed prior to 1895. This well was a failure, and several others drilled later in the northern end of the county were equally non-productive. Only within the last ten years have any wells of commercial size been drilled, the first being those of the Frenchton Oil and Gas Company in the Frenchton Gas Field, followed soon afterward by the wells of the Buckbannon Relief Oil and Gas Company in the Stonecoal Field.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 339
Summarized Well Records, Upshur County.
The following table gives a tabulated list of all the wells drilled in Upshur County, as also several others in contiguous territory of adjoining counties. The same general explanations given in connection with the table of wells in Barbour, page 312, are applicable here. The following abbreviations of Company names have been used :
Buckhannon Ghem. . . .Buckhaimon Chemical
Bnckhaimon Fuel Buckhannon Fuel Company.
B. R. O. ft G Buckhaimon Relief Oil and Gas Company.
Gnatty Gnatty Oil Company.
GreaterPgh.O. ft G... Greater Pittsburgh Oil and Gas Company.
Guffey Guffey and Galey.
Haddlx Haddlz and Leading Creek Oil and Gas
Company.
Hope Jlope Natural Gas Company.
Jesse Run Jesse Run Oil and Gui Company.
Mandell Mandell OH Company.
Owens B. M Owens Bottle Machine Company.
Pa. O. & G Pennsylvania Oil and Gas Company.
Pgh. ft W. Va Pittsburgh ft West Virginia Gas Company.
South Penn South Penn OH Company.
Swisher et al W. H. Swisher and others.
Upshur O. ft G Upshur Oil and Gas Company
W. Va. Central West Virginia Central Gas Company.
Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Summarized Record of Tests for
a
o
o
Farm Name and Number.
W. D. Arnold No. 1
Enoch Post No. 1
L. Nathan Lewis No. 1 . . .
W. F. Post No. 1
W. F. Post No. 2
G. G. Cookman No. 2164. S. II. Luzader No. 1 , W. S. Starcher No. 2571, Mark Hersman No. 1 . . . .
John Foster No. 1 . S. Reger No. 1
Wm. Post No. 1
Magisterial District.
Owner.
o
to
it
43a
45a
49a
57a
59a
J. E. Green No. 1 ,
F. & O. Leonard No. 7151.
T. A. Smith No. 1
Perry Summers No. 1 ,
George Simons No. 1 ,
J. F. GouM Heirs No. 2. . . T. F. Gould Heirs No. 1...,
John Morrison No. 1 ,
Louvina Linger No. 1
J. Green No. 1 ,
ohn Smith No. 1
acob Krise No. 1
as. R. White No. 1
e J. Lewis No. 1
Lee Westfall No. 1
A. F. Moreland No. 2473..,
B. J. Fallon No. 1
James Duncan No. 1
Smith & Green No. 1
Geo. Burner No. 1
J. K. P. Koon Heirs No. 1, isberwood & Cody No. 1 . .
59b I Grimm No. 1.
Hazen Phillips No. 2659
Hazen Phillips No. 2658 ,
J. S. Douglass No. 1
Chas. M. Hyre No. 2656
Gordon B. Talbott No. 2667
Geo. P. Tarlbott No. 8416
John R. Francis No. 8287
E. G. Davisson No. 1
W. T. Wilson No. 1
W. T. Wilson No. 2
A. K. Wilson No. 2
A. K. Wilson No. 1
S. M. Holt No. 1
S. M, Holt No. 3
S. M. Holt No. 2
V. S. Lynch No. 1
Wm, Mearns No. 1
John Snyder No. 1
G. G. Butcher No. 1
J. W. Lake No. 1
Wm. Mullins No. 1
Vandcrvort & Pickens No. 1 . .
Edward H. Peck No. 1
Sherman Heirs No. 2
Silica Sand Co. No. 8
Butts-McCormick- Wilson No. 1
Silica Sand Co. No. 1
Silica Sand Co. No. 4 ,
Silica Sand Co. No. 2 ,
I Sherman Heirs No. 1
Warren Gnatty
Hackers Creek (Lewis) Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek Hackers Creek (Lewis)
Warren
Warren
Warren
Buckhannon
Buckhannon
Buckhannon
Buckhannon
Buckhannon
Buckhannon
Buckhannon
Buckhannon
Buckhannon
Buckhannon
Buckhannon
Union
Union
Union
Meade
Meade
Meade
Washington
Washington
Washington .'
Banks
Banks
Banks
Banks
B.inks
Collins Settlement (Lewis) . . Collins Settlement (Lewis) . . Collins Settlement (Lewis) . . Collins Settlement (Lewis) . . Collins Settlement (Lewis) . . Collins Settlement (Len'is).. Collins Settlement (Lewis) . . Collins Settlement (Lewis) . . Collins Settlement (Lewis) . .
Banks
Banks
Collins Settlement (Lewis) . . Collins Settlement (Lewis) . . Hacker Valley (Webster) . . . Hacker Valley (Webster) . . .
Banks
Banks
Banks
Banks
Banks
Banks
Banks
Guffey
Mandell
Jecse Run
Swisher et al
Hope
N. D. Goe
Pa. O. & G
Hope
Upshur O. & G
B. R. O. & G
Pgh. & W. Va
W. Va- Central
C. E. Griffiths
South Penn
Buckhannon Fuel
Buckhannon Fuel
Crites & Allen
Buckhannon Fuel
Buckhannon Fuel
Buckhannon Fuel
Buckhannon Fuel
Buckhannon Fuel
Buckhannon Fuel
Upshur O. & G
Pgh. & W. Va
W. Va. Central
lackhannon Fuel
Buckhannon P*uel
Citizens
Pgh. & W. Va
Ishfrwood & Cody
Owens B. M
Hope
Hope
Frenchton O. & G. . . .
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
E. G. Davisson
Wilson & Butcher
Wilson & Butcher
Wilson & Butcher Wilson & Butcher. . . .
John tanner
Sparling
John Farner
Sparling & Neely
Sparling
Sparling & Neely
Sparling
Hague
Story & O'Hara
Haddix
Buckhannon Chem . . . Greater Pgh. O. & G. Greater Pgh. O. & G. Greater Pgh. O. & G. Greater Pgh. O. & G. Greater Pgh. O. & G. Greater Pgh. 0. & G.
Banks Greater Pgh. O. & G.
1550B 1526B 1520B 1520L' 1575B 1280B 1090B 1015B lOlOB lOlOB 1020B
i250B
West Virginia Ceouxjical Survey.
L Upshur County.
Ki
t
i'
s
t
Producing SanJ and Kcmarlii.
es"
!e ii
m"
Bq M
S
Ibos 1*2S
7S1
H7T 16*8 18O0
Ism
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Salt. Cord., etli, gas show; Squsw, Gordl, oil show
Ism
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iMi
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Mg
Soi*
Isib
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jioo
1 si" 1 iso
8Ij
ilry hoI
li
as
ir.. I., gas
342 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
In addition to the summarized records published above, the detailed logs of the most of these wells are available and will be published in the following pages. Some important records are lacking, but the information is fairly complete.
Detailed Well Record8 And Prospective Areas,
Warren District, Upshur.
Warren District is situated in the northern end of the County, next to Lewis, Harrison, and Barbour. The Grassland Syncline cuts across the northwestern corner, and the Ruraldale Anticline and Ligonier Syncline enter it from the north but soon die out against the great monocline that forms the main structural feature of the County.
The W. D. Arnold No. 1 (31) Well, located on Right Branch of Gnatty Creek, 1.3 miles southwest of Century, was drilled by the Gnatty Oil Company, and was abandoned as a dry hole. Its record was not obtained as the General Manager of the Company refused to give out any information concerning it.
The following record, previously published in the Lewis- Gilmer Report, page 205, is that of a well drilled less than one mile north of the Upshur Line, and near the Ligonier Syncline. It makes enough gas to be used by one family, but was abandoned by the operators :
Elk District, Harrison County; on Rooting Greek, % mile south of Johnstown; authority, Guffey and Galey; elevation, 1065' B.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
Coal, Bakerstown 130 136
Sand, Big Dunkard 320 340
GsiS Sand 470 486
Sand, Second Cow Run 676 616
Big Lime (reduced hole to 6%" at 1460') 1390 1466
Limestone and sand, Keener 1466 1476
Red rock 1600 1606
Sandstone 10
West Virginia Geological Survey. 343
Top. Bottom.
Sand, Squaw, (hole full of salt water at 1720', flowing) (reamed hole at 8%' from
Sand, Gtordon Stray 2090 2095
Sand, Ctordon 2110 2120
Red rock and red sandstone, Fourth 2120 2185
Sand, Fifth 2260 2275
Sand, white, pebbles in bottom, Elizabeth. .2310 2330
Slate, with white pebbles, to bottom 2475 2481
The L. Nathan Lewis No. 1 (33) WcU, drilled by the Mandell Oil Company, and located on Rooting Creek, 1.3 miles south of Johnstown, was abandoned as a dry hole. No record is available, but according to Enoch Starcher, a resident, the well supplies gas for three families from a pipe stuck into the ground after the casing was pulled.
The W. F. Post No. 1 (34) Well, located on a branch of Jesse Run, Hackers Creek District, Lewis, 2.5 miles southwest of Johnstown, was a gasser. in the Fifth Sand, with a volume of 750,000 cubic feet dally, and a rock pressure of 820 pounds. Its record was published in full in the Lewis-Gilmer lieport, page 207.
The W. F. Post No. 2 (35) Well, located on the same branch of Jesse Run, Hackers Creek District, Lewis, 2.6 miles southwest of Johnstown, showed oil and gas but was abandoned as a dry hole. Its complete record was published in the Lewis-Gilmer Report, page 207.
The G. G. Cookman No. 2164 (36) Well, located on Bull Lick of Jesse Run, Hackers Creek District, Lewis, 1.4 miles north of Aberdeen, was a Fifth Sand gasser, its record being published in full on page 208 of the Lewis-Gilmer Report.
The S. H. Luzader No. 1 (37) Well, located on a branch of Hackers Creek, one mile northwest of Aberdeen, Hackers Creek District, Lewis, was a dry hole, its record never having been obtained.
The W. S. Starcher No. 2571 (38) Well, located on Hackers Creek, 1 mile east of Berlin, Hackers Creek District, Lewis, was a Fifth Sand gasser, its record being published in full in the Lewis-Gilmer Report, page 218. This well is at the east-
344 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
ern edge of the great gas field that occurs along the Chestnut Ridge Anticline in Lewis County.
The Mark Hersman No. 1 (39) Well, located on Buckhannon Run, 1.2 miles southeast of Berlin, Hackers Creek District, Lewis, showed gas in the Berea and Fourth Sands, but was abandoned as a dry hole. Recently an attempt has been made to clean out the well and make it productive. Its record is published in the Lewis-Gilmer Report, page 219.
The following is the record of a dry hole drilled in the edge of Upshur along the axis of the GrasslandSyncline. So far as known it made no show of oil or gas :
Warren District; on Hackers Creek, 0.6 mile east of Aberdeen; authority. Pa. Oil & Gas Co.; elevation, 1060' L.
Top. Bottom.
Feet, Feet.
Coal, Bakerstown 195 197
Sand, Little Dankard 310 346
Sand, Big Dunkard 385 415
Sand, Gas 450 470
Sand, Second Cow Run 552 610
Sand, Salt 780 940
Sand, Maxton 1130 1185
Ldttle Lime 1485 1505
Pencil Cave 1505 1525
Big Lime : .1525 1695
Sand, Big Injun 1595 1750
Sand, Squaw 1750 1786
Sand, Weir 1820 1860
Sand, Berea 1867 1920
Sand, Fifty-foot 1930 2030
Sand, Thirty-foot 2030 2060
Sand, Gordon Stray 2180 2200
Sand, Gordon 2205 2225
Sand, Fourth 2260 2285
The Isaac S. Reger No. 1 (41) Well, located on Hackers Creek, 2.1 miles west of Ruraldale, and drilled by the Hope Natural Gas Company, was abandoned as a dry hole, but* according to the driller it made a 5-barrel show of oil in the Berea Sand, and would probably have made a producer if it had been near a pipe-line. After the casing was pulled it made gas enough to supply one family for several years. Its record is
West Virginia Geological Survey. 345
published in full in connection with the Bear Knob Section, page 117.
The Wm. Post No. 1 (42) Well, located on Turkey Run, 3 miles north of Buckhannon, was drilled by the Upshur Oil and Gas Company and abandoned as a dry hole. It made shows of gas in two members of the Salt Sand group and a little black oil in the Big Lime. Its record, as furnished the Survey by F. G. Smith, of Buckhannon, is published in connection with the Turkey Run Section, page 123, having been drilled through the Fifth Sand to a depth of 2497 feet.
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas, Warren District. — The unfavorable tests already drilled would indicate that there are no extensive fields of oil or gas in the District, but the following areas are suggested for possible development: (1), The 5-barrel show of oil found in the Berea Sand in the I. S. Reger No. 1 (41) Well would indicate a possible pool near this old well. A location toward the west might find it or it might lie farther to the northeast along the same strike of the rocks; (2), The southern end of the Ruraldale Anticline between the Harrison County Line and Hackers Creek looks like a favorable locality to test for gas, the point where the anticline crosses Pecks Run being the most logical place to drill; (3), That portion of the District at the extreme southern end of the Ligonier Syncline, between Pecks Run village and Ruraldale and north of the 1400-foot structure contour, might hold some oil or gas, the abrupt change of dip being a favorable sign.
DETAILED WELL RECORDS AND PROSPECTIVE AREAS, BUCKHANNON DISTRICT, UPSHUR.
Buckhannon District lies south of Warren -and next to the Iewis County Line. It is traversed by no structural fold as it lies entirely along the great monocline between the Grassland Syncline and Hiram Anticline. Several test wells have been drilled and a small gas field has been developed near the Lewis County Line.
The following is the record of a deep test drilled near the center of the District, the record having been furnished the
346 Pztroleum And Natural Gas.
Survey by J. J. Singleton, of Buckhannon, Manager of the Company. Nothing more than a smell of oil was found. The well starts 140 feet below an opening in the Redstone Coal :
Buckhannon District; on Brushy Fork of Fink Run, 2 miles west
of Buckhannon; authority, Buckhannon Relief Oil and Gas Co.; completed In 1908; elevation, 1446' B.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Conductor 9 9
Lime 16 25
Red rock 35 60
Red rock 30 116
Slate 60 175
Lime 36 210
Coal, Hariem 6 215
Lime 25 240
Red rock 10 250
Slate 7 324
Black slate 5 336
Coal, Bakerstown 3 338
Slate 112 450
Lime 47 497
Sand, Big Dunkard 24 521
Lime 41 562
Slate 4 666
Sand, Burning Springs 18 684
Black slate 11 695
Lime 50 646
Brown slate 6 651
Sand, Gas 23 674
Slate 66 740
Slate and shells 68 808
Slate 7 815
Lime 16 830
Slate and shells 45 876
Salt Sand 15 890
Lime 110 1000
Sand, white and fine, Salt 100 1100
Slate 72 1172
Sand, Gas Sand of Rosedale 44 1216
Slate, very black 34 1260
Sand, Salt Sand of Rosedale 60 1300
Red rock 36 1336
Lime 70 1406
Red rock 80 1486
Little Lime, white and black 6 1491
Pencil Cave 26 1616
Lime 26 1641
West Virginia Geological Survey. 347
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Sand, reddish 6 1646
Red rock 6 1700
Lime (change gradual to sandy lime) 35 1735
Ume, sandy 28 1763
Sand, loose, (smell of oil, I7671/2') 5' ) Squaw. 12 1775
Sand, hard, bluish 7 3
Slate 18 1788
Sand, white, very hard. Weir 35 1885
Slate and sheUs 33 1918
Sand, Berea, hard 6 1924
Slate 16 1940
Unrecorded 15 1956
White slate and shells 17 1972
Red rock 1 1973
White slate and shells 35 2008
Red rock 2 2010
Lime, sandy 27 2037
Red rock 3 2040
Lime, hard 10 2050
Slate 10 2060
Red rock and shells 50 2110
Red rock, gritty, with lime shells 110 2220
Sand, various colors, gray, Ctordon Stray... 7 2227
Sand, reddish-brown 13 2240
Sand, hard, gray, Gordon 24 2264
Lime 6 . 2269
Slate 29 2298
Ldme, white , 27 2325
Sand, gwiy, Fourth. 17 2342
Gritty Ume and shells 10 2352
Slate, white 6 2368
Sand, hard, gray, Fifth 144 2502
10" casing, 176'; 8" casing, 711': dry hole.
The following is an abbreviated record of a very deep test drilled near Buckhannon and completed subsequent to the completion of field work in that vicinity, the record having
been furnished by W. T. Griswold, geologist of the operating company. An interesting show of gas was found in what appears to be the Balltown Sand of Pennsylvania :
348 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Florence and Olive Leonard No. 7151 Well Record (43A).
Buckhannon District; on Ratcliff Run, 1.5 miles southwest of Buckhannon; authority, Pittsburgh & West Virginia Oas Company; eleysr
tion, 1525' B. (estimated from topographic contour); completed, Jul 24, 1917.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
Big Lime 1435 1485
Sand, Big Injun 1485 1655
Sand, Squaw 1660 1680
Sand, Weir 1685 1735
Sand, Berea 1755 1816
Sand, Fifty-foot 1856 1879
Sand, Gordon.' 2095 2101
Sand 2184 2188
Sand, Fourth 2210 2235
Sand, Fifth 2250 2260
Sand, Balltown? (gas show, 3786') 8784 8804
Sand 4230 4255
Total depth 4502
"Well unproductive and abandoned. Plugged August 6, 1917."
The following is the record of a well drilled in Lewis County near the Upshur Line. It made only a show of gas and was abandoned as a dry hole:
Hackers Cfeek District, Lewis County; on Laurel Lick, 2.6 miles south of Berlin; authority, W. Va. Central Gas Co.; elevation, 1155' B.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Peet.
Slate, red rock, and sand 0 195
Coal, Elk Lick 195 200
Sand, Gas WO 760
Sand, Second Cow Run 795 840
Sand. Salt 900 1040
Sand, Salt 1085 1300
Sand and shells 1300 1600
Big Lime 1600 1690
Sand, Big Injun Ib90 1830
Sand, Weir (small gas ahow, 1955') 1930 1990
Red rock 2104 2250
Sand. Fourth 2283 2293
Sand, fine, hard, broken. Fifth 2403 2470
Slate and shells to bottom 2508 2602
No Bayard Sand; conductor, 16'; 10" casing, 204'; 8%" casing 1055'; 6%" casing, 1734'.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 349
The Perry Summers No. 1 (45) Well, drilled on Right Fork of Stonecoal Creek, Skin Creek District, Lewis, about one mile west of the Upshur Line, was a dry hole except for a show of oil in the Fourth Sand. Its complete record was originally published in Volume I, page 255, and has been recently republished in the Lewis-Gilmer Report, page 409, of the Survey.
The George Simons No. 1 (45A) Well, drilled on Hersman Run, one mile northeast of Georgetown, Skin Creek District, Lewis, about two miles west of the Upshur Line, was reported to have made a show of oil and gas, but was abandoned as a dry hole. Its record could not be secured.
The Stonecoal Gas Field, located in Buckhannon and Meade Districts, on the waters of Stonecoal Creek, near the Lewis County Line, has several productive gas wells, which are now the property of the Buckhannon Fuel Company, successors to the Buckhannon Relief Oil and Gas Company. Several well-kept records in this field have been furnished the Survey by Mr. J. J. Singleton, Manager of the former corporation, and Mr. E. W. Martin, an official of the latter company. The gas production ranges through various sands, including the Big Injun, Thirty-foot, Gordon Stray, Gordon, and Fourth Sands. The following well has been recently drilled, and, according to Mr. Martin, made about 200,000 cubic feet of gas daily :
J. F. Gould Heirs No. 2 Well Record (46).
Buckhannon District; on Pigeonroost Run of Stonecoal, 1.7 miles north of Ahhott; authority, Buckhannon Fuel Company; elevation, 1220' B.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
Conductor 0 16
Unrecorded (water at 70'; about 6 bailers
per hour; hole full at 95') 16 330
Coal, Lower KIttannIng 830 336
Sand, Salt 540 567
Sand, Salt 795 835
Sand, Salt 969 1063
Sand ; 1100 1133
Unrecorded (red rock at 1140') 1133 1260
350 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Top. Bottom.
Peet Peel.
Little Ldme 1260 1267
PencU Cave 1267 1275
Big Lime 1275 1382
Sand, Big Injun 1382 1460
Sand, Squaw 1485 1503
Sand, Weir (water and ehow of oH) 1527 1566
Sand, Berea 1571 1724
Red rock 1724 1741
Ldme 1741 1755
Red rock r 1755 1910
Sand, Gtordon 2029 2060
Total depth 2065
10 casing, 306'; 8" casing, 619'; 9W casing, 1308'; set packer at 1647'; anchor, 277'; shot with 40 quarts at 1912-1922'.
The following well was a light gasser in the Thirty-foot Sand :
J. F. Gould Heirs No. 1 WeU Record (47).
Buckhannon District; on Pigeonroost Run, 1.5 miles north of Abbott; authority, Buckhannon Fuel Company; elevation, 1220' B.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Conductor 12 12
Slate 66 78
Ume 29 107
Slate 15 122
Coal, Upper Freeport 3 125
Slate 8 133
Lime 19 152
Slate 34 186
Lime 17 203
Slate and shells 17 220
Slate 16 236
Lime 32 268
Slate 12 280
Lime : 24 304
Slate 56 360
Ume 45 405
Sand, Second Cow Run 95 500
Sand 16 516
Slate 34 550
Sand, Salt 22 572
Slate , 23 595
Ldme 63 658
Slate and shells 48 706
Sand, Salt 76 782
Slate and shells 24 806
Sand, hard, Salt , 36 842
Sand, Salt 58 900
West Virginia Geolcxsical Survey. 351
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Slate and shells 80 980
Sand, Salt 83 1063
Red rock 29 1092
Sand 22 1114
Ume 56 1170
Red rock 80 1200
Lime 15 1216
White slate 8 1223
Lime 12 1235
Slate and shells 33 1268
Little Lime 18 1286
Pencil Cave 6 1292
, Big Lime 54 1346
Big Injun Sand 147 1493
Slate 7 1500
Squaw Sand 18 1518
Slate 10 1528
Sand, Weir 55 1583
Slate and shells 77 1660
Sand, Berea 75 1735
Red rock 26 1761
Slate and shells 15 17*76
Red rock 133 1909
Slate and shells 97 2030
Sand, Gordon 34 2064
Slate and shells 36 2100
Slate 54 2154
Lime 3 2157
Slate and unrecorded to bottom 98 2255
The John Morrison No. 1 (48) Well, located on Pigeonroost, 1.5 miles north of Abbott, was a light gasser, reported to have produced from the same sand as the Gould No. 2. Its detailed record was not secured.
The following well is a Gordon Sand gasser :
Louvina Linger No. 1 Well Record (49).
Buckhannon District; on Pigeonroost Run, 1.6 miles northeast of Abbott; authority, Buckhannon Fuel Company; elevation, 1380' B.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Red clay 5 5
Red rock 20 25
Sandy lime 11 36
Red rock 49 85
White slate 25 110
Gray lime 12 122
White slate. 3 125
Coal, Bakerstown 1 126
352 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Thickness. TotaL
Feet. Feet
Dark slate 1 127
Gray lime 2 129
White slate 18 142
Blue lime , 14 166
Reds 24 180
Lime 30 210
Slate 12 246
Black slate 6 260
Lime 81 341
Slate, white 15 356
Lime 20 376
Sand, Burning Springs 16 392
Black shale 8 400
Gray lime 52 452
Black slate 7 470
Lime 7 477
Coal, Lower Kittanning 8 486
Slate 28 613
Sand, Second Cow Run 44 667
Black slate 13 570
Lime shale, first gas sand 70 640
Sand, hard, Salt 112 752
Slate and sand 26 778
Black shale 17 795
White slate 99 894
Slate 12 906
Black shale 24 980
Sand and shells, Salt 86 1016
White sand, Salt 14 1030
Slate and shell 46 1075
White sand. Salt 25 1100
Black slate 16 1116
Hard sand, Salt 64 1180
Red rock 20 1200
Lime 32 1232
Maxton Sand 59 1291
Red rock 56 1347
Slate and shells 26 1372
Lime 19 1391
White slate 9 1400
Lime 12 1412
Red rock 5 1417
Little Lime 13 1430
Pencil Cave 3 1433
Big Lime 39 1472
Sand, Big Injun (gas, 1478'; show of oil, 1490') 164 1626
Slate 4 1630
Sand (oil and water, lesO') 25 ) Squaw. . 40 1670
Slate and shells 10 1680
Lime S; 1685
Sand 19 1704
West Virginia Geological Survey. 353
Tblckneas, TotaL
Slate and lime shells 19 1723
Sand, Weir 36 1768
Slate and aheUs 9 1767
Sand 33 1800
Slate and shell 10 1810
Sand, Berea 67 1877
Red rock 64 1941
Lime 8 1949
Red rock 41 1990
Sand and ehella, Fifty-foot 6 1996
Bed rock 58 20B2
Sand, Thirty-foot (show of oil and ga*, 2068') 14 2086
Slate 6 2071
Lime shells 8 2079
Ume. sandy 24 3108
Slate 49 2152
Slate and ahelU 40 2226
Sand and shells, Fourth 4 2230
Slate and shells 167 2397
Sand and shells, Bayard 3 2400
Unrecorded to bottom 10 2410
The following well made only a show of gas in the Fourth Sand and was abandoned as a dry hole:
BucfehannoD District; on Plgeonrooet Ron of Stonecoal, 1.3 mllea
northward from Abbott; completed In 1916; elevation, 1450' B.
Feet. Feet.
Coal, Upper Freoport 270 276
Sand. Bumin? Springs 320 3B0
Sand, Gaa (water at 545', 6 baUers per hour) 375 420
Coal, Lower Klttannlng 495 600
Sand Salt 636 710
Sand, Salt 720 800
Sand, Salt 835 940
Sand. Salt 954 980
Sand, Salt 1040 1110
Sand, Salt 1246 1415
Little Lime 11 1460
Pencil Cave 1485 1490
Big Lime "90 1510
Sand, Big Injun (red rook at 1610') 1575 1676
Sand. Squaw 1745 1776
Sand, Weir (water In different places, 1796") .1786 1795
Sand 1846 1880
Sand, Berea 1865 1900
Bed rock 1900 1908
Sand, Gantz 190 1985
Red rock 1986 2000
354 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Top. Bottom.
Fot Foot
Sand, Thirty-foot 2107 2116
Red rock 2116 2119
Sand, Gordon Stray 2119 2142
Sand, Gordon 2191 2206
Total depth 2398
The following well was a light gasser in the Gordon Sand :
Buckhannon District; on BruBhUck Run, 2.5 miles southwest of Atlas; authority, Buckhannon Fuel Co.; elevation, 1366' B.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Conductor 16 16
Unrecorded 4 20
Red clay 10 30
Lime 10 40
Red rock 10 50
White slate 10 60
Coal, Bakerstown 2 62
Slate 13 75
Ume B 80
Slate 4 84
Lime, white 16 100
Red rock 26 125
Sand 25 150
Slate 60 200
Sand, Big Dunkard 80 230
Slate 30 260
Coal, Upper Freeport 5 265
Slate 10 275
Lime 35 810
Slate 16 325
Lime 35 360
Slate 20 380
Sand, Burning Springs 20 400
Slate 50" 460
Sand, Gas 35 485
Slate 5 490
Coal, Lower KIttannIng 2 492
Slate, black 28 620
Lime, white 20 640
Slate 30 570
Sand, very hard, Second Cow Run 20 690
Slate 15 605
Sand, Salt 70 675
Sand, hard 65 740
Sand, black, Salt 60 790
Lime, white 20 810
Slate, white 5 816
Sand, Salt 25 840
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Slate, black 20 860
Salt Sand 95 956
Slate, black 85 1040
Sand, Salt 15 1056
Slate 70 1125
Sand, Salt 65 1190
Reds , 20 1210
Sand 76 1285
Slate 5 1290
Sand, Maxton 40 1330
Reds 85 1856
Slate and shells 65 1420
Red rock 10 1430
Big Lime. . ; 66 1495
Ldme 40 Big injun 66 1660
Sand 20 J
Reds 6 1565
Lime 65 1680
Slate 10 1640
Sand 10 1650
Reds 5 1655
Slate 6 1660
Squaw Sand 20 1680
Slate 16 1695
Sand 40 1735
Slate 15 1750
Sand, Weir 80 1780
Slate 10 1790
Sand, hard 10 1800
Slate 5 1805
Berea Sand 90 1895
Red rock 20 1916
Sand, Gantz 6 1920
Red rock 25 1946
Sand, Fifty-foot 6 1950
Red rock 20 1970
Sand 16 1985
Red rock 15 2000
Sand. Thirty-foot 20 2020
Slate 5 2026
Reds 25 2050
Sand,' Gordon Stray 15 2065
Red rock 12 2077
Slate 20 2110
Sand 20 2130
Slate 43 2173
Fourth Sand
Unrecorded to bottom 147 2320
The following well was abandoned as a dry hole but made a little gas that is used in the Krise residence:
356 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Buckhannon District; on Brushlick Run, 2.3 miles southwest of Atlas; authority, Buckhannon Fuel Co.; elevation, 1265' B.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Unrecorded 120 120
Coal 2 122
Unrecorded 23 145
Coal, Brush Creek 5 150
Unrecorded 110 260
Sand, Big Dunkard 20 280
Unrecorded 80 360
Sand 5 365
Unrecorded 20 385
Coal, Upper Kittanning (water and gas, 388') 5 390
Unrecorded 82 472
Sand shells 23 496
Unrecorded 36 630
Sand, Second Cow Run 26 555
Slate 56 610
Ldme shells 46 656
Lime 10 666
Sand, Salt 29 695
Lime shells 25 720
Sand, Salt (gas, 795', steel line) 136 855
Slate 40 895
Sand, Salt 10 905
Slate and shells 95 1000
Sand, Salt 75 1075
Slate 10 1085
Red rock 26 1110
Slate 21 1131
Lime 45 1176
Red rock 34 1210
Lime 20 1230
Red rock 22 1252
Little Lime 8 1260
Pencil Cave 6 1266
Big Lime 115 1381
Red rock 6 1431
Sand 5 1436
Red rock 12 1448
Sand 6 1454
Lime 36 1490
Sand 20 J
Slate 6 1555
Sand, Weir 75 1630
Slate 5 1635
Slate 49 1714
Sand, Gantz 20 1734
Slate 7 1741
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Sand, Fifty-foot 32 1773
Red rock 30 1803
Sand 17 1820
Red rock 5 1825
Sand. Thirty-foot 20 1845
Red rock 22 1867
Sand, Gordon Stray 30 1897
Sand shells 13 1962
Red rock 23 1995
Sand shells 3 1998
Sand, Fourth 14 2071
Slate, sand shells 33 2104
Slate, black 26 2138
Sand and slate break 97 2235
Lime shells 6 2240
Slate 23 2263
Sand, Bayard (gas) (steel line, 2267') . . . . . ! 10 2273
Sand and slate 43 2316
Slate and lime shells 19 2335
The following well made a little gas but was soon dohed :
Jas. R. White No. 1 Well Record (52).
Buckhannon District; on Stoneooal Creek, 1.4 miles south' Atlas; authority, Buckhannon Fuel Co.; elevation, 1150' L.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Conductor 10 10
Slate 6 30
Lime 40 70
Slate 13 83
Coal, Brush Creek 2 85
Slate 15 100
Lime 15 115
Slate 25 140
Lime 23 163
Lime 13 200
Slate 6 205
Coal, Upper Freeport 8 238
Slate 12 250
Lime 14 264
3S8 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Thickness. TotaL
Feet. Feet.
Slate 86 300
Lime '. 5 805
Coal, Upper Kittanning 6 810
Slate 20 880
Black slate 14 875
Lime 14 389
Black slate 11 400
White slate 46 446
Ldme 54 500
Sand, Salt 83 538
Lime 17 550
Sand, Salt 13 563
Slate and shells (gas forced water over derrick) 69 622
Lime 18 640
Slate 7 647
Sand, Salt 108 750
Slate and shells 96 846
Sand. Salt 68 908
Black slate 6 914
Lime 16 980
Black slate 80 960
Sand, Salt 20 980
Slate 4 984
Sand. Salt 46 1030
Red rock 10 1040
Lime 15 1055
Slate and shells 31 1086
Red rock and shells 14 1100
Red rock 66 1155
Lime 10 1165
Red rock 15 1180
Lime 8 1188
Slate, white 12 1200
Lime : 10 1210
Slate 26 1236
Red rock 20 1255
Big Lime 62 1317
Big Injun Sand (red rock at 1880'; 'show of oilp liZSW, lots of parafflne, looked like
Slate 10 1470
Lime 14 1484
Sand, Squaw 64 1538
Slate 22 1560
Sand, Weir 50 1610
Slate and shells .- 20 1680
Sand, white, Berea 10 1640
Slate 10 1660
Fifty-foot Sand 60 1700
Slate 8 1708
Lime 10 1718
Red rock 10 1728
Ume 22 1750
micknesB. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Red rock S X765
Lime 16 1770
Red rock 9 1778
Sand, TMrty-Ioot $6 1845
Slate and eheUs 22 1867
Sand, Gordon Stray (slate at 1890'; steel line,
1906': Btiow of oU and little gas, 1901') 46 1912
Slate and slieUB 21 1933
Sand, Gordon 12 1946
Slate and ehelle 40 1986
Sand 36 2020
Sand, Fourth (Kas, 20484', ateel line) 86 2066
Slate and sheUs 104 2180
Slate 60 2210
Sandy elate 20 2230
Lime 85 2266
Slate 5 2270
Black slate 16 2285
Sand, Bayard and belle 23 2308
Slate, flOft 87 234B
Lime, sandy 20 2366
SUte 36 HOO
Slate and shells 65 2486
Bastard lime 26 2490
Slate and Bhells to bottom 814 2804
The following well was abandoned as a dry hole, but the partial record, as furnished the Survey by F. G. Smith, of Buckhannon, gives valuable data on the underground coals. The hole starts 65 feet, by hand-level, below the Elk Lick Coal:
Buckhannon District; on QIade Pork of Stonecoal, 1.6 miles northeast of Abbott; autliority, Buckfaannon Fuel Co.; elevation, I60G' L. Thlckneas. Total. Peet, Feet.
Conductor 12 12
Unrecorded {8" oaatnfr, 168') 156 168
Coal, Brush Greek 2 170
Unrecorded 110 280
Unrecorded 31 314
Sand, Bumlog Scnnge 16 330
Unrecorded 66 395
Sand. Oas 20 416
Unrecorded 53 468
Coal, Lower KltUnnlng 4 472
Unrecorded 28 600
360 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Thickness. TotaL
Feet. Feet
Unrecorded 67 684
Coal, U|>per Mercer 2 686
Unrecorded 24 610
Sand, Salt 88 648
Unrecorded 66 718
Sand, Salt 62 776
Unrecorded 45 . 820
Sand. Salt 180 960
Unrecorded 206 1156
Sand, Maxton 69 1214
Unrecorded 114 1328
Red rock 60 1378
Sand shells 60 1428
Red rock 6 1434
Pencil Cave 6 1440
Big Lime 110 1550
Sand, Keener 5 1666
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas, Buckfaannon District.— The several dry holes that have been drilled in Buckhannon District outside of the Stonecoal Field offer strong evidence against a large future production, but the following areas are mentioned as being the most logical regions for drilling: (1), That portion of the District lying immediately northeast of the Stonecoal Field toward Rocky Ford, the 1700-foot structure contour being along the most hopeful productive belt for gas in the Thirty-foot, Gordon, and Fourth Sands. (2), There is a considerable amount of untested territory in the region north of Lorentz which is only partially condemned by the dry holes that have been drilled around it. (3), Only one well has been drilled in the immediate vicinity of Buckhannon where the financial risk would be large, but the returns from even light wells would be good, owing to the ready market for the gas. (4), The extreme southern end of the District, in the vicinity of Hinkleville, has not been condemned by any dry boles and drilling would probably be justified by the favorable show of gas in the well at Sago, farther east.
Detailed Well Records And Prospective Areas,
Union District, Upshur.
Union District occupies the northeastern corner of the County, next to Barbour and Randolph, and is therefore re-
West Virginia Geological Survey. 361
moved from the proved oil and gas areas of the State. Three wells have been drilled, one of which made a favorable showing of gas.
The Lee WestfaU No. 1 (54) Wdl, drilled by the Upshur Oil and Gas Company, and located on Left Fork of Little Sand Run, one mile south of Reger, was abandoned as a dry hole. No detailed record of the well could be secured from any member of this company nor any statement of sands or shows of oil or gas that may have been fotind.
The following is the record of a light gas well that has been shut in by the company that drilled it:
A. F. Moreland No. 2473 Well Record (55).
Union District; on Middle Fork of Laurel Fork of Big Sand Run, 1.5 mUes southeast of Hinkle; authority, Pittsburgh and West Virginia Gas Company; completed, March 30, 1912; elevation, 1700' B.
Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet.
Native coal, Upper Mercer 40
Big Lime 970 1107
Sand, Big Injun 1107 1203
Sand, Squaw 1215
Sand, Bayard (gas, I960' and 1985') 1959 2000
Sand, black?, Warren First? 2205 2215
Total depth 2907
The following well was a deep test in the same vicinity, but made only a small amount of gas in the Fourth and possibly a little in the Fifth, and was. abandoned as a dry hole:
B. J. Fallon No. 1 Well Record (56).
Union District; on Laurel Fork of Big Sand Run. 2.2 miles southeast of Hinkle; authority. West Virginia Central Gas Company; completed, September 24, 1912; elevation, 1790' B.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Unrecorded 20 20
Sand hard, Second Cow Run 60 80
Lrime and slate 470 550
Slate, white 10 710
Sand, Salt (hole full of water, 715') 60 770
Slate, white 30 800
Red rock 100 900
Sand, Maxton 6 906
Slate 10 915
362 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Thickness. Total.
Bet. Feet.
Ldme 16 930
Slate and shells 26 966
UtUe Lime 6 970
Slate, white, Pencil Cave 10 980
Big Lime 90 1070
Sand, Big Injun 80 1160
Lrime, hard 60 1200
Lime, shells, and slate 30 1230
Sand, black, and hard. Weir 16 1246
Slate and shells, white 26 1270
Sand, white, Berea 40 1310
Slate and shells 170 1480
Red rock 40 1620
Sand, Thirty-foot 16 1636
Red rock and shells 26 1660
Slate, sand, and shells 10 1670
Red rock, sand and shells 110 1680
Sand, white, Gordon 66 1736
Red rock and shells 66 1800
Sand, Fourth (small amount of gas, 1828') . . 31 1831
Slate and shells, hard 69 1900
Sand, Fifth 27 1927
Sand, shells, and slate 233 2160
Slate, white, and shells 60 2220
Slate and shells 80 2300
Slate, black, to bottom '. 168 2468
"Fifth Sand, hard and fine from 1901 to 1910 feet; from 1910 to
1920 feet, sand was coarse and full of white pebbles; from 1920 to 1927 feet, sand was hard and fine. After drilling through Fifth Sand, gas would bum two feet above casing.'
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas, Union District. — From a structural viewpoint, the most promising territory in Union District is the eastern portion along the Middle Fork River, which is near the crest of the Hiram Anticline. If commercial wells should be found in this region, drilling could be extended westward away from the anticline.
Detailed Well Records And Prospective Areas,
Meade District, Upshur.
Meade District occupies the western central portion of the County, and like Union is somewhat out of proved territory. Only three wells have been drilled, one of which was a commercial producer, the other two having been abandoned. The following well was abandoned as a dry hole, although it made shows of both oil and gas :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 363
Mead DlBtrict; on Bearpen of Stonecoal, 1.4 mllea northwest of Abbott; autborlty, Bucktaatmon Piel ComiwDy; elevation. 1266' B.
TUckness. Total.
Peet. Feet.
Clay 5 6
Red rock 15 20
Lime 65 Se
Red rock 26 110
Slate 26 136
Ume 16 160
Coal, Bakertown 2 152
Slate 28 .180
Ume 76 266
Slate 12 26S
Coal, Uppr Frveport 6 £74
Slate 109 383
Sand, Gas 47 430
Slate 47 477
Coal, Lower Klttannlng 6 4S8
Slate 26 608
Slate 6 636
Sand 16 650
Slate 811
Ume and BheUs 18 630
Band, Bait 15 4S
Slate and BheUa 16 680
Ume 1 10 670
Blate 30 700
Sand 12 712
Slate 38 750
Slate and shells 40 790
Sand, Salt 66 845
SUte 40 885
Sand, Salt 36 920
Slate 6 926
Sand, Salt 14 940
Slate, black 40 980
Ume and ahellB 16 996
Slate, black 15 1010
Ume 80 1040
Slate, black 60 1100
Blate 13 1128
Sand, Salt (UkM show of oH. 1166') 72 1200
Red rock 27 1227
Ume 61 1288
Ume, hard 10 1298
Red rock 19 13"
Sand, hard 16 183!
Slate, white 6 1837
Ume 88 1860
364 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Slate, white. ; 7 1382
Ume 18 1400
Slute, white 20 1420
Red rock 5 1426
Little Lime 6 1431
Pencil Cave 6 1430
Big Lime 60 1486
Sand, Big Injun (show of oil, 1676') 194 1680
Slate 6 1685
Sand 45 5
Slate and shells 51 1816
Sand, Berea 85 1901
Red rock 73 1974
Lime 8 1982
Red rock and shells 28 2010
Sand shells, white. Thirty-foot 45 2055
Red rock, gritty, with sand shells 26 2080
Sand, brown, Gordon Stray 20 2100
Slate and sand shells 30 2130
Sand shells, hard, Gordon 6 2135
Slate, white and soft 10 2146
Lime, sandy 15 2160
Slate and shells 40 2200
Sand, hard and white, Fourth 25 2225
Sand, soft and broken 5 2230
Slate and sand shells 5 2235
Slate, soft 27 2262
Slate, white (steel line, 2284') 127 2395
Sand shell 20 2415
Chocolate sand, Bayard 20 2435
Slate, dark 15 2450
Slate, light 26 2475
Slate, white 45 2520
Slate and shells 85 2555
"Driller reported gas at 2262-2268', but other man said it was lower down. H. A. Darnall reported gas in chocolate sand."
The following well is a gasser that has been lately drilled;
Smith & Green No. 1 Well Record (57 A).
Meade District; on Pigeonroost Run of Stonecoal, 1.3 miles north of Abbott; completed in 1916; elevation, 1285' B.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
Conductor 0 16
Unrecorded (hole full of water at 45') 16 115
Sand, Big Dunkard 115 133
Coal, Upper Freeport 141 146
Sand 270 282
West Virginia Geological Survey. 365
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
Sand, Gas 317 336
Coal, Lower Klttannlng 348 353
Coal, Clarion 370 375
Unrecorded (water at 380'; 6 bailers per
Sand, Second Cow Run 404 464
Sand, Salt 474 578
Sand, Salt 690 800
Sand. Salt 914 952
Sand, Salt 1012 1123
Sand, Salt .1128 1200
Red rock 1200 1225
Sand, hard, Maxton 1225 1252
Little Lrime 1279 1293
Red rock 1306 1321
Pencil Cave 1321 1326
Big Lime 1326 1417
Sand. Big Injun 1417 1522
Sand, Weir 1662 1772-
Red rock (little gas, 1862') 1772 1919
Sand, Fifty-foot 1919 1947
Sand, Thirty-foot (gas, 1961-1967') 1947 1981
Total depth 1994
10" casing, 146'; 8" casing, 578'; 6%" casing, 1356'; packer set 6F from bottom ; shot with 40 quarts of glycerine at 1960-1970'.
The George Burner No. 1 (58) Well, drilled along the Buckhannon River, at Sago, made a small amount of gas in the Fourth Sand. Its record, which was first published in Volume page 351, of the Survey, has been used in connection with the Sago Section, page 134, of the present Report. Concerning the result of the well, the following is quoted from the driller's log:
"In five-foot slaty sand (Fourth) a showing of gas was visible, and a small quantity is yet flowing around the plug. Probably enough to supply a dozen fires. In the Big Injun Sand (1190-1360') a showing of something resembling asphalt was found."
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas, Meade District. — The tests already drilled in Meade District and surrounding territory do not indicate that a large amount of gas will be found, but the following regions are indicated as the most hopeful: (1), The western portion of the District, between the Stonecoal and Frenchton Gas Fields, might reasonably be supposed to hold a further supply of gas, as some of the sands, particularly the Fourth, have been productive in both
366 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
fields. (2), The fact that a favorable show of gas was found in the Fourth Sand in the well as Sago would indicate that other producing territory might be found in the region between this well and the Stonecoal and Frenchton Fields, possibly in the vicinity of French Creek or Adrian. (3), The presence of gas in commercial quantity in the Craddock Gas Field along the Buckhannon River would indicate that an additional supply of gas, or possibly some oil, might be found in the extreme southern end of Meade District, west of Alton and Alexander.
DETAILED WELL RECORDS AND PROSPECTIVE AREAS, WASHINGTON DISTRICT, UPSHUR.
Washington District lies in the eastern portion of the County, next to the mountains, where most of the hydrocarbons presumably have escaped through fissures in the strata. Three wells have been drilled, all of which were abandoned as dry, although two of them made shows of gas and the other made shows of oil.
The J. K. P. Keen Heirs No. 1 (59) Well, drilled on laurel Run, 1 mile east of Queen, made a show of gas in the Gordon Stray Sand and also in a deep sand that is possibly the Speechley. According to the driller's report, enough gas was found to bum with a fiaihe four or five feet high at the well-mouth. The detailed record of the well is published as a part of the Sunny Point Section, page 143.
The Isherwood and Cody No. 1 (59A) Well, drilled by Isherwood and Cody, on their own land at Stockerts on Panther Fork of Buckhannon River, was abandoned as a dry hole, although it made shows of oil in the Maxton and Weir (?) Sands. The well was drilled to a total depth of 1450 feet. Its record is published in connection with the section for Stockerts, page 139.
The following record, furnished the Survey by E. W. Martin, of Buckhannon, is that of a well drilled subsequent to the completion of field work in the County, but is valuable not only for the shows of gas but also for the two seams of coal reported:
West Virginia Ge0Lcx5Ical Survey. 367
Washington District; on Leonard Run of Middle Fork River, about 1 mile southwest of Queen (exact location not indicated on Map IV) ; authority, Owens Bottle Machine Company.
Thickness. Total.
Bet. Feet.
Conductor 11 11
Sand, white 10 21
Shale, black 11 32
Quicksand 2 34
Sand , 81 65
Coal, Eagle? 2 87
Shale 13 80
Lime 50 130
Shale, black 4 134
Sand, hard 62 196
Slate and shells 112 308
Coal, Sewell 6 313
Shells and slate 27 340
Sand, white, Rosedale Salt 120 460
Slate 16 475
Lime, gritty 50 525
Red rock 40 566
Sand, white, Maxton 55 620
Shells and slate 80 700
Lime, red 20 720
Shells and slate 60 780
Lime 15' 795
Slate, black 25 820
Lime, white 25 845
Slate and shells 40 885
Sand, Big Injun 50 1020
Red rock 5 1025
Sand. Squaw 70 1096
Shells and slate 55 1150
Sand. Weir 50 1200
Shells and slate 20 1220
Lime 105 1325
Red rock 95 1420
Rd rock 30 1500
Sand. Thirty-foot 26 1526
Shells and slate 80 1605
Sand, white, Gordon 30 1635
Slate 10 1645
Red rock 10 1710
Sand, Fifth 15 1725
Slate and shells 150 1875
Sand, black, Elizabeth 10 1885
Slate and shells to bottom 276 2161
"Made enough gas for two or three families, but was abandoned."
368 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas, Washington District. —
The tests already drilled in Washington District are discouraging but not conclusive as there is a large amount of ground not yet condemned. The hazard of drilling further wells is great, but the following localities are noted as being the most promising: (1), The region immediately northwest of lenraile, where a very noticeable change in the stnirtural di]) makes a terrace in the sands, offers a little hope for oil or gas. (2), The presence of a considerable amount of gas at Craddock would indicate that further supplies might be found somewhere along the same structural monocline to northeast, possibly in the vicinity of Palace Valley or Hemlock.
Detailed Well Records And Prospective Areas,
Banks District, Upshur.
Banks District occupies the extreme southern end of the County, next to Webster and Randolph. There are two small gas fields with commercial production and in another locality oil has been found that might have developed into commercial production if it had been carefully handled.
The Frenchton Gas Field, located about one mile north of Frenchton, on the waters of French Creek, contains six wells, four of which are classed as light gas producers, and the other two are dry holes. This field was first opened up by the Frenchton Oil and Gas Company, of Buckhannon, which drilled the first five wells, but the property was later acquired by the Hope Natural Gas Company, which drilled another well that was a dry hole. Gas from this field supplies the towns of Frenchton, Adrian, French Creek, Rock Cave, and others. The production is mainly from the Thirty-foot, Gordon, and Fourth Sands, but shows of both oil and gas have been found in several other sands. The original Frenchton Company kept excellent records of these wells, most of which are available through the courtesy of Charles E. Hiner, J. J. Singleton, and others.
The following was a light gasser in the Thirty-foot Sand :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 369
Hazen PhilUps No. 2659 WU Record (60).
Banks District; 1.2 miles northeast of Frenchton; authority, Hope
Natural Gas Company; completed, December 15, 1909; elevation, B.
Thickness. TotaL
Feet. Feet.
Conductor 13 13
Slate 15 116
Lime 19 134
Slate 6 140
Lime, hard 15 155
Slate and sand. Big Dunkard 30 185
Slate 55 240
Lime, hard, blue 18 258
Sand, Burning Springs 42 300
Slate, white 12 312
Lime, gritty 18 330
Slate, white 20 350
Lime, hard, sandy 20 370
Slate, white 20 390
Sand, Second Cow Run 80 470
Shale, black 30 500
Slate, white 8 508
Lime, gritty, hard 20 528
Shale, brown 10 588
Slate and shells 12 550
Sand, Salt 40 590
Shale, brown 5 595
Lime, gritty 10 605
Slate, white 15 620
Lime, hard 10 630
Shale, black 26 655
Slate, white 24 679
Sand, Salt 12 691
Slate and shells 24 715
Shale, black 65 780
Sand, limy 6 786
Black shale and shells 14 800
Sand, Salt (light show of oil, 805'; water, 822'; light show of gas, 960'), and unrecorded 220 1020r
Sand, Salt 52 1072
Black shale and lime shells 80 1152
Lime, gritty 20 1172
Slate, white 8 1180
Lime and black slate 20 1200
Sand, Salt 60 1260
Red rock 40 1300
SUte and lime shells 90 1390
Red rock 25 1415
Lime, white, hard 20 1435
Red rock 16 1450
Slate, black 8 1458
Lime, hard 14 1472
f 370 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS.
Thickness. TotaL
Feet. Feet.
Slate 13 1485
Red rock 20 1505
Big Lime ' 70 1575
Big Injun Sand (light show of gas, 1580'; hard and limy, 1600'; soft sand and white pebbles, 1715'; smell of oil and gas at 170'; gray sand and hard, 1730'; water, 1750') 205 1780
Sandy shells 45 1825
Sand, chocolate-colored, Squaw (hard sand, 1834'; oil and water, 1835-1844'; oil and
Slate and shells 20 1900
Sand, hard, Berea 30 1930
Red rock 12 1942
Sand, Gantz 6 1948
Red rock and shells 4 1952
Sand, Fifty-foot 10 1962
Red rock and shells 30 1992
Slate 16 2008
Red rock and sand shells 95 2103
Slate 6 2121
Sand 4 2125
Sand, red, Gordon Stray 12 2137
Slate 3 2140
Sand 8 2148
Slate and shells , 47 2195
Sand, Gordon 35 2230
Sand 23 2253
Slate 32 2285
Sand, Fourth 6 2291
Slate to bottom 11 2302
10" casing, 310'; 6%" casing put In November 12, 1909; 5" casing put in December 4th. Packer on bottom of 5" casing. Rock pressure, 550 pounds to the square inch.
The Hazen Phillips No. 2658 (61) WelJ, the record of which is published in connection with the Frenchton Section, page 147, was a light gasser in the Gordon Sand, and also made a show of gas in the Big Lime and a show of oil in the Weir Sand.
The J. S. Douglass No. 1 (62) Well, located 0.9 mile northeast of Frenchton and just east of Beechtown Church, was abandoned as a dry hole, no record of it being available.
The following was probably the best well in the Frenchton Field, with production in the Gordon and Fourth Sands:
Charles M. Hyi No. 2656 Vell Record (&3).
Banks District; on Prencli Creek, 0.8 mile north or Frencbton; suthorlty, Hope Natural Oae Companr; elevation, 1520' L.
Thickness. ToUL Feet. Feet.
Reda 24 41
Ume 17 60
Sand, Moundavllle ID 70
Slate IM 176
Sand and elate 8 184
Sand, Bis Ehinkard 3D 236
Slate, white 12 248
Lime 10 2GS
Slate, whltfe 12 270
Sand, Burning Springs 12 282
Slate, white 6 288
Ume, gritty 10 298
Slate 27 825
Lime 6 830
Slate, white 2S 358
Sand, hard 14 872
Lime and shells 25 397
Sand, Gas 61 458
Slate and lime 12 470
Lime, Bhelly 10 480
Lime, sandy 20 600
Slate 38 538
Slate 6 606
Sand, Salt 26 632
Slate 18 650
Sand, Salt 78 728
Slate and shells 22 750
Shale, black 25 776
Sand, Salt 6G 840
Shale, brown 10 860
Sand, Salt (smell of oil, 856') 86 936
Slate, black 124 1060
Sand, Salt 28 1088
Black shale and Ume shells 110 1198
Sand. Salt 66 n64
Pencil 6 1270
Lime 42 1312
Sand 44 1366
Red rock 34 1390
Lime 6 1396
Slate, black 22 1418
Red rock 32 1450
Slate, black 30 1480
Red rock 16 1496
Big Lime 84 IGSO
Sand, Big Injun 180 1710
37 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Break 5 1715
Sand, Squaw (2 bailers of water, 1765') 80 1795
Slate, white 5 1800
Sand, white and hard 40 j
Slate and shells 30 1910
Sand, Berea 25 1935
Red rock 25 1960
Shells and slate 40 2000
Red rock and sand shells 40 2040
Slate and shells, white and red 30 2070
Red rock 0 f Thirty-foot. . . 42 2112
Sand, white pebbles 12 J
SUte, white 8 2120
Sand, Gordon Stray 18 , 2138
White slate and shells. . . : 75 2213
Sand, Gordon (best gas; bottom of pay, 2235') 27 2240
Slate and shells 45 2285
Sand, Fourth, (gas, 2287' to 2293') 9 2294
Unrecorded to bottom 48 2342
Rock pressure, 600 pounds to the square Inch.
The following well was a light gasser in the Gordon Sand.
Gordon B. Talbott No. 2657 Well Record (64).
Banks District; 0.6 mile north of Frenchton; authority, Hope Nat ural Gas Company; elevation, 1545' L.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Conductor 9 9
Lime 21 30
Red rock 20 50
Lilme 10 60
Slate 30 90
Lime 15 105
Red rock 20 125
Lime 15 140
Black slate and shells 60 200
Sand 20 220
Slate, black 10 230
Sand 15 245
Slate 20 265
Sand, Little Dunkard 15 280
Slate 10 290
Sand, Big Dunkard 22 312
Slate 113 425
Sand, Burning Springs 25 450
Lime 20 470
Slate 10 556
Lime 9 565
West Virginia Geological Survey. 373
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Slate, black 19 675
Lime, hard 25 700
Shale, brown 40 740
Lime 10 75D
Slate and shells 50 800
Slate 20 820
Sand, Salt 25 845
Slate and shells 75 1020
"Shale, black 45 1065
Shale, brown 14 1110
Slate 45 1155
Lime, gray 15 1170
Slate, black 80 1250
Shale, black 15 1265
Sand, Salt (litUe show of oU and gas, 12920 55 1320
Red rock 20 1340
Lime, gray 78 1418
Red rock 18 1436
Lime, gritty, hard 6 1442
Red rock 7 1449
Lime, gritty 16 1465
Red rock 15 1480
Slate 6 1486
Lime 22 1508
Slate 24 1532
Red rock 33 1565
Big Lime 110 1675
San4 106'"!
Break 6 Big Injun 131 1806
Sand 20 J
Slate and shells 30 1836
Sand, Squaw (reduced hole, 1865') 40 1876
Slate 25 1901
Sand, Weir 31 1932
Break 5 1937
Sand, Berea 40 1977
Slate and shells 16 1993
Red rock and shells 27 2020
Sand, Fifty-foot 25 2045
Slate, white 20 2065
Slate and sand shells 25 2090
Red rock and shells 10 2100
Sand, hard, Thirty-foot 15 2115
Red rock and shells 31 2146
Sand 4 2150
Slate, white 6 2156
Sand, Gordon Stray 14 2170
Slate and shells 93 2263
Sand, Gordon (gas, 2263' to 2275') 16 2278
Slate, white, to bottom 95 2373
10" casino, 285'; 8%" casing, 732'; total depth of 6%" hole, 1952'; casing, 1965'.
374 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
The following well was drilled by the Hope Natural Gas Company subsequent to the transfer of the leaseholds and proved to be commercially dry as only light shows of gas were found:
George P. Talbott No. 3416 Well Record (65).
Banks District: 1.3 miles north of Frenchton; authority. Hope {Natural Gas Company; completed, July 22, 1914; elevation, 1575' B.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
Sand, Second Cow Run 665 695
Sand, Salt 890 945
Sand, Salt 960 998
Sand, Salt 1135 1195
Sand, Maxton 1412 1456
Little Lime : 1500 1523
Pencn Cave 1523 1540
Big Lime 1540 1650
Sand, Squaw 1840 1905
Sand, Gantz 1982 2021
Sand, Fifty-foot 2078 2103
Sand, Thirty-foot 2145 2162
Sand, Gordon Stray 2190 2215
Sand, Gtordon 2221 2231
Total depth 3200
The following well was drilled in Lewis County, onefourth mile from the Upshur Line, but was abandoned as dry hole, although light shows of both oil and gas were found :
John R. Francis No. 3287 Well Record (66).
Skin Creek District, Lewis County; on Skin Creek, 2.1 miles north of Frenchton; authority, Hope Natural Gas Co.; completed, February 10, 1914; elevation, 1230' B.
Top. Bottom.
Gas Sand (water, 885' and 390') 280 ' 400
Sand, Second Cow Run 630 560
Sand, Salt 710 776
Sand. Salt 835 875
Sand, Salt 930 990
Sand, Maxton 1316 1330
little Lime 1360 1380
Big Lime 1390 1495
Sand, Big Injun 1495 1595
West Virginia Geological Survey. 375
Top. Bottom.
Feet Feet.
Sand, Squaw 1616 1700
Sand, Berea 1740 1796
Sand, Fifty-foot 1830 1845
Sand, Gordon 2086 2126
Total depth 2662
. The E. G. Davisson No. 1 (67) Well, drilled on West Fork River, one-half mile west of Crawford, Lewis County, and 3.2 miles west of the Upshur Line, was a gas well of cubic feet daily capacity, mostly from the Big Injun, the Gordon Sand having only a small amount. Salt water and a show of oil were also found in the Injun. The rock pressure of the well was 700 pounds.
In the southern panhandle of Lewis and in the adjoining territory of Upshur and Webster, fourteen wells have been drilled, nearly all having made shows of oil and gas, mostly from the lower members of the Pottsville Sands, which produce oil at Rosedale, Braxton County. Concerning this oil in the panhandle. White® says the following:
"The oil is of light gravity and amber color, but is so mixed up with water that no paying wells have ever been found, although a fine 'showing' has been obtained in nearly every one of the dozen or more wells that have been drilled. It appears to be impossible to case' off the water without also shutting out the oil."
The records of only a few of these wells are available. According to W. T. Wilson, of Bablin, who drilled several of them, the W. T. Wilson No. 1 (68) made a little oil ; the W. , T. Wilson No. 2 (69), the record of which is published on page 167 of the Lewis-Gilmer Report of the Survey, was a dry hole; the A. K. Wilson No. 2 (70), the record of which was published on page 72 of the Lewis-Gilmer Report, made oil and gas from the Salt Sand and a little oil from the Gordon; the A. K. Wilson No. 1 (71) made oil and gas; the S. M. Holt No. 1 (72) made oil and gas ; the S. M. Holt No. 3 (73) was a dry hole ; the S. M. Holt No. 2 (74) made oil and gas; the V. S. Lynch No. 1 (75) was a dry hole; the Wm.
I. C. White, Volume W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 375; 1904.
3/6 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Meams No. 1 (76) was reported to have flowed some thick oil from the Salt Sand at 230 feet ; the John Snyder No. 1 (77) was a dry hole; the G. G. Butcher No. 1 (78), according to a resident, made an oil show and enough gas to blow out water, and "lots of salt water". The well still makes a little gas. The J. W. Lake No. 1 (79), the record of which is published on page 432 of the Lewis-Gilmer Report of the Survey, made considerable gas from the Thirty-foot Sand, a little oil, and much salt water. The Wm. Mullins No. 1 (80), located in Webster County, on a branch of Right Fork of Little Kanawha River, 1 mile southwest of Bois, was reported by a resident to have been drilled more than 500 feet deep, and made some gas, but was abandoned as a dry hole. The Vandervort and Pickens No. 1 (81), the record of which is published in connection with the Cleveland Section, page 153, and previously published in Volume page 393, of the Survey, is reported to have made some gas, but was plugged, the record failing to show in what formation the gas wdiS found.
The Craddock Gas Field, located in the vicinity of Crad dock, along the Buckhannon River, contains eight wells, four of which were classed as dry holes, one made a fair showing of oil, and the other three produced gas commercially, mostly from the Big Injun Sand. The gas from this field is now use( by the Buckhannon Chemical Company in its plant at Selbyville, but the supply has failed rapidly, making it necessary to use coal as auxiliary fuel. The following well was abandoned as a dry hole, although it made a light show of gas in the Berea Sand. It starts 288 feet, by hand-level, below the Lower Kittanning Coal:
Edward H. Peck No. 1 Well Record (82).
Banks District; on Pecks Run of Little Kanawha River, 1 mile east of Canaan; authority, Buckhannon Chemical Company; completed, October, 1912; elevation, 2230' B.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Loam and quicksand, black 22 22
Sand, gray, Salt 35 57
Slate, black 28 85
Sand, gray, Salt 45 130
West Virginia Geological Survey. 377
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Slate, black 30 160
Sand, gray. Salt 35 195
Slate, black 15 210
Sand, gray, Salt 66 265
Slate, black 30 295
Ldmestone, gray 30 326
Slate, black 95 420
Sand, gray, Salt 26 446
Slate, black 6 460
Coal, Hughea Ferry 3 463
Slate, black 36 488
Ldmestone, white 32 620
Slate, black 6 526
Sand, white. Salt 30 665
Slate, black 66 620
Sand, gray. Salt 20 640
Slate, black 16 665
Limestone, white 67 712
Slate, black, Sewell Coal horizon 10 722
Limestone, white 16 870
Slate, black 46 915
Red rock 70 986
Limestone, blue 4 989
Red rock 31 1020
Limestone, gray 16 1036
Red rock 20 1056
Sand, gray 60 1106
Limestone, gray 26 1130
Slate and shells, black 56 1186
Red rock 56 1240
Limestone, gray, Big Lime 65 1296
Sand, white. Big Injun 46 1340
Slate, black 6 1345
Limestone, blue 100 1445
Sand, pink 10 1455
Limestone, white 110 1565
Red rock and shells 36 1630
Slate and shells, gray 65 1685
Sand, pink, Fifty-foot 12 1697
Slate and shells, white 48 1740
Red rock 5 1745
Sand. gray. Thirty-foot 12 1757
Red rock and shells to bottom 9 1766
10" casing. 22' 10"; 8" casing, 407'; 6%" casing. 989'.
According to R. B. Rexroad, of Canaan, the following
well made a 10-to 12-barrel show of oil, apparently in the Squaw Sand. Being remote from pipe-lines, it was abandoned as a dry hole:
378 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Sherman Heirs No. 2 Well Record (83).
Banks District; on Pecks Run of Little Kanawha River, 0.7 mile northwest of Craddock; authority, Greater Pittsburgh Oil and Gas Company; completed in 1906; elevation, 2355' B.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Conductor 16 16
Sand, (hole fuU of water, 60') 69 76
Lime 46 120
Slate 30 150
Sand 40 190
Lime 30 220
Slate 22 242
Coal, Campbefl Creek 8 246
Slate (water at 250'; 14 bailers per hour) ... 30 275
Lime 106 380
Sand, Salt (Just a show of oil, 390') 30 410
Lime 40 450
Slate 50 500
Sand 80 530
Slate 15 545
Coal, Catle 3 548
Sand 52 600
Slate 5 605
Lime 16 620
Coal, Sewell "B" 5 625
Slate 30 666
Sand 10 665
Slate, black, Sewell Coal horizon ("should be Craddock Coal but we washed it out
and found black slate only") 5 670
Ldme 15 685
Slate 40 726
Lime 50 775
Sand 35 810
Slate 36 845
Sand 46 890
Slate 10 900
Sand 35 936
Red rock 130 1065
Slate 25 1090
Red rock 20 1110
Lime 60 1160
Red rock 70 1230
Lime 45 1276
Red rock 30 1305
Sand 18 1323
Slate 22 1346
Lime ' 20 1366
Slate 15 1380
Sand, Maxton 46 1426
Slate 5 1430
Big Lime 96 1526
Lime 110 1680
Fifty-foot 60 1950
West Virginia Geological Survey. 379
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Red roclt. 3 1683
Sand, Squaw (show of oil, 1683') 7 1690
Red rock 20 1710
Sand, Weir 10 1720
Slate and shells 50 1770
Red rock 100 1870
.Sand, Gantz 15 1885
'Red rock 5 1890
Sand 25'
Red rock 10
Sand 25
Red rock : 85 2036
Sand, Thirty-foot 25 2060
Red rock 7 2067
Slate 5 2072
Sand, Gordon Stray 38 2110
Red rock 45 2155
Slate 375 2585
Lime 85 2670
Slate and shells 15 2685
Lime 50 2735
Slate and shells 215 2950
Lime 50 3000
Slate and shells 150 3150
Lime 65 3215
Slate and shells 55 3270
Lime
10" casing, 103'; 8%" casing, 716'; 6%" casing. 1693'.
The SiKca Sand Company No. 3 (84) Well, located on the ridge one-third mile northwest of Craddock, the record of which is published in connection with the Craddock Section, page 157, has produced gas for several years from the Big Injun Sand. In the summer of 1915, the hole was drilled deeper in the hope of finding another productive sand, but, so far as known, the result was a failure.
The following well was a dry hole, no shows of oil oi gas being reported:
Butts-McCormick- Wilson No. 1 Well Record (85).
Banks District; on Hell Run, 0.9 mile southwest of Gftiddock; authority. Greater Pittsburgh Oil and Gas Company; completed, August 16, 1905; elevation, 2310' B.
Top. Bottom. Feet. Feet.
Sand, Salt 150 180
Lime 225 275
380 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
Sand, Salt 275 325
Lime 360 400
Lime 500 550
Sand, Salt 550 605
Red rock 725 839
Slate and lime shells 830 905
Sand, Mazton .1300 1320
Big Lime 1320 1589
Slate 1609 1613
Sand. Sauaw 1613 1626
Sand, white. Berea 1626 1935
Lime 1980 2010
Sand, dark, Gordon 2010 2080
Shells and slate 2080 2200
Sand, sharp. Fifth 2200 2252
10" casing, 53'; ZW casing, 486'.
The following well was estimated at 3 to 5 million feet in the Big Injun Sand:
SiUca Sand Co. No. 1 WeU Record (86).
Banks District; on Buckhannon River, at Craddock; authority.
Greater Pittsburgh Oil & Gas Company; completed in June, 1906; elevation, 2050' B.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet
Conductor 0 16
Unrecorded (water, hole full, 30') 16 200
Sand, Salt 200 240
Unrecorded (water, hole full, 80') 240 408
Lime 600 675
Sand, pebbly 925 1065
Sand 1065 1085
Sand, Maxton 1190 1220
Big Lime 1225 1320
Slate 1320 1325
Sand, Big Injun (gas, 1332' and 1350') 1325 1364
Total depth 1366
8" casing, 200'; 6%" casing, 660'. "Well gauged 175 pounds in 2" tubing fifth minute; rock pressure, about 375 to 400 pounds."
The following well was abandoned as a dry hole, having only slight shows of gas:
West Virginia Geological Survey. 38I
SUica Sand Co. No. 4 Well Record (87).
Banks District; on the ridge 0.4 mila east of Craddock; authority, Greater Pittsburgh Oil & Gas Company; elevation, 2605' B.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Soil 4 4
Sand 66 70
Slate 12 82
Lime 53 196
Slate 52 248
Slate 99 406
Lime 77 483
Slate 64 637
Sand 167 694
Coal, Hughea Ferry? 1 695
Slate 28 723
Lime 41 764
Slate 45 809
Lime 34 843
Lime 41 1060
Red rock 368 1428
Lime 12 1440
Slate 58 1515
Sand 43 1558
Slate 8 1566
Big Lime 120 1686
Unrecorded 100 1786
Red rock 6 1792
1803'; slight show of gas, 1810') 38 1820
Conductor, 8'; 8" casing, 730'; 6" casing, 1570'; 5" casing, 1794'.
The following well, which was estimated at 10 million feet daily capacity when drilled, blew wide open for 36 days before being capped. Its rock pressure in 1908 was 325 pounds. It still makes a small amount of gas, but about onehalf barrel of water daily has to* be pumped from the producing sand:
382 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Silica Sand Co. No. 2 Well Record (88).
Banks District; on Buckhannon River, 0.2 mile north of Craddock: authority. Greater Pittsburgh Oil & Gas Company; completed, October 29, 1905; elevation, 2036' B.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
Sand 300 325
Sand 413 447
Limestone 490 550
Sand 550 600
Red rock 600 890
Sand 890 910
Sand 945 970
Bio Lime 979 1300
Slate and shells 1300 1309
8and, Big Injun, (break of slate, 1315-1317';
gas, steel-line measure, 1328') 1309
Total depth 1350
Drilled pocket to 1418'; 10" casing, 23': 8%" casing, 490'; 6%" casing, 1309'.
The following well made a light show of gas, but was abandoned as a dry hole:
Sherman Heirs No. 1 Well Record (89).
Banks District; on Buckhannon River, 0.5 mile northeast of Craddock; authority. Greater Pittsburgh Oil & Gas Company; completed, January 9, 1906; elevation, 2025' B.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Unrecorded 40 40
Slate 37 80
Coal, Eagle 6 86
Lime 34 120
Sand, Salt 30 150
Lime 80 230
Slate 70 300
Lime 70 370
Slate 20 390
Coal, Seweil 6 396
Red rock 9 405
Sand 45 450
Lime 50 500
Red rock 80 580
Lime 20 600
Red rock 300 900
Lime 34 934
Sand 26 960
West Virginia Geological Survey. 383
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Lime 66 1016
Sand 60 1066
Big Lime 236 1300
Red rock 6 1333
Sand, Squaw 20 1363
Red rock 47 1400
Lime 20 1420
Red rock 30 1460
Lime 26 1475
Red rock 60 1626
Lime 20 1545
Red rock 30 1675
Lime to bottom 9 1684
10" casing. 36'; 8%" casing, 405'; 6H" casing, 1300'. "Well would have made probably sufficient gas to run a boiler.*'
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas, Banks District. — The
fact that the oil sands of Banks District occupy a monoclinal, or uniformly dipping position, indicates that their oil and gas contents are scattered rather than segregated into rich pools such as are found in regions where anticlines or synclines occur. It is possible, however, that extensions of the old fields may be made with profit, or new pools of value found. The following suggestions are made for further drilling: (1), The Frenchton Gas Field might be extended southwestward along the line of the 1900-foot structure contour in the direction of Frenchton and Big Knob. (2), The mixture of oil, gas, and water in the Salt Sand, found in many of the wells in the neighborhood of Bablin and Ingo, on the Little Kanawha River, indicates that wells drilled a short distance to the southeast along the rise of the rocks might avoid the watci and find oil or gas pay. (3), The large amount of gas found in the Big Injun Sand at Craddock indicates that other wells might be found in the same horizon. Apparently the best hope would be on a line due west from the Silica Sand Company No. 3 (84) Well, which is the only direction where no dry holes have been found. (4), The wide expanse of country lying in the triangle bounded by Frenchton, Ingo, and Craddock, has not been tested in any manner, and it is reasonable to believe that some of it may prove to hold gas in commercial quantity. Unfortunately the structure, being monoclinal, offers little clue and drilling must be done by chance.
384 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
WELL RECORDS AND PROSPECTIVE AREAS, WEST- ERN PORTION OF RANDOLPH COUNTY.
Early History.
Only four wells have been drilled for oil and gas in western Randolph, all of which have been commercial failures. Of these, two were drilled east of Rich Mountain, in the Tygart Valley region, and, owing to the great anticline that passes through Elkins and Beverly, start at a stratigraphic level far below any producing oil or gas sand of the State and have little value as tests since they did not go deep enough tc reach the lower sands of the Devonian and Silurian that produce in Ohio and Indiana. The other two wells were drilled west of Rich Mountain and therefore penetrated many of the West Virginia sands, but were dry holes, one having a show of oil in the Speechley Sand.
Summarized Records, Western Portion Of Randolph
County.
The following is a tabulated list of the wells of western Randolph. The same general explanations given in connection with the table of wells in Barbour, page 312, apply here. The following abbreviations of company names are used:
Buckhannon Chem Buckhannon Chemical Company.
Hope Hope Natural Gas Company.
Mead et al E. A. Mead and others.
T. V. Oil p . Tygart Valley Oil Company.
dn,u..,.H Isjssl
36 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
DETAILED WELL RECORDS AND PROSPECTIVE AREAS, LEAD8VILLE DISTRICT, RANDOLPH.
Leadsville District lies in the northern part of the county, next to Barbour. No wells have been drilled within its area, but the western part laps across the Belington Syncline, a geo logic feature that offers considerable structural relief. That portion of the District west of the Laurel Ridge is covered with the coal measures and must therefore contain many c. the underlying oil and gas horizons, making the presence r oil and gas possible. It is doubtful, however, in view of the fact that this territory is very close to the upturned and exposed edges of the strata along the east side of the mountain, whether drilling for oil or gas would be advisable.
DETAILED WELL RECORDS AND PROSPECTIVE AREAS, ROARING CREEK DISTRICT, RANDOLPH.
Roaring Creek District lies in the northwestern corner of the County, next to Barbour and Upshur, and is wholly covered by the Pennsylvanian rocks and should therefore have the underlying West Virginia sands. No wells have been drilled for oil or gas. The Belington Syncline and the Hiram Anticline pass southward across the District, affording idea structural relief, but since the oil sands crop along the eastern slope of Rich Mountain, it is doubtful whether oil or gas would be found in Roaring Creek District.
DETAILED WELL RECORDS AND PROSPECTIVE AREAS, MIDDLE FORK DISTRICT, RANDOLPH.
Middle Fork District lies in the extreme western part of Randolph next to Upshur and Webster. Only two tests for oil and gas have been drilled in the District. One of these is the Buckfaannon Chemical Company No. 1 (90) Well, drilled by this company on its own land at Newlon on thv Buckhannon River, in the summer of 1913. The detailed record of this well, published as a part of the Newlon Section, page 155, shows neither oil nor gas, although the well was
West Virginia Geological Survey. 387
drilled to a depth of 1481 feet, and passed through many of the sands. The other test is a deep hole drilled subsequent to the completion of field work in the County. Only a light show of oil was found in what appears to be the Speechley Sand, the record of which follows :
May ton Lumber Co. No. 4903 Well Record (90 A).
Middle Fork District; on Buckhannon River at Arvondale Junction; authority, Hope Natural Gas Company; completed, November 30, 1917 r elevation, 2265' B.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
Lilme, white, hard 150 157
Sand, white, hard (10" casing, 170') 157 170
Sand, dark, hard 170 190
Slate, black 350 460
Slate, dark 460 470
Sand, gray, Rosedale Salt 470 610
Slate 610 630
Gritty lime (8%" casing, 670') 630 685
Sand, gray, Maxton , . 685 700
Slate, gray 700 750
T/lme, gray 750 790
Slate, light 790 820
Lime, light 820 860
Gray ? 860 900
Red rock 900
Lime, white 1090 1110
Sand 1110 1154
Slate and shells 1154 1232
Sand 1232 1246
Slate 1246 1258
Lime 1258 1268
Slate and shells 1268 1281
Big Lime 1281 1341
Big Injun Sand 1341 1402
Sand, gray (6%" casing, 2081'), Fourth 2075 2091
Slate and shells 2091 2155
Sand, gray. Fifth 2155 2163
Slate and shells 2163 2395
Lime, white 2395 2475
Sand, white, Warren First? 2475 2525
Slate and shells 2525 3383
Slate 3410 3735
Sand, dark-gray 3748 3754
Slate and shells 3754 3768
Sand, gray, ShefEleld? 3768 3782
Slate and shells 3782 4000
Slate, soft, black 4000 4275
388 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Top. Bottom.
Feet. Feet.
Lime, gritty 4275 4310
Slate and shells 4310 4390
Slate 4390 4630
Slate and shells 4630 4925
Total depth 4949
'Plugged and abandoned".
The Hiram Anticline and the Belington Syncline traverse the District, affording good structural relief, and the area is all capped by the Pennsylvanian, assuring the presence of the oil sands below, but it is questionable whether drilling would be advisable in much of the District since the sands outcrop on the east side of Rich Mountain. The gas found in the Craddock Field of Ufishur County, near the Randolph Line, would indicate that there might be a possible eastward extension of the pay streak up the structural slope into Middle Fork District.
DETAILED WELL RECORDS AND PROSPECTIVE AREAS, HUTTONSVILLE DISTRICT, RANDOLPH.
Huttonsville District lies southeast of Middle Fork and is almost entirely outside of the basin that holds the Pennsylvanian rocks and the oil sands, there being only a small are? of these rocks along the head of Mill Creek. No tests have been drilled and it would seem that the chances for oil in any of the West Virginia sands would be almost hopeless. Whether deep production in the Ohio sands could be found in the region east of Rich Mountain is not germane to this Report.
Detailed Well Records And Prospective Areas,
Mingo District, Randolph.
Mingo District lies south of Middle Fork and is partly covered by the Pennsylvanian. The southeastern portion lies along the headwaters of Elk and Tygart Valley Rivers, where many of the oil sands crop above drainage. No tests have been drilled in the District, and it is doubtful whether drilling would be justified in the small area where the oil sands are probably present.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 389
Detailed Well Records, Beverly District, Randolph.
Beverly District lies along the Tygart Valley River east of Rich Mountain and is therefore outside of the region where the oil sands of West Virginia may be found. About the year 1903, the P. C. Daniels No. 1 (92) Well was drilled by the Tygart Valley Oil Company, on Files Creek, 1.3 miles southeast of Beverly. This well starts somewhere near the base of the Chemung Series, and, according to Mr. Daniels, was drilled to a depth of 1900 to 2000 feet, some light shows of gas being found. In the year 1910 the collected gas blew off the top of the conductor and a little gas still shows at the top of the casing.
Detailed Well Records, New Interest District,
Randolph.
New Interest District lies north of Leadsville and east of the Laurel Ridge and therefore covers a portion of the jjreat anticline that passes through Elkins. The Alonzo W. Murphy No. 1 (91), located on Saltlick Run of Leading Creek, one-half mile southwest of Montrose, was drilled on the crest of this arch, starting near the base of the Chemung Series. According to Mr. E. A. Mead, of Parkersburg, West Virginia, one of the interested parties, the detailed record has been lost, but he gives the following statement from memory:
"The formation was a bastard lime to about 600 feet, then brown shale to about 1850 feet, then brown shale and shells to 2385 feet, the total depth. The whole formation was on a slope. We got crooked holes every time we got a shell and had to drill from 1850 feet to the finish with a long star bit in order to get along at all."
According to Mr. Murphy, a large amount of alum (?) water was encountered, but no salt water, and there was one small pocket of gas that blew for one hour strong enough that the fire under the boiler was extinguished for safety.
Chapter Xi.
Coal.
In Chapters V to VIII, inclusive, a systematic description of all the coal seams found in the territory of this Report has been given, together with type sections and correlations. Some of the smaller beds that are not of commercial importance have been fully described. In the present Chapter, numerous actual measured sections will be published for those coals that are of minable thickness and purity, and estimates of their probable tonnage, with etchings showing their areal extent, will be given. At the end of the Chapter, there is a table of analyses, showing the chemical composition of alJ coals tested.
Statistics Of Coal Production.
Commercial coal mining has long been an established industry in Barbour and the western portion of Randolph, where many large and well-equipped plants are delivering to the markets a heavy annual tonnage. In Barbour the Redstone, Pittsburgh, Clarion, and Lower Kittanning seams are being mined, but in Randolph, where the coals of the Monongahela Series belong above the hilltops, mining has been carried on in the Lower Kittanning, Clarion, and Sewell Coals, the Clarion not being at present mined. In Upshur only a few commercial mining plants have been built, with production in the Redstone, Elk Lick, Upper Freeport, and Lower Kittanning Coals. There are three shaft mines in western Barbour, two of which have been abandoned. All of the others in the three counties are of the slope or drift variety, mining directly on the seams. Coke is produced in all three counties, Randolph being far in the lead of the other two.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
The following table, assembled from statistics given in the Annual Reports of the West Virginia Department of Mines, Earl A. Henry, Chief, for 1914 and 1915, gives the coal and coke production of the three counties for the past decade :
Coal and Coke Production of Barbour, Upshur, and Randolph Counties from 1906 to 1915, Inclusive.
Barbour County. Upshur County. Randolph County
Year.
Coal. I Coke. Long I Short Tons, i Tons.
Coal.
Coke.
Coal.
Long
Short
Long
Tons.
1 Tons.
Tons.
Coke. Short Tons.
The Coal Production of Barbour, Upshur, and Randolph
Counties for the years 1916 and 1917 is reported as follows:
Long Tons. Long Tons.
Barbour County 1,096,358 1,306,983
Upshur County 140,013 146,762
Randolph County 784,556 708,638
In the order of production of coal by counties, Barbour ranked 12th from 1908 to 1914, inclusive, and 13th in 1915; Upshur ranked 31st in 1912, 29th in 1913, 27th in 1914, and 28th in 1915; Randolph ranked 14th in 1912 and 1913, iSth in 1914, and 18th in 1915.
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In the above tables of statistics, two mines are included which are located in the eastern coal basin of Randolph County, and therefore outside the limits of this Report.
In Barbour, Upshur, and western Randolph, there are 19 coals that appear to have minable thickness and 18 others too ihin, impure, or irregular to be of more than local value. The minable coals in descending order are the Redstone and Pittsburgh of the Monongahela Series; the Elk Lick and Bakerstown of the Conemaugh Series; the Upper Freeport, Upper Kittanning, Middle and Lower Kittanning (often too close together to be mined as separate beds), and Clarion of the Allegheny Series ; Upper Mercer, Lower Mercer, Quakertown, Campbell Creek, Powellton, Eagle, and Gilbert of the Kanawha Group of the Pottsville Series; Hughes Ferry, Castle, Sewell, and Welch of the New River Group of the Pottsville Series.
Figure 3 shows the different coal seams of the territory of this Report, giving not only their relative thickness, but also the maximum inter\'al between them. Figures 4 to 20, inclusive, published in the present Chapter, will show, approximately, where each of the commercial seams occurs in possible minable thickness.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Coal.
Records Of Coal Test Borings, Barbour County.
Summarized Records.
In Barbour 76 tests for coal have been bored, all of which were visited in the field in order to secure the accurate location and surface level. Besides these tests 5 others have been made in adjoining regions of Taylor and Preston that bear directly on the coal resources of Barbour. An attempt was made to secure the records of these 81 borings but owing to the inability or unwillingness of some of the operators who made them, only part of them have been obtained. The following table, while lacking some of the details that it should contain, gives the surface elevations and ownership of all tn borings and the condensed records of such as were secured. The first column gives the key number on Map II, by which the position of the borings may be found, and in the elevation column the letter "L" signifies a hand-level determination, and "B" indicates that the aneroid barometer was used, checked on ihe nearest government elevation. The following abbreviations of company names have been used:
Baton & Co George S. Baton and Company.
Beckwith & Co G. S. Beckwlth and Company.
Clements C. & C Clements Coal and Coke Company.
Consolidation Consolidation Coal Company.
Davis C. & C Davis Coal and Coke Company.
Mohawk Mohawk Smokeless Coal Company.
Robinson et al J. F. Robinson and others.
Talbott et al R. E. Talbott and others.
Valley C. & C Valley Coal and Coke Company.
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West Virginia Geological Survey. 399
Detailed Coal Test Records, Pleasant District,
Barbour.
In Pleasant District one test has been drilled for coal, the Consolidation Coal Company No. 1 (1) Boring, located on the head of Foxgrape Run, 1 mile southwest of Berryburg. This test starts about 175 feet above the level of the Pittsburgh Coal but its detailed record could not be obtained.
Detailed Coal Test Records, Elk District, Barbour.
In Elk District two tests have been drilled for coal. The Consolidation Coal Company No. 2 (2) Boring, made on the head of Stewart Run, 1.5 miles southwest of Berryburg, starts at a level of about 175 feet above the Pittsburgh Coal. Its detailed record was not secured. The Robert Wood No. 1 (3) Boring, located on Elk Creek at Elk City, starts at a level of approximately 525 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal, and should therefore have been a test of the coals of the Allegheny Series, but its detailed record could not be obtained.
Detailed Coal Test Records, Union District, Barbour.
The George W. Post No. 2 (4) Boring, located on First Big Run, 1 mile northwest of Malta, starts at an approximate level of 400 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal. According to Hon. R. E. Talbott, of Philippi, one of the interested parties, a coal seam was found at 231' 7" which was 4' thick with a 3" bone parting. This bed apparently correlates with the Upper Freeport Coal. Another seam was found at 287' 6", being 5' 9" thick with 8" of bone parting, and this is probably the Lower Freeport Coal, although the thickness seems excessive. Three other tests were made in Union District by the same parties, but their records could not be obtained. The George W. Post No. 1 (5) Boring, located on First Big Run, 0.9 mile northwest of Malta, starts at a level of about 435 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal. The Wm. M. Ross No. 1 (6) Boring, located on Big Run just northwest of Volga, starts at a level of about 370 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal. The H. N. Rohr Heirs No. 1 (7) Boring, located on the west side of
Coal.
Tygart Valley River, 0.8 mile east of Volga, starts near the level of the Upper Freeport Coal.
East of the Tygart Valley River in the immediate vicinity of Carrolton, three tests were once made on the W. E. Haller farm by G. S. Beckwith and Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, but the records are not now available. The following quotation is made from Mr. Beckwith's letter concerning them :
"We do not have the record of the holes drilled on the Haller place. My recollection is that in the first two holes (Nos. 9 and 10 on Map II), which were drilled near the brow of the hill, we encountered a broken condition, which gave us no record of consequence, and resulted, as I remember now, in the loss of our tools. In the last hole drilled (No. 8 on Map II), which was out behind the buildings, I think we encountered two seams of coal showing fair thickness. I do not remember at what depths these seams were reached or the thickness. We sold this property about six years ago and I have not been down there since. Mr. Lane, the engineer who had charge of the drilling, would have had the records of the holes, but he died in the West three or four years ago."
Detailed Coal Test Records, Philippi District, Barbour.
In Philippi District nine holes have been bored for coal. The Abe McDonald No. 1 (11), located on a branch of Elk Creek, 1.4 miles southeast of Elk City, starts at an approximate level of 465 feet below the Pittsburgh Coal. The Freeport Smokeless Coal Company No. 1 (12), Daniel Diamond No. 1 (13), and J. S. Thacker No. 1 (14), located near Lillian, were bored by parties who owned the property prior to its acquisition by the Freeport Smokeless Coal Company. The records of the borings could not be located. The Brown Burner No. 1 (15), located on Little Laurel Run, 2 miles northwest of Calhoun, and the D. M. Boylen No. 1 (16), located on Big Laurel Run, 1.1 miles northeast of Mt. Liberty, start not far from the Upper Freeport Coal horizon and should have penetrated the Lower Kittanning, but their records could not be obtained.
Below Philippi two holes were drilled on the property of the Hall Coal Company, one located at Meriden and the other 0.6 mile northeast of Berryburg Junction. Concerning these borings, Mr. A. Thompson, of Philadelphia, one of the interested parties, says the following in his letter concerning them :
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West Virginia Geological Survey. 4Oi
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'TheBe drillings were not auffldentiy extensive to develop anything, so far as we are able to discover. Tlie one located at Meriden (No. 17 on Kap II), near the No. 1 tipple, was drilled only 139 feet The one at the Nelson Newman farm (No. 18 on Map II) was drilled only 116 feet There was nothing whatever cut in the way of coal measures by the drilling near the No. 1 tipple at Keriden. At the Newman farm the six-foot vein (Lower Kittanning, D. B. R.), which is the lower vein worked at Meriden, was cut twelve to fifteen feet below the surface. No other coal measures were developed by this drilling,— in fact, the only purpose in drilling this hole was to determine the depth below the surface of the six-foot vein at this point. Not one of the four men actively interested in the Hall Coal Company at the time this drilling was done is now living, and the coring procured at that time was not regarded of sufficient importance to preserve.'
The record of the Boat Run Coal Company No. 1 (19) Boring, located at Arden, alongside the mine tipple, is published in the section for Arden, page 96. It was bored to a total depth' of 104.5 feet, and penetrated the Upper Mercer Coal.
Detailed Coal Test Records. Cove District, Barbour.
In Cove District ten borings have been made for coal. Three holes were put down with a churn drill by Hess Poling, of Philippi, along the Tygart Valley River about one mile southwest of Moatsville, being located on the steep hillside east of the River. The Martin Nicola No. 1 (20) starts level with the Lower Kittanning Coal, and, according to Mr. Poling, was drilled to a depth of 40 feet when the bailer was lost, no coal being found. The Jasper England No. 1 (21) starts level with an old prospect in the Lower Freeport Coal and was drilled to a depth of 125 feet, finding 3 feet of coal at 95 feet, that would seem to correlate with the Lower Kittanning. The Jasper England No. 2 (22) starts above the Upper Freeport Coal and penetrated that seam at 40 feet, finding it 4 feet thick. The hole was 60 feet deep.
Three tests have been made for coal near Stonehouse, Knottsville District, Taylor County, less than two miles from the Barbour Line. The record of the E. H. Bennett No. 4 (23) was never obtained by the Survey, but that of the E. H. Bennett No. 2 (24) is published in the Monongalia-Marion-Taylor Report, page 158, and that of the E. E. McDaniel No. 3 (25) appears in the same volume, page 156.
Coal.
Three tests have been made along Sandy Creek in the immediate vicinity of Dent, two of which are in Preston County. The records of these two holes, as previously published in the Preston Report, pages 252 and 253, are as follows :
Reno District, Preston County; at Dent, on Sandy Creek; authority, J. M. Quffey; elevation, 1314' L.
Thickness. TotaL Pt. In. Ft, In.
Sand and clay 15 0 16 0
Shale, sandy 10 0 26 0
Sandstone 10 0 36 0
Sand shale 14 6 49 6
Slate 0 1 49 6
Coal 2' 6" 1
Coal, dirty... 0 4% J
Slate 0
Shale, dark 10
Light sand shale 30
Shale, sandy 16
Sandstone 7
Shale, hard, dark 6
Light sandy shale 26
Dark sand shale 14
Shale, sandy 14
Sandstone, East Lynn 77
Shale, dark 4
Sandstone, fine-grained 1
Sandstone, hard, coarse 13
Coal, Lower Kittannlng 3
Dark, hard slate, shale to bottom. . . 6
Reno District, Preston County; at Dent, on Sandy Creek; author* Ity, J. M. Gufley; elevation, 1325' L.
Thickness. TotaL Pt. In. Pt. In.
Drift 12 0 12 0
Sandstone, sharp and fine. Lower
Mahoning 27 0 39 0
Slate 19 40 9
Coal 4' 1"! Upper
Freeport. . 6 8 46 6
2%
3%
6%
0%
0%
Binder 0 2
Coal 1 5
Plre clay 0 4 46 9
West Virginia Geological Survey. 403
The record of the James M. Hamilton (28) Boring, located on the Barbour side of Sandy Creek at Dent, was never secured.
The record of the James Lindsay No. 1 (29) Boring, made on Sandy Creek, 1 mile northwest of Colebank, is published in connection "ysrith the section for Colebank, page 101. The following is the record of another hole in the same vicinity :
Cove District; on Sandy Creek, 0.2 mUe west of Colebank; authority, J. M. Gufley; elevation, 1436' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft In.
Surface, soil, and
loose shale 10.5'
Conglomerate, with J BufTalo
bles 9.5 1 stone.. 46 0 46 0
Conglomerate 4.0
Sandstone, coarse,
broken 22.0
Shale, gray 6 0 52 0
Fire clay shale 11 0 68 0
Shale, soft, gray, mixed with lime. 20 0 83 0
Shale, sandy 9 0 92 0
Shale, gray, broken 8 6 100 6
Sand, Upper Mahoning 20 0 120 6
Shale, blue 0 10 121 4
Shale, dark 0 2 121 6
Shale, blue 0 6 122 0
Sandstone, coarse. . . 14' '
Conglomerate, hard. 5 Lower
Sandstone, hard. Mahoning 26 0 147 0
white, with dark
shale partings 6
Shale, dark-gray 8 0 155 0
Shale, sand, with vein tracings 18 0 173 0
Shale, gray, sandy 12 0 185 0
Shale, dark, sandy 1 10 186 10
Coal.
Coal 0 2
Bone 0
Coal 1 1
Binder 0 %yk
Coal 0 2
Binder 0 3
Coal and binder
mixed 0 8
Coal 0 4
Fire clay
binder 0 4
Shale 1 10
Coal 1 0
Shale 0 1
Coal 0 8
Shale 0 1
Coal 0 5
Thickness. Ft In.
TotaL Ft In.
J
Shale, sandy 6
Fire clay shale 2
Shale, sandy 10
Fire clay shale 2
Shale, sandy, with fire clay 18
Sandstone, Upper Freeport 23
Fire clay shale 0
Sandstone, coarse. Lower Freeport 80 Shale, dark, mixed with coal
atreaka, Upper Klttanning Coal
horizon 2
Shale, dark-gray, to bottom 4
The James Poling No. 1 (31) Boring, located on a branch of Brushy Fork of Teter Creek, 0.3 mile north of Valley Furnace, starts at a level of about 25 feet above the Brush Creek Coal. Its detailed record was not obtained.
The following is the record of a churn drill hole in the same vicinity:
Charles Nestor Coal Test Boring (32).
Cove District; on Brushy Fork of Teter Creek, 0.4 mile southwest of Valley Furnace; authority, J. M. Guffey; elevation, 1460' B.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Drift, shale, and sandstone 205 0 205 0
Coal, streak. Middle Klttanning 205 0
Unrecorded, with sandstone 22 9 227 9
Coal, Lower Kittanning 5 0 232 9
Fireclay Ill 234 8
West Virginia Geological Survey. 40$
The record of the Lewis Auvill No. 1 (33) Boring, located on Brushy Fork of Teter Creek, 1 mile northeast of Nestorville, is published in connection with the section for Nestorville, page 104.
The S. B. Stalnaker No. 1 (34) Boring, located on a branch of Flat Run, 0.5 mile southwest of Nestorville, starts about 190 feet above the Lower Kittanning Coal. Its detailed record was not secured.
Detailed Coal Test Records, Glade District, Barbour
In Glade District five holes have been bored for coal, the logs of three of which are available through the courtesy of John M. Rayburn, Mining Engineer, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, who had them bored for Col. J. M. Guffey. The following is the record of one of these holes:
E. P. Moore No. 1 Coal Test Boring (35).
Qlade District; on Glady Creek, 0.8 mile northwest of MeadowYllIe; authority, J. M. Guffey; elevation, 1680' B.
Thickness. Total.
Pt. In. Pt. In.
Surface clay and sand 20 0 20 0
Shale, sandy 49 0 69 0
Coal, Upper Freeport 4 8 73 8
Shale 80 8 153 11
Coal, Lower Freeport 3 1 157 0
Shale 62 0 219 0
Coal, Upper Kittarmlng 18 220 8
Shale 28 4 249 0
Coal, Middle Kittanning 17 250 7
Shale . . . , 34 3 284 10
Shale 4 7 295 0
The Regina A. Stalnaker No. 1 (36) Boring was located on the opposite side of the public highway, but its record was not secured. The Nelson H. Harris No. 1 (37) Boring, located on Glady Creek, 0.4 mile south of Meadowville, penetrated all the coals of the Allegheny Series. Its record is published in connection with the section for Meadowville, page 107. The James O. Boyles No. 1 (38) Boring was located on Sugar Creek, 1.4 miles southeast of Vannoys Mill. Its detailed record
4o6
Coal.
was not secured. The record of the Isaac Coonts Heirs No. 1 (39) Boring, located on Sugar Creek, 0.6 mile south of Flora, is published in connection with the section for Flora, page 108.
Detailed Coal Test Records, Barker District, Barbour.
Twenty holes have been drilled for coal in Barker District, with the evident intention of testing the Lower Kittanning Coal, and the records of these borings would furnish valuable information on the underground coals of the District, but most of the operators refused to give copies of these logs. In such cases there is always serious doubt as to whether the coal sought was found in good development. These borings are all listed in the table of summarized records, pages 397-398, and their locations are shown on Map II.
The T. T. Elliott No. 1 (47) Boring, located on Mill Creek, at the northeast edge of Belington, was drilled under a cooperative agreement by the land-owners of that vicinity. According to Mr. J. F. Robinson, of Belington, agent for those interested, the hole was drilled 200 feet deep, and found a coal seam not less than 6 feet thick at a depth of 69j4 feet, coming just ' under a white sandstone 18 feet thick. The coal found was evidently the Upper Freeport as the boring starts not far from *he Brush Creek horizon. No other coal was found, the hole not being deep enough to reach the Lower Kittanning which should belong at about 250 feet.
Nine holes have been drilled on coal property now in possession of the Davis Coal and Coke Company in the southern end of the District, and the detailed records of five of these have been secured from that company, as follows :
Davis Coal & Coke Co. No. 5 Coal Test Boring (52).
Barker District; on the Tygart Valley River, 0.7 mile south of Dartmoor; authority, Davis Goal & Coke Co.; completed, March 22, 1911; elevation, 1835' B.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. B. In.
Clay, yellow 8 0 8 0
Shale, soft, light 13 0 21 0
Shale, gray, sandy 11 0 32 0
Sandstone, Upper Freeport 18 0 45 0
Shale, gray 10 0 55 0
Middle
West Virginia Geological Survey. 407
Thickness. Total.
Pt. In. Pt. In.
Sandstone 8 0 63 0
Shale, gray 3 0 66 0
Fire clay, flint 2 0 68 0
Shale, gray, sandy 10 0 78 0
Shale, gray, sticky 12 0 90 0
Shale, gray, sandy 33 0 123 0
Shale, dark 5 0 128 0
Sandstone 4 0 132 0
Shale, gray 9 0 141 0
Shale, gray, sandy 24 0 165 0
Shale, dark 12 4 177 4
Coal 0' 5"
Shale, dark 1 8
Coal 2 0
Shale, soft, sticky.2 0
Coal 1 6
Sandstone 1 1
Coal 0 9
Shale, dark '. 2 5 189 2
Coal 3' 5"! Lower
Binder 0 2 V Klttannlng 6 7 195 9
Coal 3 0 J
Fire clay 13 197 0
Davis Coal & Coke Co. No. 1 Coal Test Boring (53).
Barker District; on Beaver Greek, 0.9 mile southeast of Dartmoor; authority, Davis Coal & Coke Co.; completed, February 24, 1911; elevation, 2050' B.
Thickness. Total.
B. In. Ft. In.
Clay 3 0 3 0
Clay and boulders 3 0 6 0
Clay 4 0 . 10 0
Clay shale 2 0 12 0
Shale, dark 11 0 23 0
Shale, light-gray 9 0 32 0
Shale, tough, blue 21 0 53 0
Shale, blue 27 0 80 0
Shale, sandy 6 0 86 0
Sandstone, Lower Freeport 12 0 98 0
Shale, gray 10 0 108 0
Sandstone 6 0 114 0
Shale, gray 3 0 117 0
Sandstone, shaly 5 0 122 0
Shale, blue 2 0 124 0
Sandstone, shaly 6 0 130 0
Shale, tough, blue 26 0 156 0
Shale, gray 14 0 170 0
Sandstone, shaly 3 0 173 0
Shale, gray 12 0 185 0
Shale, gray, sandy 8 0 193 0
Shale, blue 10 0 203 0
Shale, dark 3 10 206 10
4o8 COAL.
Thickness. TotaL
Ft. In. Ft In.
Coal r 0"! Middle
Shale, dark 0 6 Klttannlng 2 6 209 4
Shale, gray 2 0 212 1
Coal 2' 7"! Lower
Bone coal 0 4 KltUnnlng 5 0 217 1
Coal 2 1 j
Fire clay 0 6 217 6
Shale, sandy 4 6 222 0
Barker District; on the ridge 0.9 mile southeast of Dartmoor;
authority. Davis Coal ft Coke Co.; completed, March 2, 1911; elevation. 2085' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Clay, yellow 9 0 9 0
Clay shale 10 10 0
Shale, dark 20 0 30 0
Shale, soft, gray 14 0 44 0
Shale, blue. sandy 10 45 0
Shale, gray, sandy 8 0 58 0
Shale, gray 4 0 57 0
Shale, variegated 20 0 77 0
Sandstone, Lower Freeport 20 0 97 0
Shale, gray 9 0 106 0
Shale, gray, sandy 32 0 188 0
Shale, gray 3 0 141 0
Fire clay, flint 2 0 143 0
Shale, gray 18 0 161 0
Shale, gray, with sandstone partings 27 0 188 0
Shale, gray 9 2 197 2
Coal r 0"!
Coal 1 4 Klttanning 3 11 201 1
Sand shale 0 5
Coal 0 7
Sand shale '. 5 3 206 4
Coal 2' 8%"1 Lower
Shale, dark 0 4 Klttannlng 4 8 211 8
Coal 1 7
Fire clay 10 212 8
less.
Total.
n.
Ft. In.
Middle Kittannino 5 5 98 6
West Virginia Geological Survey. 409
Davis Coal & Coke Co. (Wm. J. PhilKps) No. 3 Coal Test
Barker District; on Beaver Greek, 1.3 miles east of Dartmoor; authority, Davis Coal & Coke Co.; completed, March 11, 1911; elevation, 2050' B.
Clay, yellow 6
Gravel and clay 3
Shale, soft, light 6
Sandstone, medium-hard. Lower
Freeport 6
Shale, blue 4
Sandstone 10
Shale, gray 12
Limestone, Jotinatown 2
Shale, variegated 11
Shale, gray, sticky 6
Shale, gray, and shale, sandy,
mixed 24
Shale, dark 4
Coal 10"
Shale, dark 2 6
Coal 1 4
Sandstone 0 5
Coal 0 4
Shale, dark 2 4 100 10
Shale, dark 0 3 Klttannlng 3 0 103 10
Coal 0 7 J
Fire clay 3 2 107 0
Barker District; on the head of Mill Creek, 1.8 miles etat of Dartmoor; authority, Davis Coal & Coke Co.: completed, March 15, 1911; elevation, 2175' B.
Thickness. Total. B. In. Ft. In.
Clay, yellow 3 0 3 0
Shale, gray 6 0 8 0
Shale, soft clay 10 0 18 0
Shale, dark 11 10 29 10
Coal, Upper Freeport 0 8 30 6
Shale, soft, gray 19 6 50 0
Shale, gray, sandy 8 0 58 0
Sandstone, broken . . 5n Sandstone, medium- I Upper
hard 10 J Freeport 15 0 73 0
Shale, gray, with hard sandstone
bands 7 0 80 0
Sandstone, hard. Lower Freeport. . 14 0 94 0
4Io
Coal.
Thickness. Total.
In. Ft. In.
Shale, hlack 10 95 0
Sandstone, medium-hard 8 0 98 0
Sandstone, hard 14 0 112 0
Shale, gray 8 0 120 0
Limestone, Johnstown 1 0 121 0
Shale, gray 4 0 126 0
Shale, gray, sandy 26 0 151 0
Shale, gray, sandy, with sandstone
bands 12 0 163 0
Shale, gray 4 0 167 0
Sandstone, medium-hard. East Lynn 15 0 182 0
Shale, gray 8 0 190 0
Shale, dark 5 8 195 3
Coai, bony 0 5 195 8
Shale, soft, sticky 4 4 200 0
Shale, dark 4 10 204 10
Coal r 6"! Middle
Coal, bony 0 5 J
Shale, gray 1 10 209 2
Shale, gray 0 4 . Klttannlng 3 2 212 4
Coal 0 7
Fire clay 2 8 215 0
Detailed Coal Test Records, Valley District, Barbour.
In Valley District 23 holes have been bored for coal by the Valley Coal and Coke Company, of Ridgeway, Pennsylvania. Through the courtesy of J. C. Williams, geologist of the company, six of these records are available, as given on the following pages :
A. W. Helwig No. 6 Coal Test Boring (63).
Valley District; on the ridge 1 mile southwest of Wilinoth Ford; authority. Valley Coal & Coke Co.; elevation, 1925' L.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. B. In.
Surface 25 0 25 0
Sandstone, soft.
East Lynn 27 10 62 10
gray 3' 0"
Sandstone, hard,
gray 12 0
Sandstone, darkgray 12 10
Coal, bony. Middle Klttannlng 1
Clay 6
Gray slate and shale 6
Coal, Lower Kittanning 6
Fire clay, to bottom 3
West Virginia Geological Survey. 4Ii
A. V. Wilmoth No. 5 Coal Test Boring (64 A).
Valley District; on a branch of Middle Fork River; 0.8 mile southeast of Werner; authority. Valley Coal & Coke Co.; elevation, 2160' L.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 1 0 1 0
Sand, gray, coarse 5 0 6 0
Slate, gray 20 0 26 0
Lime 3 0 29 0
Clay 1 0 30 0
Slate, gray 11 0 41 0
Sandstone, gray, Mahoning 13 0 54 0
Slate, dark 2 0 56 0
Coal, slaty 1' 9" Upper
Coal 1 3 5 Freeport 3 0 59 0
Clay 3 0 62 0
Slate, dark-gray 10 0 72 0
Slate, dark-gray 2 V Freeport 16 0 88 0
Sandstone, gray 10 J
Sand shale, gray 9 0 97 0
Sand, dark, hard 1 0 98 0
Slate, dark 8 0 106 0
Coat, Lower Freeport 0 3 106 3
Slate, dark 2 0 108 3
Sandstone, dark. 2 9 111 0
Slate, black 3 6 114 6
Coal r 4"
Clay, slate parting 1 9
Coal, dirty 0 3
Coal, good 2 1
Clay '. 4 1 124 0
Clay, siliceous 4 0 128 0
Sand shale, gray 8 0 136 0
Sandstone, light-gray. East Lynn.. 42 0 178 0
Sand, gray 20 0 198 0
Sand, dark 2 0 200 0
Slate, black 8 6 208 6
Coal, Middle Kittanning 0 6 209 0
Sandstone, dark 8 0 212 0
Sandstone, light 7 9 219 9
Coal, bone 0' 2" 1 Lower
Coal, good 6 4 Kittanning 5 6 225 8
Fire clay, to bottom 13 226 6
Robert Tallman No. 2 Coal Test Boring (68).
Valley District; on the head of Big Run, 2.8 miles southwest of
Belington; authority. Valley Coal & Coke Co.; elevation, 1906' Ir.
Thickness. Total.
Pt. In. Pt. In.
Conductor 9 0 9 0
Upper
Kittanning 5 6 119 11
Coal.
Thickness. TotaL Ft. In. Ft In.
Gray sandstone ... .19' Lrlght-gray sandstone 18 V Lower
stone 81 J
Slate shale 33 0 110 0
Sandstone 9 0 119 0
Black slate 4 0 123 0
Gray slate 31 0 154 0
Coal, Middle Kittannlng 4 6 158 6
Slate and rock 4 0 162 6
Coal, Lower KltUnning 7 0 169 6
"I was called away and the driller, Mr. G. Ball, gave me the above log."
The record of the Cora Wilson (Wm. Boner) No. 1 (69) Boring, located 1 mile southwest of Dartmoor, is published in the section for Junior, page 115. The record of the Blackman Wilmoth No. 3 (70) Boring, located on the head of Grassy Fork of Zebs Creek, 2.5 miles southwest of Belington, is published in connection with the section for Belington, page 112.
John Gibson No. 4 Coal Test Boring (73).
Valley District; on a branch of Grassy Fork of Zebs Creek, 3.7
miles southwest of Zebs Creek; authority. Valley Coal & Coke Co.; elevation, 1919' L.
Thickness. Total.
Pt. In. Ft. In.
Surface 7 0 7 0
Sandstone, gray 32 6 39 6
Fire clay 3 0 42 6
Gray sandstone
East Lynn 72 6 115 0
and slate 30' O'
Sandstone, coarse,
hard 42 6
Sand, very hard 0
Slate 2
Coal, Middle Kittannlng 3 10
Fire clay 0
Sandstone, gray 20 10
Coal, cannel 0' 9" 7 Lower
Coal 6 6 j Kittannlng 7 3
Clay 1
Sandstone, coarse, white, to bottom 2
West Virginia Geological Survey. 4I3
Records Oe Coal Test Borings, Upshur County.
Summarized Records.
In Upshur 33 tests have been bored for coal, many of which were made with the diamond drill and the remainder with the chum drill that preserves no core. The accurate locations and surface elevations of all these holes were secured in the field and an attempt to obtain the detailed records was made, but through inability or unwillingness many of the operators failed to honor the requests for this information. The following table, similar to that published for Barbour County, pages 397-398, the explanations concerning which are applicable here, gives the surface elevations, ownership, and the condensed records of such borings as were obtained. The following abbreviations of company names have been used :
Buckhannon River Buckhannon River Coal Company.
Hart Bros Hart Brothers.
Red Rock Red Rock Fuel Company.
Steele et al George M. Steele and others.
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West Virginia Geological Survey. 4Is
Detailed Coal Test Records, Warren District, Upshur.
Four holes have been bored for coal in Warren District, mainly to test the Redstone and Pittsburgh seams, all of them being located on the waters of Turkey Run, as shown on Map IV. None of these records was secured.
Detailed Coal Test Records, Buckhannon District,
Upshur.
In Buckhannon District 14 holes have been drilled, partly to test the Redstone and Pittsburgh, and partly to locate the Upper Freeport Coal. Some of these records are available, as follows :
H3n:e Brake No. 1 Coal Test Boring (82).
Buckhannon District; on Mud Lick Ron, 2.5 miles northeast of
Lorentz; authority. Red Rock fel Company; completed, September 12, 1911; elevation, 1465' B.
Thickness. Total. B. In. Ft. In.
Surface 8 0 8 0
Slate, gray 3 4 11 4
Coal, Redstone 4 4 15 8
Fireclay 2 0 17 8
Sandstone, Weton 8 6 26 2
Slate, gray 7 0 33 2
Limestone, Redstone 10 0 43 2
Fire clay and limestone, in streaks .73 50 5 Coal and slate (should be Pittsburgh seam) 0 3 50 8
Slate and fire clay 6 4 57 0
Sandstone 2 6 59 6
Shale, gray, and fire clay 7 6 67 0
The record of the D. D. T. Famsworth No. 1 (83) Boring, located at Buckhannon, is published in connection with the section for that place, page 126. The record of the S. J. Strader No. 1 (84) Boring, located on the head of Cutright Run, 2 miles southwest of Tenerton, is published in connection with the section for Cutright Run, page 128. It was not drilled deep enough to reach the Upper Freeport Coal, which it was intended to test.
4l6 COAL
Lloyd Brake No. 1 Coal Test Boring (85).
BuckhaniLon District; on Outright Run, 1.1 miles northeast of Hlfir klevllle; authority, Buckhiinon River Coal Co.; elevation, 1440' B.
Thickness. Total. Wt. In. Ft In.
Clay, gravel, aud yellow shale 12 0 12 0
Shale, blue 21 0 83 0
Shale, dark 2 0 35 0
Shale, blue, sandy 18 0 53 0
Slate, black 0 6 53 6
Coal, Upper Freeport 5 6 59 0
Shale, blue 12 0 71 0
T. B. Lane No. 1 Coal Test Boring (86).
Buckhannon District; on Cutright Run, 0.9 mile northward from Hinkleville; authority, A. D. Simon; elevation, 1425' B.
Thickness. Total. B. In. Ft. In.
Surface 16 0 16 0
Sandstone, Mahoning 14 0 30 0
Slate k 13 0 43 0
Slate 0 2 f Upper Freeport 6 11 49 11
Coal 0 5 J
Albert Hinkle No. 1 Coal Test Boring (86 A).
Buckhannon District; on Cutright Run, 0.9 mile northwest of Hinkleville; authority, A. D. Simon; elevation, 1470' B.
Thickness. TotaL
Ft. In. Pt. In.
Surface 5 0 5 0
Sandstone, yellow . . 10' ")
Shale, gray 7 fSaltsburg. 41 0 46 0
Sandstone, white ... 4 J
Shale, dark-gray 6 0 52 0
Sand shale, gray 12 0 64 0
Slate, black 4 0 68 0
Coal, Bakeratown 1 6 69 6
Shale, gray, pavement 4 6 74 0
Sand shale, gray 9 0 88 0
Shale, gray 11 0 94 0
Shale, red 5 0 99 0
Blue rock 18 0 117 0
Shale, dark-gray 11 0 128 0
Shale, red 16 0 144 0
Sand shale, gray 5 0 149 0
Sand rock, steel-gray, Mahoning 16 0 165 0
Shale, gray 6 0 170 0
Slate, black 5 0 175 0
Coal, Upper Freeport 6 6 181 6
Shale, gray, pavement 3 6 185 0
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West Virginia Geological Survey. 417
Ithiel Hinkle No. 1 Coal Test Boring (87).
Bnckhannon District; on Outright Run, 1.1 miles northwest of Hinklevllle; authority, Buckhannon River Coal Co.; elevation, 1630' B.
Thickness. Total.
Pt. In. Ft. In.
Surface 8 0 8 0
Sand shale 42 0 50 0
Slate 27 0 77 0
Sandstone 12 0 89 0
Fire clay 7 0 96 0
Sand shale 28 0 124 0
Sandstone 39 0 163 0
Slate 21 0 184 0
Coal, Upper Freeport 6 6 189 6
Fire clay 0 6 190 0
Detailed Coal Test Records, Union District, Upshur.
The only test bored for coal in Union District is the John £. Geibel No. 1 (91), located on the ridge 0.7 mile southwest of Midvale, where the Coal and Coke Railway crosses Middle Fork River. According to Teets, this boring starts about 10 feet below the Lower Kittanning Coal horizon, one coal, V 6" thick, being found at 17 feet, which would correlate with the Clarion, and another, O' 7" thick, at 317 feet that may represent the Gilbert Coal.
Detailed Coal Test Records, Meade District, Upshur.
In Meade District 10 holes have been bored for coal, several of them being in the region west of Adrian where the Upper Freeport Coal lies under drainage. Unfortunately, only a few of these records have been obtained. The following hole starts about 70 feet below the Upper Freeport Coal :
S. G. Casto No. 1 Coal Test Boring (92).
Meade District; on Bull Run, at Adrian; authority, Buckhannon River Coal Company; elevation, 1431' L.
Thickness. Total.
Pt. In. Pt. In.
Surface t.. 8 0 8 0
Sand shale, gray 22 0 30 0
Shale, dark 19 0 49 0
Shale, gray, soft 5 0 54 0
Slate, black 2 6 56 6
Coal.
Tbickness. Total.
Ft. In. m. In.
Coal and bone, Upper Kittanning.. 0 6 57 0
Shale, dark-gray 3 0 60 0
Conglomerate, dark- 1
Sandstone, white 2 Of 7 6 67 6
Ckmglomerate, dark..l 6
Coal, Middle Kittanning 0 6 68 0
Shale, gray 2 0 70 0
Shale, dark 10 0 80 0
Shale, gray 6 0 86 0
Shale, dark 8 0 94 0
Sandstone, dark-brown.. 4' 8 0 102 0
Shale, gray, soft 7 0 109 0
Fireclay 3 0 112 0
Shale, gray 5 0 117 0
Coal, Lower Kittanning 16 118 6
Shale, gray, pavement 5 6 124 0
Steel-gray rock... 14' 1
Sandstone, white. 46 j-IHomewood. .. 61 0 185 0
Sandstone, dark.. 1
Slate, dark 16 186 6
Coal, Upper Mercer 0 6 187 0
Sandstone, white 16 0 203 0
Sand shale, dark 10 0 213 0
Slate, black 9 0 222 0
Coal, Lower Mercer 10 223 0
Shale, dark-gray 16 0 239 0
SlatQ, black 16 0 255 0
Shale, gray 14 0 269 0
Coal, Quakertown 7 0 276 0
Shale, pavement 4 0 280 0
Sandstone, dark 1 0 281 0
Will Lance No. 1 Coal Test Boring (98).
Meade District; on Pringle Fork of Stonecoal Creek, 0.6 mile northwest of Abbott; authority, A. D. Simon; completed, December 31. 1906; elvatlon, 1395' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 35 0 35 0
Soapstone and shale 32 0 67 0
Sandstone 16 0 83 0
Coal, bony, Bakerstown 16 84 6
Fire clay 16 0 100 6
Shale, red 4 0 104 6
Shale, light. 6 0 110 6
Shale, red 4 0 114 6
Fire clay, red 4 6 119 0
Shale, light 3 6 122 6.
Sandstone 23 6 146 0
Slate, black 6 0 152 0
West Virginia Geological Survey. 419
Thickness. Total.
Pt. In. Pt. In.
Soapstone 20 0 172 0
Shale, light 11 0 183 0
Coal, bony, Brush Creek 0 8 183 8
Fire clay and soapstone, to bottom 22 4 206 0
The G. W. Fish No. 1 (100) Boring, located on Big Run of Buckhannon River, just southwest of Alton, was drilled to about 350 feet, according to Mr. Fish, of Buckhannon, but as a portion of the core had been lost and no other record was kept it was impossible to compile a log of the hole.
Detailed Coal Test Aec0Rd8, Washington District,
Upshur.
Only three holes have been bored for coal in Washington District. The Geo. M. Steele No. 1 (101), located at the forks of Middle Fork River, 0.7 mile southwest of Gale, starts about 320 feet below the Lower Kittanning Coal and probably tested the lower coals of the Pottsville Series, but its record could not be secured.
At Alexander, on the Buckhannon JRiver, the locations of two bore holes were pointed out to the writer, and they have been placed on Map IV, but according to Mr. J. B. Hart, of Clarksburg, West Virginia, one of the owners of the property when the holes were reported drilled, only one test was started and this was abandoned before much drilling was done.
Detailed Coal Test Records, Banks District, Upshur.
In Banks District the only test bored for coal was the Gordon B. Brake No. 1 (104), located on Whites Camp, 1.7 miles southwest of Rock Cave. This hole starts 54 feet, by hand-level, below the Brush Creek Coal, but its detailed record is not available.
Records Of Coal Test Borings, Western Portion Of Randolph County.
Summarized Records.
In western Randolph 38 holes have been bored for coal, some of which were made with the diamond drill and the remainder with the common churn drill. The accurate locations and surface elevations of all these borings were secured and the detailed records of nearly all of them were obtained from the operators, furnishing most valuable information on the coal resources of the county.
The following table, similar to tliat published for Barbour County, pages 397-398, the explanations concerning which are applicable here, gives the surface elevations, ownership, and the condensed records of nearly all the holes. The following abbreviations of company names have been used:
A. Wood I. & S JLlan Wood Iron & Steel Company.
Alex. B. & L. Alexander Boom and Lumber Company.
Berwlnd-White Berwind-Whlte Coal Company.
Davis C. & C Davis Coal and Coke Company.
Elkhorn. Elkhom Coal Corporation.
Western Md. Ry .Western Maryland Railway.
Detailed Coal Test Records, Leadsville District,
Randolph.
Eight holes have been drilled in Leadsville District, all of which start below the Lower Kittanning Coal and are therefore tests of the Pottsville Measures. The record of the Coberly No. 1 (105) Boring, located along the Tygart Valle> River, 0.9 mile southwest of Gage, and previously published in Volume II, page 360, of the Survey, is published in the present Report along with the section for Gage, page 161. The record of the Wm. Corlcy No. 9 (108) Boring, furnished the Survey by John T. Davis, of Elkins, and located along the Tygart Valley River at Roaring Creek Junction Station, is published in connection with the section for that place, page 166. The well still makes a large artesian flow of sulphur water. The following is the record of a churn drill hole, located near where the Tygart Valley River cuts through the Laurel Ridge, having been furnished the Survey by P. B. Bloomfield, of Elkins, General Manager of the company that made it :
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Elkins Etectric Railway Co. No. 1 Coal Test Record (109).
lieadsYllle District; on the Tygart Valley River, 1.8 miles east of Roaring Creek Junction; authority, EUkins Electric Railway; elevation, 2060' B.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Dirt and small stone 30 0 30 0
Sandstone, hard 9 0 39 0
Sandstone, shaly 108 0 150 0
The two following holes were bored well up against the slope of the Laurel Ridge where the measures are rising rapidly eastward :
Susan Darby No. 2 Coal Tst Boring (110).
LeadsviUe District; on a branch of Beaver Creek, 1.1 miles southeast of Weaver; authority, Davis Coal & Coke Co.; elevation, 2430' B.
Thickness. Total. Ft In. Ft In.
Soil 16 0 16 0
Slate 2 0 18 0
Slate and little coal, Quakertown.. 10 19 0
Slate 7 0 26 0
Sandstone 4'
Sandstone, blue, i
very hard, and Lower Connobroken
11 quenessing 26 0 52 0
Sandstone, gray.. 11 J
Slate 3 0 55 5
Sandstone, gray.. 5' 6"! Sandstone, blue, [ Moni-broken
29 0 J
Flint, very coarse and pebbly 8
Flint, coarse-grained 3
FUnt 9
Sandstone, very hard and flinty 21
Flint 3
Slate 13
Sandstone, gray 2
Slate and sandstone, mixed 19
Sandstone, gray 32
Slate, black 5
Sandstone, gray 8
Slate and sandstone, mixed 63
Slate, black 2
Slate and sandstone, mixed 17
Sandstone, gray 70
Slate, black, and sandstone, mixed.. 7
West Virginia Geological Survey. 423
Susan Darby No. 1 Coal Test Boring (111).
Leadsville District; on a branch of Beaver Creek, 1.1 miles east of Weaver; authority, Davis Coal & Coke Co.; elevation, 2365' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Coal? Quake town 4 0 4 0
Soil 6 0 10 0
Shale 34 0 44 0
Slate 5 0 49 0
Sandstone, gray. Lower Connoquenessing
18 0 67 0
Slate 5 0 72 0
Sandstone, gray 1 0 73 0
Slate and sandstone, mixed 18 0 91 0
Sandstone, gray 4 0 95 0
Slate and sandstone, mixed 8 0 103 0
very hard 6' 0'
Lower ' Cedar
Sandstone, blue,
broken, very
hard 24 0
Sandstone, gray. 0 9
Slate 18 0 150 9
Slate, black Oil 151 8
Slate, very soft v 3 0 154 8
Clay 3 0 157 8
Slate 7 5 168 8
Slate 6 0 175 2
Sandstone, gray 35 6 210 8
Slate, mixed with sandstone 5 0 215 8
Slate 12 0 227 8
Sandstone, blue, very hard 31 0 258 8
Slate 16 260 2
Slate, black 6 0 266 2
Coal, Eagle 6 0 272 2
Slate, black 6 0 278 2
Slate, gray 0 6 278 8
Slate and sandstone, mixed 31 0 309 8
Sandstone, blue, very hard 21 0 330 8
Slate 19 332 5
Slate and sandstone, mixed 16 0 348 5
Sandstone, blue, very hard 21 0 369 5
Sandstone and slate, mixed 4 0 373 5
Sandstone, gray 48' 1 Lower
Sandstone and slate. Guyandot 72 0 445 5
mixed 24 J
Coal, Sewell 2 0 447 5
Coal.
According to Teets, the above boring starts on the outcrop of the Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone, hence the presence of a four-foot seam of coal at the top seems improbable. The record of this hole, as secured by the Survey, had not been well kept and it is possible that the portion of the sandstone overlying this coal may have been omitted.
Detailed Coal Test Records, Roaring Creek District,
Randolph.
In Roaring Creek District, five holes have been bored for coal, the record of four of which are available, as follows :
Roaring Creek District; on Middle Fork River, at Midvale; authority, P. J. Cain; elevation, 1849' L.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 25 6 25 6
Sandstone 1 0 26 6
Coal, Campbell Creek? 1 5 27 11
Fire clay 1 0 28 11
Slate 9 7 38 6
Coal and bone, Powellton 0 10 39 4
Shale, light 4 0 43 4
Shale, dark 8 8 52 0
Slate, black 18 0 70 0
Coal and bone. Eagle 0 3 70 3
Shale, dark 5 0 76 3
Sand shale 16 9 92 0
Fireclay 2 0 94 0
Sand shale 11 0 105 0
Sandstone 1 0 106 0
Sand shale 33 0 139 0
Slate, black 0 10 139 10
Coal, Gilbert 0 5 140 3
fireclay 3 5 143 8
Sand shale 17 4 161 0
Conglomerate 11 1 172 1
Sandstone, hard Lower Nuttal I 23 4 195 5
Shale, sandy 2 6 197 11
Coal, Hughes Ferry 0 4 198 3
Shale, dark 16 0 214 3
Shale, light 2 9 217 0
Shale, dark 29 0 246 0
Sandstone, soft 3 0 249 0
Shale, light 8 0 257 0
Shale, dark 20 0 277 0
Shale, light 15 0 292 0
West Virginia Geological Survey. 425
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Sandstone, soft 4 0 296 0
Shale, dark 22 2 318 2
Sandstone, soft 5 3 323 5
Slate, black 1 6 324 11
Coai, Sewell "B" 0 3 326 2
Fire clay 0 9 325 11
Shale, dark 14 6 340 5
Coal 0' 4"!
Binder 0 2 I Sewell Oil 341 4
Coal 0 5 J
Sandstone, soft, base of Pottsville. . 16 0 357 4
Shale, light 10 0 367 4
Shale, dark 15 0 382 4
Shale, light 10 0 392 4
Sandstone, blue, hard 7 0 399 4
Shale, red 3 0 402 4
Shale, light 6 0 408 4
Sandstone, soft 15 0 423 4
Conglomerate 3 4 426 8
Sandstone, hard 1 3 427 11
Shale, green 1 6 429 5
Shale, red 3 0 432 5
Sandstone, blue 10 433 5
Shale, red 39 0 472 5
Shale, blue, sandy 72 0 544 5
Shale, red, to bottom 19 0 563 5
Three holes have been drilled recently on the eastern slope of Rich Mountain, the records of which have been furnished the Survey through the courtesy of Mr. M. D. Kirk, of the Davis Coal and Coke Company. Only one of these borings reached the Sewell Coal:
James Curtis No. 1 Coal Test Record (11 2 A).
Roaring Creek District; on a branch of Roaring Creek, 1.5 miles southeast of Roaring Creek Junction; authority, Davis Coal and Coke Company; elevation, 2250' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 5 6 5 6
Sandstone, Upper Connoquenesslng 38 2 43 8
Shale, light, Quakertown 1 11 45 7
Coal, Quakertown 1 6 47 1
Fire clay 10 48 1
Shale, light, sandy 4 5 52 6
Shale, dark, sandy 16 0 68 6
Sandstone, with coai spars 2 2 70 8
Shale, dark 0 5 71 1
Sandstone 8 6 79 7
Shale, dark 0 2 79 9
Coal.
Thickness. Ft. In.
Sandstone with coal spars.
Shale, dark
Sandstone
Slate, black
Shale, hard, sandy 0 10
Slate, dark 7
Sandstone 0
Black slate 1
Shale, dark, sandy 1
Fire clay, bastard 1
Shale, dark, sandy, hard 22
Sandstone 4
Shale, dark 2
Sandstone 6
Shale, dark 1
Sandstone with shale 3
Shale, dark, sandy 12
Sandstone with ooal spars 9
Fine sandstone with slate 10
Shale and sandstone 0
Coal .' 0' 9
Sulphur 0 0%
Coal 0 2%
Coal and bone 0 6
Slate 3 4
Coal, bony 0
Slate 0 1
Coal 1 8
Coal, bony 0 1% J
Fire clay
Bastard fire clay
Sandstone with shale streaks
n
Eagle.. 6 10
Sandstone, fine, light 16
Sandstone with light slate 0
Sandstone, fine, hard 1
Coal r 9 "I Gilbert 2
Coal, bony 0 3% J
FU'e clay 1
Sandstone 0
Shale, dark, sandy 16
n t
J
Hughea Ferry
Black slate
Coal, bony 0' 3%
Slate 1 Wi.
Coal, bony 0 3
Coal 1 2
Slate
Sandstone, hard..24' 9"] Sandstone with
shale streaks.24 6 Conglomerate
sandstone ..12 7 Shale and sand mixed.'. 12 9
0%
4%
Total. Ft. In.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 427
Maxwell and Crawford No. 2 Coal Test Record (112B).
Roaring Creek District; on a branch of Roaring Greek, 2.3 miles
southeast of Roaring Creek Junction; authority, Davis Coal & Coke Co.; elevation, 2500' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 18 0 18 0
Fire clay 6 6 23 6
Shale, dark, sandy 16 6 40 0
Sandstone with coal spars 7 0 47 0
Shale, dark, sandy 5 3 52 3
Coal 0' 3 "
' Hughes Ferry 4 7% 56 10%
Fire clay and
shale 2 6
Bone 0 2
Coal 1 8H
Slate 0 1% 57 0
Fire clay 0 10 57 10
Slate and bone 0 3 58 1
Fireclay 0 7 58 8
Coal 0 5 59 1
Bone 0 5 59 6
Fireclay 0 9 60 3
Conglomerate sandstone with coal
spars full of coarse pebbles 16 3 76 6
Shale, black 11 6 88 0
Bone 0 5 88 5
Black slate and coal spars 0 3 88 8
Shale, dark 18 4 107 0
Bone and black slate 1 7 108 7
Shale, dark, sandy 15 11 124 6
Coal, Castle 0 8 125 2
Fire clay 6 2 131 4
Shale, dark, sandy 11 8 143 0
Shale, gray, sandy 5 9 148 9
Shale, dark 2 3 151 0
Fire clay and sandstone 3 6 154 6
Sandstone 2 11 157 5
Shale, dark, sandy 10 0 167 5
Fire clay 2 3 169 8
Coal 0' 5"!
Bone 0 8 VSeweilB" 16 171 2
Coal 0 10
Fire clay 16 172 8
Shale, dark, sandy 23 4 196 0
Bastard fire clay 3 6 201 0
Shale, dark, sandy, with sandstone
streaks 23 0 224 0
Fire clay with coal spars 0 4 224 4
Fire clay and shale 2 8 227 0
Shale, dark, sandy, with sandstone
streaks 5 6 232 6
Coal.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Sandstone, hard. 10' 6"
Sandstone, coarse, pebbly, conglomerate . . 2 6
Sandstone, conglomerate ..13 5
Shale, gray
sandy 11 7
Sandstone, hard, and gray shale 3 0
Sandstone, hard. 9 6
Shale, green '. 7 0 290 0
Shale, red 3 0 293 0
Maxwell and Crawford No. 3 Coal Test Record (112C).
Roaring Creek District; on branch of Roaring Creek, 1.7 miles
northeast of Coalton; authority, Davis Coal & Coke Co.; elevation, 2540' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft In.
Surface and boulders 40 0 40 0
Sandstone, brown 3 0 43 0
Coal, bony, and slate, Quakertown
"Rider" 0 2 43 2
Coal, Quakertown 0 5 56 7
Fire clay with streaks 3 0 59 7
Fire clay 7 0 66 7
Shale, dark 2 0 68 7
Sandstone 20 0 88 7
Coal r U"l
Fire clay 0 5
Coal, bony 0 2 i Cedar
Bony and slate 0 1
Coal 0 5 J
Fire clay 0 4 92 0
Shale, gray 18 93 8
Sandstone 53 4 147 0
Sandstone with coal spars 0 3 147 3
Shale, dark 19 149 0
Fireclay 2 6 151 6
Fire clay, very soft 0 10 153 0
Shale, dark, sandy 1 4 154 4
Conglomerate sandstone with black
pebbles 0 9 155 1
Shale, black 30 6 185 7
Shale, black, with sandstone pebbles 0 5 186 0
Shale, black 4 0 190 0
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Powellton 6
Thickness. Ft. In.
Fire clay, very soft 1 10
Shale, dark, sandy 0 10
Hard fire clay 2 4
Coal 1' 8"
Fire clay 0 8
Coal 0 3
Fire clay with coal
streaks 0 4
Coal 0 4
Bony and slate 0 6
Coal 0 4
Bony coal and slate 0
Fire clay .' 2 0
Slate, black, with coal bands 1 0
Shale, light, sandy, with coal slips. 6 0
Fireclay 0 4
Shale, light, sandy 12 10
Sandstone 8 6
Fire clay with coal slips 2 3
sandstone 1 2
Slate, black 1 10
Slate, black, with coal streaks 2 7
Shale, dark, sandy 8 4
Bony coal I 0' 4
Coal 0 10
Coal with sulphur
bands 0
Coal 0
Bone 0
Coal 0
Bony and slate. . .0
Coal 0
Slate 0
Coal 0
Bony and slate 0
Mother coal 0
Coal 0
Bony and slate
Sandstone and slate bands
Sandstone
Slate
Sandstone
3%
2%
0%
1%
Eagle
Total. Ft. In.
Coal,
Detailed Coal Te8T Records, Middle Fork District,
Randolph.
In Middle Fork District, 21 holes have been put down for coal, the records of most of which have been preserved. Four of these were bored along the Middle Fork River between Cassity and West Huttonsville, by Hon. S. B. Elkins of whom the Davis Colliery Company is now the financial successor in this region. The Andrew Currcnce No. 11 (114) Boring, located on Three Forks Run, 0.8 mile southwest of Cassity, starts near the base of the Pottsville, and found only the Sewell Coal. Its record was previously published in Volume II, page 623, of the Survey, and has been used in connection with the section for Cassity, page 170, of the present Report.
The following is the record of a valuable test made on a branch of Cassity Fork, starting 100 feet below the top of the Homewood Sandstone, and penetrating the Pottsville nearly to the base of the Raleigh (Sharon) Sandstone, and being therefore within about 25 feet of the Mauch Chunk Reds. An examination of the core was made by the writer in an attempt to find the fossils of the Eagle Shale but none were seen although the shale was noted in typical character and appearance : Cassity Fork Boom & Lumber Company Coal Test No. 1
Middle Fork District; on Joeh Fork of Cassity Fork of Middle FoTls. River, 2.8 miles northeast of Cassity; authority, Alan Wood Iron
ft Steel Company; elevation, 2520' B.; completed, November 5, 1917.
Thickness. Total.
Ft In. Ft. In.
Sand and boulders 3 0 3 0
Fire clay 2 0 5 0
Sandstone, hard.. 45' Sandstone,
broken 21
Shale, sandy 14
Sandstone 33
Shale, dark, Quakert'own 4 0 122 0
Shale, gray 14 Lower Conno-
Sandstone 54 J quenessing. . 104 0 229 0
Shale, gray 2 0 228 0
Sandstone 7 0 235 0
Shale, dark 4 1 239 1
Coal, Chilton 0 11 240 0
Shale, gray 50 0 290 0
Upper Connoquenesslng.. 113 0 118 0
West Virginia Geological Survey. 43I
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. n. In.
Sandstone, shaly 82 0 322 0
Shale, sandy 7 0 329 0
Shale, dark 21 6 350 6
Shale, black 0 10 351 4
Shale, dark 21 4 375 0
Sandstone, shaly 21 0 396 0
Shale, dark 1 0 397 0
Sandstone 18 0 415 0
Shale, sandy 6 0 421 0
Shale, dark 25 6 446 6
Slate, black 0 4 446 10
Coal 0' 9'n
Shale, gray 0 3 Eagle.. 15 448 3
Coal 0 5 J
Fire clay 3 4 451 7
Shale, dark 0 10 452 5
Fire clay 2 6 454 11
Shale, sandy 5 1 460 0
Shale, dark, Eagle 27 0 487 0
Coal, Gilbert 0 6 487 6
Fire clay 3 6 491 0
Shale, dark 13 0 504 0
Shale, sandy 4 0 508 0
Sandstone. Nuttall 40 0 548 0
Shale, dark 13 0 561 0
Shale, sandy 10 562 0
Sandstone, Harvey 21 0 583 0
Shale, sandy 8 0 591 0
Shale, dark 3 6 594 6
Sandstone. Guyandot 20 6 615 0
Shale, dark 30 0 645 0
Shale, sandy 16 0 661 0
Sandstone 3 3 664 3
Coal, Sewell 0 3 664 6
Shale, dark, with coal partings 16 666 0
Sandstone, Welch 37 0 703 0
Shale, dark, Welch Coal horizon... 10 704 0
Sandstone 4 0 708 0
Shale, sandy 15 0 723 0
Shale, dark, broken 13 0 736 0
Fire clay 3 0 739 0
Sandstone, hard 33' 1
Sandstone, with large i Raleigh
The following test was made a short distance farther down the same fork of Cassity :
Coal.
Cassity Fork Boom & Lumber Company No. 2 Coal Test
Middle District; on Josh Fbrk of Cassity Fork, 1.6 miles northeast of Cassity; authority, Alan Wood Iron & Steel Company; elevation, 2145' B.; completed in December, 1917.
Thickness. Total.
Pt. In. Ft. In.
Boulders and sand 13 0 13 0
Shale, sandy 16 14 6
Fire clay 3 3 21 0
Shale, sandy 5 0 26 0
Shale, dark 5 0 31 0
Coal, Powellton 2 0 33 0
Fireclay 5 0 38 0
Shale, dark 2 0 40 0
Fireclay 5 0 45 0
Shale, sandy 39 0 84 0
Sandstone 16 0 100 0
Shale, dark 35 0 135 0
Sandstone, shaly, broken 9 6 144 6
Coal, Eagle 16 146 0
Fireclay 4 0 150 0
Shale, sandy 27 0 177 0
Sandstone, shaly 13 0 190 0
Coal, Gilbert 1 4 191 4
Fire clay 18 193 0
Shale, sandy 17 0 210 0
Fireclay 2 0 212 0
Shale, dark, with coal partings 4 0 216 0
Sandstone, Nuttall 29 0 245 0
Shale, dark 18 0 258 0
Shale, sandy 10 3 268 3
Coal, Castle 0 5 268 8
Shale, dark, sandy 11 4 280 0
Shale, sandy 10 0 290 0
Shale, dark 46 0 336 0
Shale, dark, sticky 2 0 338 0
Coal, Sewell 10 339 0
Shale, dark 13 0 352 0
Coal, Welch 0 5 352 5
Slate 0 6 352 11
Fireclay ; 2 0 354 11
Shale, sandy 2 0 356 11
Sandstone, hard, pebbly, Raleigh
The following test was made east of the Belington Syncline where the rocks are rising rapidly toward the crest of Rich Mountain:
Os
West Virginia Geological Survey. 433
Cassity Fork Boom & Lumber Company No. 3 Coal
Middle Fork District, on Panther Fork of Cassity Fork, 4 miles southwest of CasBlty; authority, Alan Wood Iron and Steel Company; elevation, 2765' B; completed in January, 1918.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Sand, gravel and boulders 19 0 19 0
Sand and gravel 7 5 26 5
Sandstone Brownstown 75 7 102 0
Fire clay 10 105 0
Sandstone 4 0 109 0
Conglomerate 1 0 110 0
Sandy shale 19 0 129 0
Fire clay 2 0 131 0
Sandy shale 24 0 '155 0
Dark shale 2 0 157 0
Sandy shale 9 0 166 0
Fire clay 2 0 168 0
Sandy shale 33 0 201 0
Dark shale 8 4 209 4
Coal, Eagle 18 211 0
Fireclay 4 0 216 0
Dark shale 2 0 217 0
Sandy shale 8 0 225 0
Dark shale with sandy partings... 8 0 233 0
Dark shale 40 7 273 7
Coal 0' 11"!
Shale 1 4 f
Coal 1 0 J
Shale 15
Dark shale 1
Coal, Hughes Ferry 1
Fire clay 2
Dark shale with coal partings '2
Dark shale 5
Sandstone 14
Hard broken sandstone 15
Hard dark slate and shale 21
Dyke rock (?) 8'| Lower Nuttall.. 28 Sandstone — 20 (
Broken, dark shale 48
Sandy shale, with coal partings at
base, Sewell "B" 18
Hard broken shale 2
Gray shale 21
Sandstone 7
Coal.
Thicknesa. Total. Pt. In. Ft. In.
Coal, Sewell 18 481 4
Plre clay 0 6 481 10
Gray shale 8 2 490 0
Sandy shale 4 0 494 0
Sandstone 5 0 499 0
Sandy shale 6 0 504 0
Gray shale ' 7 8 611 8
Dark shale, coal partings, Welch... 1 4 513 0
Dark shtUe 2 0 515 0
Hard sandstone . .16' 0" Conglomerate
sandstone ...16 0
Sandstone 9 6
Sandy shale 9 6
Sandstone 25 0
The following record was formerly published in Volume II, page 623, of the Survey :
Woml8dorflF Heirs No. 12 Coal Test Boring (115).
Middle Fork District; on Stonecoal Run, 2.5 miles southward
from Cassity; authority, Davis Colliery Company; elevation, 2170' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface, boulders, and sand 11 0 11 0
Sandstone, gray, streaks of slate.. 10 1 21 1
Sandstone, gray 6 3 27 4
Slate, spotted with gray sandstone 5 3 32 7
Fireclay 4 0 36 7
Slate and Are clay 13 3 49 10
Bone coal 0 2 50 0
Fire clay, very soft 6 3 56 3
Slate and sandstone, mixed 9 5 65 8
Coal, Hughea Ferry 0 3 65 11
Sandstone and streaks of fire clay 9 0 74 11 Fire clay, slaty, little streaks of
gray sandstone 38 6 113 5
Slate 37 2 150 7
Coal, slate mixed, Castle 2 4 152 11
Fire clay and slate, mixed, very
soft 6 1 159 0
Sandstone and fire clay, mixed 25 . 2 184 2
Sandstone, gray 5 0 189 2
Fire clay, very soft 2 0 191 2
Coal, very good, Sewell 4 1% 195 3%
Fire clay and slate 20 1% 215 5
Sandstone and fire clay 4 2 219 7
West Virginia Geological Survey. 435
ThicknesB. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Sandstone, gray 18 2 237 9
Fire clay, spongy, very hard to drill 3 8 241 5
Sandstone, gray, very hard 2 7 244 0
Sandstone, gray, and lime, mixed.. 1 8% 245 8%
Sandstone, gray 9 3 254 llMi
Fire clay and sandstone, mixed... 1 11 256 10
Sandstone, gray, trace of coal at
bottom 5 0 261 10%
Slate, sandy, full of seams, broken
up 6 2% 268 1
Sandstone, gray. 22' 7"] Sandstone, gray, i RaleIgH
glomerate ..42 0 J Fire clay, sandy and spongy, very
hard to drill 7 0 339 8
Fire clay, broken up and would not
make core 3 1 342 9
Sandstone, gray, with pea conglomerate, very hard 18 10 361 7
Sandstone, conglomerate, mixed,
.hard 15 11 377 6
Sandstone, very hard 9 8 387 2
Sandstone and Are clay, mixed, to
red beds 6 6 392 8
The record of the John Fincham No. 14 (116) Boring, located at the mouth of Laurel Branch of Middle Fork, 1.7 miles northward from Adolph, and previously published in Volume II, page 624, of the Survey, is published in the present Report in connection with the section for Laurel Branch of Middle Fork, page 173.
The record of the K. E. Zickefoose No. 13 (117) Boring, located at Adolph on the Middle Fork River, was previously published in Volume II, page 625, of the Survey. In the present Report, it is published in connection with the section for Adolph, page 175.
Eleven holes have been bored along the Left Fork of Buckhannon River on land that is now the property of the Elkhorn Coal Corporation. The following is the record of one of these borings:
Elkfaom Coal Corporation No. 2 Coal Test Boring (119).
Middle Fork District; on Lower Dry Run of Buckhannon River, 2.4 miles southeast of Palace Valley; authority, Elkhom Coal Corporation; elevation, 2865' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 19 0 19 0
Slate 23 6 42 6
Shale 2 8 45 2
Slate 8 1 53 3
Slate and ooal...O' 10 Coal and slate I
streaks 1 6 V Hughes
Ferry. 4 6 57 9
Slate 1 2%
Coal 1 0%
Fireclay ' 5 6 63 3
Shale 15 7 78 10
Sandstone, Middle larger 29 6 108 4
Slate 14 0 122 4
Fire clay 0 5 122 9
Coal, Lower larger 0 3 123 0
Fireclay 5 6 128 6
Slate 2 5 130 11
Shale 2 4 133 3
Sandstone 1 0 134 3
Soapstone 6 0 140 3
Shale 8 0 148 3
Slate 7 4 155 7
Shale 6 11 162 6
Slate 3 0 165 6
Coal, Sewell "B" 0 3 165 9
Fire clay 10 6 176 3
Sandstone, Lower Guyandot 17 3 193 6
Slate 3 0 196 6
Coal r 8'
Sewell.. 7 11 204 5
Fire clay 3 0
Slate 2 9
Coal 0 6
Fire clay 2 4 206 9
Shale 4 0 216 9
Slate 6 7 217 4
Shale 2 10 323 6
Sandstone 4 8 328 2
Slate 7 3 335 5
Slate and coal 3 7 339 0
Sandstone 11 0 350 0
The record of the Elkhom Coal Corporation No. 1 (120) Boring, located along the Buckhannon River, 0.6 mile south of Palace Valley, is published in connection with the section for that place, page 159.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 437
The nine following records are of holes drilled on the tract formerly owned by the Rich Mountain Coal Company, but now the property of the Elkhorn Coal Corporation, as previously mentioned:
Elkhorn Coal Corporation No. 9 Coal Test Record (121).
Middle Fork District; on the waters of Beech Run, 0.4 mile south of Beech Run town; authority, BUkhom Coal Corporation; elevation, 3055' B. If;
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Pt. In.
Surface 10 0 10 0
Shale 15 0 26 0
Shale and sandstone partings 131 0 156 0
Shale 106 6 262 6
Coal, Castle 0 4 262 10
Shale 28 2 291 0
Sandstone 2 0 293 0
Shale 35 0 328 0
Sandstone, Guyandot 26 0 354 0
Shale 5 0 359 0
Bone 0 1 359 1
Coal, Scwcll "B" 0 7 359 8
Shale 1 0 360 8
Sandstone 16 362 2
Shale 1 0 363 2
" Sandstone 0 3 363 5
Shale 0 2 363 7
Coal, Sewell 2 6 366 1
Shale 8 11 875 0
Elkhorn Coal Corporation No. 3 Coal Test Record (122).
Middle Fork District; on Beech Mountain, 0.8 mile southwest of
Beech Run; authority, Elkhorn Coal Corporation; completed. August 2, 1909; elevation, 3350' B.
Thickness. Total.
n. In. Ft. In.
Gravel and boulders 18 0 18 0
Sandstone 67 0 85 0
Shale 9 0 94 0
Sandstone 9 0 103 0
Sand shale 50 0 153 0
Sand and shale 148 0 356 0
Shale 58 0 414 0
Coal, Hughes Ferry 0 6 414 6
Shale 44 6 459 0
Coal, Lower larger 0 3 459 3
Shale 41 0 500 3
Sandstone 58 9 559 0
Coal.
Total.
Pt-In.
Thickness. Ft. In.
Slate 3 0
Coal, Sewell "B" 0 5
Shale 15 7
Sandstone, Lower Guyandot 7 0
Shale 2 0
Coal, Sewell 1 11
Fire clay 8 1
Slate 0 5
Shale 1 7
Red shale 3 0
Gray shale 5 0
Red and green shale 34 0
Sandstone 21 0
Elkfaom Coal Corporation No. 4 Coal Test Record (123).
Middle Fork District; on Beech Run, 1.2 miles northeast of Hartridge; authority, Elkhom Goal Corporation; completed, August 28, 1909; elevation, 2945' B.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 21 0 21 0
Coal, Hughes Ferry 11 22 1
Shale 17 11 40 0
Coal, Lower larger 0 3 40 3
Shale 25 0 65 3
Coal, Caetle 0 3 65 6
Shale 65 0 130 6
Sandstone 2 6 133 0
Shale 1 0 134 0
Bone coal 0 3 134 3
Slate 2 0 136 3
Sandstone, Guyandot 17 6 153 9
Slate 0 6 154 3
Coal 0 10 155 1
Shale 8 0 163 1
Coal, Sewell "B" 1 0 164 1
Fire clay 4 4 168 5
Shale 3 4 171 9
Sandstone 6 2 177 11
Sand shale 3 0 180 11
Sandstone 4 0 184 11
Shale 6 1 191 0
Coal 3' 5"!
Slate 0 2 V Sewell 3 8 194 8
Coal 0 1
Shale 10 4 205 0
West Virginia Geological Survey. 439
Elkhom Coal Corporation No. 6 Coal Test Record (124).
Middle Fork District; on Left Fork of Buckhannon River, 1.1 miles
northeast of Hartridge; authority, Elkhom Coal Corporation; completed, September 24, 1909.
Thickness. Totdl.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 24 0 24 0
Shale 12 0 36 0
Sandstone 2 0 38 0
Shale 86 0 123 0
Sandstone 2 0 126 0
Shale 1 0 126 0
Sandstone 3 0 129 0
Conglomerate 7 0 136 0
"The writer is still of the opinion that this hole was started too far down the hill. No. 6 hole shows Just about 100 feet from coal to conglomerate which would bring the coal in this hole where we went through the surface." (EJxtract from letter of T. B. Sturges, General Manager, J. A. Brennan Drilling Company).
Elkhom Coal Corporation No. 5 Coal Test Record (125).
Middle Fork District; on Beech Run, 1.6 miles south of Beech Run village; authority, Elkhom Coal Corporation; completed, September 9, 1909; elevation, 1 2946' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 23 0 23 0
Coal, Hugh8 Ferry 2 0 26 0
Shale 42 0 67 0
Coal, Lower larger 1 3 68 3
Fireclay 3 0 71 3
Shale 12 9 84 0
Sandstone 3 0 87 0
Shale 10 0 97 0
Coal, Castle 0 3 97 3
Shale 27 9 125 0
Sandstone, Guyandot 40 0 165 0
Shale 10 0 175 0
Coal 0 4 175 4
Slate 0 6 176 9
Coal 0 2 176 11
Shale 8 8 184 7
Coal, Sewell "B" 12 185 9
Slate 0 4 186 1
Shale 15 11 202 0
Coal, Sewell 2 2 204 2
Shale 36 10 240 0
Sandstone 3 0 243 0
Shale 21 0 264 0
Red and green shale 12 0 276 0
Sandstone -28 0 304 0
Conglomerate 4 0 308 0
Elkfaom Coal Corporation No. 7 Coal Test Record (126).
Middle Fork District; on Beech Run, 1.8 miles south of Beech Run village; authority, Elkhom Coal Corporation: elevation, 2870' B.
Thickness. Total.
Pt. In. Ft. In.
Surface 6 0 6 0
Sandstone, Guyandot 60 0 56 0
Shale 4 0 60 0
Coal, Sewell "B" 1 0 61 0
Fireclay 5 0 66 0
Sandstone, Lower Guyandot 15 0 81 0
Shale 5 0 86 0
Coal, Seweil 2 8 88 8
Fire clay 14 90 0
Elkhom Coal Corporation No. 8 Coal Test Record (127).
Middle Fork District; on Beech Run, 2.1 miles south of Beech Run village; authority, Elkhom Coal Corporation; completed, November 9, 1909; elevation, 2935' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Pt. In.
Boulders and gravel 30 0 30 0
Sandstone 1 0 31 0
Shale 21 0 52 0
Sandstone 15 0 67 0
Shale 33 0 100 0
Sandstone 40 0 140 0
Shale 1 0 141 0
Sandstone 12 0 163 0
Shale 3 0 156 0
Sandstone, Guyandot 18 0 174 0
Shale 9 0 183 0
Coal, Seweil "B" 0 6 183 6
Shale 17 6 201 0
Coal, Seweil 3 0 204 0
Shale 13 0 217 0
The record of the Elkhorn Coal Corporation No. 1 (128) Boring, located on Beech Mountain, 0.4 mile southeast of Hartridge, is published in connection with the section for the latter place, page 177,
Elkhom Coal Corporation No. 2 Coal Test Record (129).
Middle Fork District; on Left Fork of Buckhannon River, 0.3 mile
southeast of Hartridge; authority, Elkhorn Coal Corporation; completed, April 30, 1909; elevation, 3175' B.
Thickness. Total.
Pt. In. Ft. In.
Surface 60 6 0
Shale 3 0 9 0
West Virginia Geological Survey. 44I
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Sandstone 24 6 33 6
Shale 2 6 36 0
Sandstone 3 0 39 0
Shale 24 0 63 0
Bone 0 2 63 2
Shale 26 4 89 0
Sandstone, Upper Gilbert 32 0 121 0
Shale 2 0 123 0
Coal, Gilbert 0 8 123 8
Shale 70 4 194 0
Coal; Hughes Ferry 1 4 195 4
Shale 38 0 233 4
Coal, Lower larger 1 1 234 5
Shale 28 7 263 0
Sandstone 2 0 265 0
Shale 26 0 291 0
Sandstone 19 0 310 0
Shale 17 0 327 0
Sandstone, Guyandot 10 0 337 0
Shale 2 0 339 0
Coal, SewelM'B" 0 3 339 3
Shale 27 9 367 0
Coal, Sewell 3 1 370 1
Shale 3 11 374 0
The following record was furnished the Survey by U. L. Brennan, of Green Grove, Pennsylvania, and is that of a hole bored on land now the property of the Buckhannon Chemical Company :
Buckhannon Chemical Co. No. 1 Coal Test Record (130).
Middle Fork District; at the forks of Buckhannon River Just south of Newlon; authority, Buckhannon Chemical Company; completed in 1891; elevation, 1905' B.
Thickness. Total.
Vt, In. Ft. In.
Sandstone 26 5 26 5
Slate, brown 3 0 29 5
Slate, very black 69 7 99 0
Sandstone 46 0 145 0
Slate rock and sandstone 74 0 219 0
Sandstone 50 4 269 4
Slate rock 30 10 300 2
Sandstone 19 10 320 0
The following is the record of a churn drill hole furnished the Survey by J. A.. McCauley, of Silica :
J. A. McCauley No. 1 Coal Test Record (131).
Middle Fork District; on Buckhannon River, at Silica; authority. Outright Brothers; elevation, 2335' B.
Thickness. Total.
Pt. In. Pt. In.
Unrecorded 8 0 8 0
Sandstone 4 0 12 0
Coal, Eagle 4 0 16 0
According to Dr. J. L. Cunningham, of Pickens, the Holly Lumber Company Water Well (132), drilled on its property at the Pickens mill, found 4 feet of coal at a depth of 56 feet, which would correlate with the Eagle seam. It is much to be regretted that no hole has ever been bored to test the Sewell Coal in this vicinity.
Detailed Coal Te8T Records, Huttonsville And
Mingo Districts, Randolph.
Three holes (Nos. 133, 134, and 135 on Map IV) were once bored on the Ward and Hutton property on the watershed between Tygart Valley and Back Fork of Elk Rivers, one of Vvhich was located in Huttonsville District and the other two in Mingo. All of these tests were started at a level high enough to test the Sewell Coal under the southern end of Rich Mountain, but the records of these borings could not be obtained.
Minable Coals Of The Monongahela Series.
Redstone Coal.
The Redstone Coal, discussed previously in Chapter V, page 197, and shown by outcrop lines on Maps II and IV in those regions where it occurs in minable thickness above drainage, is a valuable bed of fuel in western Barbour and northern Upshur, having been mined commercially at three points. It is not found in Randolph as its horizon is everywhere above the hilltops. In those portions of Barbour and Upshur where it occurs, it is from 3 to 6 feet in thickness, and usually carries no slate partings but is sometimes damaged by clay seams that cross it in some of the mines. Its chemical composition shows it to be a fine coal for steam and domestic fuel and in some regions the sulphur content is low enough to permit its use for coke manufacture. Figure 4 shows its probable minable extent.
Redstone CoaU Pleasant District Barbour.
In Pleasant District, the Redstone Coal is above drainage along the principal streams. In the western part, next to Harrison, it is well down toward the foot of the hills, but it rises gradually eastward until at Berryburg it is near the tops and a few miles farther east disappears entirely above the ridges. It has not been mined commercially in the District and has been seldom used for domestic fuel, as the Pittsburgh Coal is thicker and more easily mined than the Redstone and has prevented any extensive exploitation of the latter seam in this locality. The coal is noted by Teets along the public road at the head of Foxgrape Run, at Coal Exposure No. 2 on Map II, 1.8 miles northeast of Berryburg, being 3 feet thick at an elevation of 1565' B.
Redstone CoaU Elk District Barbour.
In Elk District the Redstone Coal crops well up in the hills along the western edge next to Harrison County, and rises gradually eastward until it disappears above the hilltops two miles west of Philippi. It has not been prospected extensively as the Pittsburgh Coal lies below it and is thicker and more easily accessible. There are no commercial mines in the District, the coal having been used only for domestic fuel.
The coal is reported by Teets at the D. G. Hudkins Farm Mine (No. 3 on Map II), on Elk Creek, 2.3 miles east of Overfield, where it is 5' 3" thick, without slate partings. A sample was collected for analysis the composition of which is given under Mine No. 3 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
At the Cecil Radcliff Farm Mine (No. 4 on Map II), on Brushy Fork of Elk, 0.9 mile southeast of Pepper, the coal had once been opened at an elevation of 1335' B., but the place had fallen shut when it was examined by Teets. He reports the following structure at another opening farther east :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 445
Coney Corder Farm Mine — No. 5 on Map II.
On the head of Hackers Creek, 1.3 miles southwest of Berry burg; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1485' B.
Ft. In.
Slate 0 4
Coal 1 1 3 6
Redstone Coal Union District Barbour.
In Union District, the Redstone Coal crops in the hills of the western and central portion, but in the eastern part, next to the Tygart Valley River, the eastward rise of the rocks takes its horizon above the summits. It has been mined com mercially at Century where the high topographic level of Run permits it to be worked by shaft. It has been mined at numerous points also for domestic fuel and many of these openings are still in use as the following details, secured by Teets, will show :
The Oard Bean Farm Mine (No. 6 on Map II), located on Peeltree Run, 0.9 mile northeast of Peeltree village, shows 5' 0" of clean coal, at an elevation of IZQC B.
The Oran Martin Farm Mine (No. 7 on Map II), located on Peeltree Run, 1.2 miles northeast of Peeltree, shows 4' 10" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1275' B.
The Frank White Farm Mine (No. 8 on Map II), on Dick Drain of Gnatty Creek, 1 mile south of Peeltree, measured 4' 8" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1265' B.
The Roy White Farm Mine (No. 9 on Map II), on Right Branch. of Gnatty Creek, 0.7 mile northwest of Century, shows 5' 1" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1285' B.
The Lillian and May White Farm Mine (No. 10 on Map II), on Right Branch of Gnatty Creek, 0.7 mile northwest of Century, measures 4' 11" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1280 B.
As stated previously, the coal has been long and successfully mined by shaft at Century where its base is at a depth of 157 feet below surface, making its tidal elevation 1306' L. This mine was once visited and sampled by A. P. Brady, a former member of the Survey Staff, and the information secured by
Coajl
him 15 published in Volamc II, page 161, of the Survey Reports. The iollowing are ilr. Brady's section of the oiine :
Century Cool Ccmprnj, No. 1 Hme— Not 11 oo Ib IL
On Big Rim at Centuiy; Redstone Coal; eleratioii of base of coal.
ft. la.
Slate
Draw slate 1 t
Coal 0" 7 "
Bone coal 0 OH
Coal 4 5 5
#1
'Principal office, 10 South St, Baltimore. Md.: daily capacity, 1€00 tona; output, 1500 to 1600 tons; 4S laborers and 160 mineis employed; nsed for steam and domestic fuel; shipped in all directions; butts, N. 78' W.; facf, N. 12' E.; preat**st rise, S. 50' E.; sample collected from southwest side of mine on C Heading by A. P. Brady." (These data to 1915, D. B. Rj.
The composition of this sample is published under No. 11 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. Another section was measured and a sample taken by Mr. Brady from the northeast side of the mine, "A" Heading, Room
No. 2, as follows:
Ft In.
Sand rock
Slate
Bone coal 0' 4 "
Coal 5 0
Slate 0 0%
Coal 0 7 5 11%
The composition of this sample is published under No. 11 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter Concerning the character of this coal. Dr. I. C. White makes the following statement in the citation noted above :
"These analyses reveal a coal of fine quality, which comes out of the mine in handsome cubical blocks, stands shipment well, and has already established a fine reputation for itself as a steam and genera] fuel coal of the highest excellence. It has an excellent roof, much better than the underlying Pittsburgh bed."
The Century Company has recently opened another mine, located farther east along the same stream, where the coal is
West Virginia Geological Survey. 447
above drainage and can be mined by drift, as is shown by the following :
Century Coal Company, No. 2 Mine— No. 12 on Map II.
On Big Run, 1.5 miles east of Century; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1455' B.
Pt In.
"Principal office, 10 South St., Baltimore, Md. ; daily capacity, 1,200 tons; output, 1,000 tons; 30 laborers and 80 miners employed; electric haulage; coal shipped in all directions for steam apd domestic fuel; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from P southwest heading by D. D. Teets, Jr.; John Phillips, Superintendent, authority for mine data."
The composition of this sa,mple is published under Mine No. 12 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Anna Lance Farm Mine (No. 13 on Map II), located on Big Run, 1.5 miles northwest of Volga, measures 5' 1" of clean block coal, at an elevation of B.
The Benjamin Clevenger Farm Mine (No. 14 on Map II), located on Rock Run, 1.5 miles northwest of Volga, shows 5' 0" of clean coal at an elevation of 1545' B. A sample was collected, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 14 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Redstone Coal Philippi Districts Barhour.
In Philippi District, only a few acres of Redstone Coal are being located in the extreme western end along the district line. At Coal Exposure No. 15 on Map II, on the ridge south of Hackers Creek, Teets noted 4' 9' of clean coal, at an elevation of 1675' B. So far as known the coal is not opened and mined in the District.
Redstone CoaU Warren District Upshur.
In Warren District, the Redstone Coal reaches its best development in the State, being found in the hills along Hackers Creek, Pecks Run, Turkey Run, and other streams, and having a thickness of 4 to 6 feet, and being practically free from slate partings. There are no commercial mines but the
coal is used extensively for domestic fuel. In the extreme southeastern end of the District, it is not found as its horizon is above the tops o£ the hills.
In the extreme northern end of the District, this coal has been opened at several points along Charity Fork of Gnatty Creek, according to Teets. The W. D. Arnold Farm Mine (No. 16 on Map IV), located 1.5 miles west of Century, shows 5' 5" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1275' B. The Luther Arnold Farm Mine (No. 17 on Map IV), located 1.8 miles west of Century, shows 5' 6" of clean coal, at an elevation of IZQCK B. The D. Queen Farm Mine (No. 18 on Map IV), located 2.5 miles northwest of Century, measures 5' 6" of clean coal, at an elevation of 132CK B.
Oda Gum Farm Mine— No. 18A on Map IV.
On Right Branch of Gnatty Creek, 1.5 miles southwest of Century; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1290' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, roof v
Coal, block 4 10
Slate and fire clay, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening the composition of which is published under Mine No. 18A in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Charles Rcger Farm Mine (No. 19 on Map IV), located on Rock Run of Pecks Run, 1.5 miles southwest of Volga, shows, according to Teets, 4' ICK' of block coal, at an elevation of 1615' B.
The L. A. Teter Farm Mine (No. 20 on Map IV), located on Little Pecks Run, 1.7 miles northeast of Pecks Run village, shows 5' 4" of clean coal, according to Teets, at an elevation of B.
The Dudley Marple Farm Mine (No. 21 on Map II), located on a branch of Pecks Run, 0.2 mile east of Pecks Run Station, shows 4' 4" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1615' B., there being only a few acres of coal in the top of the knob. A sample was collected from this opening the composition of which is published under Mine No. 21 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. No Redstone Coal is found in the District east of this knob.
f
West Virginia Geological Survey. 449
The Thomas Stump Farm Mine (No. 22 on Map IV), located on a branch of Pecks Run, 0.8 mile northeast of Pecks Run village, shows 6' 1" of clean coal, according to Teets, at an elevation of B.
At the village of Pecks Run, the coal is mined extensively for local use, the following information being obtained by Teets at the principal mine :
Opha Casto Farm Mine — No. 23 on Map IV.
On Pecks Run, at Pecks Run ylUagre; Redstone Coal; eleyatlon, 1440'' B.
Pt. In.
Slate roof
Coal, block 5 6
Slate floor
"Butts, N. W.; 400 to 450 tons mined yearly."
A sample was collected from this opening the composition of which is published under Mine No. 23 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
At Coal Exposure No. 24 on Map IV, on a branch of Pecks Run, 0.8 mile southwest of Pecks Run village, the coal is reported by Teets as being 4 to 5 feet thick in the public road, at an elevation of 1495' B.
Along Hackers Creek, numerous openings have been made in the Redstone Coal, many of which are now abandoned and fallen shut because of the present use of natural gas for fuel. Enough of them are still in use, however, to show that the coal is of excellent thickness and character. The following structure was found by Teets on the extreme head of the creek :
Abram Bennett Farm Mine — No. 25 on Map IV.
On the head of Hackers Creek, 1.2 miles southwest of Pecks Run Tillage; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1465' B.
Ft. In.
Coal, block (with slate roof and pavement) 5 11
"Butts, North and South."
A sample was collected the composition of which is published under Mine No. 25 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Coal.
The Charles Fitzgerald Farm Mine (No. 26 on Map IV), located 1.1 miles southeast of Ruraldale, shows 4' 8" of clean, block coal, according to Teets, at an elevation of HICK B. The Wm. Warner Heirs Farm Mine (No. 27 on Map IV), located 0.7 mile southeast of Ruraldale, shows 5' 3" of clean, block coal, according to Teets, at an elevation of 1385' B. The Jesse Regester Farm Mine (No. 28 on Map IV), located on a branch 0.4* mile northeast of Ruraldale, measures 5' 3" of clean, block coal, according to Teets, at an elevation of B. The Alva Karickhoff Farm Mine (No. 29 on Map IV), located on the same branch, 0.9 mile northeast of Ruraldale, shows 5' 9" of clean, block coal, according to Teets, at an elevation of 1360' B. The following opening, examined by Teets, is located along the ajfis of the Ruraldale Anticline :
Manley Post Farm Mine — No. 30 on Map IV.
On Big Run of Hackers Creek, 1 mile northwest of Ruraldale; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1370' B.
Ft In.
Slate roof
Coal, block 5 11
Fire clay and slate, pavement
A sample was collected, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 30 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Benjamin Wilson Farm Mine (No. 31 on Map IV), located on Big Run, 1.3 miles northwest of Ruraldale, shows 5' 9" of clean, block coal, according to Teets, the elevation being B. The T. J. Post Farm Mine (No. 32 on Map IV), located on Left-Hand Fork, 1.3 miles northwest of Ruraldale, was partly filled with mud and water when examined but showed 4' 0" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1340' B. The Guy Post Farm Mine (No. 33 on Map IV), on Left-Hand Fork, 1.9 miles northwest of Ruraldale, shows 4' 10" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1255' B. The Columbus McPherson Farm Mine (No. 34 on Map IV), located on the Left-Hand Fork, 2.3 miles south of Johnstown, shows 6' 0" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1260 B. The following mine is near the Harrison County Line:
West Virginia Geological Survey. . 45 1
Arden Norman Farm Mine — No. 35 on Map IV.
On Left-Hand Fork of Hackers Creek, 1.7 miles southeast of Johnstown; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1290' B.
Ft In.
Coal (with slate roof and pavement) 6 3
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 35 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The following mine is located along the main creek :
Claudius Marple Farm Mine — No. 36 on Map IV.
On Hackers Creek, 1.8 miles southwest of Ruraldale; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1325' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, Cedarville.
Shale, sandy 10 0
Coal 4 0
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 36 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Isaac S. Regcr Farm Mine (No. 37 on Map IV), located along the main creek, 1.9 miles west of Ruraldale, is now fallen shut but when the coal was formerly mined there it showed a thickness of 4 to 5 feet, the elevation being 1285' B. The A. L. Marple Farm Mine (No. 38 on Map IV), on a short branch, 2.6 miles southwest of Ruraldale and 0.6 mile eastward from Bear Knob, exhibited 4' 2" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1275' B. The Ira Hess Farm Mine (No. 39 on Map IV), on the main creek, 1.6 miles northeast of Aberdeen, shows 4' 3" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1220' B. The following mine is near the axis of the Grassland Syncline ;
S. E. Marple Farm Mine— No. 40 on Map IV.
On Hackers Creek, 1.5 miles northeast of Aberdeen; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1215' B.; butts, N. 85 W.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy
Coal.
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 40 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The John Jamison Farm Mine (No. 41 on Map IV), located on Rover Run, 1.3 miles southeast of Aberdeen, was partly filled with water when visited but showed 4' 0" of coal, some clay seams being visible, and the elevation of the coal being 1235' B. The Lloyd Lewis Farm Mine (No. 42 on Map IV), on Rover Run, 1.5 miles southeast of Aberdeen, exhibits 4' 9" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1240' B.
The Redstone Coal was formerly mined extensively for local use in the extreme northwestern corner of the District next to the Lewis and Harrison Lines on the headwaters of Rooting Creek and Jesse Run, but several of these openings have fallen shut because of the present use of natural gas in the neighborhood. The Allen Queen Farm Mine (No. 43 on Map IV), located on Rooting Creek, 3 miles south of Johnstown, exhibits 5' 7" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1265' B. The James and Simon Davis Farm Mine (No. 44 on Map IV), located on a branch of Rooting Creek, 1.9 miles south of Johnstown, shows 4' 3" of clean coal at an elevation of 1245' B., there being 5 inches of cannel bone immediately over the coal.
There is a fine body of Redstone Coal along Turkey Run, where the high topographic level of the stream brings the coal much nearer drainage than on Hackers Creek to the north. At the Lloyd Reeder Farm Mine (No. 45 on Map IV), located near the head of the run, 1.8 miles southwest of Ruraldale, the coal was formerly mined by stripping in the bed of the run, having a thickness of about 4 feet, and an elevation qf 1445' B. The Albro Teets Farm Mine (No. 46 on Map IV), located on a short branch of the run, 1.6 miles southwest of Ruraldale, was fallen shut when visited, but was reported to be about 4 feet thick, its elevation being 1455' B. The following is a prominent opening along the main run :
West Virginia Survey. 453
Houston Radabaugh Parm Mine — No. 47 on Map IV.
On Turkey Run, 2.1 miles soutliwest of Ruraldale; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1465' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy
Coal 4 6
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected at this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 47 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Charles Daugherty Farm Mine (No. 48 on Map IV), on Coon Fork, 2.5 miles southwest of Ruraldale, showed 4' 0" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1475' B. The Lloyd Reeder Farm Mine (No. 49 on Map IV), on a short branch, 1.8 miles south of Ruraldale, measures 4' 3" of clean coal, according to Teets, the elevation being B. The Gilmore Brake Farm Mine (No. 50 on Map IV), on a short branch, 2.8 miles northwest of Buckhannon, showed 4' 3" of clean coal, according tu Teets, the elevation being 1520' B. The John Teets Farm Mine (No. 51 on Map IV), on Sugar Run, 1.5 miles southwest of Pecks Run village, exhibits 0" of clean coal, according to Teets, its elevation being 1465' B. The J. E. Green Heirs Farm Mine (No. 52 on Map IV), on the right branch of Sugar Run, 1.9 miles southwest of Pecks Run village, shows 5' 6" of clean coal, according to Teets, at an elevation of 1515' B. The J. M. Shumakef Farm Mine (No. 53 on Map IV), on the right branch of Sugar Run, 1.8 miles southwest of Pecks Run village, measured 5' 1" of clean, blocky coal, according to Teets, at an elevation of 1525' B. A large amount of coal from this mine was formerly hauled to Buckhannon for domestic fuel before natural gas was brought to that city. The Perry Westfall Farm Mine (No. 54 on Map IV), on the right branch of Sugar Run, 1.5 miles southwest of Pecks Run, shows 5' 6" of clean, block coal, according to Teets, at an elevation of 1530' B. The following section was measured by Teets in an opening along the main run:
William Post Farm Mine — No. 55 on Map IV.
On Turkey Run, 2.5 miles southwest of Pecks Run village; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1540' B.
Ft In.
Coal, rotten 1' 2"
Coal, slaty 0 3
Coal, block 5 0 6 5
The William Lance Farm Mine (No. 56 on Map IV), on Three Lick Run, 2.3 miles northwest of Buckhannon, measures 4' 1", according to Teets, the elevation being B. The Lashley and Nelson Debarr Farm Mine (No. 57 on Map IV), on Three Lick Run, 1.8 miles northwest of Buckhannon, shows 4' 0" of clean, block coal, according to Teets, at an elevation of leOC B. The David Teets Farm Mine (No. 58 on Map IV), located on Three Lick Run, 1.8 miles north of Buckhannon, had partly fallen shut when it was examined by Teets, but 3' 9" of clean coal was still visible, the elevation being 1615' B. The following is another mine in the same vicinity :
Luther Martin Farm Mine — No. 59 on Map IV.
On a branch of Three Ldck Run, 1.9 miles north of Buckhannon; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1630' B.
Ft. In.
A sample was collected by Teets at this mine, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 59 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The coal in this locality lies near the tops of the hills and a large part of it has already been mined and hauled on wagons to Buckhannon for steam and domestic fuel, where it has always been held in Ingh favor by the consumers.
Redstone CoaU Buckhannon District Upshur.
jn Buckhannon District, there is a large acreage of the Redstone Coal in the northwestern corner in the vicinity of Lorentz, but the coal rises rapidly southeastward until it disappears above the hilltops west of Buckhannon. The coal
West Virginia Geological Survey. 455
has been mined commercially at two points in the District. Numerous openings have been made along the waters of Fink Run, where the coal is uniformly good. The following is a farm mine from which a large amount of coal has been wagoned into Buckhannon for steam and domestic use, as reported by Teets :
Alberta Post Farm Mine — No. 60 on Map IV.
On the northern branch of Fink Run, 1.2 miles north of Buckhannon; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1660' B.
Ft In.
Coal, good, block (with slate roof and pavement) 5 1
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under lUEine No. 60 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
At the G. M. Fleming Farm Mine (No. 61 on Map IV), on the same branch of Fink Run, 1.6 miles northwest of Buckhannon, the coal is reported clean and blocky, and 4' 1" thick, at an elevation of 1655' B. The G. M. Fleming Farm Mine (No. 62 on Ma IV), located on Mudlick Run, 1.7 miles northwest of Buckhannon, measures 3' 10" of clean. coal, at an elevation of 1650' B., being near the top of the ridge. A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 62 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
At the D. B. Rohrbough Farm Mine (No. 63 on Map IV), on Mudlick Run, 2.7 miles northeast of Lorentz, the open, was partly filled with water but showed 4' 0" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1525' B. The Ira Strader Farm Mine (No. 64 on Map IV), on Mudlick Run, 2.8 miles northeast of Lorentz, measures 4' 0" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1525' B. The A. B. Bailey Farm Mine (No. 65 on Map IV), on Mudlick Run, 2 miles northeast of Lorentz, shows 5' 0" of clean coal, at ai. elevation of 1465' B. At the Philip Smith Heirs Coal Exposure (No. 66 on Map IV), on the head of Mudlick Run, 2.3 miles northeast of Lorentz, the coal measures 4' 6", being just above drainage, at an elevation of 1425' B.
At the following mine the coal has been operated commercially for several years, being of good quality except that
Coal.
clay veins occasionally appear in the seam, causing considerable trouble. The information as given below was secured by Ray V. Hennen and formerly published in Volume page 672,. of the Survey:
Red Rock Fuel Company Mine — No. 67 on Map IV.
On Wash Ron of Fink, 0.8 mile north of Red Rock Station; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1490' B. '
Ft. In.
1. Sandstone, massive, Blate at bottom 100 0
2. Coal, Redstone, bright, hard, 3' 0'' to 4
4. Coal, Pittsburgh, heavy blossom, said to be.. 1 6
"Butts, N. 75° W.; faces, S. 15* W.; greatest rise, S. 51%° B., 1.8 per cent.; mine capacity, 250 tons; men employed, 45; coal shipped Elast for steam purposes; authority for mine data, Robert Long, Superintendent; sample from No. 2 for analysis."
The composition of this sample is published under Mine No. 67 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. According to Mr. H. L. Reppert, the present Superintendent, most of the coal now goes West to Detroit and the capacity of the mine is somewhat increased over the figures shown above.
Two mines have been recently opened for commercial shipment on the property of A. J. Marple, both having been located since field work was completed. The Midway Mine of the Graham-Sharfeneker Coal Company (No. 67A on Map IV), of Buckhannon, West Virginia, is located on Fink Run, 0.9 mile east of Lorentz, where the coal has an elevation of 1448' L. The Sarah Mine of the Florence Coal Mining Company (No. 67B on Map IV), of Latrobe, Pennsylvania, is located on Fink Run, 0.7 mile east of Lorentz, the coal being only a few feet lower than at the Midway Mine.
The coal has been mined by slope at the following opening where it is slightly under drainage. At the time of the writer's visit to this locality, the mine was not in operation and the entrance was closed, the data as published below having been obtained by Ray V. Hennen and previously published in Volume IT (A), page 672, of the Survey. The mine has htely been reopened and is now shipping coal :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 45/
Pennsylvania Consolidated Coal Co. Mine — No. 68 on Map IV.
On Fink Run, 0.3 mile east of Lorentz; Redstone Coal; elevation, 1430' B.
Ft. In.
2. Coal, Redstone, bright, hard, 3 feet to 4 4
"Butts, S. lb"* E.; faces, S. IS"* W.; greatest rise, S. SO*" E.; mine capacity, 100 tons; authority for mine data, C. C. Duvall, Pumper and Engineer; sample from No. 2 for analysis/'
The composition of the above sample is published under Mine No. 68 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. According to recent information, the above mine is being operated by the Pool-Townsend Coal Company.
The A. J. Marple Farm Mine (No. 69 on Map IV), located on Bills Run, 1.1 miles southeast of Lorentz, was partly filled with water when examined, but showed 3 to 4 feet of clean coal, at an elevation of 1460' B. The Ed Hinzman Farm Mine (No. 70 on Map IV), located on Brushy Fork, 1.3 miles southeast of Lorentz, shows 3' 8" of clean coal, at an elevation of ISOC B. The following is another opening farther east :
J. E. Green Heirs Farm Mine — No. 71 on Map IV.
On Brushy Fork of Fink; 1.5 miles north of Atlas; Redstone Coat; elevation, 1686' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy
Coal 2' 7"
Shale, gray 0 6
Coal 0 10 3 11
Slate pavement
A few openings have been made on the waters of Stonecoal Creek, some of them being along Spruce Fork where they are near drainage on account of the high plateau, while others are farther down where the Stonecoal waters have cut nearly 400 feet deeper in the measures, making the coal high in the hills. The L. L. Dowell Farm Mine (No. 72 on Map IV), located on Spruce Fork, 1.3 miles west of Atlas, shows 3' 10" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1560 L. The Fred Cleavenger Farm Mine (No. 73 on Map IV), on Spruce Fork,
Coal.
1.6 miles northwest of Atlas, measures 3' 0" of clean coal, having an elevation of 1485' B. The Lee Lewis Heirs Farm Mine (No. 74 on Map IV), on Spruce Fork, 1.8 miles west of Atlas, shows 3' 6" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1500' B. The Thomas Moss Farm Mine (No. 75 on Map IV), on Right Fork of Stonecoal, 2.2 miles west of Atlas, measures 2' 9" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1490 B.
Quantity of Redstone Coal Available.
The following table shows the probable amount of Redstone Coal available in those Districts of both counties where it is found, computed on the basis of 25 cubic feet of coal per short ton, the area being measured with planimeter by Teets from the outcrops shown on Maps II and IV :
Probable Amoimt of Redstone Coal.
Counties by Districts.
"O
Od
rm
5 Gq
SCQfa
H
Gq
&
o O
it
Barbour: Pleasant Elk Union PWllppl
Totals
I !
Upshur:
Warren
Buckhannon
Totals ,
Totals for Both Counties,
I-
West Virginia Geological Survey. 439
Pittsburgh Coal.
The Pittsburgh Coal, previously discussed in Chapter V, page 200, and shown by outcrop lines on Maps II and IV in those regions where it occurs in minable thickness above drainage, is a valuable fuel resource in western Barbour and northern Upshur, being mined commercially on a large scale at one point and being tested and held for reserve fuel at another large mine. In western Barbour it has been opened at many points for local domestic use, and varies from 5 to 10 feet thick, being practically free from slates and other impurities. In Upshur it is thick enough for mining only in the northeastern comer, where it has been used but little owing to the superior Redstone Coal which everywhere in that locality is found above it. The chemical composition of the Pittsburgh Coal shows it to be a fine coal for steam and domestic fuel, but its sulphur content is usually too high to permit its use for coke. In this Report it has been iised as the basis for the structure map in western Barbour and northern Upshur. Its probable minable extent is shown by Figure 5.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 461
Pittsburgh CoaU Pleasant District Barbour.
In Pleasant District, the Pittsburgh Coal is above drainage along the principal streams but the eastward rise of the locks carries its horizon above the hilltops in the eastern third of the District. One large mine operates it commercially and others are being projected. Several farm openings have been made along Pleasant Creek, which are reported by Teets as follows :
The John Lough Farm Mine (No. 76 on Map II), located 2.9 miles west of Pleasant Creek village, showed 7' V of clean coal, at an elevation of 1440' B. The Columbus Lough Farm Mine (No. 77 on Map II), located 3.1 miles west of Pleasant Creek village, showed 7' C of clean coal, the elevation being 1390' B. The Benjamin Bartlett Farm Mine (No. 78 on Map II), located 2.5 miles north of Berryburg, measured 6' 1" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1360' B. The following mine was sampled for analysis :
C. J. Stansberry Farm Mine — No. 79 on Map II.
On Pleasant Creek, 2.5 miles northwest of Berryburg; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1300' B.
Pt. in.
Coal (with slate roof and pavement) 7 6
A sample was collected from this coal, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 79 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Joshua Cole Farm Mine (No. 80 on Map II), located 2.2 miles north of Berryburg, showed 6' 2" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1345' B. The C. J. Stansberry Farm Mine (No. ,81 on Map II), located on a branch 2 miles northeast of Berryburg, measured 8' 2" of coal, with an elevation of 1435' B. The Owen Haddix Farm Mine (No. 82 on Map II), located on a branch 2 miles southwest of Pleasant Creek yillage, showed 5' 1" of coal at an elevation of 1665' B., being near the top of the hill and having only about 10 feet of cover over the coal.
A small acreage of the coal is found on the head of Taylor Drain of Tygart Valley River where the following mines are reported by Teets :
Coal.
The Harter Wilson Farm Mine (No. 83 on Map II), located 0.9 mile north of Switzer, measured (J 0" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1675' B. The Abraham McDaniels Farm Mine (No. 84 on Map II), located 1.1 miles north of Switzer, showed 6' 2" of clean coal, with an elevation of 1670' B.
On Foxgrape Run of Hackers Creek, the coal is being mined not only for farm use but also for commercial fuel as well, the following openings being reported by Teets :
The Calvin Boylen Farm Mine (No. 85 on Map II), located 1.5 miles northeast of Berryburg, showed 5' 3" of coal, at an elevation of 1605' B., part of the coal being concealed. A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 85 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Isaac Duckworth Farm Mine (No. 86 on Map II), located 0.4 mile east of Berryburg, measured 7' 9" of coal, at an elevation of 1530 B. The following is another opening near Berryburg:
W. W. Heatherly Farm Mine— No. 87 on Map II.
On Foxgrape Run, 0.6 mile south of Berryburg; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1610' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal 4' 2"
Coal, harder 0 6
Coal 4 5 9 1
The coal is being mined extensively by the Consolidation Coal Company, successors to the Southern Coal and Transportation Company, on the head of Foxgrape Run, where the seam lies only a few feet above drainage, at an ideal height for mining. These mines were examined by A. P. Brady, as previously reported in Volume II, pages 180-181, of the Survey. The coal is mined on both sides of the creek, as the following report by Teets will show :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 4C3
Consolidation Coal Co. No. 37 Mine (Berryburg) — No. 88 on
Map II.
On south side of Foxgrape Run, at Berryhurg; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1438'
Pt In.
1. Coal, head 1' 6"
"Owned by Consolidation Coal Company; principal office. Fairmont, West Virginia; daily capacity, 1600 tons; daily output, 600 tons; 43 laborers and 60 miners employed; electric haulage; shipped £2ast for steam fuel; butts, N. 83'' E.; faces, N. 7"* W.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from No. 2 of section in 4th Right Heading off No. 1 South, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; W. W. Ferguson, Superintendent, authority for mine data."
The composition of this sample is published under Mine No. 88 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
'Consolidation Coal Co. No. 37 Mine (Berryburg) — No. r-
Map II.
On the north side of Foxgrape Run, at Berryburg; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1410' B.
Ft. In.
Slate roof
Coal 4' 8"
Coal, harder 0 5
Coal 4 4 9 5
"Owned by Consolidation Coal Company; principal office, Brmont. West Virginia; daily capacity, 1500 tons; daily output, 1000 tons; 125 miners and 75 laborers employed; electric haulage; shipped East for steam fuel; W. W. Ferguson, Superintendent, authority fbr mine data."
According to Teets, only 7' 6" of the coal is mined, 18 to 20 inches being left up for roof. The composition of a sample from this mine, as previously collected by Mr. Brady, is published under Mine No. 89 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Numerous farm openings have been made along Simpson Creek, reported as follows by Teets :
The Floyd Talbott Farm Mine (No. 90 on Map II), located 0.9 mile north of Berryburg, at an elevation of 1415' B.,
Coal.
had fallen shut and no measurement was obtained. The Sylvanus Talbott Farm Mine (No. 91 on Map II), located 1.1 miles northwest of Berryburg, measured T 5", at an elevation of 1345' B. The O. F. Marks Farm Mine (No. 92 on Map II), located 1.3 miles northwest of Berryburg, showed 7' 6" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1330 B. The Lon Clevenger Farm Mine (No. 93 on Map II), located 2.5 miles northwest of Berryburg, measured 8' 3" in all, there being 9" of harder coal about 4 feet from the top, the elevation of the mine being IZSC B. Another opening shows the following:
A. I. Clevenger Farm Mine — No. 94 on Map II.
On Simpson Greek, 2.1 miles northwest of Berryburg; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1275' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal 2' 7"
Coal, hard 0 8
Coal 4 0 7 8
Slate, pavement
Hezekiah Shaw Farm Mine — No. 95 on Map II.
On Simpson Creek, 1.6 miles southeast of Astor; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1240' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal 2' 10"
Coal, hard 0 8
Coal 4 0 7 6
Slate, pavement
The J. K. Clevenger Farm Mine (No. 96 on Map II), located 1.1 miles southeast of Astor, measured 7' 6" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1215' B. The C. G. Clevenger Farm Mine (No. 97 on Map II), located 0.8 mile southeast of Astor, showed T 7" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1210/ B. 'in<-* Ed Tombl3m Farm Mine (No. 98 on Map II), located 0.6 mile west of Astor, measured 7' 0" of clean coal, with an elevation of 1250' B. The W. B. Crouse Farm Mine (No. 99 on Map II), located 0.6 mile southwest of Astor, showed 6' 11" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1265' B. The W. E. Stuart Farm Mine
I"
Is
West Virginia Geological Survey. 465
(No. 100 on Map II), located on Bartlett Run, 1.2 miles west of Astor, measured 6' IC/' of clean coal, at an elevation of B. The Consolidation Coal Company Farm Mine (No. 101 on Map II), located on Bartlett Run, 1.2 miles southwest of Astor, showed T 1" of clean coal, at an elevation of 127CK B. The Webster Goodwin Heirs Farm Mine (No. 102 on Map II), located on the east fork of West Branch, 1.6 miles southeast of Astor, measured 7' 3" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1230' B. The Cleophas Goodwin Farm Mine (No. 103 on Map II), located on Stillhouse Branch, 1.8 miles south of Astor, showed 7' V of clean coal, at an elevation of 1240' B. The O. D. Queen Farm Mine (No. 104 on Map II), located on West Branch, 2.2 miles south of Astor, measured 7' 4" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1270 B. The Samuel Rice Farm Mine (No. 105 on Map II), located on West Branch, 2.6 miles south of Astor, showed 7' 3" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1290' B. The D. G. Wright Farm Mine (No. 106 on Map II), located on West Branch, 2.8 miles south of Astor, showed 7' 1" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1295' B. The Rebecca Bartlett Farm Mine (No. 107 on Map II), located on West Branch, 2.3 miles southwest of Astor, measured 7' 3" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1315' B., the entire thickness of the coal not being exposed as the upper portion was left up for roof.
PittsburBh CoaU Elk District Barbour.
In Elk District, the Pittsburgh Coal covers a considerable acreage, being found well up in the hills in the western and central parts. In the southeastern end, however, in the vicinity of Elk City, the rise of the rocks has elevated the horizon of this coal above the tops of the hills. In those regions where the coal is found it is of good quality and thickness, as the following openings, examined by Teets, will show :
Several openings have been made along Brushy Fork of Elk. The E. L. Smith Farm Mine (No. 108 on Map II), located 1.8 miles west of Pepper, showed 6' 3" of clean coal, ai an elevation of B. The William Rcedcr Farm Mine (No. 109 on Map II), located 0.8 mile west of Pepper, measured 2" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1325' B. The Vy Hudkins
Coal.
Farm Mine (No. 110 on Map II), located 0.6 mile southeast of Pepper, showed 7' 9" of clean coal, with an elevation of 1 295' B. The Emma Hudkins Farm Mine (No. Ill on Map II), located 1 mile southeast of Pepper, showed 8' 0" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1295' B. The following measurement was made in the same locality :
Winford Knight Farm Mine— No. 112 on MsTp II.
On Brushy Fork of Elk, 1.1 miles northeast of Pepper; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1295' B.
Ft. In.
Limestone, Redstone 4 6
Sandstone and concealed 15 0
Slate 2 0
Coal, Pittsburgh 8 1
Slate, pavement
On main Elk and its several short branches, there are numerous openings of the coal. The J. H. Bird Farm Mine (No. 113 on Map II), located on Bird Run, 1.1 miles northwest of Overfield, showed 6' 4" of clean coal, at an elevation of B. The John Paugh Farm Mine (No. 114 on Map II), located on Arnold Run, 0.9 mile southwest of Overfield, showed 6' 10" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1280' B. The Draper Paugh Heirs Farm Mine (No. 115 on Map II), located on a branch of Arnold Run, 0.6 mile south of Overfield, measured 7' 1" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1305' B. The Ed. Young Farm Mine (No. 116 on Map II), located on a branch of Arnold Run, 0.8 mile southeast of Overfield, showed 7' 0" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1315' B. The Ed. Young Farm Mine (No. 117 on Map II), located on Arnold Run, 1.6 miles northwest of Peeltree, measured 6' 9" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1285' B. The Isaac Paugh Farm Mine (No. 118 on Map II), located on Arnold Run, 1.4 miles northeast of Peeltree, showed 5' 9" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1265' B. The Oran Martin Farm Mine (No. 119 on Map II), locate on Arnold Run, 2 miles northeast of Peeltree, measured 5' 11" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1240 B. The Nathan Johnson Farm Mine (No. 120 on Map II), located on main Elk, 0.3 mile north of Overfield, showed 6' 1" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1305' B.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 467
Franklin Paugh Farm Mine — No. 121 on Map II.
On a branch of Elk, 1.4 miles northeast of Overfleld; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1320' B.
Ft. in.
Slate '
Coal 4' 0"
Coal, hard 0 8
Coal 3 11 8 7
Slate, pavement
Creed Watson Farm Mine— No. 122 on Map II.
On a branch of Elk, 1.9 miles northeast of Overfleld; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1300' B.
Ft in.
Slate
Coal 4' 2"
Coal, hard... 0 10
Coai 3 10 8 10
Slate, pavement.
The J. J. House Farm Mine (No. 123 on Map II), located on a branch of Elk, 1.9 miles northeast of Overfield, showed 8' 9" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1335' B.
John Stone Farm Mine — No. 124 on Map II.
On a branch of EHk, 2.1 miles northeast of Overfleld; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1330' B.
Ft In.
Slate
Coal 4' 3"
Coal, harder 0 10
Coai 3 10 8 11
Slate, pavement.
The D. G. Hudkins Farm Mine (No. 125 on Map II), located 2.3 miles east of Overfield, showed 8' (/' of coal, at an elevation of 1265' B., coming 35 feet below the Redstone Coal.
The Creed Nutter Farm Mine (No. 126 on Map II), located on a branch, 2.8 miles east of Overfield, showed 8' 6" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1295' B.
A. G. Humphreys Farm Mine — No. 127 on Map II.
On Isaacs Run of Elk, 3 miles northwest of Elk City; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1266' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal 4' 0"
Coal, hard 0 8
Coal : 3 3 7 11
Slate, pavement
M. D. Riley Farm Mine— No. 128 on Map II.
On Isaacs Run of Elk, 3.4 miles northwest of Elk City; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1290' B.
Pt In.
Slate
Coal 3' 8"
Coal, hard 0 9
Coal 3 8 8 1
Slate, pavement
William Stout Farm Mine— No. 129 on Map II.
On Isaacs Run of Elk, 2 miles southeast of Overfield; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1255' B.
Pt. in.
Slate
Coal 3' 10"
Coal, hard 0 9
Coal 3 7 8 2
Slate, pavement.
The Ledrew Paugh Farm Mine (No. 130 on Map II), located on Isaacs Run, 1.8 miles southeast of Overfield, showed 8' 0" of clean coal, at an elevation of B.
J. L. Dickinson Farm Mine — No. 131 on Map II.
On Beech Lick Run of Elk, 2.5 miles northwest of Elk City; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1305' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black 1
Coal, soft V 1"
Coal, bony 0 3
Coal, blocky 5 3 6 7
Slate, pavement,
West Virginia Geological Survey. 469
J. N. Cutlip Farm Mine— No. 132 on Map II.
On Beech Lick Run of Elk, 2.2 miles west of Elk City, Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1335' B.
Pt. In.
Shale, gray
Goal 0' 6"
Coal, bony 0 2
Coal 5 0 5 8
Slate, pavement.
Several openings have been made along the tvio branches of Stewart Run of Elk, as follows :
S. J. Gall Farm Mine— No. 133 on Map II.
On a branch of Stewart Run of Elk, 1.6 miles northwest of Elk City; Pittsburgh Coal; elevaUon, 1420' B.
Pt. In.
Shale :
Coal 0' 8"
Coal and bone S 0
Coal, mined 6 1 9 9
Slate, pavement
Amos Nutter Farm Mine — No. 134 on Map II.
On Stewart Run of Elk, 2.5 miles northwest of Elk 'City; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1325' B.
Pt. In.
Coal (with slate roof and pavement) 8 11
A sample was collected at this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 134 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Ed. Watson Farm Mine (No. 135 on Map II); located on Stewart Run of Elk, 2.6 miles northwest of Elk City, measured 8' 10" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1325' B. The Adam Dearing Farm Mine (No. 136 on Map II), located 2.6 miles southwest of Berryburg, measured 8' 3" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1325' B. The Granville Clevenger Farm Mine (No. 137 on Map II), located 2.2 miles southwest of Berryburg, showed 8' 3" of clean coal, with an elevation of B. The Emma Hudkins Farm Mine (No. 138 on Map II), located 2 miles southwest of Berryburg,
Coal.
at an elevation of 1345' B., had fallen shut and .the thickness was not obtained. The J. G. Carlin Farm Mine (No. 139 on Map II), located 1.6 miles southwest of Berryburg, measured a total of 9' 0" of coal, 6' 0" of it being mined, at an elevation of B.
W. D. and T. G. McKinney Farm Mine— No. 140 on Map II.
On Stewart Run, 1.6 miles west of Berryburg; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1340' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal 4' 0"
Coaly harder 0 6
Coal 4 6 9 0
Slate, pavement
Arthur Conley Farm Mine— No. 141 on Map II.
On Stewart Run of Elk, 1.3 miles southwest of Berryburg; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1390' B.
PC Ln
Slate
Coal 4' 0"
Coal, harder 0 5
Coal 4 9 9 t
Slate, pavement
Only 6' 2" of the above coal is mined, the remainder being left up for roof.
J. A. Wentz Farm Mine — No. 142 on Map II.
On a branch of Elk, 1.1 miles northwest of Elk City; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1480' B.
Ft. m
Slate
Coal 0' 6"
Slate 0 1
Coal 2 2
Coal, bony 0 5
Coal 3 7 6 9
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 142 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 47I
Pittsburgh CoaU Union District Barbour.
The Pittsburgh Coal occupies a large acreage in the western third of Union District, but in the region east of Volga its horizon is above the hilltops. It has been opened freqently for farm use but has not been mined commercially although the Century Coal Company has driven a shaft down to it. The several openings noted by Teets are given on the following pages:
Taylor Ward Farm Mine— No. 143 on Map II.
On Gnatty Creek, 0.6 mile northwest of Peeltree; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1265' B.
Ft. In.
Coal (with slate roof and pavement) 6 4
A sample was collected from this opening for analysis, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 143 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Besides the opening just given above, numerous others have been made along Gnatty Creek, where the coal has a good
development. The N. B. White Farm Mine (No. 144 on Map II), located at Peeltree, showed 7' 4" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1235' B. The Hansford Bean Farm Mine (No. 145 on Map II), located on Peeltree Run, 1.2 miles northeast of Peeltree village, measured S' 10" of clean coal, at an elevation of B. The Floyd Bean Farm Mine (No. 146 on Map II), located on a branch, 0.6 mile east of Peeltree, measured 5' 1", with an elevation of 1210' B. The William Arnold Farm Mine (No. 147 on Map II), located on Right Branch, 1.1 miles west of Century, showed 7' 1" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1215' B. The Frank Maxwell Farm Mine (iNo. 148 on Map II), measured 6' 3" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1205'. B. The A. H. Young Farm Mine (No. 149 on Map II), located on a branch of Crane Fork, 1.7 miles east of Peeltree, measured 7' 6" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1230' B.
Columbia Brown Farm Mine— No. 150 on Map II.
On Crane Fork of Gnatty Creek, 2.3 miles east of Peel tree; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1270' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal 4' 0"
Coal, hard 0 10
Coal 3 0 7 10
Slate, pavement
HufiFman Trimble Farm Mine — No. 151 on Map II.
On Crane Fork of Gnatty Creek, 2.2 miles northeast of Peeltree; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1260' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal 3' 2"
Coal, hard 0 8
Coal 3 10 7 9
Slate, pavement
located on the head of Crane Fork, 2.6 miles northeast of
Peeltree, measured 7' 2" of clean coal, with an elevation of
B. The Dr. Isaac Smith Farm Mine (No. 153 on Map
II), located on Crane Fork, 1.2 miles northwest of Simon,
showed 7' 4" of clean coal, at an elevation of B.
Lee Morrison Farm Mine — No. 154 on Map II.
On Crane Fork, 1.5 miles northwest of Simon; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1300' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal 3' 0"
Coal, hard 0 8
Coal 3 4 7 0
Slate, pavement
located on Left Branch, 1.7 miles northeast of Century, measured 7' 1" of clean coal, at an elevation of B. The Icy Post Farm Mine (No. 156 on Map II), located on Left Branch. 1.3 miles northeast of Century, showed 7' 0" of clean coal, at
West Virginia Geological Survey. 473
c:n elevation of 1275' B. The Columbus Crites Farm Mine (No. 157 on Map II), located on Left Branch, 2.1 miles northeast.of Century, measured 7' 0" of clean coal. The Dora Hickman Farm Mine (No. 158 on Map II), located on Left Branch 2.1 miles northeast of Century, showed 7' 6" of clean coal, at an elevation of ISSC B.
A few openings have been made along Indian Fork of Elk. The Amett Queen Farm Mine (No. 159 on Map II), located 0.3 mile west of Simon, showed S' 1" of clean coal, at &n elevation of lAOV B. The E. H. Chapman Farm Mine (No. 160 on Map II), located 0.4 mile northwest of Simon, measured 5' 3" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1395' B.
At Exposure No. 161 on Map II, on a branch of Big Run of Buckhannon River, 1.5 miles northwest of Volga, the coal is visible in the county road, showing a thickness of 3' 1", with an elevation of 1480' B. Just across the hill southeast of the above exposure, it is visible at Exposure No. 162 on Map II, on the head of Rock Run of Pecks Run, 1.3 miles northwest of Volga, being 3' 0" thick, at an elevation of 1510' B.
In the vicinity of Century on Big Run, the Pittsburgh Coal is nearly 200 feet below drainage where it has been shafted through at the Century Coal Company Prospect (No. 163 on Map II), beneath its mine in the Redstone Coal, the thickness of the Pittsburgh being reported 5' 10" by Cleo. Swecker, Civil Engineer, of Century, West Virginia.
Pittsburgh Coal, Philippi District Barbour.
In Philippi District, there are only a few acres of the Pittsburgh Coal, cropping near the tops of the hills at the headwaters of Hackers Creek and Shooks Run, where, so far as known, the coal is not at present being mined. In the rciriaining part of the District, its horizon belongs above the tops of the hills.
Pittsburgh Coaly Cove Districts Barbour.
In Cove District where the Belington Syncline has preserved the Conemaugh Series, along with a few traces of the lonongahela, the Pittsburgh Coal is found in one high ridge
AiA COAL.
in the northern portion next to the Preston Line, between the waters of Sandy Creek and Big Cove Run. There are two small areas, one of which is a mere fragment in the top the hill, 1.5 miles westward from Colebank. At the other locality the coal is being mined for local use, the following information being obtained :
D. W. Cobun Farm Mine— No. 164 on Map II.
On Sandy Creek, 1 mile southwest of Colebank; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1875' B.; butts, N. 87° W.
Ft In.
2. Draw slate, reported 8" to 0 10
3. Coal, good, reported 3' 0" to 4' 0"
4. Coal, soft, columnar 6 6 10 6
A sample was collected from No. 4 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 164 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Pittsburgh Coalj Barker District Barbour.
In Barker District, the Pittsburgh Coal is preserved the Belingon Syncline in a few high ridges north of Belington, where it is fast being mined out for local use. The following openings were found in this region :
James Ramsey Farm Mine — No. 165 on Map II.
On a branch of Sugar Creek, 1.4 miles west of Huffman; Pitt burgh Coal; butts, N. 88° W.; elevation, 2150' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark 4 0
Coal, somewhat slaty, roof 2' 0"
Slate, black 0 1
Coal 6 10
Slate, black 0 1
Coal 1 0 10 0
Slate, pavement
West Virginia Geological Survey. 475
Mollie Coonts Farm Mine — No. 166 on Map II.
Qn the north branch of Wolf Run, 1.2 miles west of Huffman: Pittsburgh Coal; butts, N. 85* W.; elevation, 2135' B.
Ft. In.
A sample was collected from Nos. 4 and 6 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 166 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
G. M. and C. C. Right Bros. Farm Mine— No. 167 on Map II.
On Wolf Run, 2.2 miles north of Belington; Pittsburgh Coal; ele* vaUon. 2140' B.; butts, N. W.
Ft. In.
A sample was collected from Nos. 4 and 6 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 167 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Pittsburgh Coal was once opened at the Alfred Moore Farm Mine (No. 168 on Map II), located at the top of the ridge between two branches of Wolf Run. 1.5 miles north of Belington, with an elevation of 2120' B., but the place had fallen shut and no measurement could be obtained.
FHttsbttrgh Coal, Warren District Upshur.
In Warren District, the Pittsburgh Coal horizon is exposed along the principal streams, but appears to be of minable value only along portions of Pecks Run and Turkey Run, on the extreme head of Hackers Creek, and on Charity
Coal.
Fork of Gnatty Creek. Elsewhere it seems to be too thin for economic use although its position is usually marked by a thin seam of coal or black slate. Map IV shows the crop of the coal only in those regions where it is known to be of value.
On Charity Fork the coal was observed by Teets at the Luther Arnold Farm Min€ (No. 169 on Map IV), located 1.8 miles west of Century, where it showed 8' 9" of coal, at an elevation of USV B.
On Little Pecks Run, the coal was noted by Teets at Coal Exposure No. 170 on Map IV, 1.2 miles northeast of Pecks Run village, being V 6" thick, at an elevation of 1455' B.
On a branch of Pecks Run, just east of Pecks Run Station, the coal was once opened at the Dudley Marple Farm Mine (No. 171 on Map IV), having an elevation of 1578' L., and being 36 feet below the Redstone Coal which is opened in the hill above. The Pittsburgh opening had fallen shut and no measurement was obtained.
On Hackers Creek, the coal was noted by Teets at the Alva KarickhofF Exposure (No. 172 on Map* IV), located on a branch 0.8 mile northeast of Ruraldale, where it had a thickness of 3' 6", at an elevation of ISICK B.
On Turkey Run, the coal was noted at a few points, the following opening, measured by Teets, being the best exposure :
N. W. Loudin Farm Mine — No. 173 on Map IV.
On the left fork of Sugar Run, 1.8 miles southwest of Pecks Run village; Pittsburgh Coal; elevation, 1439' L.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal 3' 2"
Coal, hard 0 8
Coal 3 2 7 0
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 173 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
On the right branch of Sugar Run, the coal was noted by Teets at Exposure No. 174 on Map IV, in the county road 1.1 miles south of Pecks Run village, having a thickness of 3 feet, at an elevation of B.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 47/
At the forks of Turkey Run, near the residence of Hous ton Radabaugh, 2 miles southwest of Ruraldale, the blossom of the coal is visible at Exposure No. 175 on Map IV, being about 1 foot thick, at an elevation of B. A test pit was once opened here but little coal was found.
On the divide between two short branches of the Buckhannon River, 1 mile southwest of Pecks Run Station, the blossom of the coal was observed by Teets at Exposure No. 176 on Map IV, in the county road, showing a thickness of about 2 feet and having an elevation of 1560' B.
On the divide between Threelick Run of Turkey Run and a branch of Fink Run, the coal was noted by Teets at Exposure No. 177 on Map IV, in the county road, 1.9 miles north of Buckhannon, having a thickness of about 2 feet and an elevation of leOC B.
Pittsburgh Coal Buckhannon District Upshur.
In Buckhannon District, the h,horizon of the Pittsburgh Coal is exposed along the waters of Fink Run, but it appears to be of little value. It was noted by Teets at the Carper Brothers Exposure (No. 178 on Map IV), on the north branch of Fink, 1.7 miles north of Buckhannon, where there was a thickness of 1' 6", at an elevation of 1615' B., the coal coming 40 feet below the Redstone Coal.
On Wash Run of Fink, 0.4 mile north of Red Rock Station, the coal was once opened at Prospect No. 179 on Map IV, at an elevation of 1460 B., but apparently little coal had been found and the prospect was abandoned.
Quantity of Pittsburgh Coal Available.
The following table shows the probable amount of Pittsburgh Coal available in those Districts where it is found, the acreage being measured by planimeter by Teets in those regions where the crop of the coal is indicated in minable thickness on Maps II and IV:
Coal,
Probable Amount of Pittsburgh Coal.
Counties by
Districts.
Barbour: Pleasant Elk Union . . Philippi Cove . . . Barker .
Coal eet.
Co
o
Co 'O
d S
0?
M :3
o S
p
Pi
go
Od
Totals
Upshur: Warren
Totals for Area.
Minable Coals Of The Conemaugh Series.
Elk Lick Coal.
The Elk Lick Coal, previously discussed in Chapter VI, page 217, and shown by outcrop lines on Maps II and IV in those regions where it is of possible minable thickness, occurs in considerable quantity along the Belington Syncline in eastern Barbour and also in northeastern and central Upshur, where it has been mined commercially. It is not found in Randolph, as its horizon is everywhere above the hilltops. Its thickness varies from 1 to 5 feet and it usually has impurities of slate and bone that decrease its value greatly. It has furnished a considerable amount of domestic fuel in re gions where better coals are not available. Figure 6 shows its probable areal extent.
I
,.t:— '-.rg' Ir
Mi
thos in -
wtx
Its ptt ha-its
.
Elk Lick Coaly Pleasant District Barbour.
In Pleasant District, the Elk Lick Coal crops along a narrow belt in the eastern central portion of the District but is too thin to be of much value, according to Teets. At Coal Exposure No. 206 on Map II, along the public road on waters of Shaw Run, 1.1 miles northwest of Clemtown, it is represented by 4 inches of coal, at an elevation of 1745' B. Another exposure shows the following:
Coal Exposure No. 207 on Map II.
On Foxgrape Run, along the public road, 0.3 'mile west of Switzer; Elk Lick Coal; elevation, 1390' B.
Ft. In.
Limestone, Orlando 2 0
Coal 0' 3"
Fire clay 1 0
Coal 1 2 2 5
Slate :
Elk Lick Coal, Elk District, Barbour.
In Elk District, the horizon of the Elk Lick Coal is ex posed along the waters of Elk Creek, a short distance west of Elk City, but the coal seems to be of little value. Teets has identified it at Coal Exposure No. 208 on Map II, where it crops in the bank of Stewart Run, 2.2 miles northwest of Elk City, at an elevation of 1085' B., and with a thickness of V 3".
Elk Lick CoaU Union District, Barbour.
In Union District, the Elk Lick Coal crops along a narrow belt about two miles west of and roughly parallel to the Buckhannon River, but is of little value, being often represented only by a blossom. At Coal Exposure No. 209 on Map II, on a branch of Big Run, O.S mile southwest of Volga, it is noted in the public road by Teets, at an elevation of 1525' B., but its thickness is only (Y 10". At Coal Exposure No. 210 on Map II, on Rock Run, 1.2 miles southwest of Volga, it is noted by Teets in the public road, with a thickness of 1' 3", and an elevation of 1460 B.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 481
In the three Districts just described, all lying west of the Buckhannon and Tygart Valley Rivers, the horizon of the Elk Lick Coal belongs under drainage along a wide belt at the western edge, but such borings as are available do not record its presence. Judging by this evidence and by the unfavorable exposures along its crop, the coal can not be considered of possible minable value in this region, and its crop is therefore not shown on Map II in these Districts.
Elk Lick Coaly Cove District Barbour.
In Cove District, the Elk Lick Coal has been mined at several points for local domestic use. Its thickness varies from 2 to 3 feet, usually with a small slate parting. As shown by Map II, the coal crops high in the hills in those regions where it is found, making the tracts comparatively small and isolated. The following openings were observed :
On Big Cove Run, 1.7 miles southeast of Cove Run Station, at Coal Exposure No. 211 on Map II, it was noted in the public road, with a thickness of 2 to 3 feet, and an elevation of 1645' B. The C. H. Bolyard Farm Mine (No. 212 on Map II), located on a branch of Sandy Creek, 1.6 miles northwest of Colebank, at an elevation of B., was reported to have measured 3 feet of coal. The William Thompson Farm Mine (No. 213 on Map II), located on a branch of Raccoon Creek, 0.5 mile southeast of Danville, measured 3' 0" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1655' B. The following is another opening in the same region :
James Wilson Farm MineNo. 214 on Map II.
On Raccoon Creek, 1 mile east of Danville; Elk Lick Coal; eleva* ation, 1675' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, bony 1' 0"
Coal, soft, columnar 2 7 3 7
Slate, pavement
Another opening farther east, and near the line where the coal disappears above the hills on the eastward rise of the rocks, shows the following :
Newton McDaniel Farm Mine — No. 215 on Map II.
On Raccoon Creek, 1 mile south of Colebank; Elk Lick Coal; elevation, 1800' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark
Coal 2 8
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 215 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Other openings farther south show the following:
Elza Howdershalt Farm Mine — No. 216 on Map II.
On Brushy Fork of Teter Creek, 0.6 mile north of Valley Furnace; Elk Lick Coai; elevation, 1700' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy 8 0
Slate, black 1 0
Coal 2' 8"
Slate, dark 0 1
Coal 0 10 3 7
Slate, pavement
Scott Phillips Farm Mine— No. 217 on Map II.
On Mill Run of Teter Creek, 1.5 miles east of Nestorville; Elk Lick Coal; elevation, 1740' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Morgantown
Concealed 5 0
Slate, black cannel 2 0
Coal 2' 7 "
Slate, soft 0 Oi
Coal 0 6/i 3 2
Slate, pavement
Elk Lick Coal, Glade and Barker Districts, Barbour.
In Glade District there are only a few isolated areas of the Elk Lick Coal, as the hills along the basin are usually too low to hold it. No openings were observed, probably because the Bakerstown Coal is everywhere accessible near drainage in this region and furnishes a better grade of fuel.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 483
In Barker District, the coal occupies much the same position as in Glade, but a few openings have been made in the region north of Belington. At Coal Exposure No. 218 on Map II, located on the divide between the waters of Wolf Run and Tygart Valley River, the coal crops in the public road, at an elevation of 193CK B., and with a thickness of 1 to 2 feet. The T. Benton Teter Farm Mine (No. 219 on Map II), located on Wolf Run, 1.8 miles north of Belington, had fallen shut when examined, but the coal was reported 2 to 3 feet, the elevation being 1900' B.
Lake Cross Farm Mine — No. 220 on Map II.
On the left branch of Wolf Run, 1.9 miles northeast of Belington; Eik Lick Coai; elevation, 1890' B.
Pt. In.
Shale, sandy
Coal r 1"
Slate, black 0 1
Coal 2 6 S 8
Slate, pavement.
Elk Lick CoaU Varren District Upshur.
In eastern Warren District, the Elk Lick Coal attains a much greater development than in any other region of the two counties. Here it has a thickness of 4 to 6 feet and has been mined commercially. It has sometimes been mistaken for the Pittsburgh seam which belongs about 250 feet higher in the stratigraphic column and would therefore be above the hilltops in the region in which this thick deposit of Elk Lick Coal is found. Several openings have been made along the waters of Pecks Run, reported as follows by Teets:
Thomas Post Farm Mine — No. 221 on Map IV.
On a branch of Pecks Run, 1 mile southeast of Teter; Elk Lick Coal; elevation, 1580' B.
Ft. In.
Shale and slate, roof
Coal, medium-hard 1' 3"
Coal, block 2 1
Coal, very hard 1 0
Coal, hard 0 11 5 3
Fire clay, pavement
John Cool Farm Mine — No. 222 on Map IV.
On a branch of Pecks Run, 0.9 mile south of Teter; Eik Lick Coal; elevation, 1520' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy, roof
Coal, medium-hard 1' 3"
Coal, block 2 0
Coal, very hard 3 0
Coal, hard 1 0 5 3
Fire clay, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 222 in the table of coal analyses at the. end of this Chapter.
Icy Post Farm Mine — No. 223 on Map IV.
On a branch of Pecks Run, 0.4 mile southeast of Teter; Elk Lick Coal; elevation, 1510' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, roof, slaty, not good
Coal, hard 1' 0"
Coal, block 2 2
Bone 0 4
Coal, hard 1 8 5 2
Fire clay, pavement
The coal has been mined commercially at Teter Station, but for some time the mine has been closed, making it impossible to secure a section and sample at the working face. The following section, made by Ray V. Hennen near the outcrop when the mine was being opened, has been previously published in Volume page 631, of the Survey:
Newcomer Coal Company Mine — No. 224 on Map IV.
On Pecks Run at Teter Station; Elk Lick Coal; elevation, 1425' B.
Ft. In.
2. Coal, hard, splinty 1' 9 "
6. Coal, hard, splinty 2 2i 6 8%
West Virginia Geological Survey. 485
"Butts, east and west; faces, north and south; greatest rise, southeast; mine capacity, 300 tons; authority for mine data, R. H. Parker. Secretary and Treasurer."
No sample was collected at the time of Mr. Hennen's visit because nothing but crop coal was available. It seems probable that the coal characterized as "splinty" should more properly have been termed "bony" instead, as the seam is usually bony and high in ash. Since field work was completed in this locality, the above mine has been reopened under the name of Pleasant Valley Coal Mining Company, according to Earl A. Henry, Chief of the West Virginia Department of Mines.
At the L. D. Hinkle Farm Mine (No. 225 on Map IV), located on a branch of Pecks Run, 0.9 mile east of Pecks Run Station, the coal was once mined by stripping from the bed of the run, according to Teets, the elevation of the coal being B.
The coal was noted by Teets at several points along the Buckhannon River, near the Union District Line. At Coal Exposure No. 226 on Map IV, located along the ridge near the river, 1.3 miles northeast of Fishingcamp Station, the coal had a thickness of 5' 0" in the public road, the elevation being 1560' B. At Coal Exposure No. 227 on Map IV, on Big Run, 0.7 mile northeast of Fishingcamp Station, the coal was 6' 2" thick, as measured in the public road, and had an elevation of 1515' B. At Coal Exposure No. 228 on Map IV, on Big Run, 0.7 mile northeast of Fishingcamp Station, the seam measured 4' 10", in the county road, the elevation being 1500' B. The Abe Post Farm Mine (No. 229 on Map IV), located on Big Run, 1.1 miles southeast of Pecks Run Station, at an elevatio of 1500 B., had fallen shut at the time of Teets' visit and could not be measured. The following opening is along the same run:
G. W. Hinkle Farm Mine— No. 230 on Map IV.
On Big Run, 0.5 mile northeast of Fishingcamp Station; Elk Lick Coal; eleyatlon, 1485' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, roof
Coal 0' 6"
Coal, slaty 0 4
Coal, good 2 9 3 7
Fire clay, pavement
At Coal Exposure No. 231 on Map IV, in the public road, 0.3 mile northeast of Fishingcamp Station, on a branch of Buckhannon River, the coal measured 4' (K' thick, at an elevation of 1508' L. The Dr. Cooper Rusmisell Farm Mine (No. 232 on Map IV), located on a branch, 0.2 mile southeast of Fishingcamp Station, at an elevation of 1505' B., had fallen shut at the time it was visited by Teets, and could not be measured. The following measurement was made in a railroad cut along the same branch :
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Coal ExposureNo. 233 on
Map IV.
On a branch of Buckhannon River, 0.3 mile north of Fishingcamp Station; Elk Lick Coal; elevation, 1450' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy
Coal, hard, bony 1' 7"
Bone 0 2
Coal, hard, bony 1 1
Coal, softer 1 5 4 3
Shale, gray 10 0
Limestone, shaly. Elk Lick 1 0
Shale, gray, to grade 2 0
Buckhannon River, 0.2 mile northeast of Post Mill, the coal had once been opened at an elevation of 1470' B., but the mine had fallen shut at the time of the writer's visit At Coal Exposure No. 235 on Map IV, on the Buckhannon River, 0.3 mile north of Post Mill, the coal is reported by Teets in the public road at an elevation of 1420 B., and with a thickness of 2' 3". At the Webster Dix Water Well (Coal Locality No. 236 on Map IV), on the Buckhannon River, 1.3 miles north-
West Virginia Geological Survey. 487
west of Post Mill, the coal is reported to have been found at a depth of 50 feet in the well and with a thickness of 2 to 3 feet, making the elevation of the seam ISSC B., according to Teets.
Elk Lick CoaU Buckhannon District Upshur
In Buckhannon District, a few openings have been made in the Elk Lick Coal, but they do not show as good a thickness as those noted for Warren. The quality of the coal is much the same, being of only medium grade. The William Post Farm Mine (No. 237 on Map IV), located on the Buckhannon River, just west of the Heavner Cemetery, and 0.8 mile northeast of Buckhannon, had fallen shut when it was visited by Teets, and could not be measured, the elevation being 1455' B. The coal was once opened at Exposure No. 238 on Map IV, on Academy Hill, at the south edge of Buckhannon, at an elevation of 1525' B., but apparently not much coal was found.
Several openings have been made along the western edge of the District next to the Lewis County Line, on the waters of Stonecoal Creek and other streams. The Marcellus Reger Farm Mine (No. 239 on Map IV), on Spruce Fork, 0.5 mile southwest of Atlas, had fallen shut when the place vvas visited, ilie elevation of the coal being 1320' B. At Coal Exposure No. 240 on Mip IV, on Glade Fork, 1.2 miles south of Atlas, the coal is visible in the public road at an elevation of 1445' B., and with a thickness of 1' 6", being about 4 feet below the Orlando Limestone. The John Smith Farm Mine (No. 241 on Map IV), on Brushlick Run, 1.9 miles northeast of Abbott, had fallen shut when it was examined, but at a near-by outcrop, the coal measured 2' 0", at an elevation of 1405' B., being 40 feet by hand-level above the Harlem Coal.
The Luther Smith Farm Mine (No. 242 on Map IV), located on Pigeonroost Run of Stonecoal Creek, 2.1 miles northwest of Abbott, measured 2' 6" of coal, at an elevation cf 1400' B. At Coal Exposure No. 243 on Map IV, located on the divide between Glade Fork and Cutright Run, 1.3 miles, northwest of Hinkleville, the coal showed a thickness of about 1 foot, at an elevation of 1640' L.
Elk Lick Coalf Union District Upshur.
In Union District, a large amount of Elk Lick Coal has been mined in the region east of Buckhannon and wagoned into town for steam and domestic use, the following openings being noted:
J. W. Heavner Farm Mine — No. 244 on Map IV.
On Buckhannon River, 1 mile northeast of Buckhannon; Elk Lick Coai; elevation, 1515' B.
Ft. In.
2. Coai, slaty 0' 2"
A sample was collected from No. 4 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No, 244 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. This mine has furnished a large amount of fuel for the town of Buckhannon, being now operated by J. Bennett.
At the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Coal Exposure (No. 245 on Map IV), in the Leonard cut along the Buckhannon River, 1.3 miles northeast of Buckhannon, the coal varies from 1 to 3 feet, coming just below the Orlando Limestone, and having an elevation of 1445' B. The R. A. Reger Farm Mine (No. 246 on Map IV), located on the Buckhannon River alon the Parkersburg and Staunton Turnpike, 1 mile east of Buckhannon, had fallen shut when it was visited and could not be measured, the elevation being B. A large amount of coal was formerly hauled into town from this mine. The coal was once opened at Farm Mine No. 247 on Map IV, located on a branch of Buckhannon River, 1.6 miles east of Buckhannon, at an elevation of 1560' B. According to Teets, the following mine supplies the public schools and college at Buckhannon, requiring an output of 30,000 to 40,000 bushels a year :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 489
Martin Harper Farm Mine — No. 248 on Map IV.
On a branch of Buckhannon River, 0.8 mile northwest of Reger; Elk Lick Coal; butts, S. 85 W.; elevaUon, 1575' B.
Pt. In.
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 248 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Another opening in the same vicinity shows the following, according to Teets:
Harper Brothers Farm Mine— No. 249 on Map IV.
On a branch of Buckhannon River, 1 mile northwest of Reger; Elk Lick Coal; elevation, 1543' L.
Ft. In.
Slate, roof
Coal, impure 0' 5"
Coal, hard 1 11
Slate, gray 0 3
Coal, bony 0 5
Coal, softer 1 0
Coal, hard. 0 10 4 10
Slate, pavement
located on Childers Run, 1.3 miles northeast of Reger, at an elevation of B., had fallen shut when visited by Teets and could not be measured.
Quantity of Elk Lick Coal Available.
The following table shows the probable amount of Elk Lick Coal available in those Districts where it is found in possible minable thickness, the acreage being measured by planimeter by Teets in those regions where the crop of the coal is indicated on Maps II and IV, and including a westward probable extension under drainage as far as indicated on Figure 6:
Coal.
Probable Amount of Elk Lick Coal.
Counties by Districts.
Barbour:
Cove
Glade
Barker
Totals
Upshur:
Warren
Buckhannon . . .
Union
Meade
Banks
Totals ,
Totals for Area
Coal
eel.
Qo
o
d §
M P
Sq
o
a
w
Co
S
I 42.05 I 26,912 3,111,229.440 1 124,449,177
Baker8T0Wn Coal.
The Bakerstown Coal, discussed previously in Chapter VI, page 229, and shown by outcrop lines on Map II in those regions where it is of possible minable value, occurs in considerable quantity along the Belington Syncline in eastern Barbour. In that region it varies from 2 to 3 feet in thickness, is usually free from slate partings, but frequently has bony coal in the top of the seam. It has been mined extensively, often by stripping, for domestic use, a purpose for which it is well adapted. West of the Tygart Valley River, the coal does not seem to be of minable value except in the extreme eastern end of Pleasant District where it has been opened at a few points. Elsewhere along its crop it is thin and slaty or absent entirely, and the oil and gas tests where it lies under drainage do not record it in valuable thicknes:>.
In Upshur County, only a few openings have been made in this coal, nearly all of which have shown it to be too thin or slaty to be of economic value. Its blossom is frequently found but usually shows only a small amount of coal.
In Randolph the horizon of the Bakerstown is above the hilltops. Figure 7 shows its probable areal extent as a minable seam.
4.Q2 Coal.
Bakerstown Coal Pleasant District, Barbour.
In the eastern end of Pleasant District, several openings in the Bakerstown are reported by Teets in the region bordering along the Tygart Valley River, the seam being of fair thickness, but usually much damaged by slate partings, as the following will show :
Thomas Mitchell Farm Mine— No. 275 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.6 mile southwest of Moatsville; Bakerstown Coal; elevation, 1675' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal 0' 11"
Slate 0 5
Coal 2 7 3 11
Slate, pavement
Joseph Mitchell Farm Mine — No. 276 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 1.4 miles southwest of Moatsville; Bakerstown Coal; elevation, 1715' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal ; 0' 6"
Slate 0 2
Coal 0 2
Slate 0 5
Coal 2 6 3 9
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 276 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Ira Shaffer Farm Mine (No. 277 on Map 11) located en a branch of Tygart Valley River, 1.4 miles west of Moatsville, at an elevation of 1705' B., had fallen shut at the time of Teets' visit, but a thickness of 4 feet was reported. The coal was once mined at the Allen Duckworth Farm Mine (No. 278 on Map II), on Rockcamp Run, 0.7 mile southwest of Clemtown, at an elevation of 1645' B., but the opening was abandoned because the seam proved to be too irregular for mining. The N. S. Haddix Farm Mine (No. 279 on Map II), on Rock-
West Virginia Geological Survey. 493
camp Run, 1.5 miles southwest of Clemtown, now fallen shut, is reported' to have shown an irregular thickness of Ij/ to 3 feet of coal, at an elevation of 1575' B.
Bakerstown CoaU Elk Unions and Philippi
Districts Barbour.
In Elk and Union Districts, the Bakerstown Coal crops over an extensive area west of the Tygart Valley River, but is represented usually only by a blossom. In Philippi District, it was noted at numerous points but seems too thin for mining in that portion west of the river. It is reported by Teets at Coal Exposure No. 280 on Map II, on a branch of Hackers Creek, 1.3 miles northwest of Philippi, with a thickness of r 4" and an elevation of lASff B., being visible in the public road. The following exposure was noted in the public road, farther south :
Coal Exposure — No. 281 on Map II.
On the ridge west of the Tygart Valley River, 0.6 mile southwest of Mansfield; Bakerstown Coal; elevation, 1565' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy, dark 10 0
Coal : 0' 4"
Slate 0 1
Coal 1 2 1 7
Fire clay shale ,
East of the Tygart Valley River, the coal was noted at Exposure No. 282 on Map II, in the public road along the ridge west of Olive Hill Schoolhouse, 2.7 miles east of Philippi, being 2 to 3 feet thick, and having an elevation ol B.
Bakerstown Coalj Cove District Barbour.
In Cove District, the Bakerstown Coal has been frequently mined for local use, and has a thickness sufficient to make it a valuable fuel resource, as the following openings will show:
Coal.
The S. C. Moats Farm Mine (No. 283 on Map II), located near the head of a small branch of Tygart Valley River, 1.7 miles southwest of Moatsville Station, had fallen shut when visited, but the coal was reported 3 feet thick, its elevation being 1785' B.
Several openings have been made along Little Cove Run. Coal Opening No. 284 on Map II, located 1.3 miles south of Claude, at an elevation of 146CK B., had fallen shut. The following shows the section of the coal at another point :
Farm Mine — No. 285 on Map II.
On Ldttle Cove Run, 1.9 miles south of Claude; Bakerttown Coal; elevation, 1460' B.
Pt In.
Sandstone, massive
Shale, sandy 5 0
Coal, bony 0' 6"
Coal, soft 2 3 2 9
Slate, pavement
John Shroyer Farm Mine — No. 286 on Map II.
On Liittle Cove Run, 1.8 miles northeast of Cove Run Station; Bakerstown Coal; butts, N. 85° W.; elevation, 1483' L.
Ft. In.
2. Coal, bony 1' 6 "
A sample was collected from the cannel bench. No. 3, and another from the lower bench. No. 5 of section, the analyses of which are published under Mine No. 286 in the table at the end of this Chapter. The presence of cannel in the seam was not noted elsewhere in the District, and seems to be only a pocket in this particular locality. The D. M. Carl Farm Mine (No. 287 on Map II), located on Little Cove Run, 2 miles east of Cove Run Station, had fallen shut, but was reported as 4 feet thick, the elevation being 1485' B,
West Virginia Geological Survey. 495
Some openings have been made along Oldroad Run Coal Opening No. 288 on Map II, located 1.1 miles south of Dent, had an apparent thickness of 2 to 3 feet, but the hole was full of water and could not be accurately measured, the tidal elevation being B. Coal Opening No. 289 on Map II, located 1.9 miles south of Dent, had fallen shut and could not be measured, its elevation being B.
The Wellington Shroyer Farm Mine (No. 290 on Map II), oil Raccoon Creek at Danville, had partly fallen shut but was reported to hve been 4j/ feet thick with a slate parting near the middle, its elevation being 1485' B. Coal Opening No. 291 on Map II, on Mill Run of Teter Creek, 1.5 miles southeast of Nestorville, had fallen shut and could not be measured, its elevation being 1625' B.
Bakerstawn Coal Glade District Barbour.
In Glade District, the Bakerstown Coal has much the same thickness and character as in Cove, beiiig frequently mined by stripping for domestic fuel, the following o;enings having been noted :
At Coal Exposure No. 292 on Map II, located near the head of Glade Creek, 0.7 mile northeast of Tacy, the coal is visible in the public road with a thickness of 1 to 2 feet at crop, and an elevation of 1615' B. The Harry Stalnaker Farm Mine (No. 293 on Map II), located on a branch of Glady Creek, 0.9 mile west of Kalamazoo, measured 2' 5" of mediumhard coal, at an elevation of 1705' L. At Farm Mine No. 294 6n Map II, located on a branch of Glady Creek, 0.3 mile west of Kalamazoo, the coal was mined by stripping, 2' 0" of coal being visible above the water which filled the bottom of the hole, the elevation being 1670' B. Another stripping, typical of the coal in this region, showed the following:
D. T. Elliott Farm Miiie— No. 295 on Map II.
On a branch of Glady Creek, 0.5 mile south of Kalamazoo; Bakerstown Coal; elevation, 1665' B.
Ft. In.
Soil and sandy shale 8 0
Shale, dark 4 0
Coal.
Slate, bony
Coal
Slate, pavement.
Ft.
In.
Another stripping shows the following :
Coal Stripping — No. 296 on Map II.
On a branch of Glady Creek, 1 mile southeast of Kalamazoo; Bakerttown Coal; elevation, 1630' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy, dark 3 0
Coal, bony 6' 11"
Soal, good 3 1 4 0
Slate, pavement,
Coal Stripping No. 297 on Map II located on Glady Creek, 0.9 mile northeast of Meadowville, was partly fallen shut bur showed a thickness of 2 feet, the elevation being 1690' B.
The coal has been mined at several points on Sugar Creek. At Coal Stripping No. 298 on Map II, located on a branch 1.5 miles southeast of Vannoys Mill, the opening had fallen shut, but the coal had been mined extensively, its elevation being 177S' B. The Ida J. Poling Farm Mine (No. 299 on Map II), on a branch, 1.6 miles west of Meadowville, showed 3' 7" of coal, being mined by stripping, at an elevation of 1725' B.
Lorenzo Gainer Farm Mine — No. 300 on Map II.
On a branch of Sugar Creek, 1.5 miles northwest of Flora; Bakerstown Coal; elevation, 1696' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, Bandy 8 0
Coal, bony 0' 3"
Coal, good 3 0 3 3
Slate, pavement
Samuel Moran Farm Mine— No. 301 on Map II.
On Sugar Creek, 0.8 mUe southeast of Flora; Bakerstown Coal; elevation, 1680' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy
Coal, bony 1' 6"
Coal, good 2 10 4 4
Slate, pavement.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 497
Bakerstown Coal Barker District Barbour.
In Barker District, the Bakerstown Coal has much the same thickness and character as in Cove and Glade, being the chief source of fuel for the farming region north of Belington. Several openings have been made on Bills Creek, as the following will show :
Ridgeway and McClain Farm Mine — No. 302 on Map II.
On Bills Creek, 1.7 miles southwest of Flora; Bakerstown Coal; elevation, 1800' B.
Ft. in.
Sandstone, shaly 5 0
Shale, dark 1 0
Coal, bony 0' 6"
Coal, good ..2 4 2 10
Slate, pavement
The William Ridgeway Farm Mine (No. 303 on Map IT).
located 1.8 miles southwest of Flora, was half full of mud but there was an apparent thickness of 2 to 3 feet of coal, its elevation being 1805' B. At the following opening the coal is mined by stripping:
William J. Koontz Farm Mine — No. 304 on Map II.
On the head of Bills Creek, 1.6 miles west of Hufbnan; Bakerstown Coal; elevation, 1765' B.
Ft In.
2. Coal, bony 1' 1"
A sample was collected from No. 3 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 304 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. At the W. L. Harris Farm Mine (No. 305 on Map II), located on the head of the creek, 1.8 miles northwest of McLean, at an elevation of 1855' B., the opening was just being started and had not reached the full thickness of the bed, but showed 2 feet of coal.
Several openings have been made on the waters of Sugar Creek, the following being noted :
A. D. Smith Farm Mine — No. 306 on Map II.
On Sugar Creek, 1.5 miles northwest of Flora; Bakerttown Coal; elevation, 1770' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy 3 0
Slate, black 5 0
Coal, bony 0' 4"
Coal, good 2 10 3 2
Slate, pavement,
The above opening shows the usual character of the soft shales that overlie the coal in this region, making it easy to strip.
George L. Coonts Farm Mine — No. 307 on Map II.
On Sugar Creek, 0.4 mile north of Huffman; Bakerstown Coal; elevation, 1666' B.
Sandstone, shaly
Shale, dark 1 0
Coal, bony 0' 10"
Coal, good 2 4 3 2
Slate, pavement
Howard Wilson Farm Mine — No. 308 on Map II.
On Wolf Run, 0.7 mile south of Huffman; Bakerstown Coal; elevation, 1700' B.
Pt. In.
Shale, sandy
Coal, bony 0' 6"
Coal, good 2 4 2 10
Slate, pavement
The coal was once mined at the James Ramsey Stripping (No. 309 on Map II), on Wolf Run, 0.8 mile southwest of Huffman, at an elevation of B., but the place had fallen shut and could not be measured.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 499
William Coonts Farm Mine — No. 310 on Map II.
On Wolf Run, 0.9 mile southwest of Huffman; Bakerstown Coal; elevation, 1690' B.
Pt. In.
Shale, sandy
Coal, bony 0' 8"
Coal, good 2 7 3 3
Slate, pavement
The Henry Harris Farm Mine (No. 311 on Map II), located on a branch of Tygart Valley River, 1 mile northwest of McLean, showed 2' 2" of coal, according to Teets, at an elevation of 1855' B.
The following opening is located near the point where the Belington Syncline crosses Tygart Valley River :
Albert Rohrbough Farm Mine — No. 312 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, at the northwest edge of Belington; Bakerstown Coal; elevation, 1755' B.
Pt. In.
Shale, sandy, with Iron ore 10 0
Coal 0' 6"
Slate, black 0 2
Coal 2 4 3 0
Slate, pavement
The coal was once opened at the east edge of Belington at the Jackson Coontz Farm Mine (No. 313 on Map II), at an elevation of B., but the place had fallen shut and could not be measured.
Bakerstown CoaU Valley District Barbour,
In Valley District, only a small acreage is covered by the Bakerstown horizon, and as no openings were noted it is doubtful whether the coal is of value. At Coal Exposure No. 314 on Map II, at the west edge of Belington, the coal has a thickness of V 3" in the public road, according to Teets, at an elevation of B.
Bakerstonm Coal Warren District Upshur.
Along the eastern edge of Warren District, the crop of the Bakerstown Coal may frequently be found, but it seems everywhere too thin for mining. At Coal Exposure No. 315 on Map IV, on the Buckhannon River, 1.6 miles southeast of Pecks Run Station, the coal is visible in an old road, according to Teets, being V 4" thick, at an elevation of 1465' B. At Coal Exposure No. 316 on Map IV, located along the Buckhannon River, 1.5 miles northwest of Hinkle, the coal is also reported by Teets, at an elevation of B., and with a thickness of V 2".
Bakerstown CoaU Buckhannon District Upshur.
In Buckhannon District, the Bakerstown Coal shows the same scanty development as in Warren. In the western edge next to Lewis County, there are a few exposures of this coal along Spruce Fork of Stonecoal Creek. Coal Exposure No. 317 on Map IV, located 1.2 miles southwest of Atlas, showed 1 foot of slaty coal, at an elevation of B. Coal Exposure No. 318 on Map IV, located 1.3 miles southwest of Atlas, showed 1 foot of slaty coal,' at an elevation of B. Coal Exposure No. 319 on Map IV, located at the mouth of Bear Run, 1.4 miles southwest of Atlas, showed 1 foot of slaty coal, at an elevation of 1 165' L. Coal Exposure No. 320 on Map IV, located 1.8 miles southwest of Atlas, showed about 2 feet of slaty coal, at an elevation of 1165' B.
Bakerstown CoaU Union District, Upshur.
In Union District, the Bakerstown horizon crops over a considerable area east of Buckhannon, but no merchantable coal is found. The following showing was noted by Teets along a county road :
#
Wkst Virginia Geological Survey. $01
Coal Exposure — No. 321 on Map IV.
On Childers Ran, 1.3 miles northeast of Reger; Bakerstown Coal; elevation, 1705' B.
St. in.
Shale
Coal 0' 2"
Shale 0 6
Coal 0 8 1 4
Fire clay
Bakerstown CoaU Meade District Upshur.
In Meade District, the Bakerstown horizon crops over a wide area but appears to show no coal of minable thickness, although its blossom is often found. At the Samuel Swecker Coal Exposure (No. 322 on Map IV), on Beaver Run of Slab Camp of French Creek, 1.6 miles northwest of French Creek village, the coal was once stripped for domestic use, at an elevation of 1455' B., being reported (Y 8" thick, and of good quality.
Bakerstown Coal, Banks District, Upshur.
In northern Banks District, the Bakerstown Coal horizon crops over an extensive area but usually shows only a thiii blossom, being always too thin, so far as known, for successful use. At Coal Exposure No. 323 on Map IV, on a branch of West Fork River, 1.1 miles north of Rock Cave, the blossom of the coal is visible in the public road with an apparent thickness of about 2 feet and an elevation of 1640' B. At Coal Exposure No. 324 on Map IV, on Whites Camp, 0.5 mile southeast of Boyd, the seam is 1 foot thick in the public road, having an elevation of 1640' B. An opening was once made at Coal Prospect No. 325 on Map IV, on Whites Camp, 1.1 miles southwest of Rock Cave, at an elevation of 1745' B., but apparently little coal was found.
uantity of Bakerstown Coal Available.
In addition to the coal openings described on the preceding pages, the accompanying table shows a list of oil and gas
S02
Coal.
wells that record Bakerstown Coal in the regions where its horizon is under drainage. Another table is added showing the probable amount of Bakerstown Coal available in those portions of Barbour where it has been previously described as being valuable, the acreage being measured by planimeter by Teets where the crop of the coal is shown on Map II. None is computed for the western edge of Barbour or for any part of Upshur, because, as previousl)' stated, the coal is not thought to be of value in these regions :
List of Oil and Gas Wells Recording Bakerstown Coal.
§
o
2;
Name of Well.
Location.
Elevation of Well Mouth. A. T.
Depth to Coal. Feet.
Thickness. Feet
I Upshur County:
E. W. Post No. 1 Johnstown, 0.5 mi. S. .
John Foster No. 1 Aberdeen, 0.6 mi. E. . .
Isaac S. Reger No. 1. .Ruraldale, 2.1 mi. W. . J. E. Green No. 1. . . Buckhannon, 2 ml. W. Louvina Linger No. 1 Abbott, 1.6 mi. N. E..
John Smith No. 1 Atlas, 2.6 mi. S. W. . .
James Duncan No. I.Abbott, 1.4 mi. N. W.
1065B 1076B 1445B 1380B 1366B 1366B
Probable Amount of Bakerstown Coal.
Barbour: Pleasant Cove . . Glade .. Barker .
'
Os
o a
Counties by
sl
Districts.
fe o
H o
U
Totals 1 60.10 I 32,064
West Virginia Geological Survey. 5O3
Minable Coals Of The Allegheny Series.
Upper Freeport Coal.
The Upper Freeport Coal, previously discussed in Chapter VII, pages 242-243, and shown by outcrop lines on Maps II and IV in those regions where it is of possible minable thickness, occurs in considerable quantity in eastern Barbour and in central Upshur. In Randolph, its horizon is exposed over a small acreage in some of the hilltops in the northwestern corner, but as no coal was observed the seam is not considered to be of value in that region. In eastern Barbour, the coal varies in thickness from 2 to 6 feet, the seam usually having one or two slate partings, and being somewhat variable and patchy in its occurrence. In central Upshur, its thickness varies from 2 to 6 feet and it is being mined commercially. In both counties it has furnished a large amount of domestic fuel. Figure 8 shows its probable areal extent as a minable seam.
'5
s
West Virginia Geological Survey. 505
Upper Freeport Coal Pleasant District Barbour.
In Pleasant District, the Upper Freeport Coal crops along the extreme eastern edge near the Tygart Valley River, but does not appear to be well developed. It is reported by Ray V. Hennen at Farm Mine No. 347 on Map II, located on Lick Run, 1.3 miles southeast of Cecil, at an elevation of 1415' B., but the place had fallen shut and could not be measured. The following mine was observed by Teets in the same locality, but the exact location of the opening is not indicated on his field map :
G. B. Duckworth Farm Mine.
On the Tygart Valley River front, 1 mile southeast of the mouth of Lick Run; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1536' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal 3' 1 "
Slate 0 0%
Coal 0 8% 3 10
Slate, pavement
Upper Freeport Coal, Union District Barbour.
In Union District, the Upper Freeport Coal has been opened at several points just west of the Tygart Valley River and was once mined commercially on a small scale by shaft. Such openings as are available show it to be thin and slaty. East of the river, it was not observed in minable thickness. Its horizon is exposed at the head of Elk Creek where the following opening is reported by Teets :
Addius Overfield Farm Mine— No. 348 on Map II.
On Elk Creek, 1.3 miles north of Malta; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1275' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, flaggy, Mahoning, visible 13 0
Slate, black 0 1
Coal, soft 1 9
Slate
Coal
The coal was once opened at Coal Prospect No. 349 od ICap II, on a small branch of the Tygart Valley River, 1.5 miles northeast of Volga, at an elevation of 1440' B.. but the place had fallen shut and could not be measured. The B. K. McCoy Farm Mine (No. 350 on Map II), located on the Tygart Valley River, 1.3 miles northeast of Volga, at an elevation of B., showed about 2 feet of coal, being partly concealed mud and water. The following opening had fallen shut but its section was reported to Teets as follows .
C. C. Talbott Farm Mine— No. 351 on Map II.
On Tygart Valley Rirer, 0.8 mile northeast of Volga; Upper Freeport Coal; elevaUon, B.
Pt In.
Slate
Coal 2' 8"
Coal, bony 1 2
Coal 2 0 6 10
Slate, pavement
Since the completion of field work in Barbour, a new opening has been made in the Upper Freeport Coal, located on the Buckhannon River, one-half mile north of Centura' Junction, and 60 feet above river level, according to Mr. J. S. Klinefelter, Manager of the operating company. No measurement of the section is available but a sample submitted by Mr. Klinefelter shows the following analysis :
Klinefelter Mine, Montrose Coal Company (No. 351A on Map II).
Per cent.
Volatile Matter 36.10
Fixed Carbon 48.34
Ash 15.67
Total 100 . 00
Sulphur 5.06
At Coal Exposure No. 352 on Map II, on Big Run, 0.7 mile southeast of Volga, the seam is visible in the railroad cut, being 4' 0" thick and slaty, with an elevation of 1395' B.
West Virginia Geological Survey. C07
The coal was once mined by shaft on a small scale at the following opening, the coal reported as being 18 feet below the surface. This mine has been abandoned for several years but the following information was once secured by Ray Y. Hennen from Mr. E. Thompson, who had charge of the mine, and has been previously published in Volume page 611, of the Survey:
Big Run Coal Company Shaft Mine — No. 353 on Map II.
On Big Run, 0.6 mile southeast of Volga; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation of top of shaft, 1378' B.; base of coal, 1360' B.
Pt In.
4. Coal, medium-hard 3' 0"
A sample was collected by Mr. Hennen from a pile in the boiler house, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 353 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The high sulphur content (4.53) indicates that possibly the sample does not represent the entire bed. Since field work was done in this locality, the above mine has been reopened, according to Earl A. Henry, Chief of the West Vir- g-inia Department of Mines.
The coal is visible at a few points on Pecks Run, near the inouth. At Farm Mine No. 354 on Map II, 0.2 mile west of Hall Station, the coal was once opened at an elevation of 1490' B., but the place had fallen shut and could not be measured.
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Coal Exposure — No. 355 on
Map II.
On Pecks Run, 0.3 mile southeast of Murphy Station; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1400' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, Mahoning 25 0
Coal, soft r 8"
Slate, dark 0 2
eo8 COAL.
Ft. In.
Coal 0' 4"
Slate, dark 0 8
Coal, slaty 1 6 4 3
Shale, gray 2 0
Sandstone, shaly , 2 0
Shale, gray, to grade 5 0
The coal was once opened at the Sally Lance Farm Mine (No. 356 on Map II), located on the Buckhannon River, 0.3 mile west of Hall, at an elevation of B., but the place had fallen shut at the time of Teets' visit and could not be measured. Another opening was once made at the John Fallen Farm Mine (No. 357 on Map II), on the head of Laurel Run of Lick Shoals Run, 0.8 mile northwest of Audra, at an elevation of 1875' B,, but, according to Teets, this mine had also fallen shut and could not be measured.
A few exposures were noted by Teets along the Middle Fork River, not far from the Randolph Line. At Coal Exposure No. 358 on Map II, located in the county road, 0.4 mile northwest of Audra, the seam showed a thickness of about 3 feet, at an elevation of 1940' B. It was noted again at the Elliott Lantz Farm Mine (No. 359 on Map II), located 0.5 mile west of Audra, but this also had fallen shut and could net be measured, the tidal elevation being 1930 B.
Upper Freeport Coal PhiUppi District Barbour.
In Philippi District, the Upper Freeport horizon crops over a considerable area but seldom appears to hold thick enough coal for mining. At Coal Prospect No. 359A on Map II, located on Frost Run of Laurel Creek, 1.6 miles northeast of Meriden, the coal was found to be about 2 feet thick, at iti elevation of 1765' B. It was noted at numerous other points in the region east of Philippi, usually by a blossom less than 1 foot thick.
Upper Freeport Coaly Cove District Barbour.
In Cove District, the Upper Freeport Coal has been mined for local domestic use at numerous points along the flanks
West Virginia Geological Survey. 509
the Belington Syncline. Most of these openings show a thickness of 4 feet or more and the coal is of good quality. The absence of openings or exposures in some neighborhoods indicates that the coal is locally absent or too thin for mining. In the western end of the District, it has been opened and mined along Moats Hollow, as the two following openings will show:
John A. Moats Farm Mine — No. 360 on Map II.
On Moats Hollow of Tygart Valley River,, 1.9 miles southeast of Arden; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1616' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy
Coal 2' 9"
Slate, dark 0 2
Coal 0 9
Slate, bony 0 7
Shale, gray 0 8
Coal, reported 1 6 6 6
Fire clay
Farm Mine — No. 361 on Map II.
On Moats Hollow of Tygart Valley River, 2.5 miles southeast of Arden; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1615' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black
Coal 2' 7"
Coal, bony 0 7 3 2
Fire clay.
located on the Tygart Valley River front, 1.1 miles southwest of Moatsville, at an elevation of 1521' B., had fallen shut, but. according to Mr. England, showed a total thickness of 4 feet, as published in the Moatsville Section, page 106.
Several openings have been made on Teter Creek and its various branches, the following being noted :
CjQ COAL.
Francis Poe Farm Mine — No. 363 on Map II.
On Raccoon Creek of Teter Creek, 1.7 miles southwest of Danville; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1335' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, dark, sandy 5 0
Coal, soft 3' 0"
Slate, dark 0 4
Coal 1 0 4 4
Slate, pavement,
Another opening (No. 364 on Map II), is visible at the mouth of Raccoon Creek, 1.7 miles north of Nestorville, at an elevation of 1370' B., but this had fallen shut and the coal could not be measured.
H. L. Shaffer Farm Mine — No. 365 on Map II.
On Teter Creek, 1.3 miles north of Nestorville; Upper Freeporl Coal; elevation, 1375' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, dark
Coal, soft , 2' 0"
Slate, black, hard 0 3
Coal '. 0 7 2 10
Slate, pavement
Bedford Campbell Farm Mine — No. 366 on Map II.
On Teter Creek, 1.4 miles north of Nestoryille; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1377' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black
Coal, soft r 7 "
Slate black 0 0%
Coal 1 1%
Slate, dark 0 3
Coal 0 10 3 10
Slate, pavement
George Shaffer Farm Mine — No. 367 on Map II.
On a branch of Teter Creek, 1.3 miles northwest of Nestorville; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1430' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy
West Virginia Geological Survey. 5Ii
Coal, soft 2' 9"
Slate, bony 0 2
Coal 0 10 3 9
Slate, pavement ;
Farm Mine — No. 368 on Map II.
On Teter Creek, 0.4 mile north of Ncstoryille; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1415' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, Mahoning 25 0
Coal, visible 1 6
Concealed by mud and water
Several openings liave been made along Brushy Fork, the following being noted :
The Charles Shaw Farm Mine (No. 369 on Map II), located 1 mile northeast of Nestorville, at an elevation of 1460' B., showed 2' 1" of total thickness, as given in detail in the section for Nestorville, page 104.
Albert Miller Farm Mine— No. 370 on Map II.
On Brushy Pork of Teter Creek, 0.9 mile northeast of Valley Fur nace; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1530' B.
Sandstone, massive, Mahoning 25 0
Shale, dark, Uffington 10 0
Coal 0' 6 "
Slate, dark 0 1
Coal 0 6%
Slate, dark 0 0%
Coal 1 2 2 4
Slate, pavement, and concealed to ore digging. . 5 0
A. C. Gainer Farm Mine — No. 371 on Map II.
On Brushy Fork, 1.3 miles east of Valley Furnace; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1670' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black 0 10
Coal r 6 "
Slate, dark, hard 0 1%
Coal 2 5% 4 1
Slate, pavement
c J 2 COAL.
Coal Prospect — No. 372 on Map II.
On Brushy Fork, 1.3 miles northeast of Valley Furnace; Upper
Freeport Coal; elevation, 1600' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, Mahoning 25 0
Concealed 20 0
Slate, dark 2 0
Coal ...r 8"
Slate, black, with shaly sandstone 4 0
Coal 2 0 7 8
Fire clay, Bolivar, flinty, with red Iron ore
nodules, to creek 25 0
Simon Sha£Fer Farm Mine— No. 373 on Map II.
On Brushy Fork, 1.9 miles east of Valley Furnace; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1710' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark
Coal 2' 4"
Slate, dark, hard 0 2
Coal 0 6
Shale, gray, hard 1 4
Coal 0 10 5 2
Slate, pavement
Some good openings liave been made in the immediate vicinity of Nestorville, on the main creek, as the following will show:
Henry Nestor Farm Mine — No. 374 on Map II.
On Teter Creek, at Nestorville; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1425' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, Mahoning
Slate 0 4
Coal, soft, columnar 2' 8"
Slate, dark 0 2
Coal 0 10 8 8
Slate, pavement
The miner at the above opening is authority for the statement that the bottom ply is most favored for smithing purposes.
Is
I!
West Virginia Geological Survey. 513
A. M. Nestor Farm Mine — No. 375 on Map II.
On Teter Creek, at NeBtorville; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1420' B.; buttB, S. 86° W.
Ft. In.
1. Sandstone, massive, Mahoning 25 0
3. Coal, soft 2' 7"
A sample was collected from Nos. 3 and 5 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 375 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The George Stalnaker Farm Mine (No. 376 on Map II), located on Mill Run, 1.4 miles southeast of Valley Furnace, at an elevation of 1665' B., had partly fallen shut, but about 2' 6" of coal was still visible.
Some openings have been made on Glade Run, the following being noted :
Virginia Moats Farm Mine — No. 377 on Map II.
On Glade Run, 0.6 mile southwest of Moatsville village; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1505' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, Mahoning, and slate
Coal, soft 2' 9 "
Slate, dark 0 0%
Coal 0 8% 3 6
Slate, pavement
The coal is visible again at Coal Exposure No. 378 on Map II, in the public road, 2.2 miles west of Nestorville, showing a thickness of about 2 feet, at an elevation of 1710' L.
Upper Freeport CoaU Glade District j Barbour.
In Glade District, several openings have been made ':n the Upper Freeport, the coal showing much the same thickness and character as in Cove. The following were noted along Laurel Creek and its branches :
Asa Bennett Farm Mine — No. 379 on Map II.
On Laurel Creek, 0.5 mile southwest of Tacy; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1650' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, Mahoning
Shale, dark, Uffington
Coal, bony 0' 10"
Coal, soft 2 9
Slate, dark, soft 0 1
Coal 0 8 4 4
Slate, pavement
G. M. Sturm Farm Mine — No. 380 on Map II.
On Laurel Creek, 1.1 miles northwest of Vannoys Mill; Upper Freeport Coal; butts, N. W.; elevation, 1735' B.
Ft. In.
A sample was collected from Nos. 2 and 4 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 380 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
James Bolyard Farm Mine — No. 381 on Map II.
On Laurel Creek, 1.1 miles northeast of Vannoys Mill; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1705' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark 5 0
Coal, soft 2' 9"
Slate, dark 0 1
Coal 1 1
Shale, gray, reported 0 5
Coal, reported 0 6 4 10
W. £. Mouser Farm Mine — No. 382 on Map II.
On Laurel Creek, 0.7 mile north of Vannoys Mill; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1755' 6.
Ft. In
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Mahoning
Slate, dark 1 2
West Virginia Geological Survey. 515
Ft. In.
Coal 2' 11"
Slate, black 0 2
Coal 0 7 3 8
Slate, pavement
The three following openings are located on various branches of Sugar Creek :
Claude Trimble Farm Mine — No. 383 on Map II.
On Sand Run of Sugar Creek, 1.1 miles southwest of Vannoys Mill; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1830' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Mahoning
Shale, dark, Uffington 5 0
Coal 2'
Slate, hard, gray 0 3
' Coal 0 5 3 5
Slate, pavement
Hartman Stemple Farm Mine — No. 384 on Map II.
On a branch of Sugar Creek, 1.7 miles south of Calhoun; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1870' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Mahoning
Concealed and black slate, Uffington 15 0
Coal 2' 8"
Slate, gray 0 2
Coal 0 4 3 2
Slate, pavement
B. M. Stadurman Farm Mine — No. 385 on Map II.
On a branch of Sugar Creek, 1.7 miles north of Calhoun; Upper Freeport Coal; butts, N. W.; elevation, 1865' B.
Ft. In.
1. Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Mahoning
3. Shale, dark, Uffington.. . ; 6 0
A sample was collected from No. 4 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 385 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Coal.
The two following mines are located on the waters Oi Glady Creek:
Coal Mine No. 386 on Map II, located on a branch of Glady Creek, 1.5 miles northeast of Vannoys Mill, was badly concealed by the water and slate, but the coal appeared to be about 3 feet thick, the elevation being B. Farm Mine No. 387 on Map II, located on the head of Glady Creek, 1.2 miles southwest of Kirt, at an elevation of 1895' B., had fallen shut, but there was considerable coal on the dump, indicating that the seam was of workable thickness.
Several openings have been made on the waters of Teter Cireek, the following being noted:
W. H. Stalnaker Farm Mine— No. 388 on Map II.
On Big Run of Teter Creek, 1.2 miles north of Kalamazoo; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1460' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, dark
Coal 1' 4%"
Slate, dark 0 0%
Coal 1 7 3 0
Slate, pavement
Washington Digman Farm Mine— No. 389 on Map II.
On Jimmy Run of Teter Creek, 2.6 miles southeast of Nestorville; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1775' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, Mahoning
Shale, dark, Uffington 5 0
Coal, hard, bony 1' 0"
Coal, medium-hard 1 1 3 1
Slate, pavement
Coal Exposure — No. 390 on Map II.
In the public road, on a branch of Teter Creek, 1.7 miles northeast of Kalamazoo; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1465' L.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy
Coal 0' 2"
Shale, gray 1 0
Coal 0 5 1 7
Fire clay shale, visible 4 0
West Virginia Geological Survey. 517
Coal Prospect No. 391 on Map II located 0.2 mile north of Kirt, at an elevation of B., had fallen shut when visited, but the coal was reported V 6" thick.
Upper Freeport CoaU Barker District Barbour.
In Barker District, the Upper* Freeport Coal has oeeiopened and mined for local use at various points, but it is hardly so well developed as in Glade and Cove.
The coal was noted at several places along Bills Creek. At Coal Exposure No. 392 on Map II, located 1.5 miles southeast of Calhoun, at an elevation of 1740' B., there was a totai of 2' 0" of slaty coal visible in the run. Coal Prospect No. 393 on Map II, located 1.3 miles southeast of Calhoun, at an elevation of 1750 B., had fallen shut and could not be measured. Coal Prospect No. 394 on Map II, located 1.3 miles southeast of Calhoun, at an elevation of 1760' B., had also fallen shut and its thickness was not obtained. The £dgar Crim Farm Mine (No. 395 on Map II), located 1.7 miles southeast of Calhoun, at an elevation of 1695' B., had fallen shut, but the coal was reported 3 to 4 feet thick by William Ridgeway.
One opening was noted on Sugar Creek, as follows :
W. M. Bolton Farm Mine— No. 396 on Map II.
On Sugar Creek, 1.8 miles northwest of Flora; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1605' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark 2 0
Coal 3' 0"
Slate, reported 0 4
Coal, reported 0 6 3 10
Some openings have been made along Mill Creek, east of the Belington Syncline. the following being noted :
5l8 COAL.
J. M. Cross Farm Mine — No. 397 on Map II.
On Mill Creek, 1.6 miles northeast of Belington; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1740' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, Mahoning
Coal 1' 0"
Shale, gray 1 3
Coal 0 7
Slate, gray 0 2
Coal 0 3 3 3
Slate, pavement
located 1.8 miles northeast of Belington, at an elevation of J 735' B., was half full of water when visited, the coal being shaly at the mouth of the mine, but being reported 5' 0" at the face.
F. J. Booth Farm Mine— No. 398A on Map II.
On Mill Creek, 1.3 miles southeast of Belington; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1826' B.
Ft. In.
2. Coal, soft 2' 7"
A sample was collected from Nos. 2 and 4 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 398A in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The coal was once opened at the D. W. Hillyard Farm Mine (No. 399 on Map II), located on a branch of the Tygart Valley River, 1.6 miles southeast of Belington, at an elevation of 1870' B., but the place had fallen shut when visited, the coal being reported S feet thick.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 519
Upper Freeport Coaly Valley District j Barbour.
The Upper Freeport Coal does not seem to be so well developed in Valley District as in the region north of Belington. It was observed at outcrop occasionally, but has been seldom opened for use. The three following are reported by Teets :
Tygart Valley Mineral and Oil Co. Farm (A. P. Lane Opening) — No. 400 on Map II.
On Big Run of Tygart Valley River, 1 mile west of Belington; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1695' L.
PL In.
Slate
Coal, soft 2' 1"
Coal, hard, bony 1 3 3 4
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this coal, the composition oi which is published under Mine No. 400 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. Coal from this mine is hauled to Belington for local use.
W. H. Soden Farm Mine— No. 400A on Map II.
On a branch of Middle Fork River, 0.4 mile southwest of Werner; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 2105' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, bony 0' 2 "
Coal, soft 1 7
Shale, gray 0 6
Coal 0 1
Slate 0 0%
Coal, soft 1 0%
Coal, bony 0 2 ...'. 3 7
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 400A in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. This mine suppHes a considerable domestic trade, the yearly output being about 4000 bushels.
The Riley Taylor Farm Mine (No. 401 on Map 11),. located on the head of McGowan Run of Tygart Valley River.
Coal.
lit an elevation of 2010' B., had fallen shut when visited, the coal being reported 2 feet thick.
Upper Freeport CoaU Buckhannon District Upshur
In Buckhannon District, the Upper Freeport Coal has been mined for local use at several points along the Buckhannon River and tributary streams, being of fair thickness and quality. The Ira Travis Farm Mine (No. 402 on Map IV), located at the mouth of Cutright Run, 0.9 mile north of Hampton, at an elevation of 1430' B., had fallen shut when visited but the coal was reported to be 4 feet thick.
Jacob Ervin Cutright Farm Mine — No. 403 on Map IV.
On Cutright Run, 0.8 mile north of Hampton; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1405' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark
Coal, mediiun-hard 2' 10"
Slate, gray 0 2
Coal, hard 0 7 3 7
Slate, pavement
The Absalom Poling Farm Mine (No. 404 on Map IV), located on Cutright Run, 0.7 mile northwest of Hampton, at an elevation of 1420'* B., had fallen shut when it was visited and the thickness of the coal was not obtained. The F. G. Cutright Farm Mine (No. 405 on Map IV) located on the Buckhannon River, 0.3 mile north of Hampton, had fallen shut when it was examined and the thickness of the coal was not obtained, the tidal elevation being 1450' L. The coal has been opened at several points around Hampton but all of the mines have fallen shut. At the Fred Burner Farm Mine (No. 406 on Map IV), located at the mouth of French Creek, at the south edge of Hampton, the coal has an elevation of 1495' B. At Coal Exposure No. 407 on Map IV, located in the public road on a branch of French Creek, 0.4 mile east of Hinkleville, the coal had once been mined by stripping at an elevation of 1470 B., but the place had fallen shut and could not be measured. At the William Burner Farm Mine (No. 408 on Map IV), located on the Buckhannon River, 0.7 mile southeast of
West Virginia Geological Survey. $21
Hampton, at an elevation of 1525' B., the opening had fallen shut and could not be measured, the thickness of the coal being estimated at 4 to 5 feet from the mines props.
Upper Freeport Coal, Union Districtj Upshur.
The Upper Freeport Coal has been opened for local use at numerous points in Union District, showing a variable thickness of 2 to 4 feet, according to Teets, who examined these mines.
The David Wentz Farm Mine (No. 409 on Map IV), located on Island Run of Buckhannon River, 1.3 miles east of Wentz Ford, showed a thickness of 3' 2", at an elevation of 1785' B.
Several openings have been made along Handy Camp Run of Buckhannon River. The W. S. Moreland Farm Mine (No. 410 on Map IV), located 0.4 mile southeast of Wentz Ford, measured 2' 6" of block coal, at an elevation of 1690' B. The Perry Marteny Farm Mine (No. 411 on Map IV), located 0.6 mile east of Wentz Ford, showed 3' 1" of soft coal, at an elevation of 1745' B. Farm Mine No. 412 on Map IV, located 1.3 miles east of Wentz Ford, at an elevation of 1870' B., had fallen shut and could not be measured.
Enoch Kesling Farm Mine — No. 413 on Map IV.
On Right Branch of Handy Camp, 1.4 miles southeast of Wentz Ford; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1885' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, brown, and pebbly, Mahon.
Ing, visible 8 0
Goal 2' 0"
Slate 0 3
Coal 0 4 2 7
Slate
Several openings have been made on Sand Run. At Coal Opening No. 414 on Map IV, located 0.8 mile southeast Wentz Ford, the coal was once mined by stripping, at an elevation of 1730' B., but the place had fallen shut and the coal could not be measured.
C22 Coal.
Lee Fortney Farm Mine — No. 415 on Map IV.
On Left Fork of Little Laurel Fork of Sand Run, 2.1 miles northeast of Overhlll; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1830' B.
Ft. In. Sandstone, gray, medium-coarse, with bands of
iron oxide, Mahoning, visible 8 0
Shale, gray 0 9
Coal, hard 1' 8"
Coal, soft, visible 0 9 2 0
located on Little Laurel Fork, 1.6 miles northeast of Overhill, at an elevation of 1743' L., had fallen shut, but the coal was reported 3 feet thick. Farm Mine No. 417 on Map IV, located on Little Laurel Fork, 0.9 mile northeast of Overhill, at elevation of 1848' L., had fallen shut and could not be measured. The Martin Dolan Farm Mine (No. 418 on Map IV), located on Sand Run, 1.4 miles north of Overhill, had fallen shut, but the coal was reported 3 feet thick, the elevation being 1700' B. The WiUiam Pifer Farm Mine (No. 419 on Map IV), located on a branch 0.6 mile northwest of Overhill, measured 3' 4" of soft coal, at an elevation of 1670' L. The William Hawkins Prospect (No. 420 on Map IV), located 0.9 mile south of Overhill, at an elevation of 1740' B., had fallen shut and could not be measured.
Some openings have been made along Little Sand Run, at the southern end of the District. The J. T. Foster Prospect (No. 421 on Map IV), located 1.7 miles southeast of Tenerton, at an elevation of 1575' B., had fallen shut an could not be measured. The W. U. Zinn Farm Mine (No. 422 on Map IV), located 1.1 miles northwest of Ivy, at an elevation of 1655' B., had also fallen shut. Some other openings along the same run will be mentioned under Washington District.
The coal is found on the tops of the hills at a few points on the Middle Fork River drainage. The Marshall Bennett Farm Mine (No. 423 on Map IV), located on a branch, 0.6 mile southwest of Swamp Run, showed 2' 3" of coal, at an elevation of 20 B., the entire seam not being visible.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 523
Upper Freeport CoaU Meade District Upshur.
In Meade District, the Upper Freeport Coal is better developed and more valuable than in any other region, of the two counties, often reaching a thickness of more than 6 feet. It is mined commercially on Bull Run of French Creek, where it is a good thick seam.
The coal has been mined at a few points along the Buckhannon River in the Sago region where it lies high in the hills. The foUowirig opening is reported by Teets:
George Burner Heirs Farm Mine — No. 424 on Map IV.
On the Buckhannon River, 0.3 mile northwest of Sago; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1602'* Lr.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal 0' 11"
Slate, gray 0 2
Coal, block ...3 0 4 1
Slate, pavement
At Coal Exposure No. 425 on Map IV, the coal is visible on the Buckhannon River-French Creek divide, 0.6 mile southwest of Sago, having an elevation of 1631' L., the exact thickness not being obtained. At Farm Mine No. 426 on Map IV, located 0.6 mile west of Tenmile, the coal measured 2' 8" thick, at an elevation of 1930 B.
Numerous openings have been made on French Creek and its branches, the following being noted :
George Morgan Farm Mine — No. 427 on Map IV.
On a branch of French Creek, 0.4 mile south of Adrian; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1517' K
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy 5 0
Slate, dark 1 0
Coal, soft 0' 6"
Coal, hard, bony 0 7
Coal, soft 2 8
Shale, gray 0 2
Coal, soft 1 1 . . . . 5 0
Slate, pavement
Ashley Morgan Farm Mine — No. 428 on Map IV.
On a branch of French Creek, 0.5 mile .south of Adrian; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1505' B.
Slate
Coal, soft 0' 4 '
Coal, bony 0 6
Slate, dark, hard 0 1%
Coal, soft 1 2
Ft In.
Slate, pavement.
The coal was once opened at Prospect No. 429 on Map IV, on Bull Run, 0.6 mile 'west of Adrian, at an elevation of B., but the place had fallen shut and could not be measured.
The Buckhannon River Coal and Coke Company has made several openings along a branch on the north side of Bull Run near Adrian, and mines the coal commercially at one of these places. The following sections of the coal were secured :
Buckhannon River Coal & Coke Co. (Old Opening) — No. 430
on Map IV.
On a branch of Bull 0.6 mile northwest of Adrian; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1460' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal 0' 6"
Coal, bony 0 11
Coal 4 1 5 6
Concealed, pavement?,
Buckhannon River Coal & Coke Co. (Air-Course) — No. 431
on Map IV.
On a branch of Bull Run, 0.6 mile northwest of Adrian; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1460' B.
Ft. In.
Coal 0' 6"
Coal, bony 0 11
Coal 3 3
Slate, black 0 1
Coal, hard 0 11 5 8
Concealed
West Virginia Geological Survey. 525
Buckhannon River Coal & Coke Co. Adrian Mine (Main
Ft. In.
2. Coal, gas, hard 0' 7"
"Principal office, Uniontown, Pa.; daily capacity, 600 tons; daily output, 150 tons; 18 miners and 15 laborers employed; electric haulage; coal used for steam and domestic fuel and for coke; butts, N. W.; faces, N. E.; greatest rise, southeast; Wade Corley, Foreman, authority for mine data."
The above section was measured by Ray V. Hennen several years ago and has been previously published in Volume page 612, of the Survey, but the mine data, as they appear above, were revised by the writer in 1915. Mr. Ilennen collected a sample from Nos. 2, 4, and 6 of section, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 432 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. According to Mr. Corley, the coal is mined on No. 6, and Nos. 3 and 5 are rejected in the mine. The company has 36 beehive ovens of which 14 were in use in 191 S, with an output of 28 tons for each 72 hours, after which the ovens are recharged. A sample of 48-hour coke was collected from these ovens by Mr. Hennen, the analysis of which is as follows :
Per cent.
Moisture 0.10
Volatile Matter 0.60
Fixed Carbon 86 .11
Ash 14.19
Total 100.00
Sulphur 1.31
Phosphorus 0.030
One of the earliest openings of this region was made near the present residence of A. D. Page (Farm Mine No. 433 on Map IV), on Grub Hollow, 0.8 mile northeast of French Creek village, at an elevation of 1520' L., but the place has long ago fallen shut. The coal was opened again
56
Coal.
at Farm Min No. 434 on Map IV, on Grub Hollow, 0.5 mile northeast of French Creek village, at an elevation of 1520' L., but the mine had fallen shut and could not be measured. It was also opened at Farm Mine No. 435 on Map IV, on French Creek, 0.2 mile north of French Creek village, at an elevation of 1520 B., but the opening is no longer in use and could not be measured. The following mine is in active operation :
A. D. Page Farm Mine — No. 436 on Map IV.
On French Creek, 1 mile northeast of French Creek village; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1540' B.
Ft. In.
2. Coal, bony 0' 9"
A sample was collected from Nos. 3 and 5 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 436 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Sherman Brady Farm Mine — No. 437 on Map IV.
On French Creek, 0.8 mile east of French Creek village; Upper Freeport Coal; elevation, 1555' B.
Ft. In.
2. Coal, bony 0' 9 "
Coal from the above mine supplies a considerable portion of the village of French Creek. A sample was collected from Nos. 3 and 5 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 437 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Sherman Brady Farm Mine (No. 438 on Map IV), located on French Creek, 0.6 mile east of French Creek vil-
West Virginia Geological Survey. 527
iage, had fallen shut and could not be measured, but furnished a large amount of coal before it was finally abandoned. The Richard P. Young Heirs Farm Mine (No. 439 on Map IV), located between the two branches of Brush Run of French Creek, 0.6 mile south of French Creek, at an elevation of 1605' B., had fallen shut, but was reported 2 feet thick.
Upper Freeport Coal Washington District, Upshur.
In Washington District, the Upper Freeport Coal naa been opened at several points and shows a thickness considerably less than found in Meade District, being usually 2 to 4 feet, according to Teets, who examined this territory.
Some openings have been made along Little Sand Run. The Ova FrctvrcU Heirs Farm Mine (No. 440 on Map IV), located 1.1 miles east of Tenerton, at an elevation of 1440 B., had fallen shut and could not be measured. The Gay Cochran Farm Mine (No. 441 on Map IV), located 1.2 miles east of Tenerton, at an elevation of 1475' B., had also fallen shut and its thickness was not obtained.
Several openings have been made along Hickory Flat Run of Buckhannon River. The Bruce Brohard Farm Mine (No. 442 on Map IV), located l.S miles northeast of Hampton, at an elevation of 1462' L., had fallen shut and could not be measured. The L. L. Westfall Farm Mine (No. 443 on Map IV), located 1.3 miles northeast of Hampton, measured 3' 1" of coal, at an elevation of 1477' L. The L. L. Westfall Farm Mine (No. 444 on Map IV), located 1.4 miles northeast of Hampton, had fallen shut and the thickness of the coal was not obtained. The D. C. Westfall Farm Mine (No. 445 on Map IV), located 1.2 miles east of Hampton, at an elevation of 1555' B., measured 3' 2" of soft coal.
The R. C. Fox Farm Mine (No. 446 on Map IV), located on the Buckhannon River, 0.8 mile southeast of Hampton, showed 2' 4" of coal, at an elevation of 1550' B.
The coal has been opened at several points along Trubie Run of Buckhannon River. The Harmon Wilfong Farm Mine (No. 447 on Map IV), located on a branch, 1.7 miles southeast of Hampton, had fallen shut and could not be measured. The
Coal.
U. G. Tenney Farm Mine (No. 448 on Map IV), located on a branch, 1 mile west of Ivy, at an elevation of 1635' B., had fallen shut, but was reported V 8" thick. Farm Mine No. 449 on Map IV), located on a branch, 0.7 mile southwest of Ivy, at an elevation of 1740' B., had fallen shut and could not be measured.
Several openings have been made along the waters of Sand Run. The Burt Slaughter Farm Mine (No. 450 on Map IV), on a branch, 0.3 mile southwest of Ivy, measurea 3' 3" of coal, at an elevation of 1760 B. The Daniel Pence Farm Mine (No. 451 on Map IV), located on a branch, O.S mile southeast of Ivy, showed 3' 4" of coal, at an elevation of 1795' B. The Clarence Hinkle Farm Mine (No. 452 on Map IV), located on a branch, 0.7 mile southeast of Ivy, measured 3' 3" of soft coal, at an elevation of ISOO' B. The John Richardson Farm Mine (No. 453 on Map IV), located on a branch, 0.8 mile southeast of Ivy, at an elevation of 1815' B., had fallen shut, but was reported to have measured 3 feet of coal. Coal Exposure No. 454 on Map IV, located on the main run, 0.3 mile west of Goodwin, showed the blossom of the coal 2 feet thick, at an elevation of 1820' B.
Quantity of Upper Freeport Coal Available.
In addition to the coal openings described on the preceding pages, the accompanying table shows a list of oil and gas wells that record Upper Freeport Coal in the regions where its horizon is under drainage. Another table is added showing the probable amount of this coal by magisterial districts, the areal extent of which was measured with planimeter by Teets from the surface and underground areas outlined for it on Maps II and IV, and Figure 8.
Ss
West Virginia Geological Survey.
List of Oil and Gas Wells Recording Upper Freeport Coal
ft
of well A. T.
Location.
Oq
ao
Barbour County:
Julia Hall No. 1 ,
Upshur County:
Elk City, 1.5 mi. N. W.
Isaac S. Reger No. 1
Ruraldale, 2.1 mi. W..
J. F. Gould Hrs. No. 1
Abhott, 1.5 mi. N
Louvina Linger No. 1. . .
Abbott, 1.6 mi. N. E. . .
49A
J. J. Green No. 1
Abbott, 1.3 mi. N
John Smith No. 1
AtlaB, 2.5 mi. S. W
James R. White No. 1
Atlas, 1.4 mi. S. W. . . .
L. J. Lewis No. 1
Abbott, 1.6 mi. N. B...
James Duncan No. 1
Abbott, 1.4 mL N. W. .
57A
Smith & Green No. 1
Abbott, 1.3 mi. N
Probable Amount of Upper Freeport Coal.
Counties by Districts.
0?
m S
.4
s
£
Dq
i§&
S3
Ui
Cd
Si
So
Gq
Barbour: Pleasant Union . . Philippi Cove . . , Glade .. Barker . Valley .
Totals
145.95,' 93,408110,443,248,640
Upshur:
Warren . . . Buckhannon
Union
Meade
Washington
Totals . Totals for Area.
c OQ COAL.
Upper Kittanning Coal.
The Upper Kittanning Coal, previously discussed in Chapter VII, page 251, and shown by outcrop lines on Maps II and IV in those portions of the three counties where it is above drainage and of minable thickness, occurs in considerable quantity in most of the region of its outcrop, as well as being frequently found in coal, oil, and gas borings in some of the localities where its horizon is below drainage. In Barbour, it seems best developed along the Tygart Valle River between the Taylor County Line and Tygart Junction. In Upshur, openings were more plentiful in Union than in any other District. In Randolph, its horizon is found only in the northern part of Roaring Creek District where it has been opened at a few places. The coal varies in thickness from 2 to 5 feet, usually having a parting of slate or bone about one foot from the base. It has been mined commercially on a small scale at one point in Barbour and has been frequently used for domestic fuel at many points along its outcrop. Figure 9 shows its probable areal extent as a minable seam.
Coal.
Upper Kittanning Coal Pleasant District Barbour,
In Pleasant District, the Upper Kittanning is above drainage at the eastern end along the Tygart Valley River where it was observed at a few points by Teets, as follows :
Delia Mitchell Farm Mine — No. 474 on Map II.
On Mitchell Run, 0.8 mile northwest of Arden; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1300' B.
Pt. In.
Sandstone
Coal r 1"
Shale, gray 2 2
Coal 0 8
Slate 0 1
Coal 1 9 5 9
Slate, pavement
Mrs. Wolf Farm MinNo. 475 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.4 mile northwest of Felton; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1300' B.
Pt. In.
Sandstone, roof 5 0
Coal 0' 2"
Shale, gray 0 7
Coal, soft 2 1
Shale, gray 0 11
Coal 0 7 4 4
Slate
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 475 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
At the Midland Coal and Coke Company Shaft (No. 476 on Map II), the Upper Kittanning Coal was found to be 5' 8j" thick, with partings, at an elevation of 1265' B., the base of the coal being 48 feet below the surface, as exhibited in the section for Berryburg Junction, page 83.
U pper Kittanning CoaU Union District Barbour
In Union District, a few openings of Upper Kittanning Coal were found by Teets, on the waters of Buckhannon and
West Virginia Geological Survey. 533
Middle Fork Rivers. The Henry Wentz Farm Mine (No. 477 on Map II), located on the Buckhannon River, 1.3 miles southwest of Hall, at an elevation of 1425' B., had fallen shut and could not be measured.
Albert Kiiitz Farm Mine — No. 478 on Map 11.
On Lick Shoals Run of Buckhannon River, 0.9 mile southeast ot Boulder; Uppr Kittanning Coai; elevation, 1640' B.
Pt In.
Slate
Coal, soft r 11"
Slate 0 1
Coai 1 5
Slate 0 2
Coal 0 5 4 0
Slate, pavement
located on Middle Fork River, 0.3 mile northwest of Audra, at an elevation of 1825' B., showed a thickness of 2' 9" clean coal. The Elliott Lantz Farm Mine (No. 480 on Map II), located on Middle Fork River, 0.3 mile west of Audra, measured 2' 1" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1825' B.
Upper Kittanning Coal Philippi District Barbour.
In Philippi District, the Upper Kittanning Coal has been prospected at numerous points and has been mined on a considerable scale for domestic use, and has been loaded for railroad shipment at one or two places.
Several openings have been made along the Tygart Valley River. The L. B. Brydon Prospect (No. 481 on Map II), located 0.5 mile east of Arden, at an elevation of 1400' B., and 70 feet by hand-level above the Lower Kittanning, had fallen shut and could not be measured.
Dalton Moore Farm Mine — No. 482 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 1.4 miles southwest of Arden; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1360' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive
Coal.
Coal 0' 11"
Shade, gray 0 6
Coal 0 7
Slate, bony 0 2
Coal 1 6 3 8
Slate, pavement
Henry Felton Farm Mine — No. 483 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River. 1.3 miles southwest of Arden; Upper Kittannlng Coal; elevation, 1305' B.
Pt. In.
Sandstone massive
Slate, soft 0 3
Coal 0' 7"
Fire clay, soft 0 4
Coal 1 7 2 6
Concealed
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Prospect — No. 484 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.5 mile north of Meriden; Upper Kittannlng Coal; elevation, 1310' B.
Pt. In.
Sandstone, shaly
Slate, black, cannel 0 4
Slate, black 0 6
Coal 2' 2"
Slate, dark, soft 0 1
Coal 1 8 3 11
At the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Coal Exposure (No. 485 on Map II), on the Tygart Valley River, 0.3 mile north of Meriden, the coal is visible in the bluff above the grade, at an elevation of 1325' B., and showing a thickness of about 4 feet.
The coal has been operated commercially on a small scale at Meriden where Teets secured the following data :
L'Ce J. Sandridge Coal Co. Mine (Meriden No. 5) — No. 486 on
Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, at Meriden; Upper Kittannlng Coal; elevation, 1350' B.
Pt. In.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 535
I"
2. Coal, hard 2' 4'
"Principal office, Meriden, W. Va.; coal owned by A. Thompson; daily capacity, 50 tons; 5 men employed; coal shipped East and West for domestic and steam fuel; butts, N. E.; faces, N. 10° W.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2 and 4 of section In No. 2 Right, off Main Heading; Lee J. Sandridge, President, authority for mine data."
The composition of this sample is pubHshed under Mine No. 486 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
At the above mine the Upper Kittanning Coal is only 20 feet, by hand-level, above the base of the Lower Kittanning, separated only by the Johnstown Limestone and a few sandy shales.
The following mine is located in the edge of Philippi and supplies a large amount of steam and domestic fuel for the town:
A. J. Nash Fann Mine— No. 487 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, at the western edge of Philippi, Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1310' B.
ft
A sample was collected from Nos. 3 and 5 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 487 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Another opening in the same vicinity shows the following :
Charles F. Tctcr Heirs Farm Mine— No. 488 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.2 mile southwest of Philippi; Upper Kittanning Coai; elevation, 1320' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, shaly
Slate, black, cannel 0 3
Coai 2' 8 "
Slate, black 0 o
Coai 1 6% 4 3
Slate, pavement
Coal.
The W. T. Ice Farm Mine (No. 489 on Map II), located on the Tygart Valley River, 0.4 mile southwest of Philippi the full section of which is published in connection with tlugeologic section for Philippi, page 97, measured 5' 7", including slate partings. Coal from this mine is hauled into Philippi for local use.
The following opening had fallen shut, the section being reported as follows by John Swick :
John Poling Farm Mine — No. 490 on Map II.
On the Tygart VaUey River, 0.8 mile south of Philippi; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1340' B.
Ft. in.
Slate, black, cannel 0 3
Coal 2' 10"
Slate 0 2
Coal 1 0 4 2
Slate, pavement
The following opening was noted on a creek east of Philippi :
William Boyles Farm Mine — No. 491 on Map II.
On Ford Run, 1.3 miles east of Philippi; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1610' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive
Slate, black, cannelly 0 4
Coal 0' 9"
Slate, dark, soft .0 1
Coal 2 4 3 2
Slate, pavement
The following prospect was partly filled with water, the section being reported by W. S. Brydon, Superintenaent of the coal company that owns it. The prospect is 55 feet by hand-level above the base of the Lower Kittanning Coal :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 537
Grafton Fuel Company Prospect — No. 492 on Map II.
On the Tygart VaUey River, 0.5 mile north of Lailian; Upper Kit tanning Coal; elevation, 1416' L.
Ft In.
Shale, sandy 10 0
Coal 2' 0"
Slate, black, 0' OH" to 0 1
Coal 1 11 4 0
A few openings have been made along Little Laurel Run, reported as follows by Teets:
Frank Daugherty Farm Mine — No. 493 on Map II.
On Little Laurel Run, 1.7 miles east of Lillian; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1635' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, cannel
Coal C 8"
Shale, sandy 0 3
Coal, bony 0 6
Coal, soft 2 0 3 5
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this coal, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 493 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Davis Burner Farm Mine — No. 494 onMap II.
On Little Laurel Run, 1.7 miles east of Lillian; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1635' B.
Ft In.
Slate, black, cannel
Coal 0' 8"
Coal, bony 0 8
Coal, soft 2 1 3 5
Slate, pavement
Virgil Daugherty Farm Mine — No. 495 on Map II.
On Little Laurel Run, 2.2 mUes southeast of Lillian; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1670' B.
Ft In.
Shale, slaty
Coal, soft V 1"
Slate, black, cannel 1 10
Ft. In.
Coal 0' 11"
Shale, gray 0 6
Coal, bony 0 10
Coal 1 7 6 9
Slate, pavement
The coal was noted by Teets at a few points on Big Laurel Run, as follows :
At Coal Exposure No. 496 on Map II, located .in the public road, 0.7 mile northeast of Mt. Liberty, the coal was 1' 8" thick, at an elevation of 1715' B.
D. M. Boylen Farm Mine— No. 497 on Map II.
On Big Laurel Run, 1 mile northeast of Mt. Liberty; Upper Kittarv ning Coal; elevation, 1765' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal 0' 1"
Slate 0 1
Coal 2 0
Slate 0 3
Coal 1 6 3 11
Slate, pavement
Harmon Fisher Farm Mine — No. 498 on Map II.
On Big Laurel Run, 1.4 miles northeast of Mt. Liberty; Upper Kit tanning Coal; elevation, 1766' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone
Slate 0 2
Coal 1 10
Slate, pavement
Upper Kittanning Coalj Cove District Barbour.
In Cove District, a few openings were noted in the Upper Kittanning along Glade Run of Teter Creek, as follows:
West Virginia Geological Survey. 539
L. D. Freeman Farm Mine — No. 499 on Map II.
On Glade Run 0.9 mile south of Moats ville village; Upper KIttaiv ning Coal; elevation, 1480' R
Ft In.
Slate, dark 3 0
Coal 0 3
Slate, dark 2' 0
Coal, soft ,. 2' 2"
Slate, bony 0 2
Coal, bony 1 0 3 4
John Gable Farm Mine — No. 500 on Map II.
On Glade Run, 1.1 miles south of Moats ville village; Upper Kittan- nIng Coal; elevation, 1510' L.
Ft. In.
3. Coal, soft 2' 4"
A sample was collected from Nos. 3 and 5 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 500 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Farm Mine No. 501 on Map II, located on Glade Run, 1.7 miles south of Moatsville village, at an elevation of 1545' B., had fallen shut and could not be measured.
Farm Mine — No. 502 on Map II.
On Glade Run, 2 miles south of Moatsville village; Upper Klttanning Coal; elevation, 1560' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive 5 0
Slate, dark 0 4
Coal 2' 9"
Slate, bony 0 2
Coal 0 10 3 9
Slate, pavement
Upper Kittanning Coaly Glade District Barbour.
In Glade District, only a few openings have been made in the Upper Kittanning as its horizon is under drainage along
Coal.
the Belington Syncline. The G. M. Sturm Prospect (No. 503 on Map II), located on Laurel Creek, 1.1 miles north of Vannoys Mill, had fallen shut, but the coal was reported 2 to 3 feet thick by Mr. Sturm, its elevation being 1610' B. Two openings were noted along Sugar Creek, as follows :
William Cross Farm Mine — No. 504 on Map II.
On Sugar Creekp 2 miles northeast of Huffman; Upper Kittanning Coal; eleyation, 1935' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy
Coal 0' 10"
Slate, gray, hard 0 2
Coal, soft 2 3 , 3 3
Slate, pavement
William Cross Farm Mine — No. 505 on Map II.
On Sugar Creek, 2 miles northeast of Huffman; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1945' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy
Coal r 0"
Shale, gray, hard 0 4
Coal, soft 1 11 3 3
Slate, pavement
Upper Kittanning Coal, Barker District, Barbour.
In Barker District, a few openings have been made in the Upper Kittanning along the eastern flank of the Belington Syncline, as follows :
Laban Cross Farm Mine — No. 506 on Map II.
On Hunter Fbrk of Sugar Creek, 1.2 miles northeast of Huffmlan; Upper Kittanning Coai; elevation, 1650' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive
Shale, dark, with coal streaks at base 7 0
Coal r 0"
Slate, gray, hard 0 2
Coal 1 7 2 9
Slate, pavement, and concealed, to creek 5 0
West Virginia Geological Survey. 54I
Joseph Fishwater Farm Mine — No. 507 on Map II.
On a branch of Hunter Fork of Sugar Creek, 1.9 miles 80uthea3l of Huffman; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2050' B.
Ft, In.
Slate, dark
Coal 0' 10"
Slate, gray, hard 0 4
Coal 2 4 3 6
Slate, pavement.
Farm Mine No. 508 on Map II, located on a branch of Mill Creek, 1.8 miles northeast of Belington, had fallen shut and could not be measured, its elevation being 1775' B.
William Parsons Farm Mine — No. 509 on Map II.
On a branch of Mill Creek, 2 miles northeast of Belington; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1880' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive 10 0
Coal 0' 11"
Slate, black, hard 0 3
Coal 1 10 3 0
Slate, pavement
Upper Kittanning CoaU Union District Upshur.
In Union District, numerous openings have been made in the Upper Kittanning Coal, showing a thickness of 2 to 4 feet. The following mines were noted by Teets in his examination of this region :
The Dayid M. Wentz Farm Mine (No. 510 on Map IV), located on Island Run, 1.2 miles southeast of Hall, at an elevation of 1640' B., showed a thickness of about 2 feet, the roof being a massive sandstone.
A few openings have been made along Handy Camp Run. The two following mines had fallen shut, the sections being reported as follows :
D. G. Harris Farm Mine — No. 511 on Map IV.
On Handy Camp Run, 0.8 mile east of Wentz Ford; Upper Kittarv ning Coal; elevation, 1665' B.
Pt. In.
Sandstone, roof
Coal r 0"
Slate 0 1
Coal 1 9 2 10
Slate
Anthony Booth Farm Mine — No. 512 on Map IV.
On Handy Camp Run, 1.2 miles east of Wentz Ford; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1710' B.
Pt. In.
Sandstone, roof
Coal r 0"
Slate 0 1
Coal 1 10 2 11
Slate, pavement
Several openings have been made along the waters of Sand Run. Coal Exposure No. 513 on Map IV, located on a branch of Little Laurel Fork, 0.9 mile northwest of Vegan, showed 1' 2" of coal in the county road, at an elevation of ISOCKB.
Stephen Hinzman Farm Mine — No. 514 on Map IV.
On a branch of Laurel Fork of Sand Run, at Vegan; Upper Klt tanning Coal; elevation, 1935' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, dark, visible 4 0
Coal 1' 9 "
Slate, gray 0 OV2
Coal 1 101/6 3 8
Slate, pavement
The John Kcsling Farm Mine — No. 515 on Map IV,
located on a branch of Sand Run, 0.7 mile southeast of Hinkle, showed a thickness of 2' 3", the elevation being 166CK B. Farm Mine No. 516 on Map IV, located on Middle Fork ot Laurel Fork, 1.3 miles southeast of Hinkle, at an elevation of 1735' B., showed a thickness of 3' 4", clean coal.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 543
G. Hinkle Farm Mine— No. 517 on Map IV.
On Laurel Fork of Sand Run, 0.6 mile north of Vegan; Upper Kit tanning Coal; elevation, 1920' B.
Pt. In.
Slate
Coal r 7"
Coal, bony 0 6
Coal 1 6 3 7
Slate, pavement
The following opening had fallen shut, its section being reported by residents:
Joshua Lantz Farm Mine — No. 518 on Map IV.
On Laurel Fork of Sand Run, 1.9 miles west of Yokum; Upper KIttanning Coal; elevation, 2017' L.
Ft. In.
Sandstone
Coal r 1"
Slate 0 3
Coal 0 2
Slate 0 2
Coal 1 3 2 11
Slate, pavement,
James Burke Farm Mine — No. 519 on Map IV.
On Laurel Fork of Sand Run, 0.4 mile northeast of Vegan; Upper KIttanning Coal; elevation, 1975' R
Ft. In.
Slate, roof
Coal, soft V 6"
Coal, bony 0 6
Coal, soft 1 7 3 7
Slate, pavement
Peter Burke Farm Mine — No. 520 on Map IV.
On Laurel Fork of Sand Run, 0.8 mile southeast of Vegan; Uppe." KIttanning Coal; elevation, 2050' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, roof
Coal, soft r 5"
Coal, bony 0 9
Coal, hard 1 0 3 2
Slate, pavement.
Nathan Cochran Farm Mine— No. 521 on Map IV.
On Laurel Fork of Sand Run, 0.8 mile northwest of Lantz; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2075' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, roof ,
Coal V 0"
Slate 0 1
Coal 2 1 5 2
Slate, pavement
Harley Dean Farm Mine — No. 522 on Map IV.
On Sand Run, 0.7 mile southwest of Hinkle; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1468' L.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive 6 0
Shale and slate 0 8
Coal 0' 9"
Slate, black 0 1
Coal 1 6
Shale, gray 0 8
Coal 0 2 3 2
Slate
Martin Dolan Farm Mine— No. 523 on Map IV.
On Sand Run, 1.5 miles north of Overhill; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1520' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, visible 3 0
Shale, slaty 0 6
Coal 0' 11"
Slate, gray 0 1
Coal 1 6 2 6
Slate, imvement
Martin Dolan Farm Mine— No. 524 on Map IV.
On Sand Run, 1.4 miles north of Overhill; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1512' L.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, fine-grained 5 0
Shale, slaty 0 6
Coal 0' 10"
Slate, gray 0 1
Coal 1 7 2 6
Slate, pavement,
5ho
Hi
I'
West Virginia Geological Survey. 545
R. J. Crosby Fann Mine — No. 525 on Map IV.
On Left Pork of Sand Run, 0.6 mile northeast of Overhlll; Upper KIttannIng Coal; elevation, 1640' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, roof
Coal, soft r 10"
Slate 0 1
Coal, soft 1 0 2 11
Slate, pavement
E. A. Hinzman Farm Mine — No. 526 on Map IV.
On a branch of Left Pork of Sand Run, 0.7 mile southeast o' Vegan; Upper Kittahnfng Coal; elevation, 2040' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, roof
Coal, soft r 1"
Slate, black 0 1
Coal, soft 2 3 3 5
Slate, pavement
Several openings have been made along the waters of Middle Fork River, next to the Randolph and Barbour Lines. The W. P. Zirklc Farm Mine (No. 527 on Map IV), located 1. 5 miles southeast of Swamp Run village, at an elevation of B., had fallen shut, but the coal was reported 1' 8" thick. The Jerome Morrison Farm Mine (No. 528 on Map IV), located on Hooppole Run, 1.4 miles northwest of Yokum, had an estimated thickness of 2' 6", the elevation being 2060' B. Farm Mine No. 529 on Map IV, located on the ridge west of Middle Fork River, and 0.6 mile west of Lantz, at an elevation of 2130' B., had fallen shut and could not be measured, the coal having been mined by stripping.
Farm Mine — No. 530 on Map IV.
On a branch of Whiteoak Run of Middle Fork River, 0.9 mile west of Liantz; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2085' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, visible 3 0
Slate, black 1 8
Coal, medium-hard. 2' 1"
Coal, bony 0 4
Coal, soft 1 3 3 8
Slate, pavement
Upper Kittanning CoaU Meade District Upshur.
In Meade District, only a few exposures of Upper Kittanning Coal were found, showing in most cases that it is of doubtful value. The Coal and Coke Railway Exposure (No.
531 on Map IV), located at the east portal of the Sago tunnel, 0.7 mile southeast of Sago, showed 2' 8" of coal and slate, at an elevation of 1525' B., as given in detail in the section for Sago, page 134. The Coal and Coke Railway Exposure (No.
532 on Map IV), located on French Creek, 1.2 miles east of Adrian, showed about 1 foot of coal at an elevation of 1435' B. The coal was once opened at Prospect No. 533 on Map IV, on a branch of Buckhannon River, 0.4 mile southeast of Ours Mill, at an elevation of 1690 B., but the place had fallen shut and could not be measured. It was also opened at Prospect No. 534 on Map IV, on Grandcamp Run, 1.6 miles southwest of Ours Mill, at an elevation of 1695' B., but this place also had fallen shut, little coal, apparently, being found.
Upper Kittannini: Coal, Washington District Upshur.
In Washington District, only a few openings were noted in the Upper Kittanning, and these do not show coal of much value. The two following openings, examined by Teets, were found along Trubie Run :
Creed Shipman Farm Mine — No. 535 on Map IV.
On Trubie Ruiip 1.3 miles northwest of Tallmansville ; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1585' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy, roof
Coal, soft 0' 10"
Coal, slaty 0 1
Coal, soft 1 10 2 9
Slate, pavement
located 1.1 miles west of Tallmansville, at an elevation of 162fy B., had an estimated thickness of 2 feet, evidently being partly closed so that a measurement could not be made.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 547
A few exposures were noted along the railroad cuts on Grassy Run. The Coal and Coke Railway Exposure — No. 537 on Map IV, 0.3 mile west of Tallmansville, showed 1 foot of slaty coal, at elevation of 1690' B.
Coal and Coke Railway Exposure— No. 538 on Map IV.
On Grassy Run, at Tallmansville; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1700' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive. Lower Freeport 15 0
Coal 2' -0"
Slate, dark 0 2
Coal 1 6 3 8
Shale, gray 5 0
Shale, sandy, to grade 15 0
Coal and Coke Railway Exposure — No. 539 on Map IV.
On Grassy Run, 0.3 mile northeast of Tallmansville; Upper Klttan. ning Coal; elevation, 1710' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive , 10 0
Coal r 6"
Slate, dark 0 1
Coal 1 6 3 1
Blre clay shale, to grade 5 0
Upper Kittanning CoaU Banks District Upshur.
In Banks District, a few openings have been made in the Upper Kittanning along the waters of the Little Kanawha River, showing 2 to 4 feet of good coal. The Charles Rexroad Mine (No. 540 on Map IV), located on Cherry Fork, 1.5 miles northeast of Ingo, at an elevation of B., had fallen shut, but was reported as being 3 feet thick. The coal has once been opened at Farm Mine No. 541 on Map IV, on a branch of Cherry Fork, 2.6 miles north of Ingo, at an elevation of 1435' B., but the place is now abandoned, its thickness being unknown.
Floyd Mick Farm Mine— No. 542 on Map IV.
On Cherry Pork, 2.5 miles northeast of Ino; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1645' B.
PL In.
Slate
Coal 2' 3"
Slate, bony 0 4
Coal 2 2 4 9
Slate, pavement
Coal Exposure No. 543 on Map IV located on Panther Fork, 1.7 miles northeast of Ingo, showed 1 foot of slaty coal, at an elevation of 1695' B.
Emory Riffle Farm Mine— No. 544 on Map IV.
On Cow Run, 1.6 miles northwest of Arlington; Upper Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1640' B.
Pt. In.
Sandstone, massive
Coal, slaty 1' 3"
Bone 0 1
Coal, soft 1 10 3 2
Slate, pavement, and concealed: 5 0
Sandstone, massive 10 0
At Farm Mine No. 545 on Map IV, located on Kanawha Run, 0.7 mile northeast of Stillman, the coal has been stripped from the run, at an elevation of 1650' B., showing 2 feet of slaty coal. The coal was once opened at Farm Mine No. 546 on Map IV, on Laurel Run, 1 mile north of Canaan, at an elevation of 2230' B., but apparently not much was found. The John Beverage Farm Mine (No. 547 on Map IV), located on the Right Fork, 0.6 mile north of Cleveland, showed 3' 7" of coal and slate, at an elevation of 1780' L., as given in detail in the Cleveland Section, page 153.
Upper Kittanning CoaU Roaring Creek District Randolph.
In the northern end of Roaring Creek District, a few exposures of the Upper Kittanning were noted but it has not been generally opened in the region of its crop. At Coal Exposure No. 548 on Map IV, on the head of Big Laurel Run
West Virginia Geological Survey. 549
of Tygart Valley, 0.3 mile southeast of Kingsville, the coal exposed in the public road at an elevation of 2405' B., showing a heavy blossom, 6 to 7 feet thick. The following opening apparently represents the Upper Kittanning as it comes 40 feet above the Lower Kittanning, but differs radically from the bed-section usually found :
Mike King Farm Mine— No. 549 oh Map IV.
On Big Laurel Run of Tygart Valley. 1.3 miles northeast of Pumpklntown; Upper KItUnning Coal; elevation. 2320' B.
Ft In.
Slate, dark
Coal, soft 1' 9"
Shale, gray 1 6
Coal, soft 1 2
Slate, black 0 2
Coal 0 3
Slate, black, bony 0 10
Coal, soft 0
Slate, reported 0 8
Coal, reported 2 0 10 4
Quantity of Upper Kittanning Coal Available.
In addition to the coal openings described on the preceding pages, the accompanying table shows a list of oil and gas wells that record Upper Kittanning Coal in the regions where its horizon is under drainage. Another table is added showing the probable amount of this coal by magisterial districts, the areal extent of which was measured with planirneter by R. C. Tucker according to the surface and underground areas outlined for it on Maps II and IV and Figure 9.
Coal.
List of Oil and Gas Wells Recording Upper Klittanning Coal.
Pi
Name of Well.
Location.
Elevation of Well Mouth. A. T.
Depth to Goal. Feet.
Thickness. Feet. 1
Barbour County: Julia Hall No. 1
Elk City, 1.5 ml. N. W. PhilippI, 0.5 mi. W
Atlas, 2.3 mi. S. W
Atlas, 1.4 ml. S. W
E. D. Talhott Heirs No. 2 . Upshur County:
Jacoh Krise No. 1
James R. White No. 1
Probable Amount of Upper Kittanning Coal.
Counties by Districts
Barbour: Pleasant Union . . Phillppi Cove . . . Glade ... Barker . Valley ..
Totals
ed o;
O
Of a
ess of med.
fl :i
M 0°
Oo
'ej OQ
ed
o
u
cr
o
53,861.069 39,698,842 132,143,616 130,136,371 86,144,25C 84,137.011 71,591,731
Upshur:
Warren
Buckhannon
Union
Meade
Washington Banks
Totals
Randolph: Roaring Creek,
Totals for Area
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Middle And Lower Kittanning Coals.
Middle and Lower Kittanning Coal covers a greater acreage and will furnish more fuel than any other seam in the three counties. It has been previously discussed in Chapter VII, pages 261-261, and its outcrop is shown on Maps II and IV. It has been used also as the basis for the red structure contours of the southeastern two-thirds of the area covered by this Report. It is usually of minable thickness where it occurs above drainage and it is also found in some of the oil and gas well borings that have been made in western Barbour and northern Upshur where its horizon lies under waterlevel, but it is not likely that extensive areas of commercial coal will be found in this region, as its westward thinning makes it patchy and uncertain. It is nearly always a multiplebedded seam, with two or three streaks of slate or bone. The benches of good coal are clean, bright, soft, and columnar, being easily mined, the thickness of the entire seam varymg from 2 to 12 feet. It has been mined commercially on an extensive scale in both Barbour and Randolph and has been opened at numerous points in southern Upshur for local domestic use, being usually low enough in sulphur and phosphorus to make it a fine coking coal.
The Middle Kittanning Coal is a split off the main Lower Kittanning seam, the interval between the two varying from I to 40 feet in those portions of southern Barbour, northwestem Randolph, and eastern Upshur where they occur as separate beds. Both seams are often mined in the same opening as one large bed, while at other points they must be handled as separate coals. The Middle Kittanning is of the same type as the Lower Kittanning, being a soft, columnar coal, and frequently having a considerable parting of bony coal or slate. The close association of the two seams makes it obviously impossible to describe them as separate beds and they are therefore presented together, the names "Middle Kittanning" or "Lower Kittanning" being used wherever it is possible to show the openings separately, while they are often noted under ihe double title. Figure 10 shows their probable areal exten as minable coal.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 553
Middle and Lower Kittanning CoalSy Pleasant
District Barbour.
The Lower Kittanning Coal is found above drainage at the eastern edge of Pleasant District along the Tygart Valley River, the Middle Kittanning member apparently being not represented as a separate bed. The coal was noted at several f oints by Teets, as follows :
George Mayle Farm Mine— No. 550 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.8 mile southeast of Cecil; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1160' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal 2' 3"
Slate 0 8
Coal 2 3 6 1
Susan Mayle Farm Mine — No. 551 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 1.1 miles southeast of Cecil; Lower KIttannIno Coal; elevation, 1190' B.
Pt. In.
Slate
Coal, soft 2' 4"
Slate 0 9
Coal, harder 2 3 5 4
Mrs. George Ball Farm MineNo. 552 on Map II.
On Cunningham Run, 0.5 mile northwest of Moatsyille Station; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1270' B.
Pt. In.
Slate and shale 1 0
Sandstone 6 0
Slate, black 2 0
Coal, soft 2' 11"
Shale, gray 1 0
Coal, visible 0 6 4 5
Addie Murphy Farm Mine — No. 553 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.8 mUe northeast of Arden; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1370' B.
Ft In.
Slate and concealed
Coal r 11"
Slate 0 11
Coal 2 6 5 4
Slate
Cordelia Mitchell Farm Mine — No. 554 on Map II.
On a branch of Tygait Valley River, 0.2 mile west of Arden; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1295' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, soft .2' 3"
Coal, bony 0
Coal, soft 2 10 6 7
Slate
The Lower Kittanning Coal was once mined by shaft on the west side of the river north of Berryburg Junction, but this mine has been abandoned for several years, owing to a reported inflow of water from the river. This mine was visited by Ray V. Hennen while still in operation, and the following information secured, as published in Volume page 515, of the Survey:
Midland Coal and Coke Company Mine — No. 555 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.6 northeast of Berryburg Junction; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1205' B.
Pt. In.
2. Coal, with partings. Upper Kittanntng 5 8
3. Sandstone, white, very hard. East Lynn 40 0
5. Coal, soft 2' d "
'Greatest rise, southeast; mine capacity, 200 tons; men employed, 32; coal shipped mostly East for coke and steam purposes; authority
West Virginia Geological Survey. 555
for mine data, Geo. W. Dawson, Mine Foreman; sample tor analysis from Nos. 5, 1, 8, and 9 of section."
The composition of this sample is pubHshed under Mine No. 555 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. This company also built 100 beehive ovens, 60 of which were in service at the time of Mr. Hennen*s visit in June, 1907. A sample of the 48-hour product gave the following results, according to Hite and Patton :
Per cent.
Moisture 0.95
Vollitlle Matter 2.65
Fixed Carbon 79.34
Ash 17.26
Sulphur 1.48
Phosphorus 0.022
Concerning this analysis Dr. White makes the following statement at the reference noted above :
"The ash is too high in this sample, and doubtle<%s much greater than in the average of the coke that it is possible to make from this coal by proper care in separating the bone from the purer coal."
Lower Kittanning CoaU Union DistriU Barbour.
The coal is not above drainage in Elk District, and it value there is problematical, but in Union it has been opened at several points near the Tygart Valley and Buckhannon Kivers, as the following will show:
Farm Mine No. 556 on Map II, located on a branch of Tygart Valley River, 0.9 mile south of Carrolton, at an elevation of 1490' B., was abandoned at the time of Teets' visit, but the coal was reported as being 4 to 5 feet thick.
Some openings were examined by Teets along Cottrill Run of Buckhannon River. The J. L. Teter Farm Mine (No. 557 on Map II), located 0.4 mile north of Boulder, at an elevation of MIO' B., had fallen shut and could not be measured.
D. P. Bennett Farm Mine— No. 558 on Map II.
On Cottrill Run, 0.5 mile northeast of Boulder; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1460' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, roof
Conglomerate with pehhles and iron nodules 0 6
Coal 0' 5"
Slate 0 4
Coal 1 6
Slate 0 6
Coal, hard 1 8 .
Slate floor
William M. Strader Farm Mine— No. 559 on Map II.
On Gottrill Run, 1.1 miles east of Boulder; Lower Kittannlng Coal; elevation, 1580' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone
Coal, soft 0' 6"
Slate 0 4
Coal, soft 1 6
Slate, dark 0 6
Coal, hard 1 6 4 4
Slate, pavement,
The coal has been opened at Boulder where it shows the following :
Samuel Simpson Farm Mine — No. 560 on Map II.
On the east side of Tygart Valley River, at Boulder; ..ower Kittannlng Coal; elevation, 1410' B.
Pt. in.
Slate, black
Coal 0' 6"
Slate, black 0 2
Coal, hard 0 5
Coal, soft .1 3
Slate, bony 0 9
Coal, bony 1 9 4 10
Slate, pavement.
The coal was noted by Teets at two points on Lick- Shoals Run. At Coal Exposure No. 561 on Map II, 0.9 mile southeast of Boulder, the coal was found in the public road, showing a thickness of about 3 feet, at an elevation of ISSC B The Pat Cain Opening (No. 562 on Map II), located 1.2 miles southeast of Boulder, at an elevation of 1531' L., had fallen shut and could not be measured.
The coal is just above drainage at the bend of the river at Hall village, where Tcets observed the following:
West Virginia Geological Survey. 55?
J. P. Newcomb Farm Mine— No. 563 on Map II.
On Buckhannon River, at Hail; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation. 1390' B.
Pt. In.
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, hard, visible 10 o
Coal, block 2' 0"
Slate, gray 1 0
Coal, soft, visible 1 11 4 13
The following opening was observed by Teets along the Tygart Valley :
Susan C. Lantz Farm Mine — No. 564 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 1.1 miles southeast of Tygart Junction; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1540' B.
Pt. In.
Sandstone, massive, gray, pebbly, roof
Coal, soft 1' 4"
Shale, gray 1 10
Coal, soft 1 6 4 8
Slate, pavement
The Baltimore and Ohio Raihroad Company Farm Mine (No. 565 on Map II), located on the Middle Fork River, 0.3 mile southwest of Audra, at an elevation of 1770' B., showed a total thickness of 6' 2", with partings, as given in detail in the section for Audra, page 95.
Lower Kittanning Coal, Philippi District Barbour.
In Philippi District, the Lower Kittanning Coal has been mined extensively both for domestic use and for railroad shipment, its principal line of crop being along the Tygart Valley River. Several openings have been made along Laurel Creek, the following being noted within the bounds of the District :
Moses Kirby Farm Mine — No. 566 on Map II.
On Laurel Creek, 0.6 mile east of Arden; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1355' B.
Ft. In.
siate, clarK
Coal 2' 2"
Coal, bony 0 8
Coal 2' 6'
Slate, pavement
Grant Street Farm Mine— No. 567 on Map II.
On Laurel Creek, 0.6 mile southeast of Arden; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1380' B.
Ft Id.
Sandstone 6 0
Coal 2' 6"
Coal, bony 0 6
Coal, soft 2 4 6 4
Slate, pavement
Isam Stemple Fann Mine — No. 568 on Map II.
On Frost Run of Laurel Creek, 2.1 miles south of Arden; Lowr Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1510' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black
Coal, soft 0' 9"
Coal, hard, bony 1 0
Coal, soft 1 10 3 7
Slate, pavement
James Mayle Farm Mine — No. 569 on Map II.
On a branch of laurel Creek, 2 miles northwest of Tacy; Lower KIttannIno Coal; elevation, 1535' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark
Coal 0' 4"
Shale, gray 0 6
Coal, soft 2 6 3 4
Slate, pavement
Earl Miller Farm Mine— No. 570 on Map II.
On a branch of Laurel Creek, 1.5 miles west of Tacy; Lower Klctanning Coal; elevation, 1525' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black, with Lin ou I ae fossils 5 0
Coal 2' 10"
Shale, gray 0 8
Coal 1 4 4 10
Slate, pavement.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 559
The presence of marine fossils in the roof shales of the Lower Kittanning Coal is unusual, no other instance being known to the writer.
Numerous openings have been made along the Tygart Valley River, both for railroad shipment and domestic fuel. The following mine, examined by A. P. Brady, and previously described by Dr. White in Volume page 506, has now been abandoned and dismantled, most of the coal being evidently mined out:
Laurel Coal Company Mine — No. 571 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.6 mile northeast of Arden; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1330' B.; butts, S. IS"* E.; faces. S. 12' W.
Ft. In.
Sandstone
Slate
Draw slate
Coal 2' 8"
Bone coal 0 7
Coal 2 6 5 9
A sample was collected, presumably from the upper and lower benches of good coal, the composition of which is given under Mine No. 571 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The following mine, formerly known as the Tygarts Valley Coal and Coke Company, operates the coal at Arden :
Boat Run Coal Company Mine — No. 572 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, at Arden; Lower Kittanning Coal; eleyation, 1330' L.
Ft. In.
Slate ;
Coal, soft 2'
Coal, hony 0 7%
Coai, soft, columnar 2 9 5 10
Slate, pavement
"Principal ofllce, Grafton; daily capacity and output, 400 tons; 45 miners and 10 laborers employed; coal shipped East for railroad fuel; butts, S. 78° E.; faces, S. W.; greatest rise, southeast; Ira Hoffman, Superintendent, authority for mine data."
A sample collected from the above mine by A. P. Braaj and previously reported in Volume pages 506-507, ii given under Mine No. 572 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Luella Coal and Coke Company Mine — No. 573 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.6 mile south of Arden; Lower Kit tanning Coal; elevation, 1345' B.
Ft. In.
2. Coal, hard 2' 8 "
'Principal office, Phillppi; daily capacity and output, 300 tons; 40 miners and 10 laborers employed; mule haulage; coal shipped East and West for domestic and steam fuel; butts, N. 83"" K; faces, N. l"" W.; greatest rise, southeast, sample collected from Nos. 2 and 4 of section in Room No. 1, off First Right Headin.p; by D. D. Teets, Jr.; H. M. Crawford, Superintendent, authority for mine data."
The composition of this sample is published under Mine No. 573 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
An. extensive mining operation has been carried on for ma'ny years at Meriden, where both the Upper and Lower Kittanning Coals are mined and handled from the same tipple. The opening in the Upper Kittanning has been previously described under Mine No. 486, page 534. These operations have also been described in Volume II, page 427, under the name of the Philippi Coal and Mining Company, and in Volume page 507, under the same title. Since the publication of those reports, the title of the company has beeu changed as will appear below; the names of Hall Coal Company, and Meriden Coal Mining Company, having been applied to the plant during its history :
it
"3
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. S6l
Lee J. Sandridge Coal Company, Mine No. 1 — No. 574 on
Map IL
On Fords Run of Tygart Valley, at Meriden; Lower Kittannlng Coal; elevation, 1330' B.
Ft. In
n
2. Coal, hard 2' 8%'
"Principal office, Meriden; butts, S. E.; faces, S. 12* W.; greatest rise, southeast; daily capacity, 2500 .tons; daily output, 600 tons; 40 miners and 20 laborers employed; electric haulage; coal shipped East for steam and domestic fuel; sample collected from Nos. 2 and 4 by D. D. Teets, Jr.; Lee J. Sandridge, President and Superintendent, authority for mine data/'
The composition of this sample is published under Mine No. 574 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The following partial section was measured in another opening of the same company, that is not at present in operation :
Lee J. Sandridge Coal Company, Mine No. 4 — No. 575 on
Map II.
On Fords Run of Tygart Valley River, 0.6 mile east of Meriden; Lower Kittannlng Coal; elevation, 1400' B.
Ft. In.
Shale
Coal 1' 6"
Coal, bony 0 7
Coal 1 5 3 6
Concealed
Arthur Matthews Farm Mine — No. 576 on Map II.
On Fords Run, 1 mile southeast of Meriden; Lower Kittannlng Coal; elevation, 1545' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black
Coal ..1' 4"
Coal, bony 0 7
Coal, soft 3 2 6 1
Slate, pavement.
EUjah Mayle Farm Mine— No. 577 on Map II.
On Fords Run, 0.9 mile southeast of Meriden; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1640' B.
Ft, In.
Slate, black
Coal 0' 4"
Slate, dark 0 11
Coal 1 8
Coal, bony 0 6
Coal, soft 2 6 5 11
Slatp, pavement
The James Stemple Farm Mine (No. 578 on Map II), located on Fords Run, 2 miles southeast of Philippi, at an elevation of 1585' B., showed 2' 8" of clean coal, one bench of the coal, apparently, being missing.
Lloyd Gall Farm Mine— No. 579 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.2 mile west of Meriden; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1320' B.
Ft In.
Slate
Coal, soft 2' 1"
Slate 0 7
Coal 2 6 5 1
Slate
Briscoe Morrill Farm Mine — No. 580 on Map II.
On a branch of Tygart Valley River, 0.5 mile northeast of Philippi; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1320' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy 10 0
Slate, black, cannel 0 7
Coal 1' 11"
Coal, bony 0 8
Coal, soft 2 3 4 10
Slate, pavement
Since field work was completed in this locality, the above mine is being operated commercially under the name of Morrill Coal Company.
Prospect No. 581 on Map II, located along the public road on Anglins Run, 2 miles southeast of Philippi, at an elevation
West Virginia Geological Survey. 563
of 1560' B., showed 2' 2" of soft coal, only one bench of the coal being visible.
The following mine, at the south edge of Philippi, has operated the coal on a commercial scale for several years :
Humphreys Coal Company Mine — No. 582 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.8 mile south of Philippi; Lower KIttRnnIng Coal; elevation, 1330' B.
Ft In.
"Principal office, Harrison Building, Philadelphia, Pa.; coal owned by Humphreys Colliery Company; dally capacity, 500 tons; daily output, 100 tons; 14 miners and 6 laborers employed; electric haulage; coal shipped East and West for steam fuel; butts, N. 81"* 65' E.; faces, N. 8"* 05' W.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4, 6, and 7 of section by D. D. Teets, Jr.; J. M. Swick. Superintendent, authority for mine data."
The composition of this sample is published under Mine No. 582 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The coal has been mined commercially for several years at Lillian, where the following information was secured:
Grafton Fuel Company Mine — No. 583 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.5 mile north of Lillian; Lower Kit tanning Coal; elevation, 1361' L.
Ft. In.
7. Slate and fire clay, pavement.
"Principal office, Grafton; owner, Freeport Smokeless Coal Company, of Johnstown, Pennsylvania; daily capacity, 350 tons; daily output, 200 tons; 25 miners and 13 laborers employed; gasoline motor haulage; coal shipped northeast mostly for railroad steam fuel; butts,
N. 86"* E.; faces, N. W.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4, and 6 of section in Room No. 7, No. 3 Butt, off 3rd Section, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; W. S. Brydon, Superintendent, authority for mine data."
The composition of this sample is published under Mine No. 583 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
A farm mine, located in the same vicinity, exhibits the following structure, according to Teets :
Talbott Farm Mine— No. 584 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.2 mile southeast of Lillian; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1420' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, hlack, cannelly
Coal, soft r 1"
Bone, cannelly 0 7
Coal 1 1
Coal, bony 0 6
Coal, soft 2 0 6 3
Slate, pavement
Southeastward from Lillian up the Tygart Valley Rivei, for several miles, there are no operations or prospects on the north side of the river at the horizon of the Lower Kittanning Coal, its commercial thickness in that region being therefore subject to some doubt although the coal may possibly be found if diggings be made through the surface drift. The following prospect, in the writer's belief, represents the Lower Kittanning, although it is regarded as the Upper Kittanning by Dr. White and Mr. Hennen:
H. M. Crawford and Company Prospect — No. 585 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, at Adma; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1780' B.
Ft In.
Sandstone, massive, pebbly
Coal, soft, 0" to 0' 3"
Sltfle, gray 0 5
Coal, bony 0 10
Coal, soft 1 6
Slate, dark-gray 0 1
Coal, soft 1 2 4 2
Slate, sandstone, etc., to base of main Adma Mine 55 0
West Virginia Geolcxjical Survey. 5(
As indicated by the section above, another coal is mine at 55 feet below this prospect, which will be described nnd the Clarion Coal.
Lower Kittanning Coaly Cove District Barbour.
In a considerable portion of Cove District, the Low Kittanning Coal lies several hundred feet under drainage alor the axis of the Belington Syncline, where it has been pro pected at several points by the diamond drill, the results some of these tests being published on preceding pages of th Chapter and showing a fair quality of coal. Several opening are available, however, both to the east and west of the syi cline, as follows:
Coal Prospect — No. 586 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.2 mile northeast of Cove Run St tlon: Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1250' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive
Coal, cannel 2 10
Concealed by debris
Coal Prospect — No. 587 on Map II.
On Big Cove Run, 0.3 mile southeast of Cove Run Station; Low< Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1245' B.
Ft In.
Slate, black, with plant fossils 3 0
Coal, cannel 0' 10"
Coal, blocky 0 10
Slate 0 2
Coal, visible 0 4 2 2
Concealed by water
The coal at the above prospect is reported by residents a being 6 feet thick, but the condition of the prospect was nc such as to permit this statement to be verified.
Coal Prospect — No. 588 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.4 mile north of MoatsviUe Station: Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1225' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark
Coal, soft 3' 2"
Shale, gray 0 6
Coal, soft 0 5
Coal, bony 0 6 4 7
Slate, pavement, and concealed 5 0
Sandstone, massive, Homewood
Coal Prospect No. 589 on Map II, located on Teter Creek, 0.2 mile southeast of MoatsviUe Station, showed 4 feet of coaJ and slate, at an elevation of 1255' B.
The A. J. Gale Farm Mine (No" 590 on Map II), located on Teter Creek, 0.1 mile west of MoatsviUe village, at an eleva tion of 1250' B., was partly filled with water, but appeared to have a thickness of about 3 feet.
Fred Rittcr Farm Mine— No. 591 on Map II.
On Glade Run, 0.3 mile southwest of MoatsviUe village; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1270' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive
Coal, soft 2' 7"
Slate, dark 0 9
Coal 0 4 3 8
Sandstone, massive ,
In the region east of the Belington Syncline, the following opening appears to represent the Lower Kittanning :
Henry BoUner Farm Mine — No. 592 on Map II.
On a branch of Brushy Fork of Teter Creek, 2.8 miles northeast of Valley Furnace; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2280' B.
Ft. in.
Shale, gray
Coal, streak
Shale, gray 4 0
Coal, soft 0' 9"
Coal, hard 0 2
Coal, soft, columnar 3 2 4 1
Slate, pavement,
West Virginia Geological Survey
On the Tygart Valley River, the coal 1 opened at Prospect No. 593 on Map II, 1 mil Moatsville Station, at an elevation of 1325' B. pect had fallen shut,* there being considerab! dump.
Sanford Street Farm Mine — No. 594 on
On Laurel Creek, 0.8 mile east of Arden; Lower elevation, 1380' B.
Shale, sandy
Coai 2'
Coal, bony 0 7
Coal, soft 2 6
Slate, pavement
Jefferson Digman Farm Mine — No. 595 oi
On a branch of Laurel Creek, 2.1 miles southeast Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1500' B.
Slate, black
Coal 0' 4"
Slate, dark 1 6
Coal 2 10
Coal, bony 0 10
Coal, soft 2 0
Slate, pavement
The Aldine Stemple Farm Mine (No. 59i located on Laurel Creek, 1.7 miles northwest elevation of 1475' B., had fallen shut, but was re measured 4 feet.
Lower Kittanning Coaly Glade District,
In Glade District, the Lower Kittanning i age along the axis of the Belington Syncline, wl prospected by the diamond drill with fair res by the records of some of thee borings, publish pages of this Chapter. A few openings have t and west of the syncline, the following being nc
J. P. Wilson and Brother Farm Mine— No. 597 on Map II.
On Mill Run of Teter Creek, 1.9 miles southeast of Valley Furnace: Lower Kfttanning Coal; elevation, 1690' B.
Ft In.
2. Coal, soft 2' 0"
A sample was collected from Nos. 2 and 4 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 597 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Mack Phillips Parm Mine— No. 598 on Map II.
On Jimmy Run of Teter Creek, 4 miles southeast of Nestorrillc; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2410' B.
Pt. In.
Shale, gray
Coal, soft, columnar 1' 10"
Coal, hard, bony 0 2 2 0
Slate, pavement,
The Perry Gainer Coal Stripping (No. 599 on Map II),
located on Teter Creek, 1 mile north of Kirt, at an elevation of 1785' B., appears to represent the Lower Kittanning. The place had fallen shut but the coal was reported about 2' 6" thick.
Harrison Poling Farm Mine — No. 600 on Map II.
On Laurel Creek, 1 mile northwest of Vannoys Mill; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1580' B.
Pt. In.
Slate, black 3 0
Coal, medium-soft 3 7
Slate, bony 1 2
Fire clay
Lower kittanning Coal, Barker District Barbour
In Barker District, the southward rise of the rocks brings the Lower Kittanning above drainage along the Tygart Valley between Dartmoor and the Randolph County Line, and here
West Virginia Geological Survey. 569
the coal has been mined extensively for railroad shipment. In this region the seam that is mined has a total thickness of 10 to 12 feet, apparently representing both the Middle and Lower Kittanning as there is a shale or rock parting 2 or 3 feet thick that divides the coal into two distinct benches. A few openings have been made along the western slope of the Laurel Ridge, where the coal is rising rapidly eastward, the two following prospects being in this region:
Joseph Yeager Farm Mine — No. 601 on Map II.
On a branch of Hunter Fork of Sugar Creek, 1.8 miles southeast of HufTman; Lower Kfttanning Coal; elevation, 1855' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black 2 0
Coal, soft V 8"
Slate, bony 1 6
Coal, bony 1 0 4 2
Slate, pavement
Tazewell Digman Farm Mine— No. 601A on Map II.
On Hunter Fork of Sugar Creek, 2.7 miles northeast of Belington; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2130' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, dark, sandy 10 0
Coal 0' 7"
Slate, dark 0 6
Coal, soft 1 3
Slate, dark, hard 0 3
Coal 0 7
Slate, dark 0 4
Coal 0 10 4 4
Slate, pavement ,
Coal Exposure — No. 602 on Map II.
In the public road, on Mill Creek, 2.1 miles southeast of Belington : Middle and Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2055' B.
Ft In.
Shale, sandy
Coal 3' 0"
Slate, dark 5 0
Coal 1 3
Slate, dark 3 0
Coal 1 0 13 3
Concealed
S70 Coal.
At Coal Mine No. 603 on Map II, located at Dartmoor on the Tygart Valley River, the coal was once mined by a small slope, the elevation of the coal seam being about 1715' B. This operation has been abandoned for several years and the old entry is closed. The following mine in the same vicinityoperates the coal on a large scale:
Davis Coal and Coke Company, Dartmoor Mine No. A — No.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.7 mile south of Dartmoor; Middle and Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1720' B.
Ft. In.
"Principal office, Cumberland, Md.; daily capacity. 1200 tons; daily output, 700 tons; 100 miners and 40 laborers employed; electric haulage; coal shipped East for steam and domestic use; butts, S. 30 W.; faces, N. 30° W.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4, and 6 of section, in Room No. 9, 2nd Right, 2nd Section, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; Geo. Adams, Mine Foreman, authority for mine data."
The composition of this sample is published under Mine No. 604 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The section as measured above by Teets shows only the Lower Kittanning member. The following section measured along the slope near the mine mouth shows both the Middle and Lower Kittanning members and is of important stratigraphic interest :
Ft. In.
Shale
Coal, soft 2' 2" 1 Middle
Sulphur rock 0 9 Kittanning 3 6
Coal, soft 0 7 J
Shale, gray 3 6
Coal, soft 3' 2"1
Shale, gray 0 7 Lower
Coal, soft 0 11 Kittanning 6 3
Coal, hard 1 1
Coal, hard, report ed...O 6 j
West Virginia Geological Survey. S/I
The following mine was examined several years ago by A. P. Brady and the results published in Volume page 510, of the -Survey, under the title of Junior Coal Company, but is now under control of the Davis Colliery Company :
Davis Colliery Company, Junior Mine No. 4 — No. 605 on
Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.4 mile northeast of Junior; Lower Klttannlng Coal; elevation, 1737' L.
Ft In.
"Butts, S. B.; faces, S. W.; daily capacity (1915), 400 tons; sample collected from Nos. 7 and 9 of section by A. P. Brady."
The composition of this sample is published under Mine No. 605 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
There are 75 beehive coke ovens at this mine, a sample of the coke taken by Mr. Brady giving the following analysis :
Per cent.
Moisture 0 . 08
Volatile Matter 0.90
Fixed Carbon 84.97
Ash 14 . 05
Total 100.00
Sulphur 0.94
Phosphorus 0.018
The following table of coke analyses from the Junior Mine was furnished Teets over the signature of F. S. Johnson, Chemist :
Sample No. 12 8
Per cent. Per cent. Per cent.
Moisture 0.29 0.33 0 13
Volatile Matter 0.69 0.83 1.05
Fixed Carbon 85.61 84.47 84.33
A.8h 13.47 14.46 14.50
Totals 99.96 100.09 100.01
Sulphur 0.99 1.01 1.04
Sample No. 1, average for the month of August, 1914. Sample No. 2, average for the month of September, 1914. Sample No. 3, average for the mouth of October, 1914.
The following mine was previously examined and sampled by Ray V. Hennen and the results published in Volume page 517, under the name of the Miller Coal and Coke Company :
Gage Coal and Coke Company, Sarah Mine — No. 606 on
Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, at Gage; Lower Kittanning CcaU elevation, 1800' B.
Ft. In
2. Coal, bony cannel 0' 10 "
3. Slaty Are clay, 1' to 1 8
4. Coal, soft, slightly bony at top. .1 8
7. Slate, gray, r 6" to 0 5
8. Coal, soft, 0" to 0 1
12. Coal, soft 0 4% . . . . 7 7%
"Principal office, H. W. Oliver Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.; dally capacity, 30O tons; 44 miners and 20 laborers employed; electric haulage; coal used for coke and steam fuel; butts, N. 80° E.; faces, S. 10* E.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Noe. 4, 5, 6, and 10 of section by Ray V. Hennen; A. B. Spencer, Superintendent, authority for mine data." (Data revised to November, 1915. — D. B. R.).
The composition of this sample is published under Mine No. 606 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The company has 60 beehive ovens where 180 tons of the output are used, giving a daily coke production of 135
West Virginia Geological Survey. 5/3
t
ions. A sample of the 48-hour product, taken by Hennen a
the time of his visit, shows the following analysis :
Per cent.
Moisture 0 . 35
Volatile Matter 0.55
Fixed Carbon 87.72
Ash 11.38
Sulphur 0.63
Phosphorus 0.098
The coal has been mined extensively along Beaver Creek, where it is rising rapidly eastward toward the Laurel Ridge. Some of these mines are in Randolph County and will be described under Leadsville District. The two following sections were measured at old workings that have now been abandoned, owing to the exhaustion of the coal:
Davis Coal and Coke Company, Weaver Mine No. 3 (South
On Beaver Creek, 0.8 mile northeast of Weaver; Middle and Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1965' B.
Ft. In.
Coal, thickness concealed
Sandstone 0 10
Coal 0' 7"
Slate, hlack, hony 0 7
Coal, soft, columnar 3 8 4 10
Concealed by mud
Davis Coal and Coke Company, Weaver Mine No. 3 (North
On Beaver Creek, 0.9 mile northeast of Weaver; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1995' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black
Coal, soft, columnar 3' 3"
Slate, black 0 5
Coal, soft, columnar 2 5 6 1
Slate, pavement
Judging from its appearance, the upper bench recorded at the north opening corresponds to the lower bench at the south opening, where the lower portion of the seam is concealed by mud.
The following is a new mine recently opened for railroad shipment :
Davis Coal and Coke Company, Mine No. 5No. 609 on
Map 11.
On Beaver Creek, 0.2 mile northeast of Tighevlew; Lower Kittannlng Coal; elevation, 2000' B.
Ft. In.
"Prlnci];>al office, Cumberland, Md.; daily capacity, 150 tons; dally output, 100 tons; 16 miners and 4 laborers employed; mule haulage; coal shipped East for steam' fuel; butts, N. 80" E.; faces, N. 10"* W.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4. and 6 of section by D. D. Teets, Jr.; H. H. Harrison, Superintendent, authority for mine data."
The composition of this sample is published under Mine No. 609 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Another operation has been recently started by W. H. Green (Mine No. 610 on Map II), on the opposite side of Beaver Creek, 0.3 mile north of Tigheview, where the coal has an elevation of B. At the time of the writer's visit to this locality, this new opening had fallen shut and the <:oal could not be measured, but it should differ but little from the coal in Mine No. 609.
Lower kittanning Coal Valley District Bar boar.
In Valley District, the Lower Kittanning has been xnined at numerous points for local domestic use and an attempt was made to mine it for railroad shipment at one place, but the plant is now abandoned. The following openings were noted by Teets :
The M. N. O'Brien Farm Mine (No. 611 on Map II), located on the Tygart Valley River, 0.6 mile northwest of O'Brien, at an elevation of 1800' B., had fallen shut and could
West Virginia Geological Survey. 575
not be measured, but was reported to have shown a totaV thickness of 6 feet. The M. N. O'Brien Farm Mine (No. 612 on Map II), located at O'Brien, measured a total of 9' 0", as shown in detail in the section for that place, page 114, its tidal elevation being B. A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 612 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
William Morgan Farm Mine — No. 613 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.7 mile southwest of Clements; Lower KIttanning Coal; elevation, 1835' B.
Ft. In.
Coal, hard 2' 6"
Slate, gray 0 6
Coal, soft 0 6
Slate, gray 0 ' 9
Coal, soft 0 8
Slate 0 6
Coal, soft 2 2
Coal, hard, bony 1 3 8 10
Slate, pavement.
The following mine, now abandoned, was operated for a short time for railroad shipment, but the seam proved to have too much slate and bone for successful mining. It was exammed and sampled by A. P. Brady and the results published in Volume 11 (A), page 509:
Valley Coal and Coke Company Mine — No. 614 on Map II.
On the south side of Tygart Valley River, at Wilmoth Ford; Lower KIttanning Coal; elevation, 1732' L.
Ft. In.
Sandstone
Slate
Draw slate
Coal 0' 10"
Bone coal 0 3
Coal 0 9
Bone coal '0 3
Coal 0 9
Bone coal 0 2
Coal 1 6
Bone coal 0 2
Coal 1 5
Ft. In.
Bone coal 0' 2"
Coal 1 0 7 3
"Butts, S. 78° E.; faces, 3. W.; greatest rise, N. iB*' W."
The composition of the sample is published under Mine No. 614 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The section measured by Mr. Brady is not satisfactory because of its failure to distinguish between slate and bone. Another and more accurate section, measured by Teets, is published in the section for Wilmoth Ford, page 111, of this Report. This mine has recently been reopened for commercial shipment.
The coal is under drainage along the syncline in the vicinity of Belington, but emerges above the river farther south, the following exposure being noted on the Valley District side of the river:
D. C. Carpenter Farm Mine — No. 615 on Map II.
On ZebB Creeks, 2 miles west of Junior; Middle and Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1910' B.
Pt. In.
Slate
Coal 1' 2"
Slate, dark 1 8
Coal, hard 0 11
Sandstone, slaty 1 0
Shale, gray 3 4
Coal, soft 1 11 10 0
Slate, pavement
Numerous core tests have been drilled in this region, the records of some of which are available to show the coal, as published on preceding pages of this Chapter.
Several openings have been made along the waters of Middle Fork River, the following being noted by Teets :
W. W. Kerr Farm Mine— No. 616 on Map II.
On Middle Fork River, 0.6 mile east of Audra; Lower Klttannlng Coal; elevation, 1880' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, roof, East Lynn 20 0
Coal 2' U"
Slate 0 8
Si
r
West Virginia Geological Survey. Sj
Ft. In.
Coal 1' 6"
Slate 0 4
Coal 1 0 5 6
Slate, pavement,
The A. D. Zirkle Farm Mine (No. 617 on Map II), locate on Middle Fork River, 1 mile east of Swamp Run, at an elevc tion of 1935' B., had fallen shut, but the seam was reporte 5 feet thick, including coal and slate partings. The Fran Wiseman Farm Mine (No. 618 on Map II), located on branch of Hanging Run, 2 miles southeast of Swamp Run, i an elevation of 2055' JB., had fallen shut, but was reported t have shown a total thickness of 3 feet.
Wesley Davis Farm Mine — No. 619 on Map II.
On Middle Fork River, 2 miles southeast of Swamp Ron; Lowe Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2035' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black
Coal r 0"
Shale, slaty 0 7
Coal 0 7
Slate, dark 1 0
Coal, soft 1 10 5 0
Slate, pavement
H. D. Steels Farm Mine — No. 620 on Map II.
On Hanging Run, 1.2 mils north of Talbott; Lower KIttannlni Coal; elevation, 2045' B.
Ft. In
Sandstone, massive 10 0
Coal, soft 2- 0"
Coal, bony 0 8
Coal 0 4
Shale, gray, slaty 0 5
Coal 0 6
Shale, slaty 0 6
Coal 0 9 5 2
Slate, pavement.
Columbus Shomoe Farm Mine — No. 621 on Map II.
On a branch of Laurel Run of Tygart Valley, 0.6 mile east of Talbott; Lower KIttannIng Coal; elevation, 2115' B.
Ft In.
Sandstone, visible 8 0
Slate, black 1 2
Coal, soft 2' 3"
Coal, bony 0 4
Slate, dark 0 4
Coal, bony 0 4
Coal, soft 0 11 4 2
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 621 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Peter Devitt Farm Mine— No. 622 on Map II
On a branch of Laurel Run, 0.6 mile east of Talbott; Lower Kit. tanning Coal; elevation, 2080' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, soft 2' 9"
Coal, bony 0 2
Slate, dark 0 4
Coal, soft 1 3 4 6
Slate, pavement,
A sample was collected at this mine, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 622 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Henry George Farm Mine — No. 623 on Map II.
On Devil Run, 1.8 miles northeast of Lantz; Lower Kittannir.fl Coal; elevation, 2106' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, visible 5 0
Slate 0 2
Coal, soft 2' 0"
Coal, bony 0 2
Slate, gray 0 3
Coal, bony 0 2
Coal 1 7 4 -2
Slate
West Virginia Geological Survfv. 579
A sample was collected from this mine, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 623 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
James George Farm Mine — No. 624 on Map II.
On Dvi) Run, 1.6 miles northeast oC Lantz; Lower KIttannIng CcMl; elevation, 2136' B.
PL In.
Sandstone, roof
Coal, slaty 0' 2"
Coal 2 4
Slate, gray 0 6
Coal, bony 0 3
Coal 1 3 i B
Slate, pavement
John King Farm Mine — No. 625 on Map II.
On Middle Fork River, 0.9 mile northeast of Lantz; Lower Kit tanning Coal; elevation, 21&E' B.
Pt. In.
Sandstone, massive 10 0
Slate, black 0 10
Coal, soft 2' 2"
Slate, tumy 0 9
Coal, soft 1 10 4 9
Slate, pavement
Middle and Lower Kittanning Coals, Warren District, Upshur.
In Warren District, the horizon of the Lower Kittanning Coal is almost entirely under drainage, and little information is available regarding it as no diamond drill holes have been put down deep enough to reach it, and there are only a few <m1 well records available, only part of which show coal. At the extreme eastern end of the District, the coal is above drainage along the Buckhannon River, where Teets secured the following section :
58o COAL.
Henry Jackson Farm MineNo. 626 on Map IV.
On Buckhannon River at Wentz Ford; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1390' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, roof
Coal 2' 0"
Slate 1 0
Coal 2 0 5 0
Middle and Lower Kittanning Coals Union District Upshur
In Buckhannon District, the coal is not above drainage, and knowledge of it through well records and drill holes scanty, but in Union it has been prospected and mined extensively for local domestic use. Both the Middle and Lower Kittanning members are frequently found. These coals are usually low in sulphur, but are much impaired in commercial value by the presence of thick slates that must be handled in mining. Several openings have been made along Handy Camp Run of Buckhannon River, which Teets reports as follows :
James McDermott Farm Mine — No. 627 on Map IV.
On Handy Camp Run, 0.6 mile southeast of Wentz Ford; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, B.
Ft. In.
Slate, cannel
Coai r 6"
Slate 0 4
Coal, bony 0 4 2 2
Slate 0 6
located 0.7 mile north of Five Forks, at an elevation of 1765' B... had fallen shut, but was reported 4 to 5 feet thick.
Clinton Bennett Farm MineNo. 629 on Map IV.
On Handy Gamp Run, 0.5 mile northeast of Five Forks; Lower KitUnnIng Coal; elevation, B.
Ft. In.
Shale, slaty, roof
Coal, soft r 3"
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Ft In.
Slate 0' 4"
Coal 0 4
Slate 0 3
Coal 0 S
Slate 0 11
Coal, soft 2 2 6 6
Slate, payment
L. F. Sutherland Farm Mine — No. 630 on Map IV.
On the head of Handy Camp Run, 0.5 mile south of Five Forki Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1856' L.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark, cannelly
Coal, soft r T
Slate 0 1
Coal 0 2
Shale, gray 1 0
Coal, soft 2 1 4 11
Slate, pavement
John and Martin Welch Farm Mine— No. 631 on Map IV.
On Handy Camp Run, 0.8 mile southeast of Five Forks; MIddl Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1915' B.
Ft. In.
>ff
Sandstone, roof
Coal, soft V 2'
Slate 0 3
Coal 0 6
SUte 0 2
Coal 1 8 3 9
Slate
On Sand Run and its various branches, numerous open ings have been made, the following being reported by Teets
William Moreland Farm Mine— No. 632 on Map IV.
On Sand Run, 0.8 mile south of Wentz Ford; Lower KIttannin Coal; elevation, 1425' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark, cannelly
Coal 0' 3%"
Slate, black 0 1
Coal, soft 1 5%
Bone 0 6
Slate, gray 0 3
Coal, bony, visible 1 4 3 11
The coal was once opened at the Henry Davis Farm Mine (No. 633 on Map IV), at Hinkle, but this mine had fallen shut, its elevation being 1466' L.
Yeager Farm Mine — No. 634 on Map IV.
On Little Laurel Fork of Sand Run, 0.8 mile southeast of Hinkle; Lower KIttanning Coal; butts, N. 86'' W.; elevation, 1580' B.
Ft. m.
Slate, black, cannelly, visible 4 0
Coal, soft 1' 4"
Slate, black 0 1
Coal, bony 0 8
Coal, good, hard 1 6 3 7
Slate, pavement
P. P. Lane Farm MineNo. 635 on Map IV.
On Little Laurel Fork, 1.6 miles east of Overhill; Lower KIttanning Coal; elevation, 1787' L.
Ft. In.
Slate, black, cannelly
Coal 0' 10"
Coal, bony 0 8
Coal, soft 2 2
Shale 0 11
Coal, reported 1 6 6 1
At the Granville Dean Farm Mine (No. 636 on Map IV),
located on Little Laurel Fork, 0.9 mile southwest of Vegan, the Middle Kittanning has been opened at an elevation of 1815' B., showing 3' 3" of clean coal.
John See Farm MineNo. 637 on Map IV.
On Ldttle Laurel Fork, 0.9 mile southwest of Vegan; Lower Kit tanning Coal; elevation, 1805' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark, cannelly
Coal, soft 1' 3"
Coal, bony 0 8
Coal, soft 1 11 3 10
John See Fann Mine — No. 638 on Map IV.
On Little Laurel Fork. 0.8 mile Boutbweat of Vegan; Middle Kit. tanning Coal; elevation, 1S40' B.
Pt. In.
Slate, dark, catmelly
CMl, soft V 1"
Coal, harder u S
CcMl, soft 2 0 3 9
Slate, pavement
The Middle Kittanning Coal has been opened also at the P. L. Morgan Farm Mine (No. 639 on Map IV), located on Littje Laurel Fork, 0.3 mile southwest of Vegan, at an eleva tion of 1840' B., but had fallen shut and could not be measured.
Farm Mine— No. 640 on Map IV.
On Middle Pork of Sand Run, 1.4 miles aontheaat of Hlnkle; Lower KIttanning Coal; elevatlcm, 1SS5' B.
Pt. In.
Slate, cannelly
Coal 1' 6'
SUte 0 1
Coal 0 2
Coal, bony 0 8
Coal, soft 1 4 3 9
Slate, pavement
Farm Mine— No. 641 on Map IV.
On Middle Ebrk of Sand Ron, 1.7 miles southeast of Hlnkle; Lower KIttanning Coal; elevation, 1710' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark, cannelly
Coal, aoft 1' 6 "
Slate 0 Ott
Coal 0 8H
Coal, hony 0 7
Coal, aoft 1 3 8 8
Slate, pavement ;..
Edward Shreve Farm Mine — No. 642 on Map IV.
On Middle F6rk of Sand Run, 1.3 miles northwest of Vegan; Middle KitUnning Coal; elevation, 1820' B.
Ft in.
Slate
Coal, soft : r 2 "
Slate 0 OH
Coal, soft 1 10% S 1
Slate, pavement
Gideon Griffith Farm Mine— No. 643 on Map IV.
On Middle Fork of Sand Run, 0.9 mile southwest of Vegan; Lower KIttannIng Coal; elevation, 1800' B.
Ft In.
Slate, dark, cannelly
Coal, hard 0' 5 ''
Coal, soft 1 1
Slate .0 OH
Coal 0 2
Coal, bony 0 4%
Coal, hard 0 4
Coal, softer 1 4 3 9
Slate, pavement
Lydia Cutright Farm Mine— No. 644 on Map IV.
On Middle Fork of Sand Run, 0.8 mile northwest of Vegan: Middle KIttannIng Coal; elevation, 1850' B.
Ft. in.
Slate
Coal, soft r 3 "
Slate 0 0%
Coal, soft 1 1014 3 2
Slate, pavement
J. W. Dickinson Farm Mine — No. 645 on Map IV.
On Laurel Fork, 1.5 miles southeast of Hinkle; Lower KIttannIng Coal; butts, N. W.; elevation, 1715' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, cannelly, visible 4 0
Coal, block 1' 6 '
Slate, black 0 1
Coal, slaty 0 6
Slate, black 0 2
Coal, hard 1 10 4 1
Slate
West Virginia Geouxsical Survey. 585
EHzabetb Gregory Farm Mine — No. 646 on Map IV.
Slate
Coal, block... Slate, black.. CmiI, bony... Slate, black.. Coal, visible..
William Crites Farm Mine—No. 647 on Map IV.
Sbale, sandy
Slate, black, cannelly 1
Coal, soft r U"
Coal, bony 0 11
Coal, soft I 10 3 I
Slate, pavement
R. J. Crosby Farm Mine— No. 648 on Map IV.
Slate, dark, cannelly
Coal, soft 1' 6"
Coal, bony 0 8
Coal 1 10 i 0
Slate, pavement
Charles Holland Farm Mine— No. 649 on Map IV.
Slate
Cal, aott... Coal, bony.. Coal
Ida Norvell Farm MineNo. 650 on Map IV.
On Beech Run of Left Fork of Sand Run, 1.2 miles southeast of Overhill; Lower Kittannlng Coal; eleyation, 1700' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, soft 0' 11"
Coal, bony 0 8
Coal, soft 2 2 3 9
Slate
S. N. Cutright Farm Mine— No. 651 on Map IV.
On Left Fork of Sand Run, 1.1 miles southeast of Overhill; Lower Kittannlng Coal; elevation, 1715' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, cannelly
Coal, soft 1' 6"
Coal, bony 0 7
Coal, soft 1 10 3 11
Slate
Charles E. Hiner Farm Mine — No. 652 on Map IV.
On Left Fork of Sand Run, 1.7 miles southeast of Overhill; Lower Kittannlng Coal; elevation, 1745' B.
Ft. In.
Concealed from Middle Kittannlng Coal 25 0
Blate, black, cannelly 6 0
Coal 0' 10"
Shale, slaty 0 7
Coal 0 2
Shale, gray 0 11
Coal, soft, visible 1 6 4 0
Concealed
The Middle Kittannlng is also opened in the same hillside and shows the following structure :
Charles E. Hiner Farm Mine — No. 653 on Map IV.
On Left Fork of Sand Run, 1.7 miles southeast of Overhill; Middle Kittannlng Coal; elevation, 1780' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black, cannelly 4 0
Coal, soft 1' 3"
Coal, bony 0 8
Coal, soft 1 3 3 2
Concealed and slate to Lower Kittannlng 31
West Virginia Geological Survey. 587
William Tighe Fann Mine— No. 654 on Map IV.
On Left Fork of Sand Run, 1.1 mllee northwest of Sand Run Station; Lowtr Klttannlng Coal; eleTatlon, 1870' B.
Ft in.
Slate
Coal, soft ..0' 11"
Slate, gray 0 4
Coal, Boft 0 8
Shale, gray 0 8
Coal, Hoft 1 10 4 6
Slate
At Coal Exposure No. 655 on Map IV, on Left Fork of Sand Run, 0.7 mile north of Sand Run Station, the Lower Kittanning shows a thickness of 5 feet, at its crop along the Parkersburg and Staunton Turnpike, its elevation there being 1950* B.
Bentley and Gerwig Farm Mine — No. 656 on Map IV.
On Lett Fork of Sand Run, 1.1 tnlles northeast of Sand Run Station; Lower Klttannlng Coal; elevation, 2056' B.
Ft In.
Slate, blach, cannelly
Coal, soft 0' 8"
Slate 0 4
Coal 0 10
Shale, gray 0 10
CMl 0 11 3 7
Slate
E. A. Hinzman Farm Mine — No. 657 on Map IV.
On a branch of Left Pork; of Sand Run, 0.8 mile Boutheaee of Vegan; Lower Klttannlng Coal: elevation, 1966' B.
Ft In.
Slate, black, cannelly
Coal, bony 0' 6"
Shale, gray 0 10
Coal, bony 0 6
Coal, Bon 1 8 3 6
Slate, pavement
A few openings have been made in Union District on the waters of Middle Fork River, and these Teets reports as follows :
W. P. Zirkle Farm Mine— No. 658 on Map IV.
On Middle Fork River, 1.4 miles souUieast of Swamp Run; Lower KIttannino Coal; eleyatlon, 2040' B.
PL In.
Sandstone, roof
Coal r 6"
Slate 0 1
Coal 1 2
Slate and sandstone 1 3
Coal 1 10 5 10
Slate
The above opening had fallen shut, its section being reported by a resident.
Charles George Farm Mine— No. 659 on Map IV.
On Hooppole Run, 1.2 miles northwest of Tokum; Middle KIttannino Coal; elevation, 2075 B.
*PL In.
Sandstone, roof
Coal, soft 0' 6"
Slate 0 1
Coal 0 2
Coal, bony 0 6
Coal 1 10 3 0
Slate, pavement
D. C. Dunnington Farm Mine — No. 659A on Map IV.
On Middle Fork River, 0.9 mUe northeast of Lantz; Middle KIttannino Coal; elevation, 2110' B.
PL In.
Sandstone, roof 10 0
Coal, soft 2' 1"
Coal, bony 0 8
Coal, soft 1 3 4 0
Slate, pavement,
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 659A in the tabic of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 589
Obey Harris Farm Mine — No. 660 on Hap IV.
On Hooppole Run. 1.2 miles northwest ot Yobutn; Middle KItUnnlng Coal; butts, N. S9° W.; elevation, S020' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, roof
Coal, soft 1' 2"
Slate, dark 0 1
Coat 0 2
Shale, slaty 0 7
Co, hard 1 1 3 1
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 660 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter,
Middle and Lower Kittannir.g Coals, Meade District, Upshur.
In the southeastern portion of Meade District, the Middle and Lower Kittanning Coals have been prospected and mined at numerous points for local domestic use, having much the same character as in Union. The presence of slate and bone partings has retarded their development as commercial coal. Several openings have been made along the waters of French Creek, among which the following were noted;
The James Brady Heirs Farm Mine (No. 661 on Map IV), located on Grandcamp Run, 0.8 mile southeast of Gould, at an elevation of 1440' B., had fallen shut, but the coal was reported 4 feet thick.
J. C. Brady Farm Mine— No. 662 on Map IV.
Coal 2' 1"
Coal, bony 0 8
Coal 2 0 .
Slate, pavement
Charles Perry Farm Mine — No. 663 on Map IV.
On a branch of Grandcamp Run, 1.7 miles south of Gould; MiddU and Lower Klttanning Coals; elevation, 1626' B.
Pt. In.
Coal 1' 0"
Shale, gray 2 0
Coal, bony 0 10
Coal, soft 1 0
Coal, bony 0 4
Coal, soft 2 0
Slate 0 10
Coal, reported 1 0 9 0
Nicholas Linger Farm MineNo. 664 on Map IV.
On Grandcamp Rim, 1.7 miles southeast of Gould; Lower Klttannino Coal; elevation, 1566' B.
Ft In.
Sandstone, massive 1 0
Coal r 8"
Coal, bony 0 4
Coal 2 8
Slate 0 8
Coal, visible 1 0 6 4
Concealed
Thornton Crites Farm Mine— No. 665 on Map IV.
On Grandcamp Run, 1.8 miles southeast of Gould: Lower Klttanning Coal; elevation, 1576' L.
Pt. In.
Coat, partly concealed, about 4' 0"
Slate, dark : 1 6
Coal 0 10
Slate, black, cannelly 0 8
Coal, visible 1 6 8 6
Concealed by water,
At the John Perry Mine (No. 666 on Map IV), located on Laurel Fork of French Creek, 1.9 miles south of Gould, both the Middle and Lower Kittanning are exposed at the same opening, separated by 4 feet of shale, the thickness of the former coal being 5' 3", and that of the latter 5' 7", as .shown in detail by the section for Evergreen, page 133. The elevation of the Lower Kittanning at this point is 1447' L.
Geoie Burr Farm Mine — No. 667 on Map IV.
Slate
Coal, bony 0' 4"
Cl, soft 2 0
Coal, bony 0 9
Coal, soft 1 11 e 0
Slate, pavement
Samuel Loudm Farm Mine — No. 668 on Map IV.
Coal, bony 1'
Coal, sort
bony 0
CcMI, soft 2
Slate, dark 0
Coal 0
Slate, pavement
Asa Fitzgerald Farm Mine — No. 669 on Map IV.
Pt. ii
Slate, black, with coal streaks 2 i
Coal, bony 0' 8"
Coal, soft 0 11
Coal, bony 0 5
Coal, floft 2 1 4
Slate, bony
Floyd Miles Farm Mine— No. 670 on Map IV.
Slate
Coal
Coal, bony 0
Coal, soft, columnar 2
William S. Harris Farm Mine— No. 671 on Map IV.
On Queens Fork of L#aurel Fork of French Creek, 1.7 miles soutlt east of Evergreen; Lower KIttamiIng Coal; elevation, 1865' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, dark, with streaks of coal 4 0
Coal 0' 9"
Coai, bony 0 6
Coal, soft 2 2 3 4
Slate, pavement
Farm Mine — No. 672 on Map IV.
On Queens Fbrk, 0.8 mile west of Alton; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1980' B.
Ft. In.
Concealed from East Lynn Sandstone 20 0
Shale, dark 5 0
Coal, bony 0' 9"
Coal, soft 2 8
Coal, bony 0 8 4 1
Slate, pavement
John AUman Farm Mine— No. 673 on Map IV.
On Laurel Fork of French Creek, 0.6 mile south of Evergreen; Middle and Lower Kittanning Coals; butts, N. 82° E.; elevation, 1880' B.
Ft. In.
1. Coal, Middle Kittanning, visible 2 0
6. Slate, bony 1 0 Kittanning 5 0
8. Slate pavement, and concealed, to Honnewood
Sandstone 20 0
A sample was collected from Nos. .3 and 5 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 673 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
fl
Ma
If
.s S"
S'
llf
lis
a- 1
Winemiller Brothers Fann Mine— No. 674 on Map IV.
On Laurel Fork of French Crek, 1 mile south of Elrergreen; Lower KItUnntng Coal; elevation, 18S0' B.
Ft In.
Shtkle, dark .-
Coal 0' g"
Slate, black 0 8
Coal 1 8
Coal, bony 0 G
Coal, BoK 2 Z
Coal, bony 0 7 6 7
Slate, pavement, and concealed IS 0
Sandstone, massive, cliff rock, Homewood BO 0
Killingsworth and Marsh Farm Mine — No. 675 on Map IV.
Slate, dark
Coal, slate. Middle KKtannIng
Shale, dark
Coat 1' 2"1
Slate, bony 0 3 I Lowor
Coat 1 1 f KltUnnlng..
Coal, bony, visible 0 6 J
Concealed to Homewood Sandatone
Worth Reger Farm Mine— No. 676 on Map IV.
On Laurel Fork of French Creek, S miles northeast of Hollj Grove; Uower Klttannlng Coal; elevation, S006' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, maslve. East Lynn
Coal Z' 6"
Shale, dark 1 J
Coal 0 7 4 2
Slate, pavement
On the Buckhannon River, the Lower Kittanningf Coal appears above drainage near the village of Sago, and rising southward at a more rapid rate than the river, gradually approaches the top of the hills at the south end of the District near Alexander. According to Teets, the coal was once opened at the George Burner Heirs Farm Mine (No. 677 on Bfap IV), where it has an elevation of 1446' L., the mine bng
anii nn mpaeiirpmpnf nhf-ainahlf*
Peter S. Engle Farm Mine— No. 678 on Map IV.
On Sawmill Run of Buckhannon River, 0.3 mile west of Ours Mill; Lower Kittannino Coal; elevation, 1520' B.
Ft. In.
fire clay, visible 3 0
Slate, dark 2 0
Coal, soft 1' 9"
Coal, bony 0 7
Coal, soft 2 2 4 6
Slate, pavement
Peter S. Engle Farm Mine— No. 679 on Map IV.
On the Buckhannon River, 0.2 mile northwest of Ours Mill; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1534' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black, cannelly 0 8
Coal, soft r 2"
Coal, bony 0 9
Coal, soft 1 9 3 8
Slate, pavement
J. S. Hamilton Farm Mine — No. 680 on Map IV.
On the Buckhannon River, 0.3 mile south of Ours Mill; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1565' B.
Pt. In.
Slate, black 2 0
Coal, soft 0' 10"
Coal, bony 0 4
Coal, soft 2 0 3 2
Slate, pavement,
The following opening is reported by Teets in the same locality :
John M. Tenney Farm Mine— No. 681 on Map IV.
On the Buckhannon River, 0.3 mile southeast of Ours Mill; Lower Kittanning Coal; butts, east and west; elevation, 1550' B.
Pt. In,
Slate, black, cannel 3 0
Coal, soft 3' 6"
Slate 0 4
Coal, bony 0 5
Coal, visible 1 5 5 7
West Virginia Geological Survey. 595
Joseph Mouse Farm Mine — No. 682 on Map IV.
On the Buckhannon River, 0.8 mile soijheast of Ours Mill; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1595' B.
Ft In.
Sandstone, massive
Slate, bony 2 0
Coal, soft. . . .' r 1"
Coal, bony 0 8
Coal, bony 2 1 3 10
Slate, pavement
The following opening is reported by Teets:
Howard Rowan Farm Mine — No. 683 on Map IV.
On the Buckhannon River, 1.2 miles northwest of Tenmlle; Lower Kittanning Coai; elevation, 1646' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coai, bony 0' 11"
Coal, medium-hard 2 4
Slate 0 1
Coai 0 4
Coai, bony 0 10
Coal, soft 2 0 6 6
Slate
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 683 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
William Scott Farm Mine— No. 684 on Map IV.
On the Buckhannon River, 0.8 mile northwest of Tenmlle; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1660' B.
Ft. In.
Coal 0' 10"
Slate, black, bony 3 0
Coai, soft 1 0
Coai, bony 0 6
Coal, visible 1 6 6 10
Concealed by water.
The Lowr Kittanning was once opened and mined locally at the Eckess Farm Mine (No. 685 on Map IV), on the Buckhannon River, 0.4 mile west of Tenmile, at an elevation oi
B., but the place has now fallen shut. As described White in Volume page 520, sample was once collected from this mine by Mr. P. Queen, the analysis of which, as made by Hite and Patton, is as follows :
Proximate. Ultimate.
Per cent. Per cent
MatatOFe 0.60 Carbon 73.91
VolatUe Matter 31.60 Hydrogen 4.64
Fixed CartKMi S6.18 Oxygen 7.76
Aah 11.62 Nitrogen 1.32
Sulphur 0.75
Total 100.00 Ash 11.62
Sulphur 1.20 ToUl 100.00
Phoephoma 0.011 Calorimeter B. T. U 13,432
Calculated B. T. U 13,065
Just north of Imperial, the coal was once opened at the Hiram Bean Farm Mine (No. 686 on Map IV), at an elevation of 1835' B., but the place had fallen almost entirely shut, about 4 feet of coal being visible at the mouth of the opening.
At the Imperial Sand Company Coal Mine (No. 687 on Map IV), located on the Buckhannon River at Imperial, the coal is mined for use at the sand works of this company, being 5' 8", with partings, as given in detail in the section for Imperial, page 136. A sample was collected from this opening by Teets, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 687 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The following section was secured by Teets at an abandoned opening near Beans Mill :
W. W. Wyatt Farm Mine— No. 688 on Map IV.
On the Buckhannon River, Just west of Beans Mill; Lower Klttanning Coal; elevation, 1976' B.
Ft In.
Slate
Coal, soft 2' 1 "
Coal, bony 0 8
Coal 1 0
Slate, black 0 0%
Coal, soft 1 6
Coal, soft, reported 2 0 7
West Virginia Geological Survey.
G. W. Fish Farm Mine— No. 689 on Map IV.
On the Buckhannon River, Just northweBt of Alton; Lower KItl ning Coal; elevation, 1970' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive. East Lynn 40 0
Concealed and shale 15 0
Coal, bony 0' 6"
Coal, soft 2 8
Slate, bony 1 0
Coal 1 6 5 8
Concealed by water and mud.
Since field work was completed, this mine has been org; ized on a commercial basis under the name of Hays C Company, according to Earl A. Henry, Chief of the West ginia Department of Mines.
Farm Mine — No. 690 on Map IV.
On a branch of Big Run of Buckhannon River, 0.7 mile southw of Alton; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2010' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black
Coal 0' 10"
Bone 0 1
Coal 2 4 3 3
Slate, pavement.
The William Hosaflook Farm Mine (No. 691 on Map
located on Big Run, 1.7 miles southwest of Alton, at an ele tion of B., had partly fallen shut, but showed about feet of coal above the water. The Arthur Gladwell Fa Mine (No. 692 on Map IV), located on the Buckhannon Riv 0.2 mile south of Alton, at an elevation of 2015' B., had fal partly shut, 4 to 5 feet of coal being visible.
Okey Gould Farm Mine — No. 693 on Map IV.
On the Buckhannon River, 0.9 mile south of Alton; Lower Kitt ning Coal; butts, N. W.; elevation, 2065' B.
Ft. In,
Slate, roof
Coal 2' 1 "
Coal, bony 0 8
Coal 1 0
Ft In.
Slate, black 0' 0%"
Coal, soft 1 6
Coal, reported 2 0 7 3%
The Jesse Pringle Farm Mine (No. 694 on Map IV), located on Simmons Run, 0.5 mile northwest of Alexander, at an elevation of B., measured a total of 4' 1", as given in detail in the section for Alexander, page 137. A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 694 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Middle and Lower Kittanning Coals Washington District
Upshur.
In Washington District, the Middle and Lower Kittanning have much the same appearance and quality as in Union, usually forming one seam that can be mined as a unit, but sometimes separating into two distinct beds, and both seams having numerous slate or bone partings.
Several openings have been made along the waters of Sand Run, the two following being reported by Teets :
M. M. MiUer Farm Mine— No. 695 on Map IV.
On a branch of Sand Run, 1 mile northeast of Goodwin; Lower Kittannino Coal; elevation, 1675' B.
Pt. In.
Slate, dark, cannelly 4 0
Coal, soft 1' 2"
Coal, bony 1 3
Coal, soft 1 5 3 10
Slate, pavement
E. J. MiUer Farm Mine— No. 696 on Map IV.
On a branch of Band Run, 0.4 mile north of Goodwin; Lower Kittannino Coal; elevation, 1654' L.
Pt. In.
Slate
Coal, soft V 1"
Coali bony 1 0
Coal, soft 1 7 3 8
Slate, pavement,
t k
Coal and Coke Railway Mine— No. 697 on Map IV.
SandstoDe, masBlve. Ea*t Lynn..
Coal, bony
Coal. Bott
The six following openings were noted by Teets along the same branch of Sand Run :
C. G. Benson Farm Mine — No. 698 on Map IV.
Slate
Coal, Boft r 3"
Coal, bony 1 0
Coal, soft 1 8 3 11
Slate, pavement
J. H. Shipman Farm Mine— No. 699 on May IV.
Slate
Coal, soft 1' a-
Coat, bony 0 11
Coal, soft 1 9 3 11
Slate, paTement
Anthony Horabeck Farm Mine — No. 700 on Map IV.
Slate
Coal, aolt
Coal, bony
Coal, soft
Slate, pavement..
A. H. Benson Farm Mine— No. 701 on Map IV.
Slate, roof
Coal, soft 1'
Coat, bony 1
Coal, BOft 1
W. W. Tallman Farm Mine— No. 702 on Map IV.
Slate
Coal, bony 0' 10"
Coal, fwft a 6
Slate 1 4
Coal, hard 1 6 6 t
Slate, paTement
A. T. Tallman Pann Mine— No. 703 on Bfap IV.
Sandstone, maSBive roof
Coal, soft 1' 0"
Coal, bony 1 0
Coal, soft 1 11 .
Slate, pavement
The three following openings, examined by Teets, ar located on another branch of Sand Run, farther east :
Bun Shipman Farm Mine — No. 704 on Map IV.
"Mine opening not under to good cover."
Lyda Light Fann Min— No. 705 on Map IV.
On a branch of Sand Run, miles north of Kedron; Lower KItUnning Coal; elevation, 1980' B.
PL In.
Slate '.
Coai, soft 1' 0-
Slate 0 S
Coal 0 S
Slate 0 6
Coal 0 B
Coal, hony 0 4
Coal 1 4 1
S. N. Tetiney Farm Mine— No. 706 on Map IV.
On a branch of Sand Run, 1 mile north of Kedron; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 201Q' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal 0' 4"
Slate 0 2
Coal 0 9
Slate .0 11
Coat, soft :i 6 8 8
The three following openings are located on another branch of Sand Run, near the Coal and Coke Railway:
Sanford Light Farm Mine — No. 707 on Map IV.
On Sand Run, 1 mile west of Sand Run Station; Lower Klttannlng Coal; elevation, 1860' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark, with streaks of coal 2 0
Coal, slaty 0' 7"
Shale, gray 0 9
Coal, good 2 8 4 0
Coal, bony, tfalckneBs concealed by water
Coal and Coke Railway Coal Exposure— No. 708 on Map IV.
On Sand Run, 0.6 mile west of Sand Run Station; Lower Klttannlng Coal; elevation, 1900' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black 2 0
Coal 0- 10".
Slate, black, bony 1 6
Pt. In. Coal V 10" 4 2
Slate, pavement,
The Middle and Lower Kittanning are both visible at the Coal and Coke Railway Exposure (No. 709 on Map IV), on Sand Run, at the west portal of the Sand Run tunnel, just east of Sand Run Station, where they are separated by 16 feet of shale and slate, the former seam being 4' C thick, and the latter 4' 2", with partings, as shown in detail in the section for Sand Run, page 140.
On the Buckhannon River and its waters above Sago, numerous openings have been made in the Kittannings, the following being noted near the point where the coal rises from the river:
WilUs Norvell Farm Mine— No. 710 on Map IV.
On the Buckhannon River, at Sago; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1455' B.
Pt. In.
Sandstone, massive
Slate 0 6
Coal 1' 0"
Slate, black 0 1
Coal 0 3
Slate, black 0 1
Coal 1 7 3 0
Slate, pavement
Coal and Coke Railway Prospect — No. 711 on Map IV.
On the Buckhannon River, 0.5 mile northwest of Ours Mill; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1500' B.
Pt. In.
Shale, gray
Slate, bony 1 0
Coal 2' 1"
Coal, bony , 0 9
Coal 1 6 4 4
Slate, pavement.
The following mine was opened soon after the construction of the Coal and Coke Railway and operated on a commercial basis, but has been abandoned :
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Coal and Coke Railway Mine— No. 712 on Map IV.
On Grassy Run, 1.1 miles southwest of TallmansylUe; Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1610' B.
Ft. In
Shale, dark
Coal, hard 2' 10"
Coal, bony 0 10
Coal, soft, columnar. . . 2 2 5 10
Slate, pavement
F. A. Reed Farm Mine— No. 713 on Map IV.
On Grassy Run, 0.3 mile southeast of Tallmansvllle ; Lower tanning Coal; elevation, 1650' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy 5 0
Coal V 9"
Coal, bony 0 5
Coal, soft, columnar 2 3 4 5
Slate, pavement,
The following opening is reported by Teets, farther the same branch:
Leon Gaston Farm Mine— No. 714 on Map IV.
On a branch of Grassy Run, 0.8 mile southeast of Tallmansi Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1760' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive. East Lynn 8 0
Slate, black 3 0
Coal, soft 1' 9"
Coal, bony 1 0
Coal, soft 1 3 4 0
Slate, pavement.
located on the Buckhannon River, 0.3 mile east of Teni at an elevation of 1697' L., measured a total of 3' 9", as g in detail in the section for Tenmile, page 138.
Numerous other openings in the southern end of District, as observed by Teets, are given on the follow pages. Nos. 716-729, inclusive, are located on the water Tenmile Creek.
Drusilla Tenney Farm Mine— No. 716 on ICap IV.
On Tenmile Creek, 0.5 mile southeast of Tenmlle; Middle and Lower Kittanning Coals; elevation, 1810' B.
Ft In.
Shale
Slate ..3 0 i Kittanning 6 6
Coal 0 5 J
Slate 4 0
Coal, hard 1' O''
Coal, soft 2 0
Slate, dark 1 s
Coal 0 6
Slate, hlack, bony 0 6 Lower
Coal, soft 1 1 Kittanning 6 1
Slate, pavement
Daniel Snyder Farm Mine— No. 717 on Map IV.
On Tenmile Creek, 1 mile southeast of Tenmile; Middle Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1865' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, soft r 3"
Coal, bony 1 0
Coal, soft 2 2 4 5
Slate, pavement
Roscoe King Farm Mine — No. 718 on Map IV.
On Tenmile Creek, 1.5 miles east of Tenmile; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, I860' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black, visible 3 0
Coal, soft 3' 3"
Slate, black 0 1
Coal 0 3
Slate 0 2
Coal, bony 0 4
Coal, soft 2 6 6 7
Slate, pavement
James Tenney Farm Mine — No. 719 on Map IV.
Slate
Coal
Slate
Coal
Slate
Coal, bony. . Coal
Slate, pavement
Silas Goodwin Farm Mine — No. 720 on Map IV,
Slate
Coal, bony 0' 6"
Coal, soft 2 e
Slate, dark 0 10
Coal 0 7
Slate, gray 0 a
Coal, soft 1 G G 1
Slate, pavement
Bee Squires Farm Mine — No. 721 on Map IV.
Slate
Coal
Coal, bony.. Coal, soft...
Slate, pavetnait
Ernest Wamsley Farm Mine— No. 722 on lOap IV.
SandBtone. roof
Coal, 8oft 2'
Coal, bony 0
Coal 1
Slate, pavement..
6o6 COAL.
S. M. Tenney Farm Mine— No. 723 on Map IV.
On Right Fbrk of Tenmile Creek, 1.1 miles south of Temnile; Middle Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1850' B.
Ft In.
Coal, soft r 2"
Coal, bony 1 0
Coal, soft 2 3 4 6
Slate
A. W. Tenney Farm Mine— No. 724 on Map IV.
On a branch of Right Fork of Tenmile Creek, 1.6 miles southeast of Tenmile; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2000' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, slaty
Coal 0' 10"
Slate 4 0
Coal 2 8
Slate 0 1
Coal 0 8 7 10
Slate, pavement
Alonzo KeUey Farm Mine— No. 725 on Map IV.
On Right Fork of Tenmile Creek, 1.9 miles northeast of Beana Mill; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2070' B.
Ft In
Slate
Coal, bony 0' 8"
Coal, soft 2 4
Slate 0 4
Coal 0 9
Shale slaty 0 8
Coal, soft 2 1 6 10
Slate, pavement
Charles Wilfong Farm Mine— No. 726 on Map IV.
On a branch of Right Fork of Tenmile Creek, 1.5 miles southwest of Queen; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2135' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, soft 2' 10"
Slate 0 2
Coal 0 7
Slate 0 6
Coal 0 7 4 8
Slate, pavement,
Sylvester Tenney Farm Mine — No. 727 on Map IV.
On a branch of Rigbt Fbrk of Tenmile Creek, 1.6 miles Boutbwesi of Queen; Lowr Klttanning Coal; elevation, 2206' B.
Ft. In.
Bandatone
Slate, dark, TislMe 4 0
Coal, soft 2' 7"
Shale, slaty 1 0
Coal 1 2 4 9
Slate, pavement
John Cutright Farm Mine— No. 728 on Map IV.
On Right Fork of Tenmile Creek, 1.3 miles aoutbeast of Beans Mill; Lower KIttannlns Coal; elevaUon. 2105' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, bonr 0' 6"
Coal, soft 3 4
Shale, gray 0 8
Coal, soft 2 8 7 5
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No, 728 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
William Nicholas Farm Mine— No. 729 on Map IV.
On Right Fork of Tenmile Creek, 1.3 miles southeast of Beans Milt; Lower KItUnnIng Coal; elevation. 2250' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, hard
Coal 2' 8"
Coal, bony 0 10
Coal 2 2 6 S
Slate, pavement
Louis Bennett Farm Mine — No. 730 on Map IV.
On the Buckhannon River, 0,4 mile southeast of Imperial; Lower Klttannlng Coal; elevation, 1S95' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black, cannelly, visible 4 0
Coal, bony 0' 10"
6o8 COAL.
Coal 0' 9"
Slate, gray ..0 6
Coal 0 6
Coaly bony 0 4
Coal, soft 1 6 .
Ft In.
Slate, pavement
The four following openings are on Panther Fork :
Parley Queen Farm Mine— No. 731 on Map IV.
On Panther Fork, 0.7 mile southeast of Beans Mill; Lower Klt tanning Coal; elevation, 2045' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, bony 0' 8"
Coal, softer 2 0
Shale, gray 1 0
Coal 1 6 5 2
Slate, pavement
Andrew Harmon Farm Mine — No. 732 on Map IV.
On Panther Fork, 0.9 mile southeast of Beans Mill; Lower KKtannlng Coal; elevation, 2060' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, bony 0' 6"
Coal, softer 2 2
Shale, gray ' 0 11
Coal, soft, visible 1 1 4 8
William Blume Farm Mine— No. 733 on Map IV.
On a branch of Panther Fork, 1.7 miles southeast of Beans Mill; Lower KIttannIng Coal; elevation, 2300 B.
Ft In.
Sandstone, massive. East Lynn 15 0
Coal, hard 2' 9"
Coal, bony 0 10
Coal 2 2 5 9
Slate
an
le
John Zickefoose Farm Mine— No. 734 on Map IV.
On a braseb at Panther Pork, 2 mllee Bonttteaat of Beans Hill; Lower Kittanning Coal; eleratlOD, 3S00' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone
Coal, hard...' 2- 8"
Coal, bony 0 10
Coal, soft 2 2 C 8
Slate, pavement
R. B. Cody Farm Mine— No. 735 on Map IV.
Robert Johns Farm Mme — No. 736 on Map IV.
On Swamp Run of Buckhannon River, 0.8 mile northwest of Stockerts; Lower KIttannlns Coal; elevation, 2266' B.
FL In.
Slate
Coal, hard 2' 0"
Shale 0 11
Coal 1 3 4 2
The Jacob Queen Farm Mine (No. 737 on Map IV), located on Herods Run, 0.6 mile southwest of Stockerts, at an elevation of 2370* B„ measured a total thickness of 5' 7", as given in detail in the section for Stockerts, page 139.
Several openings have been made in Washington District on the waters of Middle Fork River, of which Teets has noted the following:
6X0 Coal.
Sheridan Hinlde Farm Mine— No. 738 on Map IV.
On Gum Run of Middle FDrk River, 0.8 mile northwest of Qale; Middle Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2085' B.
Ft. In.
81ate
Coal, soft r 1"
Coal, bony 1 0
Coal, soft 2 1 4 2
Slate, pavement
Warwick Osborne Farm Mine — No. 739 on Map IV.
On Gum Run of Middle F6rk River, 1.2 miles west of Gale; Middle Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2076' B.
Ft In.
Slate
Coal, soft r 0"
Coal, bony 0 11
Coal, soft 2 3 4 2
Slate, pavement, and concealed, to Lower Klt
tanning Coal 20 0
Alvin Osborne Heirs Farm Mine— No. 740 on Map IV.
On a branch of Middle Fork River, 0.5 mile north of Kedron; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2095' B.
Ft In.
Slate, black, visible 2 0
Coal 0' 8"
Slate 0 11
Coal 0 6
Slate 0 8
Coal, soft 2 4 4 8
Slate, pavement.
The Middle Kittanning is opened only IS feet above the preceding mine and shows the following structure :
J. A. Goodwin Farm Mine — No. 741 on Map IV.
On a branch of Middle Fork River, 0.5 mile north the Kedron; Middle Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2110' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, roof
Coal, soft 1' 2"
Coal, bony 0 8
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Coal, soft 2' r
Pt
In.
Slate, pavement,
W. W. Tallman Farm Mine— No. 742 on Map IV.
On Laurel Run of Middle Fork River, 0.7 mile southwest of Kedron; Middle Kittarming Coal; elevation, 2040' B.
Ft In.
Slate
Coal, soft r 3"
Coal, bony 0 8
Coal, soft 2 0 3 11
Slate
Emanuel Goodwin Farm Mine — No. 743 on Map IV.
On Laurel Run of Middle Fork River, 1.1 miles northwest of Queen; Middle KIttanning Coal; elevation, 2130' B.
Ft In.
Slate, roof
Coal, soft r 4"
Coal, bony 0 10
Coal, soft 2 1 4 8
Slate, pavement.
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 743 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
A. L. Hinkle Farm Mine— No. 744 on Map IV.
On a branch of Leonard Run of Middle Fork River, 1.4 miles southwest of Queen; Middle KIttanning Coal; elevation, 2260' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, soft 2' 2"
Coal, bony 1 4
Coal, soft 1 4 4 10
Slate, pavement
6l2 COAL.
Theodore Clark Farm Mine— No. 745 on Map IV.
On Leonard Run of Middle Fork River, 0.7 mile north of Asli Camp; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, B.
Ft. In.
Slate, roof
Coai 2' r
Coal, tony 0 10
Coal 1 8 4 7
Slate, pavement
P. A. Reeder Farm Mine— No. 746 on Map IV.
On Right Fork of Middle Fork River, 0.4 mile northeast of ABh Camp; Lower Kittanning Coai; elevation, 2440' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, coarse. East Lynn 10 0
Coal, splint 2' 9"
Coal, bony .0 10
Coal, soft 1 9 ... 5 4
Slate, pavement
Charles Anderson Farm Mine— No. 747 on Map IV.
On Right Fork of Middle Fork River, at Ash Camp; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2410' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, roof '.
Coal, soft V liT
Coal, bony 1 1
Coal, soft 2 1 6 0
Slate, pavement
Middle and Lower Kittanning Coals Bank$ District Upshur
In Banks District, the Middle and Lower Kittanning have been opened and mined for local use at many points and show much the same character as in Meade, Union, and Washington. The coal is uniformly low in sulphur, but contains many slate partings that must be removed when mining.
The following opening apparently represents both the Middle and Lower seams :
Columbus Crites Fatm Mine— No. 748 on Map IV.
On Alec Ron of Backhtuuton River, 2 miles northirest of BtlbyviUe; Middle and Lower KKUnnIno Coale; elevftUon, 2230' B.
Ft In.
Bandatone, massive, East Lynn
Concealed 10 0
Slate, black 9 0
Coal, Middle Klttannlno 1 E
Slate, gray S 6
Coal, Lower KIttannIng 2 7
Slate, pavement, and concealed G 0
Sandstone, maselve, great cliff, Homewood 40 0
The outcrop of the Kittannings in Banks District is mostly on the headwaters of the Little Kanawha River, numerous openings having been made along its branches, of which the following were noted:
Evan McCartney Farm Mine — No. 749 on Map IV.
On Trace Ron of Little Kanawha River, 1.1 miles eontheast Ingo; Lower KIttannIng Coal; elevation, 1660* B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, eliaJy 1 0
Slate, black 1 0
Coal 0' 6"
Slate, black, soft 0 4
Coal, soft 1 10
Coal, bonr 0 7
Slate, dark 0
Ceal, soft 0 11
Coal, bony 1 6 6 1
Slate, pavement
Charles Rexroad Farm Mine— No. 750 on Map IV.
On Cbeny Fork of Uttle Kanawha, 1.8 miles northeast of Ingo; Lower KIttannIng Coal; elevation, 1506' B.
Ft to.
Shale, sandy
Coal, bony 0'
Coal, good 0 S
Blate, black 1
Coal, somewhat bony 1 0
Slate, black, 1' to 0 8
Coal, good a S 4 8
Slate, pavement
6l4 COAL.
Lee Harris Farm Mine — No. 751 on Map IV.
On Panther Fork of Ldttle Kanawha River, 1.2 miles northeast of Ingo; Lower KIttannIng Coal; elevation, 1546' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, gray
Slate, black 0 6
Coal r
Coal, bony 1 0
Slate, black 0 3
Coal 2 11 6 3
Shale, gray, pavement, visible 2 0
J. A. Bragg Farm Mine — No. 752 on Map IV.
On Panther Fork of Little Kanawha River, 1.7 miles northeast of Ingo; Lower KIttannIng Coal;* elevation, 1616' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black
Coal, soft 0' 8"
Coal, bony 0 4
Coal, soft 0 4
Slate, dark 0 2
Coal, soft 1 10 3 4
Slate, pavement
Charity Riley Farm Mine— No. 753 on Map IV.
On Cave Run of Little Kanawha River, 1 mile southwest of Kanawha Head; Lower KIttannIng Coal; elevation, 1735' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive
Slate, black 1 0
Coal 0' 6"
Slate, black, soft 0 8
Coal .2 6 3 1
Concealed by water.
The coal was reported to have shown a total thickness of 6 feet at the above opening.
Benjamin Curry Farm Mine — No. 754 on Map IV.
On Little Kanawha River, 0.7 mile west of Kanawha Head; Lower KIttannIng Coal; elevation, 1722' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive 6 0
Shale, dark 2 0
CmI, bony 0' 11"
Coal, good 1 3
State 0 S
Coal 2 0 t 6
Slate, pavement, concealed, etc., to base ot Upper Meroer Coal 77 0
Farm Mine — No. 755 on Map IV.
On Lynncamp Ron of Little Kanawha, 0.6 mile southeast ot Kanawha Head; Lowr Klttanntng Coal; elevation, 1760' B.
Ft In.
Slate, black
Coal, BOft 2' 9"
Coal, bony 2 4
Coat, soft 1 8 6 9
Slate, pavement
At Farm Mine No. 756 on Map IV, on Lynncamp Run, 0.5 mile southeast of Kanawha Head, the Middle Kittanning was once mined at an elevation of 1795' B., and 35 feet above the Lower Kittanning. The place has now fallen shut, only 2 feet of coal being visible at the mine mouth.
The Lower Kittanning was once mined at the Ralph Teter Farm Mine (No. 757 on Map IV), located on the Little Kanawha, 0.3 mile west of Arlington, at an elevation of 1.S70' B., about 4 feet of coal being visible. The Middle Kittanning has been mined in the hill just above this opening, the interval between the two coals being 25 feet, and shows the following section :
Ralph Teter Farm Mine— No. 758 on Map IV.
On the Uttle Kanawha River, 0.4 mile west of Arlington; Middle Kittanning Coal; elevation, lo9S' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone 2 0
Shale, sandy 2 0
Slate, black, cannelly 2 0
Coal, soft 0' 6"
Bone 0 10
Coal, Boft 1 0
Coal, bony 0 S
Coal, soft 1 3 8 10
Slate, pavement
6l6 GOAL.
George Fidler Farm Mine— No. 759 on Map IV.
On the north side of Ldttle Kanawha River, at Arlington; Middle Kittanning Coal; butts, N. 87'' W.; elevation, 1615' B.
'Pt. In.
7. Slate, pavement, and concealed, to Homewood
Sandstone 20 0
A sample was collected from No. 6 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 759 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Fidler Farm Mine— No. 760 on Map IV.
On the south side of Little Kanawha Rivr, 0.2 mile southeast of Arlington; Middle Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1646' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive ,. 6 0
Coal O' 6"
Bone 0 8
Coal 0 9
Bone 0 4
Coal 1 9 8 11
Slate, pavement
The Fidler Farm Mine (No. 761 on Map IV), located on the south side of the Kanawha, 0.3 mile southeast of Arlington, at an elevation of 1645' B., measured a total of 4' 11", as published in detail in the section for Arlington, page 148. Farm Mine No. 762 on Map IV, located on a branch of Laurel Run of Little Kanawha, 1 mile northeast of Arlington, at an elevation of 1670' B., had been abandoned, but showed about 4 feet of Lower Kittanning Coal.
Bert Robey Farm Mine— No. 763 on Map IV.
On & branch of Laurel Rnn ol Little Kan&vlia River, mllea east of Arlington; Lower KIttannIng Coal; olevatlon, 1S76' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black, sandy 1 0
Coal 1' 4"
Bone 0 6
Coal 1 a
Bone 0 4
Coal 1 0 4 8
Slate, pavement
The blossom of the Middle Kittanning shows at this point -at a spring 25 feet above the Robey Opening, but has not been prospected.
E. C. Young Farm Mine— No. 764 on Map IV.
On Laurel Run of Little Kanavba Rlrer, at aalnee; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1806' B.
rt In.
Shale, Band? 10 0
Slate, black 8 0
Coal, Boft 0' 6"
Coal, hard 0
Coal, Bott 1 10
Slate, bony 0 3
Coal 1 B 4 r
Slate, pavement
William J. Fidler Farm Mine— No. 765 on Map IV.
On the Little Kanawha River, 0.3 mile northeast of Arlington; Middle Kittanning Coal; elevation, 169S' B.
rt. In.
Shale, dark, sandy 1 0
Slate, black, cannel 1 0
Coal, soft 0' V
Coal, boor 0 t
Coal 1 8
Coal, bony 0 8
Coal, Boft 1 7 4 1
Slate, pavement
Both the Middle and Lower Kittanning are opened at the following locality where the interval from the base of the Lower to the base of Middle is 28 feet:
6l8 COAL.
George Fidler Farm Mine— No. 766 on Map IV.
On the Little Kanawha River, 0.7 mile northeast of Arlington: Lower Ktttanning Goal; butts, N. 86° W.; elevation, B.
ft. In.
Shale, sandy 8 0
Coal, soft r 1"
Shale, gray 0 7
Slate, bony 0 10
Coal, soft 0 11
Coal, bony 0 3
Coal, soft 1 6 6 1
Slate, pavement?
George Fidler Farm Mine — No. 767 on Map IV.
On the Ldttle Kanawha River, 0.6 mile northeast of Arlington; Middle KIttanning Coal; elevation, 1598' Bl
Bt. In.
Slate, black
Coal 0' 6"
Slate, black 0 6
Coal 0 10
Slate, black 0 6
Coal, hard, bony 8 0
Slate pavement?
H. U. Allman Farm Mine— No. 768 on Map IV.
On the Little Kanawha River, 0.7 mile northeast of Arlington; Lower KIttanning Coal; elevation, 1570' B.
Ft. In.
Coal, thickness concealed
Shale, gray 1 S
Coal 2' 0"
Coal, bony 0 4
Coal, medium-hard 1 8 4 0
Slate, pavement?.
At the Porter Clarkson Farm Mine (No. 769 on Map IV), located on Cow Run, 0.9 mile southeast of Stillman, the Lower KIttanning had once been mined from the bed of the run at an elevation of 1540' B., but had fallen shut, the coal being reported 7 feet thick.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Moore Brothers Farm Mine— No. 770 on Map IV.
On Little Kanawha River, 0.8 mile west of Holly Grove; Lo Kittanning Coal; butts, N. E.; elevation, 1750' L.
Pt. In.
A sample was collected from Nos. 2, 5, and 7, the cc position of which is published under Mine No. 770 in table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Taylor Wilson Farm Mine — No. 771 on Map IV.
On a branch of Little Kanawha River, 0.6 mile southeast of H Grove; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1930' B.
Pt. In.
Slate, dark
Coal 0' 11"
Shale, gray 0 11
Coal 1 10
Coal, bony 0 3
Coal 1 3
Coal, slaty 1 0 6 2
Slate, pavement
Moore and Gawthrop Farm Mine — No. 772 on Map IV.
On a branch of Little Kanawha Rlver 0.9 mile southeast of Grove; Lower Kittanning Coal; butts, N. E.; elevation, 1990' ]
Pt. In.
9. Slate, pavement, and concealed, to Homewood SanOctone 10
A sample was collected from Nos. 2, 4, and 6 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 772 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
A. A. Young Farm Mine— No. 773 on Map IV.
On a branch of Little Kanawha River, 1.2 miles southeast of Holly Grove; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2050' B.
ft. In.
Slate, dark
Coal 1' 9"
Coal, bony 0 11
Coal 1 4
Shale, gray 0 10
Coal, bony 0 10 6 8
Slate, pavement, and concealed, to Homewood
Sandstone 10 0
W. B. Sayre Farm Mine— No. 774 on Map IV.
On a branch of Little Kanawha River, 1.2 miles southeast of Holly Grove; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2040' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black :
Coal 3' I''
Slate, dark 0 3
Coal 1 2
Slate, bony 0 7
Coal 1 5 6 6
Slate, pavement, and concealed, to Homewood
Sandstone 15 0
P. R. Phillips Farm Mine— No. 775 on Map IV.
On a branch of Little Kanawha River, 1.6 miles southeast of Holly Grove; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2140' B.
Ft. In.
Coal r 8"
Coal, bony 1 1
Coal, soft 1 11
Slate, bony 0 7
Coal 2 1 7 4
Slate, pavement, and concealed, to Homewood
Sandstone cliff 8 0
West Virginia Geological Survey.
W. K. Johnson Farm Mine— No. 776 on Map IV.
On a branch of Little Kanawba Rirer, 1.5 miles southeast of I Grove; Lower KIttanning Coal; elevation, B.
Ft In.
Shale, dark 1 0
Coal 2 10
Slate, bony 0 2
Coal 1 1 6 1
Slate, pavement, and concealed, to Homewood
Sandstone 5 0
located on a branch of Little Kanawha River, 1 mile south of Holly Grove, was half full of water, but appeared to s! 4 to 5 feet of coal, its elevation being IQSC B.
Jason Carpenter Farm Mine — No. 778 on Map IV.
On the Little Kanawha River, 1.2 miles northeast of Gaines; L KIttanning Coal; elevation, 1845' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy 6 0
Coal 2' 3"
Slate, bony 0 6
Coal 2 0 4 9
Slate, pavement
J. C. Ogden Farm Mine— No. 779 on Map IV.
On a branch of Little Kanawha River, 1 mile east of Gaines; L KIttanning Coal; elevation, I860' B.
ft. In.
Coal 2' 6"
Slate, black, 0' IW to 0 4
Coal 2 2 5 0
The above opening had fallen shut, its section b' reported by a resident. ,
At Farm Mine No. 780 on Map IV, located on a bn of Little Kanawha River, 0.7 mile east of Gaines, the Lc KIttanning had once been mined by stripping at an eleva of 1835' B., but the place had fallen shut, its thickness reported as S feet.
Abram McDaniel Heirs Farm Mine — No. 781 on Map IV.
On Getout Run of Little Kanawha River, 2 miles northeast of Ca naan; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2195' B.
Ft In.
Shale, sandy, with streaks of coal 3 0
Coal V 0"
Shale, gray 0 8
Coal, soft 1 10
Coal, bony 0 6
Coal, soft 1 11 5 11
Slate, pavement
Herbert Bellingham Farm Mine— No. 782 on Map IV.
On the Little Kanawha River, at Canaan; Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2285' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive ,..
Coal r 8"
Coal, bony ,.0 4
Coal, reported 3 0 5 0
located on the ridge at the head of Middle Fork of Little Kanawha, 0.8 mile southwest of Craddock, had fallen partly shut, but the Lower Kittanning was reported 4 feet thick with a parting near the middle, the tidal elevation being B.
At the Nimrod Lake Farm Mine (No. 784 on Map IV), located on a branch of Right Fork of Little Kanawha River, 1 mile northwest of Cleveland, at an elevation of 1665' B., the Lower Kittanning measures 8' 4'' thick, with partings, as published in detail in the section for Cleveland, page 153.
The Lower Kittanning was once opened at Farm Mine No. 785 on Map IV, on Right Fork of Little Kanawha, 1.2 miles southwest of Eden, at an elevation of 2010' B., but had fallen shut, its thickness not being learned.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 623
Middle and Lower Kittanning CoalSf Leadsville District
Randolph.
In Leadsville District, the Middle and Lower Kittanning attain a fine development, being apparently both represented in one large thick bed that has been mined extensively on a commercial scale. The coal in this region has a low sulphur content that has made it valuable for coking purposes. The three following mines are located along Beaver Creek :
Davis Coal & Coke Co., Weaver Mine No. 1— No. 786 on
Map IV.
Locatel on Beaver Creek, at Weaver; Middle and Lower Kittan. ning Coals; elevation, 1970' B.
n. In.
Slate, black
Coal, soft 0' 7"
Slate, black 0 5
Coal, soft 0 9
Slate, black 1 10
Coal, bony 1 4
Coal, soft ,. . . 1 6
Fire clay, hard, sandy 0 5
Coal 0 7
Slate, black 0 2
Coal 3 8
Fire clay, gray 0 5
Coal, soft 1 3
Coal, bony, "knee deep" 1 1 14 0
Slate, pavement
"Principal office, Cumberland, Md.; daily capacity, 150 tons; 19 miners and 5 laborers employed; horse haulage; no butts or faces; greatest rise, southeast; coal shipped East for steam fuel; H. H. Harrison, Superintendent, authority for mine data."
Nearly all the coal has been mined from the above opening, the present work being confined to a few scattered blocks of coal. A sample submitted by Mr. H. Hirsh from the files
of the company shows the following analysis :
Per cent
Moisture 1.12
Volatile Matter 27.84
Fixed Carbon 60.05
Ash. ., 12.11
Sulphur 1.26
Davis Coal & Coke Co., Weaver Mine No. 2— No. 787 on
Map IV.
On Beaver Creek, at Wearer; Middle and Lower KIttannIng Coaia; elevation, 1980' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark
Coal, medium-hard 2' 8"
Slate, dark, 2" to 0 3
Coal, bony 0 8
Slate, dark 0 3
Coat, soft 3 3
Slate, dark 0 4
Coal, good, soft 1 3
Coal, bony, 'Imee deep" 1 0 9 8
Slate, pavement
"Principal office, Cumberland, Md.; daily capacity, 4&0 tons; 70 miners and 30 laborers employed; rope haulage; no butts or faces; greatest rise, southeast; coal shipped Bast for steam fuel; H. H. Harrison, Superintendent, authority for mine data/'
A sample collected from Weaver, and apparently from this opening, by A. P. Brady, and previously published in Volume page 512, under the name of Maryland Smoke less Coal Company, is given under Mine No. 787 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. A sample of coke from this mine, collected by Mr. Brady, shows the following
analysis, according to Hite :
Per cent.
Moisture , i 0.23
Volatile Matter 1.10
Fixed Carbon 82.25
Ash 16.42
Total 100.00
Sulphur 1.24
Phosphorus ' 0.021
A sample of coal from this mine, submitted by Mr. Hirsh,
shows the following:
Per cent.
Moisture 1.18
Volatile Matter 29.29
Fixed Carbon 59.76
Ash 10.95
Sulphur 1.77
The following is a mine formerly operated by W. H. Green, but now held by the Davis Coal and Coke Company :
ly froc shed it Smobof cob Iloinog
V.S.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 625
Davis Coal and Coke Co., Williette Mine— No. 788 on Map IV.
On Beaver Greek, 0.5 mile northeast of Weaver; Middle and Lower KIttanning CoaJs; elevation, 2000' B.
Ft. In.
"Principal office, Cumberland, Md.; daily capacity, 200 tons; dally output, 75 tons; 20 miners and 4 laborers employed; coal shipped East and West for steam and smithing purposes; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2 and 4 of section, in Room No. 1, off frst Right, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; John Condry, Superintendent, authority for mine data.*'
The composition of this sample is published under Mine No. 788 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Davis Colliery Company operates a large mining establishment at Harding, consisting of five openings delivering coal to the same tipple, and including 85 beehive coke ovens, with an output of 140 tons of coke daily. Measurements made at the various openings show the following :
Davis Colliery Co., Harding Mine (No. 2 Opening) — No. 789
on Map IV.
On a branch of Tygart Valley River, 0.3 mile north of Harding; Mi'JdIe and Lower KIttanning Coals; elevation, 1965' B.
Ft. In.
Shale ,
Coal, soft 3' 10"
Slate, gray 0 6
Coal, soft. ., 1 10
Slate, bony 0 11
Coal, bony 1 2 8 3
Slate, pavement
For production data, see No. 4 Opening.
Davis Colliery Co., Harding Mine (No. 3 Opening)— No. 790
on Map IV.
On a branch of Tygart Valley River, 0.6 mile northeast of Harding; Middle and Lower Kittanning Coals; elevation, 1965' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark
Coal, soft 3' 2"
Slate, dark 0 7
Coal, harder 1 5
Coal, bony 0 9 5 11
Slate, pavement
For production data, see next opening.
Davis Colliery Co., Harding Mine (No. 4 Opening) — No. 791
on Map IV.
On a branch of Tygart Valley River, 0.9 mile northeast of Harding; Middle and Lower KitUnnIng Coals; elevation, 1990' B.
Ft. In.
"Principal office, Elkins; daily capacity of five openings, 1000 tons; daily output, 600 tons; 65 miners and 37 laborers employed; electric haulage; coal used partly for coke and partly shipped East for steam fuel; butts, N. B.; faces, N. W.; greatest rise, southeast; sample collected from Nos. 4 and 6 of section by D. D. Teets, Jr.; A. C. Davis, Superintendent, authority for mine data."
The composition of this sample is published under Mine
No. 791 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
A sample of coke, taken from the cars in the yard by Teets,
shows the following analysis :
Per cent
Moisture 0.15
Volatile Matter 2,52
Fixed Carbon 82.13
Ash 15.20
Total 100.00
Sulphur 1.09
Phosphorus 0.018
West Virginia Geological Survey. 627
Davis Colliery Co., Harding Mine (No. 5 Opening) — No. 792
on Map IV.
On a branch of Tygart Valley River, 0.9 mile northeast of Harding; Middie and Lower Kittanning Coals; elevation, 2045' B.
Pt. In.
For production data, see Opening No. 4.
The section as given above reveals the full thickness of the coals as they occur in this vicinity, Nos. 6 to 9, inclusive, being the portion usually mined.
Davis Colliery Co., Harding Mine (No. 1 Opening) — No. 793
on Map IV.
On a branch of Tygart Valley River, 0.6 mile northeast of Harding; Middle and Lower Kittanning Coals; elevation, 1995' B.
Pt. In,
Slate, black, with a few streaks of coal
Coal, soft 3' 8"
Slate, gray 0 4
Coal, soft 3 7
Slate, dark 0 5
Coal, soft 1 2
Coal, bony 0 8 9 10
Slate, pavement
For production data, see Opening No. 4.
A section measured at the fan house shows the following :
No. 794 on Map IV.
On a branch of Tysart Valley River. 0.6 mile northeast of Harding; Middle and Lower Kittanning Coals; eleratlon, 2000" B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandj
Coal 0' S"
Slate, dark 0 4
Coal 0 4
Slate, dark, soft 1 9
Coal, soft 3 10
Slate, dark, hard 0 4
Coal, soft 3 6
Slate, dark 0 4
Coal, soft 1 6
Coal, bony 1 O 13 i
Slate, pavement
A section measured at an air-hole toward the east edge of this group of mines shows the following:
Davis Colliery Co., Harding Mine (Air-Hole of No. 1 Opening)—No. 795 on Map IV.
On a branch of Tygart Valley River, 1.2 miles northeast of Harding; Middle and Lower KitUnning Coals; elevation, 2155' B.
Ft In.
Shale, sandy
Slate, dark, cannelly 1 4
Shale, dark 1 6
Coal 0' 11"
Slate, dark 0 1
Coal, soft 2 6
Bone, 1" to 0 3
Coal, soft 3 6
Slate, dark 0 2
Coal, soft 1 10 9 3
Slate, pavement
A former measurement made at the Harding Mine by A. P. Brady is published in Volume pages 510-511, together with analyses of the coal and coke from the same, under the name of Junior Coal Company. Information is not available to show which opening Mr. Brady visited.
The following table of coke analyses from the Harding Mines was furnished Teets over the signature of E. H. May, Chemist :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 629
Sample No. 2865 2866 2867 2868 2869 2870
Moisture 0.30 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.60 0.20
Volatile Matter 0.91 0.98 1.30 1.25 1.40 1.30
Fixed Carbon 86.79 84.12 84.65 84.45 83.60 83.80
Ash 12.00 14.80 13.75 14.20 14.40 14.70
Totals 100.00 100.00 100,00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Sulphur 1.30 1.22 1.38 1.30 1.53 1.24
Samples Nos. 2865-2869, inclusive, 48-hour foundry coke. Sample No. 2870, 72-hour foundry coke.
Middle and Lower Kittanning CoalSj Roaring Creek
District Randolph.
In Roaring Creek District, the Middle and Lower Kittanning have been mined extensively along Roaring Creek, where they combine to form one large seam, 8 to 10 feet thick. In the western portion of the District, toward Upshur County, they are separated by an interval of several feet of shale, slate, and sandstone, and the two beds have deteriorated individually, with the result that they have been mined in that region only for local domestic use.
At the northern end of the District, the coal has been opened at Farm Mine No. 796 on Map IV, on the Tygart River, 0.2 mile south of Findley, where it has a total thickness of 9' 0", as shown in detail in the section for Findley, page 164, the elevation being 2085' B. At the Coal and Coke Railway Exposure (No. 797 on Map IV), located on Laurel Run, 0.9 mile north of Loop Station, showed 5 to 6 feet of coal and slate, at an elevation of 21 lO' B. The following exposure was noted at the east portal of the Kingsville Tunnel :
Coal and Coke Railway Exposure— No. 798 on Map IV.
On Little Laurel Run of Tygart Valley River, 0.8 mile southeast
of Kingsville Station; Middle and Lower Kittanning Coals; elevation, 2195' B.
Ft In.
Coal, Middle Kittanning 3 0
Shale, sandy 8 0
Slate, dark 6 0
Coal, streak. Clarion 0 6
Sandstone, to grade 10 0
located on Big Laurel Run, 1.1 miles northeast of Pumpkintown, at an elevation of 2275' B., had partly fallen shut, but the Lower Kittanning Coal was reported 7 feet thick, only 3 feet being visible. The following opening shows the Middle Kittanning on the same farm :
John Higgins Farm Mine— No. 800 on Map IV.
On Big Laurel Run, 1.2 miles northeast of Pumpkintown; Middle Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2310' B.
Ft. In.
Coal bioMom and black slate
Coal, canneUy 0' 10"
Coal, soft 2 0
Coal, bony 1 2
Coal, soft 1 4 6 4
Slate, pavement
Several openings have been made along the Tygart Valley River between Leiter and Roaring Creek Junction. The fol lowing is a new mine, recently opened for railroad shipment
Davis Colliery Company, Sivad No. 5B Mine — No. 801 on
Map IV.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.8 mile southwest of Harding; Mid. die and Lower Kittanning Coals; elevation, 2020' B.
Ft. In.
"Principal office, Elklns; daily capacity, 150 tons; dally output, 50 tons; 5 miners and 3 laborers employed; horse haulage; greatest rise, west; sample collected in Main Heading, 150 feet from mine mouth, from Nos 2, 4, and 6 of section, by D. D. Teets, Jr. ; Leslie Wilmoth. Superintendent, authority for mine data."
The composition of this sample is published under Mine No. 801 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter
West Virginia Geological Survey. 63 1
Davis ColKcry Company, Sivad No. 5 Mine— No. 802 on
Map IV.
On the Tygart Valley River. 0.3 mile west of Harding; Middle and .ower Klttanning Coals; elevation, 1990' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark
Coal, soft 1' 11"
Slate, black 0 4
Coal, soft 0 4
Slate, black 0 6
Coal, soft 3 1
Slate, black 0 6
'Coal 1 8 8 4
Slate, pavement
The coal has been opened on the Tygart Valley River, just northwest of Roaring Creek Junction, at the Davis Colliery Company No. 5 Mine (No. 803 on Map IV), known as the "Coaling Station", and being a southern outlet for the No. S Mine and used to wagon coal to the village of Roann Creek Junction. Here the coal exhibits a thickness of 6' 7", as published in detail in the section for Roaring Creek Junction, page 166, its elevation being ZOSC B.
Davis Colliery Company, Sivad No. 2 Mine— No. 804 on
Map IV.
On Grassy Run, 0.7 mile south of Roaring Creek Junction; Middle and Lower Klttanning Coal; elevation, 2030' B.
Ft. In.
'Principal office, Elkins; daily capacity, 450 tons; daily output, 300 tons; 40 miners and 12 laborers employed; coal principally shipped Elast for domestic and steam fuel; greatest rise, south; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4, 6, and 8 of section, in Room No. 2 ofF 2nd Right,, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; Leslie Wilmoth, Superintendent, authority lor mine data."
The composition of this sample is published under Mine No. 804 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The coal is mined exclusively along Roaring Creek, where it attains a fine development, the creek valley being almost coincident with the axis of the Belington Syncline, and thus affording ideal locations for mines. The following opening was one of the original farm mines that were used for local fuel prior to the commercial development :
Edwin Scott Farm Mine — No. 805 on Map IV.
On Roaring Creek, 0.6 mile southeast of Roaring Creek Junction; Middle and Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 2060' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black, cannel 1 6
Shale, dark 1 0
Coal, soft 3' 2"
Coal, bony 0 6
Coal, soft 3 1
Slate, dark 0 7
Coal, medium-hard 1 5 8 8
Slate, pavement
The following exposure was noted along the Coal and Coke Railway grade:
Coal and Coke Railway Exposure — No. 806 on Map IV.
On Roaring Creek, at the west edge of Coalton; Middle and Lower Kittanning Coals; elevation, 2175' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy 15 0
Slate, black, bony 1 6
Slate, dark 1 6
Coal, soft 3' 3"
Slate, dark 0 2
Coal, soft 3 2 6 7
Shale, gray, and concealed 2 0
Sandstone, shaly 10 0
Concealed to creek 16 0
The Davis Colliery Company operates a large coal mine iind coke yard at Coalton, the coal being handled from a central tipple that serves the openings on either side of the small branch of Roaring Creek on which they are located. These mines are located almost on the axis of the Belington Syn-dine
, which affords an ideal mining; structure. The following measurements were made m these mines :
Davis Colliery Co., Coalton Mine No. 1 (No. 3 Opening) — No. 807 on Map IV.
On tbe north side ol a branch of Roaring Creek, at Coalton; Middle and Lower KltUnnlng Coate; elevation, 2190' B,
Ft. In.
2. Top coal, bony 0' 10 "
"Principal ollice, Elkins; daily capacity (for both openings), 2000 tons; daily output, 1000 tons; 114 miners and 4G laborers employed; electric baulage; coal used partly tor coke and partly shipped East and West for steam and domestic fuel; butts, N. 86° E.; faces N, 6° W.; greatest rise, southwest and southeast; sample collected from Nos. 2, 4, 6, and S of section in Room No. 31, on 2nd Right, by D. D. Teets, Jr.; Joseph Hoylman, Superintendent, authority for mine data."
The composition of this sample is published under Mine No. 807 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The following interesting measurement was secured at the opening south of the stream, the section of the main coal bed being made in the Gassaway Heading of the mine, while the lower strata were observed immediately below the mouth of the mine, next to the railroad track:
Davis Colliery Co., Coalton Mine No. 1 fNoa. 1 and 2 Openings)—No. 808 on Map IV.
Second black slate, laminated
First black slate, cannel bone
Shale, gray
Coal, bony 0 "1
Coal, sott 2 2% I Middle and Lower
Slate, dark 0 0% I Kittanning
Slate, dark 0 4
Coal, soft 1 0 j
Ft. In.
18. Coal, medium-hard, with lenticular streaks
of slate. Upper Clarion 2 8
hard V i" Lower Clarion... 3 11
18. Slate, pavement, at railroad grade
For production data, see Opening No. 3.
The above section reveals two coals of considerable thickness between the Lower Kittanning and the Homewood Sandstone which belongs only a few feet below drainage at this point. It is barely possible that the main bed that is mined, Nos. 4-9 of section, represents only the Middle Kittanning and that coal No. 13 of section should be called the true Lower Kittanning instead of Upper Clarion, as named.
The company has 250 beehive coke ovens, only 175 of which were in blast at the time of the writer's visit, the daily coke output being 400 tons. The coke is extracted with a Covington Machine. The company has kindly furnished the following analyses of coal and coke from these mines, the coal analyses being by E. H. May, and the coke analyses by F. S. Johnson, chemists:
Coalton Mines, Coal Analyses.
Sample No. 12 3 2510 2511 2512 2513
Moisture 0.30 0.45 0.50 1.35 1.32 1.17 1.50
Volatile Matter 29.70 30.80 31.15 29.92 30.44 31.33 27.60
Fixed Carbon 58.50 58.85 55.55 57.93 58.15 57.20 61.05
Ash 11.50 10.90 12.80 10.80 10.09 10.30 9.85
Totals 100.00 101.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Sulphur 1.53 1.49 1.62 1.84 2.27 2.03 1.70
Sample No. 1, from Room 29 off 1st Left, off Heading 46, No. 1 Opening. Sample No. 2, from 1st Left Heading, off Heading 46, No. 1 Opening. Sample tJo. 3, from Room 3, oft Air-Course 28.
Sample No. 2510, from Room 21, off 1st Right Heading. No. 3 Opening. Sample No. 2511, from Room 26, off 1st Right Heading, No. 3 Opening. Sample No. 2512, from Room 31, off 2nd Right Heading, No. 3 Opening. Sample No. 2513, from Room 24, off 2nd Right Heading, No. 3 Opening.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 635
Coalton Mines, Coke Analyses.
Sample Mo. 1 2 2836 2837 2838
Moisture 0.33 0.43 0.14 0.22 0.20
Volatile Matter 0.95 1.02 1.13 0.95 0.80
Fixed Carbon 83.20 82.68 81.88 82.06 82.60
Ash 16.52 15.87 16.85 16.77 16.40
Totals 100.00 100.00 100. 00 100.00 100.00
Sample No. 1, average for the month of October, 1915. Sample No. 2, average for the month of November, 1915. Sample No. 2836, furnace coke, taken April 15, 1916. Sample No. 2837, furnace coke, taken April 15, 1916. Sample No. 2838, furnace coke, taken April 15, 1916.
One of the above mines was once examined and sampled by A. P. Brady and the results published in Volume page 513, and an interesting section made by Dr. White at the same place is published in the same volume, page 514.
The following mine, now abandoned, was located in the same vicinity:
W. H. Green, Leroy Mine— No. 809 on Map IV.
On Roaring Creek, 0.5 mile southwest of Coalton; Middle and Lower KKtanning Coals; elevation, 2330' B.
Ft. In.
Coal, bony, thickness concealed
Coal, soft 2' 11"
Slate, dark 0 2
Coal, soft 3 3
Shale, gray 0 3
Coal, soft 1 7 8 2
Slate, pavement, and concealed to Homewood
8andstone 35 0
Two commercial mines are in operation ia the vicinitj of Mabie, showing the following sections :
A. Spates Brady Mine— No. 810 on Map IV.
On Roaring Creek, 0.7 mile northeast of Mabie; Middle and Lower KIttannIng Coala; elevation, 2265' B.
Ft. In.
2. Coal, bony 0' 11 "
Coal i -
Slate 0 4
Coal 1 1014 .
"Principal office, Piedmont; coal owned by McMillen Brothers; daily capacity, 500 tons; daily output, 300 tons; 50 mlnerH and 10 laborers employed; coal shipped Hast and West tor steam and domestic fuel; greatest rise, southweBt; sample collected In Room ott 2nd Lett by D, D. Teets, Jr.; F. M. OtTutt, Superintendent, authority for mine
The composition of this sample is published under Mine No. 810 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter
The mining section, as secured at the working fact, dncs not show the entire section of the coal, the followinj; measurement having been obtained at the mine mouth:
Shale, sandy
Coal 2'
Slate, dark 1
Coat, hard 1
Coal, soft 2
Slate, black 0
Goaf, aoCt 3
Slate, dark 0
Coal, soft 1
Slate, pavement
J. B. Jenkins Coal & Coke Co. Mine— No. 811 on Map IV.
On Roaring Creek, 0.3 mile south ot Mable; Middle and Lower Klttanning Coala; elefatlon, 2320' B. 14
Ft. In,
2. Coal, bony, visible 0' 9 "
fi. Slate 0 4
"Principal ofBce. Buffalo. N. Y.; dally capacity. 600 tons: dally output. 300 to 400 Ions; 40 miners and 15 laborers employed; electric haulage; coal shipped East and West; butts, N. 84° E.; faces, N, 6° W.;
greatest rise, southweBt; sample collected In Room No. 7, oft 3rd Left, by D. D. TeetB, Jr.; I. T. Fallon, Superintendent, authority for mine data."
The composition of this sample is published under Mine No, 811 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Some other prospects and farm openings have been made farther south along the Belington Syncline, the following being noted :
Davis Colliery Company Prospect — No. 812 on Map IV.
On a branch of flatbueh Fork of Roaring Greek, 0.2 mile Boutheaet of Pumpklntown ; Lower KIttanning Coal; elevation, 2465' B
Ft. In.
' Slate, dark
CMl 1' 3"
Coal, bony 0 10
Coal, soft 2 8 4 9
Slate, pavement
Arnold and Goff Farm Mine — No. 813 on Map IV.
On Roaring Creek, 1.4 mllea sontb of Mable; Middle and Lower KIttanning Coal; elevation, 2435' B.
Ft. In.
Concealed
Coal 2 -
Slate, black 0 1'
Coal, soft 1 0
Bone, 0" to 0 2
Coal, soft 1 10%
Slate, dark .0 B
Coal, soft 1 5 7 2
Slate, pavement
A few Openings have been made on the waters of Middlt Fork River in Roaring Creek District, the following having been noted:
Coal and Coke Railway Exposure — No. 814 on Map IV.
Sandstone, massive, East Lyni
Ft. In.
CmI IT
Slate, gray 0 S
Coal 1 0 6
Slate, dark 4 0
Coal I 0
Shale, dark 8 0
Coal, slaty 0 6
Slate, dark, to grade 6 0
The two following openings were noted by Teets along Hell Run:
Joseph Bliny Farm Mine— No. 815 on Map IV.
On Hell Run, 0.9 mile northweBt ot Klagsvllle; Lower KIttanning Coal; elevation, 2S36' B.
Sandstone, masBlTe
Coal 0' 10"
Slate, dark 2 4
Coal, visible 1 6 4 8
Hamilton Marldey Farm Mine — No. 816 on Map IV.
On Hell Run, 0.2 mile southwest of KlngsTllle; Low*r KIttanning Coat; elevation, 2250' B.
m. In
Sandstone, roof
Coal 1' 0"
Coal, bony 0 10
Coal, soft 1 4
Slate 0 9
Coal 0 6 4 E
Slate, pavement
The Lower Kittanning was once opened at the Wilbur Kimble Farm Mine (No. 817 on Map IV), on Kettle Run, 2.6 miles southeast of Gale, at an elevation of 2440* B., but the opening had fallen shut and its thickness was not learned.
Middle and Lower KIttanning Coals, Middle Fork Dittriet, Randolph.
In Middle Fork District, the Lower KIttanning Coal covers a few high hills east of Middle Fork River in the region of Cassity Fork. The G. A. Newlon Heirs Prospect (No. 818
on Map IV), located on a branch of Cassity Fork, 2.6 miles east of Cassity, at an elevation of 2650' B., had fallen shut, but according to R. O. Zirkle the coal measured 6' 6", with 1 inch of slate near the top of the seam. No other openings were observed.
Qaantity of Middle and Lower Kittanning Coals Available.
In addition to the coal openings described on the preceding pages, the accompanying table shows a list of oil and gas wells that record the Lower Kittanning in the regions where its horizon is under drainage. Lists of the diamond drill borings showing its thickness have already been published, pages 397-8 and 414. Another table is added showing the probable amount of this coal by magisterial districts, the areal extent of which was measured with planimeter by Tucker according to the surface and underground areas outlined for it on Maps II and IV and Figure 10. The estimated thickness includes the total to be derived from both the Middle and Lower Kittanning, whether occurring as one large bed or as two separate seams.
List of Oil and Gas Wells Recording Lower Kittanning Coal.
Name of Well.
Barbour County:
T. O. Martin No. I
E. D. Talbott Hra. No. 2. Upshur County:
Isaac S. Reger No. 1
Wm. Post No. 1
J. F. Gould Heirs No. 2. . Louvlna Llnper No. 1...
. Green No. 1
John Smith No. 1
J. Lewie No. 1
Jamea No. 1
h & Green No. 1...
Ruraldale, 2.1 ml. W.. Buckbannon, 3 ml. N..
Abbott, 1.7 ml. N
Abbott, 1.6 ml. N. E,..
Abbott, 1.3 mi. N
Atlas. 2,5 ml. S. W. . . . Abbott, 1.6 mt N. E... Abbott. 1.4 ml. N. W... Abbott, 1.3 ml. N
il076B I ,J1410B|
14E0B1 495 6
13Seb1 490 2
. IGOST.j 468 4
I1285Bi 348 S
Coal.
Probable Amount of Middle and Lower Kittanning Coal.
Counties by Districts.
Cq
0 p
p
M a
20fe
H
m
Sq
So
Barbour: Pleasant Union .. Philippl Cove . . . Gla4e ... Barker . VaUey .
Totals ,242. 05| 154,912j27,228,833.280| 1,089,153,330
Upshur:
Warren
Buckhannon . .
Union
Meade
Washington . . Banks
Randolph:
Leadsville
Roaring Creek . . Middle Fork
Totals
I- 4,829,932.8001 193,197,312
+
Totals for Area |519.10| 2,374,347,570
Clarion Coal.
The Clarion Coal, sometimes occurring 20 to 30 feet below the Lower Kittanning, is found in all three counties, but in a few localities only. It has been previously discussed in Chapter VII, page 262, and its crop is shown on Maps II and IV in those regions where it is of possible minable thickness. It is a multiple-bedded seam, varying in thickness from 1 to 10 feet, a considerable proportion of the latter thickness bein slate, whenever the bed attains such a development. It has been mined commercially at a few points but always at a great disadvantage, owing to the slate that must be removed. Figure 11 shows its possible areal extent as a minable seam.
r
VSlJ'f
it
m
h4
s
y.
Clarion Coal Union District Barbour.
In Union District, the following opening was noted by Teets :
George Street Heirs Farm Mine— No. 818A on Map 11.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.5 mile southwest of Adma; Clarion Coal; butts, S. W W.; eleyation, 1705' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, pebbly. Clarion, visible 15 0
Coal, soft 2' 6"
Slate, dark 1 1
Coal, soft 0 6
Shale 0 5
Coal, harder, visible 2 9 7 2
Clarion CoaU Philippi District Barbour.
In Philippi District, the Clarion Coal was once opened at the Laurel Coal Company Prospect (No. 819 on Map II), on
the Tygart Valley River, 0.6 mile northeast of Arden, its elevation being 1315' B., and its distance below the Lower Kittanning 15 feet. The old prospect had fallen shut and its thickness was not learned. Another prospect farther up the Tygart Valley shows the following:
Grafton Fuel Company Prospect — No. 820 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.4 mile north of Lillian; Clarion Coal; elevation, 1331' L.
Ft. In.
Slate, black
Coal 0' 10"
Slate, bony 0 4
Coal 3 3 4 5
Slate, pavement
The coal at this point is 30 feet, hand-level, below the Lower Kittanning.
At Adma Station it was once operated at the H. M. Crawford & Company Mine (No. 821 on Map II), where, as exhibited in the section for Adma, page 100, it is 7' 8" thick, with partings, at an elevation of 1715' B. The mine is now
inactive, but it was once sampled by Ray V. Hennen and the results published in Volume page 516, under the title of Pennsylvania Coal and Mining Company. The composition of the sample is published in the present report under Mine No. 821 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. In Volume this mine is classified under the Lower Kittanning Coal, but the writer is of the opinion that it is the Clarion Coal because, primarily, its interval of 175 feet above the base of the great pebbly and unmistakable Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone is too small to place it at the Lower Kittanning horizon, and secondly, because another coal is found 55 feet above it in the same hill (Mine No, 585) that represents the true Lower Kittanning at its usual interval above the base of the conglomerate, and lastly, because ot ita great similarity to the Clarion Coal as shown by the Davis Coal and Coke Company Prospect (No. 833 on Map IV), which is visible at Weaver at an interval of about 50 feet below the Lower Kittanning.
The following is another prospect in the same coal :
H. M. Crawford and Company Prospect — No. 822 on Map IL
On the Tygart Valley Rlvpf, 0,3 mile northeast of Adma Station; Clarion Coal; elevation, 1726' B.
rt In.
Sasilnlone. massive, pebbly, Clarton, visible. . . 10 0
Coal, medluin-Boft. 1' 0" to 1' 6"
Slate, gray, 0' 1" to 1 8
Coal, medium-soft 2 10
Coal, slaty 0 6
Coal, medium-soft 0 9
Slate, gray 0 3
Coal, medium-sort 0 7
Coal, slaty 0 7 8 6
Slate, gray, pavement
Clarion Coal, Barker Distriety Barbour.
In barker District, the Clarion Coal is above drainage along the Tygart Valley River along both flanks of the Hiram Anticline and it has been prospected and mined at a few points.
This coal is opened at the H. M, Crawford and Company Mine (No. 823 on Map II), at Clements, on the Tygart Valley River, the mine having an elevation of 1752' L., and showing a total thickness of 3", with partings, as given in detail in the section for Clements, page 110. The composition of a sample from this opening, as taken by Teets, is published under Mine No. 823 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. This mine was idle at the time it was visited by Teets and the writer, but has since been put in operation.
A prospect made in the same vicinity shows the following :
H. H. Crawford & Company Prospect — No. 824 on Map II
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.3 mile oortbeaet ot Clemento; Clarion Coal; elevation, 17B0' B.
Ft. la
Concealed and shale 10 0
Sandstone, maaslTe, Clarion 10 0
Coal, soft 2' 4"
Slate, dark-Kray, OH" to 0 1
Coal 0 9
Shale, gray. 2' 0' to 0 6
Coal, ylfltble 1 6 S
Coal, tblcknesB concealed by water, and concealed to Upper ConnoqueneMing Sandstone 3B 0
Clarion Coal, Valley District, Barbour.
Only a few exposures of the Clarion were noted in Valley District, the following being reported by Teets :
On Zebs Creek, of Tygart Valley, the George Thorn Farm Mine (No. 825 on Map II), located 1.7 miles southwest of Junior, showed 1' 9" of coal at an elevation of 1825' B.
D. C. Carpenter Farm Mine — No. 826 on Map II.
On Zebs Creek, IS miles Boutbwest o( Junior; Clarion Coal; elevation, 1845' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive. Clarion, visible 15 ' 0
Slate, with plant fossils 1 1
Coal, hard 0' 6 '
Slate, gray 0 Oi
Coal 0 5%
Cal 0 5 1 6
Slate, pavement
Frank Wiseman Farm Mine — No. 827 on Map II.
Od a branch of Middle Fork River, 2.1 milea southeast of Swamp Run; Clarion Coal; elevation, 1920' B.
PL In.
Sandstone, roof
Coal, aoft 0' 6"
Coal, bony 0 4
Coal, soft 1 6
Coal, bony 0 8
Coat 0 6 3 8
Clarion Coal, Union District, Upshur.
In Union District, the Clation Coal was noted by Teets at the Woi. Moreland Farm Mine (No. 828 on Map IV), on Sand Run, 0.8 mile south of Wentz Ford, occurring here at an elevation of 1400' B., and being 26 feet below the Lower Kiltanning. The opening had fallen shut, its tHickness ii' being reported.
Clarion Coal, Washington District, Upshur.
The Clarion Coal was noted in Washington District at two localities, as follows :
Coal and Coke Railway Exposure — No. 829 on Map IV.
On the Buckhannon River, 0.1 mile north ot Ours Mill; Clarion Coal; elevation, 1E26' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy 15 0
Limestone, siliceous 1 0
Shale, sandy 7 0
Shale, dark 3 0
Sandstone, flaRKy, Clarion 24 0
Shale, to grade 1 0
Coal.
The second locality* was at the Coal and Coke Raflway Exposure (No. 830 on Map IV), at the east portal of the Sand Pun Tunnel, on Sand Run, as shown in detail by the section for Sand Run, page 140, the Clarion Coal was 9" thick, at an elevation of 1988' L., being 23 feet below the Lower Kittanning.
Clarion Coal Banks Districtj Upshur.
In Banks District, the Clarion was noted near the head of the Little Kanawha River. At Coal Exposure No. 831 on Map IV, located on the Little Kanawha River, 1.2 miles northeast of Gaines, the coal is visible as a heavy blossom in the road at an elevation of 1825' B. The J. C. Ogden Farm Mine (No. 832 on Map IV), located on a branch of the Little Kanawha, 0.9 mile east of Gaines, had fallen shut and could not be measured, but the coal was reported 3 feet thick. Here it had been mined by stripping at an elevation of 1835' B., being 2: feet below the. Lower Kittanning.
Clarion Coal Leadsville District j Randolph.
In Leadsville District, the following prospect has recently been opened showing the Clarion at its maximum development, being, as usual, full of slate partings:
Davis Coal and Coke Company Prospect — No. 833 on Map IV.
On Beaver Creek, at Weaver; Clarion Coal ; elevation, 1970' B.
Pt. In.
Sandstone, somewhat flaggy, grayish-white. Clarion, visible 20 0
Coal, soft 2' 0"
Coal, bony 0 5
Fire clay, sandy, dark-gray 1 7
Coal, cannel, partly bone 0 6
Fire clay, dark-gray, soft 1 0
Coal, good 1 9
Fire clay, grayish-white, 2" to 0 4
Coal, bony, with streaks of slate in
center 0 5
Fire clay, dark-gray 0 11
Coal, soft 0 3
Fire clay, dark 0 8
Coal, soft, slaty 1 7 11 5
Slate, pavement
The coal here occurs at an estimated interval of 50 to 60 feet below the Lower Kittanning which has been mined in the hill above it, the rise of the rocks making an accurate measurement between the two seams impossible.
Clarion Coal, Roaring Creek District, Randolph.
In Roaring Creek District, the Clarion was observed at a few points, being usually too thin and slaty to be of much value. It was once mined commercially at Leiter, but the place was abandoned owing to the large amount of slate. A measurement made by Teets at this old mine shows the following :
Davis Coal and Coke Co., Letter Mine (Abandoned) — No. 834 on Hap IV.
On the Tygart Valley RWer, 0.3 mile south of lller; Clarion Coal; elevation, 2026' B.
Ft. In.
Shale
CobI, crappy 1' 6"
Slate, blBck 0 10
Coal 1 2
Slate, bony 0 8
Coal 0 1
Slate, dark 0 9
Coal 2 8
Shale, gray 0 10
Coal, soft, Tlalble 1 3 9 9
A sample was once collected from this mine and published in Bulletin 2, page 300, of the Survey, under the name of Maryland Smokeless Coal Company. It is published in the present Report under Mine No. 834 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The coal is exposed at several points along the Coal and Coke Railway grade west of Leiter, usually occurring from 10 to 20 feet below the Lower Kittanning. At the Coal and Coke Railway Exposure (No. 835 on Map IV), on Little Laurel Run of Tygart Valley River, 0.8 mile northwest of Loop Station, the coal varies from 1 to 3 feet, its elevation being 2080* B. At the Coal and Coke Railway Exposure (No.
836 on Map IV), on Little Laurel Run, 1 mile northwest of Loop Station, the coal is 0" thick, its elevation being 2015' B. At the Coal and Coke Exposure (No. 837 on Map IV), on the same run, 1 mile northwest of Loop Station, it is 4 feet thick, at an elevation of 2135' B, The following exposure shows its relationship to the Lower Kittanning :
Coal and Coke Railway Exposure — No. 838 on Map IV.
On Little Laurel Run. 1 mile west ot Loop Station; ClaHftn Cal; elevation, 2146' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, masBlve, Eaat Lynn 10 0
Shale, sandf and dark 5 0
Shate, dark and sandy, to grade 10 0
Qaantity of Clarion Coal Available.
In addition to the coal openings described on the preceding pages, the accompanying table shows a list of oil and gas wells that record the Clarion Coal in the regions where its horizon is under drainage. Its presence is also recorded in a few of the diamond drill borings published on previous pages of this Chapter. Another table is added showing the probable amount of this coal by magisterial districts, the real extent of which was measured with planimeter by Tucker according to the surface and underground areas outlined for it on Maps II and IV and Figure 11.
List of Oil and Gas Wells Recording Clarion Coal.
Name of Weii
, ga.
I Upahur County: i I
41 Isaac 9. Reger No. 1 Ruraldale, 2.1 mi. W... 107EBi 652|
STA'Smlth & Gi-een No. 1 Ubbott. 1.3 ml. N I12S5BI 370]
Probable Amount of Clarion Coal.
Cfiuntlea by DiBtrlcta.
ft
if
m
Brbour:
g 22.20
Hmo
Up.hur:
Washington
Roaring Creek
S
Totals. . Totals for Area. .
I 30.00| 19,200| 2,090,8So,000| 83,635,200
Minable Coals Of The Pottsville Series, Kanawha Group.
Upper Mercer Coal.
The Upper Mercer Coal, previously discussed in Chapter VIII, page 269, and shown by outcrop Hnes on Maps II and IV in those regions where it is of possible minable thickness, is of value principally in southern Upshur and western Randolph, In Barbour, it is found at outcrop or in borings at a tew points along the Tygart Valley and a few openings have been made east of the Belington Syncline, where the Pottsville Series outcrops along the foot of the Laurel Ridge. This coal horizon, like the Clarion, is patchy, and uncertain, often containing too much slate and bone to permit of successful' mining and often being absent entirely from the measures. It has furnished a considerable amount of domestic fuel but has not been mined commercially. Figure 12 shows its probable areal extent.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 65 1
Upper Mercer CoaU Union District Barbour.
In Union District, a coal is visible at Exposure No. 839 on Map II, on the Tygart Valley River, 0.1 mile south of Tygart Junction, and just southeast of the ifiouth of Buckhannon River, that, as shown in detail by the section for Tygart Junction, page 99, is 2' 4" thick, coming just below the Homewood Sandstone, and at an elevation of 1335' L., which apparently correlates with the Upper Mercer. It was not observed elsewhere in the District
Upper Mercer Coaly Philippi District Barbour.
In Philippi District, the Upper Mercer was not observed at outcrop, but the diamond drill boring made at Arden, published in connection with the section for that place, page 96, records 7' 10" of slate and coal, coming 94' 11" below the Lower Kittanning which is mined just above the top of the boring. This would represent the Upper' Mercer. Coal. It is also reported to have been prospected on the west side of the Tygart Valley about one mile below Arden, where access could be had to it at times of low water, having much the same thickness as in the boring.
Upper Mercer Coalj Glade District Barbour.
Two openings in the Upper Mercer were observed in Glade District at the foot of Laurel Ridge, as follows :
Bishop Heirs Farm Mine — No. 840 on Map II.
On Teter Creek, 1.8 miles north of Kirt; Upper Mercer Coal; elevaUon, 1740' B.
Ft. m.
Sandstone, massive, make falls In Teter Creek.
at old mill, Homewood 25 0
Shale, sandy 10 0
Coal, soft, with sulphur bands 3' 2"
Coal, bony 0 4 3 6
Slate, pavement
A. J. Harm Fann Mine No, 841 on Map IL
Ob Teter Creole, U miles tooth of Kirt; Upper Mcroer Cai;
Fl In.
Coal r 10-
Coal, harder, bony 1 0 5 10
Upper Mercer Coalj Barker District Barbamr.
In Barker District, the following opening represents the Upper Mercer, although its location is against the steep structural slope of the Laurel Ridge, making the correlation somewhat doubtful:
Joseph Fishwater Farm Mine— No. 842 on Map IL
On Hunter Fork of Sugar Creek, 3.2 miles northeast of Beiinstoo; Upper Mercer Coal; elevation, 2105' B.
PL In,
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, Homewood
Slate, sandy, C 0" to 2 0
Coal, Blaty 0 5 1 5
Slate, pavement
Upper Mercer CoaU Union District Upshur.
In Union District, scattered blossoms of the Upper Mercer were observed, the following being the only opening where a measurement could be secured, according to Teets :
Charles E. Hiner Farm Mine— No. 843 on Map IV.
On Left Pork of Sand Run, 1.7 miles southeast of OverhiU; Upper Mercer Coal; elevation, 1706' B.
Ft In.
Slate
Coal 0' 3"
Coal, bony 0 5
Coal, soft 1 10
Slate 0' 1"
Coal, bonr 0 2
Coal, medium-hard 4 0 6 9
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 843 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Upper Mercer Coal, Meade District, Upshar.
In Meade District, the Upper Mercer Coal was observed at a few points along the Buckhannon River, being usually slaty and impure, the following being noted:
At the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Coal Exposure (No. 844 on Map IV), located 0.2 mile northwest of Ours Mill, a coal is visible in the railroad cut, 1' 0" thick, at an elevation of HZC B., being 64 feet, hand-level, below the Lower Kittanning, and apparently representing the Upper Mercer although the presence of a thick bed of hint iVe clay just below it might indicate that the latter would represent the Mount Savage, or possibly the Hammond Fire Clay, and if so, the coal belongs at a higher horizon.
The following exposure was obtained at the well-known "Hanging Rock":
Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Exposure — No. 845 on Map IV.
On the Buckhannoa River, 0.6 mile southeast o[ Oura Mill; Upper Mercer Coal; elevation, 1495' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, "Hanging Rock", Homewood 50 0
Slate, black 15 0
Coal, bony 1' 6"
Coal, soft 1 0
Slate, black 2 0
Coal 0 8 5 2
Pire clay, to grade 3 0
Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Exposure— No. 846 on Map IV.
On the Buckhannon River, 0.6 mile northwest of Tenmile; Upper Mercer Coal; elevation, 1600' B.
Pt In.
Sandstone, massive, Homewood 50 0
Slate, black 10 0
Coal 0' 4"
Slate, black, bony 1 1
Coal 0 6
Slate, black 0 3
Coal, bony 0 10 3 0
Slate, dark, to grade
Upper Mercer Coaly Washington District j Upshur.
In Washington District, a few openings have been made in the Upper Mercer, principally along the Middle Fork River and its tributaries. The Blaine Koon Farm Mine (No. 847 on Map IV), located on a branch of Right Fork of Middle Fork, 0.5 mile southwest of Queen, was reported 3' 4" thick, only 2' 6" being visible at the time it was examined by Teets, the tidal elevation being B. The H. A. Zickefoose Prospect (No. 848 on Map IV), located on a branch of Right Fork of Middle Fork, 2.6 miles south of Queen, showed 2 feet of coal at the time of Teets' visit, its elevation being 2515' B., and the entire thickness not being visible. The O. H. Fletcher Water Well, drilled on the same branch, 2.8 miles south of Hemlock, is reported to have found 5 feet of coal at a depth of 90 feet, and this, according to Teets, correlates with the Upper Mercer, the tidal elevation of the coal being 2520 B. The following exposure was noted in the public road near Hemlock:
Coal Exposure — No. 849 on Map IV.
On Right Fork of Middle Fork River, 0.8 mile southwest of Hemlock; Upper Mercer Coal; elevation, 2705' L.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, cllfF rock, Homewood
Concealed 13 0
Coal 1' 0"
Fire clay 3 0
Coal. 2' 0" to 8 0 7 0
Concealed
The Epbraim Wolf Farm Mine (No. 850 on Hap IV), located on a branch of the Right Fork of Middle Fork River, 1.2 miles northeast of Palace Valley, at an elevation of 2785' B., had fallen shut, at the time of Teets' visit, and could not be measured. The section of the coal is exposed in full at the following opening, reported by Teets :
Sarah E. Hinkle Farm Mine — No. 851 on Map IV.
On Left Fork of Bncktaannon River, 0.7 mile northeast ot Palace Valley; Upper Mercer Coal; elevation, 3925' B.
Ft. m
Slate
Coal 0' 3-
Slate 1 2
Coal 1 0
Slate 0 6
Coal 0 3
Slate 0 2
Coal 1 0 i 3
Slate, pavement
Upper Mercer Coal, Banks District, Upshar.
In Banks District, the Upper Mercer has been opened at several points and has furnished some good fuel, occasionally being almost free from slate, the following openings having been noted along the waters of Little Kanawha River :
At Farm Mine No. 852 on Map IV, located on Cherry Fork of Little Kanawha River, 2,5 miles northeast of Ingp, the coal had once been mined by stripping, at an elevation of H?©* B., but the place had fallen shut and could not be measured. It was once opened at the Charity Riley Farm Prospect (No. 853 on Map IV), on Cave Run of Little Kanawha, 1 mile southwest of Kanawha Head, at an elevation of 1655' B., being reported 1' 8" thick, and coming 80 feet below the Lower Kittanning. The following measurement, made with hand-level, shows the relationship of the Upper Mercer to the Lower Kittanning in the Kanawha River region :
Ben Curry Prospect — No. 854 on Map IV.
On Little Kanawha River, at mouth of Lynncamp Run, 0.7 mile northwest of Kanawha Head; Upper Mercer Coal; elevation, 1635' B.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, massive, East Lynn 6 6
Concealed 37% 48
Sandstone, massive, Home wood, partly concealed 36% 84%
Coal 2' 0"! Upper Mercer
Slate, 0" to 0 6
Coal :.0 4
Concealed, with streaks of coal 15 102%
At the above opening in the Upper Mercer, only the upper bench, showing 2 feet of coal, was visible, the remainder bein; reported by Mr. Curry. From this point, the Homewood Sandstone ledge can be followed by eye northeastward threefourths mile around the mountain to the following opening that has been made directly underneath the ledge and that apparently represents a much finer development of the Upper Mercer than can be found anywhere else in the three counties :
John McKissic Farm Mine — No. 855 on Map IV.
On Lynncamp Run, 0.6 mile north of Kanawha Head; Upper Mercer Coal, butts, N. W.; elevation, 1620' B.
Ft. In.
1. Sandstone, massive, cliff rock, Homewood... 30 0
3. Coal, splinty 4' 2"
A sample was collected from Nos. 3 and 5 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 855 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The analysis shows a remarkably pure coal, low in sulphur, phosphorus, and ash. The fact that the same seam apparently breaks up into thin streaks of coal separated by slates as shown by the
West Virginia Geological Survey. 657
Curry prospect above (No. 854), which appears to represent its typical nature in this region, detracts much from the value of this bed as shown by the measurement and test of the McKissic opening.
The coal was once opened at the Grant Wilson Prospect (No. 856 on Map IV), on the Little Kanawha River, 1 mile southwest of Arlington, at an elevation of ISSC B. The place had fallen shut, only lyi feet of cannel slate being visible at the top, the thickness of the coal being reported 7 feet by Mr. Wilson.
John Lane Farm Mine — No. 857 on Map IV.
On Laurel Run of Little Kanawha, 0.6 mile east of Arlington; Upper Mercer Coal; elevation, 1540' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black
Coal 0' 4"
Slate, black 1 0
Coal 2 0
Slate, black 0 3
Coal, visible 1 0 4 7
Concealed
George Wilson Prospect — No. 858 on Map IV.
On a branch of Laurel Run of Little Kanawha, 0.8 mile east of Arlington; Upper Mercer Coal; elevation, 1545' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black 6 0
Coal and bone, mixed V 8"
Coal 0 4
Bone 0 2
Coal, hard 1 0
Slate, hard 0 6
Coal 1 3 4 11
Slate, pavement.
The Grant Wilson Farm Mine (No. 858 A on Map IV), located on the Little Kanawha River, 0.2 mile southwest of Stillman, measured 3' 7" of clean coal, at an elevation of B.
Upper Mercer CoaU Roaring Creek DUtrict, Randolph.
In Roaring Creek District, only a few openings in thir Upper Mercer were noted. At the Coal and Coke Railway Exposure (No. 859 on Map IV), located on the Tygart Valley River, 0.5 mile northwest of Leiter, at an elevation of ISQC B., the coal is visible in the railroad cut, coming 20 feet below the great Homewood cliff and having a variable thickness of 3 to 5 feet, with partings.
The Pat Ford Farm Mine (No. 860 on Map IV), located on Laurel Creek of Middle Fork River, at the old "Half- Way House", 1.4 miles west of Pumpkintown, showed 5' 3" of coal and slate, as exhibited in detail in the section for Pumpkintown, page 167, its elevation being 2350 B.
Upper Mercer Coalj Middle Fork District Randolph.
The Upper Mercer Coal has been opened at a few points in Middle Fork District and in these it preserves its usual character, having alternate layers of coal and slate. The three following openings were noted by Teets on the waters of Middle Fork River:
Maxwell, Arnold, et al. Farm Mine— No. 861 on Map IV.
On CasBity P\)rk of Middle Fork River, 2.8 miles northeast of Cassity; Upper Mercer Coal; elevation, 2535' B.
Ft In.
Slate, cannel 1 4
Coal, soft 0' 9"
Slate, black, 3" to 0 6
Coal, soft 1 U
Slate, gray 0 7
Coal, soft, visible 1 0 3 10
Concealed by water
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 861 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Moore-Keppe] & Company Farm Mine — No. 861A on Map IV.
On a brancti ot Caaelty Fork, 1.2 miles southeast ot Caseity; Upper Mercer Coel; elevatfoD. 2630' B.
rt In.
Slate, cannel
Coal, bony 0' 3"
Slate, black 0 10
Coal 0 S
Shale, gray 0 7
Coal 1 10
Coal, reported 0 S 5 4
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 861A in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Taylor George Prospect (No. 861B on Map IV), located on Panther Run, 2.1 miles southeast of Cassity, at an tievation of 2640" B., had fallen shut and could not be measured.
On the waters of Buckhannon River, several openings have been made. The Ernest Pouli Farm Mine (No. 862 on Map IV), located on Left Fork of Right Fork, 0.7 mile northwest of Helvetia, at an elevation of B., had fallen shut, but was reported 3 to 4 feet thick. The J. A. McCauley Farm Mine (No. 863 on Map IV), located on Right Fork of Buckhannon River, 0.4 mile north of Silica, measured 3' 4" of clean, soft coal, as shown in the section for Silica, page 181, its elevation being B., and its position 3 feet below the great Homewood cliff rock. Coal Prospect No. 864 on Map IV, located on Right Fork of Buckhannon River, 0.7 mile east of Silica, had fallen shut, its elevation being 2920* B„ and its position apparently just below the Homewood cliff. The John McCauley Farm Mine (No. 865 on Map IV), located on the south side of Right Fork of Buckhannon River, 0.6 mile southwest of Silica, had fallen shut when visited, its thickness being reported as 6 feet, and its elevation being 2795' B. The Andrew Ball! Farm Mine (No. 866 on Map IV), located on Devil Fork of Buckhannon River, 2.5 miles northwest of Pickens, at an elevation of 2965' B., had been abandoned, but, according to Mr. BalH, showed about 3 feet of coal. The coal was once opened in the top of Turkeybone Mountain, at the
head of a branch of Right Fork of Buckhannon River, l.H miles southeast of Pickens, at the James Pickens Heirs Prospect (No. 867 on Map IV), at an elevation of i67Qf B., and coming just below the massive, pebbly Homewood Sandstone, which caps the knob, and is responsible for its present height above the surrounding ridges. The thickness of the coal ai this point was not learned. Southwestward from the knob last mentioned, the Homewood Sandstone appears in two or three other sharp points and in one of these was once opened by L. M. and John Hull on what is now the Robert Hull land. The opening had fallen shut, the following section being reported by L. M. Hull :
Robert Hull Farm Mine— No. 868 on Map IV.
On Bee Knob, at the head of Right Fork of Buckhannon River, 2.7 miles south of Pickens; Upper Mercer Coal; elevation, 3530' B.
Ft. In.
Coal, thickness unknown
Shale, gray 2' 0"
Coal 2 0 4 0
The great, coarse, massive Homewood ledge caps the knob immediately above this old opening.
Quantity of Upper Mercer Coal Available.
In addition to the coal openings described on the preceding pages, the accompanying table shows a list of oil and gas wells that record the Upper Mercer Coal in the region where its horizon is under drainage. Its presence is also recorded in a few of the diamond drill borings, published on previous pages of this Chapter. Another table is added showing the probable amount of this coal by magisterial districts, the areal extent of which was measured with planimeter by Tucker according to the surface and underground areas outlined for it on Maps II and IV and Figure 12.
West Virginia Ge0Lcx5Ical Survey.
List of Oil and Gas Wells Recording Upper Mercer Coal.
Pi
O
2:
Name of Well.
Location.
s
o
o
o
Elevat mout
Pi
Cq
Barbour County:
Julia Hall No. 1
L. D. Kerr No. 1
E. D. Talbott Hrs. No. 2. .
Upshur County:
Isaac S. Reger No. 1
Wm. Post No. 1
L. J. Lewis No. 1
A. P. Moreland No. 1
Geo. Burner No. 1
i Silica Sand Co. No. 3.
Elk City. 1.5 mi. N. W.. Boulder, 0.4 mi. S. W.. Philippi, 0.5 ml. W
Ruraldale, 2.1 ml. W... Buckhannon, 3 ml. N.. Abbott, 1.6 mi. N. E...
Hinkle, 1.5 ml. S. E
Sago
Craddock, 0.3 mi. N. W.
1075Bi 693 1410 I 795 1505L! 584 1700Bi 40
Probable Amounf of Upper Mercer Coal.
Counties
by Districts.
o
O
Oq Qq
a
B
Qq Oq
Oq
Oq Do "
Barbour: Pleasant Elk Union . . Philipirt Cove . . , Glade . .
Totals 1169.90] 108,736! 14,209,620,480 568,384,820
Upshur:
Warren
Buckhannon
Union
Meade
Washington Banks
Randolph:
Roaring Creek.. Middle Pork
Totals
Totals lOr Are.
The Lower Mercer Coal of Pennsylvania, or Stockton of the Great Kanawha Valley of West Virginia, previously discussed in Chapter VIII, page 271, and shown by outcrop lines on Map IV in those regions where it is of possible minable thickness, is of value principally in the southeastern end of Banks District, Upshur, and in the adjoining portion of Middle Fork District, Randolph. In this region it is a good, pure coal, about 4 feet thick, having hard splinty layers similar to the coals of the Great Kanawha Valley, and is rained for local doipestic use with satisfactory results. Figure 13 .<hows its probable areal extent.
Lower Mercer {Stockton) Coaly Washington District, Upshur
The Lower Mercer was not observed in minable thickness in Washington District, but at Coal Exposure No. 869 on Map IV, on the Right Fork of Middle Fork River, 0.7 mile southwest of Hemlock, its blossom is visible in the public road, immediately under the fossiliferous Kanawha Black Flint shale.
The Lower Mercer has been opened at a few points along the Buckhannon River, the following being noted :
David Shaw Farm Mme— No. 870 on Map IV.
On Bens Run of Buckhannon River, 0.7 mile northwest of Selbyville; Lower Mercer (Stockton) Coai; elevation, 2250' B.
Ft. m.
Slate, dark
Coal, medium-hard 3 6
Slate, pavement
located on the Buckhannon River, 0.4 mile west ot Craddock. at an elevation of B., measured 3' 0" of clean coal. This Cipening was formerly worked for the use of the sand plant, but is now abandoned. A sample was collected from the old
opening, the composition of which is pubhshed under Hioe No. 871 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. Another opening on the same property shows the following:
Silica Sand Company Prospect — No. 872 on Map IV.
On Hell Run of Buckhaonon River, 0.7 mile aouthweet of Craddock; Lower Mercer (Stockton) Coal; eleTatlon, 2470' B.
Pt. In.
SandBtone, masalTe, Homewood, and concealed. . 50 0
Shale, dark S 0
Coal, Blatj 1' Z"
Coal, spUnty 0 9
Bone 0 1
Coal 1 3 3 3
Slate, pavement
Several openings have been made on the waters of the Little Kanawha. The following seems to represent the Lower Mercer although it may be the Upper Mercer instead :
O. S. Andrew Farm Mine— No. 873 on Map IV.
On Panther Pork, 1.5 miles northeast of Ingo; Lower Mercer (Stockton) Coal; elevation, 1196' B. Ft. In.
Slate, dark 2 0
Coal 0 1
Slate, black 1 0
Coal, aoft 0' 6"
Coal, hony 0 5
Slate, dark -0 B
Coal, hony 1 3
Coal, soft 0 S 2 10
Slate, pavement, and concealed, to massive sand-
Edward H. Peck Farm Mine— No. 874 on Map IV.
On Pecks Run of Little Kanawha River, 1 mile northwest ot Craddock; Lower Mercer (Stockton) Coal; elevation, 2315' B.
Pt. In.
Shale, sandy 10 0
Coal 1' B"
Slate, black 0 3
Coal 2 2
Slate, black 0 2
Coal, visible 1 0 5 0
Concealed
R. B. Rexroad Farm Mine— No. 875 on Map IV.
On Little Kanawha River, 0.2 mile northeast of Canaan; ereer (Stockton) Coal; elevaUon, 2176' B.
Ft. In
Coal 0' 4"
Slate, black, lentlcnlar 1 0
Coal 1 0
Coal, reported .2 0
Slate, black, reported 1 3
Coal, reported 4 0
Coal, bony , reported 0 6 10
The above opening had nearly fallen shut, Mr. Rexroad being authority for the lower members of the section.
The Herbert Bellingham Farm Mine (No. 876 on Map IV), located on the Little Kanawha, 0.2 mile southeast of Canaan, at an elevation of 2205' B., measured 3' 4", as shown in detail in the section for Canaan, page 151 :
Jacob Arbogast Farm Mine — No. 877 on Hap IV.
On Little Kanawha River, 0.6 mile southeast ol Canaan; Lower Mercer (Stockton) Coal; elevation, 2246' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive
Coal, Upper Mercer 1 9
Concealed 6 0 ,
Slate, dark, with plant toalla 6 0
Coal 1' 1"
Coal, hard, bony .0 4
Coal 1 6 3 5
Slate, pavement
John Thomas Farm Mine— No. 878 on Map IV.
On Little Kanawha River, 1 mile southeast of Canaan; Lower Mercer (Stockton) Coal; butts. N. S6° E.; elevation Z3S5' B.
Ft In.
2. Coal, spllnty 2' 0 "
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 878 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
William Waugh Farm Mine — No. 879 on Map IV.
On Little Kanawha River, 1.1 miles southeast of Canaan; Lower Mercer (Stockton) Coal; elevation, 2330' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, dark, sandy 6 0
Coal 2' 1"
Slate, black 0 3
Coal 2 4 4 8
Hanson Friend Heirs Farm Mine — No. 880 on Map IV.
On Middle Fork of Little Kanawha River, 0.9 mile northeast of Goshen; Lower Mercer (Stockton) Coal; elevation, 2285' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark 4 0
Coal, soft 1' 5"
Coal, splint 1 1
Slate, hlack, soft 0 3
Coal, medium-hard 1 4 4 1
Slate, pavement
Grant Sines Farm Mine — No. 881 on Map IV.
On a branch of Middle Fork of Little Kanawha River, 0.7 mile northeast of Goshen; Lower Mercer (Stockton) Coal; elevation, 2365' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive
Coal, medium-hard 1' 7"
Slate, gray 0 1
Coal, splint 0 5
Slate, dark, soft 0 5
Coal, splinty 1 8 4 2
Slate, pavement
Josephus Sines Farm Mine — No. 882 on Map IV.
On Howell Fork of Right Fork of Little Kanawha River, 0.7 mile southwest of Goshen; Lower Mercer (Stockton) Coal; elevation, 2130' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black
Coal 2' 2"
Bone 0 3
Coal 2 4 4 9
West Virginia Geological Survey. 667
Troy Hardman Farm Mine — No. 883 on Map IV.
On Howell Fork of Right Fork of Little Kanawha River, 0.6 mile southwest of Goshen; Lower Mercer (Stockton) Coal; elevation, 2195' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive
Concealed and black slate 2 0
Coal, slaty 0' 10"
Slate, black 0 5
Coal 3 4 4 7
Slate, pavement?
Randolph.
The Lower Mercer Coal was not observed in minable quantity in Roaring Creek District, but a coal appears in a few of the railroad cuts west of Leiter that apparently represents it, the following being one of these exposures :
Coal and Coke Railway Exposure — No. 884 on Map IV.
On Laurel Run of Tygart Valley River, 0.4 mile southwest of Findley; Lower Mercer (Stockton) Coal; elevation, 1950' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, top portion of Upper Con.
noquenessing cliff
Slate, black 7 0
Coal, bony 0' 11"
Slate, black 1 0
Coal 1 0 2 11
Shale, to grade
Randolph.
A few exposures of the Lower Mercer were noted in the northwestern corner of Middle Fork District, on the waters of Buckhannon River. At Coal Exposure No. 885 on Map IV, located on the ridge west of Left Fork of Right Fork of Buckhannon, 1.1 miles north of Helvetia, Teets noted 1' 8" of coal in the public road, at an elevation of 2635' B.
R. T. Evans Farm Mine— No. 886 on Map IV.
On a branch of Marsh Fork of Buckhannon River, 1.3 miles southwest of Silica; Lower Mercer (Stockton) Coal; elevation, 2880' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark
Coal, splinty 2' 2"
Coal, softer 0 10 3 0
Slate, pavement
Andrew Balli Farm Mine— No. 887 on Map IV.
On Devil Fork of Buckhannon River, 1.8 miles southwest of Silica, Lower Mercer (Stockton) Coal; elevation, 2890' B.
Ft. In.
2. Coal, splint 2' 2"
A sample was collected from Nos. 2 and 3 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 887 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The following opening is reported by Teets on Little Sugar Creek, tributary to the Elk River drainage system :
Bird Casto Farm Mine— No. 887A on Map IV.
On Little Sugar Creek, 2.3 miles southwest of Pickens; Lower Mercer (Stockton) Coal; elevation, 3330' B.
Ft. In. .
Slate, black
Coal 0' 11"
Slate, gray 0 10
Coal 0 6
Slate, or bony coal 0 3
Coal 1 1
Slate 0 1
Coal 0 2 3 10
Slate, pavement
In addition to the coal openings described on the previous pages, the accompanying table shows a list of oil and gas wells that record coal at what appears to be the Lower Mercer hori-
West Virginia Geological Survey.
zon in regions where it belongs under drainage. Another table is added showing the probable amount of this coal by magisterial districts, the areal extent of which was measured with planimeter by Tucker according to the surface and underground areas outlined for it on Map IV and Figure 13.
List of Oil and Gas Wells Recording Lower Mercer
m
Pi OS
Name of Well.
Location.
a
ickne eet.
la
Barbour County:
Julia Hall No. 1
Blk City, 1.5 mi. N. W..
Upshur County:
Craddock, 0.3 mi. N. W.
Probable Amount of Lower Mercer (Stockton) Coal.
Counties
by Districts.
od
i4
Ss "O
n 0
0 A ®
Ut
O-S
Eh
pel's
5°
Co
a
E-" OS 4j o
Upshur:
Banks
Randolph:
Middle Fork
f
Totals for Area 38.70 24,768 3.236.682.240 129.467,289
The Quakertown Coal, previously discussed in Chapter VIII, page 274, and shown by outcrop lines on Maps II and IV, in those regions where it may eventually be classed as minable, seems to be of value principally in Washington District, Upshur, although it was noted in several other
ties. As stated at the reference above, its exact correlation with the expanded column of the Great Kanawha Valley is not definitely known, although it seems to represent either the Coalburg or Winifrede horizon. In the territory of this Report, it seldom exceeds 2 feet in thickness, being usually represented only by a blossom. Figure 14 shows its probable areal extent as an economic asset.
Quakertonm CoaU Valley District Barbour.
In Valley District, the following opening seems to represent the Quakertown :
Farm Mine — No. 888 on Map II.
On Laurel Run of Tygart Valley River, 0.8 mile southwest of Skidmore; Quakertown Coal; elevation, 1885' B.
Ft. In.
Coal digging, abandoned, Quakertown "Rider"
Coal
Sandstone, massive 5 0
Slate, dark, Quakertown 6 0
Shale, hard, sandy 5 0
Coal, soft r 5"
Slate, bony 0 4
Coal, hard 0 6 2 3
Slate, pavement, and concealed 10 0
Sandstone, massive
Quakertown Coalj Meade District Upshur.
In Meade District, the Quakertown was observed at a few points along the Buckhannon River, between Tenmile and Alexander. At the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Exposure (No. 889 on Map IV), located 0.7 mile north of Beans Mill, the coal is 1 foot thick, at an elevation of 1745' B., and coming just below the Upper Connoquenessing cliif. At the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Exposure (No. 890 on Map IV), located O.S mile north of Beans Mill, it is 1 foot thick and slaty, having an elevation of 1765' B., and coming 7 feet below the cliff, and 7 feet above railroad grade. At Coal Exposure No. 891 on Map IV, 1.1 miles southeast of Alton, the coal is
reported in the bed of the river by William Taylor, its elevation being B., and its thickness unknown.
Quakertown Coal, Washington District Upshur.
In Washington District, the coal has been opened at various points along Middle Fork River. At the James O. Osborne Prospect (No. 892 on Map IV), located on the west side of the river at Gale, the coal was found in a spring where its thickness was concealed by water, but was reported 1' 6", the elevation being 1915' B. At the Joseph Hombeck Prospect (No. 893 on Map IV), located just south of the forks of Middle Fork, and 1 mile east of Kedron, at an elevation of B., the coal had once been opened but the place had fallen shut and its thickness was not learned. Several other openings farther up the Right Fork were reported by Teets, as follows:
The Edwin Asper Farm Mine (No. 894 on Map IV), located on Right Fork, 0.7 mile southeast of Queen, at an elevation of B., measured 2' 7" of soft coal. The David Gooden Farm Mine (No. 895 on Map IV), located on Right Fork, 0.8 mile southeast of Queen, at an elevation of 2135' B., measured 2' 7'' of coal. At Coal Exposure No. 896 on Map IV, located 1.3 miles south of Queen, the coal crops in the road at an elevation of 2160' B., with a thickness of about 3 feet. The R. F. Cody Farm Mine (No. 897 on Map IV), located on Right Fork, 1.8 miles southwest of Queen, measured 1' 6" of coal, at an elevation of 2250' B. The Simon Hoover Farm Mine (No. 898 on Map IV), located on Jenks Fork, 1 mile northeast of Hemlock, was full of water but had an estimated thickness of 2' 3" of soft coal, its elevation being 2590' B. The H. A. Zickefoose Farm Mine (No. 899 on Map IV), located on Right Fork at the west edge of Hemlock, at an elevation of 2950' B., had a total thickness of 2' 10", as shown in detail in the section for Hemlock, page 146. A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 899 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The Robert Pomp Farm Mine (No. 900 on Map IV), located on Right Fork, 1 mile southeast of
Is
tl
Is
West Virginia Geological: Survey. 673
Hemlock, at an elevation of 2805' B., had fallen shut and its thickness was not learned.
Ephraim Wolf Farm Mine— No. 901 on Map IV.
On Right Fork of Middle Fork River. 1.3 miles northeast of Palace Valley; Quakertown Coal; elevation, B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal 2' 0"
Slate 0 1
Coal 0 6 2 7
Slate, pavement
Qaakertown Coalj Leadsville District j Randolph.
No coal of economic importance appears to be present at the Quakertown horizon in Leadsville District, but at Exposure No. 902 on Map IV, located on the Tygart Valley River, 0.3 mile south of Laurel Station, the coal is visible in the railroad cut, being 0' 6" thick, and having an elevation of 1780 B.
Quakertown Coalj Roaring Creek District Randolph.
In Roaring Creek District, the Quakertown was noted at the James Ford Farm Mine (No. 903 on Map IV), located on Laurel Creek of Middle Fork River, 1 mile west of Pumpkintown, at an elevation of 2270 B. This opening had fallen shut and its thickness was not reported.
Qaakertown Coal, Middle Fork District j Randolph.-
In Middle Fork District, the Quakertown was noted at only a few points. It is reported by Teets at Coal Exposure No. 904 on Map IV, on Crislip Run of Buckhannon River, 1.6 miles southeast of Newlon, having an elevation of 2500 B., and a thickness of V 8", as visible along the public road. At Prospect No. 904A on Map IV, located on Hooker Run of Buckhannon River, 0.4 mile north of Fairview, it was once opened at an elevation of 2705' B., but the place had fallen shut and could not be measured.
Coal.
The following opening is somewhat isolated from other mines in the Quakertown, but, according to Teets, it comes 110 feet below the top of the Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone, making it seem to correlate with the Quakertown horizon :
Ellas Zickefoose Farm Mine— No. 905 on Map IV.
On Birch Fork of Left Fork of Middle Fork River, 1.4 miles northwest of Adolph; Quakertown Coal; elevation, 2910' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, cannel
Coal r 0"
Slate, black 0 3
Coal 1 9 3 0
Slate, pavement
Quantity of Qaakertown Coal Available.
In addition to the coal openings described on pn!vious pages, the Quakertown is represented in the Julia Hall No. (9) oil well, located in Elk District, Barbour, the coal having been found at a depth of 650 feet, and showing a thickness of 2 feet. The following table shows the probable amount of this coal by magisterial districts, the areal extent of which was measured with planimeter by Tucker according to the regions outlined for it on Maps II and IV and Figure 14:
Probable Amount of Quakertown Coal.
Counties
of Coal
,j
Od
m'O
oS
by Districts.
® m
S
O Cq Q
s s
0
o-S
u
Cq
t o
Upshur:
Washington
Randolph:
Roaring Creek
Middle Fork
Huttonsville
Totals
Totals for Area
West Virginia Geouxsical Survey. 675
The Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal, previously dis cussed in Chapter VIII, pages 278-279, and shown by outcrop on Map IV, in those regions where it seems to be of value, is of minablc thickness in the southeastern comer of Upshur and in parts of Roaring Creek and Middle Fork Districts, Randolph. In Barbour, it does not appear to have minable thickness although its horizon has been doubtfully recognized at a few points. This seam has a thickness of 2 to 3 feet in the Pickens region where it is best developed and is a good pure coal, low in ash, sulphur, and phosphorus. It appears to have the necessary qualities for making by-product coke. Figure 15 shows its probable areal extent as a minable seam.
Campbell Creek INo. Gas Coaly Philippi District Barbour.
In Philippi District, no coal of minable thickness was found at the Campbell Creek horizon, but a few exposures ci a thin seam that appears to represent it were found along the Tygart Valley River where the Hiram Anticline brings the lower rocks of the Kanawha Group above drainage, the following being noted :
Coal Exposure — No. 913 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.6 mile northwest of Adma; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1410' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive 40 0
Slate, sandy, with LIngulae fossils 6 0
Coal 1 0
Fire clay 5 0
Slate, black 5 0
At Coal Exposure No. 914 on Map II, located in the hollow just northeast of Adma Station, the coal measured i' 0" thick, at an elevation of ISOC B.. as shown in detail in the section for Adma, page 100.
S5
fW
r
SV?owVr73
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. tTj
Campbell Creek {No. 2 Gas) Coal, Barker District, Barbour.
The Campbell Creek Coal is exposed along the river in Barker District along the Hiram Anticline, as noted above, the following having been found :
Coal Exposure — No. 915 on Map II.
On the Tygart Valley River, 0.7 mile northwest of O'Brien; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1515' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive
Slate, black, with Lingulae fossils 0 6
Coal 1 0
Fire clay shale, with iron ore, to grade 3 0
At Coal Exposure No. 916 on Map II, located on Tygart Valley River, 0.2 mile northwest of Clements, the coal is visible in the railroad cut at an elevation of 1571' L., having a thickness of about 1 foot, as shown in detail in the section for Clements, page 110.
No coal of minable thickness appears to be present at the Campbell Creek horizon in Valley District, but it appears to be represented by a thin seam in a few localities. Tht George Booth Prospect (No. 917 on Map II), located on Middle Fork River, 0.3 mile northeast of Lantz, at an elevation of 1845' B., seems to be at this horizon. The place had fallen shut but apparently only a little coal was found. According to Teets, the coal was reported at Exposure No. 918 on Map II, along the Middle Fork River, l.S miles southeast of Swamp Run. Here it was said to have been seen at lowwater in the bed of the river, its thickness being 1' 3". and elevation, 1790' B.
Upshur.
In Washington District, a coal has been mined for local use along the Middle Fork River in the vicinity of Ellamore, Gale, and Queen that appears to represent the Campbell Creek. At the first-named locality, Teets reports the following :
Moore-Keppel & Company Prospect — No. 919 on Map IV.
On Middle Fork River, 0:5 mile south of Ellamore; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1840' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive
Coal 2 6
Slate
A sample was collected from this opening, the composi< tion of which is published under Mine No. 919 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Gilbert Osbom Farm Mine (No. 920 on Map IV), located on Laurel Run of Right Fork of Middle Fork River, 0.9 mile east of Queen, had fallen shut when it was visited b- Teets, but was reported 2 feet thick, its elevation being B The four following openings, examined by Teets, show the structure of the coal in the immediate vicinity of Queen :
Gay Limbers Farm Mine — No. 921 on Map IV.
On Right Fork of Middle Fork River, 0.7 mile south of Queen; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1955' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, soft r 3"
Slate 0 6
Coal, soft 1 4 3 1
West Virginia Geological Survey. 679
Walker Lanham Farm Mine — No. 922 on Map IV.
On Right Fork of Middle Fork River, 0.8 mile south of Queen; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1955' B.
Pt. In.
Slate
Coal, soft 1' 3"
Slate, dark 0 6
Coal, soft 1 3 3 0
Slate, pavement
The Isaac Outright Heirs Farm Mine (No. 923 on Map
IV), located on Right Fork of Middle Fork, 1.1 miles south of Queen, had fallen shut at the time of Teets' visit and could not be measured, its elevation being B.
G. W. Zickefoose Farm Mine— No. 924 on Map IV.
On Right Fork of Middle Fork, 1.2 miles south of Queen; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gaa) Coal; elevation, 2010' B.
Pt. In.
Coal, soft 1' 6"
Slate 0 8
Coal 1 0 3 2
Slate, pavement '
The following is one of the best openings noted in this locality :
Patrick Martin Farm Mine — No. 925 on Map IV.
On Jackson Fork of Middle Fork, 1.7 miles southeast of Queen; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 2150' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark
Coal 3 5
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 925 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Robert Pomp Heirs Farm Mine (No. 926 on Map IV), located on Right Fork of Middle Fork River, 1 mile southeast of Hemlock, measured 2' I'-' of clean coal, according to Teets, having an elevation of B.
68o COAL.
A few openings were noted by Teets along the Left Fork of Buckhannon River on the Washington District side. Thj: Elkhom Coal Corporation Farm Mine (No. 927 on Map IV; located 1 mile east of Alexander, had an estimated thickness of 2' 8", at an elevation of 2150' B. The coal had once been opened at Prospect No. 928 on Map IV, on Rough Run. 0.8 mile north of Shahan, at an elevation of 2405' B., but had fallen shut and could not be measured.
In Banks District, the coal has been mined for local domestic use at several points in the region south of Alexander between the two forks of Buckhannon River, the following openings being noted by Teets :
L. P. Brooks Farm Mine— No. 929 on Map IV.
On a branch of Left Fork of Buckhannon River, 0.8 mile south of Alexander; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 2145' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone
Coal V 9"
Coal, bony 0 2
Coal 0 7 2 6
Slate, pavement
James Crawford Farm Mine — No. 930 on Map IV.
On Left Pork of Buckhannon River, 1.4 miles southeast of Alex- Alexander; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 2145' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive
Slate, cannel 1 6
Coal 0' 10"
Coal, bony 0 1
Coal, soft 0 9
Coal, bony 0 1
Coal, soft 0 9 2 6
Slato. pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 930 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Henry Gladwell Farm Mine (No. 931 on Map 1 1 , located on Millsite Run, 1.1 miles northeast of Selbyville, measured 2 8" of clean coal, at an elevation of 2228' L. The Ernest Stutzman Farm Mine (No. 932 on Map IV), located on Millsite Run, 1,8 miles northeast of Selbyville, shov/ed 2' 6" of dean coal, its elevation being 2270' B. The Fred Goodie Farm Mine (No. 933 on Map IV), located on Millsite Run, 2 miles northeast of Selbyville, measured 2' 5", clean coal, its elevation being 2300' B. The coal was once opened at Prospect No. 933A on Map IV, located on Right Fork oF Buckhannon River, just west of Newlon, where, as shown by the Newlon Section, page 155, it measured 1' 8" thick, with an elevation of 2095' L. At another point up the same fork what appears to be the Campbell Creek Coal is visible at Coal Exposure No. 934 on Map IV, just opposite Craddock, its thickness being 1' 0", and elevation, 2065' B,
Campbell Creek (.So.2 Gas) Coal, Roaring Creek District, Randolph.
Several openings have been made in the Campbell Creek Coal in Roaring Creek District along the waters of Middle Fork River, and the coal has been used for local fuel with results that are entirely satisfactory. The Moore-Keppel & Company Farm Mine (No. 935 on Map IV), located on Middle Fork River at the south edge of Ellamore, is reported by Teets as measuring 4" of clean coal, its elevation being 1840' B.
A few openings have been made along Laurel Creek. The Emmet Connor Farm Mine (No. 936 on Map IV), located 1.5 miles southeast of Ellamore, measured 2' 0" of clean coal at an elevation of 1955' B. The Peter Stanton Farm Mine (Ho. 937 on Map IV), located 2 miles southeast of Ellamore, showed 2' 3" of clean coal, at an elevation of 1990' B. The coal was once opened at the Rafferty Farm Mine (No. 938 on Map IV), located 2.5 miles southeast of Ellamore, at an elevation of 2035' B., but its thickness was not obtained. All of the openings along Laurel Creek are only a few feet above drainage, and the coal goes under a short distance east of the old Rafferty mine.
The coal is visible along Middle Fork River opposite Gal at the Moore-Keppel & Company Railroad Exposure (No. 939 on Map IV), having a total thickness of 3' 1", and an elevation of 1870' B., as shown in detail in the section for Gale, page 141. It was once opened at Farm Mine No. 940 on Map IV, on Left Fork of Middle Fork River, 0.4 mile southeast of (iale, at an elevation of 1955' B., but the place had been abandoned and could not be measured.
William Hombeck Farm Mine— No. 941 on Map IV.
On Left Fork of Middle Fork River, 0.8 mile southeast of Oale; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1910' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, visible 5 0
Coal, soft r 0"
Coal, bony 0 6
Coal, soft 1 0 2 6
Slate, pavement
located on Left Fork of Middle Fork River, 1.1 miles southeast of Gale, at an elevation of 1970' B., had fallen shut but the seam was reported by Mr. Tallman as having measured slightly more than 2' 6", clean coal. The two following openings are reported by Teets:
Thomas Rowan Farm Mine — No. 943 on Map IV.
On a branch of Left Fork of Middle Fork River, 1.5 miles southeast of Gale; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1985' 6.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, soft r 0"
Coal, bony 0 2
Coal, soft 1 4 2 6
Slate, pavement
WiUiam Hombeck Fann Mine— No. 944 on Map IV.
On Kettle Run, 2.2 miles southeast of Dale; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal: elevaUon, 2020' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, soft 1' 1"
Coal, bony 0 2
Coal, soft 1 6 2
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 944 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal, Middle Fork District, Randolph.
In Middle Fork District, the Campbell Creek Coal has been opened extensively for local use, and furnishes a fine grade of fuel. Several of these openings are along the Middle Fork River. The Koon Heirs Prospect (No. 945 on Map IV), located on Long Run, 1.3 miles northwest of Long, at an elevation of 2295' B., had fallen shut and its thickness was not learned. The five following openings are reported by Teets:
Johnson Lower Farm Mine — No. 946 on Map IV.
On Jenks Fork of Right Fork of Middle Pork River, 2.1 miles northeast of Hemlock; Campbell Creek (No 2 Gaa) Coal; elevation, 2790' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy, roof
Coal, soft 1' 9"
Coal, bony 0 6
Coal, soft 1 0 3 3
Slate, pavement
John Fincham Farm Mine — No. 947 on Map IV.
On Left Fork of Middle Fork River. 1.6 miles north of Adolpb; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gaa) Coal; elevation, 2463' L.
Pt. m.
Slate, gray, visible S 0
Coal, soft, glossy, columnar 2 6
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 947 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Three very interesting chemical analyses of this coal, one of which includes a coke analysis, have been made by private parties, and have been furnished the Survey by Claude W. Maxwell, of Elkins, West Virginia, as follows :
Bethlehem 8teel Co.' Analysis of John FIncham (No. 2 Gas) Coal; Laurel Branch, 150 feet from river; coal 36 inches thick.
Per cent.
Volatile Matter 33.25
Fixed Carbon 64.16
Ash 2.59
Total 100. 00
Sulphur 1.08
W. Va. Coal & Coke Co. analysis of same:
Per cent.
Volatile Matter 33.25
Fixed Carbon 64.00
Ash 2.70
Total 99.95
Sulphur 0 . 90
Alan Wood Iron & Steel Co. analysis of car-load of same:
Per cent.
Volatne Matter " 30.83
Fixed Carbon 65.16
Ash 4.01
Total 100.00
Sulphur 1.29
Analysis of coke from this car:
Per cent.
Volatile Matter 0.93
Fixed Carbon 92.30
Ash 6.77
Total 100.00
Sulphur 0.88
The N. C. Bell Heirs Farm Mine (No. 948 on Map IV),
located on Laurel Branch of Right Fork of Middle Fork. 1.6 miles northeast of Adolph, measured 2' 7" of clean, soft columnar coal, at an elevation of 2475' B.
Mr. Claude W. Maxwell, of Elkins, West Virginia, has also furnished the Survey the following interesting analysis
of coal from the Bell mine on Laurel Branch as made by the
H. Koppers Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.:
Per cent.
Volatile Matter 29.12
Filed CartKin 68.67
Aah 2.31
Total IttO.OO
Sulpbur 0 . 93
Phosphorus 0.005
Cubic feet of gae per net ton at 16° C 11,664
Farm Mine No. 949 on Map IV, located on the same branch, 1.9 miles northeast of Adolph, showed 2' 4" of clean coal, at an elevation of 2560' B.
The Ephraim McCauley Fann Mine (No. 950 on Map IV), located on the same branch, 2.5 miles northeast of Adolph, measured 1' 10" of clean coal, its elevation being 2615' B.
The following opening is farther west on the opposite side of the Belington Syncline:
Ella Brake Farm Mine— No. 951 on Map IV.
On Bircb Fork of Right Fbrk of Middle Fork, 0.9 mile northeast of Blue Rock; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gai) Coal; elevation, 2SS6' B.
Pt. In,
5. Coat, soft, columaar: 2 2 7 7
A sample was collected from No. 5 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 951 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
An attempt was made to open what appears to represent the Campbell Creek Coal at the Nicholas Loudin Prospect (No. 952 on Map IV), on Birch Fork, 0.3 mile south of Blue Rock, at an elevation of 2975' B., but here the thickness was reported as only 6 to 8 inches, the full height of the seam not being opened up.
Several openings have been made on the headwaters of Buckhannon River. The J. J. Wuerzer Farm Mine (No. 953 on Map IV), located on Trout Run, 1.3 miles northeast of
Helvetia, at an elevation of B., had fallen shut at the time of Teets' visit and could not be measured. The two following openings were examined by Teets in the same region :
M. N. Hicks Farm Mine— No. 954 on Map IV.
On Saltblock Run, 0.8 mile northwest of Hartridge; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 3295' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, soft r 11"
Coalp softer 0 9 2 8
Frank Hoover Farm Mine — No. 955 on Map IV.
On Middle Fork of Left Fork of Buckhannon, 1.1 miles west of Helvetia; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 2455' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, soft 1' 2"
Coal, bony 0 10
Coal, soft. 1 3 3 3
located on Right Fork of Buckhannon River, 0.4 mile northwest of Silica, measured 2' 2" of splinty coal, with an elevation of 2490' B.
Dr. J. L. Cunningham Prospect — No. 957 on Map IV.
On Marsh Fork, 0.7 mile southeast of Silica; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 2545' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy, dark
Coal 0' 7"
Slate, dark 0 8
Coal, splinty 1 5 2 8
Slate, pavement
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. OSy
Dr. J. L. Cunningham Prospect — No. 958 on Map IV.
On Marsb Fork, O.S mile southwest of Silica; Cinpbll Craek (No. 2 Qa) Coal; elevation. 2&&0' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark 5 0
Coal 0' 6"
Slate, black 0 3
Coal, Bplinty I 6 2 2
Slate, pavement.
The Daniel Hefner Farm Mine (No. 959 on Map IV), located on Marsh Fork, 1.5 miles northwest of Pickens, at in elevation of 2690' B., had fallen partly shut, only 1 foot of coal being visible. The following opening is reported by Teets at the head of the same fork :
Peter Swint Farm Mine— No. 960 on Map IV.
On Marsh Fork, 1.2 miles southwest ot Pickens; Campbell Croek (No. 2 Oat) Coal; elevation. 3850' B.
Ft. In.
Coal, medium-bard 1' 7"
Coal, harder, bony 1 0 2 7
Slate
This opening had fallen shut, the above section having been measured at the mouth of the mine.
The Mack Stadler Prospect (No. 961 on Map IV), located on the head of Fall Run of Holly River, near the Webster County Line, 1.8 miles southwest of Pickens, had fallen partlv shut, but showed 1 foot of coal, its elevation being 2755' E. The James Pickens Prospect (No. 962 on Map IV), located on Right Fork of Euckhannon, 0.3 mile southeast of Pickens, in the elevation of 2890' B., measured 2' 8", as shown in detail in the stratigraphic discussion of the coal, page 278. A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 962 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The two following openings were noted by Teets farther up the same fork:
M. B. Stadler Farm Mine— No. 963 on Map IV.
On Right Fork of Buckhannon, 0.8 mile south of Pickens; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 2860' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, soft r 7"
Coal, bony 1 3 2 10
Slate pavement
Marshall Arbogast Farm Mine — No. 964 on Map IV.
On Right Fork of Buckhannon, 1 mile south of Pickens; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 2916' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, soft 1' 8"
Coal, bony 1 3 2 11
Slate, pavement
The coal is reported by Teets at two points on Little Sugar Creek, tributary to the Elk River drainage system. The Bird Casto Farm Mine (No. 965 on Map IV), located 2.5 miles southwest of Pickens, measured 2' 0" of clean coal, at ar elevation of B.
L. M. Hull Farm Mine— No. 966 on Map IV.
On Little Sugar Creek, 3 miles southwest of Pickens; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 3050' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black, visible 4 0
Coal, soft 2' 1"
Coal, bony 0 6 2 7
Slate, pavement
The four following openings are reported by Teets on Left Fork of Buckhannon River:
West Virginia Geological Survey. 689
Daniel Tcnncy Farm Mine — No. 967 on Map IV.
On Left of Buckhannon River, 0.7 mile southwest of Hartridge; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 3325' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, soft r 10"
Coal, harder 0 9 2 7
Slate, pavement
located on Left Fork of Buckhannon, 0.9 mile southwest of Hartridge, measured 2' 7" of clean coal, its elevation being 3325' B. The Gottfried Busky Farm Mine (No. 969 on Map IV), located on Left Fork of Buckhannon, 2 miles southeast of Pickens, at an elevation of 3325' B., had fallen shut and its thickness was not learned. The J. W. Hartman Heirs Farm Mine (No. 970 on Map IV), located on Left Fork of Buckhannon, 1.4 miles west of the Parting Springs, at an elevation of 3440' B., had fallen shut, but the coal was reported 2' 3" thick.
Several openings have been made along the high mountain ridge that divides the Buckhannon River drainage from that of Sugar Creek and Back Fork of Elk, the coal being of exceptional purity. The J. W. Hartman Heirs Farm Mine (No. 971 on Map IV), located on the Sugar Creek side, 1.5 miles W'Cst of the Parting Springs, measured 3' 0" of clean, medium-hard coal, its elevation being 3415' B.
Casper Winkler Farm Mine — No. 972 on Map IV.
On Sugar Creek, 1 mile west of the Parting Springs; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 3510' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark
Coal, mediumard 2 11
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 972 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Louis Wuchncr Farm Mine (No. 973 on Map IV), located on the Sugar Creek side, 0.8 mile southeast of the
Parting Springs, at an elevation of SSSC B., had fallen shut, but was reported 3' 0" thick. The S. B. Elkins Heirs Farm Mine (No. 974 on Map IV), located on Left Fork of Buckhannon, 0.5 mile northwest of the Parting Springs, was reported by Teets to have measured 2' 11' of columnar coal, its elevation being 3535' B.
Ida Smiley Farm Mine— No. 975 on Map IV.
On Long Run of Buckhannon River, 0.3, mile northeast of the Parting Springs; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 3675' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark
Coal, spUnt 0' 5"
Coal, medium-hard 2 10 3 3
Slate, pavement
Edward L. Eggleston Farm Mine — No. 976 on Map IV.
On Morgan Camp Run of Buckhannon, 0.8 mile northeast of the Parting Springs; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 3685' B.
Pt. In.
Slate, dark
Coal, splinty 0' 5 "
Coal, medium-hard 2 8%
Slate, dark 0 0%
Coal 0 5 3 7
Slate, pavement
In addition to the coal openings described on the previous pages, the accompanying table shows a list of oil and gzs well? that record coal at what appears to be the Campbell deck horizon in regions where it belongs under drainage. Another table is added showing the probable amount of this coal by magisterial districts, the areal extent of which was measured with planimeter by Tucker according to the surface and underground areas outlined for it on Map IV and Figure 15.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
List of Oil and Gas Wells Recording Campbell Creek (No. 2
.
► H
eg
a
§
Name of Well.
Location.
EHevatlon of mouth. A.
Depth to Cofl Feet.
ThicknesB. Peet.
Barbour County: Julia Hall No. 1
Upshur County: 83 j Sherman Heirs No. 2
Elk City, 1.6 ml. N. W..|1048L| 670J 2
Craddock, 0.7 ml. N. W.|2355B| 242| 3
Probable Amount of Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal.
Counties by Districts.
B
s
fe
0 ei 0
eS
In
Oq
o
Upshur:
Union
Washington Banks
Totals
1J60| 153.331.200 6,133,248
Randolph:
Roaring Creek...
.Middle Fork
HuttonsviUe . . . Mingo
2H 2% 2%
Totals
Totals for Area |172.701
Eagle Coal.
The Eagle Coal, previously discussed in Chapter VIII, page 282, and shown by outcrop on Map IV in those region where it is of possible minable value, is of no commercial importance in the three counties except in Middle Fork District, Randolph, where it has been opened locally at several points, and where it shows a variable thickness of 2 to 4 feet. Figure 16 shows its probable areal extent as a minable seam.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 693
Eagle CoaU Philippi District Bjrboar.
In Barbour County, a coal 1' 6" thick was noted along the Tygart Valley River, just north of Adma, at Coal Exposure No. 987 on Map II, having an elevation of 1465' B., and being 30 feet above the river, that seems to be near the Eagle horizon and probably represents it. It was not noted elsewhere in the county.
Eagle Coaly Banks District Upshur.
In Banks District, the Ernest Stutzman Farm Mine (No. 988 on Map IV), noted by Teets on Millsite Run of Right Fork of Buckhannon River, 2 miles northeast of Selbyville, appears to represent the Eagle Coal. The mine had fallen shut, but vras reported 2' 4" thick, its elevation being B.
Eagle CoaU Roaring Creek District Randolph,
In Roaring Creek District, what appears to be the Eagle horizon was once opened at Coal Prospect No. 989 on Map' IV, on Left Fork of Middle Fork River, 0.7 mile south of Gale. The old digging had fallen shut and its thickness was not learned, the elevation being 1850' B., and its interval below the Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal, 60 feet.
Eagle Coalt Middle Fork District, Randolph.
The Eagle Coal has been opened at a few points along Middle Fork River in Middle Fork District, showing in some cases a fair thickness of low sulphur coal. The following prospects were noted :
Lloyd Zickefoose Farm Mine — No. 990 on Map IV.
On Long Run of Middle Fork River, 0.2 mile east of Loda; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2630' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, sandy
Coal, medium-hard 2 11
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 990 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Stephen Womelsdorff Prospect— No. 990A on Hap IV.
On Caeslty Fork of Middle Fork River, ] mile southeaBt of Cassltr; Eagle Coar; elevation, 21S6' B.
Pt In.
2. Coal, BOft, columnar 1'
G. Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from Nos. 2 and 4 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No, 990A in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Frank Phares Prospect (No. 990B on Map IV), located on Left Fork of Middle Fork, 1 mile northwest of Cassity, measured 3' 9" as shown in detail in the section for Cassity, page 170, its elevation being 2400' B.
The Rosencrants Heirs Prospect (No. 991 on Map IV), located on Cassity Fork, 4.1 miles east of Cassity, at an elevation of 3040' B., and apparently representing the Eagle Coal, had fallen shut, but the coal was reported 4' 6" thick by Walter Brady, a resident. An attempt was once made to open the coal at Prospect No. 992 on Map IV, on Left Fork of Middle Fork River, 1 mile north of Adolph, but the place had fallen shut and only a few lumps of coal were visible on the dump, its elevation being 2415' B. TJie Simeon Kittle Farm Mine (No. 992A on Map IV), located on Left Fork of Middle Fork River, 2.1 miles southeast of Adolph, measured a total thickness of 2' 6", with an elevation of 2675' B., as exhibited in detail in the section for Big Laurel Thicket, page 176.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 693
James Shannon Farm Mine — No. 993 on Map IV.
On Left Fork of Middle Fork River, 1.8 miles southeast of Adolph; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2805' B.
Ft. In.
2. Coal, bony 0' 6"
8. Coal, soft, columnar 1 7 2 1
A sample was collected from No. 3 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 993 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Several openings have been made on the waters of Buckhannon River, the five following being reported by Teets :
Elkhom Coal Corporation Prospect — No. 994 on Map IV.
On Lower Dry Run of Left Fork of Buckhannon River, 2.4 miles southeast of Palace Valley; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2815' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black, eannelly
Coal 0' 4"
Coal, bony 0 5
Coal, soft 1 3
Slate, gray 1 4
Coal, soft 1 3 4 7
Slate, pavement
located on Left Fork of Right Fork of Buckhannon just west of Czar, had fallen shut and its thickness was not learned, the elevation being 2250' B. The John J. Zumbach Farm Mine (No. 996 on Map IV), located on the same fork just southeast of Czar, measured 1' 3" of soft coal, at an elevation of 2255' B
J. J. Wuerzer Farm Mine— No. 997 on Map IV.
On Trout Run, 1 mile southeast of Czar; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2455' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, visible 2 0
Slate, black 3 0
Coal, bony 0' 4"
Coal, soft 2 2 2 6
Slate, pavement
George Smith Farm Mine — No. 998 on Map IV.
On Trout Run, 1 mile southeast of Czar; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2450' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, visible 5 0
Slate, black 3 0
Coal, bony 0' 4"
Coal, soft 2 2 2 6
Slate, pavement,
The coal was once opened at Prospect No. 999 on Map IV, on Middle Fork of Buckhannon River, 0.6 mile south of Newlon, at an elevation of IQfXY B., but its thickness was not learned. It is also reported by Teets at the following locality :
William Kerign Farm Mine — No. 1000 on Map IV.
On Middle Fork of Buckhannon River, 2.3 miles southeast of New- Ion; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2225' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black
Coal 0' 4"
Slate, gray 0 9
Coal, good 1 1 2 2
Slate, pavement
On Right Fork of Buckhannon River, the John McCauley Bore Hole (131), located just west of Silica, was made to test the Eagle Coal, and according to Mr. McCauley, it was found a1 a depth of 12 feet, and with a thickness of 4 feet. The coal comes to the surface 0.2 mile southeast of Silica at the old sand plant, where, at Prospect No. 1001 on Map IV, it is reported to have been stripped from the river bed at low water, its elevation being 2360' B. The following opening shows what is probably the maximum development of the Eagle seam in western Randolph :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 697
John Gimmel Farm Mine — No. 1002 on Map IV.
On Right Fork of Buckhannon River, 0.7 mile south of Silica; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2440' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, bony 0' 6"
Coal, hard, splinty 2 2
Coal 1 4 4 0
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening by Teets, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 1002 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Holly Lumber Company Water Well (132), drilled at Pickens, encountered a 4-foot seam of coal at a depth of 5b feet, according to Dr. J. L. Cunningham, that would represent the Eagle. It would seem that further prospecting and drilling in this locality might disclose a considerable area of minable coal at this horizon.
Quantity of Eagle Coal Available.
In addition to the coal openings described on the previous pages, the accompanying table gives a list of oil and gas wells that record coal at what appears to be the Eagle horizon in regions where it is under drainage. Another table is added showing the probable amount of this coal by magisterial districts, the areal extent of which was measured with planimetcr by Tucker according to the surface and underground areas outlined for it on Map IV and Figure 16.
Coal.
List of Oil and Gas Wells Recording Eagle Coal.
o o
Name of Well.
d a .a
Ob M
Q
m
Ib
59A
Barbour County: Julia Hall No. 1
Upshur County: Isherwood & Cody No. 1 . . Silica Sand Co. No. 3. . . Sherman Heirs No. 1 . . . .
Elk City, 1.6 mi. N. W. .
Stockerts
Craddock, 0.3 mi. N. W.I2505B! 590 Craddock, 0.5 mi. N. E..J2025B{ 80
Probable Amount of Eiagle Coal.
Counties by Districts.
Co
Of
s
u
Oq
a
0?
h
U
Oq
-1
Ob
O Do
Upshur:
Washington Banks
Totals
l,867,862,8O0> 74,714,112 1.226,649.6001 49,066,984
Randolph:
Roaring Creek.. Middle Fork Huttonsville . . . Mingo
Totals
Totals for Area |178.10| 113,984|
Gilbert Coal.
The Gilbert Coal, previously discussed in Chapter VII T, pages 283-284, was noted only in portions of Middle Fork District, Randolph, where it is a thin seam, varying from 1 to 3 feet. Some of the prospects show a good grade of soft coal, that may become of value when the thicker seams have all been appropriated. Figure 17 shows its possible minablc extent.
Gilbert Coal, Middle Fork District, Randolph.
Most of the prospects found in the Gilbert Coal were along the Left Fork of Middle Fork River. Coal Prospect No. 1003 on Map IV, located on this stream, 2.4 miles north oi Long, measured 1' 11" of clean coal, according to Teets, with an elevation of 2125' B. At Prospect No. 1004 on Map IV, located on Middle Fork River, 0.4 mile west of Cassity, 1 foot of coal was visible, at an elevation of 2263' L. At the Robert Fox Farm Mine (No. 1005 on Map IV), located on Middle Fork River, 1.6 miles south of Cassity, 1 foot of coal wat visible, but the opening had fallen partly shut, the total thickness being reported 2 feet, and the elevation being 2215' B.
The Robert Fox Prospect (No. 1006 on Map IV), located on Middle Fork River, 1.7 miles south of Cassity, had fallen shut and its thickness was not learned, the elevation being
The coal was once opened at Prospect No. 1007 on Map IV, on Stonecoal Run, 2.5 miles south of Cassity, at an elevation of 2175' B., but the place had fallen shut and could not b-j measured. At the Charles Fincham Farm Mine (No. 1008 on Map IV), located on Laurel Run of Middle Fork River, 2 miles north of Adolph, there was 1' 1" of coal visible, the entire seam being reported 2' 0" thick, its elevation being 2260' B. The Moorc-Kcppel & Company Prospect (No. 1009 on Map IV), located on Schoolcraft Run, 1.3 miles northwest of Adolph, measured 1' 6" of clean .coal, at an elevation of 2395' B. Farm Mine No. 1010 on Map IV, located on a branch of Schoolcraft Run, 1.6 miles north of Blue Rock, measured 2' 4" of clean coal, at an elevation of 2830' B., the opening being located well up toward the crest of the Hiram Anticline. Prospect No. 1011 on Map IV, located on Middle Fork River, 0.8 mile north of Adolph, at an elevation of 2295' B., measured 1' 4" of coal.
Coal Prospect — No. 1012 on Map IV.
On Middle Fork Rtver, 0.6 mile north of Adolph; Gilbert Coar; elevation, 2350' B.
Ft. In.
Shale
Coal 0' 2"
Sh&le. gray 0 5
Coal 0 e
Shale, gray 0 B
Coal 0 8 a 6
Slate, pavement
Christian Goss Farm Mine — No. 1013 on Map IV.
On Birch Forli of Middle frlt River, 0.6 mile southeast of Blue Rock; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 2876' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive
Shale, sandy, dark 3 0
Coal, Boft 1' 3"
Shale, gray 0 4
Coal, soft 1 0 2 7
The Christian Goss Prospect (No. 1014 oh Map IV). located on Birch Fork of Middle Fork River, 0.6 mile southeast of Blue Rock, at an elevation of 2885' B., measured 2' 4" of clean coal. Another bench of coal 2' 6" thick was reported several feet below the upper layer.
On the waters of Buckhannon River, the coal was noted at a few points by Teets. The Steven Morgan Farm Mine {No. 1015 on Map IV), located on Left Fork, 0.2 mile south of Palace Valley, measured 2' 3" of clean coal, at an elevation of 2445' B. The F. F. Zumbach Prospect (No. 1016 on Map IV), located on Left Fork of Right Fork of Buckhannon, at Helvetia, had fallen shut and could not be measured, its elevation being 2275' B.
Quantity of Gilbert Coal Available.
The following table shows the probable amount of Gilbert Coal by magisterial districts, the areal extent of which was measured with planimeter by Tucker according to the surface and underground areas outlined for it on Map IV and Figure
'02
Coau
17. Xo prospects were obser\-ed in the southern end of Miidle Fork District and the northern end of Mingo, but the coals should thicken generally in that direction, the fact that this area is almost entirely wooded accounting for the lack of openings:
Probable Amount of Gilbert CoaL
Counties by DiBtricU.
Oq
Of
G
O
Oc
O O'
OB Of
S3
u
cj o
g 5°
Randolph:
Middle Fork Huttonsville Mingo
106. 30> 68,0321 5,926,947,840 237,077,914
Totals '124 . 15| 79,456 6.922,206.7201276.888.269
Minable Coals Of The Pottsville Series.
New River Group.
Hughes Ferry Coal.
The Hughes Ferry Coal, previously discussed in Chapter VIII, page 285, was observed principally in Middle Fork District, Randolph, where it is a good soft coal of the typical New River columnar type, being sometimes 2. feet thick. Figure 18 shows its possible minable extent.
Hughes Ferry Coaly Banks District Upshur.
In Banks District, the Hughes Ferry Coal was noted 1 eets at the James Morgan Farm Mine (No. 1017 on Map IV), on Bearcamp Run of Left Fork of Buckhannon River, 0.3 mile southwest of Shahan, where it measured 2' 0" of clean coal, its elevation being 2145' B.
3B*
Hughes Ferry CoaU Roaring Creek District Randolph.
The Hughes Ferry Coal was noted by Teets in Roaring Creek District on Left Fork of Middle Fork River, at Prospect No. 1018 on Map IV, located 2.3 miles north of Long, where it measured 2' 0" thick, with an elevation of 2110' B.
Hughes Ferry Coal Middle Fork District Randolph.
In Middle Fork District, scattered prospects were observed in the coal, indicating its probable general occurrence throughout a considerable part of this region. On Jenks Fork of Right Fork of Middle Fork River, it was noted by Teets at the Dora Poling Farm Mine (No. 1019 on Map IV), 1.2 miles south of Cubana. This opening had fallen shut and the thickness was not learned, the elevation being 2475' B. At Exposure No. 1020 on Map IV, located on Cassity Fork, 0.4 mile southeast of Cassity, the coal is visible in the public road, having a thickness of 1 foot and an elevation of 2040' B. Ai Prospect No. 1021 on Map IV, located on Left Fork of Middle Fork River, 1.7 miles south of Cassity, the coal was reported 1 foot thick, with an elevation of 2160' B. The coal is reported by Teets at a few points on the head of Laurel Branch of Middle Fork, where the rocks are rising rapidly toward the top of Rich Mountain. The Arch Shifflctt Farm Mine (No. 1022 on Map IV), located 3 miles northeast of Adolph, at an elevation of 2675' B., had fallen shut and could not be measured.
Joseph Currencc Farm Mine — No. 1023 on Map IV.
On Laurel Branch of Middle Fork River, 3 miles northeast of Adolph; Hughes Ferry Coal; elevation, 2910' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, soft 2' 1"
Shale 0 8
Coal, harder 1 0 3 9
Slate, pavement
West Virginia Geological Survey. 705
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 1023 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Joseph Currence Farm Mine (No. 1024 on Map IV), located about 3 miles northeast of Adolph, at an elevation of 2940' B., had fallen shut and could not be measured.
The coal has been prospected on the waters of Buckhannon River at a few points, the following being noted on Left Fork:
Elkhorn Coal Corporation Prospect — No. 1025 on Map IV.
On Lieft Fork of Buckhannon River, at Hartridge; Hughes Ferry Coal; elevation, 2912' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, dark, sandy 10 0
Coal, soft, columnar 2 0
Shale, hard, with plant fossils 3 0
A sample was collected from this opening by Teets, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 1025 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. This opening is 177 feet, by hand-level, above the Sewell Coal.
The Emil Metzner Farm Mine (No. 1026 on Map IV), located on Saltlick Run of Left Fork of Right Fork of Buckhannon, 2.5 miles southeast of Helvetia, measured 2' 0" of soft, columnar coal, according to Teets, with an elevation of 2655' B.
On Back Fork of Elk River, the coal is visible at Exposure No. 1027 on Map IV, located along the Alexander and and Eastern Railroad grade, 1.2 miles southeast of the Parting Springs, with a thickness of 2 feet, and an elevation of 3335' B., and at the Holly Lumber Co. Prospect (No. 1027A on Map IV), located on Zimmerly Run, 1.8 miles south of the Parting Springs, having a thickness of 1' 11" and an elevation of B.
Qaaniity of Hughes Ferry Coal Available.
The fact that the Hughes Ferry Coal has been prospected but little makes its exact extent and thickness somewhat uncertain, but it has usually shown a thickness of about two feet at the scattered openings available and it is also known to be present in good thickness on Mill Hun of Sugar Creek, in Webster County, immediately west of the Middle Fork District Line, It would therefore seem probable that further prospecting would reveal good coal at this horizon over a considerable portion of Middle Fork District, and some also in Roaring Creek and Banks Districts. The accompanying table gives a list of oil a-id gas wells that record coal at what appears to be the Hughes Ferry horizon in regions where it lies under drainage. Another table is added showing the probable amount of this coal by magisterial districts, the areal extent of which was measured with planimeter by Tucker on Map IV according to the surface and underground areas outlined for it on Figure 18.
List of Oil and Gas Wells Recording Hughes Ferry Coal.
Upihur County:
H. Peck No. 1
Silica Sand Co. No. 3.. SlUca Sand Co. No. 4 . .
Randolph County: BuckhannoD Chemical
Co. No. 1
Craddock, 0.3 ml. N. W.I2506B| 650
Craddock, 0.4 ml. E |2605BI 694
Newlou I190EL1 130| 1
Probable Amount of Hughes Ferry Coal.
% B
ConntleB by
Upthur:
Waahlngton
Mf
Randolph:
Roaring Creek... Middle Fork.. Huttoneville .
|14S.00[ 92.8001 8.084.736,0001323,389,440
I 9.15| 5,856 610,174,720| 20,406,989
I ]1.60{ 7,3eO| 641,203.2001 25,S4g,128
-I: — ri-
TotalB for Area |247.00J l66,080'fl3.771,929.60Q
Castle Coal.
The Castle Coal, previously discussed in Chapter VIII, page 287, was observed in the southeastern edge of Washington District, Upshur, and at scattered localities in Middle Fork District, Randolph, its usual thickness being about 2 feet, and its character being much the same as the other New River coals. Figure 19 shows its possible minable extent.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 709
Castle Coalj Washington District Upshur.
In Washington District, the Castle Coal was noted by Teets at several points along Jenks Fork of Middle Fork, as follows :
Clay Hinkle Farm Mine— No. 1028 on Map IV
On Jenks Fork of Middle Fork River, 1.8 miles west of Cubana; Castle Coal; elevation, 2120' B.
Ft In.
Slate, cannel, with marine fossils 4 0
Coal 1' 3"
Slate 0 3
Coal 0 6 2 0
Slate, pavement
Jefferson Hinkle Farm Mine — No. 1029 on Map IV.
On Jenks Fork, 2.2 mllea northeast of Hemlock; Castle Coal; elevation, 2145' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, cannel, with marine fossils
Coal 1 3
Slate, pavement
located on Jenks Fork, 1.5 miles northeast of Hemlock, at an elevation of TZAGf B., had fallen shut and could not be measured.
Elliott Zickefoose Farm Mine — No. 1031 on Map IV.
On Jenks Fork, 1.3 miles northeast of Hemlock; Castle Coal; elevation, 2275' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, soft V 9"
Coal, bony 0 4
Coal, soft 0 3 2 4
Castle Coal Middle Fork District Randolph.
In Middle Fork District, the Castle Coal was observed at various points, mainly on the Middle Fork River drainage basin. At Prospect No. 1032 on Map IV, located on Long Pwun, 0.3 mile west of Loda, the coal had been opened at an elevation of 2520' B., but had fallen shut and could not be measured. At Prospect No. 1033 on Map IV, located on Middle Fork River just west of Cassity, the opening had fallen shut, being reported as slightly over 2 feet by Reuben Zirkle, and having an elevation of 2180' B. The A. J. Long Prospect (No. 1034 on Map IV), located on Middle Fork River just southwest of Cassity, at an elevation of 2180' L., had fallen partly shut, being reported 2 feet thick, 1 foot of which was visible.
The coal is reported by Teets at Prospect No. 1035 on Map IV, located on Left Fork of Right Fork of Buckhannon River, 1.6 miles northeast of Pickens, with a thickness of 1' 3" and an elevation of 2510' B.
On the Back Fork of Elk River, the coal was noted at the Holly Lumber Co. Prospect (No. 1035A on Map IV), located on Zimmerly Run, 1.8 miles south of the Parting Springs, with a thickness of 1' 11" and an elevation of 3070' B.
Castle CoaU Huttonsville District Randolph.
The following exposure, located on the waters of Tygart Valley River, near the southern end of the Belington Syncline, probably represents the Castle Coal :
Coal Exposure — No. 1035B on Map IV.
On Mill Creek, 3.4 miles southeast of Beech Run; Castle Coal; elevation, 2820' B.
Ft In.
Coal 1' 6"
Slate, black 0 4
Coal, cannel bone 1 3 3 O'
Fire clay shale in creek
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Besides the surface openings named above, the Castle Coal was found in several diamond drill borings on Middle Fork and Buckhannon Rivers, as may be noted in the table of abbreviated records for Randolph County, page 421, and as elsewhere published in detail. It was also found in the Sherman Heirs No. 2 (83) gas well, near Craddock, the depth to the coal being 545 feet and its thickness 3 feet.
Quantity of Castle Coal Available.
The following table shows the probable amount of Castle Coal available, as determined with planimeter by Tucker, according to the surface and underground areas outlined for it on Map IV and Figure 19. These figures can not be regarded as final owing to the lack of prospects in some portions of the region outlined:
Probable Amount of Castle Coal.
Counties by Districts.
o
Oq
Oq
o
a
Oq
o
m
o
a
p
so o u o
o
Upshur:
Washington Banks
aa
H Co
Oq
Totals . . Randolph:
Middle Fork. Huttonsville Mingo
Totals
Totals for Area |208 . 35|
8Ewell Coal.
The Sewell Coal, previously discussed in Chapter VIII, pages 290-291, and shown by outcrop on Map IV in those regions where it is of minable thickness, is of value principally in those Districts of Randolph County embraced in this Report, Middle Fork having a much greater area of good coal at this horizon than the other Districts. The thickness of this coal varies from 2 to 5 feet, the seam being usually free from slate partings except for a characteristic streak of bony coal at the base. This coal is of uniformly good quality, having the typical soft, columnar appearance of the New River coal. It has been mined commercially at two or three points in Randolph, but these mines are not now in operation. Figure 20 shows its probable minable extent.
Sewell CoaU Glade District Barbour.
In Glade District, the horizon of the Sewell, or Sharon, Coal is exposed along the crest of the Laurel Ridge, but, so far as known, has seldom been prospected and probably contains little minable coal in this region. The following opening seems to represent it, having the typical bony coal in the bottom :
Stewart L. Johnson Farm Mine— No. 1038 on Map II*
On Laurel Ridge, at the head of a branch of Teter Creek, 2.4 miles northeast of Kirt; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2745' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, sandy 7 0
Coal, soft, good 1' 0"
Coal, bony 1 0 2 0
Slate, pavement
Sewell CoaU Leadsville District Randolph.
In Leadsville District, the Sewell Coal was noted along the Tygart Valley River gorge where this river cuts through the Laurel Ridge. The Elkins Electric Railway Company Prospect (No. 1039 on Map IV), located 1.9 miles east of
Roaring Creek Junction, measured 2' 8" of clean, soft coal, with an elevation of 2093' B. The southern end of Laurel Ridge might contain a considerable body of this coal, the raining of which would be somewhat difficult, owing to the steep structural slope.
Sewell Coalf Roaring Creek District Randolph.
In Roaring Creek District, the Sewell Coal has been opened in two localities, one of these being along the western slope of Rich Mountain, east of Roaring Creek, and the other along the waters of Middle Fodc River, where the Hiram Anticline brings the New River Group above drainage. In both of these regions, the coal is of good thickness and quality, having the typical New River appearance and composition.
On the Tygart Valley River, the coal was once opened at the Claude W. Maxwell Farm Mine (No. 1040 on Map IV), located 1.7 miles southeast of Roaring Creek Junction, at an elevation of 2090' B. According to Teets, the opening had fallen shut and its thickness was not learned. The Martin Roy Farm Mine (No. 1041 on Map IV), located on Rich Mountain just east of the crest and 2.5 miles southeast of Roaring Creek Junction, and probably in the edge of Beverly District, had fallen shut at the time it was visited by Teets, the coal being reported as slightly less than 3 feet, its elevation being 2615' B. The Claude W. Maxwell Farm Mine (No. 1042 on Map IV), located on the west side of the crest of the mountain on Roaring Creek waters, had fallen shut at the time of Teets' visit and could not be measured, its elevation being 2660' B.
At the low gap where the Parkersburg and Staunton Turnpike crosses Rich Mountain, the coal has been mined for many years, a large amount having been hauled eastward to the Tygart Valley in the years before railroad transportation was available there. Prospect No. 1043 on Map IV, located on the waters of Laurel Run, 3 miles southeast of Mabie, at an elevation of 2990' B., had fallen shut and could not be measured. The following local mine is still in operation on what has long been known as the Hart property :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 715
Grace Hart Johnson Farm Mine— No. 1044 on Map IV.
On Rich Mountain, at the head of Laurel Run, 3.2 miles southeast of Mahie; Sewell Coal; elevation, 3010' B.
Ft In.
Slate, black
Coal, soft, with streaks of mineral charcoal 3 10
Slate, black, bony 1 0
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected at this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 1044 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The coal was once opened at Prospect No. 1045 on Map IV, on a branch of Laurel Run of Roaring Creek, 2.5 miles southeast of Mabie, at an elevation of B., but the place had fallen shut and could not be measured. The Taylor George Farm Mine (No. 1046 on Map IV), located on a branch of Laurel Run of Roaring Creek, 2.5 miles southeast of Mabie, measured 3' 9" of clean, soft coal, at an elevation of 2850' B.
In the Middle Fork River region of Roaring Creek District, the two following openings were noted:
Farm Mine— No. 1047 on Map IV.
On Middle Fork River, at the mouth of Long Run, 2.4 miles north of Long; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1900' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive.
Coal, soft r 10"
Slate, black 0 1
Coal, soft 1 7 3 6
Slate, pavement, and concealed, to Long Lun 5 0
Farm Mine No. 1048 on Map IV, located on Long Run, 2 miles north of Long, at an elevation of L., had fallen shut and could not be measured.
7l6 COAL.
Sewell CoaU Middle Fork District, Randolph.
In Middle Fork District, the Sewell Coal has been opened at numerous points and has been mined on a commercial scale, furnishing a most excellent coal at nearly all points where it has been used. Several openings have been made on the waters of Middle Fork River, the following having been noted on Long Run :
Elijah Newlon Farm Min— No. 1049 on Map IV.
On Long Run, 0.7 mile north of Long; Sewoll Coal; elevation. 2046' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone
Coal, soft 2' 8"
Coal, bony 0 4 3 0
Concealed to Long Run
The three following openings are reported by Teets :
Hartford Newlon Farm Mine — No. 1050 on Map IV.
On Long Run. 0.6 mile west of Long; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2065' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone
Coal 2' 8"
Coal, bony 0 4 3 0
Ira Shockey Farm Mine — No. 1051 on Map IV.
On Long Run, at Long; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2120' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone
Coal, soft 3' 0"
Coal f bony 0 6 3 6
Slate, pavement,
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 1051 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 717
J. A. Enlow Farm Mine — No. 1052 on Map IV.
On Long Run, 0.4 mile north of Loda; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2300' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive, roof, visible 6 0
Coal, soft 2' 7"
Coal, bony 0 10 3 5
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 1052 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The coal was once opened at Prospect No. 1053 on Map IV, on Long Run, at Loda, but the place had fallen shut and could not be measured, its elevation being 2i2fy B.
On Middle Fork River, several openings have been made in the vicinity of Cassity, the following having been noted :
Moore-Keppel & Company Prospect — No. 1054 on Map IV.
On Middle Fork River, 1.2 miles northwest of Cassity; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2115' B.
Ft. In
Slate, dark
Coal, soft 2' 10"
Slate, bony, visible 0 6 3 4
At the following opening, the coal has been mined for railroad, steam, and domestic fuel, by Moore-Keppel & Com- ])any for its various lumber operations :
Moore-Keppel & Company Mine — No. 1055 on Map IV.
On Middle Fork River, 0.8 mile northwest of Cassity; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2040' B.
Ft. In.
1. Sandstone, massive, visible 10 0
2. Coal, soft 2' 6"
A sample was collected from No. 2 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 1055 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
7l8 COAL.
located on Middle Fork River, 0.7 mile northwest of Cassity, at an elevation of 2055' B., had fallen shut and could not be measured.
R. O. Zirkle Farm Mine— No. 1057 on Map IV.
On Middle Fork River, 0.5 mile northwest of Cassity; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2030' B.
Ft. In.
2. Coal, soft 2' 7"
A sample was collected from No. 2 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 1057 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
At the extreme head of Cassity Fork, the coal comes to the surface near the crest of Rich Mountain where the two following openings were found :
Clarence (?) Ltxtz Prospect — No. 1058 on Map IV.
On a branch of Cassity Fork, 4.6 miles east of Cassity; Swell Coal; elevation, 3005' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, dark 10 0
Coal, soft 4' 0"
Coal, bony 1 2 6 2
Slate, pavement
located on the same branch of Cassity Fork, 4.6 miles east of Cassity, at an elevation of SOSO' B., had fallen shut and could not be measured, its thickness being reported more than 9 feet. It is quite probable that the measurement was taken at a point where the bed stood at a considerable angle, as this thickness is much greater than was observed at any opening.
The following opening was noted by Teets near the summit of Rich Mountain, on another branch of Cassity :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 719
William Currence Farm Min— No. 1060 on Map IV.
On Panther Run of Cassity Fork, 4.7 miles southeast of Cassity; Sewell Coal; elevation, 3035' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive 6 0
Coal 2' 6"
Coal, bony 0 8 3 2
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 1060 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
On Three Forks Run two openings have been made in the Sewell and one of these is reported as follows by Teets :
A. J. Long Farm Mine — No. 1061 on Map IV.
On Middle Fork River, at the mouth of Three Forks Run, 0.5 mile southwest of Cassity; Swell Coal; elevation, 2040' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, roof
Coal, very soft 2' 2"
Coal, soft 1 8 3 10
Slate, pavement
The other opening shows the following structure :
A. J. Long Farm Mine— No. 1062 on Map IV.
On Three Forks Rtn, 0.7 mile southwest of Cassity; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2070' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive 5 0
Coal, soft 2' 10"
Coal, bony 1 7 4 5
Slate, pavement
Some valuable tests, principally of the Sewell Coal near Cassity, have been made for C. W. Maxwell, of Elkins, and others, and through the courtesy of Mr. Maxwell, these have been placed at the disposal of the Survey, the results being as follows :
Tests of Sewell Coal from A. J. Long Mine (No. 1061) at mouth of Three Forks, near Cassity, Randolph
County.
Analysis.
Per cent.
Moisture 1.18
Volatile Matter 27.80
Fixed Carbon 65.12
Ash 6 . 90
Total 100.00
Sulphur 0.67
Phosphorus 0 .032
Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory, Lab. No. 38863. (Signed) Jas. O. Handy, Chief Chemist.
Coking Test.
Where Coked — Mt. Hope Coke Co. oven, Fayette, Co., Pa.
Type of coal charged — 6" by 30" rectangular.
Amount charged — ten tons.
Depth of coal in coke oven — 2 ft. 4 in.
Time of burning— 48 hours.
Depth of coke in oven — 2 ft. 6 in.
Appearance of coke when made — Good, firm, and with silvery lustre.
Method of drawing coke — Pushing ram.
Disposition of coke to push — More readily than ConnellsvlUe coke.
Combustion action in oven — Coal Inclined to expand slightly to side walls of oven, fissured well in coking, general action good.
Debris of breeze' attendant — Perceptibly less than Connellsville coke.
Size of coke — Fairly passive, considerable horizontal fracture in structure.
Condition of coke oven — Good.
Heated condition of oven previous to charging — Low: Coal charged in oven Tuesday, March 4th, after a 72-hour charge had been drawn, consequently oven would be at lowest temperature.
Remarks:
As the Superintendent of Mt. Hope Coke Company had no previous experience with the coking of this class of coal, the methods in service for coking Connellsville coals were adhered to throughout and without the slightest deviation therefrom, the wisdom of which is shown in the result obtained. It is probable that the regulation of air when the coal was burning would have produced even more favorable results, but under the condition, experiment could not be resorted to, and at least this test has established the fact that New River coal of the quality coked has made a good record.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 721
Analysis of Coke.
Per cent.
Moisture 0.18
Volatile Matter 0.62
Fixed Carbon 90.78
Ash 8.42
Total 100.00
Sulphur 0.62
Crushing strength, 1" cube, by pounds 3 . 940
Specific gravity 1.71
Apparent specific gravity 914
Per cent, of cells by volume 46.74
CC In 100 grams 51.33
Analysis No. 29331. The Metallurgical Laboratory,
Pittsburgh, Pa., March 15, 1913. (Signed) Jos. J. Milleit Mgr.
Remarks:
The coal from which this coke was manufactured had an unusual and efTectlve mixing, as follows: I. — Mined. . II. — Loaded In mine car. in. — Dumped from mine car to platform. IV. — Lioaded from platform Into wagons and hauled to railroad car. V. — Unloaded from wagons into car. VI. — Shoveled back In car. VII. — Unloaded and reloaded into second railroad car at Belington, W. Va. VIII. — Unloaded from car on to ground at Mt. Hope, Pa. IX. — Reloaded into wagon and hauled to mine cars. X. — Unloaded Into mine cars. XI. — Dumped from mine cars into Charging Larry. XII. — From Larry into coke oven
By-Product Coking Test.
Formation and Series — Middle PottsvlUe. Series XII
Coal Vein — Fire Creek No. 8 or Beckley No. 9 (Sewell, D. B. R.).
Size of coal vein — 48 to 50 inches.
Appearance of coal vein — Good, a shining black coal.
Foreign mixture of strata — No strata, some thin shale at top of coal
vein. No material affecting coal. Roofing of coal vein — Sandstone. Clay mixed at top of vein. Situation — Middle Fprk River, Randolph County, W. Va.
Proximate Analysis.
Per cent.
Moisture 29.10
Fixed Carbon 68.00
Ash 2.90
Total 100.00
Sulphur 0.80
Distillation Yield.
Per cent.
Tar 4.116
Water 4 . 511
Per cent.
Qaa b7 weight 13.794
Total VolatUe Matter 23.788
Coke Yield 78.212
aa Combined 0 . 192
Sulpliate J Total 1.272
par net ton of CMl:
Cubic (eet of Oao— O'C, No. 0. (Hg. Dry. excl. CO, A. H,S. 8990 IncL 9187, (IGOC. 3) Hg. Sat. excl. CO, ft H,S 9546 Incl. 98G8.
Practical VIeld.
Oallons of tar G.4
Pounds of Sulphate 18.0
Mine No. on Map IV.
Coal Seam
Sewell
Eagle
Sewell
Sewell
Name of Mine.
Q. a. Shiflett
Uoyd
W.D.
A. J.
Cur-
Long
foose.
Three
Head of
Mouth of
Forks.
Casslty.
Three Forks.
Sample No.
Volatile Matter..
Fixed Carbon...,
Aeh
Two openings were noted by Teets on Laurel Branch, as follows :
Henry Moats Farm Mine — No. 1063 on Map IV.
Slate
Coat, soft
Shale, gray. . Coal, bony.. .
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No, 1063 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Arthur Shiflett Farm Mine— No. 1064 on Map IV.
On Laurel Brancli o( Middle Fork River, 8.2 mllea northeast of Adolphi Sewell Coal; elevatlan, 2600' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, maasiTe, roof
Coal, soft 1' 11"
Coal, bony 1 2 3 1
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of vthich is published under Mine No. 1064 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
On the waters of Buckhannon River, several openings have been made, one of which Teets reports as follows on the waters of Right Fork :
Emil Metzner Farm Mine — No. 1065 on Map IV.
Oh Saltlick Run of Left Fork of Right Fork of Buckliannoii River, 1.7 miles southeast of Helvetia; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2406' B.
Ft. In.
Slate ;
Coal, soft 1' 7'
Slate, gray, h&rd 0 1
Coal, soft 0 9
Shale, gray 0 1
Coal, hard, bony 0 6 S 0
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 1065 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
On Left Fork the following prospect, noted by Teets, is the most northern exposure of the Sewell observed on this branch :
Elkhom Coal Corporation Prospect — No. 1066 on Map IV.
Coal, Bon r 11"
Sl&te, gray 0 1
bony 0 10 2 10
Slate, pavement
Farther up the same fork, the coal was once mined commercially by the Rich Mountain Coal Company at Beech Run and Hartridge, but since the property has been acquired by other interests both mines have been abandoned temporarily and their entrances sealed with concrete barriers, making it impossible to enter them and secure sections and samples. The following measurement was made at the entrance to the old Beech Run Mine :
Elkhom Coal Corporation, Beech Run Mine — No. 1067 on Map IV.
Coal, rotten, 8well "B"
Shale, dark, soft
Shale, dark, harder, with numeronB plant fOBslli
Coal, soft, columnar 2' T
Coal, bony 0 S Sttwell
Slate, pavement..
Another old opening on the same run is reported as follows by Teets :
Elkhom Coal Corporation, Beech Camp Mine — No. 1068 on Map IV.
On Beech Run, 1,6 miles south of Beech Run village; Sewall Coal; elevation, 2760' B.
Ft. In.
Slate
Coal, Boft 3' 0"
Coal 0 6 3 t
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composi-
West Virginia Geological Survey. 725
tion of which is published under Mine No. 1068 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Elkhom Coal Corporation, Hartridge Mine (No. 1069 on Map IV), located on Left Fork of Buckbannon at Hartridge, with an elevation of 2735' B., where the coal was formerly mined commercially by the Rich Mountain Coal Company, was sealed with concrete and no coal was'visible at outcrop, making it impossible to obtain a measurement. The Daniel Tenney Farm Mine (No. 1069 A on Map IV), located on the west side of the river at Hartridge, with an elevation of 2735' B., had also fallen shut.
Several samples of the Sewell Coal were collected by Hart Brothers, of Clarksburg, former owners of the Rich Mountain Coal Company, from Buckhannon River and Rich Mountain, which were analyzed by the Survey and the results published in Bulletin 2, pages 252-254 (1911). These analyses, together with the comments of Dr. White, are herein republished in full because they furnish the only available information on these abandoned mines :
''In recent months these New River coals have been opened for commercial shipments by the Rich Mountain Coal Co., owned principally by Hart Bros., of Clarksburg, along the line of the Alexander and Eastern Railway on the Left Fork of the Buckhannon River, in Randolph County. The following analyses of these New River coals from Randolph County, made in the Survey Laboratory, will give a good idea of their quality:
Moisture 0.57 0.80 0.98 1.3S 0.56 0.87 0.78 0.88
Volatile Matter 29.89 29.40 29.07 30.77 27.14 81.01 26.27 29.08
Fixed Carbon 67.69 64.68 66.19 66.54 64.42 68.96 63.58 65.15
Ash 1.85 5.12 8.81 2.86 7.88 4.16 9.42 4.94
Totals 100.00 100.00 100.00 100-00 100.00 lOO.OO 100.00 100.00
Sulphur 0.91 0.71 0.98 0.68 1.52 0.58 0.78 0.86
Phosphorus ..0.018 0.006 0.006 0.014 0.027 0.008 0.009 0.018
B. T. U 15196 14489
"Location of Samples.
No. 1. Coal (most probably Sewell) from Holland farm, Rich Mountain, Randolph County, W. Va.
No. 2. Beech Run Mine (No. 1067 on Map IV, D. B. R.), Rich Mountain Coal Co., Randolph County, W. Va.
No. 3. Tenney Mine (No. 1069 or 1069A on Map IV, D. B. R.), Rich Mountain Coal Co., Randolph County, W. Va.
No. 4. 'Camp No. 11,' Rich Mountain Coal Co., Randolph County, W. Va.
No. 6. Coal from old opening, top of Rich Moontain, near Kln.s. Randolph County, W. Va.
No. 6. Han Mine (No. 1044 on Map iV, D. B. R.), top of Rich Moantain. Randolph County. W. Va near BeYerly.
No. 7. Coal from old opening, top Rich Mountain, near KlkinH, Randolph County. W. Va.
'These analyses speak for themselves in revealing coals of greai excellence. The Tolatlle matter, it will be noted, is considerably higher than on New River, and the coal would certainly yield a of great purity.
"The ultimate analyses of samples 1 and 5 were also determined by Prof. Uite with the following results:
Carbon 83.00 79.55
Hydrogen 5.48 5.41
Oxygen 7.32 4.46
Nitrogen 1.44 1.18
Sulphur 0.91 1.52
Ash 1.85 7.88
Totals 100.00 100.00
Calorimeter B. T. U 15.196 14,489
Calculated B. T. U 14,937 14.639
"The Rich Mountain Coal Company has built some beehive ovens to coke these New River coals at the head of the Left Fork of the Buckhannon River in Randolph County, and the results have proven very satisfactory, according to Messrs. Hart Bros., who report the analysis of their coke made by Messrs. Smith. Rudy & Co., of Philadelphia. as given below. A sample of this coke made at the BLartridge mine was also sent to the Survey olflce for analysis, and the results are given below:
Analysis Analysis
made by made by
Smith, Rudy W. Va. Geol. & Company. Survey.
Moisture 0.21 0.36
Volatile Matter l.ie" 0.29
Fixed Carbon 93.71 92.68
Ash 4.92 6.67
Totals 100.00 100.00
Sulphur 0.83 0.82
Phosphorus 0.005 0.010
"These analyses reveal a coke of the very highest quality for metallurgical purposes, being very low in both ash and sulphur and high in fixed carbon, with most excellent cell structure and bright silvery lustre."
The Elkhom Coal Corporation Prospect (No. 1070 on Map IV), located at the junction of Morgan Camp and Phillips
Camp Runs, 0.8 mile south of Hartridge, had l could not be measured, its elevation being 27 !
In that portion of Middle Fork Districi Pickens, and drained by the waters of Sugar ! Fork of Elk River, only a few mines and proi made in the Sewell, but these reveal a coal the following having been noted :
Ranwood Lumber Company Exposure — No. 1
On Sugar Greek, 4.3 miles south of Pickens; 8 i tlon, 2575' B.
Sandstone, massive
Shale, black, Hartridge
Coal, soft
. Fire clay shale, gray, with plant fossils
Shale, dark, with ferriferous limestone, to creeli
The following mine lately opened on the Tract supplies coal for the locomotives of the : ber Company on its narrow gauge line to Pic :
Ranwood Lumber Company Mine — No. 107:
On Sugar Creek (Holly District, Webjter), 5 mi ( ens; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2550' B.
Sandstone, shaly
Shale, sandy, dark
Coal, medium-soft
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this place t was driven into the hill, the composition of wh under Mine No. 1072 in the table of coal anal of this Chapter.
Another sample, collected by the Lur farther under the hill and analyzed in the lali Survey, shows the following:
Per cent.
Moisture 0.96
Volatile Matter 31.81
Fixed Carbon 62.44
Ash 4.79
T6tal 100. 00
Sulphur 0.66
A sample of the coal from this mine, collected by Mr. W. Ewing, of Pickens, W..Va., and analyzed by the Sandusky Cement Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, yielded the following results as reported by Wm. B. Newberry, Assistant
Manager :
Per cent
Volatile matter 29.73
Fixed carbon 64.20
Ash 6.07
Total 100.00
Iron oxide in ash 3.72
Iron oxide in coal 0.28
Color of ash light buff
The Middle Fork District Line extends south as far as Back Fork of Elk River, practically all of this southern area being virgin or cut-over woodland where a few coal proshave been made. 'The two following openings were observed in the Sewell Coal, one of which is just across the line in Webster County :
Coal Prospect — No. 1073 on Map IV.
On Back Fork of Elk River (Holly District, Webster). 2 miles northeast of Waneta; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2700' B.
Ft. In.
Shale, dark, sandy 20 0
Coal, soft 3' 10"
Coal, bony 0 6 4 4
Fire clay, gray, witlj plant fossils 4 0
The gray fire clay shale, with numerous plant roots, is a typical feature of the floor of the Sewell Coal all the way through the Rich Mountain and Point Mountain region of Randolph County.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 729
Coal Prospect — No. 1074 on Map IV.
On Hull Camp Run of Back Fork of Elk River, 2.8 miles northeast of Waneta; Sevirell (7) Coal; elevation, 2820' B.
Ft. In.
Slate, black
Coal, hard, splinty 1 6
Shale, sandy, visible 2 0
There is considerable doubt as to whether this prospect represents the Sewell Coal, as its thickness is not sufficient and it lacks the typical bony coal and the plant shale at the base. It might be that further prospecting would reveal the full thickness of Sewell Coal at this locality.
Mr. Lee A. Hamrick, of Waneta, according to his own report, has recently prospected this coal on Mitchell Run, finding a thickness of 3' 0". He has also partially opened it on Zimmerly Run, where it shows the following:
Holly Lumber Company Prospect — No. 1074A on Map IV.
On Zimmerly Run of Back -Fork of Elk River, 1.8 miles south of the Parting Springs; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2985' B.
Ft. In.
Coal blossom, not opened up.
Sandstone, massive 6 0
Slate, black 4 0
Coal 1 6
Fire clay shale to run 5 0
Sewell CoaU Huttonsville District Randolph.
Only a small strip of land along the western edge of Huttonsville District is underlain with coal, as the eastward rise of the rocks toward the great arch that parallels the Tygart Valley River has elevated the coal measures to a great height and they have been eroded over most of the District. According to Teets, the coal was once opened at the Jacob and Mike Bosworth Farm Mine (No. 1075 on Map IV), located on a branch of Mill Creek, just east of the crest of Rich Mountain, and 2.4 miles northeast of Adolph. This old opening had fallen shut and could not be measured, its elevation being B.
On the main Mill Creek, the coal was once opened and mined on a semicommercial basis when lumber operations were in active progress along that stream, but since the timber work has ceased, the mines have been abandoned owing to their inaccessibility through the removal of the railroad. The following is a section made at the mouth of the east opening of the old mine :
H. G. Davis Heirs Mine (Abandoned) — No. 1076 on Map IV.
On Mill Creek, 2.7 miles west of Lee Bell; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2730' B.
Ft In.
Sandstone, massive
Concealed, sandy shale, and dark slate 16 0
Coal, soft r 6"
Slate, bony 0 6
Coal, soft 2 0 3 11
Concealed to massive sandstone 30 0
A sample was once collected from this mine by Dr. White, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 1076 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. Dr. White's visit to this locality was made at a time when the active lumber and coal operations gave better opportunity for observing these coals than is possible on account of the wilderness of briers and brush that now covers this region. His valuable discussion of this region is available in Volume pages 238-240, to which the reader is referred.
The following section was measured at the central opening directly north of the old tipple :
H. G. Davis Heirs Mine (Abandoned) — No. 1077 on Map IV.
On Mill Creek, 2.7 miles west of Lee Bell; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2710' B.
Pt In
Slate, black
Coal, soft 1' 0"
Slate, black 0 6
Coal, soft 2 0
Coal, bony 0 5 3 11
Shale, gray, with plant fossils
West Virginia Geological Survey. 73 1
The following very interesting section was measured at the mouth of the west opening which is now completely fallen shut:
H. G. Davis Heirs Mine (Abandoned)— No. 1077A on Map IV.
On Mill Creek, 2.7 miles west of Lee Bell; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2705' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, massive 10 0
Shale, dark, sandy 6 0
Coal, slaty 0 9
Slate, black, with plant fossils and hard lentils
containing Naladlte, Hartrldge Shale 5 0
Coal, thickness concealed, main bed
The fossils found in the roof shales of the coal at this point are the same as those found in such profusion at Hartridge and which have been later found at numerous points across Webster County in the roof shales of the Sewell Coal.
In the discussion of this region by Dr. White, as noted above, an exposure of the Sewell Coal is mentioned in Stonecoal Run about two miles above the Davis mine and about one-fourth mile above the mouth of the run, showing a total of 5' 3" of the coal and slate. This exposure the writer was unable to locate so as to place it definitely on the map.
Sewell CoaU Mingo District Randolph.
In Mingo District, the Sewell Coal is exposed along Point Mountain south of the Back Fork of Elk River, where there is a fine body of exceptionably pure coal. Several openings 3 re available, the following mine having been recently started on the land of the Holly Lumber Company :
Croft Lumber Company Mine — No. 1078 on Map IV.
On Back Fork of Elk River, 1.8 miles south of the Parting Springs; Sewell Coal; elevation, 8000' B.
Ft. In.
2. Coal, slaty 1' 8"
3. Shale, gray, 3' 0" to 1 0
4. Coal, soft, columnar 3 8 6 4
''Principal office, Alexander; coal owned by Holly Lumber Company; present dally capacity, 85 tone; 9 men employed; coal used for locomotives on Alexander and Ekustem Railroad; sample collected from No. 4 of section in Main Heading; R. M. Chandler, Superintendent, authority for mine data."
The composition of this sample is published under Mine No. 1078 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The coal is also reported to have been opened on the Back Fork at the Lutz Lumber Camp, located 1.4 miles southeast of the Parting Springs, its exact thickness not being noted.
The Hale and Keimcy Prospect (No. 1079 on Map IV), located on Vandevender (Coalbank) Fork, 3.8 miles northwest of Monterville, measured 3' 7" of clean coal, at an elevation of B. The Strader Heirs Prospect (No. 1080 on Map IV), located on Vandevender Fork, 3.3 miles northwest of Monterville, at an elevation of B., had fallen shut, its thickness being reported 3 feet by Lee A. Hamrick.
William Vandevender Heirs Farm Mine — No. 1081 on
Map IV.
On Vandevender Fork of Back Fork, 2.5 miles northwest of Mod.- terville; Sewell Coal; elevation, 3530' B.
Ft In.
2. Coal, soft, columnar 3' 8"
A sample was collected from No. 2 of section, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 1081 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. It will be noted that the same bony slate or bony coal is visible here as at other mines farther north.
The following opening is reported by Teets on the east side of Rich Mountain on the Tygart Valley drainage :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 733
Lee Swecker Farm Mine — No. 1082 on Map IV.
On Stony Run of BIkwater Fork of Tygart Valley River, 2.3 miles northwest of MontervlUe; Sewell Coal; elevation, 3536' B.
Ft. In.
Sandstone, shaly. ,
Coal, soft ; 3' 0"
Coal, bony 0 8 3 8
Slate, pavement
The two openings noted above are at the angle where the Rich Mountain veers suddenly westward toward Webster Springs, being given the name of Point Mountain in distinction to the former name which is applied only to the north leg of the angle. Several openings have been made along Point Mountain, some of them being on the Back Fork side and some on the waters of Valley Fork of Elk.
The Davis said Elkins Prospect (No. 1083 on Map IV), located on Point Mountain at the head of Hewett Fork of Back Fork of Elk, at an elevation of 3695 feet, had been opened by stripping, the hole being partly full of water. Above the water 3' 0" of clean coal was visible, the total depth from the top of the coal to the bottom of the pit being 4' 2", the lower portion of which probably includes the usual streak of bony coal. The Hale and Kcnney Prospect (No. 1084 on Map IV), located on Point Mountain on Redlick Run of Valley Fork, at an elevation of 3600' B., had fallen shut, the coal being reported 3' 10" thick by Lee A. Hamrick.
S. C. Riggleman Farm Mine— No. 1065 on Map IV.
On Redlick Run of Valley Fork of Elk, on south side of Point Mountain; Sewell Coal; elevation, 3530' B.
Ft In.
Sandstone, shaly
Slate, dark
Coal, medium-hard 3' 6"
Coal, bony 0 2 3 8
Sandstone, massive 12 0
Coal, reported 1 6
Hale and Kenney Farm Mine— No. 1086 on Map IV.
On south side of Point Mountain at the head of Hickoryllck Run of Valley Fork of Blk, 2.4 miles northwest of Blue Spring; Sewell Coal; elevation, 3426' B.
Ft In.
Slate, dark
Coal, hard, splinty 5 2
Slate, pavement
A sample was collected from this opening, the composition of which is published under Mine No. 1086 in the table of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
The Hale and Kenney Farm Mine (No. 1087 on Map IV), located on the south side of Point Mountain at the head of Hickorylick Run of Valley Fork, 2.7 miles northwest of Blue Spring, at an elevation of ZAQff B., measured 3' 6" of clean, medium-hard coal.
Besides these openings noted on Point Mountain, there a considerable body of good Sewell Coal in the top of Elk Mountain south of Valley Fork and also in the top of Gauley Mountain southwest of the sharp angle that Elk River makes at the mouth of Valley Fork. These areas have been prospected but little, yet they are known to have been proved at a few points and such information as is available on the coals of this region will be presented in the forthcoming report on Webster County. East of Elk Mountain the coals have disappeared along the great structural arch that parallels the Tygart Valley.
Quantity of Sewell Coal Available.
The foregoing sections furnish a fair idea of the nature of the Sewell Coal in the region of its outcrop. In addition to these, several bore hole records have been published on previous pages of this Chapter that record its presence and these may be readily referred to. The accompanying table gives a list of oil and gas wells that record it at a few points northwest of its line of outcrop, indicating that there may be some minable areas of this coal under drainage in this region that must, however, be tested with the diamond drill to prove
West Virginia Geological Survey.
73S
their worth. Another table is added showing the probable amount of Sewell Coal available as determined with planimeter by Tucker from the surface and Underground areas outlined for it on Maps II and IV and Figure 20.
List of Oil and Gas Wells Recording Sewell (Sharon?) Coal.
m
Location.
Name of Well.
' d o
o
9
Upshur County:
Geo. Burner No. 1
Sago
Silica Sand Co. No. 8. . . .
Craddock, 0.3 mi. N. W.
Silica Sand Co. No. 2. . .
Craddock, 0.2 ml. N
Sherman Heirs No. 1
Craddock, 0.5 ml. N. B. J
Probable Amount of Sewell Coal.
Counties by Districts.
a;
o S
Ob
a;
n S S 5
S
u
V Os ®
Os
cr QQ
Barbour: Barker
Upshur:
Washington Banks
Totals
Randolph:
Leadsville
Roaring Creek. . Middle Fork Huttonsville . . . Mingo
I-
Totals 1245 . 18|
Totals for Area |292.98|
Welch Coal.
In the Elk River region of Webster County, just west of the Raijdolph Line, a fine seam of good soft coal has been frequently found at an interval of about 40 feet below the Sewell. This coal apparently correlates with the Welch Coal of the New River Group and probably extends eastward a considerable distance into the Back Fork and Sugar Creek region of Randolph County. The following is the only exposure noted, being in Mingo District :
Holly Lumber Company Coal Exposure— No. 1088 on Map IV.
On Back FdHc of Elk Rirer, 1.7 inUes south of the Parting Siirlngs; Welch Coal; eleyatlon, tiW B.
Ft In.
Sandstone and concealed
Coal, risible % 0
Fire clay shale and sandstone to river 15 0
This coal comes only a few feet above the Mauch Chunk Red Shale which is visible on the north side of the river a short distance westward from this expostve.
The scarcity of prospects in this coal makes its value somewhat problematical, but further digging would doubtless reveal it at other points along Back Fork. Until further evidence is available, no figure can be made showing the extent of its occurrence and for the same reason its outcrop is not shown on Map IV.
Summary Op Available Coal.
For convenience of reference, all the mines and prospects described in this Report have been given serial numbers which are printed in blue on Maps II and IV, along with the conventional mine symbols. Disregarding those that are supplied to thin coals that have no conunerdal significance, the following table gives a list of these numbers that refer to the 17 commercial seams described in the present Chapter, as well as a summary of the total amount of coal that each seam is estimated to contain :
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Coal Seams
Mines and
Prospects
Listed on
Maps II or IV
and Described
in Chapter XI
Redstone
Pittsburgh ". .
Elk Lick
Bakerstown
Upper Freeport. .
Upper Kittanning
Middle and Lower Kittanning..
Clarion
Upper Mercer. . .,
Quakertown
Eagle
Gilbert
Hughes Ferry
Castle
Barbonr County
J Western Poi> Upshur I tionofRan- County I dolph County
Totals
Total for Area
The above table represents the amount of coal believed to be available in the territory of this Report. The amount already mined is practically negligible compared to the total supply and may be disregarded in the present estimate. Allowing for a total recovery of 80 per cent., the total coal that may eventually be mined is, in round numbers, 8,202,400,000 short tons.
Minable Coals By Magisterial Districts.
The minable coals of these counties have been discussed by Magisterial Districts on previous pages of this Chapter. In the Index, at the end* of this Report, under the heading "Minable Coals by Magisterial Districts", will be found a list of page references making this information readily available without further discussion.
Table Of Coal Analyses.
The following table, containing the proximate analyses of 129 mines and prospects, together with the ultimate analyses, calorific determinations and fuel ratios of a considerable number of these, is the exclusive work of members of the Survey Staff. All samples were taken by members of the force in the field. Those from the commercial mines were taken according to the strict method outlined by the United States Bureau of Mines, being quartered and sealed in the mines. The samples from the farm mines were collected in small bags with as much care as could be used when depending on a scanty saddle-bag equipment.
The chemical work was mostly done by J. B. Krak and Wm. Lloyd Linton, Assistant Chemists, working under the direction and with the assistance of B. H. Hite, Chief Chemist, a few of the analyses taken for publication from former volumes having been made by other staff chemists then employed by the Survey.
In addition to the analyses ven in the table, numerous others are presented on the preceding pages of this Chapter along with the description of the mines from which they were tiiken, some of which were made by the Chemists of the Survey from samples submitted by the mine owners, while others represent samples that were taken and analyzed by the mining companies or other commercial testing organizalions. Many of these are doubtless quite as accurate as those to be found in the table, but it is thought best to present them separately.
In the table the numbers in the left-hand margin correspond to the numbers given with the descriptions of the mines in the text and with the mine symbols on Maps II and fV. All samples were cut from the mining section of the seams unless otherwise described, the usual method being to discard such slates from the samples as would be discarded in ordinary commercial shipment
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West Virginia Geological Survey.
Page References to Detailed Descriptions and Sections of Coal Mines Listed in Preceding Table.
No.
Sample No.
Coal Bid ami Name of Owner.
Location.
a
II, p. 101
Mj-T 110-H
Ef
Im-R
D G'''H"dkin.
3.S mi. E. of Overfield
1-S mi. E. of Century
l.i S.' S.'w.'of Cetur.'.' 0.3 mL E. of Pecks Run Sta.
So
1.2 mi. S. W. of Peck. Run 1 mi. N. W. of RnraHale. . 1.T mi. E. of loh 1.B mi. S. W. of Rur I.S mi. N. E. of -4ber
2.1 mi. S. W. of Rur 1.0 mi. N. of Buckhi
1.2 mi. N. of Buckhi l.T mi. N. W, of Buckl 0.8 ml N. of Red Ro
,S ml N- W. of Berrrburg
"i
le
4t8 4S4
Luther Martin .,
es
P
2.6 mi. '. of Elk Citr. 1.1 mi '- of Elk City. 0.0 mi /. of Petltree. 1 mi. .. ... of Colebank. . .
22 mi. N; of Belington!:! I.S mL E, W- of Pecks Run
1 mi. S. of Colebank
1 mi. N. E. of Buckliannon 0.8 mL N. W. of Reger...
1.4 mi. S- W. of Moilarille 1.8 mi. N. E. of Cove Run
Wenu
4T0
Its
- Lick.
ttrtiimn.
Sh
William 1. .Koont '
S04
I.S mL W. of HuRman 0.8 mL S. E. of Volga
I.T mi. N. of Calhoun
I.S mL S. E of Belington.
I mL W. of Belington
0.r mi. N. W. of Adrian.. 1 rri. N. E. of French
Tygart M. o!' &'. cV. P.' line'
.M Swamp Run
Lourr Fretporl.
Coau
No. I
on I Sample No.
8.T
Iia.
p.
Iia,
P-
Iia.
p.
4-T
8-T
Iia.
St
7-T
8-T
Iia,
p.
Iia,
P-
Iia,
p.
2S7-T
Iia.
p.
9-T
ll-T
Iia.
B. 2,
p.
81S-T
8S9.T
Coal Bed and Name of Owner.
Upper Ktttanning.
Mrs. Wolf
V J. Nash
''rank Daugherty
Tohn Gable
Middle and Lower Kit tanning. Midland Coal & Coke Co
Laurel Coal Co
Boat Run Coal Co
Luellar Coal & Coke Co '...
Lee J. Sandridge Coal Co. No. 1) . . . . Lee J. Sandridge Coal Co. (No. 1) . . . .
Humphreys Coal Co
Graften Fuel Co
J. F. Wilson & Bro
M. N. O'Brien
Valley Coa-1 & Coke Co
Columbus Shomoe
T'eter Devitt
Henry Gorge
n, C. Cunningham
Okey Harris
Tohn Allman
'Toward Rowan
Tes Pringle .,
Tohn Cutright
'Emanuel Goodwin
'George Fidler .
Moore Bros
Moore & Gawthrop
Davis Coal & Coke Co. (Weaver No. 2) Davis Coal & Coke Co. (Williette) . . . . Davis Coll'cry Co. (Harding No. 4)...
Spates Brady
T. B. Jenkins C. 4 C. Co
Clarion.
H. M. Crawford & Co
H. M. Crawford & Co
Upper Mercer.
Charles E. Hiner . . .
Maxwell, Arnold et al
Moore-Keppel & Co
Silica Sand Co
ohn Thomas
Quakertown. H. A. Zickefoose
Moore-Keppel & C!o
Patrick Martin
Tames Crawford
Location.
0.4 mi. N. W. of F'elton.
At Meriden
Western edge of Philippi..
N. E. of Berryburgf
0.6 mi Jet.
0.6 mi. N. E. of Arden At Arden
mi. S. of Arden
Meriden
Meriden
mi. S. of Philippi
mi. N. of Lillian
mi. S. E. of Valley
Furnace
0.7 mi. S. of Dartmoor 0.4 mi. N. E. of Junior...
Gage
nu. N. E. of Tigheview
O'Brien
Wilmoth Ford
mi. E. of Talbott
mi. E. of Talbott
rot N. E. of LantE. . . .
mi. N. E. of Lantz
mi. N. W. of Yokum..
mi. S. of Evergreen . . . 1.2 mi. N. W. of Tenmilc..
At Imperial t
Mill
At Arlington
0.8 mi. W. of Hollv Grove. 0.9 mi, S. E. of Holly Grove
At Weapver
0.5 mL N. E. of Weaver. . . N. E. of Harding. . . S". W. of Harding..! S. of Roaring Creek)
At
At At At
Jet.
At At
!
Coalton I
mi. N. E. of Mabie . . , . j mi. S. of Mabie j
Clementsv j
J
0.7 mi. S. E. of OverhilL 0.6 mi. N. of Kanawha Head} 2.8 mL N. E. of Cassity...) 1.2 mL S. E. of Cassity...)
1 mL S. E. of Canaan j
Ss4-6
West edge of Hemlock . . . . f 146, 672
West Virginia Geological Survey
No. I
on I
Map. j
Sample No.
IIA, p. 289
Coal Bed and Name of Owner.
William Hornbeck
John ' Fincham
£lla Brake. . : ,. . .
Tames Pickens
Casper Winkler
Eagie.
Lloyd Zickef oose
Stephen Womelsdorff
James Shannon
John Gimmel
Hughes Ferry.
Joseph Currence
EUchom Coal Corpn
Sewetl "B". Elkhorn Coal Corpn . .
Sewell.
Grace Hart Johtison
Ira Shockey
J. A. Enlow
Moore-Keppel 4k Co
R. O. Zirklc ,
William Currence
Henry Moats
£mil Metzner
Ranwood Lumber Co
H. G. Davis Heirs
Croft Lumber Co
vVilliam Vandevender
Hale & Kenney
mi.
S.
mi.
N.
mi.
N.
mi.
S.
1 mi. W. o
mi.
E.
1 mi.
S. I
mi.
S.
mi.
s.
N. I
At
Hartrid
mi.
S.
mi.
S. 1
At
Long. .
mi.
N. 0
mi.
mi.
N.
mi.
S. .
mi.
N.
mi.
N. :
mi.
S. 1
mi.
S. 0
5 mi. .
mi.
W.
mi.
S..of
mi.
N. W
mi.
N. W
Chapter Xii.
Road Materials.
The territory covered by the counties of Barbour, Upshur, and the western portion of Randolph, embraced in this Report, can provide an abundance of all the raw materials needed for the economical building and maintenance of improved highways. It is true that the factories for the conversion of many of these materials into the forms desired (cement, brick, etc.) are not in operation, but many of these will come in time, and for the present some of the less highly specialized classes of road material can be used with good results, thus making it possible for the roads to be improved without the foreign expenditure of a single dollar either for material or labor. Many of these materials have been already described under various headings in the foregoing pages, to which reference will be made.
Stratified Shales Suitable For Paving Brick Manufacture.
Nearly all of the various geological series that compose the outcropping formations of the three counties contain a large proportion of stratified red or gray shales, several of which have been used for making paving brick and many more of which by their native mixture of siliceous and .'luminous matter could be used. It is perhaps true that some of these would not show the maximum qualities of endurance demanded for ideal road brick but the very great saving resulting from the use of home material would in many cases make it more economical to use them even if their durability should not prove to be so great.
The following table gives a list of these stratified shales that could be used, together with their approximate thicknesses. In the last column there is given a page reference to that portion of this Report in which each one has been described in detail. Geologic Maps II and IV show the outcrops of the various series making it possible to readily know what shales are to be foimd in any given community ;
Table of Stratified Shales Suitable for Paving Brick Manufacture.
Name of Shale
Geological Series
Approximate Thlckneaa.
Feet.
Page on
which Descrlhed.
Annabelle
Clarkaburg Fire
Clay Shale
Clark BburK Red
Monongahela
Conemangh
Conemaugb
Conemaugb
Conemaugh
5 to EO 2 to 6
2G to 60 5 to 10
2G to 50 0 to 6 2 to 10 0 to 6 0 to 6 0 to 10
0 to 10 0 to 10
0 to 20
with
Birmingham
Plttaburgh .'
Thornton
21S-219
Z39-2M
:il
Mt. Savage? or
See Chapter
xm
Mauch Chunk Red
Uauch Chunk
Sandstones Available For Masonry And Macadam.
Numerous sandstones are available for bridge piers and nbutments, retaining walls and other structures where massive masonry is desired. Most of these ledges would prove too soft, however, to warrant their extensive use as only a few isolated quarries providing crushed
throve suitable for qnanymg, those printed in foil-faced tj'pe having already been used in masonry ctHistmction :
Tabk of Sandstones Arailable fov Maaeory Constmction.
Geological Seriea
Approximate
Feet.
Page on
which
L'pp*r Sewlckler
Lover Sewlckler. ... Lower PlttBburgb.. CennellBvillc
Morsantown
Honoagahela
Conemaogh
Conemangh
Conemaugh
Allesheny
Alleghenr
10 to 30 20 to 40 20 to 50 20 to 40 15 to 30 10 to 30 10 to 80 20 to 50 10 to SO 15 to 85 20 to SB 20 to 40 20 to 40 25 to 60
30 to 60 0 to 25 10 to 50 0 to 20 10 to 50 20 to 50 10 to 20 20 to 30 10 to 20 20 to 40 15 to 25 20 to 40 2B to 50 10 to 20 lOto 30
2B to 76
U6 Mm
Upper Mahoning
Upper FrMpert
Lower Freeport
23S4 23ft4
24M1
Upper Cedar OroTo. Lower Cedar OroTe.
J7B
Brownftomi
2S0
Upper OUbert
Upper NuttaU..
Lower Nuttall
Middle Ueger
2S44
Lower Gnrandet. ...
Welch
Of the above lUt of sandstones those of the Pottsville have been quarried but little, not because of any inherent deficiencies but mainly because they crop in a region that is largely wooded and where few masonry structures have been built and for the same reasons their description is somewhat
West Virginia Geological Survey.
limited in this Report. Those of the Monongahela, Conemaugh, and Allegheny, which crop in much more thicklysettled regions, have been described in great detail.
Limestone For Macadam.
In the Monongahela, Conemaugh, and Allegheny Series, several ledges of limestone suitable for macadam are found, all of which are described in detail on the previous pages. The Pottsville and Mauch Chunk contain no limestones of consequence, but the great Greenbrier Limestone, varying in thickness from SO to 400 feet, is unsurpassed in durability and general adaptability for road material. It crops along Brushy Fork of Teter Creek just east of the Barbour Line, and along Mill Run of Teter Creek, Barbour, and along the Tygart Valley River in Randolph County -where that stream cuts through the Laurel Ridge east of Roaring Creek Junction, and also along Elk River in Randolph County. Great deposits of it are available all along the east slope of Laurel Ridge and Rich Mountain justeast of the limits of this Report. The following table gives a list of limestones available in the three counties :
List of Limestones Suitable for Macadam.
Name of Limestone
Uniontown
Sewickley
Redstone
Clarksburg
Orlando
Elk Lrlck
Johnstown
Greenbrier
Approximate
Page on
Geological Series
Thickness.
which
Feet.
Described.
Monongahela
Monongahela
Monongahela
Conemaugh
Conemaugh
Conemaugh
Allegheny
Greenbrier
Concrete Materials.
8And.
Large deposits of sand are to be found along nearly all the larger streams, having been derived from the various sandstones that crop along their course. The best deposits are those that come from the rocks of the Allegheny and Pottsville Series as they contain less silt and argillaceous matter. In some cases these beds of sand contain more organic material than is desirable for use in concrete and the individual sand grains are all somewhat rounded by the wear of the water, but careful search will show numerous deposits along the Tygart Valley, Buckhannon, and Middle Fork Rivers that will meet the necessary requirements of highway concrete material, either for bridges or road surfaces.
Sandstone For Crushing.
An unlimited amount of sand for reinforced concrete structures where tensile strength is desired could be secured by quarrying and crushing the more durable of the sandstone ledges outlined in the table on a previous page. This method would not only secure clean, sharp sand, but would insure absolute freedom from organic or other deleterious matter. The sandstones of the lower Allegheny and Pottsville Series run very high in silica and would furnish an inexhaustible supply of good sand.
Limestone For Crushing.
Nearly all of the limestones outlined in the table above could be used for concrete aggregate, but the Redstone, Johnstown, and Greenbrier, because of their greater thickness and more uniformly durable character would furnish a more economical and more abundant supply. The Greenbrier could be quarried at very low cost at several localities.
River And Creek Gravels.
In nearly all the larger streams there are abundant deposits of river and creek gravels that represent the more resistant portions of the sandstone ledges from which they come. These would be suitable either for concrete aggregate or for macadam, being the cheapest material available for either purpose, as they can usually be found within a short haul of the point of consumption.
Coal For Fuel.
In nearly every locality of the territory of this Report, coal is available within a short haul of all the principal highways, thus reducing to a minimum the cost of this necessary item required in the various operations of road building. On Maps II and IV, all the principal openings are signified by a mine symbol wth a key number attached referring to the description of the mine in Chapter XL At the end of the same Chapter, the chemical analyses of many of these coals are given showing their precise composition.
Chemical Tests Of Road Materials.
The following table gives a summary of all available chemical tests of materials suitable for road material. Most of these samples were collected by members of the Survey Staff and analyzed by the Survey chemists according to standard methods :
""
'3
irsllsssii ili?!l 11
l=il:
i=-55>" oof*! "3 ,?"S
Chapter Xiil
Clay, Building Stone, Glass-Sand,
Iron Ore, Water-Power, Mineral
Waters, And Forests.
Clays And Clay Industry.
Present Development.
Brick Plants.
S. T. H, Holt Brick Plant.— The S. T. H. Holt Brick Plant, located along the Tygart Valley River, one-half mile north of Philippi, was started, according to GrimsleyS in 1876, being located near Philippi, but was moved to its present location in 1887. This concern manufactures red building brick and drain tile. The equipment includes a brick machine with wire cutter and repressing device, one circular, down-draft kiln of 26,000 capacity, and one rectangular, down-draft kiln of 40,000 capacity, the drying yard holding 35,000 brick. The Drick are burned 5 to 7 days, natural gas being used for fuel. Seven men are employed with an average monthly pay-roll of $250. The material is secured from an extensive deposit of river clay alongside the plant, having a supposed thickness of about 10 feet of which only the top 3 to 5 feet is used. This clay is a variegated mixture of red and gray, which, according to Joseph Broyles, an employee, is mixed in the proportion of one-third red and two-thirds gray. A sample was collected from the mixture, the composition of which is published in
'G. P. Grlmaley, Vol. III. W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 273; 1905.
754 Clay, Building Stone, Etc.
the table of chemical analyses of road materials, page 752. The brick burn to a pale-red color.
Philippi Tile and Brick Company. — The Philippi Tile and Brick Company, located on the Tygart Valley River just south of Philippi, was established in 1902, according to Grimsley*, but is not now in operation. The equipment included a pug-mill, augr machine of 35,000 capacity, seven-track tunnel drier, three fourteen-arch up-draft kilns, and one twenty-fourarch up-draft kiln, burned with gas. The clay pit, located just east of the plant, shows 10 feet of yellow residual, loamy clay at the top, and 10 feet of white river clay at the bottom, the two having been evidently used in combination. A sample consisting of one-half from each stratum was collected, the composition of which is published in the table of chemical analyses of road materials, page 752.
Tygarts Valley Brick Company. — The Tygarts Valley Brick Company, located along the Weaver Branch of the Western Maryland Railway, 1.5 miles southeast of Belington, on a small stream tributary to the Tygart Valley River, is not at present in operation. According to B. B. Rohrbough, Secretary and Treasurer, the plant was designed to make paving brick, the equipment including a brick machine of 30,000 daily capacity, 4 driers of 7,500 capacity each, 3 rectangular updraft kilns of 135,000 capacity each, and 1 similar kiln of 240,000 capacity. The shale was secured from two pits adjoining the plant, the south pit being dug into the hill 100 feet, and having a width of 150 feet and a depth of 20 feet. The north pit is at the same level as the other but not so large. The material consists of 5 feet of residual clay at the top underlain by 1 5 feet of gray shale that seems to belong at the horizon of the Thornton Fire Clay, both kinds being apparently used in the brick mixture, producing a pale-red brick. A sample was collected from the gray shale, the composition of which is published in the table of chemical analyses of road materials, page 752.
The city of Buckhannon is built on an extensive body of river clay averaging perhaps 20 feet in thickness and a thou-
*G. P. Grimsley, Vol. Ill, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 272; 1905.
sand acres or more in extent, that has been used at various localities for building brick, by Coyner, Grosscup, and others. None of these plants is at present in operation but one of them, located near the west edge of town, has been described by Dr. Grimsley in Volume III, of the Survey, pages 275 and 276, as follows :
"Groucup Brick Yard, started in 1390, la located at the west edge of town. The brick are molded by hand, the clay being tempered In a vertical pug-mill and dried by hot air In a shed room holding 6,500 brick. There are three ItUna, each holding 160,000 and bunted with gae.
"The river clay pit Is about fifty feet trom the river, and bottom of pit Is 10 to IB feet above water-level In the river. The sandy clay bae a tfalckneae of 15 feet. This clay is found through the river valley and was worked a number of years ago by two other yards but they have been abandoned. The Oroascup plant makes a million brick a year, sold to local trade. The brlek are deep-red color and of good quality for common builders..
"Chefic
ssi.
rnarst clay 001 to .005
Fine sand OB .IBO
roa™ ..rid 15 to 1.000
3t.
Trace
"Physical Properties. — The Grosscup clay at Buckhanaon slakes In a half minute, requires 23 per cent, of water to develop a normal consistency, baa a maximum plasticity of 10, air shrinkage of per
cent., and a tensile strength of 86 to 88 pounds
"This clay is nearly ateel hard at cone I (2102° F.), reaches Incipient vitrification at cone G (22*6° F.), and la completely vitrified at cone 10 (2426" P.), becoming a black glass at cone 20 (2786° F.). Its fire shrinkage Is 8 per cent."
Core Brick Plant. — The Core Brick Plant, located in South Buckhannon along the Buckhannon River a short distance south of South Buckhannon Station, was estabWsVveA a few years ago for the purpose of making building bricV, is not at present in operation. The equipment \ocW6.ea a. a square drying shed about by and 3 a-o-S''" VV''
756 Clay, Building Stone, Etc.
from a pit of river clay alongside the plant, showing 15 feet of clay above the level of the river of which about 10 feet was used. Sand was hauled from the river with the evident purpose of tempering the clay. The brick burned to a palered color. A sample was collected from the river clay, the composition of which is published in the table of chemical analyses of road materials, page 752.
Available Clay.
Transported Clay.
Along the flood-plains of the Tygart Valley and Buckhannon Rivers, as well as along some of the smaller streams, there are great deposits of clay, varying in thickness from 5 to 30 feet, that are well suited for making common building brick, the demand for which should increase steadily with the increase of the price of lumber. No attempt is made to name these deposits in detail, but Maps II and IV, showing the alluvial deposits in yellow, will be a guide to their occurrence. It should be remembered that plants operating in such abundant material must seek their advantage over competitors by securing the most favorable locations for distribution, fuel, and cheapness of handling raw material.
Residual Clay.
Residual clay, which is derived from weathered rocks, and is still in its original location, is not of sufficient importance to be classed as a brick-making material in the three counties, although it has been used at a few of the plants already described, in conjunction with river clay or shale. These thin deposits of clay should rather be classed as soil, more valuable for agricultural than for other purposes.
Stratified Shales.
Stratified shales, composed principally of silica and alumina, and lying between the sandstone ledges of the Carbonifer-
West Virginia Geological Survey.
ous rocks, compose a large percentage of the surfac in the area of this Report. Nearly all of these sh material that could be made into brick of some ; would therefore be possible for each magisterial have its own plants for manufacturing building ma for paving and residence work. A plant of this sor by convict labor under the present State law, wot erably reduce the cost of brick for road making. ] purposes the red or gray shales of the Conemaugh scribed in detail in Chapter VI, will be found best s outcrop of this series is shown on Maps II and T position of any shale horizon may be easily dete referring to the general section at the beginning of ter. The Clarksburg and Pittsburgh Red Shales w ably make a good grade of roofing tile as well as § The Mauch Chunk Red Shales, coming just belov of the Pottsville Series, and varying from 300 to 11 thickness, interstratified to some extent with sandst< would furnish an inexhaustible supply of materi building brick or tile and would probably make gc brick. Maps II and IV show the outcrop of these !
Fire Clay.
High-grade refractory fire clays of commercial and purity are almost unknown in the three coun Thornton Fire Clay, as described in Chapter VI, j 240, was found at a few localities, but apparently 1j of the refractory qualities that characterize it at its 1 ity. The Upper Kittanning Fire Clay, as described i VII, page 261, was noted at one or two points, bu thinner than in some of the northern counties. At of Imperial along the Buckhannon River in Upshui clay, about 5 feet thick, has been prospected by F. of Buckhannon, that apparently represents the Low* ning Fire Clay. Mr. Smith furnishes an atvaVyv deposit made by the Pittsburgh Testing LjotattoT signature of H. H. Craver, Chief Chemist, aw A
was sampled by the writer, the following being the two results :
Pittsburgh Survey Sample
Alkalies 1.26
Moisture 0.19
Loss on ignition 4.40 3.48
The following exposure of clay is visible along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad grade on the land of Peter S. Engle, just northwest of Ours Mill, Meade District, Upshur:
Ft. In.
Shale, gray 3 0
Slate, black 0 6
Shale, dark, with plant fossils 0 8
Fire clay, flinty, Hammond? 6 0
Sandstone and concealed to grade 10 0
The exact stratigraphic horizon of this fire clay is open to question as the Hammond Fire Clay at its type locality in Marion County belongs above the Upper Mercer Coal. It is possible, however, that the thin streak of coal above this fire clay may be slightly higher in the measures than the true Upper Mercer, and if so then the fire clay should be the Hammond. A sample was collected from this clay, the composition of which is published in the table of analyses of road materials, page 752. The clay is low in iron and fluxing impurities and would have high refractory qualities. According to F. G. Smith, a test showed fusion at Seger cone 30 (3146 R).
The same bed of clay was prospected by Smith and McLaughlin on the Engle farm at a point about one-fourth
West Virginia Geological Survey. 759
mile farther west. The pit was full of water and could not be measured, but the clay shows in the public road near by with a thickness of about 6 feet.
Messrs. Smith and McLaughlin have tested another clay along the Buckhannon River one-half mile north of Beans Mill, where the following exposure is visible in the railroad cut:
Ft. In. Sandstone, massive, Upper Connoqueneaaing,
visible 10 0
Fire clay ahale, aandy and Impure, with lome
dark slate, QuakeKown 12 0
Sandstone, sbaly 6 0
A sample was collected from this clay horizon, the composition of which is published below, together with the sample analyzed by the Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory :
PIttaburgh Survey Sample
Holature 0.68
UB8 on tirnltion 7.H 5.42
The above clay would probably make a good grade of paving or building brick, but, owing to its high content of iron and fluxing agents, would not be suitable for furnace material where high refractory qualities are desired.
70 Clav, Building Stone, Etc.
Building Stone.
Quarries.
In Chapters V to VIII, the various sandstone quarries found in the area under discussion have been described in detail, and classified under their respective geologic names, and in Chapter XII, page 748, the table of sandstones available for Masonry Construction gives a page reference to the description of each ledge that has been quarried.
Available Stone.
The sandstones of the three counties, as described in the preceding Chapters, vary from flaggy and shaly beds that do not have the necessary cohesiveness to be used for building stone, to great massive ledges, 50 to 75 feet thick, that vrill split into building blocks of any desired size. These massive ledges are all of much the same type, micaceous, gray on fresh fracture and often weathering to brown, some of them being very soft and worthless, while others are hard and durable. Most of them do not have the beauty of texture or smoothness of grain to make them desirable for architectural purposes where ornamental or carved stone effects are desired, the Saltsburg Sandstone ledge being in some localities an exception to this rule. In all structures, however, where durability and fire-proof construction are the main features, they can not be surpassed by any stone shipped in from other counties or States. They are fitted for bridge piers and abutments, retaining walls, and for buildings of plain construction. In nearly every locality one or more of these ledges is of massive character and can be quarried. Many of these outcropping have been described in detail in the Chapters on Stratigraphy.
Attention is called to Plate XLIII, showing certain details of the Stuart Duncan residence at Newport, Rhode Island, which is classed as one of the most artistic private residences in America*, and which is built entirely of Saltsburg Sandstone secured from the Kingood Quarries Company at
International Studio, May, 1916.
r
n
Hi
11
lis
Kingwood. This plate is a very good illustration of the fine character of the Saltsburg as a building stone. The Survey is indebted to Mr. John Russell Pope, Architect, of New York City, for the photograph.
Glass-Sand.
Quarries.
Imperial Sand Company. — The Imperial Sand Company, with head office at Buffalo, New York, and works at Imperial (Tenmile P. O.), Upshur County, was established in 1912, fcir the purpose of quarrying glass-sand. The equipment includes a Chaser Sand crusher, with washing device, one Chandler and Taylor boiler of 100 horse-power, and one 75 horse-power engine, an air-compressor and the necessary sand bins and quarrying equipment. The capacity is 100 tons of sand daily, and output 60 tons, most of which is used for window glass in the factories of Buckhannon, Weston, Clarksburg, and other West Virginia towns. Coal for power is mined alongside the quarry (See description of Imperial Sand Company Mine, No. 687 on Map IV). The sand works and mine employ 20 men when running full, according to J. C. Ervin, Superintendent. The quarry is 125 feet long and extends into
the hill 50 feet, showing the following section :
Feet.
1. Coal blossom and fire clay, Upper KIttanning
3. Sandstone, maselve, good, quarry rock. East Lynn... 39
So far as known the above plant is the only one in the State using the East Lynn Sandstone for glass-sand. A sample was collected from the washed sand in the bins, the composition of which is published in the table of chemical analyses of road materials, page 752, the silica content being 99.43 pet cent.
Silica Sand Company. — The Silica Sand CompaLtvy opted- a plant at Craddock, Upshur County, in 1905, but ater years of operation, the buildings and QipxtietV vj't
A
/
f
/
Clay, Building Stone, Etc.
obtained from the Homewood Sandstone of the Pottsville Series, which in that region contains too many pebbles to make ideal glass-sand. A complete description of this plant is given by Dr. G. P. Grimsley, in Volume IV, pages 389 and 390, of the State Survey Reports, the washed sand showing 99.20 per cent, of silica.
Enterprise Silica Sand Company. — The Enterprise Silica Sand Company, of Bellaire, Ohio, built a glass-sand plant at Silica Station, Randolph County, in 1904, according to Grimsley, but was soon abandoned and has now been completely dismantled. The Homewood Sandstone was quarried, the pebbly nature of which doubtless contributed to the failure of the concern.
Available Sand.
The East Lynn Sandstone, quarried with success at Imperial, crops for several miles along both sides of the Buckhannon River in Meade and Washington Districts, Upshur, and is also a massive ledge at numerous other points in the three counties. Whether its chemical content is such that it can be generally used for glass is a question that individual prospecting must solve. Its outcrop has been fully described on pages 255-260.
The Homewood Sandstone ledge, as previously described, pages 267-9, crops over a wide area and is apparently low enough in silica at numerous points for glass making. A sample collected near the residence of S. C. Degarmo, just west of Arvondale Junction, Randolph County, showed a silica content (unwashed) of 99.18 per cent, as published in full in the table of chemical analyses of road materials, page 752. Unfortunately this ledge usually carries numerous quartz pebbles, which, because of their high fusing point, make the sand objectionable for glass making. There are doubtless local deposits of considerable extent where pebbles do not occur in troublesome quantity.
It is possible that some of the other sandstone members of the Pottsville Series might have the necessary chemical
764 Clay, Building Stone, Etc.
of its abundance and the ease with which it could be handled and refined in a region that is well supplied with coal, might at some future time be a source of commercial ore. No attempt 10 handle this material would likely prove successful, however, until the rich deposits of the Lake Superior and other regions of the world have approached exhaustion.
Water-Power.
Available Streams.
No attempt has been made to utilize the streams of the three counties for hydro-electric power, although numerous water-wheel mills have been built along the creeks and some of these are still in operation. The streams worthy of attention for commercial-power development are the Tygart Valley, Buckhannon, Middle Fork, and Little Kanawha Rivers, all of which have a variable run-off much greater in spring and winter than in summer and fall. Of these streams, gage readings are available only for the Tygart Valley at the Belington Station which is located above both the Buckhannon and Middle Fork Rivers. These records have already been published under the description of this drainage basin, pages
The three rivers first mentioned above all offer some favorable sites for water-power projects, but their development would lead to many legal difficulties owing to the extensive mining, railroad, and agricultural rights that would be jeopardized, and the competition furnished by cheap coal for steam-developed power would be most severe, making it doubtful whether hydro-electric plants would prove profitable
The following table, showing indicated horse-power developed by streams flowing through the three counties, is compiled from Tables 12 and IS, pages 416 and 417, of the Semi-Centennial History of West Virginia, by Dr. J. M. Callahan, the tables in question being part of a special article on "Water-Power Resources" by A. H. Horton, District Engineer, Water- Resources Branch, U. S. Geological Survey:
Is
p
-cIoiaAdQ pauinssy
''l!W 'in*u31
u
a
o
S
We* 00 09 o 000
ei
o*mS
O o o
M O Cos
31
u
t; o b t:
M c3 S M c8 c3'02
www V V i;
IS a ft
MJSja K
npqp;i/3
w
o H
766 Clay, Building Stone, Etc.
Mineral Waters.
No medicinal springs are being exploited as such in the territory of this Report and none of consequence are known to exist. There are sulphur springs at various localities and at some points sulphur water has been found in borino for oil or coal. The E. D. Talbott Heirs No. 2 Oil Test (17), located one-half mile west of Philippi, has an artesian flow of salt sulphur water which has been used to a limited extent by residents of Philippi. The Wm. Corley No. 9 Coal Test Boring (108), located along the Tygart Valley River at the Roaring Creek Junction Railroad Station, has an artesian flow of fine sulphur water that has been used for local consumption in Elkins.
A large number of the tests drilled for oil and gas have found copious flows of salt water in various members of the Pottsville or Salt Sand Series, but so far as known, no tests tu determine the salinity of this brine have been made.
Forests.
Barbour County.
In Volume V, pages 106-108, of the State Survey Reports, Ijy A. B. Brooks, State Forester, there is a description both of the original and present forest conditions and the lumber industry, that is of pertinent interest and is here republished not only to show what timber is now available, but also to show what is likely to thrive, should reforestation be taken up :
"Original Forest Conditions.
'Almost the whole area was once covered with a dense growth of hardwoods. The region on the west, drained by Gnatty Creek, EJlk Creek, and Brushy Fork, should be especially mentioned in this connection, for it is doubtful if any portion of the State produced a heavier and a more excellent stand of timber. Here in the valleys of the streams and in the numerous rich coves, the yellow poplar, sugar maple, oaks, hickories, black walnut, white ash, basswood, chestnut, cucumber, and many others, grew abundantly. All of Pleasant District, on tJie northwest, and the drainage basins of First and Second Big Runs and Pecks Run in Union District on the southwest were also noted for their hardwood forests. Eastward from the Tygart Valley
West Virginia Geological Survey, 767
and Buckhannon Rivers there are large areas which are less fertile than in the localities mentioned above, and in these the original forests contained fewer species and lighter stands of timber trees. The prevailing timber trees in the eastern part along Laurel Ridge were chestnut, locust and chestnut oak on the ridges and flats, with poplars, ashes, cucumbers and others in the rich coves and with hemlock, birches and beech along the streams.
"The Lumber Industry.
"Some sections of the county have been settled for 140 years; and in the.se nearly all the timber of the original forests was destroyed in clearing the land for cultivation. Before the year 1860 most of the residences and out-buildings were made of logs. The small amount of lumber used in an early day was manufactured by hand-operated whip saws and by 'up-and-down' water sawmills. There was an abundance of straight-grained yellow poplar, chestnut, red oak, and black walnut timber for fence rails, shingles, boards and puncheons, without using the curly walnuts, knotty oaks and twisted chestnuts, which were all classed together and burned as worthless timber.
"A few of the primitive mills which operated approximately between the years 1845 and 1875 were Shuttleworth's mill near Peeltree, Hairs mill, Teter's mill and McCoy's mill, on Buckhannon River, Kittie's mill at Georgetown, Stout's mill on Tygart Valley River, and the Nicola mill at Moatsville. Some of these were at first run by water and later by steam. One of the first stationary steam saw and grist mills in the county was built about the year 1856 at Peeltree by John Maxwell. This mill sawed lumber for local use during a period of 30 or 40 years.
"About the year 1883 a narrow-gauge railroad was built from Grafton to Philippi and a few years later was widened to regular gauge and extended up the Tygart Valley River to Belington. Imme-. lately after the completion of this railroad portable sawmills were stationed, first along the line and later farther back, toward the heads of the streams. Since then there has been a continual operation of portable mills in all sections where merchantable timber could be found. The principal shipping points for lumber have been Moatsville, Belington, Philippi and Clements. There have been no band sawmills in the county. Considerable timber from along the river, however, was drifted out and manufactured about 25 years ago on Curtln's band mill at Grafton and later by G. C. Blatchley at the same place.
"The Pretcnt Forest Conditions.
'The only forest land of any consequence now remaining in the county lies in a belt from 1 to 3 miles wide extending along the westem face of Laurel Ridge on the east and adjoining Randolph and Tucker Counties. There are a few small virgin areas in that section which contains in the aggregate about 1,000 acres, and approximately 12.000 acres of cut-over forest. There are about 3.000 acres of cutover forest, also, lying in broken tracts along the Tygart Valley and Middle Fork Rivers from a short distance above Philippi to Clements.
"The small areas of woodland throughout the county are principally connected with cleared farm land and contain only a small stand of merchantable timber."
768 Clay, Building Stone, Etc.
Areas Suitable for Reforestation.
A large proportion of Barbour is such fine agricultural and grazing land that it is highly improbable that much of it will ever be reforested, as those portions of the county where the Monongahela and upper two-thirds of the Conemaugh Series outcrop are natural blue-grass land and therefore extremely valuable. If the need of reforestation should arise, the most suitable areas would be the great eastern slope of the Laurel Ridge, which without exception is rough stony land, and those sections of the Tygart Valley River hillsides where the Pottsville Series crops, one of these being located between Arden and the Taylor County Line and the other between Philippi and Belington.
Forest Protection Service.
Some of the large landowners in southern Barbour are subscribers to the Central West Virginia Fire Protective Association, a semi-official organization, supported in part by State and Government funds, but largely by private assessment based on acreage. This association has several lookout stations and patrol routes in Barbour and adjoining counties, and since its organization has saved much valuable timber from fire.
Lumber Mills.
Most of the timber at present sawed in the county is handled by small portable mills, no account of which is available. The following is the principal woodworking establishment of the county :
J. W. Thomhill Lumber Company.— The J. W. Thomhill Lumber Company, established in 1906 as the Belingten Planing Mill Company, and transferred to its present ownership and management in 1912, is located on the Weaver Branch of the Western Maryland Railway, one mile south of Belington, which is its headquarters. According to A. M. Woltz, Superintendent, the plant manufactures sash, doors, moldings, and
West Virginia Geological Survey. 769
general mill work, employing 30 men, of whom 15 are skilled laborers, the monthly pay-roll being $2500.
Upshur County.
In Volume V, pages 293 to 300, of the State Survey Reports, there is a description of the forest resources of Upshur County, from which those portions relating to original and present forest conditions and the lumber industry are republished here, as follows:
"Original Foret Conditions.
'Yellow poplar, black walnut, white oak, red oak, and chestnut may be named as some of the most valuable hardwoods of the county. Other common hardwoods were sugar and red maple, black birch, shellbark and pignut hickory, black gum, beech, chestnut oak, scarlet oak, black oak, white ash, locust, sycamore, and white walnut. Cucumber, basswood, and some others were distributed locally. Shingle oak grew along the Buckhannon River as far up as Hampton, and a very few trees of swamp white oak were to be found on the low lands in the vicinity of Lorentz, 4 miles west of Buckhannon.
''Hemlock once grew on the rough stony soil of Buckhannon River and its larger tributaries as far north as Sago; on nearly all the tributaries of the Right and Left Forks of the Lrittle Kanawha in the southern end; and to some extent along the Middle Fork River. There were also narrow fringes of hemlocks along the tributaries of West Fork River which head in the county. No other softwoods — not even in small quantities — grew within the area.
"The quality of poplar, black walnut, and hemlock was good. White oak and chestnut were damaged to some extent by insects.
"The Lumber Industry.
"The destruction of timber by the pioneers of the county was enormous, as large settlements were begun and large openings made in the original forests many years before the establishment of a commercial lumber industry. It is of interest that the first white men who lived in the county made their home for two years in the hollow of a gigantic sycamore tree which grew near the mouth of Turkey Run, a tributary of the Buckhannon River. These men were John and Samuel Pringle, deserters from the royal army at Fort Pitt during the French and Indian War. When the war was over they left the region for the settlements on the South Branch. In 1768 Samuel Pringle acted as guide for the first settlers who built their homes along the Buckhannon River and its larger branches not far from the town of Buckhannon. In 1772 others came from the same settlements and established homes farther up the river and on Hackers Creek. Settlements were made at Sago in 1801, at French Creek in 1816, at Queen in 1817, and by 1825 there were families living in every district.
"Sawing for domestic use was begun over a hundred years ago. The first lumber was sawed with whip saws which were operated by hand. A few years later rude water-power sawmills were built along
770 Clay, Building Stone, Etc.
the creeks and rivers in several localities. The following list of sash sawmills with dates and locations is taken from Cutright's History of Upshur County:
"Owners. Dat€ of Building Location.
John Stradcr & Henry Reger 1806 Spruce Run.
John Jackson 1810 Buckhannon.
Zedekiah Morgan i& Patrick Peebles 1810 Sago.
Aaron Gould 1818 French Creek, (Meadville)
James Bunten 1826 Sago.
Elbridge and John Burr 1882 French Creek.
Aaron Liggett 1868 Glady Fork.
Chipps & Wamsley 1864 G'rassv Run.
Lewis 1874 Big Sand Run.
Hinkle 1878 Big Sand Run.
"There were also B. W. Phillips' mill and Houghton's mill on Laurel Fork of French Creek, Abram Crites' mill at Selbyville on the Buckhannon River. Prlngle's mill at Alton on the Buckhannon River, Wilson's mill at Stillman on the Little Kanawha, Marshall Wingrove's mill on French Creek, and several others.
"It is probable that Abraham Hinkle operated the first steam sawmill on Cutright Run, a tributary of the Buckhannon River, in the year 1867. About ten years later W. F. Hollen built a mill of the same kind in Union District and operated it for a number of years.
"The commercial lumber industry began with the building of the railroad to Buckhannon in 1883 and was greatly increased by its extension up the Buckhannon River a few years later. Since that time there has been an extensive industry throughout the whole Buckhannon River basin carried on by scores of large and small operators. A few of these are mentioned below:
"Floyd Brown and William Meams both operated mills on the waters of Little Kanawha, beginning about 1885. The former sawed at Stillman, Getout Run, and in other places in that region; the latter, with his sons, continued to operate for many years in the vicinity of Rock Cave and in other parts of the southern end. Fidler and HufF had a steam mill on Kanawha Run as early as 1888. Fidler's mill on Kanawha River at Arlington should be mentioned also as one of the pioneer stationary operations.
"A. G. Giffln began in the county by buying hickory. This he sawed and shipped to Pennsylvania. Later he cut poplar and other timber on his own mill and on several rented mills. Still later he acquired the plant built by the Buckhannon River Lumber Company at Buckhannon. Much lumber manufactured by himself and by others in the region was dressed on his planing mill located in Buckhannon. His operations covered the period from 1883 to 189).
"The Buckhannon River Lumber Company came in soon after the railroad was built to Buckhannon. This company operated a circular mill at Buckhannon and another at Tenmile, and hired a third mill near the latter town. Many of the logs for the Buckhannon mill and the lumber from the Tenmile mills were brought down the river on a tram-road. A large number of logs were brought down from lands high up on the Buckhannon River, some being floated and others hauled by the company's locomotive after the West Virginia and Pittaburgh Railroad was extended to Newlon in 1891. About the year 1892 the mill was sold to Winchester and Craddock, who soon after remodeled it, installing a band In place of the circular saw.
"G. F. Stockert came to Upshur County from Lewis in 1888 and began operations with the Buckhannon River Lumber Company. Later he and his brothers sawed on Little Bush Run, a tributary of
West Virginia Geological Survey. 77 1
Frencli Creek, and on Kanawha Run a tributary of the Little Kanawha River. He also cut about 8,000,0M feet on Big Run near the town of Alton. From there he went to Panther Fork where he erected a large circular mill. Here from 1895 to 1900, he cut about 12,000,000 feet of fine timber from a tract of 3,600 acres and then sold out to Isherwood and Cody. Later he sawed near Alton and In other parts of the county. At present he Is superintending operations on the Kanawha River near the town of Holly Grove.
"Alexander Lumber Company, with a band mill at Alexander, cut timber from a large tract on the Left Fork of Buckhannon River be tween the years 1889 and 1894.
"Col. Sellars operated a circular sawmill at Tenmile between 1889 and 1892.
"Alton Lumber Company erected a portable mill at Alton in the spring of 1891 and cut the timber from 1,200 acres of land on Buckhannon River and Laurel Fork of French Creek. This company, with olflces in Buckhannon, is now engaged in the wholesale lumber business and is interested also in the manufacture of lumber in Randolph and Barbour Counties.
"Smoot Lumber Company operated a portable mill at Tenmile from about 1892 to 1898.
"Fell and Stranahan sawed the timbei* from a tract of 600 acres near Tenmile between the years 1893 and 1895.
"Isherwood and Cody sawed about 15,000,000 feet of lumber from their own lands on Panther Fork between 1900 and 1908.
"Others who have operated portable mills are Crosby and Beckley Lumber Company on Big Run, near Alton; Jenkins and Cochran near the village of Canaan; J. H. Grogg on French Creek and other Buckhannon River tributaries; William Burner near the town of Sago; and Phillips Brothers on the Buckhannon River from Sago to Alton.
"The 3 principal lines of steel railroad built in the county for hauling logs and lumber are the 17-mile line built up the Left Fork of Buckhannon River by the Alexander Lumber Compeny in 1890; the 15-mile line built by G F. Stockert on Panther Fork and Middle Fork waters; and the recently constructed line from Frenchton to the Kanawha River in use by the Buckhannon Lumber Company
"The principal operations now in the county is that of the Croft Lumber Company with a single band mill located at Alexander.
"Not fewer than 30 sawmills, with capacities ranging from 1,000 to 8,000 feet a day, are operating principally in the southern end of the county and along the Coal and Coke Railroad in the central sections.
''Present Forest Conditions.
"There are 4 or 5 virgin forest areas, aggregating about 1,500 acres, still remaining in the southern end of the county, principally in the Kanawha River basin. Most of the cut-over forest lands lie in the scattered tracts along the Buckhannon River south of Sago, and in the extreme southeili end of the county along the Randolph and Webster Lines. The largest areas are in the vicinity of Alton, on both sides of the Buckhannon River, and on the rough lands which slope to the Right and Left Forks of the Little Kanawha near Cleveland. The total area of cut-over forest land is about 17,000 acres.
"The remaining 190,000 acres, or more, of land in the county id owned by farmers. In Warren and Buckhannon Districts in the northem end not less than 85 per cent, of the land is cultivated or in grass.
Tj2 Clay, Building Stone, Etc.
In the southern and eastern parts the percentage of cleared land is much lower. The fanners, as a rule, have woodlots that contain some merchantahle timber and that are well stocked with a young growth of valuable species of hardwoods."
Areas Suitable for Reforestation.
Northern and central Upshur has much the same soil as western Barbour, the outcrop of the Monongahela and upper portion of the Conemaugh Series making land that is unexcelled for grazing and agricultural purposes and that is far too valuable for reforestation. Southern Upshur, however, has a large amount of Pottsville and Allegheny outcrop that might well be reforested as much of it will not hold grass and will not pay for the labor of cultivation.
Lack of Forest Protection.
No general system of forest protection is in force in Upshur, most of the lumber companies depending on their own efforts to guard against fire.
Lumber Mills.
The various woodworking plants of Buckhannon, including the William Grosscup Planing Mill, Upshur Planing Mill, Buckhannon Box and Resaw Company, and Layfield Manufacturing Company, have already been described in the account of the miscellaneous industries of Buckhannon, pages 21-22. In addition to these, information is available on the following large mills in the county :
Croft Lumber Company. — The Croft Lumber Company, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, built a lumber mill at Alexander on the Buckhannon River, in 1909, on the site first occupied by the Alexander Boom and Lumber Company and later by Hart Brothers. According to L. E. Keller, Bookkeeper, the output consists mostly of undressed lumber, the daily capacity being 75,000 feet for hardwood or 100,000 feet of soft wood. About 65 men are employed on the mill, and about 60 on the construction gangs and operating force of the Alexan-
West Virginia Geological Survey. 773
der and Eastern Railroad, a leased line that hauls the logs from the forests of Randolph County.
Buckhannon Chemical Company. — The Buckhannon Chemical Company, with head office at Selbyville, West Virginia, and works at Chemical, West Virginia, was established in 1908. According to William McDade, General Manager, Ihe plant manufactures wood alcohol, acetate of lime, and charcoal, consuming 18,000 cords of wood annually. About 100 men are employed in the mill and woods gangs with an average monthly pay-roll of $8,000. The raw material is mostly beech and maple from the cut-over forests not far from the mill. The equipment includes 6 retorts of 10 cords capacity each, 3 coffee stills, one 10' by 20" lime-lees still, two 10' by 10' alcohol-stills, one T by 7' wooden tar-still, and three boilers of ISO horse-power and one of 65 horse-power. The Chemical and Helvetia Railroad, a separate corporation that hauls the cord-wood to the mill, has already been described, page 4.
Randolph County.
In Volume V, pages 261-267, of the State Survey Reports, there is a description of the forests and mills of Randolph, no mention being made of original forest conditions. The account of the lumber industry and present forest conditions, embracing a considerable territory outside the limits of this Report, is given below:
"The Lumber industry.
"Although there were settlements in Randolph County as early as 1772, most of the forest land remained undisturbed for a hundred years thereafter. Outside of the valleys of Tygart Valley River and of Leading Creek the territory was slowly occupied, being mostly high, mountainous land and unfit for farming purposes.
"The dwelling houses and out-buildings of all the pioneer settlers were constructed of logs for the first 50 years and only a few were built of sawed lumber for many years after that time. One or two water sawmills manufactured a meager supply of lumber for the farmers of the upper Tygart Valley In an early day. According to Maxwell's History of Randolph County, 'The first sawmill in Mingo was built by Edward Woods and John Smiley at the Laurel Thicket on H. €. Tolly's place near Valley Head, in 1822- The wagon which hauled the irons for the mill was the first that crossed the mountain to Mingo. It was driven by Augustus Woods, who cut the road as he
774 Clay, Building Stone, Etc.
came.' This was one of the first sawmills in the county, and perhaps the only one for several years. Martin's list of 1835 gives 1 sawmill in Randolph County.
"From about 1865 to 1895 there were a great many logs floated on the Cheat and Tygart Valley Rivers. The first timber sold in the county was taken out by water. Some of the best poplar, ash, cherry, and black walnut went In this way. Pardee and Curtin Lumber Company of Grafton got a large percentage of the logs floated on the Tygart Valley, and those floated on the Cheat went largely to Rowlesburg and Point Marlon. Dewing and Sons sawed some of the first spruce that was cut in West Virginia on a large circular sawmill located at Point Marion. Col. A. H. Winchester, with headquarters at Cheat Bridge, superintended the cutting of timber on the company's extensive holdings on Shavers Fork from about 1888 to 1896. The logs made the long Journey from almost the head to the mouth of Cheat River.
"The steam sawmill industry began in the year 1878 when a portable mill was brought from Virginia and put in operation on Dry Fork of Cheat. Others soon followed this and by the year 1890 several were running in different parts of the county.
"A more active industry followed the building of the railroads which made accessible the great coniferous and hardwood forests. The principal railroad lines were built approximately as follows:
"From Parsons to Elkins 1889.
From Elkins to Bei-crly 1891.
From Beverly to Huttonsville 1898.
From Newlon to Pickens 1892.
From Roaring Creek Junction to Coalton 1908.
From Elkins to Durbin 1908.
"Within the last 12 years the lumber industry has increased at an amazing rate. Huge band mills have taken the place of smaller operations in all the large forest areas and are now manufacturing lumb at the rate of a million feet a day. No fewer than 15 band mills located within the county and several on the outside, as well as a number of smaller portable sawmills, are cutting timber from the Randolph forests. Below are given the names of the band saw operations with the date on which they began in the county:
"Parsons Pulp and Lumber Co., Horton on Gandy Creek 1894
Holly Lumber Co., Pickens, on Buckhannon River 1900
Tygart River Lumber Co., Millcreek, on Mill Creek 1908
Parsons Pulp & Lumber Co., Laneville, on Red Creek 1905
J. M. Bemis & Son, Bemis, on Shaver Fork 1905
Glady Fork Lumber Co., Glady, on Glady Fork 1906
Wheeler Lumber Co., Glady, on Glady Fork 1906
Moore, Keppel & Co.. Ellamore, on Middle Fork 1900
Elkins Pail & Lumber Co., Elkins, on Tygart Valley 1906
Brown & Hill. Monies, on Shavers Fork 1906
Raine-Andrews Lumber Co., Evenwood, on Glady Fork 1906
Pcrley & Crockett Lumber Co., Jenningston, on Dry Fork 1906
United Lumber Co., Hazclwood, on Dry Fork 1908
Wyoming Lumber Co., Laneville, on Red Creek 1908
Laurel River Lumber Co., Jenningston, on Dry Fork 1009
"A few of the large lumber companies which have already completed their operations in the county are given by Mr. C. W. Maxwell, of Elkins, as follows: Morribell Lumber Company, at Morribell, 1901 to 1908; Beulah Lumber Company, at Beulah, 1901 to 1908; McClure, Tyson & Irving, at Olady, 1901 to 1909; J. B. Moore ft Son, at Oilman,
West Virginia Geological Survey. 775
1901 to 1908; Mabie-McClure Lumber Company, at Mabie, completed work in 1908; Hlmmelrick Lumber Company at Coalton, 1895 to 1908; and Jenningston Lumber Company at Jenningeton, sold to Laurel River Lumber Company in 1908.
"No definite data have been collected regarding the cutting of ties, poles, staves, shingles, etc., in the county, nor of the cutting of the lare number of chestnut oaks for tan-bark.
"Present Forest Conditions
"There are probably not far from 125,000 acres of cleared land in the county. Of this approximately one-half lies along the bottoms and foot-hills of the Tygart Valley River and Leading Creek, and the other half in the region of Helvetia on the southwest, in the mountainous limestone region on Dry Fork of Cheat, and in small farms scattered throughout the area.
"The great virgin forests — aggregating about 195,000 acres — lie principally on the Cheat waters east of the crest of Cheat Mountain, and on the headwaters of Middle Fork River. It is said that about 85,000 acres of this contains spruce timber in varying quantities. Hemlock is found in abundance on almost every tract. There are almost 200,000 acres of cut-over forest land in the county. This lies in large and small areas throughout the forest region adjoining the lands which have not yet been cut over. In some sections, notably along Gandy Creek and Glady Fork of Cheat, fire has killed the young growth that was left by the lumbermen and thousands of acres now contain nothing more valuable in the way of tree species than wild red cherries and yellow birches. In some places even these have been killed and a dense growth of blackberry briers and ferns has sprung up in their places. There is an area of large extent on the Roaring Plains, where the eastern line of the county follows the crest -of Alleghany Mountains, which is almost entirely without vegetation of any kind. The frequent fires in the region not only destroyed the trees and shrubs but the soil also.
"Granting that there are 4 billion feet of timber yet standing in Randolph County (a high estimate) there are enough mills now at work to cut every foot of it inside of 15 years. Some companies, however, own a sufficient quantity of timber to keep them operating a few years longer than that. According to - Information obtained from the lumber companies listed above only 5 of them will be operating in the county 10 years hence and these will be nearing the completion of their work. Almost every acre of virgin forest in the county is in the hands of operators or Is likely to be within a very short
time
"It is gratifying to note that at least one lumber company — the West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company — is making extensive plantations of spruce trees on its cut-over lands near the head of Shavere Fork of River."
Areas Suitable for Reforestation.
Almost the entire area of the western portion of Randolph C ounty belonging in the scope of this Report is covered with the rough stony weatherings of the Pottsville Series and therefore little suited for grazing or cultivation. The Alle-
7/6 Clay, Building Stone, Etc.
gheny Series making a thin soil little better than the Pottsville covers a portion of the surfa<?e along the Belington Syncline in the vicinity of Roaring Creek and westward toward Middle Fork River, this country being smoother and better adapted to agriculture. A very considerable portion of the Pottsville areas are still in woodland, either virgin or cut-over, and in view of the very great need of flood control, forest conservation, and water-supply, it would seem advisable to keep a very great portion of this land in perpetual forest.
Forest Protection 'Service.
Nearly all of the wooded land in western Randolph is under control of the Central West Virginia Fire Protective Association, with its system of lookouts and patrols and is therefore well protected against fire.
Lumber Mills in Western Portion.
Moore-Keppel & Company. — The principal mill of western Randolph is that of Moore-Keppel & Company, operating at Ellamore on the Middle Fork River, established in 1906. This company has a large band sawmill and a separate plant for turning out wagon hubs. Its broad-gauge railroad extends from Midvale on the Coal and Coke Railway up the Middle Fork River to Adolph, tapping one of the best areas of virgin hemlock in the State.
Part Iv.
Paleontology CHAPTER XIV.
NOTES ON THE PALEONTOLOGY OF BAR- BOUR, UPSHUR AND THE WESTERN POR- TION OF RANDOLPH COUNTIES.
fnvertebrate Fossils from the Conemaugh and Pottsville
Series.
By W. Armstrong Price.
Introduction.
The area covered by the following report upon invertebrate fossils consists of Barbour and Upshur Counties, including the region lying in the western portion of Randolph County chiefly west of Rich Mountain. One collection from the edge of Lewis County bordering on southwestern Upshur i'i included. The fossils studied were collected chiefly by ]\Tr. D. B. Reger, with some collected by Messrs. Ray V. Hennen and D. D. Teets. These were small lots obtained incidentally to the prosecution of their stratigraphic and economic studies and were designed to be supplemented by further collecting, which has not as yet been done. In the case of the Orlando, Ames and Pine Creek horizons the collections are by no means representative of the total fauna of these beds. The collections from the Brush Creek are five in number and are fuller than those from the overlying strata. Several of the latter were made by the writer while engaged in collecting fossils from Lewis County. An almost representative collection may sometimes be obtained from this bed from small amounts of material because the shale is highly fossiliferous and many of the species small. The collections from the Pottsville horizons are considered to be representative of those faunas in the area studied. These faunas are
778 NOTES ON THE PALEONTOLOGY OF D ARBOUR, UPSHUR, AND THE WESTERN PORTION OF RANDOLPH COUNTIES.
restricted in variety and the horizons are not everywhere fossilbearing. Further collecting from the two known exposures of the Kanawha Black Flint horizon is desirable and may be expected to yield other spedes in addition to those herein enumerated. However, it is reported by Reger to be only sparingly fossiliferous. Ten species not previously noted in the Brush Creek limestone in the state have been found in these collections and further collecting from this horizon also is desirable. The Orlando limestone warrants further study. The collections obtained from it are yet to be fully investigated. The study of the Pottsville horizons of these counties in their relation to the thin Pottsville section lying to the north of this area offers results of value. This study has been begun.
The accompanying map, Figure 21, shows the progress of the studies of the invertebrate fossils of the Pennsylvanian strata to the date of writing.
o oojCounty Reports
HCcuntir Reports fUad.
oantjr Heporti . . I No Fooails Listed.
OUTUNE r-lAP VVEST VIRGINIA
Progress* Of- -
Figure 21. Showing Progress of Studies of Invertebrate
Fossils.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 779
Faunal Horizons.
The fossil-bearing beds of rock in the area of this report are shown in the accompanying table, in which are given the total thickness of each series and a description of the fossiliferous members, with the vertical distance in feet of the base of each member below the top of the series in which it lies.
This table is adapted from the general sections of the measures as given by Reger in the preceding chapters of this report.
Table Showing Stratigraphic Position of Fossiliferous
Members.
Maximum intervals below top of each series, in feet. Pennsylvanian System Monongahela Series (400 feet thick). Conemaugh Series (620 feet thick), containing:
Orlando Limestone, shaly, lenticular, 2 feet thick;
containing fish teeth ; non-marine in origin 260
Ames Limestone.
Limestone, dark, shaly, lenticular; marine fossils
abundant ; 1 foot thick ; Shale, dark green, bearing marine fossils, 10 feet
thick ; Limestone, dark, shaly, lenticular; abundant marine
fossils, 1 foot thick 323
Pine Creek Limestone, lenticular; sometimes containing marine fossils, 1 foot thick 460
Brush Creek Limestone.
Limestone, dark; marine fossils abundant; 1 foot
thick ; Shale, dark; marine fossils abundant; 8 feet thick. 524
780 NOTES ON THE PALEONTOLOGY OF BARBOUR, UPSHUR, AND THE WESTERN PORTION OF RANDOLPH COUNTIES.
Allegheny Series (250 feet thick). Pottsville Series (1050 feet thick), composed of: Kanawha Group (645 feet thick), containing:
Roof Shale of the Upper Mercer Coal, dark, bituminous, fissile; containing plant remains and invertebrate fossils; non-marine in origin; six
inches thick 65
Kanawha Black Flint, shale, dark; with occasional
marine fossils; 5 feet thick, absent in most places 135 Quakertown Shate, hard, black, fissile, carbonaceous, often fossiliferous ; 4 feet thick, in places
absent 217
Newlon Limestone and Shale, black, fissile shale, with limestone concretions ; sometimes fossiliferous ; non-marine in origin ; 20 feet thick, absent
in places 576
Hartridge Shale, black, fissile and carbonaceous; often fossiliferous; non-marine in origin; 2 to 5
feet in thickness 895
Mississippian System Mauch Chunk Series (underlying formation)
The correlation of the various stratigraphic units is the work of D. B. Reger. The fossiliferous beds were of great jxssistance as key rocks in the tracing of the strata. In the Pottsville the faunas below the Kanawha Black Flint are not sufficiently varied or distinct to be of assistance in the field, but the presence of Linguia kanazchensis in the Alton drill core at a depth approximately that of the Quakertown Shale and its having been found only at that horizon in the area ot this report strengthened the correlation of the strata passed through in the drilling. A truly marine, though meagre, assemblagfe consisting of Orbiculoidea convexa, Derbya crassa and D. robusta was collected by Reoer from beds which he.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 781
upon stratigraphic grounds, refers to the Kanawha Black Flint. Their presence strengthens this correlation.
The following section of the Roof Shale of the Upper Mercer Coal was measured by the writer at a point in Lewis County, Collins Settlement District, on the east bank of Cherry Fork of Little Kanawha River, 0.8 mile north of Ingo at 1245 feet above sea-level by aneroid. Locality 107; the beds are given in descending order:
Beds Totals
Ft. In. Ft. In.
1. Sandstone, shaly 10 0 10 0
2. Shale, black, argillaceous, Naiadites
elongata, aa; Spirorbis pusillus, a;
Ostracoda, c ; plant remains, c ; 0 6 10 6
Bone 0 feet 6 inches
Coal 1 "9 " 2 3 12 9
4. Shale, argillaceous, plant remains abundant
1 0 13 9
5. Coal, bone and shale 0 5 14 2
6. Shale, argillaceous; plant roots; sandy
toward bottom ; visible 5 0 19 2
This is the only locality at which fossils were obtained from the roof shale of the Upper Mercer Coal. The section at this point was given by Reger in the report on Lewis County*. The black shale from which the fossils were obtained lies above a small coal bed which was provisionally held to be the Mercer Coal. This correlation was, however, qualified in the following terms: "It is possible that this coal may be an intermediate seam between the Lower Kittanning and the Mercer, as its interval below the former seems too small." He has, in a previous chapter of the present report, referred it to the Upper Mercer.
♦West Virginia Geological Survey, 1916, Lewis County Rept. p.
782 NOTES ON THE PALEONTOLOGY OK BARBOUR, UPSHUR, AND THE WESTERN PORTION OF RANDOLPH COUNTIES.
The Faunas.
The Orlando Limestone of Reger* has furnished an interesting fauna collected from a small region in the southern projection of Lewis and the adjoining border areas of Braxton and Upshur. This fauna had been described as follows
"This fauna has not been studied in the laboratory. From notes made in the field while collecting, the following general description may be given : Fish teeth and scales are abundant and striking. They are of small size and frequently fragmentary. Naiadites elongata Dawson is found in association with pelecypoda suggestive of Edfnondia, which latter have been examined only superficially. Ostracoda and plant remains complete an association of forms which strongly suggests a non-marine origin. The Edmondia-Vike pelecypoda may be marine types, and if so have probably been brought in by currents to a non-marine locality, or the inland forms have been carried out toward the sea." A single fish tooth was collected from this horizon in Upshur County.
Ames Limestone. — The following species have been obtained from this horizon :
Clionolithes canna
Derbya crassa
Chonetes ganulifer
Nucula parva
Leda meekiana
Deltopecten occidentalis ?
Euchondria neglecta
Euphemus carbonarius
Pharkidonotus percarinatus
Phanerotrema grayvillense
This assemblage by no means represents the whole of
this fauna, being the yield of a very small amount of shale
from a single collection. The species are, with two excep-.
tions, common Ames forms. Clionolithes canna and Euchon-
♦Reger, D. B., West Virginia Geol. Survey, 1916, Lewis and Gilmer Cos. Rept., p. 147.
♦♦Price, W. Armstrong, Ibid, p. 623-
West Virginia Geological Survey. 783
dria neglecta appear for the first time in a list of Ames fossils from West Virginia. Reger, who collected the fossils, is of the opinion that the Ames is less fossiliferous in this region than in the other Conemaugh areas of the state which have been studied by him and that it is less fossiliferous than the Brush Creek.
The Pine Creek Limestone in Upshur County has yielded the following species:
Derbya crassa?
Productus cora?
Composita subtilita
Solenomya anodontoides
Edmondia? sp.
Pelecypoda indeterminata. These fossils were obtained from a single collection on the western border of the county which has been previously reported as follows:*
"On account of the fragmentary and comminuted condition of the shells only a few species were identified. Little can be said of the character of the fauna, except that an equal number of brachiopod and pelecypod species, and no other orders, appear, which is well in harmony with the general character of this fauna as observed elsewhere by the writer."
Further collections from this horizon in the area of the report have not been made nor the extension of the fossiliferous stratum determined.
Brush Creek Limestone. — This is the most abundantly fossiliferous horizon in the area of the report. Reger reports that its outcrops are numerous and that fossil collecting should yield excellent results. The material examined by the writer is in a better state of preservation than is frequently the case at this horizon, which is commonly a zone of water circulation in which the calcareous shells are leached out. The writer made two full collections from this horizon along the western edge of Upshur County and reported the list in connection with the survey of Lewis County, to which reference has been
*West Virginia Gol. Survey, 1916, Lewis and Gilmer Counties Rept., p. 624.
784 NOTES ON THE PALEONTOLOGY OF BARBOUR, UPSHUR, AND THE WESTERN PORTION OF RANDOLPH COUNTIES.
made on a previous page. Small amounts of material from other localities have come to hand, but a large number of species has been obtained from it due to the highly fossiliferous nature of the shale. The list follows:
CHonolithes canna
Serpulopsis insita
Enchostoma elkensis
Crinoidea, plates, spines and column-segments
Rhombopora lepidodendroides ?
Chonetes granulifer
Chonetes verneuilanus
Productus cora
Pustula symmetrica?
Solenomy a ? anodontoides
Solenomya radiata
Prothyris elegans
Edmondia reflexa
Edmondia? sp., cf. concentrica
Edmondia sp.
Nucula parva
Leda meekiana
Yoldia glabra
Parallelodon obsoletus Schizodus cuneatus? Schizodus wheeleri? Deltopecten coxanus Euchondria neglecta Lima retifera Astartella concentrica Plagioglypta meekiana? Patellostium montfortianum Bucanopsis meekiana Pharkidonotus percarinatus Phanerotrema grayvillense Bulimorpha nitidula ? Gastropoda indeterminata Pseudorthoceras knoxense ?
West Virginia Geological Survey. 785
Metacoceras sangamonensis
Ostracoda An examination of the above list shows that of the 35 species one-half have been reported from the Brush Creek of Lewis and Gilmer Counties ; of the remainder six were found in Preston County at this horizon. Ten species appear in Brush Creek lists for West Virginia for the first time. Two of these are tubicola: Serpulopsis insita and Enchostoma elkensis. The latter has previously been seen only in the Kanawha Black Flint. Six pelecypoda have formerly been found as follows: Prothyris eiegans and Edmondia concentrica in the Ames; Schizodus cuncatus in the Seth Limestone; Euchondria neglecta in the Ames and Eagle limestones, while Yoldia glabra has not been reported from the state. One gastropod, Bucanopsis meekiana, is an Ames form and the remaining one of the ten species is the cephalopod Metacoceras sangamonensis not previously noted in the state. The total number of species obtained is very nearly as great as that recorded for Lewis County; also the relative abundance of the species and those which have diagnostic value are, so far as may be determined from the few localities studied, very nearly the same as reported for that region.*
A striking feature of the material examined is the large number of minute individuals of the commoner species. These seem to form perhaps a half of the fossils present. Many species are here represented only by undersized examples.
Roof Shale of the Upper Mercer Coal. — This is the highest horizon referred to the Kanawha Group of the Pottsville in which fossils have so far been reported.
The fossils collected here by Reger and the writer are :
Spirorbis pusillus
Naiadites elongata
Ostracoda
Abundant plant remains. This assemblage indicates non-marine conditions and there is nothing about the appearance of the plant remains to
♦West Virginia Geol. Survey, 1916, Lewis and Gilmer Counties Rept., p. 625.
786 NOTES ON THE PALEONTOLOGY OF BARBOUR UPSHUR, AND THE WESTERN PORTION OF RANDOLPH COUNTIES.
suggest any other mode of accumulation than growth in situ. A collection of the plants was not obtained ; they appeared to be of the usual Coal Measures types.
Kanawha Black Flint. — A single small collection revealed :
Orbiculoidea convexa Derbya crassa Derbya robusta.
Reger reports the horizon only sparingly fossiliferous and frequently unrecognizable or absent.
The Quakcrtown Shale. — This horizon and the Kanawha Black Flint are the only ones at which undoubted marine fossils were found within the area of the report. Two species have been obtained from the collections : Lingula kanawhensis Naiadites elongata.
Of these the first-named was found at one outcrop of the shale and was also obtained from a drill core. The depth was only approximately determined but is known to be very nearly at the Quakertown horizon. Since this species was obtained nowhere else in the area it is referred with considerable confidence to this bed.
The Newlon Limestone and Shale. — At one locality ci on (rat a was found in abundance. Since the habitat of this form appears quite varied, as is discussed elsewhere in this report, its presence fails to deter;nine the conditions of deposition of the shale and its lime content. The bed has not been studied in the field bv the writer.
The Hartridge Shale. — Four collections from this horizon have yielded abundant reirains of Xaiadites elongata. At one locality plant leaves were also abundant. This bed is the only member of the New River Group of the state from which fossil shells have been collected, the Douglas Shale of Wyoming and McDowell Counties having been found to lie above the base of the Kanawha Group.*
♦Ray v. Hennen, porrnal communication. He also i 'ports having found Lingulae In shales associated with coals of the New River Group in Fayette County.
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West Virginia Geological Survey. 789
Register of Localities.
(An asterisk denotes that the collection has been studied for this report.)
107. *Lewi8 County, Collins Settlement District, east bank of Clierry Fork of Little Kanawha . River, 0.8 mile north of Ingo at 1245 feet above sea by aneroid; Kanawha Group, Roof Shale of Upper Mercer Coal. Collectors: W. Armstrong Price and D. B. Reger.
170. Randolph County, Leadsvllle District, 0.3 mile south of Laurel
Station on Western Maryland Railroad; Kanawha Group, QuAKERTOwN Shale- Collectors: D. B. Reger and D. D. Teets.
171. ♦Barbour County, Glade District, head of Hunter Fork, 0.7 mile
northwest of Thorn Knob; Kanawha Group, Kanawha Black Flint. Collector: D. B. Heger.
172. ♦Upshur County, Washington District, 0.7 mile southwest of
Hemlock; Kanawha Group, Kanawha Black Flint. Collectors: D. B. Reger and D. D. Teets.
173. ♦Randolph County, Middle Fork District, at Hartridge on Left
Fork of Buckhannon River; New River Group, Hartridge. Shale. Collectors: D. B. Reger and D. D. Teets.
174. ♦Randolph County, Mingo District, head of Stony Run branch
of Elkwater Fork of Tygart Valley River, 3.0 miles northwest of Monterville; New River Group, Hartridge Shale. Collector: D. B. Reger.
175. ♦Randolph County, Huttonsville District, H. G. Davis Mine on
Mill Creek, 2.8 miles due west of Lee Bell; New River Group, Hartridge Shale. Collector: D. B. Reger.
178. ♦Randolph County, Middle Fork District, Right Fork of Buck-hannon
River, 0.8 mile southeast of Arvondale Junction; Kanawha Group, Newlon Member. Collector: D. B. Reger.
179. ♦Randolph County, Middle Fork District, Long Run, 2.8 miles
southeast of Queen; New Kiver Group, Hartridge Shale. Collector: D. B. Reger.
180. ♦Randolph County, Middle Fork IMstrlct, drainage of Middle Fork
River, on Bear Knob, 0.7 mile northwest of Casslty, Kanawha Group, Quakertown Shale. Collector: D. B. Reger.
181. ♦Upshur County, Meade District. G. W. Fish drill core, on Big
Run of Buckhannon River, 0.3 mile southwest of Alton. Kanawha Group, Quakertown Shale. Collector: D. B. Reger.
182. ♦Barbour County, Philippi District, east bank of Tygart Valley
River, 0.1 mile east of Adma Station, Kanawha Group, Quakertown Shale. Collectors: Ray V. Hennen and D. B. Reger.
183. ♦Barbour County, Glade District, head of Teter Creek, 1.7 miles
east of Flora; Conemaugh Series, Ames Limestone. Collector: D. B. Reger.
184. ♦Upshur County, Banks District, 1.7 miles southwest of Rock
Cave; Conemaugh Series, Brush Creek Limestone. Collector: D. B. Reger.
185. ♦Barbour County, Barker District, 0.5 mile northwest of Tigheview
; Conemaugh Series, Brush Creek Limestone. Collector: D. B. Reger.
790 NOTES ON THE PALEONTOLOGY OF BARBOUR, UPSHUR, AND THE WESTERN PORTION OF RANDOLPH COUNTIES.
186. Barbour County, Valley District, about 2 miles southwest of Dartmoor (locality not dellnitely reported); Conemaugb Series, Brush Creek Limestone. Collector: D. D. Teets.
For convenience of reference the following list of localities in Upshur County is quoted from the report on Lewis and Gilmer Counties. The fossils obtained at these localities were Included in the lists published in that report and have been studied and described herein.
99. *Upshur County, Banks District, Coal & Coke Railway cuts, 1.1 to l.S miles east of Jewell, 1397 feet barometer above sea. Brush Creek Limestone.. Collector, W. Armstrong Price.
101. *Up8hur County, Buckhannon District, Right Fork of Stonecoal Creek, south bank of stream, 1.1 miles southwest of Atlas, 1170 feet barometer above sea. Pine Creek Limestone.. Collector, W. Armstrong Price.
105. *Upshur County, Banks District, head of Whites Camp Fork of West Fork River, 0.7 mile northwest of Cow Run School 1620 feet barometer above sea, Brush Creek Limestone.. Collector, W. Armstrong Price.
135. *Upshur County, Buckhannon District, 0.4 mile southwest of Atlas, on head of Spruce Fork of Stonecoal Creek, in public road, 1370 feet barometer above sea, Orlando Limestone. Collector, D. B. Reger.
Description Of Species.
(The following abbreviations are used in the description: "a", abundant; "aa", very abundant; "c", common; where no symbol follows the locality number the species is rare in the collection obtained. All the specimens of these collections are in the Collection of the West Virginia Geological Survey)
Coelenterata.
Porifera.
Genus CLIONOLITHES Clarke.
Clionolithes canna Price.
Clionolithes canna. Price, 1916. West Virginia Geol. Survey, Raleigb and Western For. Summers and Mercer Cos. Rept., p. 688, pi. XXX, fig. 1. Conemaugh Series: Brush Creek limestone, Preston County, West
Virginia, Kanawha Group: Winifrede limestone, Raleigh County, ' West
Virginia.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 79I
Description. — Casts of fine, branching and anastomosing tubules similar to those upon which the species was based. The mat of tubules occupies the cavity formed by the leaching of thin shells whose affinities I am not able to ascertain. The tubules evidently were not raised upon the surface of the shell but were completely buried within the shell substance and communicated at their ends with the surface.
Occurrence, — Conemaugh Series, Ames Limestone, Barbour County, Locality 183 (c) ; Brush Creek Limestone, Barbour County, Locality i86 (c).
Vermes.
Chaetopoda.
Genus SERPULOPSIS Girty.
Scrpula insiia. White, 1878, Acad. Nat. Scl. Philadelphia, Proc., p. 37. Coal Measures: Newport, Vermillion County, Indiana.
Scrpula insita. White 1880, U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr. (Extract 12th Ann. Rept. for 1878), Contr. Inv. Pal., No. 8, p. 171, pi. xlli, fig 8a. Coal Measures: Newport, Vermillion County, Indiana.
Description. — On shells of Chonetes and MetacocercLS sanamonensis? very minute tubes are found which apparently differ from those illustrated by White and Girty in no way, nnless it be in size. Our tubes are extremely minute, being in diameter only one-half or one-fourth the size of those cited above. From Girty's statement* that his "specimens show considerable variation in point of size" it is supposed that there is no specific difference between his specimens and ours.
Occurrence. — Conemaugh Series, Brush Creek Limestone, Upshur County, Locality 184 (c).
♦U. S. Geol. Survey, 1915, BuU. 544, p. 41.
79 NOTES ON THE PALEONTOLOGY OF BARBOUR, UPSHUR, AND THE WESTERN PORTION OF RANDOLPH COUNTIES.
Molluscoidea.
Brachiopoda.
Genus LINGULA Bruguiere. Lingula kanawhensis Price.
Plate xliv; Figures 1, la.
Lingula kanawhensis. Price. 1914, West Virginia Geol. Survey, Kanawha County Rept., p. 647 (p. 9 of reprint), pi. I (of pt. Iv), figs. 5, 6. Kanawha Group: Queen Shoals, Kanawha County, West Virginia.
Description. — Shells smaller than the type specimens but having the typical subquadrate form and subtruncate anterior margin. The posterior margin slopes more abruptly away from the beak than in the case of the type specimens. This feature appears, from a study of available collections, to be variable.
Measurements: — Length, 13 mm.; breadth, 8 mm.
Occurrence. — Kanawha Group, Quakertown Shale, Randolph County, Locality 170 (c) ; Upshur County, Locality 181 (a).
Genus CHONETES Fischer de Waldheim.
Chonetes granulifer Owen.
Choneies granulifera. Owen, 1852, Geol. Surv. Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota, Rept., p. 583, pi. v. fig. 12. Carboniferous limestone: Near mouth of Keg Creek.
Description. — Small representatives of this species, all with less than 11 mm. length of hinge line. They grade by insensible states into C. verncnilanus which is more abundant than forms clearly lacking the median sinus and belonging to C. granulifer. Immature shells of sub-microscopic size belonging to these two species are as numerous in the collections
West Virginia Geological Survey. 793
as mature shells. It is seldom that it is possible to determine to which species they belong.
Occurrence. — Conemaugh Series, Ames Limestone. Barbour County, Locality 183 (a) ; Brush Creek Limestone, Upshur County, Localities 99 (a). 105 (aa), and 184 (aa).
Genus PRODUCTUS Sowerby.
Productus cora d'Orbigny.
Productus cora. Orbigny, 1842, Voyage dans rAmrique Mdrldionale, vol. iii, pt. iv. p. 55.
Carboniferous: Above Patapatoni, on an island in Lake Titicaca; Yarbichambi.
Description. — A single specimen of this well-known species shows a size unusually large for this region.
Length (exclusive of the produced front margin, which is l:icking), 50 mm.; width, 60 mm.; thickness of crushed shell, 30 mm.
Occurrence. — Conemaugh Series. Pine Creek Limestone, Upshur County, Locality loi ( ?) ; Brush Creek Limestone, Up'hur County, Locality 184.
Mollusca.
Pelecypoda.
Genus YOLDIA Moller. Yoldia glabra Beede and Rogers.
Yoldia glabra. Beede and Rogers, 1899, Kansas Univ. Quart., vol. vill, No. 3, p. 133, pi. 34, figs. 4a, b. Coal Measures: Camerons Bluff, near Liawrence, Kansas.
Description.-rA small shell followinor closely the description of this species given by Girty*. It was ovet"\looked shells referred to Leda meekanaf in a former
/
794 NOTES ON THE PALEONTOLOGY OF BARBOUR UPSHUR, AND THE WESTERN PORTION OF RANDOLPH COUNTIES.
Occurrence, — Conemaugh Series, Brush Creek Limestone, L'pshiir County, Locality 105.
Genus PARALLELODON Meek.
Macrodon obsoletus. Meek, 1871, 3rd Ann. Rept., Regents West Virginia Univ. for 1870. "b". p. 71, (p. 5 af reprint). Coal Measures: Just below "Mahoning" sandstone (Brush Creek limestone).
Macrodon obsoletus. Meek, 1875, Geol. Surv. Ohio, pal., vol. ii. p. 334, pi. zix, fig. 9. Coal Measures: Newark, Ohio.
Description. — Minute examples of the species measuring 2 mm., 4 mm. and S (plus) mm. in kngth.
Occurrence. — Conemaugh Series, Brush Creek Limestone, Upshur County. Locality 99 (c).
Figure 22. — Showing detail of surface of Naiadites elongata, enlarged approximately 250 diameters. From Quakertown Shale, Randolph County, Locality 170.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 795
Genus NAIADITES Dawson. Naiadites elongata Dawson.
Plate xliv; Figures 2-2d; Text figure 22, p. 794.
Naiadites elongaia. Dawson, 1860, Acadian Geology, Suppl , p. 43.
Goal Measures: Joggins, Nova Scotia. Naiadites (Anihracomya) elongata. Dawson. 1868, Acadian Geol., 2nd
ed., p. 204, text fig. 43.
Middle Coal Measures: Joggins and Sidney, Nova Scotia.
Description, — The oblique form, minute, anterior beaks, thin shell, fine, concentric growth lines and variable proportions characterize this species. It is most often found, in the area of this report, and in other areas in West Virginia, in fissile shales. Often large numbers of the valves are found in close association and in the fissile shales the shell is uniformly crushed, wrinkled and flattened. In this condition, especially when the surface markings are obscured, it bears much resemblance to similarly crushed and wrinkled lingulas with species of which it is sometimes associated.
An examination of the surface of the shell when well-preserved shows it to be divided into polygons of microscopic proportions arranged roughly in rows parallel to the grown lines or without linear arrangement. The polygons are four, five and six-sided, fitting together in the form of a mosaic. On the posterior portions of the shell they reach a size of approx imately 1-25 mm. diameter. Anteriorly they become gradually smaller until at the beaks they are scarcely to be distinguished when using a magnification of 60 diameters. The surface of each polygon appears, to be dotted with minute granules. In the center of many polygons is a raised pustule. The lines of growth cross these polygons without regard to their boundary lines ; the latter are very slightly depressed sutures which arvj the lines of junction of polygonal blocks of which the shell is entirely composed. The edges of these blocks, when separated from the shell, have a transversely fibrous appearance. Thickness of the blocks (and of the shell), about one-seventy fiith mm. Of the supposed fibrous structure and granular swtiac
7S NOTES ON THE PALEONTOLOGY OF BARBOUR, UPSHUR, AND THE WESTERN PORTION OF RANDOLPH COUNTIES.
I can not be positive. The other surface features described are distinct.
The habitat of shells referred to this species which havv come under my observation shows either adaptability to a wide range of conditions from fresh bog waters to shallow sea bottoms; or transportation in large numbers into marine water after the death of the animal without marked breakage of the delicate shells and without evidence of having been floated on plant remains; or a habitat in basins cut off from the sea by low bars along a coast where high storm waters or occasional Jiigh tides washed the shells of open-sea animals into the basin of fresh water. A fourth possibility is that more than one species is represented by the shells which have been referred to clongata. Althourh the proportions are variable, these variations are often to be found among shells lying adjacent to each other and no method of distinguishing separate species among the specimens collected has been found.
This species is usually associated with plant leaves, stems, and wood, fish scales and teeth, ostracoda, and tubes of Spirorhis pusillus, with, occasionally, indistinct remains of gastropoda and pelecypoda not referable to any of the known marine forms of the region. This would seem to constitute a fresh, or possibly h'-ackish water assemblage, though the plants showno evidences of transportation. It has been found associated with Lingiila kanawhcnsis with no other organism present; with Chancres granuifer alone; with Linula, Deltopecten and plant remains; with an abundant marine fauna consisting of common brachipoda, pelecypoda and other forms ; or in finegrained shales entirely alone. In some cases marine horizons when traced in certain directions lose' their typically marine fnccjls and Naiadites clongata appears as the only fossil present.
Occurrence. — Kanawha Group, Kanawha Black Flint. Lewis County, Locality 107 (aa) ; Ouaertown Shale, Randolph County, Localities 170 (a), t8o, Barbour County. Locality 182: Newlon Member, Randolph County, Locality 178 fa); New River Group, Hartridge Si'ale. Randolph County, Localities 173 (a), 174 (a), 175, 179 (c).
West Virginia Geological Survey. 797
Genus SCHIZODUS King. Schizodus cuneatus Meek?
Plate xliv. Figures 4, 4a.
Schizodus cuneatus. Meek, 1876, Geol. Surv. Ohio, vol. ii, Pal., p. 336, pi. XX, fig. 7.
LfOwer Coal Measures: Putnam Hill and Flint Ridge, Ohio.
Description, — Three fragmentary shells of the form which 1 have been referring to this species. When compared with Meek's drawing the beak is seen to be less high and the central and umbonal regions perhaps less markedly triangular in outline. If more perfect material were at hand the shells would probably be referred to some other species.
Occurrence. — Conemaugh Series, Brush Creek Limestone, Upshur and Barbour Coimties, Localities 184 (c), 185.
Plate xliv, Figure 5.
Cypricardia (?) Wheclcrl Swallow, 1863, St. Louis Acad. Sci., Trans, vol, ii, p. 96.
Upper Coal Measures: Caldwell County, Missouri. Schizodus Wheeleri, Meek, 1872, U. S. Geol. Survey of Nebraska. Final Rept., p. 209, pi. 10, figs. la-f.
Upper Coal Measures: Caldwell County, Missouri; Nebraska.
Description. — This is a very doubtful identification. The single specimen is badly crushed and the margin is broken away so that the outline can not be determined with certainty.
Occurrence, — Conemaueh Series, Brush Creek Limestone, Upshur County, Locality 105.
798 NOTES ON THE PALEONTOLOGY OF BAKBOUR, UPSHUR, AND THE WESTERN PORTION OF RANDOLPH COU'TIES.
Genus DELTOPECTEN Etheridge.
Plate xliv, Figure 3.
Aviculopecten Coxanus. Meek and Worthen, 1860, Acad. Nat. Scl., Philadelphia, Proc., p. 435.
Coal Measures: Adams County, Illinois. Aviculopecten Coxanus, Meek and Worthen, 1866. Illinois Geol. Survey, vol. ii, p. 326, pi. xzvl, figs. 6a, b.
Lower Coal Measures: Adams County, Illinois.
Description. — The cast of a left valve of this little species agrees in all particulars with Meek's description of his species and particularly with the description of his Nebraska specimen*, being somewhat oblique, but slightly smaller than his specimen. Other casts less perfect in preservation are also referred to this species.
Dimensions: Height, 6 mm.; length, 6 mm.; cardinal line, 6 mm. ; greatest width below cardinal line, 5 mm. ; number of costae, 25, of which 13 are distinctly inferior in size to the remainder.
The cast of the interior of the shell is smooth with a few faint radiating lines.
From three horizons of the Conemaugh of Preston County, the Ames, Pine Creek and Brush Creek limestones**, this species has been obtained. They were at first identified as iirirature examples of D. occidentaHs***, I am not able to satisfy myself, from the material at hand, that I can distinguish equal-sized individuals of the two species from each other. Because of the difference in size between the adults of the two species and because at many localities only the much smaller shells are to be found it is convenient to consider the two sizes as separate species. In Preston County the larger species is found associated with the smaller in both the Ames and Pine Creek limestonesf. The Preston County examples of D. coxanus show that the radiating ribs of the ex-
U. S. Geol. Surv., Nebraska, Final Rept., 1872, p. 196, pi. ix, flg. 2a, b.
Localities 7, 14 15. 16, 23, 27, 30 and 33. Virginia Geol. Survey, Rept. on Preston Co., 1914, p. R26.
tLocalities 14. 23 and 30.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 799
terior surface were sharply defined upon the interior of the shell as grooves.
Occurrence. — Coneitiaugh Series, Brush Creek Limestone, Upshur and Barbour Counties, Localities 105 and 186.
Genus EUCHONDRIA Meek.
Pecten neglectus. Geinitz, 1866, Carb. und Dyas In Nebraska, p. 33, pi. 11, flg. 17.
Nebraska City, Nebraska.
Description. — A poor cast resembling Geinitz's species but possibly having the hinge line equal to or a little greater than the greatest width of the shell below.
Occurrence. — Conemaugh Series, Ames Limestone, Barbour County, Locality 183; Brush Creek Limestone. Upshur County, Locality 99.
Scaphopoda.
Genus PLAGIOGLYPTA Pilsbury and Sharp. Plagiogljrpta meekiana (Geinitz)?
Dentalium Meekianum. Geinitz, 1866, Carb. und Dyas In Nebraska, p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 20.
Nebraska City, Nebraska.
Description, — A cast of a fragment of a small cylindrical cone 7 mm. in length resembles this species in those features which I have been able to decipher. The transverse striae number from 9 to 23 in the space of 1 mm., becoming extremely fine near the apex. Whether the striae are revolving or annular it is not possible to ascertain. Geinitz's illustration shows, in addition to the striae, which he terms growth lines
800 NOTES ON THE PALEONTOLOGY OF BARBOUR, UPSHUR, AND THE WESTERN PCTION OF RANDOLPH COL'NTIHS.
("Anwachsstreifen"), prominent lines of growth more deeply impressed than the striae. He does not mention the latter in his description and they are apparently absent upon my specimen. Since there is only the one specimen in my collection I am not able to determine whether the absence of these lines of growth should be made the basis of a separate species.
Upon opposite sides of the mold of the interior of the shell two fine, elevated, longitudinal carinse are seen which denote corresponding fissures in the interior of the shell. These fissures appear not to have passed entirely through the bhell and are not seen upon the cast of its exterior. They were probably developed by pressure, as they are continuous in that portion of the shell which shows a flattened, slightly elliptical cross-section. The smaller end has a circular crosssection and here there are no fissures. Similar fissuring has been previously reported in a shell which is probably the same species*.
Occurrence. — Conemaugh Series, Brush Creek Limestone Barbour County. Locality i86; Upshur County, Locality 99.
Gastropoda.
Genus BUCANOPSIS Ulrich. Bucanopsis meekiana (Swallow).
Bellcrophon Mcekianus. Swallow, 1858. St. Louis Acad. Scl , Trans., vol. i. p. 204. (Date of imprint, 1860).
Middle Coal Measures: Lexington, Missouri.
Bucanopsis meekiana, Girty, 1916, U. S. Geol Survey, Bull. 544, p. 169, pi. xz, figs. 4-6.
Wewoka formation: Wewoka and Coalgate quadrangles, Oklahoma.
Description. — A few frafjments of gastropod shells show unmistakably the sculpture of this little species. This is the species which. I have formerly known as B, perlata Conradf
West Virginia Geological Survey, 1916, Report on Raleigh and Western Por. Summers and Mercer Cos., p. 726.
tWest Virginia Geol. Survey, 1914, Rept. Preston Co., p. 534.
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 8oi
but Gurley's remarks about Conrad's specimen, quoted by Girty, with Girty's description of B. meckiana show the error of the former identification.
Occurrence, — Conemaugh Series, Brush Creek I.imestone, Upshur County, Localities 99 and 184 (c).
Gastropoda indeterminata.
Description. — Two fragments of a microscopic shell somewhat resembling in proportions shells of Aclisina. Three volutions of a microscopic, turreted, high-spired shell in a height of 1 J4 nim. ; diameter of whorls, about J4 mm. ; whorls rounded, cylindrical; suture deep; surface apparently smooth, the shell worn through, exposing the shell-filling. This tiny shell is embedded in the shell-filUng of Metacoceras sangamonensis.
Occurrence. — Conemaugh Series, Brush Creek Limestone, Upshur County, Locality 184.
Cephalopoda.
Genus METACOCERAS Hayatt. Metacoceras sangamonensis (Meek and Worthen) ?
Plate xliv. Figure 6.
Nautilus (Discus) Sangamonensis. Meek and Worthen, 1860, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, p. 470
Coal Measures: Sangamon County, Illinois. Nautilus sangamonensis. Meek and Worthen, 1866, Geo. Surv. 111., vol. ii, p. 386, pi. 29, figs. 3a, b.
Upper Coal Measures: Sangamon County, Illinois.
Description. — This is a crushed fragment of a volution of a discoidal shell and I am unable to determine the generic relationship with certainty. The umbilical shoulders are well developed and the shell seems to contract from them to the ventro-lateral shoulders. The height and width are subequal. The sides of the volutions are distinctly concave on
802 NOTES ON THE PALEONTOLOGY OF BARBOUR, UPSHUR, AND THE WESTERN PORTION OF RANDOLPH COUNTIES.
the earlier portion of the whorl, but crushing has obscured the contour of the more enlarged portions. The umbilical shoulders have an abrupt angulation of 90 degrees. If the cross-section has been correctly inferred this shell is a Metacoceras and seems to agree in all distinguishable features with M. sangamonensis. The surface sculpture is well exhibited on the venter, where it consists of fine striae, following the lines o( growth. The striae are all of the same order of magnitude, but vary slightly in strength of impression, groups of finer lines alternating somewhat irregularly with coarser striae, giving the surface an undulating appearance on a minute scale. On the umbilical angulation the striae are more regular, with raised lirae between them. Over the lateral surfaces is spread a thin structureless coating, similar to that found upon M. sculptile as described by Girty*. On the venter the striae form a deep sinus and, upon all parts of the shell where their courses may be determined, they are arranged like those of M, sculptile.
Measurements : Half-width of venter near wider end, 1 5 mm. ; hence : calculated width of venter, 30 mm. ; height at this point, 25 mm. ; umbilicus, 25 mm. in diameter.
On the venter, where the surface of the shell is exposed beneath the thin superficial coating, it is finely dotted with minute, circular pits arranged in lines, usually sunken in the lirae, but sometimes not coinciding with them in direction. When excavated in the crests of the lirae, the pits appear to connect by domed subways beneath the shell under the arched lirae. The origin of these pits is not understood. Eight of the pits were counted in a line 2 mm. long. The pits are about 1/6 mm. in diameter. Upon the surface of the shell and partly sunken in it is a short length of a single tube of Serpulopsis insita. In the shale filling the interior is a tiny coiled gastropod shell of undetermined affinities.
Occurrence. — Conemaugh Series, Brush Creek Limestone, Upshur County, Locality 184 (c).
♦U. S. Geol. Survey, BuU No. 544. 1915, p. 246.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 803
Incertae sedis.
Description. — A minute, circular coil, about J mm. in diameter, consisting of three distinct volutions which merge inward, the suture lines becoming indistinct, so that the central portion appears as a smooth, calcareous disc, white in color. Shell apparently very thin. It has somewhat the appearance of being a coiled tube, the mouth of which is partly buried in the matrix, but the structure which resembles a mouth may be a down-folding due to crushing and the test may be merely a paper-thin sheet. The latter interpretation appears to be the true one. Whether it is the upper portion of a thin shell or an exfoliation from a shell is uncertain.
Occurrence. -r-onemgiugh Series, Brush Creek Limestone, Upshur County, Locality 184.
804 NOTES ON THE PALEONTOLOGY OF BARBOUR, UPSHUR, AND THE WESTERN PORTION OF RANDOLPH COUNTiF.S.
Description Of Plate.
Plate Xliv.
Figs. 1, la. Lingula kanawhensis Price x 1 793
1. Natural mold of interior with portions of the test adhering.
la. Natural mold of exterior of the same shell with portions of the test adhering; Quakertown Shale, Upshur County, Locality 181.
Figs. 2 to 2d. Naiadites elongata Dawson : . . x 1 795
Flattened and distorted valves showing common condition of preservation.
2. Quakertown Shale, Randolph County, Locality 170.
2a and 2b. Roof shale of Upper Mercer coal, Lewis County,
Locality 107. 2c. Immature individual, Hartridge Shale, Randolph County,
Locality 173. 2d. A mold of a coiled tube of Spirorhis pusillus iii the shell
of Naiadites elongata* Roof Shale of Upper Mercer coal,
Lewis County, Locality 107.
From an artificial cast of a mold of the exterior of a left
valve.
Brush Creek Limestone, Barbour County, Locality 186.
Figs. 4, 4a. Schisodus cuncatus Meek? x 1 797
4. A left valve with a portion of the shell broken away exposing the cast in the matrix; surface worn.
4a. A right valve, surface partly concealed by a thin coating of a dark material. Brush Creek Limestone, Upshur County, Locality 184.
Fig. 5. Schisodus wheeleri Swallow ? x 1 797
A left valve, crushed and having a portion of the basal region of the shell missing. Brush Creek Limestone, Upshur County, Locality 105.
Fig. 6. Metacoceras sangatnoncnsis (Meek and Wor-
A portion of a coil, with nodes somewhat damaged and sculpture hidden by a thin coating of a dark material. In the matrix exposed on the ventro-lateral shoulder where a portion of the shell and one node have been broken away is a minute gastropod shell scarcely visible upon the reproduction. {Gastropoda indeterminata, P. 801.) Brush Creek Limestone, Upshur County, Locality 184.
West Virginia Geoloqical Survey Plate Xliv
Ta 2b
. Price nd J. Graolham. dch.
Conemaugh And Pottsville Fossils.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Index To Fossils.
(Names In italic are synonyms; figures in black face type are num. bars of pages on which detailed descriptions appear; figures in italic denote descriptions of illustrations).
Aclisina 801
Astartella conccntrica 784, 788
Aviculopecten Coxanus 798
B
Bellerophon Meekianus 800
Bucanopsis xneeklana
perlata 8O0
BuUmorpha nitidula ? 784, 788
Chonetes 791
granulifer 782, 784, 787,798, 796
granulifera "'2
verncuilanus ;..784, 787. 798
Clionolithes canna 782, 784, 787. 790
Composita subtilita 788, 787
Deltopecten coxanus. . .784, 788, 798, 804
occidenttflis 782, 788, 798
Dentalium Meekianum 799
Derby a crassa 780, 782, 788, 786, 787
robusta 780, 786, 787
Edmondia "82
reflexa 784. 787
Edmondia fp 783, 781, 7S7
sp. cf. conccntrica 784, 785. 787
Enchostoma elkensis 784, 785, 787
Eucbondria neglecta ?
782, 784, 786. 788, 799 Euphemus carbonarius 782, 788
Gastropoda indeterminata
Incertae sedis 788,
Leda meekana 703
Lcda mcekiana 782, 784, 787
Lingula kanawhcnsis
Lima rctif era 784, 788
M
Metacoceras sangamonensis
N
Naiadites elongata
Nautilus sangamonensis 801
Nucula parva 782, 784, 787
Orbiculoidea convexa 780, 786, 787
Ostracodar 786, 788
Parallelodon 784, 788,794
Patellostium montfortianum 784, 788
Pecten neglectus 799
Pelecypoda irtdeterminata 788
Phanerotrema grayvillense . . 782, 784, 788 Pharkidonotus percarinatus . 782, 784, 788
Pisces 788
Plagioglypta meiana ?...784, 788, 799
Plantae 785, 788
Productus coral 788. 784, 787, 798
sp 782, 787
Prothyris elegans 784, 786, 787
Pseudorthoceras knoxense 784. 788
Pustula symmetrica 784, 787
Rhombopora lepidodendroides ?..784, 787
Schizodus cuneatus ?
wheeleri ? 784, 788, 797, 804
Wheeleri 797
Serpula insita 791
Serpulopsis insita.. 784. 785, 787. 791, 802 Solenomya ? anodontoides. . .788, 784, 787
Sonemonya radiata 784, 787
Spirorbis pusillus. .781, 785, 787, 796, 804
Yoldia glarbra 784, 785, 788. 793
Appendix.
Levels Above Mean Tide.
Railroad Levels.
(As furnished by Chief Engineers of the various railroads, and published in Bulletin 2 of the West Virginia Geological Survey in 1911).
Pickens Branch of Baltimore & Ohio Railroad
Di8tance|
from I
Macpe- I
lali Jet. I
Stations.
County
IMacpelah Junction.
|Lorentz
Buckhannon
Hampton
Sago
Tenmile
|Alton ;
|Anrondale Junction,
IPickens
Lewis . . , Upshur . Upshur .. Upshur ., Upshur ., Upshur .. Upshur . Upshur . . Upshur .. Upshur .. Randolph Randolph Randolph
Grafton & Belington Branch of Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.
Distance!
from Grafton.
Stations.
County
Elevation
Sandy
Lush
Cove Run
Moatsvilie
Arden
Felton
Berrybnrg Junction,
Meriden
Philippi
Linian
JTygart Junction —
jO'Brien
Clements
Belington
Taylor .
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Berryburg Branch of Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.
Distance! from Berryburg Jet.
Stations.
Elevation
Barbour Barbour Barbour Barbour
Point Pleasant, Buckhannon & Tygart Valley Branch of
Baltimore & Ohio R. R.
Distance from I Tygart Junction.
Stations.
County
Blevation
Tygart Junction. .
Malte
, Century Junction
IHall
Pecks Run
Smith Summit
Post Mill
Buckhannon
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Barbour
Upshur
Upshur
Upshur
Upshur
Bumersville Branch of Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.
Distance!
from
Century
Junction.
Stations.
County
Elevation
Century Junction
IVolga
Century
Barbour I 1377.3
Barbour Barbour
Coal and Coke Railway.
Distance
from Charleston.
Stations.
Charleston
Crawford
Frenchton Tunnel No. 9
Frenchton
IPhillips Tunnel No. 8..
I Abbott Tunnel No. 7
Adrian
Sago Tunnel No. 6
Sago
Nixon
Strader ,
iReed Tunnel No. 5
IGoodwin
Kanawha
Lewis
Upshur
Upshur
Upshur
Upshur
Upshur
Upshur
Upshur
Upshur
Upshur
Upshur
Upshur
Unshur
Upshur
UTphur
8o8
Appendix — Levels.
IMidvale
Lantz
Orr
Orr Tunnel No. 2
IKingsville Tunnel No. 1
Loop
Lelter
Roaring Creek Junction .
Coalton
Belington
Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Randolph
Barbour .
Randolph
B. tB.
M. on southeast corner of Company store.
M. on top stop of Western Maryland Railway office building.
Main Line, Western Maryland Railway.
DlBtancej from Baltimore.
Stations
County
Elkins
Elkins Junction
Buxton
Roaring Creek Junction
Harding
Liaurel
Junior
Dartmoor
Belington
Baltin?ore Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph Barbour . Barbour . Barbour . Barbour .
Weaver Branch, Western Maryland Railway.
Distance! from Baltimore.
Stations.
County
Barbour ' 1706
Alexander and Eastern Railroad.
Distance!
from I Alexan- I
der.
Stations.
County
Elevation
17
jPalace Valley
ICainp Creek
IStar
JBeech Run
Upshur . .
Upshur . .
Randolph
Randolph
Randolpli
Randolph
Randolph
l"Y" .,
West Virginia Geological Survey. 809
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEYf LEVELS.
Belington Quadrangle.
From Moore Station along Western Maryland R. R. to Kerens (spur
Feet. Montrose, 0.2 mile northeast of station in second step from top of coping-tone of northeast wing-wall of railroad
bridge; bronze tablet stamped "1997 Adj 1903" 1,996.424
Kerens, 350 feet south of station; top of rail 1,945.8
Kerens, 350 feet south of station, in southwest bridge seat
of iron bridge; bronze tablet stamped "1944 Adj 1903". . .1,943.618
From Montrose west along public road.
Montrose, 1.5 miles east of, in foundation stone of east end of Mathias Skidmore's residence; aluminum tablet stamped "2049 Adj 1903" 2,048.840
From Hannahsville west along public roads via Valley Furnace to
Arden, thence southwest to Phllippl.
Valley Furnace, 5.5 miles northeast of, near head of Licking Creek, south side of road near crossing, in large rock; bronze tablet stamped "2398 Adj 1903" 2,397.060
Valley Furnace, 0.7 mile west of, on side of road, in large
rock; bronze tablet stamped "1462 Adj 1903" 1,461.146
Nestorvllle, 1 mile northeast of, on Teter Creek, on farm owned by A. J. Bigman, in large rock on north side of road; bronze tablet stamped "1328 Adj 1903" 1,327.211
Moatsvllle (Nlcklow Post-Office), southwest abutment of Baltimore & Ohio R. R. bridge over mouth of Teter Creek; bronze Ublet stamped "1167 Adj 1903" 1,166.280
Arden, 75 yards southwest of, near railroad, in large rock;
bronze tablet stomped "1275 Adj 1903" 1.274.297
From Valley Furnace along public roads to Sinclair.
Kasson, post-office (Danville), 1.5 miles east of, at forks of road, east side of road, in large rock; aluminum tablet stamped "1634 Adj 1903" 1,633.623
Colebank, 0.1 mile south of, between church and planing mill, east side of road, in large rock; bronze tablet stamped "1468 Adj 1903" 1,467.789
From Nestorvllle south along public roads to Bellngton.
Nestorvllle, southwest corner of north abutment of iron bridge over Teter Creek; bronze tablet stamped "1372 Adj. 1903" 1,371.606
Kalamazoo, 0.5 mile north of, on east side of road, in top of outcrop of rock; bronze tablet stamped "1598 Adj 1903" 1,597.408
Meadowvllle, southwest corner of cut sandstone foundation of residence of J. D. Holesberry; aluminum tablet stamped "1569 Adj 1903" 1,568.761
tFrom Bulletin 632, U. S. Geological Survey; 1916.
8lO APPENDIX — LEVELS.
Feet Flora, .0.3 mile south of, on west side of road, opposite Mr. Goodwin's residence, in large rock; bronze tablet stamped
"1686 Adj. 1903" 1,584.614
Bellngton, in base rock of cut-stone foundation of Citizens
National Bank; aluminum tablet stamped "1698 Adj 1903*M,698.071
Crawford Quadrangle.
From Brownsville south along Baltimore & Ohio R. R. to Arnold.
Rohrbough, in front of station; top of rail 1,036.2
Roanoke, 0.4 mile north of, on southeast comer of north abutment of iron bridge over Canoe Run; chiseled square 1,047.95
Roanoke, 1.8 miles southwest of, 0.6 mile northeast of Arnold, in southwest corner of southwest pier of railroad bridge No. 38B over Monongahela,- (West Fork) River; bronze tablet stamped "1,068 Grafton*' 1,057.670
From Sago west along Coal & Coke R. R. to Jacksonville, thence along highway to Arnold Station (Baltimore A Ohio R. R.)
Sago, 1.7 miles west of, 10 feet south of track, on large boulder;
chiseled square, marked "1442" 1.441.31
Adrian, in front of station; top of clearance-post, marked
"1426'' 1,426.09
Adrian, 0.5 mile west of, 150 feet west of crossing, 100 feet north of wagon road, 6 feet north of track, in rock ledge; bronze tablet stamped "1432" 1,431.280
Adrian, 2.3 miles west of, 30 feet north of track, in cut;
chiseled square on large boulder; marked "1481" 1,480.61
Abbott, in front of station; top of rail 1,493.70
Abbott, 0.3 mile west of, south side of entrance to tunnel, in
brick wall; bronze tablet stamped "1523" 1,522.678
Abbott, 1.6 miles west of, on south end of west abutment of railroad bridge; chiseled square, marked "1472" 1,471.76
Abbott, 3.5 miles west of, 10 feet north of track, on east end
of iron drain-pipe, marked '1515" 1,514.16
Frenchton, 50 feet west of station in south end of east abutment of railroad bridge; bronze tablet stamped "1495" 1,494.623
Frenchton, 1.1 miles west of, 5 feet south of track, chiseled
square on rock ledge, marked "1411" 1,410.61
Frenchton, 2.1 miles west of, 5 feet south of railroad track,
chiseled square on rock ledge, marked "1327" 1,326.56
Frenchton, 3 miles west of, 30 feet north of track, on west side of hollow, in large boulder; bronze tablet stamped "1241" 1,240.292
Crawford, in front of station; top of rail 1,103.
Crawford, 0.5 mile west of, 5 feet north of railroad, chiseled
square on large boulder, marked "1090" 1,089.87
Walkerville, 60 feet west of station, in south end of east abutment of railroad bridge; bronze tablet stamped -1088" - .1,087.078
Walkerville, 1.1 miles west of, 6 feet south of track, 500 feet east of wagon bridge; chiseled square on large boulder, marked "1081" 1,080.46
Walkerville, 2.2 miles west of, on north end of east bridge
seat of railroad bridge; chiseled square, marked "1074". .1,073.74
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 8ll
Feet Jacksonville, 0.2 mile north of, 6 feet east of wagon road,
in rock ledge, bronze tablet stamped "1140" 1,139.094
Jacksonville, 1.4 miles north of, in east edge of road; chiseled
square in large boulder, marked "1264" 1,263.69
Arnold, in front of station; top of sill 1.102.1
From Walkerville along highway south to Duffy, thence east to
Walkerville, 1.6 miles south of, 10 feet east of railroad track;
nail in root of maple tree, marked "1091" 1,090.83
Walkerville, 2.7 miles south of, in northwest edge of wagon road, 150 feet southwest of road crossing; chiseled square on rock boulder, marked "1107" 1,106.47
Walkerville, 3.8 miles south of, 20 feet northwest of track, 300 feet northwest of house, in rock cliff; bronze tablet stamped "1134" 1,132.880
Ireland, 0.7 mile south of, 10 feet east of railroad, 15 feet northeast of road crossing; chiseled square on boulder, marked "1242" 1,241.77
Duffy, 250 feet northeast of church and schoolhouse, 60 feet north of road at forks south, in boulder in field; bronze tablet stamped "1208" 1,207.399
Duffy, 1 mile south of, 10 feet south of stream crossing, on large boulder 4 feet east of road; chiseled square, marked "1065" 1,064.58
Duffy, 2.1 miles south of, at Bablin, in west side of concrete bridge over Glady Fork at mouth; bronze tablet stamped "998" 997.130
Duffy, 3.1 miles southeast of, 2 feet north of road; chiseled
square on rock ledge, marked "1090" 1,089.12
IngOy at forks of road, 10 feet east of store; chiseled square
on large boulder; marked "1038" 1,037.28
Ingo, 1 mile east of, at road forks, 2 feet south of; chiseled
square on boulder, marked "1168" 1,166.88
Ingo, 2.3 miles east of, 3 feet north of road, in large boulder;
bronze tablet stamped "1126" 1,125.492
Ingo, 3.5 miles east of, 3 feet south of road, on large boulder;
chiseled square marked "1509" 1,508.00
Ingo, 3.9 miles east of, at road forks, 6 feet north of; chiseled
square on boulder, marked "1644" 1,643.62
Kanawha Head, 800 feet northeast of, 20 feet northeast of road
forks; chiseled square on large boulder, marked "1705" 1,704.30
Kanawha Head, 1 mile east of, 30 feet north of road, 50 feet southwest of house, in large boulder; bronze tablet stamped "1853" 1,851.840
Kanawha Head, 1.9 miles east of, 30 feet east of road; chiseled
square on boulder marked "1714" 1,713.19
Kanawha Head, 3.5 miles east of, at road forks, 3 feet south of;
chiseled square on boulder marked "1785" 1,784.39
Kanawha Head, 4.6 miles east of, in triangle at road forks, in
large boulder; bronze tablet stamped "2125" 2,124.243
Kanawha Head, 6 miles east of, 30 feet west of stream crossing, 3 feet south of road; chiseled square on boulder marked "2214" 2,213.33
Kanawha Head, 7.4 miles east of, at north side of road, in rock
ledge; bronze tablet stamped "2350" 2,349.384
Feet. Selbyville, in west end of north abutment of railroad bridge
No. 64A; bronze tablet stamped "1888*' 1.887.493
Chemical Station, spike in telegraph-pole, marked "1875*' 1.874.70
Elkin8 Quadrangle.
From Gllman Station south along Western Maryland R. R. to Elkina, thence west to Roaring Creek Junction, thence north to Bellngton.
GHman, railroad crossing at station; top of rail 1.926.0
Gllman, 1.800 feet north of station, near sawmill, southeast bridge seat of iron bridge; bronze tablet stamped "Adj
Read, in front of station; top of rail 1.918.0
Elkins, at west entrance of main building of Western Maryland Railroad, in stone step; bronze tablet stamped "1930 Adj
Buxton, crossing at station; top of rail 1.924.2
Elklna, 3.5 miles northwest of. in 2-inch step of southeast wingwall of iron bridge over Tygart Valley River; aluminum
tablet stamped "1914 Adj 1903" 1.913.665
Roaring Creek Junction, road crossing; top of rail 1.864.
Roaring Creek Junction in northeast bridge seat of Coal and Coke Railroad bridge over Tygart Valley River; aluminum
tablet stamped "1865 Adj 1903" 1,864.247
Harding, in front of station; top of rail 1,847.4
Junior Station, 1 mile south of, small stream at Weaver pumping station, iron-girder bridge, on 2-inch step of northwest abutment; aluminum tablet stamped "1738 Adj 1903". 1.737.193 Dartmoor, in front of station ; top of rail 1,714.2
From Elkins south along highway to Beverly and return.
Elkins, 3 miles south of. Midland Schoolbouse. in west front face of foundation, 1 foot from ground and 1 foot from southeast corner of building; aluminum tablet stamped "2003" 2.002.592
Beverly, in front face, north end of door-step of public school;
aluminum tablet stv'.mped "1973" 1.972.593
From Beverly south along highways to Valley Qend, thence west to Rich IMountain, thence north along trail and highways to
Roaring Creek Junction.
Beverly, 2.5 miles south of. in top face of north side of east abutment of iron highway bridge over Tygart Valley River; aluminum tablet stamped "1960" 1.959.567
Valley Bend, Crawford Schoolhouse. in rear of building, in face of foundation stone 3 feet west of northeast corner of building; aluminum tablet stamped "2042" 2.042.097
Ping ley's house. 0.5 mile west of. west side of Rich Mountain, in stone at south side of road; aluminum tablet stamped "3261" 3.260.939
Fisher or Mable, 2 miles south of. 150 feet north of road fork, 40 feet west of road, in top face of very large boulder; aluminum tablet stamped "2568" 2.568.126
Coalton, in south front face of foundation corner-stone in southeast corner of Junior Mercantile Co.'s store; aluminum tablet stamped "2157" 2.157.023
West Virginia Geological Survey. 815
Fairmont Quadrangle.
Feet Grafton, Baltimore & Ohio R. R. bridge across Tygart Valley
River, at north end of central pier, on coping-stone;
chisel mark (Coast and Geodetic Survey bench mark ''M") 996.304
Grafton, in front of station; top of rail on main line 1,000.0
Webtter, Baltimore & Ohio R.R. bridge 2 over Berkeley Run,
in northeast face of third stone from top of south abutment wall; bronze tablet stamped "1014 Grafton" 1,013.230
Webster, southwest of, 5.5 miles from Grafton, trestle 2V&, on
Rosemont, road crossing near station; top of rail 1,003.
Grafton, about 2 miles east of, on corner-stone of abutment
of small bridge; chiseled square (B. & O. and C. & G. S.
(1903 adjusted value 1,024.024.)
HACKER VALLEY QUADRANGLE. From Bablin south along highway to Wheeler.
Bablin, 1 mile south of, at Junction of Little Kanawha River and Wildcat Creek, in west side of north end of wire footbridge; copper nail "972.6" 972.33
Wildcat Post-office, 400 feet east of, in rock north side of
road; chiseled square, painted "950.2" 949.84
Sols Post-office, at south of ford of Right Fork of Little
Kanawha River, in boulder; bronze tablet stamped "1079'M,079.147
Sols PostrOffice, 1.6 miles south of, in gap at head of Williams Camp Run, in root of oak, south side of road ; copper nail, painted "1611.5" 1,611.31
Sola Post-office, 2 miles south of, east margin of road in rock;
chiseled square painted "1513.9" 1,513.65
Wheeler Post-office, 1 mile north of, at run crossing, east margin of road, at junction with Back Fork road, in ledge; bronze tablet stamped "1438" 1,437.317
Wheeler Roat-office, 0.3 mile south of, in rock east margin of
road; chiseled square, painted "1474.1" 1,473.83
From point near Newlon south along Baltimore & Ohio R. R. to
point near SHIca.
Newlon, 1.5 miles south of, at sixty-seventh mile-post, at north side of third joint north of; top of east rail, painted "2001.8" 2,001.5
Craddock, 0.1 mile north of, in east corner of south abutment
of railroad bridge 67A; bronze tablet stamped "2040" 2,039,911
Arvondale Junction, on railroad bridge 70A; top of southernmost bolt in east guard-rail, painted "2238.4" 2,238.31
Arvondale Junction, 1 mile south of, 14 rails south of seventyfirst mile-post, at north side of Joint; top of east rail, painted "2315.3" 2,316.0
8l4 APPENDIX — LEVELS.
From Hacker Valley east along Pickens d. Hacker Valley R. R. to
Pickens, Baltimore d. Ohio R. R. (There Is an error of 1 foot
Feet Hacker Valley, in southeast corner-stone of residence of S. J.
Cutlip; bronze tablet stamped "1501" 1.500.848
Siding. 1 mile east of Hacker Valley, 250 feet east of switch.
top of south rail on east edge of Joint, painted "1616.9". .*1.616.7 Hacker Valley, 3.2 miles east of. in rock north margin of
track; bronze tablet stamped "1827" *1.826.406
Hacker Valley, 6.5 miles east of. in rock north margin of
track; bronze tablet stamped "2429" *2.429.203
Philippi Quadrangle.
From Bridgeport via Berryburg, Switzer, and Pleasant Creek to
Webster.
Berryburg, Southern Coal & Transportation Company's (Consolidation Coal Company's) tipple, west of tipple and in front of power-house, in fourth stone from top of retaining wall; bronze tablet stamped "1390 Grafton" 1,389.060
Switzer, 1.1 miles northeast of. east side of pike, on southeast comer of stone gate step of residence of B. H. Woodlord ; chiseled square 1.447.25
Pleasant Creek, brick residence of A. I. Cole, west comer of stone foundation, fifth stone from top and fourth from ground. 1.45 feet frcdn corner; bronze tablet stamped "1170 Grafton" 1,169.644
From Switzer south via PhlilppI to Pecks Run.
Switzer, 4 miles south of. covered bridge over Tygart Valley River, in northwest corner of top stone of east abutment wall; chiseled square 1.307.61
PhlilppI, at north side of front entrance to brick schoolhouse in center north face of foundation stone; bronze tablet stamped "1311 Grafton" 1.310.265
Buckhannon (Tygart) Junction, plate-girder bridge 1. over Tygart Valley River, in north side of west abutment, in center of east face of first stone above bridge bed; bronze tablet stamped "1334 Grafton" 1.333.120
Volga, (3.2 miles southwest of Malta), in north abutment' of Baltimore & Ohio R. R. bridge over Wash Run. in east face in center of third stone from top; bronze tablet stamped "1404 Grafton" 1.403.439
Volga, 2.5 miles southwest of. on northwest comer of north abutment of bridge over Pecks Run. in second stone from top; chiseled square 1,405.04
pecks Run (Hodgevllle), in northwest comer of south abutment of bridge over Pecks Run. on west side of second stone from comer; chiseled square 1.418.85
From Pecks Run via Peeltree and Overflefd to Pepper.
Peeltree, retaining wall in front of residence of Dr. Isaac Smith, at opening for steps, west face of south wall, in center of third stone above third step from sidewalk; bronze tablet stamped "1069 Grafton" 1.068.389
Or 1 foot higher.
Pceltree, 2.9 miles north of, in front of Denver Pecken's dwelling, in third step from bottom of stone stile; chiseled square 1 093.26
Peeltree, 4.4 miles north of, on southeast corner of north
abutment of iron bridge over Elk Creek; chiseled square. 1,022 70
Overfleld, 3.1 miles northeast of. in front of Cletus Stout's dwelling, east of stone stile, on north end of bottom step; chiseled square 1,102.71
From Pecks Run south of Buckhannon, thence northwest to
Ruraldale.
Ruraldale, 0.6 mile west of, near fork of road by old mill, 200 feet east olf residence of V. H. Reger, in face of large rock; bronze tablet stamped "1121 Grafton 1901". . .1,121.768
PiCKENS QUADRANGLE.
From West Huttonsville southwest along highway to Star, thence northwest along lumber railroad to Palace Valley.
West Huttonsville, 50 feet south of post-office, west edge of road, in front of U M. Zickefoose's residence, in boulder; bronze tablet stamped "2322 B 7 1912" 2.321.237
West Huttonsville, 0.8 mile southwest of, north edge of road;
chisel point on boulder, chiseled "2617 U. S." 2,616.94
West Huttonsville, 2 miles southwest of, 50 feet west of Left ' Fork of Middle Fork; spike in base of 12-inch maple tree, scribed "2473 U. S." 2,472 26
Summit of mountain, 1.4 miles east of, north edge of road; copper nail in base of 30-inch linden tree, scribed aluminum tag stamped "2824 U. S." 2,823.76
Summit of mountain, 0.2 mile east of, south side of road, in top of large boulder; bronze tablet stamped "3220 B 8 1912" 3,219.231
Summit of mountain, west of road; chisel point on boulder,
chiseled "3280 U. S." 3,279.79
Star, 2.1 miles west of, north of road, opposite first house from railroad, chisel point on boulder, chiseled "301b U. S." 3,016.04
Star, 80 feet south of West Huttonsville road crossing. 10 feet west of track, in very large rock; bronze tablet stamped "2308 B 9 1912" 2,307.783
Palace Valley, 1.7 miles southeast of, 500 feet west of switch, south edge of track; chisel point on boulder, chiseled '2205 U. S." 2,204.90
ttt
From Hacker Valley east along Pickens & Hacker Valley R. R. to
Pickens, portion of line. (There Is an error of 1 foot to be
located In this line. See Hacker Valley Quadrangle
Pickens, 3.5 miles west of, 500 feet west of railroad and road crossing in gap, in rock south of margin of track; bronze tablet stamped "2883" 2,883.095
Or 1 foot higher.
From Selbyville south along Baltimore & Ohio R. R. to point near
Newlon.
Feet. Newlon, 0.6 mile soutli of, at Bixty-Bixth mile-post, at north side of third Joint south of; top of east rail, painted "1929.6" 1,929.4
From Silica southeast along Baltimore & Ohio R. R. to Pickens.
Silica, 2,300 feet south of, in west comer of north abutment of railroad bridge 72A, at seventy-second mile-post; bronze tablet stamped "2385" 2,384.704
Pickens, 2 miles north of, at sevty-third mile-post, at south
side of joint opposite; top of east rail, painted "2500" 2,499.7
Pickens. 1 mile north of, at t:venty-fourth mile-post, at south side of first joint north of; top of west rail, painted "2615.7" 2,615.7
Pickens, in top stone in northwest comer of retaining wall at the residence of Mr. Wasmer; bronze tablet stamped "2701" 2,700.919
Pickens, 0.5 mile south of, on road to Florence, in rock wst
margin of highway; chiseled square, painted "2802.3". . .2,802.346
From point near Samp east along highway to IMontervilie, thence
north and west to Pickens.
Samp Post-office, 3.5 miles west of, in Big Run, in ledge
north side of road; bronze tablet stamped "2022" 2,021.327
Samp . Post-office, 1.2 miles west of, south edge of road, in
rock; raised chiseled square, painted "2178.6" 2,178.23
Samp Post-office, 0.5 mile east of, 350 feet below Whittakers Falls, in ledge north side of road; bronze tablet stamped. "2164" .2,163.708
Samp Post-office, 1.8 miles east of, up Elk River road, in rock south margin of road; raised chiseled square, painted "2271.2" 2,270.82
Store, junction of Valley and Dry Forks, 0.3 miie west of, down EHk River road, in rock north margin of road; chiseled square, painted "2270.2" 2,269.72
Blue Spring, 2.1 miles west of, at fork of road, at junction of Valley and Dry Forks, in rock north edge of road; bronze tablet stamped "2299" 2,298.369
Blue Spring Post-office, 1.1 miles west of, in rock north margin
of road, chiseled square, painted "2525.5" 2,525.10
Monterviiie Post-office, 0.3 mile west of, down Valley Fork road % mile west of summit, in rock in north margin of road ; bronze tablet stamped "2949" 2,948.457
Monterviiie Post office, in foundation post at southeast comer
of old store, at road corner; copper nail, painted "2998.3". 2,997.94
Monterviiie Post-office, 1.3 miles northwest of, along pike, at road corner to Logan's farm, in bed rock northwest corner; chiseled square, painted "3234.5" 3,234.12
Monterviiie Post-office, 2 miles northwest of, along Pickens road, 0 3 mile north of pike corner, west margin of road, in boulder; bronze tablet stamped "3237" 3,237.067
Monterviiie Post-office, 3.3 miles northwest of, along Pickens road, in rock west margin of road; chiseled square painted "3703.9" 3,703.56
West Virginia Glological Survey. 817
Feet
Monterville Posfflce, 5.S miles northwest of. along Pickens road, in rock in east margin of road; chlseM square painted 8722.3" 3.722.00
Monterville Pitffice, 7 miles north of, along Pickens road, under Whitman Knob, in rock east margin of road; bronze tablet stamped "3735" 3,734.868
Pickens, 6.2 miles southeast of, along road to MontervHIe, in rock south margin of road; chiseled square painted "3666.6" 3,666.28
Pickens, 6.3 milea southeast of, along road to Monterville, in ledge south edge of road, 600 yards southeast of Zehnder's farm; bronze tablet stamped "3776" 3,774.348
Pickens, 4.2 miles southeast of, along Monterville load, at bend in road in front of farm of L. Wuchner, north edge of road, in rock; chiseled square, painted "3621.1". . .3,620.77
Pickens, 2.6 miles southeast of, along Monterville road, under Turkeybone triangulatlon station in rock east edge of road; at root of tree; bronze tablet stamped "3682" 3,581.356
Pickens, 1.1 miles southeast of, along Monterville road, 0.7 mile south of fork, in rock east of margin of road; chiseled square, painted "3026.9" 3,026.37
From Montervllie northeast along Valley R. R. to Lee Bell.
Brady Gate, (1.4 miles south of Monterville), 1.6 miles east of, along Elkwater road, in root of large white oak, north side of road; copper nail painted "2627.6" 2,627.19
Elkwater Ctktnp No. 4, 70 feet in front of mess house, in rock between highway and railroad track; bronze tablet painted "2396" .2394.079
Elkwater Camp No. 4, 1.1 miles east of, 300 feet east of house, at east side of road crossing; on north rail, painted "2290.4" 2,289.9
Spangler Station, 0.6 mile north of, at Elkwater switch, in
ledge east side of track; bronze tablet stamped "2171". . .2,170.846
Ninth mile-post, at north endof third Joint north of post;
top of west rail, painted "2137.8" 2,137.3
Lee Bell School house, in face of foundation stone at northeast
comer; bronze tablet stamped "2066" 2,066.746
SAGO QUADRANGLE. From Buckhannon south along Baltimore & Ohio R. R. to Selbyville.
Buckhannon, Upshur County Court-House, west side of front entrance, in center of west face of base block of square column; aluminum tablet stamped "1433 Grafton" 1,432.581
Buckhannon, 3.4 miles south of, on west end of stone culvert, 10 feet west of railroad track; bronze tablet stamped "1418" 1.417.289
Buckhannon, 4.8 miles south of, 10 feet southwest of railroad track on sandstone boulder; chiseled square, marked "1430" 1,429.68
Buckhannon, 6.9 miles south of, 60 feet west of railroad track, 40 feet north of drain, in sandstone boulder; bronze tablet stamped "1434" 1,433.133
Sago, on south end of west abutment of wagon bridge over
Buckhannon River; chiseled square, marked "1439" 1,438.150
8l8 APPENDIX — LEVELS.
Feet
Sago, 1.8 miles south of, 6 feet west of track, 500 feet north of house; chiseled square on sandstone boulder, marked "1452" 1,451.40
Sago, l.S miles south of, 6 feet west of railroad track, In rock
ledge; bronze tablet stamped "1484" 1,483.484
sago, 3.3 miles south of, 6 feet east of railroad; chiseled
square on boulder, marked "1565" 1,564.58
Sago, 4.6 miles south of, between railroad and wagon road, on
large boulder; chiseled square, marked "1622" 1,621.19
Tenmlie, 1.2 miles south of, 75 feet west of railroad, 75 feet east of wagon road, 100 feet southwest of mile-post 54, in large boulder; bronze tablet stamped "1669" 1,658.860
Tenmlie, 3.3 miles south of, 4 feet west of railroad track;
chiseled square on rock ledge, marked "1710" 1,709.31
Beans Mill Station, 6 feet west of track, 100 feet southwest
of store, chiseled square on large boulder, marked "1768". 1,767.30
Alton, 0.1 mile north of, 15 feet west of railroad track, 500 feet northwest of house on opposite side of river, in large boulder; bronze tablet stamped "1802" 1,801.305
Alton, in front of station; top of rail 1,799.
Altom, 1.5 miles south of, 6 feet west of railroad track; chiseled
square on boulder, marked "1823" 1,822.66
Alton, 2.8 miles south of, 6 feet east of track; chiseled square
on large boulder, marked "1848" 1,848.01
Alexander, 20 feet southwest of switch, 100 feet north of postoffice; bronze tablet stamped "1855" 1,855.010
Alexander, 1.7 miles south of, 6 feet west of track, 400 feet west of house on opposite side of stream; chiseled square on ledge, marked "1868" 1,867.97
Alexander, 2.5 miles south of, at Chemical Station, 10 feet east of railroad, 50 feet north of house; spike in telegraph-pole, marked "1875" 1.874.70
Selbyville, in west end of north abutment of railroad bridge
64A; bronze tablet stamped "1888" 1,887.493
From Sago east along Coal & Coke Ry. to Midvale, thence south via lumber railroad and highway to West Huttonsvllle.
Sago, 0.7 mile southeast of, south edge of track, spike in base
of road-crossing sign-post, scribed "1468 U. S." 1,468.09
Sago, 2 miles southeast of, south of track; chisel point on east foundation of water-tank, scribed on upright "1570 U. S." 1.569.59
Strader, 0.9 mile south of railroad bridge over creek; chisel
point of east end of south abutment; chiseled "1623 U. S.". 1,622.471
Strader, 50 feet northwest of station, 30 feet east of old schoolhouse, 50 feet west of track,, 50 feet north of wagon road, in boulder; bronze tablet stamped "1695 B 1 1912". .1,694.564
Goodwin, in front of center of station; top of north rail;
marked "1778 U. S." 1,777.5
Goodwin, 200 feet southeast of station, 50 feet south of track; copper nail In base of 15-lnch maple tree, scribed "1765 U. S." 1,764.55
Goodwin, 0.8 mile northeast of, 20 feet east of track, 20 feet north of wagon road; chisel point on boulder, chiseled 1810 U. S." 1,809.47
West Virginia Geological Survey. 819
Feet
Sand Run, 1 mile west of, 500 feet east of rock quarry, 25 feet south of track; chisel point on boulder under walnut tree, chiseled "1902 U. S." 1,901.49
Sand Run, in front of station; top of rail, marked "1958
U. S." 1,957.4
Sand Run, 0.2 mile north of, 180 feet south of tunnel, 10 feet west of track, in ledge; bronze tablet stamped "1977 B 2 1912" 1,977.034
Bentley Wye, in front of station sign-board, top of west rail. .1,962.0
MIdvale, 0.8 mile west of, 250 feet south of old sawmill, west
of track; chisel point on boulder, chiseled "1909 U. S.". .1,908.84
Milvale, 200 feet south of station, in east end of north abutment of railroad bridge over Middle Pork River; bronze tablet stamped "1860 B 3 1912" 1,859.308
Ellamore, 150 feet east of post-office, 12 feet north of track;
chisel point on boulder; chiseled "1842 U. S." 1,841.26
Ellamore, 1.1 miles south of, west edge of track; spike in
base of 20-inch chestnut tree, scribed "U. S. 1857" 1,856.35
Ellamore, 2.9 miles south of, south edge of track, north edge of river, opposite farm house, 500 feet west of road crossing; copper nail in base of 2%-foot oak tree, scribed "1852 U. S." 1,851.99
Mouth of Kettle Run, 0.5 mile north of, 650 feet west of road crossing, 10 feet north of track, 10 feet south of wagon road, in boulder; bronze tablet stamped "1869 B 4 1912". .1,868.170
Mouth of Kettle Run, 0.7 mile south of, west edge of track;
chisel point on boulder; chiseled "1878 U. S." 1,877.23
Top of west rail at road crossing near old bridge, painted on
Crossing "1866 U. S." 1,885.9
Mouth of Kettle Run, 1.6 miles south of, 40 feet north of track, in center of road; chisel point on boulder, chiseled "1896 U. S." 1,895,56
Caaslty, 3.2 miles north of, west edge of track, east edge of river; copper nail in base of 1-foot gum tree, scribed "1936 U. S." 1,935.97
Casslty, 1.4 miles north of, east edge of track, 350 feet north of road crossing, in boulder; bronze tablet stamped "1991 B 5 1912" 1.990.930
Casslty, 300 feet south of boarding house, 300 feet south of lumber company's engine house, 50 feet south of Cassity Pork, 35 feet southeast of track; copper nail in base of 18-inch spruce tree, scribed "2021 U. S.," aluminum tag stamped "2021 U. S." 2,020.18
Casslty, 0.8 mile outh of, east end of south abutment of wagon bridge over Middle Pork River; chisel point, chiseled "2046 U. S." 2,045.25
Cassity, 2.4 miles south of, 40 feet east of track, 0.8 mile north Stonecoal Run, 250 feet south of farm house, 100 feet west of wagon road; in ledge; bronze tablet stamped "2101 B 6 1912" 2,100.164
Mouth of Stonecoal Run, 150 feet north of. west edge of track, 100 feet south of house; copper nail in base of 3-foot, spruce tree, scribed "2119 U. 3." aluminum tag stamped "2119 U. S." 2,118.28
Mouth of Stonecoal Run, 1 mile south of, west side of river where railroad right of way crosses it; copper nail in base of 2-foot birch tree, scribed; aluminum tag stamped "2158 U. S." 2.157.90
Feet West Huttoneville, 1.9 miles north of, 600 feet south of moath of Laurel Creek, 200 feet south of foot-bridge, west edge of road, east edge of rock, WO feet west of farm house;
chisel point on bolder, chiseleud "2214 U. 2,21S.S7
West Huttonsville, 1.1 miles north of, west edge of road at forks, 700 feet north of farm house; chisel point on boulder; painted "2264 U. S." 2,262.41
From Palace Valley along lumber railroad to Alexander.
Palace Valley, 800 feet south of road crossing, 20 feet east of track, in boulder; bronze tablet stamped "2102 B 10 1912" 2,101.344
Shahan, top of south rail at road crossing in front of station;
painted on platform "2025 U. S." 2,026.1
Alexander, 3.3 miles east of, south edge of track; chisel point
on boulder, chiseled "20C1 U. S." 2,000.44
Alexander, 2.4 miles east of, north edge of track; chisel point
on boulder, chiseled "1957 U. S." 1,957.00
Alexander, 1 mile east of, east edge of track at road crossing;
chisel point on boulder, chiseled "1878 U. S." 1,877.77
Alexander, 20 feet southwest of switch, 100 feet north of postoffice; bronse tablet stamped "1855" 1,855.010
Thornton Quadrangle.
From Grafton east along highway via Knottsvllle Sinclair, and Fellowsville
to Tunnelton.
Knottsvllle, 200 feet south of post-office, in large rock on east side of road, opposite house of W. E. Wilson; bronse tablet stamped "1484 Adj 1903" 1,483.264
Claude, 1 mile northwest of, 3.1 miles southeast of Knottsville, 10 feet south of center of road, in large rock; bronze tablet stamped "1418 Adj 1903" 1.417.588
Dent, opposite post-office, west side of road, 300 feet south of covered bridge over Sandy Creek, in large rock; bronze tablet stamped "1326 Adj 1903" 1,325.249
Sinclair, 1 mile northeast of post-office, 250 feet north of forks, in large rock on east side of road; bronze tablet stamped "1489 Adj 1903" 1,488.456
Sinclair, 3.4 miles north of post-office, 0.2 mile north of forks of road, 0.1 mile south of residence of H. Goff, west sie of road, in large rock; bronze tablet stamped "1408 Adj 1903". (The true elevation is possibly 1 foot greater) 1,407.686
Bench mark near Grafton.
Grafton, about 2 miles east of, on corner-stone of abutment of small bridge; chiseled square (B. & O. and C. ft G. S. bench
(1903 adjusted value 1,024.024.)
From Austen west along Baltimore ft Ohio R. R. to Grafton.
Grafton, about 2 miles east of, east abutment of bridge 100, set between tracks in bridge seat; copper bolt (B. & O. bench mark 100) 1,021.294
West Virginia Geological Survey. 821
Feet. Grafton, 1.2 miles east of, at mile-post 279; section of rail set vertically in ground between tracks (B. ft O. bench mark 101) 1,007.140
Weston Quadrangle
From Ruraldale north via Johnstown to Quiet Dell, thence southwest to West Mllford, thence north to Clarksburg.
Johnstown, 0.1 mile west of, in face of ledge of rock north of
road; bronze tablet stamped ''1062 Grafton 1901"
Quiet Dell, 0.5 mile south of, 600 feet from crossroads, in large boulder on west side of road; aluminum tablet stamped "1050 Grafton 1901" 1,050.378
West Milford, at southwest comer of highway bridge over West Fork River, in top of bridge seat; bronze tablet stamped '979 Grafton 1901" 978.965
From West Milford south along highways to Weston.*
Jane Lew, southeast end of railroad bridge over Hackers Creek, in top of first stone below bridge seat; aluminum tablet sUmped "1007 Grafton 1901" 1,006.647
From Weston along road to Ruraldale.
Weston, at end of southwest pier of Baltimore ft Ohio R. R. bridge 24A over West Fork River; bronze tablet stamped "1017 Grafton 1901"t 1,008.903
From Weston south aicng Baltimore ft Ohio R. R. to Brownsville.
Weston, 0.5 mile south of, on northeast comer of south abutment of railroad bridge 25C; chiseled square 1,017.37
Brownsville, on northeast corner of west abutment of covered
bridge; chiseled square 1,027.81
The error distributed in this line is excessive.
IThls description and corrected elevation were furnished by the Chief Engineer of the Baltimore ft Ohio Railroad after reconstruction of pier.
Index
A Page
Abbott, Chas. A., No. 1 Coal Test
Abbreviations, Oil and Gas Tables . . 818
Academy Hill Quarry 218-18
Adams, Geo 570
Adma Mine 892, 898
Adma Section 100, 184
Adolph Section 69, 1764, 184
Alan Wood Iron & Steel Co
Alexander Boom & Lumber Co 772 Alexander Boom & Lumber Co. No.
Alexander & Eastern R. R 4, 808
Alexander & Rich Mountain R. R 4
Alexander Lumber Co 771
Alexander Section 68, 69, 187-8, 184
Allegheny Series ,79
Chapter VII 241-262
Description of Members 242-262
General Description and Section. 241-2
Minable Coals 508-640
Oil and Gas Sands 802
Thickness 184-7
Allen and Crites 840
Alma Coal
Alton* Lumber Co. Mill 771
Ames Limestone
Ames Shale
Bakerstown 789-740
Clarion 741
Eagle 722. 742
Elk Lick 789
Hughes Ferry 742
Lower Freeport 740
Middle and Lower Kittanning . . .
Quakcrtown 742
Pittsburgh 789
Redstone 789
Sewell "B" 742
Table of 738-746, 789-742
Upper Freeport 740
Upper Kittanning 740
Upper Mercer 741-2
Analyses, Coke:
Analyses, Coke :
Middle and Lower Kittanning. . . 666, 571, 672, 678, 624, 626, 629.
Sewell 721
Upper Freeport 626
Analyses, Fire Clay Shale:
Qarksburg 209, 752
Hammond ? 752
Lower Kittanning 762, 757
?uakertown 762, 759 thornton 752
Upper Kittanning 262, 752
Analyses, Limestone:
Clarksburg 211, 762
Elk Lick 218, 752
Johnstown 264, 762
Lower Freeport 249, 762
Redstone 198, 199, 752
Sewickley 126
Analyses, River Clay 762. 755
Anarlyses, Road Materials, Table of. 752 Analyses, Sandstone (Glass-Sand) :
East Lynn 762
Homewood 762
Anderson, Frank 814, 886
Andrews 221
Annabelle Shale 189, 191, 747
Anticline, Definition. ,; 64
Anticlines 71-74
Hiram , 72-78
Marquess 78-74
Ruraldale ,. .71-72
Appendix — Levels Above Mean Tide
Arden Mine 392
Arden Section 96, 184
Area, Barbour County 10
Area. Randolph County 25
Area, Upshur County 16-17
Areas for Drainage Basins 86
Areas, Prospective Oil and Gas
Areas Suitable for Reforestation:
Barbour County 768
Randolph County 776-6
Upshur County 772
Ariana Mine 892, 828
Arlington Section 68, 69, 148-9, 184
Arnold Run Section 90-1, 184
Index.
Page Arnoldsburg Sandstone
Arvondale Junction Section 180, 184
Astor Section 68, 69, 81, 184
Audra Section 96, 184
Available Gay 766-9
Available Coal, Summary of 786-7
Available S'and 762-8
Available Stone 760-1
Available Streams 764-6
Axis, Definition 64
B
Back Fork" of Elk River. V/.'sV. 86, 61-2
Bailey, C. T 89, 44
Bakerstown Coal
68, 60, 89, 102, 104, 106, 106, 107, 109. 113, 117, 124, 129, 147, 140, 202, 222, 227, 228, 2S9, 280, 842, 844, 846, 351. 854. 363, 304, 805, 416, 418, 480- 602, 787. 780-40, 743 Bakerstown Coal... (See Minable Coals)
Ball, C 412
Balli. Andrew, Mine (887). 668, 742, 744 Balltown Samd...802, 804, 311, 847, 348 Baltimore & Ohio R. R.:
Bumersville Branch 3, 807
Grafton & Belington Branch.. 2-8, 806
Pickens Branch 8-4, 806
Point Pleasant, Buckhannon & Ty-
gart Valley R. R 8. 807
Baltimore & Ohio R. R.. Exposures:
Baltimore & Ohio R. R.. Levels. . .806-7 Baltimore & Ohio R. R., Limestone
Analysis 762
Baltimore & Ohio R. R., Mine (665) 06. 557
Baltimore & Ohio R. R., Prospect (484) 534
Baltimore & Ohio R. R., Sandstone (Quarry 260
Baltimore & Ohio R. R.. Shale Analysis 752
Area 17
Buffalo Sandstone 231-3
Coal Tests *14, 41
East Lynn Sandstone 268, 260
Grafton Sandstone 219
Lower Frecport Coal 248
Lower Frceport Sandstone 251
662-7, 680-1, 693, 702 Minable Cals...(See Minable Coals)
Orlando Limestone 2l7
Population 17
Probable Amount of Coal
698, 707, 711, 786 Prospective Oil and Gas Areas. . . .388
Saltsburg Sandstone 229
Sections 146-160
Upper Freeport Sandstone 246
Well Records 840-1, 368-388
Barbour County:
Area 10
Boundaries 1-2
Coal Analyses 789-742
Coal and Coke. Production, 1906-
Coal and Coke Ptoduction by
Mines 892, 898
Coal Test Records 396-412
Coal Tests, Summarized 396-8
Coal Tests, Summarized, Table.. 897-8
Forests 766-9
Formation 9-10
General Description 9-16
Intervals Above and Below Lower
Kittanning Coal 69
Intervals Above and Below Pittsburgh Coal 68
Miscellaneous Items 9-12
Population 11
Population of Villages 16
Postal Service 12
Products 11-18
Property Valuation 12
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas. . .
Relief 10-11
Road Materials, Analyses 752
Roads, Mileage of 9
Sections 81-116
Summarized Well Records. . . .814-815 Thickness of Stratified Rocks. ..184-7
Towns and Industries 18-16
Villages 16
Well Records and Prospective
Areas 811-338
Barbour, Philip Pendleton 9, 18
Area 10
Brush Creek Coal 234
Buffalo S'andstone 281
East L3mn Sandstone 266, 269
Lower Freeport Limestone 249
Lower Freeport Sandstone 251
Minable Coals
568-74, 643-4. 652. 677 Minable Coals... (See Minable Croats)
Population 11
Probable Amount of Coal
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas.. 337-8
Sections 109-118
Well Records 837-8
S24
Index.
Page
Bartlett. L. W 18
Base-Level 82, 88
Baaina, Drainage 88*69
Baains, Drainage, Areaa 88
Baaina. Drainage, 86*68
Bassell, Benjamin, Heira, Quarry... 818
Baton, Oorirc S. & Co 86, 397, 898
Bayard Sand 808, 804, 809
Bealin, John 14
Beans Mill Section 187. 184
Bear Knob Section.. 68 69, 117-118, 184
Beaver Creek 38, . 35, 54
Beckett Sand 0?
Beckwith, G. S. & Co 896, 897, 400
Beech Credk Mine 898
Beech T.ick Section 89-90. 14
Belgrade Glass Co 81
Belington & Beaver Creek R. R 6
Belington & Northern R. R -7
Belington, Description 14-15
Tri'Tiffton r.a'i" <=tation Records. 37-5S
Belington Industrial Co
Belington Industrial Co. No. 1 Coal
Belington Industrial Co. No. 2 Coal
Belington, Population 11
Belington Ouadrangle. Levels. . .809-810 Belington .Section .. 68, 69. 112-118, 184
Belington Syncline 76*77
Belleronhon
BemisV y. "m. & Son ;. ... . . 774
Bennett, E. H .880
Bennett. E. IT.. No. 2 Conl Test (24)
Bennett, E. H., No. 4 Coal Test (28)
Benson, J. C. Limestone (3uarry..217 Benson, J. C, No. 8612 Well (10)..
Rs- 101. 810. S14-15 S23-4.
Benson Sand 85. 86, 302, 304. 810
Benwood Limestone
Berea Sand 802, 864, 807
Berea Sand, Depth to 815. 841, 885
Page Brryburg Branch, G. & B. R. R..8. 807 Berryburff Junction Section... 88-4. 184
Berryburg Section 89*8, 184
Berwind-White Coal Co 480, 421
Bethlehem Steel Co.. Analyais 684
Beulah Lumber Co 774
Beverage. John, Mine (647)... 153. 548 Beverly District (Randolph):
Well Records and Prospective
Areas 885, 889
Big Cove Run 85, 58
Big Dunkard Sand .'802. 804
Big Injun Sand 802. 804, 807
Big Injun Sand. Depth to. 815, 841. 885 Big Laurel Thicket Section. . .176. 184
Big Lime 297, 802. 804, 806
Big Lime, Depth to 815, 841, 885
Big Lime. Intervals, Oil and Gas
Sands 804
Big Lime of Ohio 811
Big Run 84, 86, 58
Big Run Section 118-119, 184
Birmingham Shale 202, 918-19, 747
Blatchley, G. C 767
Bloomfield. P. B 7, 420
Boat Run Coal Co 397
Boat Run Coal Co., Production 398
Boat Run No. 1 Mine 393
Boggs, Robert 6
Bolivar Fire CHay
W. M m
Bos'orth Tacob & Mike, Mine
onH*T section 253-4
Boundaries of Area 1-S
Boylen. D. M., No. 1 Coal Test (16)
Boyles, Jbb. O.. No. 1 Coal Test
Bradford? Sand 802, 804, 810
Brady, A. P
576. 624. 628. 685 Brady. A. Spates. Mine (810)
Index.
Page Brady Coal Co., Production. .392, 898 Brady, Tames, Heirs, Mine (661).. 689
Brady, Walter 094
Brake, Ella. Mine (961).. 686, 742, 746 Praicc, G. B.. Coal Prospect (846).. 237
Brake. B., No. 1 Coal Test
Brandenburg, Charles 37, 88
Braxton-Qay Report 212
Brennan, J. A., Drilling Co 489
Brennan, U. L 441
Brick, Paving, Manufacture :
Stratified Shales Suitable for... 746-7 Stratified Shales Suitable for. Table of 747
Brick Plants 758-6
Broaddus College, Quarry 281
Broaddus Institute 18-14
Brooks. A. B 766
Brooks, Alfred H., and Jos. A.
Taf! 81, 71
Brown and Hill. Mill 774
Brown. Floyd, Mill 770
Brownstown Sandstone
Broyles. Joseph 763
Brush Creek Coal
68, 69, 106, 114 116. 127, 128, 129, ISO. 133. 134. 150. 202, 226, 232, 833- 837, 816, 856. 857, 359, 395, 404, 406,
Brush Creek Limestone
Brush Creek Shale
104 106. 115, 129. 130. 184. 150, 202, 226, 838-3, 234, 235. 236, 237 Brushy Fork of Fink Run. 81, 38, 35, 55
Brydon, W. S 247. 586. 664
Buckhannon & Little Kanawha Turnpike 8
Buckhannon Box & Resaw Co. . .22, 772
Buckhannon Chemical Co
4. 380. 340, 376. 384, 385, 886, 441, Buckhannon Chemical Co., Coal Test
Buckhannon Chemical Co.. No. 1 Well (00).. 155. 156-7. 385, 386-7. 706
Buckhannon. Descriotion 19-28
Area 17
Clarksburg Limestone 211
Coal Tests 414. 416-417
Page
Grafton Sandstone 219
Minable Coals
Pine Creek Limestone 880
Population 17
Probable Amount of Coal
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas... 860
Saltsburg Sandstone 228
Sections 126-9
Upper Freeport Sandstone 244
Well Records 840-1, 845-860
Buckhannon Folio No. 34 81, 71
Buckhannon Fuel Co
359, 868 Buckhannon, Intervals, Oil and Gas
Sands 804
Buckhannon, Population 17
Buckhannon Relief Oil & Gas Co . .
Buckhannon River
Indicated Horse-Power Developed
by 765
Buckhannon River Coal & Coke Co.:
Production 898, 898
Buckhannon River Coal Co
Buckhannon River Lumber Co. Mill
Buckhannon Section .. 68, 69, 126-8, 184 Building Stone (Chapter XIII). 763-776
Building Stone 760-1
Buffalo Sandstone
802, 808, 408, 748 Bulletin 2 (W. Va. G. S.) 647, 726 Bulletin 65 (U. S. G. S.)
284, 290 Bunner, Washington, Mine (981).. 280
Bunten, James, Sawmill 770
Burner, Brown, No. 1 Coal Test
Burner, Oorge Heirs, Mine (424). 623 Burner, (jeorge. Heirs, Mine (677).. 698 Burner, (}eorge. Heirs, Sandstone
Quarry 269
Burner, William, Mill 771
Burner. W. L., Sandstone Exposure. 256 Bumersville Branch, Pt. PI., B., &
T. V. R. R 8, 807
Burning Springs Sand 802, 804
Burr, Elbridge & John, Sawmill . . . 770
Index.
Page Busky, Gottfried, Prospect (906)... 876
Butcher & Wilson 840
Butts-McCormick- Wilson Well No. 1
Byrer Building, Philippi 289
Cabell-W'ayne-Lincoln Report 266
Cain, P. J 421, 424
Cariro Sand 802, 806
Callahan, Dr. J. M 764
Cambridge Limestone, Lower 236
Camp No. 11 Mine.. 726
Campbell Creek Limestone 166
Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal... 69, 100, 111, 141. 148. 166. 166, 166, 168. 170, 172. 178, 178, 181, 182. 265. 276. 276. 278-9, 822, 878. 894, 896, 421. 428, 424. 428. 481. 482. 875-691, 787. 742, 744-6 Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal..
Campbell. M. R 286. 287
Campbell, S. A
Camden, J. N 6
Canaan Section 161-2. 184
Capture. Stream 29-82
Carroll Sand 302. 304
Casing Required for Drilling 801
Cassity Fork 86, 67
Cassity Fork Boom & Lumber Co.:
Cassity Fork Section 172. 184
Cassity Section 69, 170-1, 184
Casto. Anthony and Bird. Limestone 199
Casto, Opha, Mine (28).. 449, 789, 748 Casto. S. G., No. 1 Coal Test (92)
Catskill Series 79. 298-9
Catskill S'eries. Oil and Gars Sands. .
802 808-9 Catskill Series. Thickness. . . ! .184-7
Cedar Grove Coal
Cedar Grove Sandstone, Lower. . .
Cedar Grove Sandstone, Upper
Cedarville Sandstone
88, 91, 92, 119, 120. 121, 122. 190. 198-7, 451 Central W. Va. Fire Protective Association 768, 776
Century Coal Co 471
Century Coal Co.:
Production 892. 898
Century Section 68. 69. 98-4. 184
Chandler, R. M 782
Changes, Physiographic 28-32
Chapter I — Historical and Induitrial
Development 1-27
Chapter II — Physiography 88-68
Chapter III — Structure 64-78
Sections 79-187
Chapter V — Stratigraphy — Monongahela
Series 188-200
Chapter VI — Stratigraphy — Conemaugh
Series 801-240
Chapter VII — Stratigraphy— Allegheny Series 241-268
Chapter VIII — Stratigraphy— Pottsville
Series 868-298
CSiapQer IX— 'Stratigraphy — Misaissippian
and Devonian Rocks.. 294-299 Chapter X — Petroleum and Natural
Gas 800-389
Chapter XI— Coal 390-746
Crhapter XII — Road Materials ..746-752 CHiapter XI 11 — Clay, Building Stone. Glass-Sand. Iron Ore. Water-Power. Mineral Waters and Forests..
Chapter XIV — Notes on the Paleontology of Area (Invertebrate Fossils from the Conemaugh and
Charity Fork 80
Charity Fork Section 122-8. 184
Chemical & Helvetia R. R 4. 778
Chemical Tests of Road Materials. 751-8
Chemung Series 79, 899
Chemung Series, Oil and Gas Sands
Chemung Series. Thickness 184-7
Chilton Coal 69. 266. 975, 895. 480
Chipps & Wamsley Sawmill 770
Chonetes Mesolobus 234
Citizens Natural Gas Co 184. 840
Clarendon Sand 302. 804
CHarion Coal
69. 96. 100, 108, 110, 114, 116, 117. 182. 140. 141. 149, 165. 242. 988, 865. 390. 394, 395. 417. 629. 684, 840u9, 787, 741. 744
Clarion Coal, Lower 684
Clarion Coal Upper 684
Oarion 5andstone
100, 110. 113. 131, 132, 141. 147, 161, 242. 969, 642. 64.3. 644. 645. 646 Clark. Theodore. Mine (745) 612
Index.
Page Clarksburg & Buckhannon Turnpike.. 8
Clarksburg & Philippi Turnpike 8
Clarksburg Coal, Little
210, 211, 896 Clarksburg Fire Clay Shale
Clarksburg Red Shale
Clay, Available 766-9
Clay, Fire - 757-9
Clay, Fire, Analyses 762, 758, 769
Clay, Rcsidul 766
Clay, River, Analyses 752, 766
Qay, Transported 766
Qays and Clay Industry 763-9
Clements Coal & Coke Co 396, 897
Clements Coal & Coke Co., Coal Test
Qcments Section 110-111, 184
Oeveland Sandstone 168, 165
Cleveland Section 68, 69, 158-4, 186
Qinton Sand 811
Coarl:
Alma 76-7
Bakerstown
Brush Creek 283-7
Castle 287, 707-711, 737
Cedar Grove 276
Chilton 275
Clarion 262. 640-9, 737, 741. 744
Eagle 282, 691-8. 787, 742, 745
Elk Lick.. 217, 478-490. 787, 789, 743
Gilbert 888-4, 698-702. 737
Harlem 222-5
Hughes Ferry
Little Qarksburg 206-9
Little Pittsburgh 204
Lower Clarion 634
Lower Frecport 245-8, 740, 743
Lower larger 286
Lower Kittanning
Twer Uniontown 198
Mahoning 239
Middle Kittanning
Page Coal:
Mill Creek 290-1
Normantown 218
Pittsburgh
Quakertown "Rider" 278
Redstone.. 197, 442-478, 737, 739, 743
Sewell "B" 287-8, 742, 746
Sewickley 194-5
Uniontown 192
Upper Clarion 684
Upper Freeport
Upper Kittanning
Upper Mercer
Washington 117
Wasmesburg 190
Welch 291-2, 736
West Milford 218
Coal Analyses, Table of 789-742
Coal and Coke Production by Counties, Order 891
Coal and Coke Production by Mines,
Coal and Coke Production by Mines,
Coal and Coke Production, 1906- 1916 891
Coal and Coke Railway : 414
Fire Clay Analysis 762
Main Line 5, 807-8
Northern Division 6
Sandstone Quarries 267, 268
Coarl, Available
(See Quantity and Probable Amount)
Coal. Available, Summary of 786-7
Index.
Coal Mines by Numbers
Coal Mines, Pase References to Detailed Descriptions and Sections . 74S-5
Coal Production Statistics S90-4
Co! S'-ani*. Relative Position ot 395
Coal Test Borings:
Barho'ir Cnnntv 896-412
Barker District 897-8, 406-410
Cove District 897. 401-5
Elk District 397. 899
nbde District 897. 405-6
Philippi District 897. 400-1
Pleasant District 897. 899
Union District 897, 800-400
Valley District 3J98. 410-412
Randoloh Countv 420-442
Huttonsville District 421. 442
T.eadsville District 421. 420-4
Middle Fork District. .421. 4.'J0-442
Minjro District 421. 44
Roarinor Creek District. .421. 424-9
Uoshur Countv 418-419
Banks District 414, 410
Buckhannon District. . .Mil 4. 41.'1-417
Meade District 414. 417-419
TTnon District 414. 417
Warren District 414, 415
Washinsrton District 414. 419
Coal Test Borinflr by Nos
Coal Tests Borings, Summarized:
Barbour County 896-8
'andolob County 420-1
Upshur County 41.3-414
Coal Test Borinsrs. Tables:
Barbottr County 897-8
Randolph County 421
Unshur Countv 414
69. 1.32. 1.38. 141. 142. 145. 146. 1.55, 156. 161. 162. 169. 169. 170, 172. 11. 265. 278. 874, 822, 894. 895. 418. 422, 425. ea9.674. 787. 742. 744 Coalingr <=tation Mine (803)... 893. 681
Coals, Minable 894
AlleRhenv Series 508-649
Bv Mairistertal Districts 787
By Mag'serial Districts
ronctnaufirh ?erie 478-502
Mononeahela eries 442-478
Pottsville Series, Kanawha Grouo
Pottsville Ser-e!, New Rivrr
Oroun .1. ... . 702-786
Coalton, Description 26
Coalton Mines, Coal Analvses 6S4
Coalton Mines Coke Analyses 685
Coalton Mines Nos. 1 and 2. Production .802. 898
Cochran and Jenkins. Mill 771
Cody and Tsherwool 840. 366. 771
FMge
Cody and Isherwood Well No. 1
Cody, R. B 180
Coke and Coal Production, 1906-
Coke and Coal Production. 1914 892
Coke and Coal Production, 1916 898
Coking Test. Sewell Coal 780
Coking Test. Sewell Coal. By-Prod-uct
721-2
Colebank Section 68, 69 101-3, 185
Wells 840-1, 876. 376
Combs, P. S., Limestone Quarry
Concrete Materials 760-1
Conditions, Originad Forest:
Prbour County 766-7
Upshur County 769
Conditions, Present Forest:
Barbour County 767
Randolph County 775-6
Uoshur County 771-2
Condry. John 625
Conemaugh Series 79
Chanter VI 201-240
Description of Members 208-240
General Description and Section . .
Generai Section 02-8
Invertebrate F'ossils From 777-806
Minable Coals 478-602
Oil and Gas Sands 802
Thickness 184-7
Connellsvilie Sandstone
85, 87. 91. 102, 104, 107, 108. 112. 117. 119. 120. 122. 126, 127. 128. 202, MS, 207. 208. 214, 802, 748
Connellsvilie Sandstone Lower
89. 102. 107, 117, 120. 121, 127, 128, 202, 211, 2ial3, 214, 748 Connoquenessing Sandstone, Lower 100. 111. 156, 161, 168, 166. 178, 265, 274-5, 422, 480, 748 Connoquenessing Sandstone, Upper 06. 99. 100 106. 111. 114, 116. 117, 181, 137 188, 142, 148, 149. 155, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 168. 169, 170, 172, 173 175, 176, 179, 180. 181, 265, 267. 268, 871-3. 274. 276. 291 292, 826. 330, 331, 883. 424, 426. 430, 643, 644. 667, 674, 748, 769
Consolidation Coarl Co
Production 892, 898
Constant Oil Co 818, 814. 817
Contour% Green Structure 66, 200
Contours, Red Structure 66, 861
Index.
Coonts, Isaac, Coal Test No. 1 (89)
Coonts, Jackson, No. 1 Coal Test
Cooper S'and 802
No. 1 Well jin 814-15, 816, 823
and Nutter Quarry 244
Core Brick Plant 28. 756-6
Core Tests by Nos.:
1 and 2 897. 899
Hi. 85, and 36 897, 406
47A, 48, 48A, 49, 50, and 51... 898
58. 58A, 59, 59 A, 60, 61, and 62.. 398
62A 1" 398
64A 398. 411
87A, 88, 89 and 90 414
92'.'..'!.'.'.'! 414. 417-18
Page Core Tests by Nos.:
Core Tests, Summarized:
Barbour County 896-8
Randolph County 420-1
Upshur County 418-414
Core Tests, Table:
Barbour County 897-8
Randolph County 421
Upshur County 414
Corley, Wade 525
Comiferous Limestone 85, 811
County Roads, Ordinary 8-9
Area 10
Bolivar Fire Qay 248
Buffalo STandstone 281
Coal Tests 897, 401-5
East Lynn Sandstone 256
Harlem Coal 228-4
Iron Ore 763
Lower Freeport Coal 247
Lower Freeport Limestone 249
Lower Freeport Sandstone 250
Minable C:oal8
Population 11
Probable Amount of Coal
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas... 336
.altsburg Sandstone 228
Sections 100-106
LToper Freeport Limestone 243-4
Well Records 314-315, 880-6
Index.
Cow Run Section 140-50, 186
Coyner 766
Cra4dock and Winchester, Mill 770
Craddock Gas Field 876
Craddock Intervals, Oil and Gas
Sands 804
Craddock Section 68, 69, 167-8, 186
Cravcr, H. H 262, 767
Crawford and Maxwell No. 2 Coal
Crawford and Maxwell No. S Coal
Crawford Coal Co., Production 892
Crawford, H. M 660
Crawford, H. M. & Co.:
Coal Production 898
Crawford Quadrangle, Levels. . .810-812
Creek and River C'rarvels 761
Crinoid Fragments 284
Crites, Abram, Mill 770
Crites and Allen 840
Crites. Henry, No. 1 Coal Test
Croft Lumber Co 4. 771, 778-4
Crosby and Bcckley Lumber Co 771
Cms'insr. Limestone for 760
Crusbinpr. Sandstone for 750
Cunningham, Dr. J. L 442, 697
Cunningham, Dr. J. L., Prospect
Cunningham, Dr. J. L., Prospect
Currencc. Andrew, Coal Test No.
Currv. T. W 21
Curtis. Tames, No. 1 Coal Test
Cutright, A. O., No. 1 Coal Test
Cutright Bros 421. 442
Cutright, Isaac, Heirs. Mine (928). 679 Cutright, Jacob Ervin. Mine (408).. 520
Cutright, M. A 4
Cutright, Mrs. E. A 226
Cutright Run Section 128-9. 185
Cutright, W. B 8, 16, 19, 770
Czar Section 178, 186
Daily Discharge Measurements, Tygart Valley River:
Daily Gage Heights. Tygart Valley River, at Belington:
Daniels. P. C 889
Danville Section 104 185
Darst. J. S 12, 18
Data, Table of Stream 88-84
Davis, A. C j;
Davis and Elkins 16
Davis and Elkins Prospect (1087).. 288 Davis and Elkins Prospect (1088).. 788
Davis and Randolph 92, 814. 826
Davis Coal 9t Coke Co
896. 898. 406. 407. 408, 409 420. 421. 422, 428. 425. 427. 428 Davis Coal & Coke Co.:
Production 898
Index.
Page Dirvis Coal & Coke Co.:
Williette Mine (788)... 626, 741, 744 Davis Colliery Co
Coalton No. 1 Mine (Nos. 1 and 2 Openings) (808) 688-5
Coalton No. 1 Mine (No. 3 Openings) (807) 633, 741. 744
Harding Mine (Air-Hole of No. 1 Opening) (795) 628
Harding Mines, Analyses 629
Production 392, 898
Davis, Henry G 268
730 742 745 Davis,' H. G.,* HcirsV Mine (1077) '. . 730 Davis, H. G., Heirs, Mine (1077A).731 Davis, James and Simon, Mine
Davis, John T 165, 420
Davisson, E. G 840
Dawson Sand 302
Davton, A. G 811, 323, 829
Debarr, Alfred, Mine (715)... 189, 603 Debarr, Lashley and Nelson, Mine
Debarr. T. M 28
Decota Sandstone
Deep Sands of Ohio. Depth to 311
Deer Lick Sand 802
Degarmo. S. C, Sandstone Analysis 752, 762
Deltopecten Flabellum 889
Denhaxn, Jonah, Sandstone Quarry
Depth of Wells 816, 841, 886
Depth to Berea, Big Injun, Fifth and Gordon Sands. ...816, 341, 385
Depth to Big Lime 815, 841, 886
Depth to Lower Kittanning Coal...
Derbya 270, 296
Derbya Robusta 870
Description, General:
Barbour County 9-16
Randolph County 26-27
Upshur County 16-24
Allegheny Series 241-8
Conemaugh Series 801-8
Monongahela Series 188-190
Pottsville Series 268-6
Description of Drarinage Basins. . .36-62 Description of Members:
Allegheny Series 248-268
Conemaugh Series 203-240
Monongahela Series 190-800
Pottsville Series, Kanawha Group
Pottsville Series, New River
Group 284-298
Description of Plate XLIV 804
Description of Species 790-803
Description of Terms (Structural). .64 Detailed Descriptions and Sections of Coal Mines, Page References
to 743-5
Detailed Structure 70-78
Detailed Well Records and Prospective Aras
(See Well Records and Prospective Areas) Development, Historical and Industrial (Cniapter I) 1-27
Devonian Beds 298-9
Devonian, Lower, Oil and Gas
Sands 310-311
Devonian Period 79, 80
Devonian, Thickness 184-7
Dewing & Sons, Sawmill 774
Diagram Showing Relative Position
of Coarl Seams 896
Diamond, Daniel, No. 1 Coal Test
Digman. Washington, Mine (389).. 516 Discharge Measurements, Tygart Valley River:
Page
Discharge Measurements, Tygart
Valley River:
Distillation Yield 721-2
Distribution and Range of Fossils. 787-8 Dix, Webster, Water Well (Coal
Doddridge-Harrison Report
Douglas Shale 786
Drainage Basins 82-62
Drainage Basins, Areas 86
Drainage Basins, Description 86-62
Duckworth, G. B., Mine 606
Duncan. Stuart, Residence 760
Dunkard Series 79
Dunkard Series, Thickness 184-7
Durett, Braxton, No. 1 Coal Test
Duvall. C. C 467
Dye, I, K .6
Eagle Coal
Eagle Limestone. 266. 283, 289, 431, 785
Eagle Limestone and Shale 289
Eagle Sandstone
Eagle Shale 266, 283, 289, 481
Early History, Oil and Gas:
Barbour County 311-318
Randolph County 884
Upshur County 838
East Lynn Sandstone
84. 94, 95 99, 103. 104, 106, 113. 115, 131, 132, 133, 184, 136, 137, 188, 140, 142, 140. 150, 151. 153. 167, 242. 252, 254 26B.260, 261, 402410, 411, 412, 554. 576, 592, 598. 597, 599, 603, 608, 612. 613. 648. 656. 748, 758. 761, 762
Electric Railroads 7
Elevation of Wells 814, 340, 385
Elevations:
Abbott 807, 810
Abbott Tunnel No. 7 807
Adma 806
Elevations:
Adrian 807, 810
Alexander 806, 808, 818, 820
Alton 806, 818
Arden 806, 809
Arnold 811
Arvondale Junction 806, 818
Bablin 818
Baltimore, Md 808
Beans Mill Station 818
Beech Run 808
Belington 806, 808, 810
Bentley Wye 819
Berryburg 807. 814
Berryburg Junction 806, 807
Beverly 818
Blue Spring 816
Blue Spring P. 0 816
Bois P. 0 818
Boylon 807
Brady Gate 817
Brownsville 881
Buckhannon 806, 807, 817
Buckhannon Junction 814
Buxton 808, 818
Camp Creek 808
Cassity 810
Century Junction 807
Charleston , 807
Chemical Station 818
Claude 880
Coalton 808, 818
Colebank 809
Cove Run ., 806
Craddock 806, 818
Crawford 807, 810
Danville 800
Dartmoor 808, 818
Dent 820
Elkins 808, 812
Elkins Junction 808
Elkwater Camp No. 4 817
Ellambre 810
Felton 806
Fisher 812
Flora I. 810
Foxhall 806
Frenchton 807, 810
Frenchton Tunnel No. 9 807
Gilman 818
Ooves Tunnel No. 8 807
Hacker Valley 814
Hall 807
Hampton 806
Hannan 807
Harding 808, 818
Hartridge 808
Harts Summit 808
Hodgeville 814
Ingo 811
Ireland 811
Jacksonville 811
Jane Lew 821
Johnstown 821
Junction 808
Junior 808
Jvinior .Station 812
Index.
Page
Elevations :
Kalamazoo 809
Kanawha Head 811
Kasson 809
Kerens 809
Kettle Run, Mouth of 819
Kingsville 808
Kingsville Tunnel No. 1 808
Knottsville 820
Lantz 808
Laurel 1. 808
Lee Bell S. H ' 817
Leiter 808
Lillian 806
Loop 806
Lorentz 806
Lush 806
Mabie 818
Macpelah Junction 806
Malta 807, 814
Meadowville 809
Meriden 806
Midvale 808. 819
Moatsville 806, 809
Monterville 816, 817
Montrose 809
Murphy 807
Nestorville 809
Newlon 806, 818, 816
Nicklow. P. 0 809
Ninth M. P 817
Nixon 807
O'Brien 806
Orr 808
Orr Tunnel No. 8 808
Overfield 815
Pt&lace Valley 808, 815, 890
Pecks Run 807, 814
Peeltree 814, 815
Philippi 806, 814
Phillips Tunnel No. 8 807
Pickens 806, 815, 816, 817
Pfngley's House 812
Pleasant Creek 814
Post Mill 807
Quiet Dell 821
Read 812
Reed Tunnel No. 6 807
Roanoke 810
Roaring Creek Junction 808, 812
Rohrbougb 809
Rosemont 818
Ruraldale 815
Sago 806, 807, 810, 817, 818
Sago Tunnel No. 6 807
Samp P. 0 816
STand Run 807, 819
Sandy 806
Scale House 807
Selbyville 812, 818
Shahan 820
Shipman Tunnel No. 4 807
Siding 814
Silica 806, 816
Sinclair 820
Smith Summit 807
Startion 817
Star 808, 815
Stonecoal Run, Mouth of 819
Store 816
Strader 807, 818
Summit of Mountain 815
Elevations:
Switzer 814
Tenmile 806, 818
Tenneys 808
Tygart Junction 806, 807, 814
Valley Bend 812
Valley Furnace 809
Volga 807, 814
Walkerville 810, 811
Weaver 808
Webster 818
West Huttonsville 815, 820
West Milford 821
Weston 821
Wheeler P. 0 818
Wildcat P. 0 818
Wilmoth 806
"Y" 808
Elevations
Elizabeth Sand 802, 804, 800
Elk City Section 68, 69, 89, 185
Elk Creek 80, 88, 86, 55-6
Elk Creek Oil ft Gas Co. . .318, 814, 821 Elk District (Barbour):
Area 10
Coal Tests 897, 899
Elk Lick Limestone 217
Little Pittsburgh Coal 204
Minable Coals
Orlando Limestone 216
Population H
Probable Amount of Coal
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas... 825
Sections 84-91
Well Records 814-16, 821-5
ords 814-15, 824-5. 840-1, 842-8
Elk Lick Coal
Elk Lick Limestone r
Elk River 34, 85, 61-62
Elk Sand 302, 804
Elkhorn Coal Corporation:
Index.
Page Elkhom Coal Corporation:
Elkins and Davis Prospect (1087)... 288 £skins and Davis Prospect (1088)... 788
Elkins Electric Railway 7, 421. 422
Elkins Electric Ry. Co, No. 1 Coal
Elkins Pail & Lumber Co 774
Elkins, Population 26
Elkins Quadrangle, Levels 812
Elkins, S. B 480
Elliott, T. T., No. 1 Coal Test (47)
Empire Coal Mining Co., Production 898
Empire Mine 898
England, Jasper, Mine (862).. 106, 509 England, Jasper, No. 1 Coal Test
England, Jasper. No. 2 Coal Test
England, Jasper, Prospect (465)... 247 Engle, Peter S.. Fire Clay Analysis. 752 Engle, Peter S., Fire Clay, Section,
etc 758
Enterprise Silica Sand Co 762
Equitable Window Glass Co 20-21
Ervin, J. C 761
Evansville Syncline 76
Evergreen Section 188-4, 185
Ewing. A. W 4, 6, 728
Ewing Limestone 227
F
Fairmont & Beverly Turnpike 7
Fairmont Quadrangle. 818
Fallon, L T 687
Famer, John 84o
Famsworth, D. D. T. Heirs No. 1
Coal Test (88) 126, 127-8. 414, 415 Famsworth, D. D. T., Heirs, Sandstone Quarry 220
Famsworth, Thomas J., Sandstone
Quarry 205
Faults and Unconformities 77-78
Faunas 782-T90
Features, General S'tructural 70-71
Features, Topographic 62-68
Fell and Stranahan, Mill 771
Ferguson. W. W 468
Fidler and Huff, Mill 770
Fifth Annual Report, Virginia 270
Fifth Sand 802, 804, 809
Fifth Sand, Depth to 816, 841, S85
Fifty-Foot Sand 802, 804, 808
Figures
(See Table of Contents-IHiistrations)
Fincham, John, Coal Test No. 14
Findley Section 164-6. 185
Fink Run 81, 84. 86, 58
Fink Run Section 126, 186
Fire Clay:
Bolivar 848
Clarksburg 20910, 762
Hammond 058, 752
Hardman 256
Lower Kittanning 261, 758
Mt. Savage 668
Thornton 289-40, 762
Upper Kittanning 252-8. 752
Fire Qay 767-9
Fire Clay Analyses 762. 758, 759
First Cow Run Sand 802, 804
First Oological Survey of Pa
Fish, G. W , 414, 419
Fish Teeth 216
Usher, Jacob, Prosoects 182
Flaccus. William. Oak Leather Co. 28-28
Fleming, Brooks. Jr 159
Fleming Coal ft Coke Co. No. 1 Well
Fleminflr, Wallace B 20
Fleminjrton Coal Co 818
Records .814-16. 818-20
Fletcher. O. H.. Water Well 654
Flora Section 109-9. 186
Florence Coal Mining Co.. Mine
Florence No. 2 Mine 892. 898
Conditions. Original:
"Rarbour County 766-7
Unshtir County 769
Foret Condit'ons, IVesent:
Warbour Ounty 767
''andolnh County 775-6
Unshur County 771-2
Fcest Protection Service:
Barbour County 768
Randolph County 776
Unshur County 772
Forests, Barbour County 766-9
Forests. Randolph County 778-6
Forests, Upshur County 769-778
Index.
Formation, Barbour County 9-10
Formation, Randolph County t6
Formation, Upshur County 16
Fossiliferous Members, Tatble Showing Stratigraphic Position of. 779-780 Fossils
274, 881, 288-9, 896, 709, 777-806 Fossils. Invertebrate - from Conemaugh
and Pottsville Series. .777-806 Fossils, Invertebrate, Progress of
Studies 778
Fossils, Index to 806
Fossils, Range and Distribution ... 787-8 Foster, John, No. 1 Well (40)
Fourth Sand 808, 804, 809
Foxgrape Run : 80
Francis, John R., No. 8887 Well
Frecport Coal, Lower
Frceport Coal, Lower
Freeport Coal, Upper
Freeport Coal, Upper
Frceport Iron Ore, Upper 168
Freeport Limestone, Lower. .248-9, 762 Freeport Limestone, Lower
Freeport Limestone, Upper... 248, 848-4 Frceport Limestone, Upper
Frceport Sandstone, Lower 849-861
Freeport Sandstone, Lower
Frceport Sandstone, Upper 844-5
Frceport Sandstone, Upper
Freeport Smokeless Coal Co
Frceport Smokeless Coal Co., No. 1
French Creek 81-2, 84, 35. 69
French Creek Section.. 68, 69, 188, 185
Frcnchton & Arlington R. R 6
Frenchton & Bumsville R. R
Frcnchton Gas Field 868
Frcnchton Oil & Gas Co. ..146, 840, 868 Frcnchton, Oil & Gas Sands, Inter-
Frcnchton Section ..147-8, 188
Frctwell, Oa, Heirs, Mine (5*21;- 21 Friend. Hanson, Heirs, Mine (880).. 666 Fuel, Coal for (Concrete Materials). 761 Fulton Green Shale... 81, 84, 190, lt8 Furnaces, Old Iron Ore 768
Page
Gage Coal & Coke Co., Mine (606)
Cjage Coal & Coke Co., Production..
Gage Coal & Coke Co., Sandstone
Quarry 867
Gage Coal & Coke Co., Sarah Mine
Gage Section 161-8, 186
Gaging Station, Behngton, Description 68
Gaging Station, Belington, Records
Qilt Section 141, 186
Galey and Guffey 889, 840, 842
Gantz Sand 808, 804. 808
Gas and Oil Horizons 800-6
Gas and Oil Horizons of W. Vft. ..808 Gas and Oil Sands. Description. 806-811 Gas and Oil Sands, Intervals, Table 804
Gas Sand of Cairo 808, 804, 806
Gas Sand of Marion 808, 804
Gas Sand of Rosedale. ..308, 804, 806-6
Ckiunt, J. A., No. 1 Coal Test (61). 896
Cieibel, John E., No. 1 Coal Test
General Description:
Barbour County 9-15
Upshur County 16-84
Western Randolph 86-7
Cneral Description and Section:
Allegheny Series 841-8
Conemaugh Series 801-8
Monongabela Series 188-190
Pottsville Series 868-6
Oneral Features (Structurai)... 70-71 (General Sections (Oiapter IV).. 79-187
ecological Society of America Bulletin 888
(George, Taylor, No. 1 Coal Test
CSerwig and Bentley 414
C;erwig and Bentley, Mine (657)... 687 (Gibson, John, No. 4 Coal Test (78)
GiffinV A.* G.,* Mili.' ".'.'.'.. .'. .770 Gilbert Coal
Gilbert Sandstone, Upper
Index.
Gilboy Sandstone
..SB, 89 90, 92, 117, 119, 189, 190l1
Gimmel Coal t8B
Girty 798, 800, 801, 802
Area 10
Brush Creek Coal 988
Buffalo Sandstone 981
Coal Tests 897, 406-6
East Lynn Sandstone 260
Lower Freeport Coal 847
Lower Freeport Sandstone 261
Minable Coals
482-8, 496-0. 618-17, 689-40. 667-8, 651-2, 712 Minable Coals.. (See Minable Coals)
Population 11
Probable Amount of Coal
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas. ..887
Sections 107-9
Well Records 814-16, 887
Glady Creek 82, 88, 86
Glady Fork Lumber Co 774
Glass-Sand 266, 268, 761-8
Glass-Sand. Analirses 762
Qnmtty Creek 80, 88, 86, 66-6
Gnatty Oil Co 889, 840, 842
Coe. N. D 116, 840
Martha, Well 88
(goodwin, Cleophas, Mine (108) 466 Goodwin, Emanuel. Mine (748)
Section 267
Cioodwin, Webster. Heirs, Mine
Sand 802. 804, 808-9
(jordon Sand, Depth to... 816, 841, 886
(Gordon Stray Sand 802, 804. 808
Gould, Aaron. Sawmill 770
Arthur, No. 1 Coal Test
J. F., Heirs, No. 2 Well
Crrafton ft Belington R. R 2-3, 806
Grafton & Oeenbrier R. R 8
Grafton Fuel Co., Production. .892, 898 Grafton Fuel Co., Prospect (468).. 246 Grafton Fuel Co., Prospect (820).. 642
Grafton Sandstone
Grassland Sjmcline 74
167, 889, 840, 878, 879. 880, 881, 882 Careen & Smith No. 1 Well (57A)
Green Contours 66, 800
Green, J. J., Openinflr 225
Green, W. H., Coal Co.. Production . 892 (keen. W. H., Coal Production . 892, 898
Greenbrier Limestone
Sands 802, 806
Greenbrier Limestone Series. .79
Greenbrier Limestone Series, Thidcness
184-7
Greensboro Gas Co
Sis, 814. 881. 888. 884
Griffiths. C. E 840
Grimm No. 1 Well (69B) 840-1. 867 Grimslev, Geo. P.19S. 758, 754, 755. 762
Griswold. W. T 847
Grore, J. H.. Mill 771
Grosscup, Alvtn 21
GrosscuD Brick Yard 766
Grosscun. William. Planinff Mill. 21. 772 Groundhoff Hollow Section
Guffcv and Galtfy 889. 840, 842
Guffey, J. M
Gum Spring Oil ft Gas Co...:
Gurley 801
GHiyandot Sandstone
488, 4S9. 440. 441. 748 Guyandot Sandstone, Lower
Haas, Frank 18
Wells 152, 1684. 8401, 876
Hacker Valley Quadrangle, Levels
Wells 840-1, 848-4. 848
Hackers Creek of Tygart Valley
River 80, 88, 85, 64
Hackers Creek of West Forte River
Haddix & Leading Creek Oil ft (jaa
Co 162. 889, 840
Index.
Page
Hague 540
Hall Coal Co... 314. 897, 400, 401, 560
Hall Coal Co., No. 1 Coal Test (17)
Hali Coai ' Co.,* No.' 1 Weli ' (19) . . '. .
Hall Section 94. 185
Hall Station Section 258
Haller, W. E., No. 1 Coal Test (9)
Haller, W. E.. No. 2 Coal Test (10)
Haller, W. E.. No. 3 Coal Test (8)
Hairs Mill 767
3Q7 403
Hamilton, ' J. ' S.* Mine (680) ! .594 Hammond Fire Clay. 658, 747, 752, 758
Hamrick, Lee A 729, 782, 733
Hamrick, Lee A., Prospect 182
Handy, Jas. 0 720
Hanging Rock 268, 668
Hardin Bros 318, 814, 880, 885
Hardin, G. D 885
Harding, Description 27
Harding Mines Nos. 1, 8, and 5, Production 892, 898
Harding, Population 26
Harding Section 168, 186
Hardman Fire Gay.. 242. 254, 255, 747
Harlem Coal
Harris, Nelson H., No. 1 Coal Test
Harris, William S.. Mine (671) 592 Harrison County (Simpson District)
Section 82
Harrison. H. H 574
Hart Bros, No. 1 Coal Test (108).. 414 Hart Bros. No. 2 Coal Test (102).. 414 Hart Brothers
Hart. J. B 419
Hart Mine (1044).. 715, 725-6, 742, 745 Hartman, J. W., Heirs, Mines (970
Hartridge Black Shale
Hartridge Mine 892. 726-6
Hartridge Section 69, 177-8, 186
Harvey Conglomerate Sandstone. . . .
Hays Coal Co 597
Hefner,' 'Daniel,' 'Mine* ' (959)*. '. .687 Hefner, John, No. 1 Coal Test (95). 414
Helderberg Limestone 811
Helvetia Section 179, 186
Helwig, A. W., No. 6 Coal Test (68)
Hemlock Section 146. 185
Hennen. Ray V ?
Henry, Eari A 891, 486, 607, 697
Henry, J. L.. Lumber Co 22
Highwajrs 7-9
Hill and Brown. Mill 774
Hillyard. Floyd, No. 1 Test
Hillyard, Floyd, No. 2 Coal Test
Himmelrick Lumber Co T76
Hincr, Charles E 868
Hinic'le. Abraham, Mill 770
Index.
Page
Hinkle, Albert, No. 1 Coal Tett
Hinkle, Ithiel, No. 1 Coal Teat (87)
Hinkle Sawmill 770
Hinkle Section 68, 69, 129-80, 186
Hiram Anticline 72-8
Hirsh, H 628, 624
Historical and Industrial Development (Chapter I) 1-27
History, Early Oil aaad Gas:
Randolph Ounty 884
Upshur County 888
History of Randolph County 778
History of Upshur County. 8, 16, 19, 770
History of West Virginia. 18, 19, 26, 764 njf g jj
196. 209,'iio," 217,249, 262. 264, 296. 596, 624. 1%e, 788
Hoffman. Ira 669
Holland Mine 726
Hollen. W. F.. Mill 770
Holly Grove Section 161, 186
Holly Lumber Co... 421, 781, 782, 774 Holly Lumber Co., Coal Test No. 1
Holly Lumber Co., Exposure (1088). 786 Holly Lumber Co., Prospect (1027A).706 Holly Lumber Co., Prospect (1027B) .286 Holly Lumber Co., Prospect (1086 A) .710 Holly Lumber Co., Prospect (1074 A). 729 Holly Lumber Co., Wlater Well
Holt. S. M., No. 1 Well (72). 840-1. 876 Holt. S. M.. No. 2 Well (74). 840-1, 876 Holt, 57. M.. No. 8 Well (78). 840-1. 876
Holt, S. T. H., Brick Plant
Homewood Sandstone
69, 95. 96, 98. 99. 100. 108, 106, 106. 118, 116, 124. 181. 182, 187, 188, 189, 141, 142, 148. 146. 146, 147. 149. 150, 161. 15.S. 165, 167, 161, 162, 163, 166. 166, 167, 170. 172, 180, 181, 241, 242, 255 261, 262, 264, 267-9, 270, 271, 275. 276 281. 287, 802. 822, 381, 418, 566, 692. 593, 618, 619, 620, 621, 684, 635, 651, 652. 653. 654, 666, 658. 669. 660, 664 748, 752, 762
Hope Natural Gs Co
Page
Honey Camp Section 164-6, 186
Horizons, Faunal 779-781
Horizons, Oil and Gas 800-5
Horizons, Oil and Gas, of W. Va. ..809 Hombeck, Anthony, Mine (700) 699 Hombeck, Joseph, Prospect (898)... 672
Horse-Power Developed by Tygart Valley River and Tributary Streams
Horton, A. H 87, 88. 764
Horton ft Padgett 37
Houghton's Mill 770
Hoylman, Joseph 688
Hoyt. W. G 87
Hudkins, ' D.' G.', ' Mine ' (126) ! !. 467
Huff & Fidler Mill 770
Hughes Ferry Coal
69, 166. 158, 166, 169. 170. 178. 176. 176. 177, 182, 266, 886, 286, 877, 881. 894, 896. 421, 424, 426, 427. 488. 484, 486, 487, 488, 489, 441. 708-7, 787, 742, 746 Hughes Ferry Coal. (See Minable CoalsJ
Hull, L. M. and John .660
Hulley. Elkanah 18
Humphreys. A. M., Rec., Brady Coal
Co 892
Humphreys Coal Co., Coal Production 892, 898
Humphreys Colliery Co 563
Humphreys Mine 393
Hutton and Ward. Nos. 1, 2. and S
Coal Tests 421, 442
Area 25
Coal Tests 421. 442
Hartridge Black Shale 889
Minable Coals 674. 710-11, 729-81
Population 26
Probable Amount of Coal
Well Records 888
Hydro-Electric Power 764-5
Hyre. Edwin I.. No. 1 Coal Test (99) 414
larger Coal. Lower
Index.
Pnge
laegcr Sandstone, Middle
Imperial Sand Co., Fire Qay Analy-
Imperial Sand Co, Quarry 866, 761
Imperial Section 186-7. 186
Index to Fossils 806
Indicated Horse-Power Developed by Tygart Valley River and Trftmtary
Streams 766
Industrial and Historical Development ((Chapter I) 1-87
Industries ad Towns:
Barbour County 18-16
Upshur Covnty 19-84
Industry, Lumber:
Barbour County 767
Randolph County 778-6
Upshur County 769-71
International Studio 760
Intervals Above and Below Lower
Kittanning Coal 89
Intervals Above and Below Pittsburgh Coal 88
Intervals, Oil and Gas Sand 804
Invertebrate Fossils from Conemaufl
and Pottsville Series 777-806
Invertebrate Fossils, Progress of
Iron Ore 768-4
Iron Ore Furnaces 768
Iron Ore, Upper Freeport 168
Ishcrwood and Cody 840, 866, 771
Isherwood and Cody, No. 1 Well
Items. Miscellaneous:
Barbour County 9-18
Upshur County 16-18
Western Randolph '. 86-6
Jackson Bros., Sandstone Exposure. .888
Jackson, John, Sawmill T70
Jane Lew Sandstone
Tenkins and Cochran, Mill 771
Jenkins Coal & Cok Co., J. B., Mine
Jenkins Coal & Coke Co., J. B., Production 898. 898
Tenninorston Lumber Co 776
Jesse Run 84, 85, 60
Jesse Run Oil & Gas Co 389, 840
Johnson, F. S 671, 684
Page
Johnstown Cement Limestone
Junior Coal Co 671. 688
Junior. Description 16
Junior. Population 11
Junior Section 116, 186
Kanawha Black Flint
Kanarprha Group 79, 868-884
Kanawhk Cxroup, Description of
Members- 867-884
and Section 868-6
Kane Sand 808. 804
KarickhofF, A., Limestone 199
Kedron Section 148, 186
Keener Sand 808, 804, 807
Keller, L. E 778
v784, 748, 746
Kenney & Hale. Prospect (1079)... 788 Kenney 8c Hale. Prospect (1084)... 788
Key-Rock 64, 66, 66, 71
Keys. W. G 18
Killingsworth ft Marsh. Mine (676). 698 Kimble. Wilbur, Mine (817). . . . ...688
Kingwood Quarries Co 760
Kirk. M. D 486
Kittanning Coal. Lower
aei, 551-640, 787, 7401, 744 Kittanning Coal, Lower
Kittanning Coal, Lower
Kittanning Coal, Lower, Intervals
Above and Below 69
Kittanning Coal, Middle
68, 69, aeO 55l.e4a 787, 740-1, T44 Kittanning Coal, Middle
Kittanning C!oal, Middle
Index.
Page Kittanmng Coal, Upper
Kittanning Coal, Uper
Kittanning Fire Clay, Lower
Kittle's Mill 767
Klinefelter. J. S 606
Klondyke Mine 898, 898
Coal TesU 897. 401
Well Records 814-16, 880-6
Koon, J. K. P., Heirs, No. 1 Well
Koppers, H. Co., Analysis by 686
Krak. J. B
Krebs, C. E 856, 888
"L" 818
Lack of Forest Protection, Upshur
County 778
Lane, Mr 400
Lanirley, C. E 87
Lantz Section 189, 186
Lanrel Branch of Middle Fork Section 178-4, 186
Laurel Creek 33. 85. 68
Laurel Creek Coafl Co., Production . 898
Page
Laurel Creek Mine i 898
Laurel Fork S6
Laurel RMge Section 168-4, 186
Laurel River Lumber Co 774, 775
Laurel Section 168, 186
Lawson, Ira A., No. 1 Coal Test
Lawson, Perry, Limestone Quarry
Layfield, A 88
Layfield Manufacturing Co 88, 778 Leadsville District (Randolph):
Area 85
Coal Testa 481, 480-4
Minable Coals
Population 86
Probable Amount of Coal
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas. .886
Sections 160-4
Well Records 886
Left Fork of Buckhannon River. . .
Left Foric of Middle Fork River...
Left F'ork of Right Foxk of Buckhannon River 84, 86
Leiter Section 166, 186
Lemley. C. McC 881
Leonard Cut Section 216, 880
Leonard, Florence & Olive, No. 7161
Lesley, J. P 800, 251, 861
Levels:
Belington Quadrangle 809-810
Crawford Quadrangle 810-819
Elkins Quadrangle 818
Fairmont Quadrangle 818
Hacker Valley Quadrangle. . .818-814
Philippi Quadrangle 814-816
Pickens Quadrangle 816-817
S ago Quadrangle . . 817-880
Thornton Quadrangle 880-881
Weston Quadrangle 881
Levels Above Meaen Tide, Appendix
Levels, Railroad 806-8
Levels, U. S. G. Survey 809-891
Lewis-CKlmer Report
81. 74, 145. 152.' 196 197. 818. 815. 886, 880, 801. 808, 848, 848. 849, 876, 376, 781, 788, 788, 785, 790, 798
Lewis Sawmill 770
Lewis. Virgil A 18, 19, 86
Lick Run of Middle Fork Section..
Liggett, Aaron Sawmill 770
Liffonier Syncline 74
Lillian No. 1 Mine 898, 898
Index.
Page Limestone:
Ames 281, 788-8
Benwood 108-4
Brush Creek 888-8, 788-5
Campbell Creek 156
Clarksburg 810-18, 758
Eagle 888, 785
Elk Lick 217-18, 758
Ewing ., 887
Greenbrier 896-7, 740, 750, 768
Johnstown Cement 858-6, 758
Lower Ames 881
Lower Cambridge 885
Lower Freeport 848-0, 758
Mahoning 187
Mercer 864
Mona 818
Newlon 881-8, 786
Orlando 816-17, 788
Pine Creek 880, 788
Redstone 197-9, 758
Sewickley 195-8
Uniontown 198
Upper Ames 881
Upper Freeport 848-4
Winifredc 790
Limestone for Crushing 750
Limestone for Macadam 740
Limestones Suitable for Macadam,
List of 749
Lindsay, James, Mine 102
Lingula kanawhensis 878, 289
Lingula umbonata 289
LIngulae Fossils 675, 677
Linton, Wm. Lloyd 788
Little Garksburg
68, 69. 82, 85, 87, 91, 92, 108, 104, 107, 109, 112, 120, 121, 202, 906-9, 210, 211, 895 Little Kanarwha River. .81-2, 84, 85, 61
Little Lime 802, 804, 806
Little Pittsburgh Coal
Little Sand Run 85, 58-9
List of Wells Recording:
Bakerstown Coal 508
Clarion Coal 648
Eagle Coal 698
Hughes Ferry 706
Lower Kittanning Coal 680
Quakertown Coal 674
Upper Freeport Coal 589
Upper Kittanning Coal 550
Upper Mercer Coal 661
Localities, Register of 789-700
Location 1-8
Logan-Mingo Report
Page
Long, Robert 456
Long Run 88, 85, 67
Lost Run of Middle Fork Section . .
Loudin, Nicholas. Prospect (962)... 685 Loudin, N. m Mine (178).. 476, 789, 748
Lower Cambridge Limestone 885
Lower Cedar Grove Sandstone
Lower Clarion Coal 684
Lower Connellsville Sandstone
274-5, 422. 430. 748 Lower Devonian. Oil and Gas Sands
Lower Freeport Coal
Lower Freeport Limestone
Lower Freeport Sandstone
Lower Kittanning Coal
Lower Kittanning Coal, Depth to...
Lower Kittanning Coal, Intervals
Above and Below 69
Lower Kittanning Coal
Lower Kittanning Fire Clay
Index.
Page
Lower Mahoning Sandstone
184, 188. 160, 151, 154, 808, flS8-ta S40, 868, 408, 408, 411, 416, 606, 607, 611, 618, 618, 614, 615, 610, 618, 681, 628. 748
eaa-s, 787. 742, 744
Lower Nuttall Sandstone
156, 188, 866, 88B, 484. 488, 748 Lower Pittaburgfa Sandstone
Lower Wlnifrede Sandstone
100. Ill, 166. 161, 168. 166, 178, 866,
274-8. 488, 480, 748 Luella Coal ft Coke O., Mine (678)
Luella Coal Co., Production ... 898, 898
Luella Mine 898, 898
Lumber Industry:
Barbour County 767
Randolph County 778-6
Upshur County 769-771
Lumber Mills:
Barbour 768-9
Randolph County 778-6, 776
Upshur County 778-8
Lutr Lumber Camp Opening 781
M
Mabic-McQure Lumber Co 776
Macadam and Masonry, Sandstones
Suitable for 747-9
Macadam, Limestone for 749
Macadam, Limestone Suitable for.
Table 749
Magisterial Districts, Minable
by 787
Magisterial Districts, Minable Coals
Mahoning Coal 208,
Mahoning Limestone 187
Mahoning Sandstone. Lower
no. 111, lis, 114. 124, 127, 130, 188,
Mahoning Sandstone, Middle 238-9
Mahoning Sandstone Stage 288-240
Maboning Sandstone, Upper
Main Line, Coal & Coke Ry...5, 807-8 Main Line. Western Maryland Ry
Malcolm, D. Sandatone Quany. .888
Mandell Oil Clo 889, 840, S4S
Mannington Sandatooe 117
Marple, A. J 466
Marquess Anticline 78
Marsh & Killingsworth Mine (676). 698
Martin and Young No. 1 Coal Teat
Martin, £. W 849, 866
Martin's List of Sawmills 774
Maryland Smokeless Cotii Co., Mine
Maryland Smokeless Coal Mine
Masonry Construction, Sandstones
Available for. Table 748
Masonry. Sandstones Available for
Materials, Concrete 760-1
Materials. Road, Chemical Tests.. .761-9 Materials, Road. Table of Analyses. 769
Mathers, J. G 69
Mauch Chunk Red Shale
Mauch CHiunk Series 79, 994-6
Mauch Chunk Series, Oil and Gaa
Sands. 808, 806
Mauch Chunk Series, Thickness. .184-7
Maxton Oil Sand 295. 802. 804, 306
Maxwell and Crawford No. 8 Coal
Maxwell, Qaude W
Maxwell. Oaude W., Mine (1040).. 714 Maxwell. Oaude W., Mine (1048).. 714 Maxwell, Frank. Limestone. . .198, 769
Maxwell Hu 9. 768, 778
Maxwell, John 767
Maxwell, Porter, et al...,818. 814. 894 Maxwell, Porter, No. 8869 Wdl
May. E. H 628. 684
Index.
Page
Masrton Lumber Co 6
Mayton Lumber Co., No. 4908 WeU
E. A., et al 884, 886, 889
Meade Bros I68
Area 17
Brush Creek Coal 880-7
Buffalo Sandstone 881
CoaJ Tests 414. 417-19
East Lynn Sandstone 266-7, 869
Harlem Coal 886
Lower Freeport Coal 247-8
601, 628-7, 646, 689-98. 668-4, 670-8 Minable Coals.. (See Minable Coals)
Population 17
Probable Amount of Coal
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas.
Quakertown Black Slate 274
Sifictions 188-8
Upper Freeport Sandstone 246
Upper Kittanning Fire Oay 262
Well Records 840-1, 869-6
Meadowville Section. 68, 69, 107-8, 186
Meams, William, Mill 770
Mechanical Analyses, River Clay.. 766
Medina White Sand 811
Members, Description of:
Allegheny Series 242-262
Conemaugh Series 208-240
Monongahela Series 100-200
Pottsville Series, Kamvwha CSroup
Pottsville Series, New River Group
Members, Table Showing Stratigraphic Position of Fossiliferous
Meriden Coal Mining Co 660
Meriden No. 1 Mine 802, 898
Meriden No. 2 Mine 898
Mercer Coal, Lower
eea-t, 787, 742, 744
Mercer Coal, Lower.
Mercer Coal, Upper
Mercer Coal, Upper
Mercer Limestone 264
Metallurgical Laboratory 721
Method of Representing Structure. 64-69
Mick. Marion. No. 1 Coal Test (77). 414 Mick, Ony, No. 1 Coal Test (80)... 414
Alma Coal 276, 877
Area 26
Campbell Creek Coal 278
Chilton Coal 875
Coal Tests 481. 480-48
Hartridge Black Shale 888, 289
Minable Coisls
Population 26
Powellton (Brownstown) Coal.. 880 Probable Amount of Coal
707. 711, 786 Prospective Oil and Gas Areas. . .888
Sections 168-181
Sewell "B" Coal 287-8
Well Records 886, 886-8
Middle Fork River 88, 88. 86, 66-7
Middle Fork River. Indicated Horse- Power 766
Middle larger Sandstone
Middle Kittanning Coal
Middle Kittanning Coal
Middle Mahoning Sandstone 888-9
Midland Coal & Coke Co. Mine
Midland Coal ft Coke Cb. Mine
Midvale, Intervals 69
Mileage. Road 9
Mill Creek Coal 290-1
Miller, Andrew, Ufiington Shale 240
Miller Coal ft C:oke C:o 672
Miller, George, Quarry 289
Miller. Jos. J 721
Mills, Lumber:
Barbour County 768-9
Randolph County 778-6. 776
Upshur County 772-8
Minable Coals 894
Minable Coals:
Allegheny Series 608-649
Conemaugh Series 478-502
Monongahela Series 442-478
Pottsville Series, Kanawha Group
Pottsville Series. New River
Group 702-736
Minable Coals by Magisterial Districts 737
44
Index.
Page Minable Coals by MapsteriaA DU-
tricta:
493-6, 602 Elk (Barbour). 89, 202, 229, 396, 403 Glade (Barbour)
Philippi (Barbour). 202. 229, 396, 403 Pleasant (Barbour)
Union (Barbour.) .202, 229, 396, 493 Union (Upshur)
117, 124. 202, 229. 342, 844, 396, Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas). Banks (Upshur)
Ill, 266, 278-9. 896. 077
Castle Cod!.
Huttonsville (Randolph). .710-11, 711 Leadsville (Randolph)
Page
Minable Coals by Magisterial Districts:
Clarion Coal. Meade (Upshur) ... 242, 262, 866, 896 Philippi (Barbour)
140, 141, 242, 262, 895, 046-0, 649 Eagle Coal. Banks (Upshur)
Elk Lick.
Banks (Upshur). . .202, 217, 895, 490 Barker (Barbour)
Elk (Barbour) 202, 217. 895, 480 Glade (Barbour)
Index
Minable Coals by Magisterial Dis' trieta:
Hughes Ferry Coal,
TOttf 707
Lower Mercer Coal.
Meade (Upshur) .. 265, 271, 896, 418 Middle Fork (Randolph). .667-8. 669 Roaring Creek (Randolph)
Union (Upshur) ... 182, 266, 271, 896 Washington (Upshur)
Middle and Lower Kittanning Coal.
3ia B21. 888, 324, 896, 899, 444,
304. 395, 416. 475-7, 478, 488 Quakertown (Coalburgf or IVinifredef) Coal Banks (Upshur)
Index.
Page
Minable Coals by Magisterial Districts:
197, 199, 896, 447-B4, 468. 476 SeweN Coal. Banks (Upshur)
Upper Freeport Coal.
Elk (Barbour)... 203, 242-3. 322, 895 Glade (Barbour)
Page Upper Freeport Coal.
111. 118. 242. 251. 896, 840ul, 660 Buckhannon (Upshur)
539-40, 550 Huttonsville (Randolph). 842. 251. 895 Meade (Upshur)
Index.
Page
Minable Coals by Magisterial Districts:
Ufftr Mtrcer Coai,
Minable Figures Showing:
Bakerstown Coal 491
Castle Coal 708
Clarion Coal 641
Eagle Coal 892
Elk Lick Coal 479
Hughes Ferry 708
Lower Mercer Coal 668
Middle and Lower Kittanning
Coal M2
Pittsburgh Coal 460
Quakertown Coal 671
Redstone Coal 448
Sewell Coal 718
Upper Freeport Coal 604
Upper Kittanning Coal 681
Upper Mercer Coal 660
Mineral Waters 766
Mines, Coal, by Nos. :
Isa 122. 448. 789. 748
Page Mines Coal, by Nos.:
67A and 67B; ,..456
110. Ill, 112. 118, 114. and 115.. 466
150. 151. 152. 158, 154. 155, and 156 472
157. 158, 159, 160. 161. 162, and 168 478
Index.
Page Mines Coal, by Nos.:
3P1 and 382 514
Mines Coal, hy Noa.:
409, 410, 411, 412, 418. and 414.. 521 416. 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421,
'436 and 487 626, 740. 748
and 447 627
AfA , g4 5S2
477. 478. 479. 480. 481, and 482 ! . 588 483. 484, and 486 584
5.<t2. .538, 584, 685. and 686 546
Index.
Pkge Mines CoU by Not.:
60S, 604, 506, and 606 667
65t0. 631, and 688 681
68S, 6S4, 686, 686, and 687 582
Pkge Mines Coal, by Nos.: 734. 785, and 786 609
R02 681
8So
Index.
Page Mines Coal, by Nos.:
84T 148, 664
86lA 660, 742, 744
g9g 672
Mines Coal, by Nos. :
1007, 1008. 1009. 1010, and 1011.. 700 1012, 1013. and 1014 701
Index.
Mines. Coal, Pae References to Detailed Descnptions and Sections 748-6
Mine, Production of Coal and Coke
by 802, 898
Area 88
Coal Tests 421, 448
Minable Coals 781-4
Minable Coals
Population 26
Probable Amount of Coal
Prospective and Gas Areas. . .888
Sections 181-2
Sewell "B" Coal 288
Well Records 888
Minshall Sand 802, 804
Miscellaneous Items:
Barbour County 2-12
Upshur County 16-18
Western Randolph 86-26
Mississippian Period 69, 80, 294-8
Mississiopian, Thickness 184-7
Moats, Isaac. Opening
Moatsville Section 68, 69, 106, 186
Mohawk Smokeless Coal Co... 896, 897
Mona Limestone 212
Monongahela Series ' ViI?
Chapter V 188-200
Description of Members 190-200
General Section 189-90
Minable Coals 4*2-478
Oil and Gas Sands ..808
Thickness 184-7
Monongalia-Marion-Taylor Report.. 64. 72. 74, 75. 191, 211. 212, 282, 262, 265 301. .320. 830 Monthly Discharge Measurements, Tygart Valley River:
Montrose Coal Co., Klinefelter Mine
Moore, AlfrVd'.'Mine (18). 475 Moore! Alfred, Mine (?1. . . . .112, 208 Moore and Gawthrop Mine W)...
Moire,* J. B.,' '& Son. Mill 774
Page Moore-Keppel & Co.:
Lumber Mill 774, 776
Moore-Keppel & Cx)., R. R. Exposure (939) 141, 682
Moreland, WUliam, Mine (688)... 581 Moreland. William. Mine (828)... 646
Morgan, Ashley, No. 1 Coal Test
Morgan, Zedekiah, Sawmill 770
Morgantown and Beverly Turnpike... 7
Morgantown Sandstone
Morribell Lumber Co 774
Morrill Coal Co 562
Morrison. Lee. Limestone 198
Moundsville Sand 802, 804
Mount Savafge Fire Clay
Mt. Hope Coke Co 720
Munn,* Chas. D., No. 1 Coal Test
Murphy, Alonro W., No. 1 Well
Murphy Sand 802, 304
Me.
McCartney, Russell, No. 1 . 814-16, 884-6
McCkuiey,* E. C, No. 1 Coal Test
McCwiley, 'Ephraim, Mine (960)... 886 McCauley, J. A. 441
McCaulcy, J. A., Coal Test No 1
McCauley, J. A., Mine (888). 181. 859 McCauley, John. Mine (85).. . ...869
McCaule: R. T., Mine (966) 181 686 McClain and Ridgeway Mine (802). 497 Mcaure, Tyson ft Trvin. Mtll. . . . ..774
McCormick- Wilson -Butts No. 1
Index.
McCoy's Mill 707
McDadc, Wm 165, 778
McDaniel, E. E., No. 8 Coal Test
McDanlel, Ludnda, Hcirt, No. 1
McDaniels, Atn-aham, Hein, Mine
McDaniels. Abraham, Mine (84)... 468 McDermott, James, Mine (087) 580 McDonald, Abe. No. 1 Coil Teat
McDonald ?and 808, 804, 808
McKinney, W. D. and T. G., Mine
McLaughlin and Smith 768, 769
N
Naiaatei 874, 989
Naiadites elongate
Natural Gas Horizons 800-6
Natural Gas Horizons of W. Va...808 Natnral Gaa Sand Intervals, Table. 804 Natural Gm Sands. Description . 806-11
Nay. John, Sandstone Quarry 868
Nedy and Spavling 840
Nestor, Charles, No. 1 Test
Nestor, R. M 886
Nestorville Section 104-6, 180
Newberry, J. S 888
Newberry. Wm. B 788
Newcomfc, J. P., Mine (608)... 94, 667 Newcomer Coal Co., Mine (884).. 484-6 Newcomer Coal 0>., Production 898
Newcomer Mine 898
New Interest District (Randolph), Well Records and ProspeetiTe
Areas 886, 889
New River Group 78
Deaeription of Members 884*298
General Description 884
Minable Coals 708-780
Newlon, G. A. Heirs, Prospect
Newlon Limestone and Shale
ISA. 177, 178, 180, 181, 806, 881-tt, 747. 780. 78C 787, 788, 789, 790
Newlon Section 165-7, 180
Newman, Nelson, No. 1 Coal Test (18) 897, 401
Niagara Limestone 811
Nicholas, William, Mine (789) 607 Nicola, Martin, No. 1 Coal Test
Nicola Mill 707
No. 8 Gas Coal ..
091, 787, 748. 744-6 No. 8 Gas Minable Norman, Arden, Mine (86)
Normantown Coal
Northern Division, Coal ft Oske Ry..6
Nose of Fold, Definition 04
Notes on the Paleontology of Area
Nuttall Sandstone
Nutter and Core Quarry ...244
O'Brien Section 114, 186
Offtttt F. M 68
O'Hara and Story 840
Ohio-Brooke-Hancodc Report 198
Ohio Deep Sands, Depth to 811
Ohio Geological Survey 881
Oil and Gas Horizons 800-6
Oil and Gas Horizons of W. Va...802 Oil and Gas Sand, Intervals, Table. 804 Oil and Gas Sands, Description . 805-811
Old Iron Ore Furnaces 788
OUphant, F. 808
O'Neal Oil ft Gas Co 818, 814, 8S0
Order of Production of Coal by
Ordinary County Roads 8-9
Ore-Bodies, Possible 788-4
Ore, Iron 788-4
Ore, Iron, ete., (Chapter XIII). 758-770 Original Forest Conditions:
Barbour County 760-7
Upshur County 769
Oriskany Sand 86, 811
Orlando Limestone
Osborne, James O., Prospect (898). 078 Osborne, Warwick, Mine (789) 610 Ours, I. C, Heirs, No. 1 CotA T6st
Index.
Page
Overfield Section 68, 69, 85-6. 186
Overhill Section 181, 186
Owens Bottle Machine Co
Ssq. 840, 867
Owners of Wells 814, 840, 385
Padgett and Horton 87
Page. A. D 636
Page References to Detailed Descriptions and Sections of Coal
Mines 748-6
Palace Valley Section 169-60, 186
Paleozoic Age 79
Panther Fork 86, 59
Pardee & Curtin Lumber Co 774
Parker, G. L
Parker, R. H 485
Parkersburg & Staunton Turnpike 7
Parsons Pulp & Lumber Co. Mill... 774 Parsons Pulp & Lumber Co. Well. . .811
Part I— History and Physiography . 1-68
Part n— Stratigraphy 64-299
Part ITI— Mineral Resources. . .800-776
Part IV— Paleontology 777-805
Patton, Leicester 696
Pavinflr Brick Manufacture, Stratified Shales Suitable for 746-747
Paving Brick Manufacture, Stratified Shales Suitatble for. Table of. 747 Peck Edward H., Mine (874).. .. ..664
Pecks Run 84, 5, 58
Pecks Run Section 121, 186
Peebles, Patrick, Sawmill 770
Peeltree Section 01-2, 186
Pembroke Tunnel 267
Peneplains 88-29. 82
Pennsylvania, Beverly fit Morgantown Turnpike
Pennsylvania Coal & Mining Co. ...648 Pennsylvania Consolidated Coal
Pennsylvania Oil ft Gas Co. 889. 840. 844
Pennsylvamian Period 79, 80
Pennsylvanian, Thickness 184-7
Pepper Section 87, 186
Perley ft Crockett Lumber 774
Permo-Carboniferous Period 79, 80
Personal Property Valuations:
Barbour County 12
Upshur County
Perwein, R
Peterson & Walters 61
Petroleum and Natural Gas
Petroleum and Natural Gas
Phares, Frank, Protpect (1056) 718 Philippi and Budchannon Turnpike.. 8
Philippi Coal ft Mining Co 560
Philippi. Description 18-14
.Area 10
Buffalo Sandstone 280-1
Coal Tests 897, 400-1
East Lynn Sandstone 256, 259
Johnstown Cement Limestone. .. .254
Lower Freeport Sandstone 250
Minable Coals
Minable Coals
Population 11
Probable Amount of Coal
altiiburg Sandstone 228
Sections 96'-100
Well Records 814-15, 828-9
P'i1inpi Foundry ft Machine 14
PhiMnni, Intervals. Oil and Gas
Sands 804
PHilinri. Population 11
Phil'nni Ouadrangle, Levels 814-815
Pilinni Section 68, 69. 97-9, 186
Pilinni Tile ft Brick Co... 14, 762, 754
PViilinni Well No. 2 97
P-i'lmni Woolen Milt Co 14
Phillins Brothers Mill 771
Pniins, B. W. Mill 770
Phillips. Haren, No. 2668 Well (61)
Phillips. Hazen, No. 2659 Well (60)
Phillios, J. J.. No. 1. Coal Test
PmVns. John 447
pvillmp, Wm. J., No. 8 Coal Test
Pillis, Wm.. No. 2 Coal Test
Piiv:cal Prooerties. Brick Gay 756
P*iv<'o?n"aphic Changes 28-82
PirVens 9- Hcker Valle* R. R 4-5
PicVenA ft Vandervort Well No. 1
P'cVcns ft Webster ffprines R. R 5
Pickens Branch. B. ft O. R. R..S-4. 806
PicVens, Intervals 69
prVnq. James. Heirs. Prospect
T),virpr> ntiadrano'le. Ievels. .. .815-817
Pictail Rtm flection 82. 186
Pin Crrek Limestone
Index.
Page
Piracy. Stream M-SS
Pittsburgh & W. Va. Gas Co
Pittsburgh Coal
SO, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 74, 76, 81, 82, 83, 86, 87. 88, 90, 91, 92, 101, 108, 112, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 128, 126, 190, 191,* 192, 194, 195, 196. 197, 198, 199, 800, 208, 204, 206, 212, 216, 217, 219, 221, 222, 229. 28S. 808, 804, 806, 806, 810, 816, 817, 818, 821, 828. 324, 881, 882, 888, 884, 890, 894, 896, 897, 398. 899, 400. 414, 416, 444, 480- 478, 488, 787, 780. 748
Pittsburgh Coal
Pittsburgh Coal, Intervals Above
and Below 68
Pittsburgh Coal, Little
Pittsburgh Red Shale
Pittsburgh Sandstone, Lower
Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory
Pittsvein Coal Co 818
Pittsvein Coal Co., No. 1 Well (7)
Plants, Brick 758-6
Plate XLIV, Description 804
Piatt, FrmilcHn 201, 251, 268
Piatt, Messrs 817
Pleasant Creek 88, 85. 58
Area W
Coal Tests 897, 899
East Lynn Sandstone 256, 259
Harlem Coal 222
Lower Frecport Coal 245-6
Minable Coals
Minable Coals
Population H
Probable Amount of Coal
Saltsburg Sandstone 227
FTections 81-4
Well Records 814-15, 315-821
Pleasant Valley Coal Mining Co... 486
Pleistocene Period 79
Pocono Oil and Gas Sands 802. 807
Pocono Sandstone Series 79, 297-8
Pocono. Thickness 184-7
Point Pleasant. Buckhannon & Ty-
gart Valley R. R 8. 807
Point Pleasant, Buckhannon & Ty- Kart Valley R. R., Burnersville
Poling. Hess 897
Poling. Tames, No. 1 Coal Test (81)
Pbge
Pool-Townsend Coal Co 467
Pope, John Russell 761
Population:
Barbour County Villages 16
Randolph 2€
Randolph County Villages 27
Upshur County 17
Portage Oil and Gas Sands.. 802. 809-10
Porter Sand 802
Position of CfM\ Seams, Relative... 896 Position of Fossiliferous Members, Table Showing Stnrtigrsphie.. 779-780
Post. Geo. W.i No.' 8 Coal Teat (4)
Post, Ira 824
Post, Ira, No. 1 Well (11). .814-15. 824 Post, Ira, No. 2 Well (12) .. 814-16, 824 Post, Isaac. Heirs. Limestone Exposure 218
Postal Service. Barbour 12
Post-Offices, Barbour County 12
Post-Offices Upshur County 18
Pottsville Series 79
Clhapter VIII 268-298
Invertebrate Fossils From 777-805 Minable Coals, Kanawha Group. .
Minable Coals, New River Group
Oil and Gas Sands 302, 805-6
Thickness 184-7
Power, Water- 764-5
Present Forest Conditions:
Barbour County 767
Randolph County 775-6
Upshur County 771-2
Index.
55
Fage
Present Formation 79
Preston County Report
Price Bottling Co SS
Price, J. M B8
Price, Wm. Armstrong
162, 880, S70, 881, 889, 890, 777, 788,
789, 790, 799 Pringle, Jesse, Mine (694)
Pringle, John and Samuel 769
Pringle's Mill 770
Probable Amount of Coal Available:
Bakerstown Coal 509
Castle Coal 7U
Qarion Coal 649
Eagle Coal 698
Elk Lick Coal 490
Gilbert Coal 708
Hughes Ferry Coal 707
Lower Mercer Coal 669
Middle -and Lower Kittasining
Coal 640
Pittsburgh Coal 478
Quakertown Coal 674
Redstone Coal 458
Scwell Coal 785
Upper F'report Coal 589
Upper Kittanning Coal 560
Unper Mercer Coal 661
Producing Sands S16, 841, 386
Production, and Coke, 1906- 1916 891
Production of Coal by Counties, Order 891
Production of Coal & Cokt by Mines,
Production of Coal & Coke by Mines,
Production. Statistics of Coal 890-4
Products Barbour County 11-12
Products, Randolph County 86
Prc'iicts, Un5!hur County 17-18
Productus nebrapcensis 884
Proirress of Studies of Invertebrate
Pronerty Valuation:
Barbour County 18
Unshur County 18
Prosnective Oil and Gas Areas:
Huttonsville District (Randolph). 888 Leadsville District (Randolph). ..886
Protection Service, Forest:
Barbour County 768
Randolph County 776
Upshur County 778
Pumpkintown Section 167-8, 187
Quakertown Black Slate
100, 161, 168. 170, 866, 278-4b iSd, 488, 480, 670, 747, 768. 759, 780, TM, 787, 788, 789. 798, 794. 796, 804
Quakertown Coal ,..,
Quakertown Coal
Quakertown "Jtldet" Coal
168, iS66, 973, 874, 896. 488, 670 Quantity of Coal Available:
Bakerstown Coal 608
Castle Coal .711
Harion Coal 648-9
Eajl* Coal 697-8
Elk Lick Coal 489-90
Gilbert Coal 701-8
Hughes Ferry Cbal 706-7
Lower Mercer Coal 668-9
Middle and Lower IQttanning
Coal 689-40
Pittsburgh Coal 477-8
Ouakertown Coal ,674
Redstone Coal 468
Coii 784-5
Unper Freenort CoaK 688-9
Upper Kittanning Coal
Upper Mercer CobI , 660-1
Ouarries, Glass-Sand .761-8
Quarries, Sandstone
Ouaternarv Age 79
Oueen, Intervals. Oil and Gtes Sands. 804
Queen, P 596
Queen Section 68, p9, 148-8, 187
Radabausrh. Houston 477
Rafferty Farm Exposure 168
Alexander & Eastern .'808
B. 8i O. Brrvburg Bramch . ; 807
B, & O., Burnersville Branch. .. .807
B. & O., G. ft B. Branch .806
B. & O.. Pickens Branch /806
B. & O.. Pt. PI., B. ft'Ti'V. Branch , v; '.-. .807
Index.
Railroad Lereb:
Coal & Coke 807-8
Western Maryland, Main Line... 808 Western Maryland, Weaver
Railroads, Dates of Building 774
Railroads, Electric 7
Railroads, Fteam 2-7
Raine- Andrews Lumber Co 774
Raleigh County Report 790, 800
Raleigh Polio No. 77 286, 287
Raleigh Sandstone, Upper
leo, 164, 167. 169, 171, 174. 176, 182, 266, 290, 291, 292-8, 808, 806, 880, 428, 430, 481, 432, 484, 486, 486, 488,
Rand, McNadly ft Co., Commercial
Atlas 24
Randolph and Davis 92, 814, 826
Area 26
Coal Analyses 789-42
Coal and Coke Production, 1906-
Coal and Coke Production by
Mines 892, 898
Coal Test Records 420-442
Coal Tests, STummarized 420-1
Coal Tests, Table 421
Formation 25
Forests 773-6
General Description 25-27
Intervals Above and Below Lower
Ktttanning Coal 69
Miscellaneous Items 26-26
Population 26
Population, Villages 27
Products 26
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas. .
Relief 2526
Road Materials, etc., Analyses. .752
Roads, Mileage 9
Sections 160-182
Summarized Record of Wells. . .384-5 Thickness of Stratified Rocks. . .184-7
Towns 26-27
Villages 27
Well Records and Prospective
Areas 886-9
Randolph, Edmund 25
Range and Distribution of Fossils. .787-8 Ranwood Lumber Co. Exposure
Rayburn. John M 104
Real Estate, Valuation of:
Barbour County 12
Upshur County 18
Recent Period 79
Records, Coal Tests:
Barbour County 396-412
Randolph County 420-442
Upahur County 418-419
Records, Coal Tests, Summarized Table:
Barbour County 897-8
' '- Randolph County 421
Upshur County 414
Page
Records, Summarized Well:
Barbour County 814-15
Randolph County 886
Upshur County 840-1
Records, Well, and Prospective Areas:
Barbour County 311-338
Randolph County 884-9
Upshur County 888-883
Rector, M., No. 1 Well 820
Red Contours 65
Red Rock Fuel Co 418, 414, 415
Red Rock Fuel Co., Production. 892, 898
Red Rock Mine 892, 898
Redstone Coal
SO, 65. 68, 81, 82, 85. 87, 88. M 91. 92. 117. 119. 120. 121. 122, 128. 126, 190, 196. 197, 198, 199, 204, 846. 890. 394, 896 414. 416. 442.8, 466, 476. 787, 739, 748
Redstone Limestone
Reeder, Joseph. No. 1 Coal Test
References, Pasre, to Detailed Dcscrintions and Sections of Coal
Mines . . . . # 748.5
Reforestation, Areas Suitable for:.
Barbour Countv 768
Randolph County 775-6
Upshur County 775
Reeer, D. B
Reger, Henry. STawmill 770
Reger, I. S., Spring H7
Reger, Isaac S., Limestone 199
Reger, Isaac .S.. No. 1 Well (41)... 116, 117-18. 340-1, 844-5, 508, 529. 639. 648. 661
Reger, Marcellus, Limestone 916
Reger. Montaville, Heirs, Sandstone
Quarry S98
Redster of Localities 789-790
Relative Position of Coal Seams 896
Relief. Ban-bour County 10-11
Relief, Upshur County 17
Relief, Western Randolph 25-26
Rcppert, H. L 466
Representing Structure, Method of. 64-9
Residual Clay 756
Index.
Page
Rexroad, R. B 877, 665
Rich Mountain Coal Co
Rich Mountain Coal Co., Production.. 808 Rich Mountain, Coal Openings on
Rich Mountain Conglomerate 898
Ridgeway, William 517
Right Branch of Gnatty Creek Section 182, 187
Right Bros,. G. M. & C. C. Mine
Right Fork of Buckhannon River...
Right Fork of Little Kanawha River
Right Fork of Middle Fork River
Right Fork of Stonecoal Creek. . . .
Riley. M. D., Mine 468
'iver and Creek Gravels 751
River Clay, Analyses 752, 756
River Terrace Deposits 79
Road Materials, Chemical Tests.. 751-2 Road Materials, Table of Analyses. .752
Roads, Ordinary County :.8-9
Roaring Creek 88, 84, 54
Area 86
Coal Tests 421, 424-0
East Lynn Sandstone 258. 260
Lower Freeport Sandstone 251
Minable Coals
648-0, 620-88. 647-8. 658, 667, 678, 681-8. 698, 704. 714-15 Minable Coals... (See Minable Coals)
Population 86
Probable Amount of Coal
550 640, 640, 661. 674. 601, 608, 707, 786 Prospective Oil and Gas Areas . . 386
Quake town Blank Slate 278
Sections 164-8
Well Records 886
Roaring Creek Junction Section
Soaring Creek Sandstone 868
Robinson. Bradford. No. 1 Coal
Robinson. J. F.. et al...306. 808, 406
Rocks, Stratified, Thickness of 184-7
Rogers, H. D 188, 100. 194, 107. 888
Rogers, W. B 870
Rohrbough, B. B 754
Rohrbough, Burton, Fire Qay. . . .
Roof Shale of Upper Mercer Coal . . .
Rooting Creek 88, 85, 56
Rosencrants Heirs, Prospect (001).. 604 Rosier, .Allie, No. 1 Coal Test (80) .
Ruraldale Anticline 71-2
Ruraldale .<7ection 120-1, 187
R. F. D. Routes. Barbour County... 12 R. F. D. Routes. Upshur County 18
Rusmisell, Dr. Coooer. Mine (282). 486 Ryan, E. B., Coal Test No. 4 (57) . . 308, 409-10
Sago Quadrangle, Levels 817-820
Sago .<ection 68, 69, 184-6, 187
Salina Sand 311
Salt Sand of Cairo 302. 804, 305
Sand of Rosedale 302, 804, 806
Saltsburg Sandstone
Samp Section 181, 187
Sand, Available 762-3
Sand, Glass 761-8
Sand, Glass, Analysis 762
Sand Run 84, 85, 58
Sand Run Section 140-1, 187
Sandridge, Lee J 586, 561
Sandridge, Lee J., Coal Co 829
Production 302, 303
Sands. Oil and Gas:
Balltown 802, 804, 811
Bayard 808, 304. 309
Beckett .802
Benson 808, 804, 810
Berea , 802, 804, 807
Big Dunkard 802, 804
Big Injun 802, 804, 807
Big Lime 802, 804, 806
Big Lime of Ohio 811
Bradford? 802, 804, 810
Burning Springa 802, 804
Cairo 802, 806
Carroll 802. 804
Cherry Grove 802
Clarendon 808, 804
Clinton 811
Index.
Page
Sands, Oil and Gas:
Cooper SOS
Comif eroua Limeatone Sll
Dawson 802
Deer Lick 802
Elizabeth 808, 804, 800
Elk 802, 804
Fifth 808, 804. 800
Fifty-Foot 802, 804, 808
First Cow Run 802, 804
Fourth 802, 804, 800
Gas, of Cairo 802, 804. 806
Gas, of Marion 302, 804
Gas, of Rosedale 802, 804, 805-6
Gordon 302. 804. 808-0
Gordon Stray 802, 804, 808
HelderberK Limestone 811
Kane 808, 804
Keener 802, 804, 307
Little Lime 802, 804. 80f
Maxton..., 802, 804, 806
Medina White 811
Minshall 802, 304
Moundsville 802. 804
Murphy 802. 804
Niaarara Limestone 811
Oriskany 811
Porter 802
Salina 811
Salt, of Cairo 802. 804, 806
Salt, of Rosedale 802. 804, 806
5?econd Cow Run 802, 304 805
Seventh 802, 304. 300
Sheffield 302, 304
Sixth 302, 304, 309
Specchley 302. 304
.Squaw 802, 304, 807
Thirty-Foot 302, 304. 808
Tiona 802
Trenton 811
Warren First 302, 304
Warren Second 302, 804
Weir 802. S04 307
Sanrls. Oil and Gas, by Series:
Catskill 302, 308-9
rhcmunar 302. 309-10
Toncmauffh 302
Creenbrir Limestone 302. 306
T ower Devonian 310-11
Mauch Chunk 302, 306
Monongabela 302
Pocono Sandstone 802, 807
Portape Beds 308. 309-10
Pottsv'lle 302. 306-6
anHs. Oil and Gas. Depth to Deen. .311
*Jnnd. Oil and Gas. Description . 305-81 1
Sandstone:
Amoldsbrug 192-8
Brownstown 279
Buffalo 280-2
Ce-lprville 196-7
Clarion 22
ripveland 153, 155
Conncllsville 206
Decota 282
Eagle 280
5ast Lynn 255-260
Gilboy 190-1
Sandstone :
Grafton 810-281
Guyandot 287
Harvey Conglomerate 8841
Homewood 267-9
Jane Lew 228
Lower Cedar Grove 276
Lower Connellsville 213-213
Lower Freeport 249-251
Lower G?uyandot 288
Lower Mahoning 288-9
Lower Nuttall 286
Lower Pittsburgh 808-4
Lower Sewickley 106
Mannington 117
Middle larger 286
Middle Mahoning 238-0
Morgantown 216
Nuttall 284-5
Saltsburg 827-0
Uniontown 191
Upper Odar Grove 275
Upper Connoquenessing 271-8
Upper Freeport 244-6
Upper Gilbert 288
Upper Mahoning 288-9
Upper Sewickley 194
Uoper Winifrede 158
Wapynesburg 90, 92, 117. 190
Welch 291
Weston 197
Sandstone, Analyses 762
.*Nandstone for Crushing 750
Sandstones Available for Masonry
and Macadam 747-9
Sandstones Available for Masonry
Construction, Table of 748
Sandusky Cement Co 728
Sandy Creek 88, 86, 68
Sandy Creek, Indicarted Horse-Power
Developed by 766
Scrannage Well 820
Second Cow Run Sand... 302. 804, 805
Second (jeological Survey of Penna. ...217, 218, 229, 280, 282, 288, 269
Sections :
Adma 100. 184
Adolph 69, 175-6, 184
Alexander 68, 69. 137-8, 184
Arden 96, 184
Arlington 68, 69. 148-9, 184
Arnold Run 90-91, 184
Arvondale Junction 180, 184
Astor 68, 69, 81, 184
Audra 96. 184
Beans Mill 187. 184
Bear Knob 68. 69, 117-18, 184
Index.
Page Sections:
Beech Lick 89-90 184
Belington 68, 69, 112-18, 184
Berryburg 82-8, 184
Berryburg Junction 83-4, 184
Big Laurel Thicket 176, 184
Big Run 118-19, 184
Boulder 268-4
Buckhasinon 68, 69, 126-8, 184
Canaan 161-2, 184
Cassity 69, 170-1, 184
Cassity Fork 172, 184
Century 68, 69, 92-4, 184
Charity Fork 122-8, 184
Clements 110-111, 184
Qeveland 68, 69. 168-4, 185
Colebank 68, 69, 101-S, 186
Cow Run 149-150. 185
Craddock 68, 69, 157-8, 185
Cutright Run 128-9, 185
Czar 178, 185
Danville 104, 186
Elk City 68, 69, 89, 185
Evergreen 188-4, 185
Findley 164-5. 185
Fink Run 126, 185
Flora 108-9. 186
French Creek 68, 69. 188, 185
Frenchton 147-8, 185
Gage 161-2, 186
Gale , 141, 185
Goodwin 267
Groundhog Hollow 119-120, 185
Hall 94. 185
Hall Station 258
Hirrd'ng ., 163, 186
Hartridge 69, 177-8, 185
Helvetia 179, 185
Hemlock 146, 185
Hinkle 68, 69, 129-180, 185
Holly Grove 151, 185
Honey Camp 154-5, 186
Imperial 136-7. 186
. Junior 116, 186
Kedron 142, 186
Intz 132. 186
Laurel 162. 186
Laurel Branch of Middle Fork...
Laurel Ridge 163-4, 186
Leitcr 165, 186
Leonard Cut 216, 220
Lick Run of Middle Fork... 169. 186 Lost Run of Middle Fork.. 168-9, 186
Meadowvillc 68, 69, 107-8, 186
Midvale 69
Moatsville 68, 69. 106. 186
Nestorville 104-5, 186
Newlon 166-7, 186
O'Brien 114 186
Overfield 68. 69, 85-6, 186
Overhill 181, 186
Palace Valley 69, 159-160, 186
Pecks Run 121, 186
Peeltrce 91-2, 186
Pepper 87, 186
Pickens .69
Pigtail Run 82. 186
Pumpkintown 167-8, 187
Oueen 68, 69, 142-8, 187
Reger 180. 187
Fage Sections:
Right Branch of Gnatty Creek...
Roaring Creek Junction. 69, 166-7, 187
Ruraldale 120-1, 187
Sago 69, 184-6, 187
Samp 181, 187
Sand Run 140-1, 187
Silica 181, 187
Skidmore 115-116, 187
Smith Cut 814
Stewart Run, North Branch.. 86, 187 Stewart Run, South Branch. 87-8, 187
Stillman 150, 187
Stockerts 189-140. 187
Stonecoal Run 84-5, 187
Sunny Point 148-5, 187
Swamp Run 181, 187
Tenerton Station 228
Tenmilc 188-9, 187
Trout Run 179, 187
Turkey Run 188-5, 187
Tygart Junction 99, 187
Waneta 182, 187
Wilmoth Ford Ill, 187
Yokum 182, 187
Sections, General:
Allegheny Series 242
Barbour County 81-116
Chapter IV 79-187
Conemarugh Series 202-8
Monongahela Series 189-190
Pottsville Series, Kanawha Group
Pottsville Series, New River Group.266
Randolph County 160-182
Summary 182-7
Summary. Table 184-7
Upshur County 116-160
Webster County 181-8
Sections, Geologic, by Districts:
Sellars. Col., Mill 771
Semi-Centennial History of W. Var.764 Service, Forest Protection:
Barbour County 768
Randolph County 776
Upshur County 772
Service, Postal, Barbour County 12
Service. Postal, Upshur County 18
Seth Limestone 785
86o
Index.
Pkge
Seventh Sand 808, S04 809
Sewell "B" Coal
Jewell Coal
Sewickley Coal
Sewickley Limesfone
Sewickley Sandstone, Lower
Sewickley Sandstone. Upper
84. 87. 90. 92. 117, llO, 122, 190. 198, 104. 195, 748
Shale:
Ames 221
Annabelle 191
Birmingham 218-210
Bolivar Fire Clay 248
Brush Creek 282-8
Clarksburg Fire Oay 209-10, 758
Clarksburg Red 214
Douglas 786
Fulton Green 198
Hammond 752
Hardman Fire Clay 255
Hartridge Black 288-290
Kanawha Black Flint 270-1
Mauch Chunk Red
Newlon 281-2
Pittsburgh Red 227
Ouakertown Black Slate 278-4. 752
Thornton Fire Qay 889-40, 752
Uffington 240
Upper Kittanning Fire Qay
Shale, Analyses 752
Shales. Stratified 756-7
Shales, STtratified, Suitable for Paving Brick Manufacture. 746-7
Shales. Stratified, Suitable for Plaving Brick Manufacture, Table of. .747
Sharon Conglomerate 898-8
Sheffield Sand 808, 304
Shockey. Frank, Hir8, Coal Tests
Shockey, Ira Mine (1061). 716, 749, 745 Shomoe, Columbus. Mine (621)
Shuttle worth's Mill '. 767
Silica Sand Co.:
Quarry , .868, 761-8
Silica Section 181. 187
Simon. A. D 188, 414. 416. 418
imnson Creek 80, 88, 86, 55
Simpson District (Harrison Sect'on.82 District (Harrison) Wells.
Singleton, J. J 846. 849, 866
Sivad No. 6 Mine (808)... 808, 893. 681 Sivad No. 5B Mine (801). 680. 741, 744
Sixth Sand 808, 804, 809
Skidmore Section 115-116. 187
*riley. " John, Sawmill 778
Smith & McLaughlin 758. 759
Inimb3C
Page
Smith Cut Section 814
Smith, Floyd G
S40-1, 864-6, 608, 680. 680
Smith, Philip, Heirs, Exposure (66). 466 Smith, Philip, No. 1 Coal Test (81). 414
Smith, Rudy & Co 786
Smoot Lumber Co.. Mill 771
Snyder, Wm., Sandstone 881
South Buclchannon, Description 88-4
South Buckhannon, Population IT
South Penn Coal Co 107. 807
South Penn Oil Co 880, 840
Southern Coal & Transportation Co. 468
Sparling 840
Sparling & Ncely 840
Species, Descrintion of '...700-808
Speechley Sand 808, 804
Spencer, A. B 578
Spies. Henry. . ." 4
Spirifer 870
Spirorhis Fossils 100, 854
Split Rode 857
Sqnaw Sand 808, 804, 807
Stalnaker, Alonzo, No. 1 Coal Test
Stalnaker. Reginar A., No. 1 Coal
Stalnaker, S. B., No. 1 Coal Test
Starcher. Enoch 848
Starcher, W. S., No. 2571 Well (38
State Auditor 12. IR
State TJoad Engineer 0
State Window Glass Co 20
.StatiKticA of Coal Production 800-4
Steam Railroads 2-7
Steele. George M., et al 418. 414
Steele. George M., No. 1 Coal Test
Page
Stevenson, John J
188, 108, 106, 107, 806, 816, 818, 887 Stewart Run (Northern Branch)
Section 88, 187
Section 87-8, 187
Stillman Section 160, 187
Stipe. Cniars. R., No. 1 Coal Teat
Stone, AvaUable 760-1
Stone. Building 760-1
.Stockert Brothers Planing Mill 88
Stockert. G. F., Mill 770-1
Stockerts JTection 180-40, 187
.Stonecoal Creek 80-1
Stonecoal Gas Field 840
Stonecoal Run Section 84-5, 187
Stonr O'Hara 840
Strader, Sawmill 770
Strader, J. W.. No. 1 Coal Test (80)
Strader, J. W., No. 8 Coal Test (88)
Strnder. Simon T., No. 1 Coal Test
Stratified Rodcs, Thickness of, Ta-
We *?owtnff 184-7
.Stratified 'ates 766-7
Sfattfi'd c|,8V, Suitable for Paving Brick Manufacture 746-7
c'ales =suitable for Paving Bride Manufacture. Table of. .747 StratiV-anhc Pbttinn of Fos!iHfron
Members. Table Showing. 770-780 Stratigrrnfnbv:
"f -ecivfsinntan Devonian Rocks (Cbanter TX') 804-0
Part TT 64-800
fTtream Canture 80-88
Stream Data-. Table of 88-4
Stream Piracv 80-82
Streams. Available 764-5
Streams. Ind'cated Horse-Power of. 765 Street, George, Heirs, Mine (818A).648
Strike, Definition 64
Index.
Pkge
STtructure Contours, Green 65, 200
Structure Contours, Red 66
Structure. Detailed 70-78
Structure, Method of Representing. 64-69
Studies of Invertebrarte Fossils,
Sturges, T. B 489
Sugar Creek 82, 88, 84, 86, 68
Sugarr Fork of Turkey Run 80
Summarized Record of Tests for Oil and Gas:
Barbour County 814-815
Randolph County 885
Upshur County 8f 0-1
Barbour County 812-816
Randolph County 884-5
Upshur County 889-842
Summarized Records of Coal Tests:
Barbour County 897-8
Randolph County 421
Upshur County 414
Summary of Available Coa! 786-7
Summers, Mr 886
Summersville & Slaven Cabin Turnpike 8
Sunny Po'nt Section 143-5, 187
Swamp Run Section 181. 187
.Swrcker. Oco 92, 826, 478
Swecker, Samuel, Coal Test No. 1
.Jwick. T. M 568
Swick. John 586
Swisher, W. H.. et al 889, 840
Syncline. Belinjrton 76-7
.incline. Definition of 64
Syncline. Evansville 76
SyncVne, Grassland 74
.Syncline, Ligonier 74-6
Synclines 74-77
Tables Showing:
.Analyses' of Coals 789-742
Analyses of Road Materials 752
Areas for Drainage Basins 35
Coal Analyses 789-742
Coal and Coke Production, 1906-
Coal and Coke Production, oy
Mines 892. 898
Coal Tests, Barbour County 897-8
Coal Tests, Randolph County 421
Coal Tests, Upshur County 414
P*ge Tables Showing:
Depth to Deep Oil and Gas Sands
of Ohio 811
Gaging Records, Tygart Valley
River, at Belington 87-53
Intervals Above and Below Lower
Intervals Above and Below Pittsburgh Coal 68
Limestones Suitable for Macadam. 740 Lists of Wells Recording Coal 502. 529, 650, 689, 648, 661. 660 674, 691. 698, 706, 785 Oil and Gas Horizons in W. Va..802
Oil and Gas Sand Intervals 804
Probable Amount of Coal
458, 478, 490, 502. 529, 550, 640, 649, 661, 669, 674, 691, 698, 702, 707, 711, 785 Sandstones Available for Masonry
Construction 748
Stratified Shales Suitable tor Paving Brick Manufacture 747
Stratigraphic Position of Fossilifcrous
Members 779-780
Stream Data j . . .83-84
Summarized Well Records, Oil and Gas:
Barbour County 814-815
Randolph County 885
Upshur County 840-1
Summary of Available Coal .786-7 Thickness of Stratified Rocks. . .184-7 TaflF. Jos. A., and Alfred H. Brooks
Talbott, E. D.. Heirs. No. 1 Well
Talbott, E. D.. Heirs, No. 8 Well
Talbott, Geo. P., No. 3416 Well (66)
Talbott. Gordon B.. No. 2657 Well
Talbott, R. E.. et al 396, 897. 899
Tallman. Robert. No. 2 Coal Test
Taylor. William 672
Teets, D. D.. Jr
Teneron Station Section 228
Tenmie Creek 85, 69
TenmMe Section 188-9, 187
Index.
Page
Tests. Chemical, (Road Materials) . 761-2 Tests for Oil and Gas, Summarized:
Barbour County 814-815
Randolph County 886
Upshur County 840-1
Teter, Charles F., Heirs, Mine
Teter Creek 82, 88. 85, 68
Teter, Joseph, Heirs, Coal Tests (66,
Teter, Lloyd, Limestone 190, 762
Teter, T. Benton. Fire Qay 200-10
Tcter's Mill 767
Thacker, J. S., No. 1 Coal Test (14)
Thickness of Stratified Rocks. Table 184-7
Thirty-Foot Sand 802, 804, 808
Thomas, D. S., Mine 180
Thompson, A 400
Thompson, E 507
Thompson, Perry 817
Thomhill, T. W 768
Thornhill, t. W.. Lumber Co 768-0
Thornton Fire CHay
102, 184, 150, 153, 203, 239-40 747. 752, 754, 757 Thornton Quadrangle, Levels ... 820-821
Timmerman. L. F 6
Tiona Sand 808
Tollv. H. C, Sawmill 778
Topographic Features 62-68
Towns and Industries:
Barbour County 18-15
Randolph County 26-27
Upshur County 10-24
Transportation 2-0
Transported Clay 756
Trciber, F. A 21
Trenton Limestone 811
Tri-State Gas Co 313. 814, 816
Trout Run .Section 170, 187
Tucker. R. C
Turkey Run 34. 85, 58
Turkcv Run Section 123-5, 187
Turnpikes:
Buckhannon & Little Kanawha 8
Clarksburg & Buckhannon 8
Clarksburg & Philippi 8
Fairmont & Beverly 7
Page Turnpikes:
Morgan town & Beverly 7
Rarkersburg & Staunton 7
Philippi & Buckhannon 8
Summersville & Slavcn Cabin 8
Tygart Junction Section 00, I87
Tygart Kiver Lumber Co 774
Tygart Valley Coal & Coke Co 550
Tygart Valley Mineral & Oil Co
Tygart Valley Mineral A Oil Co. (A.
Tygart Valley Oil Co 884, 385 880
Tygart Valley River
So. 82, 88, 85, 86-56
Tygart Valley River, Belington Gaging Station Records 87-58
Tygart Vlley River, Indicated Horse-Power Developed by, and
Tributary Streams 766
Tygarts River Coal Co., Production 802
Tygarts Valley Brick Co... 15, 752, 754
U
Uffington Shale
Unconformities and Faults 77-78
Area 10
Brush Creek Coal 288
Buffalo Sandstone 280
Clarksburg Limestone 210
Coal Tests 307, 800-400
Harlem Cos* 222-8
Johnstown Cement Limestone. .258-4
Minable Coals
445-7, 471-8, 480-1, 488-0, 408, 505- 508. 582-8, 556-7. 642, 651 Minable Coals... (See Minable Coals)
Population 11
Probable Amount of Coal
Sections 01-6
Upper Freeport Sandstone 244
Well Records 314-16, 825-8
Area 17
Bolivar Fire Clay 248
Brush Creek Coal 285-6
Buffalo Sandstone 231
Coal Tests 414, 417
East Lynn Sandstone 250
Lower Freeport Coal 247
Lower Kittanning Fire Qay 261
Minable Coals
500-1. 681-2, 541-6, 680-0. 645, 658-8 Minable Coals. . . (See Minable Coals)
Population 17
Probable Amount of Coal
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas . . 868
arltsburg Sandstone 228
Sections 120-182
Uoper Freenort Sandstone 244-6
Well Records 840-1, 860-2
Uniontown Cal
Uniontown Coal, Lower
Uniontown Limestone
Index.
Uniontown Sandstone
87, 88, 89p 90, 91, 08, 117, 119, 189, 191, 192, 802
ITnited Lumber Co 774
U. S. Bureau of Mines 788
U. S. Census 11, 17, 88, 86
U. S. Geological Survey
10, 16. 86, 81, 86, 87. 71, 191, 194, 805. 887. 889, 876. 888, 888, 884, 886, 887, 890, 891, 764. 791, 798, 798, 802, U. S. Geological Survey, Levels. 809-881
Upper Cedar Grove Sandstone
Upper Clarion Coal 684
Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone . . 96, 99, 100, 106, 111, 114, 116, 117, 181, 187, 188, 148. 148, 149, 155, 161, 162, 168. 166. 166, 168, 169, 170, 178, 178. 176. 176, 179, 180, 181, 866, 267,
868, an-a, 274. 275, 291, 292, 826,
Upper Freeport Coal
68, 69 71. 94, 96, 108, 106, 106, 108, 109. lis, 114, 117. 184. 187, 128, 180, 131. 183. 184, 188, 149. 168. 808. 881, 289, 840, 241, 842, 94aJ8 244, 246, 848. 249. 251, 262. SR't. 261. 828. 886. 350. 858. 868, 864. 850. 863. 864, 300. 894. 896. 897. "'tS. 399, 400, 401. 408, 404. 405. 406. 409. 411. 414. 416, 416. 417, 608-M, 737. 740. 748, 768
LTpper Freeport Coal
Upper Freeport Iron Ore 168
Upper Freeport Sandstone
84. 94. 97. 102. 109. 118. 114. 115, 184, 188, 130. 181. 188. 184. 185, 138. 147, 158, 154. 842. M4-B, 848, 808, 404, 406. 409. 411. 748
Upper Gilbert Sandstone
Upper Kittanning CoaA
68. 69. 84, 04. 96, 07. 100. 108. 104. 108. 109, 111. 118, 114, 184, 188, 180, 181, 188. 185 186, 188, 140. 149, 180. 151. 168. 158, 166. 848. 8B1, 262. 268, 254. 266. 266. 257, 822. 856, 858, 894, .<t96. 897. 808. 404. 405. 411. 414. 418. 880-860, 564. 660, 664, 787, 740, 744.
Upper Kittanning Coal
Upper Kittanning Fire Gay
UpDer Mafaoning Sandstone
Upper Mercer Coal
Upper Mercer Coal
Upper Mercer Coal, Roof Shale of ..780. 781, 788-8, 787, 788, 780, 804
Upper Raleigh (Sharon) Sandstone 160, 164. 167, 160, 171, 174, 176, 188, 260. 200, 801. 898-8, 808. 306, 380,
Upper Raleigh (Sharon) Ssndstone: 488, 480, 481, 482, 484, 486, 486, 488,
Upper Sewiddey Sandstone
Upper Winif rede Sasidstone 168
Upshur, Abel P 16
Upshur County:
Area 16-17
Boundaries 1-t
Coal Analyses 789-742
Coal and Coke Production, 1906-
Coal and Coke Production, by
Mines 898, 898
Coal Tests, Records 418-410
Coal Tests, Summarized 418-414
Coal Tests, Table 414
Forests 769-778
Formation 16
General Description 16-24
Intervals Above and Below Lower
Kittanning Coal 69
Intervals Above and Below Pittsburgh Coal 68
Miscellaneous Items 16-18
Ponulation 17
Population, Villages 94
PbAtal Service 18
Products 17-18
Property Valuation 18
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas. .
Relief 17
Road Materials, etc.. Analyses ... 762
Roads. Mileage 9
Sections 116-160
Summarized Well Records 840-1
Thickness of Stratified Rocks. . .184-7
Towns and Industries 10-24
Villages 24
Wei! Records and Prospective
Areas 888-888
Upshur Oil ft Gas
Upshur Planing Mill 81-22. 772
Valley Coal & Coke Co.:
Coal Test (69)... 114, 116, 898, 412 Coal Test (70)... 118, 118, 898, 419 Mine (614)... 111. 576-6, 741, 744 Valley District (Barbour):
Alma Coal 277
Are* 10
Coal Tests 898, 410-412
Minable Coals
499, 519-20, 550, 574-9. 644-5. 670. Minable Coals. . . (See Minable Coals)
Population 11
Probable Amount of Coal
Sections 113-116
Well Records 888
Valley Furnace 768
Index.
Page Valuartion, Property:
Barbour County . ; 18
Upshur County 18
Vandervort & Pickens No. 1 Well
Vandevender, William, Heirs, Mine
Villages, Barbour County 16
Villages, Upshur County 84
Virginias, The 890
Vogt, Alfred 88
Volume I , 849
Volume
Volume III 768, 764. 765
Volume IV 768
Volume V 766, 769, 778
W
Walters and Peterson 61
Wamsley, Lloyd 867
Waneta Section 188, 187
Ward & Hutton No. 1 Coal Test
Ward & Hutton No. 8 Coal Test
Ward & Hutton No. 3 Coal Test
Ward, Taylor, Limestone 810-811
Ward,' TayiorV wiil No.' (14) . . .'.
Ward- Young Maenufacturing Co 88
Warner, Wm., Heirs, Mine (27)... 460 Warren District (Upshur):
Area 17
Brush Creek Coal 284-6
Clarksburg Limestone 211
Coal Tests 414, 415
Grafton Sandstone 819
Minable Coals
447-64, 476-7, 483-7, 600, 689, 560, 579-80, 661 Minable Coals... (See Minable Coals)
Population 17
Probable Amount of Coal
Sections 116-186
Uniontown Coal 198
Well Records 340-1, 848
Warren First Sand 808, 804
Warren Second Sand 808, 804
Washington Coal 117
Alma Coal 877
Area -JJ
Brush Creek Ceal 887
Buffalo Sandstone 881
Coal Tests 414. 419
East Lynn Sandstone. . .867-8. 269-60 Johnstown Cement Limestone.. . .865
Lower Freeport Coal 848
Lower Kittanning Fire Clay 861
Minable Coals
527-8, 646-7. 598-612, 645-6, 664-6, 662, 672-8, 678-80, 709 Minable Coals.. (See Minable Coals)
Pine Creek Limestone 880
Population 17
Probable Amount of Coal
589, 650, 640. 649, 661, 674, 691, 698, 707, 711, 785 Prospective Oil and Gas Areas... 868
Sections 188-146
Upper Freeport Sandstone 846
Well Records 340-1, 866-8
Water-Power 764-5
Water-Resources Branch 87, 764
Water-Supply Papers 87
Water Ways
Waters. Mineral 766
Waters. Mineral, etc. Chapter XIII)
Waugh Sand 808
Waynesburg Coal. 68, 88, 189. 190, 396
Waynesburg Sandstone
Weaver Branch, Western Maryland
Ry 6. 808
Webb. Wm .A 96
We'r Sand 808, 804, 807
Welch Coal
Welch. John and Martin. Mine
Welch Sandstone
Well Records and Prospective Area:
Barbour County : 811-888
Barker District 387-8
Cove District 880-6
Elk District 881-5
Glade District 887
Philippi District 888-9
Pleasant District 815-881
Union District 386-8
Valley District 338
Randolph County : 884-880
Beverly District 889
Huttonsville District 888
Leadsville District 886
Middle Fork District 886-8
Mingo District 888