Chemical composition of samples collected from waste rock dumps and other mining-related features at selected phosphate mines in southeastern Idaho, western Wyoming, and northern Utah

Moyle, Phillip R., Causey, J. Douglas · 2001 · Report

This report provides chemical analyses for 31 samples collected from various phosphate mine sites in southeastern Idaho (25), northern Utah (2)

This 2001 document, Chemical composition of samples collected from waste rock dumps and other mining-related features at selected phosphate mines in southeastern Idaho, western Wyoming, and northern Utah, is preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library for research and reference. Original source: pubs.usgs.gov.

Chemical Composition of Samples Collected from Waste Rock Dumps and Other Mining-Related Features at Selected Phosphate Mines in Southeastern Idaho, Western Wyoming, and Northern Utah

By

Phillip R. Moyle and J. Douglas Causey1

Western U.S. Phosphate Project2

Open-File Report 01-411

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

U.S. Department Of The Interior U.S. Geological Survey

1 U.S. Geological Survey, Spokane, WA 99201 2 Prepared in collaboration with Bureau of Land Management, Forest Service, Agrium U.S. Inc., Astaris LLC, J.R. Simplot Company, Rhodia Inc., and Monsanto

CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT 4 INTRODUCTION 5 Location, Background, and Purpose 5 Previous Studies 5 METHODOLOGY 6 Field Sampling 6 Rock Sample Preparation and Geochemical Analyses 6 SAMPLING 7 Waste Rock Dumps and Other Deposits Sampled 7 Limitation of Data 10 Sample Sites and Data 10 DISCUSSION 24 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 25 REFERENCES CITED 29 APPENDIX A. Data Tables 32 APPENDIX B. Metadata………………………………………………………………………...39

FIGURES 1. View west of Dry Valley mine showing waste rock backfill into open pit on right. 2. Various colors and sizes of rock in a complex of waste rock dumps at an active phosphate mine in southeastern Idaho illustrate the heterogeneous lithology and grain size characteristics of dumps. 3. View north of several waste rock dumps at the Waterloo mine near Montpelier, ID. 4. Generalized map of southeast Idaho, western Wyoming, and northern Utah showing phosphate sample sites, selected sample numbers, and locations of figures 5 and 6. 5. Generalized map of phosphate mines in southeastern Idaho showing selected sample sites and location of figure 6. 6. Map of selected phosphate mines in the Blackfoot River watershed, Caribou County, Idaho, showing sample sites. 7. View north of the Wooley Valley mine waste rock dump at Unit I, Caribou County, Idaho, sample site WPD2017C. 8. View south of the Wooley Valley mine waste rock dump at Unit IV, Caribou County, Idaho, sample sites WPD2019C-23C. 9. View west of the Ballard mine and waste rock dumps, Caribou County, Idaho, sample site WPD2005C. 10. View northeast of a waste rock dump at the Henry mine, central, Caribou County, Idaho, sample site WPD2018C. 11. View north of a waste rock dump at the Woodall Mountain mine, Caribou County, Idaho, sample site WPD2024C. 12. View south of the Champ-Champ Extension mine, Caribou County, Idaho, sample site WPD2001C. 13. View west of reclaimed waste rock dump at the Mountain Fuel mine, Caribou County, Idaho, sample site WPD2002C.

14. View southwest of partially-reclaimed waste rock dump on the west side of the Mountain Fuel mine, Caribou County, Idaho, sample site WPD2003C. 15. View south of Georgetown mine, Bear Lake County, Idaho, processing plant near sample site WPQ2028C. 16. View north of Church Hollow tailings near Georgetown Canyon mine, Bear Lake County, Idaho, sample site WPD2029C. 17. View north of waste rock dumps at the Waterloo mine, Bear Lake County, Idaho, sample sites WPD2030C (dark rock) and WPD2031C (light rock). 18. View southwest of sample site at Hot Springs mine, Bear Lake County, Idaho; showing sample WPQ2013C cut along line. 19. View northwest of waste rock dump at Little Diamond Creek mine, Utah County, Utah, showing sample site WPD2009C. 20. View north of waste rock dumps at Cokeville mine, Lincoln County, Wyoming, showing sample site WPD2011C. 21. View north of adits and dumps at Raymond Creek mine, Lincoln County, Wyoming. Sample WPD2014C collected from waste rock dump in area from which photograph is taken. 22. View west toward waste rock dump sampled at South Mountain mine, Lincoln County, Wyoming, showing sample site WPD2012C. 23a. Range and average concentrations of selected elements for all 31 samples analyzed. 23b. Range and average concentrations of selected elements for 25 waste-rock dump samples analyzed. 24. Graph of average concentration of selected elements for 25 waste-rock dump samples normalized to the average abundance of the elements in average world-wide shales.

Tables

1. List of phosphate mine sites sampled showing mine type, feature sampled, lithology, and sample type. 2. Average, maximum, and minimum concentrations for selected individual and ICP-40 analytes for the 25 samples from waste-rock dumps and for all 31 samples, and average abundance of elements in shale. A-1. Sample descriptions and locations. A-2. Individual and ICP-10 analyses. A-3. ICP-16 analyses. A-4. ICP-40 analyses.

Abstract

This report provides chemical analyses for 31 samples collected from various phosphate mine sites in southeastern Idaho (25), northern Utah (2), and western Wyoming (4). The sampling effort was undertaken as a reconnaissance and does not constitute a characterization of mine wastes. Twenty-five samples were collected from waste rock dumps, 2 from stockpiles, and 1 each from slag, tailings, mill shale, and an outcrop. All samples were analyzed for a suite of major, minor, and trace elements. Although the analytical data set for the 31 samples is too small for detailed statistical analysis, a summary of general observations is made.

Element concentrations vary considerably because of the differing rock types collected over a wide geographic area. For the 25 waste rock dump samples, concentrations of arsenic, antimony, thallium, chromium, copper, nickel, and vanadium are moderately elevated, ranging from 1.5 to 5.6 times those of average world-wide shale, the average concentrations of four elements are significantly elevated compared to their average abundance in average world-wide shale - selenium (x 77), cadmium (x 172), molybdenum (x 19), and zinc (x 12). A sample of slag, a product of high-temperature processing, collected from an inactive elemental phosphorus plant at the Georgetown Canyon mine contains the highest concentrations for 17 elements - silver, cobalt, chromium, copper, europium, iron, gallium, manganese, molybdenum, niobium, nickel, phosphorus, thorium, titanium, vanadium, ytterbium, and zirconium - and the lowest concentrations for 17 others - aluminum, carbon, calcium, cadmium, mercury, potassium, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, sodium, sulfur, scandium, selenium, strontium, thallium, yttrium, and zinc. Highly contrasting geochemical signatures occur for two samples collected from the same waste-rock dump at the Waterloo mine near Montpelier, ID illustrating the heterogeneous nature waste dump rocks.

Introduction

Location, Background, and Purpose

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has studied the Permian Phosphoria Formation and related rock units in southeastern Idaho and the Western Phosphate Field throughout much of the twentieth century. In response to a request by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), a new series of resource, geological, and geoenvironmental studies were initiated by the USGS in 1998. Present studies consist of integrated, multidisciplinary research directed toward (1) resource and reserve estimation of phosphate in selected 7.5-minute quadrangles; (2) element residence, mineralogical, and petrochemical characteristics; (3) mobilization and reaction pathways, transport, and fate of potentially toxic elements associated with the occurrence, development, and societal use of phosphate; (4) geophysical signatures; and (5) improving understanding of depositional environments. To carry out these studies, the USGS is conducting collaborative research with the BLM and the U.S. Forest Service (FS), which are responsible for land management and resource conservation on public lands, and with five companies currently leasing or developing phosphate resources in southeast Idaho: Agrium U.S. Inc. (Rasmussen Ridge mine), Astaris LLC (Dry Valley mine), J.R. Simplot Company (Smoky Canyon mine), Rhodia Inc. (Wooley Valley mine - inactive), and Monsanto (Enoch Valley mine). Because raw data acquired during the project require time to interpret, the data are released in open-file reports for prompt availability to other scientists. Open-file reports associated with this series of resource and geoenvironmental studies are submitted to the Federal and industry collaborators for comment; however, the USGS is solely responsible for the content of the reports.

Limited sampling of phosphate mine wastes and other deposits at selected active and historic phosphate mines in southeastern Idaho, western Wyoming, and northern Utah was completed in support of on-going geologic mapping, remote sensing, and phosphate resource studies. These data, together with related sampling and chemical analyses of rock outcrops, exposed sections at active mines, and archived samples from previous studies, will contribute to an overall effort to characterize the spatial distribution of selenium and other trace elements throughout the Western Phosphate Field, both in situ and in waste piles. Analyses of samples of outcrops and exposed sections will contribute to developing a model of trace element distribution either associated with original deposition or as a result of post-depositional diagenetic or weathering processes. Analyses of mine wastes will contribute to understanding the source characteristics and mobilization of trace elements. The samples and analyses described in this report are a reconnaissance and do not constitute a characterization of mine wastes.

Previous Studies

A considerable body of knowledge on the Phosphoria Formation and related rock units in the Western Phosphate Field has been published by scientists of the USGS as well as from others. The historic literature is too large to list; however, mention of selected references is warranted. Pioneering workers such as Mansfield (1918, 1920, 1927, 1933), McKelvey and others (1953a, 1953b, 1959, 1967), Sheldon (1963, 1989), Service and Popoff (1964), Service (1966, 1967), and Gulbrandsen and Krier (1980), concentrated predominantly on delineation and evaluation of phosphate resources and on deposit origin. Research in recent decades has produced significant

literature by Gulbrandsen (1966), Piper (1974), Desborough (1977), Altschuler (1980) and others on the unusual chemistry of the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale Member, the primary source of phosphate ore. Phosphate deposit origin, demand, and commodity studies are reported in Herring (1995), Herring and Fantel (1993), and Herring and Stowasser (1991).

Current studies by the USGS have produced numerous reports relevant to the geochemistry of the Phosphoria Formation, particularly the Meade Peak Phosphate Shale Member in southeastern Idaho (Desborough and others, 1999; 2000; Herring and others, 1999a, b, c; 2000a, b, c; Grauch and others, 1999, 2000a, b; and Piper, 1999a, b. A detailed history of phosphate mining in southeastern Idaho was recently completed by Lee (2001). In addition, a spatially registered description of selected phosphate mines in southeastern Idaho, showing mine pits, waste dumps, tailings and other phosphate-mining-related features, has been prepared (Causey and Moyle, 2001). Mine waste samples described in this report were collected during field reconnaissance at several of the mines included in the geospatial database.

METHODOLOGY Field Sampling

Thirty-one samples collected for geochemical analysis were obtained from waste rock dumps (25), stockpiles or mill shale piles (3), tailings (1), slag (1), and outcrop (1) from 20 mines and prospects. Waste rock dump, stockpiles or mill shales, and tailings samples were collected as composite grab samples. Composite grab samples consist of rock material collected from two or more 0.3-to 0.6 -m-deep holes excavated into the waste rock dump, stockpile, or tailings impoundment and combined into a single composite sample. A sample of slag was "selected" from a heterogeneous mix of mine wastes, processing byproducts and alluvium at a mine-plant complex, and a continuous "chip channel" sample was obtained from an outcrop of Meade Peak member at one inactive mine site. Approximately 2.5 to 5 kg of rock was collected at each sample locality. Samples were shipped to the laboratory of the USGS in Denver, Colorado for sample preparation.

Rock Sample Preparation and Geochemical Analyses3

Rock samples were air-dried followed by disaggregation in a mechanical jaw crusher. A split was ground to <100 mesh (0.15 mm) in a ceramic plate grinder. A riffle splitter was used to obtain splits to ensure similarity with the whole sample. One set of splits for all samples was archived, and approximately 50-g splits of ground material was shipped to the contract laboratory for analysis.

Forty major, minor, and trace elements were determined for all 31 samples by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), also referred to as the ICP-40

3 Aluminum (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), carbon (C),cerium (Ce), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), europium (Eu), gallium (Ga), gold (Au), holmium (Ho), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), niobium (Nb), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tantalum (Ta), tellurium (Te), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), titanium (Ti), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr).

package, after low-temperature (<150oC) digestion using concentrated hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, nitric, and perchloric acids (Crock and others, 1983). Splits of all samples were also submitted to the contract laboratory for analysis of 16 major, minor, and trace elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Nb, P, K, Si, Na, Sr, Ti, Y, Zr) by ICP-AES using a lithium metaborate fusion. This technique is also referred to as the ICP-16 package. The samples were fused with lithium metaborate in a graphite crucible. In-house standards were run to monitor the proper digestion procedure, and synthetic standards were used to calibrate the instrument. Sample solutions were aspirated into the ICP through a high-solids nebulizer, and metal concentrations were measured simultaneously. Eight samples were also submitted for a 10-element ICP-AES technique, also referred to as ICP-10, for determination of Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn. Hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide were used to solubilize metals not tightly bound in the silicate lattice of rocks. Metals are extracted as organic halides. Concentrations of the extracted metals were determined simultaneously after aspiration into a multichannel ICP instrument. This procedure is a partial digestion and results may be biased low when compared to procedures involving complete dissolution of the sample.

Sample splits were also submitted for individual analysis of ten elements or compounds by specific methods. Arsenic, Sb, Se, Tl and Te analyses were performed by hydride generationatomic absorption spectrometry. Hg was analyzed by cold vapor-atomic absorption spectrometry. Total S and total C were analyzed by combustion in an oxygen atmosphere followed by infrared measurement of evolved CO2 and SO2. Carbonate (inorganic) C was determined by coulometric titration after acidification. An interim value for CO2 is also reported. Organic C may be calculated as the difference between total and carbonate carbon.

Sampling

Waste Rock Dumps and Other Deposits Sampled

Generally located close to the mine to reduce haulage costs, a waste rock dump is composed of heterogeneous mine waste materials excavated from underground or surface workings for the purpose of exposing and excavating ore. The Bureau of Mines (1968) dictionary defines waste rock as "barren or submarginal rock or ore which has been mined but is not of sufficient value to warrant treatment and is therefore removed ahead of the milling process" and a waste dump as "the area where mine waste or spoil materials are disposed of or piled." Typically, waste rock may be placed on hillsides, in valleys or ravines, or on any convenient surface that provides long-term stability. Modern open-pit operations often backfill waste rock into the mine pit to return the surface as close as possible to the original landform and to minimize exposure of waste rock to surface weathering processes (figure 1). Waste rock dumps range in size (volume) from a few hundred to a thousand cubic meters, typical of smaller underground mines, to tens of millions of cubic meters at large, open-pit mines. Ore is often placed into temporary piles or impoundments called stockpiles until it is ready for transport or processing. Mill shales consist of subeconomic phosphatic rock, generally 14 to <18 percent P2O5, stockpiled for possible future use. Tailings are fine-grained waste materials from milling (crushing and grinding) and other processes. Tailings have generally been subjected to both mechanical and chemical processes that result in fundamental changes in their chemical and physical characteristics. Slag is the waste product of a process that subjects ore to high temperatures to recover a desirable product

such as phosphorus. Molten slag is periodically removed, tapped, from electric arc furnaces at temperatures ranging from 1450 o to 1550 o C (Van Wazer, 1961). Slag is typically fused and is also altered chemically from the original rock composition.

Phosphate mine waste rock dumps may consist of a range of materials or lithologies including overburden (unconsolidated surficial material), overlying strata such as Rex Chert, low-grade material from portions of the Meade Peak member, such as center waste shale, underlying strata such as the Wells Formation, or any other materials associated with the mine site (figure 2). At large, open-pit phosphate mines typical of modern operations, a single mine may have several waste rock dumps, each composed of a unique assemblage of rock types (figure 3).

Figure 1. View west of Dry Valley mine showing waste rock backfill into open pit on right.

Waste rock dumps are heterogeneous in both grain size and structure. The rock fragments in a dump are a product of mechanical processes, such as drilling, blasting, and ripping, designed to disaggregate a massive body of in-place rock in order to excavate and transport the materials. Consequently, dump rock may range in size from clay particles to boulders (e.g. less than 0.1 mm to greater than 1 m in diameter). Natural gravity sorting of rock poured from a haulage truck onto a waste dump face may result in a vertical size distribution, finer materials tend to remain near the top and coarse materials tend to roll down the face toward the toe of the dump (figure 2).

Pit backfill

Figure 2. Various colors and sizes of rock in a complex of waste rock dumps at an active phosphate mine in southeastern Idaho illustrate the heterogeneous lithology and grain size characteristics of dumps. Note the high incidence of coarse rock near the toe of the dumps.

The manner in which a waste rock dump is designed and constructed can also result in significant differences in structure. Commonly, construction of a dump progresses by addition of material to the top of the dump at the face, allowing waste rock to form a continuously renewed veneer on the face. The dump progresses outward horizontally as successive layers are added to the face. However, some dumps are engineered in other ways, resulting in significantly different internal structures. For instance, in order to enhance dump stability and to minimize the release of fine sediment into the down-stream environment, some dumps have been designed with a French drain, a layer of coarse, durable rock, such as chert, placed at the base to allow unrestricted flow of a stream through the base of the dump. At other locations, waste rock dumps have been constructed in layers or raises resulting in a sequence or stack of dumps.

Figure 3. View north of several waste rock dumps at the Waterloo mine near Montpelier, ID.

Limitation of Data

As noted in the introduction, studies of mine wastes may contribute to understanding the source characteristics, mobilization, and transport of trace elements of concern; however, the sampling and analyses described here are reconnaissance in nature. Clearly, every dump constitutes a unique set of physical and chemical conditions, and one or two samples collected from the surface, or near surface, are not representative. Consequently, the data presented here do not constitute a characterization of mine wastes nor are the data considered to be representative of any of the mine sites investigated.

Sample Sites and Data

The region studied includes portions of Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming (figure 4 and table 1) where 31 samples were collected from 20 mines and prospects. Twenty-five samples were collected in southeastern Idaho (figures 5-18), two in northern Utah (figures 4 and 19), and four in western Wyoming (figures 4 and 20-22). Of the samples, 25 were collected from waste rock dumps, 2 from stockpiles, and one each of a mill shale pile, tailings (figure 16), slag (figure 15), and an outcrop (figure 18). Mine names, sample locations, sample types and methods, and brief lithologic descriptions are listed in Table 1, and detailed sample information and geochemical analyses for the 31 samples collected are presented in Appendix tables A-1, A-2, A-3, and A-4. Federal Geographic Data Committee compliant metadata are listed in Appendix B.

NNN N N N N N N N N N N N N N N NNN NN NN NN N IDAHO UTAH WYOMING WYOMING NEVADA UTAH COLORADO Tooele Sweetwater Fremont Box Elder Sublette Lincoln Uintah Moffat Utah Uinta Cassia Duchesne Summit Rich Blaine Caribou Power Bingham Cache Rio Blanco Lincoln Oneida Wasatch Bannock Bonneville Davis Teton Bear Lake Weber Daggett Salt Lake Minidoka Franklin Morgan Jerome Butte -114°00' -113°00' -112°00' -111°00' -110°00' -109°00' -108°00' See Figure 5 See Figure 6

Figure 4. Generalized map of southeast Idaho, western Wyoming, and northern Utah showing phosphate sample sites, selected sample numbers, and locations of figures 5 and 6. WPD2009C WPD2012C WPD2011C WPD2014C WPD2015C WPQ2013C WPD2010C

Table 1. List of phosphate mine sites sampled showing mine type, feature sampled, lithology, and sample type.

SITE NAME COUNTY MINE TYPE FEATURE SAMPLED LITHOLOGY SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE TYPE QUADRANGLE MAP IDAHO Ballard Mine Caribou open pit waste dump shale WPD2005C composite Lower Valley Champ Mine Caribou open pit waste dump black shale & limestone WPD2001C composite Dry Valley Conda/Woodall Mountain Mine Caribou open pit & UG waste dump gray-black shale WPD2024C composite Soda Springs Conda/Woodall Mountain Mine Caribou open pit & UG waste dump tan-brown shale, limestone, & pelletal phosphorite WPD2025C composite Soda Springs Diamond Gulch Mine Caribou open pit waste dump black shale & limestone WPD2004C composite Fossil Canyon Gay Mine Bannock open pit mill shale pile gray-black shale WPQ2026C composite Yandell Springs Gay Mine Bingham open pit waste dump brown-gray shale & limestone WPD2027C composite Yandell Springs Georgetown Mine - plant Bear Lake open pit slag pile gray, metallic WPQ2028C select Harrington Peak Georgetown Canyon - Church Hollow Bear Lake open pit tailings brownish-gray, fine-grained, phosphatic shale w/ peasized gravel WPD2029C composite Harrington Peak Henry Mine, central Caribou open pit waste dump gray-black shale WPD2018C composite Lower Valley Home Canyon Mine Bear Lake UG waste dump black shale WPD2007C composite Montpelier Canyon Home Canyon Mine Bear Lake UG stockpile phosphorite WPD2008C composite Montpelier Canyon Hot Springs Mine Bear Lake Prospect Pit outcrop flat-lying organic-rich shale & phosphorite WPQ2013C chip (4.5') Bear Lake North Maybe Canyon adit Caribou UG waste dump black shale WPD2006C composite Dry Valley Mountain Fuel Mine Caribou open pit waste dump black shale & limestone WPD2002C composite Dry Valley Mountain Fuel Mine Caribou open pit waste dump black shale & limestone WPD2003C composite Dry Valley Rattlesnake Canyon Mine Bear Lake UG waste dump brown-black shale WPD2016C composite Fossil Canyon

UG underground workings

Table 1. List of phosphate mine sites sampled showing mine type, feature sampled, lithology, and sample type. - continued

SITE NAME COUNTY MINE TYPE FEATURE SAMPLED LITHOLOGY SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE TYPE QUADRANGLE MAP IDAHO (continued) Waterloo Mine Bear Lake open pit & UG waste dump dark gray to black phosphatic shale WPD2030C composite Montpelier Canyon Waterloo Mine Bear Lake open pit & UG waste dump beige-tan fissile sandy shale and limestone w/ brownorange iron oxide stains WPD2031C composite Montpelier Canyon Wooley Valley Mine, Unit 1 Caribou open pit waste dump brown-black shale WPD2017C composite Lower Valley Wooley Valley Mine, Unit 4, face level 5 Caribou open pit waste dump dark brown shale WPD2019C composite Lower Valley Wooley Valley Mine, Unit 4, face level 4 Caribou open pit waste dump brown-black shale & chert WPD2020C composite Lower Valley Wooley Valley Mine, Unit 4, face level 3 Caribou open pit waste dump brown-black shale & chert WPD2021C composite Lower Valley Wooley Valley Mine, Unit 4, face level 2 Caribou open pit waste dump brown shale, chert, limestone, & siltstone WPD2022C composite Lower Valley Wooley Valley Mine, Unit 4, face level 1 Caribou open pit waste dump gray-brown shale, chert, siltstone, & limestone WPD2023C composite Lower Valley UTAH Benjamin Mine Rich UG waste dump black shale & phosphorite WPD2010C composite Rex Peak Little Diamond Utah UG waste dump black shale & phosphorite WPD2009C composite Billies Mountain WYOMING Cokeville Mine Lincoln UG stockpile shale & oolitic phosphorite WPD2011C composite Cokeville Dry Creek - USBM adit Lincoln UG waste dump black shale WPD2015C composite Red Top Mountain Raymond Creek Lincoln UG waste dump black shale WPD2014C composite Geneva South Mountain Mine Lincoln Open Pit waste dump black oolitic phosphorite WPD2012C composite Sublet

UG underground workings

"8 "8 "8 "8 "8 "8 "8"8 "8 "8 "8 "8"8 "8"8"8 "8 "8 "8 "8 "8 "8 "8"8 &V &V &V &V &V &V &V &V &V &V &V &V &V &V Fort Hall Pocatello Georgetown Soda Springs Lava Hot Springs Caribou Bannock Bear Lake Bingham Oneida Franklin Bonneville Power Gay Waterloo Smoky Canyon Mountain Fuel Champ Georgetown Canyon Diamond Gulch Home Canyon Rattlesnake Canyon -112°15' -112°00' -111°45' -111°30' -111°15' See Figure 6

Figure 5. Generalized map of phosphate mines in southeastern Idaho showing selected sample sites and location of figure 6. WPD2027C WPD2026C WPD2005, 6, 17-25C WPD2027C WPD2002,3C WPD2004C WPD2016C WPD2028C WPD2029C WPD2007-8C WPD2030-31C

"8 "8 "8 "8 "8 "8 "8 "8"8 "8 "8 Woodall Mountain Ballard Conda Henry Enoch Valley Maybe Canyon Dry Valley Wooley Valley Rasmussen Ridge Trail Canyon Lanes Creek R. 42 E. R. 43 E. R. 43 E. R. 44 E. T. 6 S. T. 7 S. -111°30' -111°20' Blackfoot Reservoir (Boise Meridian) R. 7 S. R. 8 S.

Figure 6. Map of selected phosphate mines in the Blackfoot River watershed, Caribou County, Idaho, showing sample sites.

Wpd2018C Wpd2005C Wpd2019C-23C Wpd2017C Wpd2024 Wpd2025 Wpd2006C

Figure 7. View north of the Wooley Valley mine waste rock dump at Unit I, Caribou County, Idaho, showing sample site WPD2017C.

Figure 8. View south of the Wooley Valley mine waste rock dump at Unit IV, Caribou County, Idaho, showing sample sites WPD2019C-23C. WPD2017C WPD2019C WPD2020C WPD2021C WPD2022C WPD2023C

Figure 9. View west of the Ballard mine and waste rock dumps, Caribou County, Idaho, showing sample site WPD2005C.

Figure10. View northeast of a waste rock dump at the Henry mine, central, Caribou County, Idaho, showing sample site WPD2018C. WPD2018C WPD2005C

Figure 11. View north of a waste rock dump at the Woodall Mountain mine, Caribou County, Idaho, showing sample site WPD2024C.

Figure 12. View south of the Champ-Champ Extension mine, Caribou County, Idaho, showing sample site WPD2001C. WPD2024C WPD2001C

Figure 13. View west of reclaimed waste rock dump at the middle part of Mountain Fuel mine, Caribou County, Idaho, showing sample site WPD2002C.

Figure 14. View southwest of partially-reclaimed waste rock dump on the west side of the Mountain Fuel mine, Caribou County, Idaho, showing sample site WPD2003C. WPD2002C WPD2003C

Figure 15. View south of Georgetown mine, Bear Lake County, Idaho, processing plant near sample site WPQ2028C.

Figure 16. View north of Church Hollow tailings near Georgetown Canyon mine, Bear Lake County, Idaho, showing sample site WPD2029C. WPD2029C

Figure 17. View north of waste rock dumps at the Waterloo mine, Bear Lake County, Idaho, showing sample sites WPD2030C (dark rock) and WPD2031C (light rock).

Wpq2013C

Figure 18. View southwest of sample site at Hot Springs mine, Bear Lake County, Idaho; showing sample WPQ2013C cut along line. WPD2030C WPD2031C

Wpd2009C

Figure 19. View northwest of waste rock dump at Little Diamond Creek mine, Utah County, Utah, showing sample site WPD2009C.

Wpd2011C

Figure 20. View north of waste rock dumps at Cokeville mine, Lincoln County, Wyoming, showing sample site WPD2011C.

Figure 21. View north of adits and dumps at Raymond Creek mine, Lincoln County, Wyoming. Sample WPD2014C collected from waste rock dump in area from which photograph is taken.

Figure 22. View west toward waste rock dump sampled at South Mountain mine, Lincoln County, Wyoming, showing sample site WPD2012C. WPD2012C WPD2014C

Discussion

The analytical results for waste rock dump and other samples exhibit a wide range of element concentrations. Although the data set of 31 samples (tables A-1, A-2, A-3, and A-4) is too small for detailed statistical analysis, a summary of general observations of the chemical analyses is warranted. Several elements occur in concentrations at or below the detection limit of the analytical method. In all samples analyzed, Au, Sn, and Ta are below detection, Bi and U were detected only in one sample each, and Be is at or near detection limit (2 ppm) in all but two samples. Be was detected in the tailings (WPD2029C) and slag (WPQ2028C) samples, both of which were collected from the Georgetown Canyon mine area.

Table 2 lists reported maximum and minimum concentrations and calculated average concentrations for a suite of selected analytes for all 31 samples. Because this reconnaissance was primarily focused on waste rock dumps, table 2 lists similar data for the subset of 25 samples collected only from dumps. For comparison, the average abundance for each element in shale (Carmichael, 1989) is also included in table 2. Maximum and minimum ranges and average concentration for fourteen of the analytes from the two data sets listed in table 2 are illustrated graphically in figures 23a and 23b. The graph in figure 24 plots the average concentration of the fourteen selected analytes in the 25 waste rock dump samples normalized to that of the average abundance of each element in shale. In the 25 waste rock dump samples, only Co is significantly lower while Ce and Pb concentrations are essentially the same as that of average shale. Several elements - As, Sb, Tl, Cr, Cu, Ni, and V - are moderately elevated, ranging from 1.5 to 5.6 times those in shale. However, the average concentration of four elements in the waste rock dump samples are significantly elevated compared to their average abundance in shale - Se (x 77), Cd (x 172), Mo (x 19), and Zn (x 12).

The effect of heterogeneous lithology on the chemistry of a waste rock dump is illustrated by the analyses of two samples (WPD2030-31C) from the Waterloo mine near Montpelier, ID (figures 5 and 17). Sample WPD2030C was collected from an exposure of dark gray to black phosphatic shale whereas sample WPD2031C was collected from an exposure of iron-oxide-stained sandy shale and limestone about 15-ft away on the face of the same dump. The sandy shale and limestone sample exhibits low concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Se, Sb, and V, and the highest concentration of Ba - distinctly different than the black shale, which contains much higher concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Se, Sb, and V and lower Ba.

The full data set of 31 samples (figure 23a) shows a wider concentration range of certain elements compared to the 25 collected only from waste rock dumps (figure 23b). The sample of slag (WPQ2028C) exhibits a chemical composition radically different than that of unprocessed rock. The slag sample contains the highest concentration for 17 of the elements determined - Ag, Co, Cr, Cu, Eu, Fe, Ga, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Th, Ti, V, Yb, and Zr - and the lowest concentration for 17 others - Al, C, Ca, Cd, Hg, K, La, Li, Mg, Na, S, Sc, Se, Sr, Tl, Y, and Zn. However, the extremely high temperature conditions associated with elemental phosphorus production are not typical of the natural processes that operate at the Earth's surface, including waste rock dumps or other impoundments.

Element concentrations vary considerably because of the differing rock types and wide geographic distribution. That samples from the same waste rock dump exhibit very different chemical compositions calls attention to the caution that must be exercised when attempting to characterize a waste-rock dump.

Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the help and participation of a number of individuals and companies. Staff from several phosphate mining companies - in particular, Rob Squires, Monty Johnson, and Alan Haslam, Agrium U.S. Inc., Larry Raymond, J.R. Simplot Company, Dan Bersanti, Rhodia, and David Farnsworth and Mike Vice, Monsanto - were very helpful, providing access, maps and historical information for several sites. Land management agency staff also provided logistical support for and input into this research effort. The Shoshone-Bannock Tribal Land Use Council granted permission for field reconnaissance and sampling at the Gay mine, and Sam Hernandez, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Fort Hall, ID, provided historical information, maps, and a tour.

Table 2. Average, maximum, and minimum concentrations for selected individual and ICP-40 analytes for the 25 samples from waste-rock dumps and for all 31 samples, and average abundance of elements in shale (ppm, parts per million; %, percent; NR, not reported).

Waste Dump Samples All Samples

ANALYTE, Unit of Measure AVERAGE ABUNDANCE IN SHALE1 AVERAGE MAXIMUM MINIMUM AVERAGE MAXIMUM MINIMUM As, ppm Hg, ppm Se, ppm Sb, ppm Tl, ppm C, % CO2, % NR CRBNT_C, % NR INDIVIDUAL ANALYSES S, % Al, % Ca, % Fe, % K, % Mg, % Na, % P, % Ti, % Ag, ppm Ba, ppm Cd, ppm Ce, ppm Co, ppm Cr, ppm Cu, ppm Eu, ppm Ga, ppm Ho, ppm La, ppm Li, ppm Mn, ppm Mo, ppm Nb, ppm Nd, ppm Ni, ppm Pb, ppm Sc, ppm Sr, ppm Th, ppm V, ppm Y, ppm Yb, ppm ICP-40 PACKAGE Zn, ppm (1/ Carmichael, 1989, table 71)

As Se Sb Tl Cd Ce Co Cr Cu Mo Ni Pb Zn Log Concentration (ppm)

Figure 23a. Range and average concentrations of selected elements for all 31 samples analyzed (ppm parts per million).

As Se Sb Tl Cd Ce Co Cr Cu Mo Ni Pb Zn Log Concentration (ppm)

Figure 23b. Range and average concentrations of selected elements for 25 waste rock dump samples analyzed (ppm parts per million). Individual Analyses ICP-40 Analyses Individual Analyses ICP-40 Analyses

As Se Sb Tl Cd Ce Co Cr Cu Mo Ni Pb Zn Log Sample/Shale

Figure 24. Graph of average concentration of selected elements for 25 waste-rock dump samples normalized to the average abundance of the elements in average world-wide shales (Carmichael, 1989, table 71).

References Cited

Altschuler, Z.S., 1980, The geochemistry of trace elements in marine phosphorites, Part I. Characteristic abundances and enrichment: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication 29, p. 19-30. Bureau of Mines, 1968, A dictionary of mining, mineral, and related terms: Bureau of Mines, Special Publication, 1269 p. Carmichael, R.S., 1989, Practical handbook of physical properties of rocks and minerals: Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 741 p. Causey, J.D., and Moyle, P.R., 2001, Digital database of mining-related features at selected historic and active phosphate mines, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, and Caribou Counties, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-142, 50 p. Crock, J.G., Lichte, F.E., and Briggs, P.E., 1983, Determination of elements in National Bureau of Standards Geologic Reference Materials SRM 278 obsidian and SRM 688 basalt by inductively coupled argon plasma-atomic emission spectrometry: Geostandards Newsletter, vol. 7, p. 335-340. Desborough, G.A., 1977, Preliminary report on certain metals of potential economic interest in thin vanadium-rich zones in the Meade Peak member of the Phosphoria Formation in western Wyoming and eastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-341, 27 p. Desborough, G., DeWitt, E., Jones, J., Meier, A. and Meeker, G., 1999, Preliminary mineralogical and chemical studies related to the potential mobility of selenium and associated elements in Phosphoria Formation strata, southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-129, 20 p. Desborough, G.A., Grauch, R.I., Crock, J.G., Meeker, G.P., Herring, J.R., and Tysdal, R.G., 2000, Low temperature volatilization of selenium from rock samples of the Phosphoria Formation in southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-009, 9 p. Grauch, R.I., Meeker, G.P., Desborough, G.A., Driscoll, R.L., Herring, J.R., Tysdal, R.G., and Johnson, E.A., 2000a, Selenium and nickel mobility in the Phosphoria Formation [abstract]: Geological Society of America meeting, November, 2000. Grauch, R.I., Meeker, G.P., Desborough, G.A., Tysdal, R.G., Herring, J.R., and Moyle, P.R., 1999, Selenium residence in the Phosphoria Formation [abstract]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 31, no. 7, p. A35. Grauch, R.I., Meeker, G.P., Herring, J.R., Tysdal, R.G., Desborough, G.A., Johnson, E.A., and Moyle, P.R., 2000b, Selenium, phosphate mining and the environment [abstract]: Northwest Mining Association 106th Annual Meeting, USGS Open Industry Briefing, December 5, 2000. Gulbrandsen, R.A., 1966, Chemical composition of phosphorites of the Phosphoria Formation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 30, no. 8, p. 769-778. Gulbrandsen, R.A., and Krier, D.J., 1980, Large and rich phosphorus resources in the Phosphoria Formation in the Soda Springs area southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1496, 25 p. Herring, J.R., 1995, Permian phosphorites; a paradox of phosphogenesis in, Scholle, P.A., Peryt, T.M., and Ulmer-Scholle, D.S. (eds.), The Permian of northern Pangea; v. 2, Sedimentary basins and economic resources: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 292-312.

Herring, J.R., Desborough, G.A., Tysdal, R.G., Grauch, R.I., and Gunter, M.E., 1999a, Selenium in weathered and unweathered parts of the Meade Peak Phosphatic member of the Phosphoria Formation, southeastern Idaho [abstract]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Rocky Mountain Section, April 1999. Herring, J.R., Desborough, G.A., Wilson, S.A., Tysdal, R.G., Grauch, R.I., and Gunter, M.E., 1999b, Chemical composition of weathered and unweathered strata of the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale Member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation—A. Measured sections A and B, central part of Rasmussen Ridge, Caribou County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-147-A, 24 p. Herring, J.R., and Fantel, R.J., 1993, Phosphate rock demand into the next century: impact on world food supply: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 2, no. 3, p. 226-246. Herring, J.R., Grauch, R.I., Desborough, G.A., Tysdal, R.G., 1999c, Environmentally sensitive trace elements in weathered and unweathered parts of the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale Member of the Phosphoria Formation, southeastern Idaho, U.S. [abstract]: SGA/IAGOD meeting in London, August, 1999. Herring, J.R., Grauch, R.I., Desborough, G.A., Wilson, S.A., and Tysdal, R.G., 2000a, Chemical composition of weathered and less weathered strata of the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale Member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation—C. Measured sections E and F, Rasmussen Ridge, Caribou County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99147-C, 35 p. Herring, J.R., Grauch, R.I., Tysdal, R.G., Wilson, S.A., and Desborough, G.A., 2000b, Chemical composition of weathered and less weathered strata of the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale Member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation--D. Measured sections G and H, Sage Creek Canyon area of the Webster Range, Caribou County, Idaho, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-147-D, 38 p. Herring, J.R., and Stowasser, W.F., 1991, Phosphate—our nation's most important agricultural mineral commodity and its uncertain future: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 23, no. 5, p. 299-300. Herring, J.R., Wilson, S.A., Stillings, L.A., Knudsen, A.C., Gunter, M.E., Tysdal, R.G., Grauch, R.I., Desborough, G.A., and Zielinski, R.A., 2000c, Chemical composition of weathered and less weathered strata of the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale Member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation—B. Measured sections C and D, Dry Valley, Caribou County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-147-B, 33 p. Lee, W.H., 2001, A history of phosphate mining in southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-425 (CD-ROM), 253 p. Mansfield, G.R., 1918, Origin of the western phosphates of the United States: American Journal of Science, 4th Series, v. 46, no. 274, article 27, pp. 591-598. ---, 1920, Geography, geology and mineral resources of the Fort Hall Indian Reservation, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 713, 152 p. ---, 1927, Geography, geology, and mineral resources of part of southeastern Idaho with a description of Carboniferous and Triassic fossils, by G. H. Girty: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 152, 453 p. ---, 1933, The western phosphate field, in Ore deposits of the western states (Lindgren Volume): New York, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, p.

McKelvey, V.E., Armstrong, F.C., Gulbrandsen, R.A., and Campbell, R.M., 1953a, Stratigraphic sections of the Phosphoria Formation in Idaho, 1947-48, pt. 2: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 301, 52 p. McKelvey, V.E., Davidson, D.F., O'Malley, F.W., and Smith, L.E., 1953b, Stratigraphic sections of the Phosphoria Formation in Idaho, 1947-48, pt. 1: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 208, 49 p. ---, 1959, The Phosphoria, Park City, and Shedhorn Formations in the western phosphate field: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 313-A, 47 p. ---, 1967, The Phosphoria, Park City, and Shedhorn Formations in western phosphate field, in Anatomy of the western phosphate field, a guide to the geologic occurrence, exploration methods, mining engineering, and recovery technology: Intermountain Association of Geologists, 15th Annual Field Conference, p. 15-33. Piper, D.Z., 1974, Rare earth elements in the sedimentary cycle: a summary: Geochemical Geology, v. 14, no. 4, p. 285-304. Piper, D.Z., 1999a, Trace elements and major-element oxides in the Phosphoria Formation at Enoch Valley, Idaho—Permian Sources and current reactivities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-163, 66 p. Piper, D. Z., 1999b, Ancient sources and current hosts and reactivities of trace elements in the Phosphoria Formation [abstract]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Rocky Mountain Section, April 1999. Service, A.L., 1966, An evaluation of the western phosphate industry and its resources (in five parts), 3. Idaho: U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 6801, 201 p. ---, 1967, Evaluation of the phosphate reserves in southeastern Idaho, in Hale, L.A., ed., Anatomy of the western phosphate field, a guide to the geologic occurrence, exploration methods, mining engineering, and recovery technology: Intermountain Association of Geologists, 15th Annual Field Conference, p. 73-96. Service, A.L., and Popoff, C.C., 1964, An evaluation of the western phosphate industry and its resources (in five parts), pt. 1. Introductory review: U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 6485, 86 p. Sheldon, R.P., 1963, Physical stratigraphy and mineral resources of Permian rocks in western Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 313-B, p. B49-B273. ---, 1989, Phosphorite deposits of the Phosphoria Formation, western United States, in Notholt, A.J.G., Sheldon, R.P., and Davidson, D.F., eds., Phosphate deposits of the world: Cambridge, U.K., Cambridge University Press, v. 2, p. 55-61. Van Wazer, J.R., 1961, Phosphorus and its compounds - volume II: technology, biological functions, and applications: New York, Interscience Publishers, Inc., p. 955-2046.

APPENDIX A. Data Tables

Table A-1. Sample descriptions and locations.

Table A-2. Individual and ICP-10 analyses.

Table A-3. ICP-16 analyses.

Table A-4. ICP-40 analyses.

Table A-1. Sample descriptions and locations.

SAMPLE INFORMATION LOCATION FIELD NUMBER LAB NUMBER SITE NAME FEATURE TYPE LITHOLOGY DATE QUADRANGLE MAP COUNTY STATE LON_dec LAT_dec TWSP RANGE SECTION PARCEL WPD2001C C-136960 Champ Mine waste dump composite black shale & limestone 06/19/99 Dry Valley Caribou ID -111.2712 9 S 44 E NNE WPD2002C C-136961 Mountain Fuel Mine waste dump composite black shale & limestone 06/19/99 Dry Valley Caribou ID -111.2758 9 S 44 E NSE WPD2003C C-136962 Mountain Fuel Mine waste dump composite black shale & limestone 06/19/99 Dry Valley Caribou ID -111.2859 9 S 44 E NWNW WPD2004C C-136963 Diamond Gulch Mine waste dump composite black shale & limestone 06/20/99 Fossil Canyon Caribou ID -111.4401 9 S 43 E NENW WPD2005C C-136964 Ballard Mine waste dump composite shale 06/21/99 Lower Valley Caribou ID -111.4730 7 S 43 E NWNE WPD2006C C-136965 Maybe Canyon adit waste dump composite black shale 06/24/99 Dry Valley Caribou ID -111.2982 8 S 44 E WNE WPD2007C C-136966 Home Canyon Mine waste dump composite black shale 06/25/99 Montpelier Canyon Bear Lake ID -111.2353 12 S 45 E SWSE WPD2008C C-136967 Home Canyon Mine stockpile composite phosphorite 06/25/99 Montpelier Canyon Bear Lake ID -111.2350 12 S 45 E SWSW WPD2009C C-175612 Little Diamond waste dump composite black shale & phosphorite 06/08/00 Billies Mountain Utah UT -111.4654 8 S 4 E SE WPD2010C C-175613 Benjamin Mine waste dump composite black shale & phosphorite 06/09/00 Rex Peak Rich UT -111.0791 11 N 8 E NWSE WPD2011C C-175614 Cokeville Mine stockpile composite shale & oolitic phosphorite 06/11/00 Cokeville Lincoln WY -110.9374 24 N 119 W NENW WPD2012C C-175615 South Mountain Mine waste dump composite black oolitic phosphorite 06/11/00 Sublet Lincoln WY -110.5823 23 N 116 W SE WPQ2013C C-175616 Hot Springs Mine outcrop chip (4.5') flat-lying organic-rich shale & phosphorite 06/13/00 Bear Lake North Bear Lake ID -111.2528 15 S 44 E NWSE WPD2014C C-175617 Raymond Creek waste dump composite black shale 06/13/00 Geneva Lincoln WY -111.0217 26 N 119 W NWNE WPD2015C C-175618 Dry Creek - USBM adit waste dump composite black shale 06/14/00 Red Top Mountain Lincoln WY -110.8729 31 N 118 W NW WPD2016C C-175619 Rattle Snake Mine waste dump composite brown-black shale 06/21/00 Fossil Canyon Bear Lake ID -111.3948 10 S 43 E SWSE WPD2017C C-175620 Wooley Valley Mine, Unit 1 waste dump composite brown-black shale 06/23/00 Lower Valley Caribou ID -111.3866 SWSW WPD2018C C-175621 Henry Mine, central waste dump composite gray-black shale 06/23/00 Lower Valley Caribou ID -111.4764 NE WPD2019C C-175622 Wooley Valley Mine, Unit 4, face level 5 waste dump composite dark brown shale 06/23/00 Lower Valley Caribou ID -111.3913 NE WPD2020C C-175623 Wooley Valley Mine, Unit 4, face level 4 waste dump composite brown-black shale & chert 06/23/00 Lower Valley Caribou ID -111.3927 NE WPD2021C C-175624 Wooley Valley Mine, Unit 4, face level 3 waste dump composite brown-black shale & chert 06/23/00 Lower Valley Caribou ID -111.3945 NE WPD2022C C-175625 Wooley Valley Mine, Unit 4, face level 2 waste dump composite brown shale, chert, limestone, & siltstone 06/23/00 Lower Valley Caribou ID -111.3960 NE

Table A-1. Sample descriptions and locations. - continued

SAMPLE INFORMATION LOCATION FIELD NUMBER LAB NUMBER SITE NAME FEATURE TYPE LITHOLOGY DATE QUADRANGLE MAP COUNTY STATE LON_dec LAT_dec TWSP RANGE SECTION PARCEL WPD2023C C-175626 Wooley Valley Mine, Unit 4, face level 1 waste dump composite gray-brown shale, chert, siltstone, & limestone 06/23/00 Lower Valley Caribou ID -111.3966 NE WPD2024C C-175627 Woodall Mountain Mine waste dump composite gray-black shale 06/26/00 Soda Springs Caribou ID -111.5094 NE WPD2025C C-175628 Conda Mine waste dump composite tan-brown shale, limestone, & pelletal phosphorite 06/26/00 Soda Springs Caribou ID -111.5156 SWSWSW WPQ2026C C-175629 Gay Mine mill shale pile composite gray-black shale 06/26/00 Yandell Springs Bannock ID -112.1264 NWNE WPD2027C C-175630 Gay Mine waste dump composite brown-gray shale & limestone 06/26/00 Yandell Springs Bingham ID -112.1294 E NW WPQ2028C C-175631 Georgetown Mine - plant slag pile select gray, metallic 06/26/99 Harrington Peak Bear Lake ID -111.2617 NENW WPD2029C C-185794 Georgetown Canyon - Church Hollow tailings composite brownish-gray, fine-grained, phosphatic shale w/ peasized gravel 09/12/00 Harrington Peak Bear Lake ID -111.2792 10 S 44 E NESESW WPD2030C C-185795 Waterloo Mine waste dump composite dark gray to black phosphatic shale 09/12/00 Montpelier Canyon Bear Lake ID -111.2400 13 S 45 E NENW WPD2031C C-185796 Waterloo Mine waste dump composite beige-tan fissile sandy shale and limestone w/ brown-orange iron oxide stains 09/12/00 Montpelier Canyon Bear Lake ID -111.2397 13 S 45 E NENW

Table A-2. Individual and ICP-10 analyses. (C_Tot, total carbon; C_Crbt, carbonate C; ppm, parts per million; %, percent; NA not analyzed; less than). INDIVIDUAL ANALYSES ICP-10 PACKAGE ANALYSES SAMPLE FIELD NUMBER As, ppm Hg, ppm Se, ppm Sb, ppm Te, ppm Tl, ppmC_Tot, % CO2, % C_Crbt, % S, % Ag, ppm As, ppm Au, ppm Bi, ppm Cd, ppm Cu, ppm Mo, ppm Pb, ppm Sb, ppm Zn, ppm WPD2001C WPD2002C WPD2003C WPD2004C WPD2005C WPD2006C WPD2007C WPD2008C WPD2009C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2010C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2011C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2012C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPQ2013C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2014C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2015C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2016C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2017C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2018C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2019C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2020C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2021C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2022C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2023C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2024C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2025C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPQ2026C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2027C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPQ2028C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2029C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2030C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA WPD2031C NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Table A-3. ICP-16 analyses (ppm, parts per million; %, percent; less than; greater than).

ICP-16 PACKAGE ANALYSES SAMPLE FIELD NUMBER Al, % Ca, % Fe, % K, % Mg, % Na, % P, % Si, % Ti, % Ba, ppm Cr, ppm Mn, ppm Nb, ppm Sr, ppm Y, ppm Zr, ppm WPD2001C 3.37 12.90 1.62 1.43 0.56 0.60 5.05 19.80 0.23 <10 WPD2002C 2.55 1.83 1.02 0.72 2.09 26.00 0.29 <10 WPD2003C 2.30 1.88 0.18 0.92 3.76 23.00 0.33 <10 WPD2004C 2.40 20.50 1.15 0.92 0.39 0.63 8.15 13.90 0.15 <10 WPD2005C 4.02 11.30 1.98 1.83 0.50 0.59 3.29 20.40 0.26 WPD2006C 1.10 25.80 0.60 0.55 0.95 0.77 10.50 6.26 0.08 <10 WPD2007C 2.18 22.30 0.99 0.73 0.62 0.42 7.32 11.00 0.16 <10 WPD2008C 1.46 26.80 0.69 0.50 0.35 0.30 9.37 7.12 0.10 WPD2009C 0.41 33.70 0.50 0.23 0.17 0.97 11.80 4.62 0.03 <10 WPD2010C 0.98 29.90 0.55 0.48 0.58 0.82 11.10 6.82 0.08 <10 WPD2011C 1.51 25.20 0.76 0.82 0.86 0.52 9.38 7.79 0.10 <10 WPD2012C 1.99 1.81 1.61 0.46 1.88 23.60 0.31 <10 WPQ2013C 2.49 20.10 1.34 1.11 0.49 0.17 7.09 11.10 0.14 <10 WPD2014C 3.85 11.60 1.69 1.90 1.22 0.76 2.59 19.20 0.26 <10 WPD2015C 2.21 1.94 1.00 0.51 2.05 22.20 0.33 <10 WPD2016C 1.39 27.40 0.70 0.78 1.01 0.33 9.64 7.63 0.08 <10 WPD2017C 3.55 11.90 1.74 1.34 0.45 0.51 4.94 18.60 0.22 <10 WPD2018C 2.40 1.69 0.61 0.50 1.59 29.10 0.31 WPD2019C 3.33 10.20 1.68 1.24 1.11 0.65 3.41 24.10 0.23 <10 WPD2020C 4.20 10.80 1.88 1.40 0.50 0.62 4.34 23.40 0.27 <10 WPD2021C 1.21 17.60 0.57 0.53 8.31 0.24 1.44 9.89 0.08 <10 WPD2022C 1.82 1.44 0.85 0.46 3.68 24.10 0.26 WPD2023C 1.83 1.55 0.24 0.70 3.85 24.90 0.30 <10 WPD2024C 3.57 13.40 1.93 1.66 0.73 0.45 5.22 17.50 0.22 WPD2025C 1.27 24.60 0.36 0.68 3.77 0.32 7.68 6.87 0.08 <10 WPQ2026C 3.15 19.00 1.45 1.29 0.28 0.24 7.90 16.80 0.19 WPD2027C 1.69 1.49 1.22 0.59 2.12 26.90 0.24 <10 WPQ2028C >30 0.20 0.14 0.07 18.00 6.08 1.50 WPD2029C 3.03 14.80 1.54 1.24 0.95 0.38 4.66 18.40 0.19 WPD2030C 2.52 15.00 1.03 1.31 3.44 0.31 3.00 12.80 0.15 <10 WPD2031C 3.11 12.00 1.39 1.17 0.69 0.45 0.37 20.80 0.21 <10

Table A-4. ICP-40 analyses (ppm, parts per million; %, percent; less than).

ICP-40 PACKAGE ANALYSES SAMPLE FIELD NUMBER Al, % Ca, % Fe, % K, % Mg, % Na, % P, % Ti, % Ag, ppm As, ppm Au, ppm Ba, ppm Be, ppm Bi, ppm Cd, ppm Ce, ppm Co, ppm Cr, ppm Cu, ppm Eu, ppm WPD2001C

&lt;50 Wpd2002C

&lt;50 Wpd2003C

&lt;50 Wpd2004C

&lt;50 Wpd2005C

&lt;50 Wpd2006C

<50

Wpd2007C

<50

Wpd2008C

<50

Wpd2009C

<50

Wpd2010C

<50

Wpd2011C

<50

Wpd2012C

&lt;50 Wpq2013C

<50

Wpd2014C

&lt;50 Wpd2015C

&lt;50 Wpd2016C

<50

Wpd2017C

&lt;50 Wpd2018C

&lt;50 Wpd2019C

&lt;50 Wpd2020C

&lt;50 Wpd2021C

<10

<50

Wpd2022C

&lt;50 Wpd2023C

<50

Wpd2024C

&lt;50 Wpd2025C &lt;10

<50

Wpq2026C

<50

Wpd2027C

<50

Wpq2028C

Wpd2029C

<50

Wpd2030C

<50

Wpd2031C

<10

<50

Table A-4. ICP-40 analyses (ppm, parts per million; %, percent; less than). - continued

ICP-40 PACKAGE ANALYSES SAMPLE FIELD NUMBER Ga, ppm Ho, ppm La, ppm Li, ppm Mn, ppm Mo, ppm Nb, ppm Nd, ppm Ni, ppm Pb, ppm Sc, ppm Sn, ppm Sr, ppm Ta, ppm Th, ppm U, ppm V, ppm Y, ppm Yb, ppm Zn, ppm WPD2001C

&lt;50 &lt;40 Wpd2002C

&lt;50 &lt;40 Wpd2003C

&lt;50 &lt;40 Wpd2004C

&lt;50 &lt;40 Wpd2005C

&lt;50 &lt;40 Wpd2006C

&lt;50 &lt;40 Wpd2007C

<50 <40

Wpd2008C

&lt;50 &lt;40 Wpd2009C

<50 <40

Wpd2010C

<50 <40

Wpd2011C

<50 <40

Wpd2012C &lt;50 &lt;40 Wpq2013C

<50 <40

Wpd2014C

&lt;50 &lt;40 Wpd2015C &lt;50 &lt;40 Wpd2016C

<50 <40

WPD2017C <50 <40 WPD2018C <50 <40 WPD2019C <50 <40 WPD2020C <50 <40 WPD2021C

<50 <40

Wpd2022C &lt;50 &lt;40 Wpd2023C &lt;50 &lt;40 Wpd2024C &lt;50 &lt;40

Wpd2025C

<50 <40

Wpq2026C

<50 <40

Wpd2027C &lt;50 &lt;40 Wpq2028C

&lt;50 &lt;40 Wpd2029C

&lt;50 &lt;40 Wpd2030C

&lt;50 &lt;40 Wpd2031C

<50 <40

APPENDIX B. Metadata

Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Phillip R. Moyle and J. Douglas Causey Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Chemical Composition of Samples Collected from Waste Rock Dumps and Other Mining-Related Features at Selected Phosphate Mines in Southeastern Idaho, Western Wyoming, and Northern Utah Edition: 1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: Open File Report Issue_Identification: OF 01-411 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA Publisher: U. S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of01-411 Description: Abstract: This text file contains chemical analyses for 31 samples collected from various phosphate mine sites in southeastern Idaho (25), northern Utah (2), and western Wyoming (4). Purpose: The sampling effort was undertaken as a reconnaissance and does not constitute a characterization of mine wastes. Twenty-five samples were collected from waste rock dumps, 2 from stockpiles, and 1 each from slag, tailings, mill shale, and an outcrop. All samples were analyzed for a suite of major, minor, and trace elements. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2001 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -112.1294 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -110.5823 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 43.0326 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.1008 Keywords:

Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None. Theme_Keyword: chemical analysis Theme_Keyword: ICP Theme_Keyword: Phosphate Theme_Keyword: Sample Theme_Keyword: mine waste Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Idaho Place_Keyword: Utah Place_Keyword: Wyoming Place_Keyword: Rich County Place_Keyword: Caribou County Place_Keyword: Bear Lake County Place_Keyword: Bingham County Place_Keyword: Bannock County Place_Keyword: Lincoln County Place_Keyword: Utah County Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Any hardcopies utilizing these data sets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, they are obligated to describe the types of modifications they have performed. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent these data sets, nor to imply that changes they made were approved by the U.S. Geological Survey. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Phil Moyle Contact_Organization: U. S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 904 W. Riverside Ave., Rm 202 City: Spokane State_or_Province: WA Postal_Code: 99201-1087 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 509.368.3109 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 509.368.3199 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pmoyle@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.0 (Build 2195) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 8.1.1.649

Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Attribute accuracy was verified by manual comparison of the source with topographic maps Logical_Consistency_Report: Longitude and latitude information is unique location for each point Completeness_Report: All data created by this project Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: +- 10 meters Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Data reported on spreadsheet was copied and pasted to text file. Process_Date: 2001 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: J. Douglas Causey Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 904 W. Riverside Ave., Rm 202 City: Spokane State_or_Province: WA Postal_Code: 99201-1087 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 509.368.3116 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 509.368.3199 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dcausey@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: 8-4 PST Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The columns and their definitions are listed below. All values that were less than were converted to minus (-). Samples were processed by several methods. As a result, there was duplication of analyses for some elements.

Rock samples were air dried followed by disaggregation in a mechanical jaw crusher. A split was ground to <100 mesh (0.15 mm) in a ceramic plate grinder. A riffle splitter was used to

obtain splits to ensure similarity with the whole sample. One set of splits for all samples was archived, and approximately 50-g splits of ground material was shipped to the contract laboratory for analysis.

Forty major, minor, and trace elements were determined for all 31 samples by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), also referred to as the ICP-40 package, after low-temperature (<150oC) digestion using concentrated hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, nitric, and perchloric acids (Crock and others, 1983).

Splits of all samples were also submitted to a contract laboratory for analysis of 16 major, minor, and trace elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Nb, P, K, Si, Na, Sr, Ti, Y, Zr) by ICPAES using a lithium metaborate fusion. This technique, also referred to as the ICP-16 package, was used especially to provide analysis of silicon (Si) for these siliceous, phosphatic shale samples. The samples were fused with lithium metaborate in a graphite crucible. In-house standards, and synthetic standards were used to calibrate the instrument. Sample solutions were aspirated into the ICP through a high-solids nebulizer, and metal concentrations were measured simultaneously. Selenium, arsenic, and antimony analyses were accomplished using hydride generation followed by atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy. Tellurium and thallium were determined using AA graphite furnace spectroscopy. Total sulfur and the various forms of carbon were determined using a LECO furnace followed by gas chromatographic measurement.

Eight samples were also submitted for a 10-element ICP-AES technique, also referred to as ICP- 10, for determination of Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn. Hydrochloric acidhydrogen peroxide were used to solubilize metals not tightly bound in the silicate lattice of rocks, and metals are extracted as organic halides. Concentrations of the extracted metals were determined simultaneously after aspiration into a multichannel ICP instrument. This procedure is a partial digestion and results may be biased low when compared to procedures involving complete dissolution of the sample.

SEQ_NO -Unique sequence number LAB_NO -Laboratory number SAMPLE_NO -Field sample number DATE_COLL -Date sample collected SAMP_TYPE -Type of sample taken FEAT_SAMP -Mine feature sampled LITHOLOGY -Rock type sampled SITE_NAME -Name of mine or property where sample collected QUAD_MAP -U.S. Geological Survey 7.5' Topographic map upon which site is located COUNTY -County STATE -State LONGITUDE -Longitude of sample taken with GPS LATITUDE -Latitude of sample taken with GPS MERIDIAN -Meridian TWSP -Township

RANGE -Range SECTION -Section PARCEL -Fractional part of section -Arsenic in parts per million analyzed by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry -Mercury in parts per million analyzed by cold vapor atomic absorption -Selenium in parts per million analyzed by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry -Antimony in parts per million analyzed by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry -Tellurium in parts per million analyzed by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry -Thallium in parts per million analyzed by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry C_Tot_pct -Carbon in percent analyzed by combustion in an oxygen atmosphere followed by infrared measurement of evolved CO2 -Carbon dioxide in percent evolved after acidification -Carbonate (inorganic) carbon in percent analyzed by coulometric titration after acidification S_Tot_pct -Sulfur in percent analyzed by combustion in an oxygen atmosphere followed by infrared measurement of evolved SO2 -Silver in parts per million analyzed by 10 element method -Arsenic in parts per million analyzed by 10 element method -Gold in parts per million analyzed by 10 element method -Bismuth in parts per million analyzed by 10 element method -Cadmium in parts per million analyzed by 10 element method -Copper in parts per million analyzed by 10 element method -Molybdenum in parts per million analyzed by 10 element method -Lead in parts per million analyzed by 10 element method -Antimony in parts per million analyzed by 10 element method -Zinc in parts per million analyzed by 10 element method Al_16_pct -Aluminum in percent analyzed by 16 element method Ca_16_pct -Calcium in percent analyzed by 16 element method Fe_16_pct -Iron in percent analyzed by 16 element method K_16_pct -Potassium in percent analyzed by 16 element method -Magnesium in percent analyzed by 16 element method Na_16_pct -Sodium in percent analyzed by 16 element method P_16_pct -Phosphorous in percent analyzed by 16 element method Si_16_pct -Silicon in percent analyzed by 16 element method Ti_16_pct -Titanium in percent analyzed by 16 element method -Barium in parts per million analyzed by 16 element method -Chromium in parts per million analyzed by 16 element method -Manganese in parts per million analyzed by 16 element method -Niobium in parts per million analyzed by 16 element method -Strontium in parts per million analyzed by 16 element method -Yittrium in parts per million analyzed by 16 element method

-Zirconium in parts per million analyzed by 16 element method Al_40_pct -Aluminum in percent analyzed by 40 element method -Calcium in percent analyzed by 40 element method Fe_40_pct -Iron in percent analyzed by 40 element method K_40_pct -Potassium in percent analyzed by 40 element method -Magnesium in percent analyzed by 40 element method Na_40_pct -Sodium in percent analyzed by 40 element method P_40_pct -Phosphorous in percent analyzed by 40 element method Ti_40_pct -Titanium in percent analyzed by 40 element method -Silver in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Arsenic in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Gold in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Barium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Beryllium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Bismuth in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Cadmium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Cerium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Cobalt in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Chromium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Copper in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Europium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Gallium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Holmium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Lanthanium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Lithium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Manganese in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Molybdenum in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Niobium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Neodymium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Nickel in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Lead in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Scandium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Tin in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Strontium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Tantalum in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Thorium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Uranium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Vanadium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Yittrium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method -Ytterbium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method Zn_40_ppm -Zirconium in parts per million analyzed by 40 element method Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Hours_of_Service: 24 hours Contact_Instructions: This report is only available in electronic format at URL http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov /open-file/of01-411/ or via anonymous FTP from geopubs.wr.usgs.gov, in the directory pub/open-file/of01-411. Distribution_Liability: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides these geographic data "as is". The USGS makes no guarantee or warranty concerning the accuracy of information contained in the geographic data. The USGS further make no warranties, either expressed or implied as to any other matter whatsoever, including, without limitation, the condition of the product, or its fitness for any particular purpose. The burden for determined fitness for use lies lies entirely with the user. Although these data have been processed successfully on computers at the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS regarding the use of these data on any other system, nor does the fact of distribution constite or imply any such warranty.

In no event shall the USGS have any liability whatsoever for payment of any consequential, incidental, indirect, special, or tort damages of any kind, including, but not limited to, any loss of profits arising out of the delivery, installation, operation, or support by the USGS. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ASCII Format_Version_Number: 1 File_Decompression_Technique: no compression applied Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of01-411 Fees: None Ordering_Instructions: Web only publication Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20020103 Metadata_Future_Review_Date: None Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Person: J. Douglas Causey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 904 W. Riverside Ave., Rm 202 City: Spokane State_or_Province: WA Postal_Code: 99208-1087 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 509.368.3116 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 509.368.3199 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dcausey@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: 8-4 PST Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None