[County reports and maps.] Fayette County
From the year 1888, the first for which we have exact records of Fayette County's coal production, up to and including 1918
Overview
[County reports and maps.] Fayette County is a 1919 historical mining reference by West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, preserved in the Mountain Man Mining research library, focused on coal West Virginia geology. From the year 1888, the first for which we have exact records of Fayette County's coal production, up to and including 1918…
This 1919 document, [County reports and maps.] Fayette County, is preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library for research and reference. Original source: archive.org.
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West Virginia
Geological Survey
Fayette County
By
RAY V. HENNEN, Assistant Geologist
Assisted by
D. D. TEETS, Jr., Field Assistant
Assisted in Office by
R. C. TUCKER and A. M. HAGAN
I. C. WHITE, State Geologist 1919
Wheeling News Litho. Co.
Wheeling, W Va
r
I
I
Geological Survey Commission.
JOHN J. CORXWELL President
V Governor Of West Virginia.
Treasurer Of West Virginia.
FRANK B. TROTTER Secretary
President, West Virginia University.
J. L. COULTER Executive OiKcer.
DIRECTOR, STATE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENl STATION.
State Board Of Control.
E. B. STEPHENSOlv President
J. M. WILLIAMSON Atiditor and Treasurer
JAMES S. LAKIN Purchasing Agent
Scientific Staff.
Superintendent Of The Survey.
W. ARIM STRONG PRICE Paleontologist
D. D. TEETS, Jr., (to Sept. 15, 1916) Field Assistant
A. M. HAGAN Temporary OfUce Assistant
MARGARET BUCHANAN Temporary Office Assistant
JAMES D. SISLER Temporary Office Assistant
BERT H. HITE Chief Chemist
JAN B. KRAK Assistant Chemist
J. LEWIS WILLIAMS Chief Clerk
MARIE STENGER Stenographer
Letter Of Transmittal.
To His Excellency, Hon, John J. Cornzvell, Governor of West Virginia, and President of the West Virginia Geological Survey Commission:
Sir : ( have the honor to transmit herewith the Detailed Report and Topographic and Geologic Maps covering Fayette County. This splendid volume full of accurate and carefully assembled data concerning the natural resources of the county in question marks the close of its author's (Ray V. Hennen) connection with the West Virginia Geological Survey. Like the other publications prepared by Mr. Hennen, this volume is replete with most valuable information upon which those interested in the mineral and other natural resources of Fayette County can rely with the 'utmost confidence. It is with much regret that the Survey now loses the valuable services of Mr. Hennen after a membership on its staff for more than 15 years. In view of the limited salaries available for ill State officers, the State Geologist could not ask Mr. Hennen to remain longer in this service, since his compensation for private professional work brings him several times the annual salary ($3,000) which our appropriations could award. In fact, for many years, Mr. Hennen has remained on our staff at a large personal financial sacrifice simply from a sense of loyalty to his native State and to his chief under whom he has served the State so long and faithfully. It is therefore very fitting that the last work of Mr. Hennen on the Geological Survey should have been the description and mapping of the natural resources of one of the greatest coal counties of our Commonwealth, and one which for many years held the primacy in coal production over all the other counties of West Virginia. This county (Fayette) yielded the palm to McDowell in 1903, only to recover first place again in 1904, and then to yield it finally to McDowell in the next year (1905) but occupying second place in production over all the other counties of the State ever since.
LETTKR or TRANSMITTAL. Vll
From the year 1888, the first for which we have exact records of Fayette County's coal production, up to and including 1918, the output of coal in Fayette County has totaled ^bout 250 million short tons, and probably about 265 million for the county's entire coal history, since her commercial production did not fairly begin until the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad was opened to traffic between Richmond and Huntington in January, 1873. Based upon Mr. Hennen's field work and surveys, Mr. R. C. Tucker, of the Survey Staff, has calculated that Fayette County originally contained, in round numbers, 72 million short tons of Allegheny Coals, 2,735 million tons of Kanawha Coals, 1,410 million tons of New River Coals, and 202 million tons of Pocahontas Coals, or a total of 1,420,000,000 short tons of coal. With an estimated allowance of 20 per cent, for loss and waste in mining, there would result (4,420,000,000—884,000,000) 3,536,000,000, or over 3>4 billion short tons of coal in Fayette County originally available for use, of which approximately 7j4 per cent. (265 million tons) has already been taken out, leaving 3,271,000,000 short tons yet to be mined and marketed. The rapid increase in Fayette County's coal production as shown on page 375 for the past 28 years renders it practically certain that this increase will continue until it attains a maximum of 20 to 25 million tons annually at which rate It would require a period of only 130 to 160 years to exhaust the same completely. Hence the rirh resources of the purest coals in the world should be carefully husbanded and not destroyed by improvident mining plans as in the past, and also through the use of the old-fashioned Leehivc coke ovens instead of the modern by-product process. Fayette County is doubly fortunate not only in the possession of a vast supply of matchless roads that can not become completely exhausted for a century to come, but also in the rapid fall of a great river flowing swiftly through her center with untold capabilities in the generation of electric powc" that can either be used for manufacturing purposes within her own borders, or transported by wire to both near and distant users. The great resources of the New River for thi?» purpose should not be permitted longer to run unused to the sea, but should be utilized in order to prolong the all too brief
Vlll LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
duration of Fayette's splendid coal fields. With the rocky banks and bottom of the New River gorge, dams of 50 to 100 feet in height, can, with the aid of modern engineering skill, be constructed so as to be absolutely safe from giving away during floods, etc., and the State should speedily enact the legislation necessary to secure the utilization of this great source of power now going to waste. There is a descent of 670 feet in the 89 miles between Hinton and Gauley Bridge in the flow of New River's immense volume of water, Kanawha Falls, 2 miles below its mouth, being the only point where any of its water is utilized for power within the State.
I. C. White,
State Geologist, Morgantown, W. Va., June 15, 1919.
Contents.
Page Members of Geological Survey Commission and State
Board of Control Hi
Members of Scientific Staff v
Letter of Transmittal vi-viii
Table of Contents ix-xiv
List of Illustrations xv-xviii
Author's Preface xix-xxill
Introductory Note by I. C. White on Bore Hole Records Received too late to be embodied in the volume proper xxlv-xxxii
E3rrata xxxiii
Part I. History And Physiography.
Chapter I. — Historical and Industrial Development 1-31
Location 1
Transportation 2-18
Water Ways 2-9
Steam Railroads 9-15
Highways 16-18
General Description 18-31
Miscellaneous Items 18-20
Towns and Industries 21-29
Climate 29-31
Chapter II. — Physiography 32-85
Physiographic Changes 32-37
Table of Stream Data 33-36
Drainage Basins 37-83
Topographic Features 84-85
Part Ii.— Geology.
Chapter 111. — Structure 86-96
Method of Representing Structure 86-90
Detailed Structure 90-96
General Features 90-91
Description of Folds 91-95
Unconformities and Absence of Faults 96
Chapter IV. — Stratigraphy — ^General and Special Sections 97-223
Introduction 97-98
General Sections, Allegheny, PottsviUe and Mauch Chunk
Series 98-113
Special Sections, by Magisterial Districts 113-220
Falls District 113-143
Kanawha District 144-169
Mountain Cove District 109-174
Nuttall District 174-180
Fayettevllle District 180-195
X Contents.
Page
Sewell Mountain District 195-205
Quinnlmont District 205-220
Summary 221-223
Chapter V. — Stratigraphy — Allegheny Seriea 224-229
General Description 224
Description of Members 225-229
Upper Kittanning Coal 225
Upper East Lynn Sandstone 225-226
Middle Kittanning or "North Coalburg" Coal 226-227
East Lynn Sandstone 227-228
Kittanning Sandstone 229
Clarion Coal 229
Chapter VI. — Stratigraphy — Kanawha Group of Pottsville
Series 230-293
General Account 230-231
Description of Members, Kanawha Group 231-278
Kanawha Black Flint 283-234
Upper Coalburg Sandstone 235-236
Coalburg Coal 236-239
Little Coalburg Coal 240
Lower Coalburg Sandstone 240
Buffalo Creek Coal 240
Buffalo Creek Limestone 240
Upper Winifrede Sandstone 240-241
Winifrede Coal 241
Lower Winifrede Coal 242
Lower Winifrede Sandstone 242
Chilton "A" Coal 242
Winifrede Limestone 243-244
Upper Chilton Sandstone 244
Chilton Coal 244-245
Lower Chilton Sandstone 245
Little Ohilton Coal 245
Hernshaw Sandstone 245
Hernshaw ("Black Band") Coal 246-247
Williamson Sandstone 247
Dingess Limestone 247-248
Williamson Coal 248
Upper Cedar Grove Sandstone 248-249
Seth Limestone 249
Cedar Grove Coal 249-250
Peerless Sandstone 251
Alma Coal 251-252
Campbell Creek Limestone 252
Campbell Creek Coal 253-254
:i
Contents. • Xi
Page
Lower Campbell Creek Coal 255
Powellton "A" Coal 5256
Matewan Coal 269
Matewan Sandstone 259
Eagle "A" Coal 269
Eagle Sandstone 259-260
Eagle Coal 260-261
Decota Sandstone 261
LitUe Eagle Coal. . . . , 262-263
Eagle Limestone and Shale 263-266
Little Cedar Coal 265
Lower War Eagle Sandstone 266
Upper Gilbert Sandstone 267-268
Glenalum Tunnel Coal 268-269
Lower Gilbert Sandstone 269
Gilbert Shale 270
Gilbert Coal 271
Dotson Sandstone 271-273
Douglas Coal 273-274
Lower Dotson Sandstone 274-275
Douglas Shale 275
Lower Douglas Coal 276-278
Age of Kanawha Group 279-293
Fossil Flora 279
Fossil Fauna 279-293
Type Locality of Winifrede Limestone (by W. A. Price) . 286-293
I Chapter VI 1^— Stratigraphy — New River Group^ Pottsville
Series 294-322
General Account 294-295
DeBcription of Members 295-322
Upper Nuttall Sandstone 295-296
larger "B" Coal 297
Lower Nuttall Sandstone 297-299
Lower larger Coal 303
Lower larger Shale 304
Harvey Conglomerate Sandstone 304-305
Castle Coal 305-306
Guyandot Sandstone 307
Sewell "B" Coal.. 307-309
Sewell *'A" Coal 309
Lower Guyandot Sandstone 309-310
Hartridge Black Shale 310
Sewell Coal 310-311
Welch Sandstone 311
Welch Coal 312-313
Upper Raleigh Sandstone 313-314
Little Raleigh "A'' Coal 315
Little Raleigh Coal 315-316
Lower Raleigh Sandstone 317
Xll CONTENTS.
Page
Beckley Coal 317
Quinnimont Sandstone 318
Little Fire Creek Coal 320-321
Flneville Sandstone 321-322
Chapter VIII. — Stratigraphy — Pocahontas Group, Pottsville
Series • . . . 323-331
General Account 323-324
Description of Members, Pocahontas Group 324-331
Flattop Mountain Sandstone 324-325
No. 7 Pocahontas Coal 325
Pierpont Sandstone 325-326
Royal Shale 326-327
No. 6 Pocahontas Coal 327-328
Upper Pocahontas Sandstone 328-329
No. 3 Pocahontas Coal 329
Lower Pocahontas Sandstone 329
No. 2 Pocahontas Coal 330
No. 1 Pocfahontas Coal 330
North Fork Shale 330-331
Chapter IX. — Stratigraphy — Mauch Chunk Series, Mississipplan
332-335
General Description 332-333
Description of Members 333-335
Princeton Conglomerate Sandstone 333-334
Terry Limestone 335
Part Iii.— Mineral Resources.
Chapter X.— Petroleum and Natural Gas. 336-373
Oil and Gas Horizons in West Virginia 336-338
Description of Oil-and Gas-Bearing Sands 338-340
Well Records and Prospective Oil and Gas Areas 340-373
Summarized Records 340-341 A
Palls District 342-349
Mountain Cove District 349-350
Kanawha District 350-355
Nuttall, Sewell Mountain and Quinnimont Districts 356-359
Recent Oil and Gas Development in Kanawha County 359-372
The Cabin Creek Pool 359-372
Fayetteville District 373
Chapter XI.— Coal and Coke 374-903
Statistics of Coal Production 374-38b
Minable Coal Beds in Fayette County 385
Records of Coal Test Borings 385-455
Table of. Summarized 388A-388C
Falls District 389-395
K€mawha District 395-401
Mountain Cove District 401-403
Nuttall District 403-404
Page
Rayeiteville Dtetrlct 404-442
Sewell Mountaia District 442-449
Quinnimont District 449-4B5
Minable Coals of the Allegheny Series 4B5-46S
Minable Coals of the Kanawba Group, Pottsvllle Series 470-676
Stockton Coal 470-474
Coalburg Coal 474-480
Winlfrede Coal. 480-483
Chilton Coal 484-487
Cedar Grove Coal 4s8-49 J
Alma Coal 492-498
Campbell Coal (Peerless and No. 2 Gas) Coal 498-578
Powellton CoaJ - 578-613
Eagle Coal 613-647
Little Eagle Coal 647-658
Glenalum Tunnel Coal 65S-662
Gilbert Coal 66E-672
Douglas Coal 672-678
Minable Coals of the New River Group, PottsTllle Series. . . . 676-849
Sewell Coal 676-795
Minable Coals ot tbe Pocabontas Group, Pottsvllle Series 849-866
No. 6 Pocahontas Coai 850-860
No. 3 Pocabontas Coal 861-866
Summary of Available Coal by Districts 866-868
Minable Coal by Magisterial DIatrieU 868
Tables of Coal and Coke Analyses 869-903
Table 1 — Coal Analyses by W. Va. Geological Survey 871-877
Table 2 — Coke Anaiysea by W. Va. Geological Survey 881
Table 3— Coal Analyses by U. S. Geological Survey and
U. S. Bureau of Mines 883-894
Table 4 — CoalB Analyzed for the United States Government during the Fiscal Tears 1908-1915 897
Chapter XII.— Clays, Road Material, Buddihg 3ton«, Glaw-
Sand, Water-Power, and ForMta 904-924
Clays 904-907
Absence of Development 906
Available Clay 906-907
Transported Clay 905-906
Residual Clay 906
Stratlfled Shales 906-907
Fire Clay 907
Road Material 908-909
River and Creek Gravel 908
Limestone S08
Sandstone 908-909
Brick 909
Building Stone 909-911
Qnarries 909-910
Available Stone 910-911
Olass-Sand 911-913
Quarries 911-912
Xiv Contexts.
Available Sand 912-918
Water-Power 913-922
Present Development 913-914
Available Water-Power 914-922
The Original Forests 922
The Lamber Industry 922-923
The Present Forest Conditions 923
Areas Suitable for Reforestation 923-924
Appendix '*A'' — Some Revisions in Correlation for Members
of Kanawha Group in Mingo County, West Virginia 925-928
Appendix '^B"-— Levels Above Mean Tide 929-946
Railroad Levels 929-935
U. S. Geological Survey Levels 936-946
Index 947
Illustrations.
Map 1 — Showing Topography of Fayette County. Mup II — Showing General and EJconomic Geology, Structure Contours, and Test Well Borings for Oil, Gas, and Coal.
Plates. Facing
No. Page.
L — ^View looking southeast up New River gorge, showing topography of Kanawha and New River Groups, C. & O. Railroad bridge at Hawks Nest, Lower Nutt'all Sandstone cliff at left, and Alderson Knob on sky-line Frontispiece
II. — View of Montgomery looking northward, showing topography of Kanawha Group, the Kanawha River, and main building of Preparatory Branch, W. Va. University, at left foreground.. 24
III. — ^View showing western end of Montgomery, XJ. S. Lock and Dam No. 2 on the Kanawha River, and topography of the Kanawha Group 48
IV(a) — Showing f^nails of the Kanawha River across the great' Lower Nuttall Sandstone ledge, just above Kanawha Falls station on the C. & O. Railroad 80
IV(b). — ^Another view of the* same Falls and also of the town of Glen Ferris on northwest bank of Kanawha River 80
V. — ^Vlew looking north across New River at Gauley Junction, showing tt>pography of Kanawha and New River Group". Upper and Lower Nuttall Sandstone cliffs, Guyandot Sandstone In bed of river, and C. & O. Railroad bridge 128
VI (a). — ^View looking northeast, showing New River gorge Just below NattaJlburg, topography of Kanawha and New River Groups, and outcrop of the great Lower Nuttall Sandstone near top of valley wall 160
VI (b).— View looking northward. Just below Kaymoor, showing the topography of Kanawha and New River Groups, and the outcrop of the great Lower Nuttall Sandstone along the north valley wall of New Jliver 160
Vll(a). — ^Looking due north across the valley of Sewell Creek at Myles Knob of Sewell Mountain on sky-line, showing to];)ograpiy of New River and Pocahontas Groups and Mauch Chunk Series, the cultivated fields being in the latter 192
VII (b).— Looking northward at Sims Mountain, Just south of Rai-nelle, showing fine farm surrounded by forests 192
xvi ILLUSTRATION S.
Facing Page VIII (a). — ^Typical scenery along New River, looking southeast from C. & O. Railroad bridge at Hawks Nest, white cliffs In background are Lower Nuttall Sandstone 224
VIII (b). — One of many picturesque views in Fayette, looking towards Newlyn from west valley wall of New River, showing topography of New River Group and Lower Nuttall Sandstone cliffs near sky-line 224
IX (a). — ^View looking northwest down Gauley River at Camifex Ferry at mouth of Meadow River, showing topography of New River Group and Guyandot Sandstone cliffs at water-level on left : 266
IX (b). — View looking northwest across Sewell Creek Valley from east slope of Boggs Knob at Sewell Mountain ridge on skyline, showing topography of New River and Pocahontas Groups and Mauch Chunk Series 256
X(a). — ^View looking northeast from road summit, 1% miles northeast of Ravenseye, showing com and buckwheat in shock on left and farms typical of plateau region of Fayette County 288
X(b). — View looking northwest from Gatewood across plateau upheld by Upper Nuttall Sandstone, the mountain ridge on skyline being in Kanawha Group and 3 miles west of Fayetteville 288
XI. — ^View of "Lover's Leap Rock" on north hillside of New River just below Hawks Nest, formed from cliff exposure of upper portion of Lower Nuttall Sandstone, exhibiting current-bedding in latter 82o
XII. — View showing outcrop exposures of Lower Nuttall (upper cliff) and Harvey Conglomerate Sandstones at "Lover's Leap Rock" shown on Plate XI 352
XIII. — ^View showing Falls In Wolf Creek northeast of Fayetteville over one of the sandstone ledges of the New River Group. . . 384
Xrv. — View showing concentric iron bands inclosing concretionary masses in the Dotson Sandstone in west edge of Fayetteville, characteristic of this ledge in Fayette and Raleigh Counties.. 416
XV. — ^View showing Fayette County National Bank building at Fayetteville, constructed with stone obtained at local quarries in Upper Nuttall Sandstone ledge 448
XVI.— View looking westward at Potatb Hill Knob on sky-line, showing topography of Kanawha and New River Groups, Long Branch on left and coal tipple for Mine No. 55 on Map II on right 480
•
XVII (a). —View showing 4^4 feet of No. 2 Gas Coal at opening on east side of Paint Creek, 1 mile north of Milburn, Photo by C. E. Krebs 512
ILLUSTRATIONS. XVll
Facing Page XVII(b).— View showing 4^^ feet of Powellton Coal at opening
near that above. Photo by C. E. Krcb« 512
XVll.— View showing coal tipple at Summerlee (formerly Parral) Shaft Mine— No. 144 on Map II— in the Sewell Coal bed (see pages 726-7 for description) 544
XIX. — View showing coal tipple and incline railway to opening in Sewell Coal of Marr Branch Coal Co., on west hillside of New River at Whitney; cliffs of Lower Nuttall Sandstone near sky-line. Photo furnished by C. E. Kreb« 576
XX (a). —View of the coal mining town of Kingston, looking south
Photo by A. M. Hagan 608
XX (b). — ^View of the coal mining town of Mahan on Paint Creek, looking southwest and showing topography of the Kanawha and New River Groups 608
XXI.— View 1 mile northward from Liandisburg, looking northwest down Manns Creek and showing cliffs of Upper Raleigh Sandstone on right and ground strewn with boulders of latter on left 640
XXII. — ^View showing quarry of New River Silica Co., in Upper Raleigh Sandstone on east hillside of New River, ^ mile northeast of E>phraim. (See pages 911-912 for description) 672
XXIII. — ^View showing sandstone quarry — No. 9 on Map II — i^ mile southwest of Meadowbridge (Clute P. O.) in the Princeton Conglomerate of Mauch Chunk Series; high ridge on left skyline is in* Pocahontas Group 704
XXIV. — View showing lumber yard and company store at Landis-burg, typical of the lumber industry in West Virginia, and topography of the New River Group 736
Figures. No. Page.
1. Map showing progress of Topographic and Detailed County
Geologic Surveys to September 1, 1918 xx
2. Map showing position of Fayette County in West Virginia. . . xx 2 (a) . Map showing location of bore holes of Low Moor Iron Co.
of Virginia xxv
3. Diagram showing intervals in feet between Coal Beds of the
Allegheny Series and Kanawha Group, Pottsville Series, in Fayette County 886
4. Diagram showing intervals in feet between Coal Beds of the
New River and Pocahontas Groups, Pottsville Series. Fayette County 387
5. Map showing approximate mlnable area of the Middle Kittanning
("North Coalburg") Coal 457
6. Map showing approximate mlnable area of the No. 5 Block
XVlll ILLUSTRATIONS.
Page
7. Map Bhowing approximate minable area of the Stockton Coal 472
8. Map showing appoximate minable area of the Coalburg Ck>ftl 476
9. Map showing approximate minable area of the Wlnifrede Coal 482
10. Map showing approximate minable area of the Chilton Coal 486
11. Map showing approximate minable area of the Cedar Grove
Coal , 489
12. Map showing approximate minable area of the Alma Coal... 494
13. Map showing approximate minable area of the Campbell
14. Map showing approximate minable area of the Powellton
15. Map shewing approximate minable area of the E2agle Coal . . . 615
16. Map showing approximate minable area of the Little Eagle
Coal '. 648
17. Map showing approximate minable area of the Glenalum Tun-nel
Coal 660
18. Map showing approximate minable area of the Gilbert Coal. . 664
19. Map showing approximate minable area of the Douglas Coal . . 673
20. Map showing approximate minable area of the Sewell Coal.. 678
21. Map showing approximate minable area of the Fire Creek
22. Map showing approximate minable area of the No. 6 Pocahontas
Coal 851
23. Map. showing approximate minable area of the No. 3 Pocahontas
Coal 862
Author'S Preface.
This volume (See Table of Contents) is divided into three parts as follows: Part I — History and Physiography, Chapters I and II; Part II — Geology, Structural and Stratigraphical. Chapters III to IX, inclusive; and Part III — Mineral Resources, Chapters X to XII, inclusive. Two maps accompany the volume in a separate atlas; viz, Map I, showing Topography, and Map II, showing the General and Economic Geology, and test well borings for oil, gas and coal. The latter also exhibits the structure or inclination of the strata by three sets of contours, those in green showing the approximate elevation above sea-level of the base of the No. 2 Gas Coal ; those in rod, the same for the base of the Sewell Coal ; and those in black outside Fayette in Kanawha County, the elevation below sea-level of the top of the Berea Sand. In addition to these separate maps, there are 32 Plates and 24 Figures embodied in the Report.
In Chapter III on Structure attention is called to the two tables of intervals between important members of the rock column, the first, on page 88, being based on the No. 2 Gas Coal bed; and the second, page 89, on the Sewell Coal. A liberal use of these tables in conjunction with both the topographic and structure contours shown on Map II, should enable the layman to determine at any point within the County the approximate elevation above sea-level of the coals and other important members designated in the tables in question, or other members intimately associated with them but not listed.
In order to show the true position of the several members of the rock column, it was found necessary to measui**. and compile a large number of special sections of both the surface and the underground strata, the most of which arc embodied in Chapter IV. Such material should be of special interest to the engineer, geologist, and the coal, oil and gas operators. The description of. separate members of the Alle-
Xx
Author S Preface.
(Tar , ipf , iy* , if,i> , ay
Outune Map West Virginia
H— «-1hya»»T»»>« «ip«*r-«al*» ^S^A^rm^
IfMr •'••r $■ *» »r t 9tr to
Figure 1. — See explanation on Figure.
Figure 2. — See explanation on Figure.
Author S Preface. Xxi
gheny Series is given in Chapter V; of the Kanawha Group, in Chapter VI; of the New River Group, in Chapter VII; of the Pocahontas Group, in Chapter VIII; and of the Mauch Chunk Series, in Chapter IX.
The attempts to open petroleum and natural gas pools in Fayette County have been successful in only a slight degree for the latter near Montgomery and just southwest of Belva. All the wells that have been completed within Fayette, as also a large number of wells including most of the Cabin Creek oil pool of Kanawha County are shown on Map II, many of which are listed by serial numbers and described in Chapter X. In the latter, special attention is called to Prospective Oil and Gas Territory by magisterial districts and page references in the Index under that heading.
In Chapter XI a description is given of the 20 separate minable coal beds along with that for about 200 commercial mines, several hundred prospect and other openings, alL of which are designated consecutively both on Map II and in the text by Nos. 1 to 603, inclusive. The description of any mine, opening or exposure may be quickly found in the text by reference to the heading in the Index: ''Mines, Coal, by Numbers", where all are arranged in consecutive order. Figures 4 to 23, inclusive, published in the same Chapter and page-referenced in the Table of Contents, show at a glance the regions in which the several coal beds are believed to attain
minable development. Some of these minable coals are toe thin and impure in certain localities to be profitably worked and for that reason arbitrary lines of disappearance are shown, but it must be kept in mind that there are probably small local patches of good coal in the regions indicated as barren for any bed, and likewise small areas within the shaded region where the coal may be thin and worthless. Such a representation can show only th€ approximate area of minable coal, and in regions where doubt exists, the information given in the text should be consulted freely for the character of the bed in question. The stream work on these figures is accurate since the maps are photographic reductions of the drainage as exhibited on Map I, the latter having as its base the accurate
Xxu Author S Preface.
topographic sheets of the U. S. Geological Survey.
The author spent the field season of 1916 in gathering data for this report, and was aided on this work about six weeks by D. D. Teets, Jr. R. C. Tucker and A. M. Hagan assisted in the office work, doing most of the drafting and compiling and arranging most of the tabular matter under the author's directions. During the latter part of February and the first of March of this year, A. M. Hagan visited several of the coal mines on Paint Creek and collected coal samples for analysis and calorific tests. The chemical analyses and calorimetric results, except those which have been taken from former W. Va. Geological Survey Reports and those of the U. S. Geological Survey and the U. S. Bureau of Mines, were mostly determined by J. Berghius Krak, Assistant Chemist, under the supervision and with the assistance of B. H. Hite, Chief Chemist. These are grouped into four tables
at t)ie end of Chapter X, as follows :
Pages. Table 1. — Coal Analyses determined largely in the laboratories
of the W. Va. Geological Surrey 871-877
Table 2d — Coke Analyses determined in the laboratories of the
W. Va. Geological Survey 881
Table 3. — Coal Analyses determined in the laboratories of the
U. S. Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines 883-894
Table 4. — Coals Analyzed for the United States Government during the Fiscal Years 1908-1915 by the U. S. Geological Survey g97
Owing to the reduced appropriations for Survey work, resulting in curtailment of the chemical staff, only a limited number of coal samples were collected, but the wide range covered by the four tables above mentioned should give a fair idea of the composition and character of the minable coal beds in Fayette County.
Special acknowledgment is made here for the hearty manner, with few exceptions, in which the coal, oil, and gas operators and other individuals cooperated in furnishing valuable records of well borings, sunk at private expense, and likewise for valuable information obtained from engineers, managers, and superintendents of the several companies engaged in the
author's preface. xxiii
development of the mineral and other resources of the County. Due credit for all such material received is given in the text.
Finally, as in previous Reports, the author is pleased to acknowledge the receipt of valuable suggestions from Dr. I. C. White, State Geologist, in the preparation of this Report.
RAY V. HENNEN. Morgantown, W. Va.,
June 21, 1918.
Note: — Attention is called to Appendix "A" — "Some Revisions in Correlation for Members of Kanawha Group in Mingo County, W. Va.," in which the Dingess Coal is shown to correlate with the Williamson bed and a corresponding revision of that portion of the General Section of the Kanawha Group for southern West Virginia as given on page 102 of this Report.— R. V. H. December 31, 1918.
Note By I. C. White, State Geologist, On Bore
Hole Records Through The New River
Group Received From The Low Moor
Iron Company Of Virginia.
After the forms for this report had been closed, the State Geologist received through the courtesy of F. U. Humbert, General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company of Virginia,' Low Moor, Virginia, five very valuable records of core borings put down in the vicinity of Fayetteville. These borings, beginning as they do above the great Nuttall Sandstone cliffs which overlie the famous Sewell Coal by 300 to 400 feet at top, are of especial value in giving accurate measurements between important coal horizons of the New River Group, and one of them; viz. No. 3, passes entirely through the Pottsville into the top of the Mauch Chunk or Mississippian beds. The accompanying map, reproduced from a portion of the Fayetteville quadrangle by R. C. Tucker, of the Survey Staff, gives the location of each of the five bore holes as indicated by Mr. Humbert of the Low Moor Iron Company of Virginia. In these records given below, Mr. Tucker is also responsible for the identifications of all the strata except the Sewell Coal, and he also determined the approximate tidal elevation of this important coal in the several bore holes.
Record of Bore Hole No, 1 ; Location, one-half mile east from Fayetteville on House Branch of Wolf Creek ; Elevation, top of Bore Hole, approximately 1694' A. T. :
Thickness Total Ft In. Ft. In. Gravel • 7 0 7 0
Sandstone, soft. . 3' 0' Sandstone, gray.. 3 0 Sandstone, hard,
white 27 0
Sandstone, white 73 0
Upper and J- Lower 106 0 113 0 Nuttall
Note By I. C. White.
Xxvi
Note By I. C. White.
Thickness Pt In.
Harvey ' Conolomerate
50
Shale 41
Coal, Lower larger 0
Shale, sandy 9
Sandstone,
white, very
hard 23' 0"
Sands tone,
white 27 0
Shale 29
Sandstone,
white 17' 0"
Shale 6 0 fGuyandot
Sandstone,
white 18 0
Coal, Sewell ''B". Shale
0
Total Ft. In.
41
1
7
Shale, sandy 10
tf
I 0
0
I Lower
r Guyandot 38
I
0 J
Sandstone , 6' Sands t one ,
dark 4
Shale ..; 21
Sand stone ,
white 7
Sha*le, sandy 24
Slate, grav. Hartrldge
Coal ....3' 6" (Sewell. (tidal Bone ....0 4 5 elevation, 1325')
Slate, rotten
Slate
Potten slate, coal spars
Slate to bottom
4
|W
Record of Bore Hole No. 2; Located about one mile
slightly south of east from Bore Hole No. 1, on another branch
of Wolf Creek; Top of Boring, approximately 1812' A. T. :
Thickness. Total Ft. In. Pt. In.
Quicksand and boulders
Boulders
Sand and boulders
Boulders
Sand and boulders
tallized 39' 0" |
Sandstone, crys- |
tallized, white. 24 0 | Upper Sandstone, crys- }• and
tallized 26 0 j Lower
Sandstone, crys- | Nuttall
tanized, white. 25 0 | Sandstone, white, |
hard 10 0 J
6
0
0
2
0
8
0
2
0
10
0
1
0
11
0
2
0
13
0
•"
Upper -Raleigh 83 6 544 0
NOTE BY I. C. WHITE. XXVii
Thickness Total
Pt In. Ft. In.
Shale, sandy 11 0 J
Sandstone, Harvey Conglomerate 13 0 208 0
Shale, sandy 29 0 f
Shale 20 0 J
Sandstone 11 0 306 0
Shale, sandy 4 0 310 0
Sandstone, Lower Guyandot 57. 0 367 0
Shale, Hartrldge 16 9 383 9
Coal, Sewell, (1425' A. T.) 3 0 386 9 386' 9"
Shale 7 3 394 0
Shale, sandy 30 0 424 0
Sandstone, Welch 3 0 427 0
Shale 33 6 460 6
Sandstone 3' 6
Shale 7 0
Sandstone 38 0
Conglomerate ... 2 0
Shale 11 0
Conglomerate ... 1 0 j
Shale 5 4 549 4
Coal, Little Raleigh 0 8 650 0 163'
Shale 11 0 561 0
Sandstone 3 0 564 0
Shale 25 0 589 0
Coal, bony, Beckley 10 590 0 40'
Shale and clay 2 0 592 0
Sandstone, crystallized, Qulnnlmont
45 0 637 0
Shale 21 6 658 6
Coal, Fire Creek 12 659 8 69' 8"
Sandstone 3 4 663 0
Shale 27 0 690 0
Sandstone, PInevi lie 73 0 763 0
Shale 7 o 770 0
Sandstone, Flattop Mountain 44 0 814 0
Shale, hard 19 0 835 0
Shale to bottom 10 0 845 0
Record of Bore Hole No. 3 ; Located about 3>^ miles due south from Bore Hole No. 1, on the plateau above a branch of Wolf Creek; Elevation of top of boring, approximately 1927'^ /\. 1 > t
w
ff
Note Ey 1. C. White.
Thickness Pt In.
Clay 13 1
Sandstone, crystallized, charred 0' 5"
Sandstone, crystallized 10 6
Sandstone crys- f Nuttall 74 11
tallized 21 0
Shale, dark 1 6
Sandstone, crystallized 9 6
Shale, slaty 24' 0
Shale, dark 8 0 75
Shale, sandy 30 0
Shale 13 0
Sandstone, Harvey Conglomerate 18 2
Shale 6' 0"
Shale and sandstone partings. 38 0 109 0
Shale and sandstone partings. 32 0
Sandstone, crystallized 6' 0" I Guyandot 19 0
Sandstone 13 0 J
Shale 22 0
Sandstone 8 4 J
Shale, sandy, Hartridge 4 10
Shale 8 10
Sandsitone, Welch 40 0
Shale 9 6
Sandstone 1 6
Shale sandy 8 6
iff
Shale, dark
Shale and sandstone partings . .
Sandstone 45' 0'
Sandstone, crystallized 26 0
Conglomerate ... 1 0
Sandstone, crystallized 33 0
Conglomerate ... 0 6
Sandstone, crystallized 12 6
Shale, gray 2 0
Sandstone, crystallized 2 0
Sandstone 10 6
Upper and
' Lower Raleigh 132
Total Ft. In. 13 1
»
I"
Notk By I. C. White.
Xxix
Thickness Ft In.
Flattop Mountain 46
Shale 9
Coal, Beckley 2
stone partings. 54 0 J
Coal, bony, Fire Creek 0
Shale, dark 2
Sandstone 6
stone partings.. 13' 0"
Shale, sandy. .. .27 0
Shale, dark 8 0
Sandstone, crystallized 23 6
Shale, dark
Sandstone, crystallized V 0"
Conglomerate ... 2 0
Sandstone 18 0
Sandstone, crystallized 19 0
Sandstone 6 0
Shale ". 7
Shale and sandstone partings.. 1
Sandstone 3
Shale and sandstone partings . . 3
Shale, dark 10
Shale and sandstone partings . . 5
Shale 13
Sand&tone 1' 0"
Sandstone, crystallized 16 0
Shale 2 0
Sandstone, crystallized 1 0
Sandstone 1 0
Conglomerate ... 3 0
Sandstone 11 0
Shale ". 2
Sandstone 7
Shale 1
Sandstone 39' 0"!
Sandstone 1 0 J
Shale, sandy, sandstone partings 11
Sandstone 1
Shale, sandy 1
Sandstone '. 1
Shale with coal partings 14
Sandstone, Upper Pocahontas.. 62
0
0
0
0
Total Ft. In. 593 4 595 4
Xxx
Notk By I. C. White.
Thickness Total Ft. In. Ft. In.
Shale, sandy —
0"!
Shale, dark
0
Shale, sandy.. ..
0
1
Shale
0
r 206
0
4
Shale, sandy
0
Shale
0
Shale, sandy
0
Sandstone
0"
Shale
0
Sandstone
0
Sandstone, crys
1-
tallized
0
Sandstone
L 115
0
4
Shale
0
Conglomerate . .
6
Sandstone
6
Sandstone, cry«
i-
tallized, base of
Pottsville ....
0
Shale, red, Mauch Chun
k 19
0
4
Sandstone
8
0
4
This wonderful record begins approximately 50 feet below the top of the Upper Nuttall Sandstone, and thus gives (1348' + 5(y) 1398 feet for the thickness of the New River and Pocahontas Groups of the Pottsville Series on New River, Which is only 2 feet less than the barometric measurement (140(y) obtained by the writer in 1884 and published in Bulletin 65, U.,S. Geological Survey, page 197. It will also be noted in this long section that the Becklcy Coal lies 221 feet below the Sewell, and the only representative of the Fire Creek bed is but 2 inches thick and comes 59 feet below the Beckley seam, while no coal whatever occurs in the 694 feet of New River and Pocahontas measures below^ down to the top of the Mauch Chunk, the thin coals of the Pocahontas Group found on Piney Creek in southern Raleigh County having thinned away northward just as they do on Tug River in McDowell County.
Record of Bore Hole No. 4; Located near the south of Levisee Creek, lys miles northeastward from Bore Hole No. 3 ; Elevation Top of Bore Hole, approximately 1818' A. T. :
Note By I. C. White.
Thickness Ft In.
Boulders 10
Sandstone 4' 0"
Sandstone, crystallized 45 0
Shale, sandy '. 27
Shale 21
6
2
0
20
Sandstone
Shale
Coal, Lower larger
Sandstone, Harvey Conglomerate
Shale 9 0
Shale with sandstone partings. 36 0 f
Shale, sandy 17 0 |
Shale 10 0 J
Sandstone, Guyandot
Shale
68
Coal, Sewell "B" 1
Shale 6
Sandstone 18
Shale 14
Sandstone, Lower Guyandot 40
Sh»le, Hartrldge 5
Shale 3
Sandstone, Welch 35
Shale 43
Sandstone, Upper Raleigh 76
Shale 6
Shale, bony coal, Little Raleigh. 1
Shale 12
Sandstone 6
Shale 36' 0"
Shale, sandy 10 0 -
Shale 22 0
Sandstone
Shale 50' 0
Shale, sandstone
partings 29 0
Shale, sandy 13 0
Sandstone, shale
partings 17' 0
Sandstone 43 0
Shale
Coal, No. 8 Poahontas 0
Shale 2
Sandstone, Flattop Mountain — 14
Shale, sandy 19
Sandstone 4
Shale, sandstone partings 18
Shale 3
Clay Bhale 2
k"
in
0
0
Total Ft. In. 10 0
0
0
0
0f
fff
*t
Lower
Nuttall 54 0 59 0
XXXll NOTE BY I. C. WHITE.
At this location one of the Pocahontas coals which Mr. Tucker correlates with P(x:ahontas No. 8 makes its appearance in the section at 411 feet below the Sewell seam.
Record of Bore Hole No. 5; Located near Wolf Creek, 1 Yi miles southwest from Bore Hole No. 4 ; Elevation, ai)proximately 1786' A. T. :
Clay and sand 5 0 5 0
Sandstone, crystallized 44' 0"
Shale 5 0
Sandstone, crystallized 3 0
Conglomerate ... 2 0
Shale, sandy ', 35 0 94 0
Shale 40 3 134 3
Coal, Lower larger 0 9 135 0 135' 0
Sandstone, Harvey Conglomerate 6 0 141 0 Shale with sandstone partings . . 74 0 215 0
Shale 5 3 220 3
Coal, Castle 14 221 7 86' 7
Shale with sandstone partings. 38' 5"
Sandstone 4 0
Shale with sandstone partings. 23 0
Shale : 20 0 307 0
Sandstone, Lower Guyandot 39 0 346 0
Shale, sandy, Hartridge 12 0 358 0
Shale 6 4 368 0
This boring No. 5 found the Sewell Coal at the same elevation (1425' A. T.) as it was in boring No. 2, about 3 miles to the northeast, and hence is on the line of strike from the latter.
• Guyandot 65 5 287 0
Errata.
Page 124, line 6 from top, for "Big Injun. .5," read "Big Injun. .55," Page 145. line 26 from top, for "(No. 43 on Map II)", read "(No 42 on Map II)."
Page 145, line 31 from top, for "(No. 76 on Map II)", read '(No. 75 on Map II)."
Page 151» line 7 from top, in interval column, for "34.3"", read "34 3'."
Page 164. line 4 from top, for "No. 2 Gas", read "Powellton." Page 172, line 13 from top, for "genedal", read "general." Page 191, line 10 from top, for "4 3"", read "4' 4"." Page 193. line 3 from top, for "erronously", read "erroneously." Page 200, under line 19 from bottom, insert "Feet. Feet." Page 203, line 15 from top, for "Sadnstone", read "Sandstone." Page 243, line 4 from top, for "Wnlifrede" read "Winlfrede." Page 248, line 17 from bottom, for "UPPER CEDAR SANDSTONE", read "UPPER CEDAR GROVE SANDSTONE."
Page 271, line 4 from top, for "Lowe", read "Lower." Page 288, line 6 from bottom, for "Tayloyr", read "Taylor." Page 360, top line, for "blue", read "black."
Page 414, line 27 from top, for "elevation, 2050.5' L.", read "elevation, 2020.5' L."
Page 455, line 12 from bottom, for "342 2", read "342 3." Page 458, line 10 from top, for "medlum-softt", read "medium-soft." Page 464, line 8 from bottom, for "brack", read "block." Page 466, line 6 from bottom, for "E. 60** E.", read "S. 60** E." Page 487, line 2 from bottom, under column headed "Square Miles'*, for "0.50", read "0.59."
Page 542, line 5 from top, for "3.2", read "3.3."
Page 544, line 20 from bottom, for "3.46", read "3.45."
Page 546, line 24 from top, for "recelvet", read "received."
Page 590, line 4 from top, for "Compa»nw", read "Comipany."
Page 592, line 3 from top, for "6.8", read "6.4."
Page 605, line 18 from bottom, for "buts", read "butts."
Page 622, line 15 from bottom, for "Distict", read "District."
Page 759, line 30 from top, for "Combustble", read "Combustible."
Page 806, line 14 from bottom, for "73-1", read "73.1."
Page 847, line 7 from top, for "2"8"/2"", read "2'8«/2"-"
Page 873, line 10 from bottom, for "A. R.", read "A. D."
Page 903, line 5 from bottom, for "Sewells", read "Sewalls."
Part I.
History and Physiography.
Chapter L
Historical And Industrial Development.
Location.
Fayette County, the area described in this Report, is situated just south of the central portion of West Virginia, beLng included between the parallels of 37° 49' and 38** 17' North Latitude, and 8^ 23' and 80** 45' West Longitude from Greenwich. It lies entirely within the watershed of the Great Kanawha River whose drainage empties into the Ohio. It is bounded on the north by Kanawha, Clay, and Nicholas Counties; on the east by Nicholas and Greenbrier; on the south by Summers and Raleigh; and on the west by Raleigh and Kanawha, its geographical position being shown in detail on Figures 1 and 2, and on Maps I and II, accompanying this Report in a separate cover.
2 Historical And Industrial Development.
Transportation.
Water Ways.
Great Kanawha River. — This stream, formed by the confluence of the Gauley and New Rivers at Gauley Bridge, Fayette County, flows westerly across the latter area and has long been used in the transportation of logs, cross-ties, salt, and coal. The U. S. Government early appreciated its value for this purpose and constructed thereon a series of ten locks and dams between Point Pleasant and Montgomery, Dam No. 11 being located near its mouth and No. 2, one mile below Montgomery in the edge of Kanawha County, while the proposed location of No. 1 is' just below the mouth of Loop Creek between Deepwater and Mount Carbon in Fayette. Facing page 32 of the Kanawha County Report of the State Geological Survey, is a Map and Profile of the Kanawha River prepared by C. E. Krebs showing the elements and accurate locations of the ten locks and dams already completed. These give slack-water navigation from Mount Carbon to the Ohio River, a distance of 90 miles. The following table, taken from page 35 of the last-mentioned Report, exhibits interesting data concerning these locks and dams :
<«
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a
o
Co
<
Q
S '5
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a
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e w
en
M
o H
>>
€>
> u
9
W2
.c
in
C
•pdqnni j «»ilM
^-e9OO«oo0:qcaoao ooaoooooeookAooOk ODaoooaoaoooooQoaooo
4i
■o
Oe0fc»fe*0000Q0«Dfc»O
'looj jaddQ
•mS ssBJ
loeiio e
Okoo t-«
lO lO >n to lO lO
lO O X3 O O O
t> to e« t> lo >o
O OO >0 iO
ioiOioioio>aoio
eoc9
to U3
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o
c
I • • I I
lO to lO IQ lO
to
U..
G4 oo di Oi Oi a o>
r-KOpxiHObOoaoo
o»«0a6Mioiofc»o»eeS ©a»e-t-ce»0'*coo9g
0 lO'io lo to iQ to to iQ y
to to to O to o
o
lO
t»«Dt0t0^eQ0i0lp-iO lOtOtOtOlOtOiOtOtOlO
•IIV «A0 q;3uyi
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V t> ao«D « fH > 00 0000 eo ^
UOOOOiOtOtOtOlO*A CilOlOlOtOtOtOtOtOtO*a
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M 00
4 . Historical And Industrial Development.
The following table, taken from page 36 of the same Report shows the number of days that navigation was suspended on the Kanawha River on account of ice since the year 1875, as recorded in the office of Thos. E. Jeffers, United States Engineer, Charleston, W. Va. :
Number Number
of days of days
1896 5 Total for 38 years 465. Average
Gauley River and New River, which unite to form the Kanawha, have several miles of their courses in Fayette County, but are too rapid for steamboat navigation. Like the Kanawha, they have long been used as a means of transporting cross-ties and timber in log form.
The five following tables, republished from pages 37, 38, 39, 40, and 41 of the Kanawha County Report, give the rainfall at Charleston, and the maximum, mininr/um, and average stages of the Kanawha River at the same place :
West Virginia Geological Survmy.
5
Rainfall at Charleston, West Virginia for 28 Years, 1885-1912,
in Inches.
Jan.|Feb.| Mar|Apr.|May| Jun.j Jul. | Aug|Sep.|Oct.| Nov|Dec.]Total
2.04 .24|4.81 .6316.34 .17|3.10 .05|5.40 .787.09 .ll|6.86 .96|6.52 .84{3.48|2.52 .72|2.69|3.28 .69I5.05|4.56 .25|5.76|5.69 .66|6.27|5.31 .50|2.50{4.25 .42|5.88I5.60 .93|8.61I5.18 1.84 6.16
2.37J60.97 3.29|39.77 1.27|45.79 3.06 44.36
Average |3.38|3.67|4.27|3.46|3.78|4.66I4 . 05!4.20|2.13|2.16|2.79|3.04|42.33
Historical And Industrial Development.
Maximum River Stages, Charleston, W. Va., July, 1873, to
Dec. 31, 1912.
|Jan.|Peb.|Mar|Apr.|May|Jun.| Jul. | Aug|Sep.|Oct.| Nov|Dec
8.
8.
9.7 0tl4.5 23.7 13.2 22.3 26.0 24.1
9
9
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Minimum River Stages at Charleston, W. Va., from July, 1873,
to December 31, 1912.
Jan. Feb.
Mar.
Apr. May Jun.
JuL Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.
l.d 2.3 2.9 2.8 1.8 3.0 1.1 1.6 .0.7 2.7 2.3 0.3 0.1 1.9 4.5 5.0 3.8 4.6 2.0 1.4 2.9 1.0 0.9 1.9 0.6 1.2 1.6 5.1 4.2 5.3 6.6 6.1 6.8 4.6 4.3 4.2 6.8 6.9 5.1 6.8
2.3 3.5 3.3 3.8 4.4 '2.2 3.1 2.2 4.1 3.2 3.5 3.4 5.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 3.2 3.7 3.7 3.6 2.2 1.9 2.5 3.6 1.4 3.9 4.5 6.0 5.0 4.6 4.8 4.9 6.2 5.0 4.4 5.4 5.3 5.9 5.1
NOTE. — ^Wben the minimum reading is less than 4.5, it indicates the wickets at Lock No. 6 are down.
8
Historical And Industrial Development.
Average Gauge Reading of Kanawha River Each Month from
July 1, 1873, to December 1, 1912, taken at Charleston,
W. Va., by the U. S. Engineers.
YEAR I Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | June \ July | Aug. | Sept | Oct. | Nov.
5.62 5.69 6.86 7.28 8.83 5.48 5.63 4.28 8.50 4.88 6.07 6.02 8.78 6.62 5.96 6.51 8.26 4.79 6.67 8.75 4.97 5.87 6.03 6.93 6.64 6.92 5.63 10.93 6.89 5.94 6.69 8.65 6.42 fi..'54 7.76 7.64 7.52 6.64 8.01
Dec
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Average Gauge Reading of Elanawha River for Each Year from
July 1, 1873, to December 1, 1912, taken at Charleston,
W. Va., by the U. S. Engineers.
Years
"1573 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892
A more complete description of the Kanawha and its chief tributaries in Fayette County will be given on subsequent pages in Chapter II.
Steam Railroads. Chesapeake & Ohio.
Main Line. — The main line of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway crosses Fayette in a northeast-southwest direction, following the valleys of Kanawha and New Rivers and almost bisecting the County. The road-bed is double-tracked from Clifton Forge, Va., to Cincinnati, Ohio, excepting a few short stretches in tunnels and along the gorge of New River from Gauley Junction to Cotton Hill. Between the bridge at Hawks Nest and that just below Sewell, the east-bound track is on the west bank of New River, and the west-bound on the east bank. Its total length across Fayette is 57 miles. On pages 191-2 of the Semi-Centennial History of West Virginia, J. M. Callahan gives the following interesting account of its early history, organization and construction:
lO HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT.
"The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway traversing one of the most picturesque regions of West Virginia is the successor of the Goyington and Ohio Railroad, which was organized as an extension of the Virginia Central (incorporated 1860) the successor of the Louisa Railroad which obtained its charter in 1836. The Virginia Central received its charter under the influence of a state policy to link Chesapeake Bay and the Ohio River by a railway, and construction was prosecuted by state appropriations until 1861, when the line was in operation to Jackson's River (ten miles east of Covington). It was operated to Covington in 1867. Work on the Covington and Ohio, abandoned in 1861, was resumed in 1868 under charters of incorporation secured from the legislature of both Virginia and West Virginia in 1865, and under later acts of 1867 which conferred additional privileges. Commissioners, appointed by the two states to cooperate in enlisting the interest of capitalists and the early completion of the road, experienced great difficulty in securing the financial aid necessary to meet the heavy expense of construction. In August they finally contracted with the Virginia Central Railway company which undertook the construction. Under this arrangement the name of the road was changed to the Chesapeake and Ohio. Its president. General William C. Wickham, succeeded in attracting the interest of Collis P. Huntington and his associates who in November, 1869, made a contract which insured the successful completion of the road.
''On June 9, 1870, the new road acquired from Virginia the title to the Blue Ridge Railroad, which Virginia had constructed through the mountains.
"The new road was aided by the state through an act of 1868 which authorized townships to hold special elections to determine whether they would purchase stock. It also received aid from the sale of public land. The policy of the state to aid the road created much opposition, to which railroad men actively replied.
<'In the Greenbrier Independent in 1872 appeared articles opposing the road on the ground that it carried whiskey, killed chickens and cows, scared the horses, and threw teamsters out of employment.
"Construction westward to Huntington was pushed vigorously. From 1869 to 1873 engineering corps and contractors were busy in the AUeghanies, in the Greenbrier Valley, along the canyon of New River and the bottom lands of the Kanawha, and across Teay's valley, until continuous rails completed the new link between East and West. The full story of the work done would tell of hardships and dangers bravely borne, and of the faith and patience of skill and intelligence.
"The materials for construction were brought over land in wagons or down the Greenbrier River in bateaux. The labor used in construction was largely furnished by colored laborers from Virginia. The employees for several years were principally Virginians,
"On January 29, 1873, the last spike was driven on the New River bridge at Hawk's Nest, and the special Richmond train of President Wickham proceeded westward to Charleston and to Huntington. At Charleston the event was celebrateil by appropriate display of speeches, terminating in a great display of fireworks. At Huntington the union of opposing waters by bands of steel was celebrated by pouring into the Ohio a barrel of James River water brought from Richmond. The president, in his speech, emphasized four great advantages of the road: (1) shortness of route between the Ohio and Norfolk harbor; (2) its easy grade and reduced number
West Virginia Geological Survey. Ii
ot curves; (3) the mild climate along the route; (4) the short distance o£ its Huntington terminus from Cincinnati.
"The service of the road for several years was very inefficient and the tonnage very light. Only local passenger trains, &nd only a few freight trains were operated. The first engines were fired with cord-wood."
In Fayette many branch lines have been cc/nstructed from the main line up the larger tributaries of the Kanawha and New Rivers to tap rich coal fields. These will now be described.
Powellton Branch— C. & O. R R.— This branch of the Chesapeake & Ohio system extends southeastward along the valley of Armstrong Creek from Mount Carbon to the !*cad of Right Fork, 2 miles above Powellton, a total of 8 miles, and was completed about March, 1905. It transports to the main line lumber, and coal from 6 mining operations on the No. 2 Gas and Powellton Coal beds.
Paint Creek Branch— C, &. O. R. R.— This branch of the Chesapeake & Ohio extends southeastward from Pamc Creek Junction in Kanawha County to Kingston in Fayette for a distance of 20 miles, its length in the latter County being only 8 miles. It was completed to Keeferton in June, 1905, and later (May, 1911), extended to its present terminus at Kingston. It furnishes transportation for coal from a large number of mining operations in each county.
Gaulcy Branch— C. & O. R. R,- This branch of the Chesapeake & Ohio extends from Gauley Junction northward along GauJey River and the waters of Twentymile Creek to Greendale, Nicholas County, a distance of 14.2 miles. It was completed in 1893-4 from Gauley to Greendale, and m September. 1904, extended to Carterboro. This is an important freight feeder ^or the main line, in that it transports large quantities of coal and lumber.
MjII Creek Branch— C. & O. R. R.— This branch of the Chesapeake &. Ohio Railway extends northeastward along Mill Creek waters from Hawks Nest to Ansted, a distance of about 3 miles, and was completed as a broad-gauge road in August, 1890. Coal constitutes the chief source of freight, there being three large mining operations on the No. 2 Gas
12 Historical And Industrial Development.
bed just north and northeast of Ansted, and another on the Sewell seam, J^ mile above Hawks Nest.
Keeney Creek Branch— C. & O. R. R.— This branch of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway extends northeastward along Keeney Creek to Lookout, a distance of 4 miles, but, measured along the railway, 7 miles, the latter result being caused by a long switchback northwestward from Keeney Creek Station along the steep east valley-wall of New River gorge in order to attain sufficient elevation to overcome the rapid fall in the gradient of the bed of Keeney Creek in the lower mile and a half of its course. Coal from several operations in the Sewell bed is the main source of freight. The road was completed in December, 1894.
Arbuckle Creek Branch— C. & O. R. R.— This branch of the Chesapeake & Ohio was completed in June, 1904, and extends westward from Thurmond along the precipitous west hillside of New River and up Arbuckle Creek to Minden,.a distance of about 5 miles. Coal from the mines in the Sewell bed near Minden is the chief source of freight.
Loup Creek Branch — C. & O. R. R. — This branch of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway was begun in 1892, completed to Macdonald in January, 1894, and extends southwestward from Thurmond along Dunloup Creek to Price Hill, a distance of about 14 miles. Coal from a large number of mining opera-lions, mostly in the Sewell bed, is the chief source ol" freigh It traverses a better agricultural region than any of the branches previously described.
Laurel Creek Branch — C. & O. R. R. — ^This branch of the Chesapeake & Ohio was completed to Gentry in October, 1904, and extends northeastward from Quinnimont on the main line along Laurel Creek to Gentry (Layland), a distance of about 7 miles. Coal is the chief source of freight from nine operations on the Fire Creek Coal bed.
White Oak Branch— C. & O. R. R.— This branch of the
»
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway, completed in December, 1900, extends northward from Whiteoak Junction on the Loup Creek Branch of the C. & O. R. R. along Whiteoak Creek to I-ochgelly, (formerly Stuart), a distance of about 10 miles. It
West Virginia Geological Survey. 1 3
traverses a g"ood agricultural region, but coal is the chief source of freight from mining operations in the Sewell bed.
Kanawha & Michigan Railroad.
The main line of the Kanawha & Michigan Railroad extends from Gauley Bridge along the north bank of Kanawha River northwestward in Fayette, crossing the Kanawha County Line near the mouth of Smithers Creek, just above Cannelton. Northwestward from the latter point, the road continues along the north bank of the Kanawha to Point Pleasant and thence with its connections across Ohio to the Great Lakes. The portion of the main line included in Fayette is about 11 miles in length. The road was completed eastward to Charleston in 1892 and to Gauley Bridge in 1894. It hauls large quantities of lumber, coal, coke, salt, chrome ore, and lime.
Smithers Creek Branch— K. & M. R. R.— This branch of the Kanawha & Michigan extends northeastward from Cannelton along Smithers Creek to Marting, a distance of about S miles. It hauls a large tonnage of coal from operations on the No. 2 Gas and Eagle beds.
Virginian Railway.
The Virginian Railway extends from Deepwater, Fayette County, on the main line of the Chesapeake & Ohio southward to the head of Loop Creek and across onto the waters of Paint Creek, intersecting the Fayette-Raleigh County Line, J^ mile south of Herberton, its total mileage being about 28 in the territory of this Report. From the latter point it continues on southward across Raleigh, Wyoming, and Mercer Counties, and thence eastward across the State of Virginia to tidewater at Bewails Point. The road was begun in 1894 by the construction of a 5-mile stretch southward from Deepwater to serve certain lumber interests in that locality. In 1902 the extension of this road with a straighter alignment and lighter grades was begun. In 1907 the Deepwater Railway of West Virginia and the Tidewater Railway of Virginia, both owned
14 Historical And Industrial Development.
by the late H. H. Rogers of New York City, were incorporated as the Virginian Railway. Mullens was its terminus in March, 1907, and on July 1, 1909, it was in operation throughout its entire course from Deepwater to tidewater at Sewalls Point and Norfolk. No expense was spared by Rogers to secure the best possible alignment and g^ade through the mountainous region of West Virginia to the great coal deposits of the counties traversed, as also in the State of Virginia, and its final location was decided upon only after several thousand miles of field surveys had been made. In addition to a very heavy coal traffic it receives large shipments of lumber throughout its course in West Virginia.
In Fayette it has a shor^ branch line, less than 2 miles long, connecting Bishop on its main line with Oak Hill on the White Oak Branch of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway system.
Manns Creek Railroad.
The Manns Creek Railroad extends from Sewell on the main line of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway eastwau*d along Manns Creek to Clifftop and Landisburg, with a total length Qi about 10 miles, all in Fayette County. It carries a large amount of lumber from mills at Landisburg and coal from mining operations in the Sewell bed near CliflFtop, the coal being coked in a battery of bee-hive ovens at Sewell.
Sewell Valley Railroad.
The Sewell Valley Railroad extends from Meadow Creek Station on the main line of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway northeastward along Meadow Creek and down Sewell Creek to Rainelle on Meadow River, and thence down the latter stream to Wilderness (Nallen P. O.), J4 mile north of the common corner of Fayette, Greenbrier, and Nicholas Counties. It has an immense traffic in lumber from the large band mills at Rainelle, Honeydew and Nallen. It also carries the commercial coal production of a mine in what appears to be the No. 6 Pocahontas bed, 1 mile northward from Rainelle.
West Virginia Geological Survey. Is
That portion from Meadow Creek to Rainelle was completed several years ago and that below the latter point to Wilderness, during the early part of 1916.
Kanawha, Glen Jean & Eastern Railroad.
The Kanawha, Glen Jean and Eastern Railway extends southward from Glen Jean on the Loup Creek Branch of the C. & O. R. R. to Macdonald and thence westward to a connection with the Virginian Railway at Pax. It was constructed in 1913, according to C. E. Krebs. It has also a short branch line extending southward from Macdonald to Tamroy on the head of Dunloup Creek in Raleigh County. Its total length, including the two and a half miles in Raleigh, is about IS miles. Coal from several mining operations on the Sewell bed is the chief source of freight, although it traverses a fair
agfricultural region.
Highways.
In Fayette County the public highways consist largely of unimproved dirt roads and bridle paths. With one or two exceptions the existing wagon roads are generally narrow, ipugh, and poorly graded, many of the streams not being bridged, thus making it difficult and somewhat hazardous to travel over them during the w-inter season. The prevailing sandy soil of the Pottsville Series tends to prevent muddy. roads wherever an attempt has seriously been made to drain the road-bed, and this feature, in connection w'ith an abundance of sandstone material always near at hand renders it possible to construct cheaply a fair road-surface adapted to Hght traffic.
The road mileage is reported by A. D. Williams, Chairman of the State Road Commission, by magisterial districts as follows :
1 6 Historical And Industrial Development.
District Miles.
Falls 78
Kanawha 99
Mountain Cove 188
Nuttall 83
Sewell Mountain 122
Quinnimont 103
Total 751
Within recent years the general use of the automobile has created a marked revival of interest in hard surface roads, four magisterial districts having voted bonds for this purpose as shown in the following table from information supplied by Mr. Williams:
Name of Date of Kind of Rate of
District Eiection Bond Interest Amount
FayettevlUe May 23, 1916 Serial 5% 1600,000.00
Falls May 23, 1916 Serial 5% 176,000.00
Nuttall May 23, 1916 Serial 5% 100,000.00
Sewell Mountain June 13, 1916 Serial 5% 176.000.00
Total amount of bonds voted for Fayette County $1,050,000.00
James River & Kanawha Turnpike. — One of the first roads to be built in Fayette County was the James River & Kanawha Turnpike which extends eastward from Montgomery along the north bank of Kanawha River to Gauley Bridge, and thence eastward via Ansted, Mountain Cove, Hico, Divide, Cliff top, Ravenseye, and May wood, crossing the Fayette-Greenbrier County Line one-half mile west of Rainelle. A "State Road" for wagons was first completed across the Alleghany Mountains to the navigable waters of the Kanawha by 1790 and opened to the Ohio River by 1800 according to J. M. Callahan^. The route of the present location of the road was decided upon in 1821 and by 1824 it was completed between Lewisburg and Kanawha Falls and in three years to a point 26 miles above Charleston. The following interesting account by Callahan of the influence of this turnpike and the travel over it is taken from pages 99-101 of the reference last cited:
'Semi-Centennial History of W. Va., p. 92; 1913.
West Virginia Geological Survey. \J
'Among the local influences * attributed to the turnpike were the
decrease of game, the increase of evidence of civilization resulting
partly from the immigration of families of refined people from eastern
Virginia, and the economic and industrial development resulting from
market facilities and the increase of passing travel and traffic.
"The route soon became a busy thoroughfare of travel and traffic — an avenue of activity and increasing wealth. In the stage the average citizen might ride with the greatest statesmen and converse with them en route or at the taverns. Among the passengers of most prominence were Henry Clay, who was a great favorite along the route, and President Jackson, who in 1832 spent Sunday at Charleston en route to Washington. Many of the wealthier people who dis-damned to ride in the stage with the common herd travelled in their own private conveyances. Many who were too poor to pay the stage fares travelled by horseback or walked.
"Westward over the route passed many families emigrating to Ohio and Kentucky. Hundreds of wagons and other conveyances filled with emigrant families — men, women and children of all ages and conditions — ^who had left the worn-out lands of Virginia to seek new homes in the states bordering on the Ohio, passed along the road for weeks each year. To some of the more conservative Virginians mourning over the increasing drain of the population, this spectacle of fugitive emigrants 'Bending their toilsome march to the far West' awakened a melancholy train of reflections in regard to what was characterized as 'the last struggle of despairing poverty to escape from the hardships of its lot-' The road furnished increased facility for driving hogs to the eastern market, and conseciuently increased the demand for com along the route. It was estimated that in the fall of 1826, about 60,000 hogs passed up the valley of the Kanawha, destined largely to Eastern Virginia. This traffic continued until the Civil War, although part of it was diverted by steamboat to Pittsburgh and Wheeling in the decade before the war. It stimulated the growth of com among the farmers, some of whom took advantage of their less enterprising neighbors by meeting the drovers several miles toward the West in order to make advance bargains. It is said that the soil of Teay's valley was worn out by continued cultivation of com to supply the demand of hog traffic. Sometimes the drovers greatly Interfered with other travel for days at a time. After driving the stock through to the Valley, or to Richmond or other eastern cities, they frequently made the return trip on foot.
"Freight was usually carried in Conestoga wagons, often painted in gay colors, usually drawn by four or six horses and carrying an average. of 1,000 pounds per horse. Even after 1852 these wagons were so common that sometimes as many as thirty could be counted in a few hours passing in close proximity and twelve or fifteen could be counted almost any day within the period of travel. Those going east usually included salt in their list of goods. Those coming west were loaded with fruit, and general merchandise — including much plug tobacco to satisfy the refined taste of the western pioneers who were not content with the raw product which they grew at home. Whiskey was also a common article carried on almost every wagon. Many of the wagoners, who endured the hardships of the long Journey, 'left their religion on the Blue Ridge when they went east with their produce,' but, although often rough, they were a jolly crowd who at night enjoyed themselves with fiddling and with bull dances around their camp fires, or with singing negro melodies of which they possessed a fine repertoire. They bought their provisions from the farm-
l8 HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT.
*
erB or at the taverns, but they cooked their own meals and drank their own whiskey.
"In contrast with the freig:ht wagoners, the stage drivers (young but expert) were aristocratic — stopping at the best taverns and conversing freely with their passengers. The horses behind which they wielded the whip were the finest that could be obtained from the blue-grass region of Kentucky or the Valley of Virginia and were dressed in the finest harness ornamented in brass. Each stage driver drove at a rapid rate, and swiftly turned the shortest curves of the mountains without fear of danger. Unless hailed by prospective passengers he seldom stopped until he reached a relay station — ^the approach to which he announced by blasts from the tin horn which he ialways carried at his side. For his expert service he received about 11.00 per day, the highest wage paid on the road at that time."
Giles, Fayette & Kanawha Turnpike. — This road extends from Giles County, Virginia, through Mercer into Raleigh via Beckley and into Fayette at the head of Dunloup Creek, thence running via Oakhill and Fayetteville and joining the James River and Kanawha Turnpike at Kanawha Falls. Its construction was begun in 1838 and it was completed about 1848. From Kanawha Falls it now extends along the south bank of Kanawha River on across Fayette to Montgomery at the Kanawha County Line and thence to Charleston.
General Description, Fayette County.
Miscellaneous Items.
. Formation. — Fayette County was formed from Kanawha, Nicholas, Greenbrier, and Logan Counties in 1831. In 1850 part of Fayette County was cut off to form the present County of Raleigh, and in 1871 a small portion was taken to form a part of Summers County. The County was named in honor of General Lafayette, the distinguished Frenchman of Revolutionary fame. From 1831 to 1837 the County-Seat was at New Haven in Mountain Cove District, and then was removed to the house of Abraham Vandal at the present site of Fayetteville until the completion of the public building. The site was then called Vandalia and later Fayetteville which has continued to remain the seat of justice. The earliest settlements in Fayette were made during the latter part of the 18th century, mostly by immigrants from Virginia crossing over the mountains to the western frontiers. The special edition of the
West Virginia Geological Survey.
19
Fayette Journal, issued November 2, 1911, is authority for the
foregoing historical data.
Area. — The original area of Fayette was greatly reduced
by the cutting off of what is now Raleigh County and part of
Summers. Its present area, as determined with planimeter by
R. C. Tucker from the accurate topographic sheets of the U. S.
Geological Survey, is as follows :
Magisterial District Square Miiea.
Falls 104.03
Kanawha 107.12
Mountain Cove 33.43
Nuttall 58.53
Sewell Mountain 112.46
Quinnimont 86 . 64
Total for Fayette County 666 .50
Relief. — As shown on Map I, accompanying this Report under a separate cover, the surface of Fayette County varies from 597.7 feet above sea-level at pool level of Dam No. 2 of the U. S. Government series at Montgomery, to about 3375 feet above the same datum at the crests of Walnut, Ford, and Myles Knobs along the southeast border of Sewell Mountain District, thus making a maximum range in elevation of about 2775 feet. This feature causes considerable difference in climatic conditions, in that the winters are somewhat longer and more severe on the high plateaus and mountains than along the river valleys.
Population. — ^The following table, taken from the U. S. Census returns for 1910, shows the population of Fayette County for the last three enumerations :
Population of Fayette County.
District
Years
Palls
Payetteville
Kanawha
Mountain Cove. .
Nuttall
Quinnimont
Sewell Mountain
Totals for Fayette County.
20 Historical And Industrial Development.
The above results show that the grow^th in population in the County as a whole is fairly normal, the percentage of increase from 1890 to 1900 being 50.8, and from 1900 to 1910 being 62.2. That for the entire State for the 10 years ending in 1910 is 27.4, and for the entire United States, 21. The density of population for Fayette in 1910 was 77.8 persons to the square mile, while that for the State -n the same year was 49.9, and for continental United States, 30.4. The population should be classed as rural, since there is no town within the county that at^t -.ins 250C or more inhabitants. The rapid rate of increase in population is largely due to the development of more than one hundred commercial coal mines within the county.
Products. — The principal animal products of Fayetrt! County are horses, mules, cattle, sheep, hogs, poultry, and dairy products.
The principal vegetable products are lumber, corn, oats, hay, potatoes, buckwheat, garden vegetables, apples, and peaches. Roots of wild plants in the much forested area of the county, such as ginseng, golden seal, blacksnake root, wild ginger, blood root, spikenard, and may-apple, are a considerable source of revenue. .
The principal mineral products at present are coal and coke, as thus far no paying oil or gas pool has yet been developed. As described on a subsequent page of this Chapter, ferro-chromium is manufactured at Glen Ferris but from chrome ore imported from South Africa.
Truck farming on the high plateaus of the southeast half of the county could be carried on with great profit, since the intensive coal mine development in this region offers a fine market for all the garden vegetables that could be produced.
Property Valuation. — The State Auditor gives the following property valuations for Fayette County for the years 1915, 1916, and 1917:
Real Estate $18,736,830 $18,688,255 $18,781,960
Personal Property 7,561.260 7,360,464 8,574,898
Totals $26,298,090 $26,048,719 $27,356,858
West Virginia Geological Survey. 21
Towns and Industries.
According to information furnished by John Nuttall, Clerk of the Circuit Court of Fayette County, in September, 1916, there are only eight incorporated towns in the latter area ; viz, TP'ayetteville, Montgomery, Ansted, Oak Hill, Hilltop, Glen Jean, Mt. Hope, and > Thurmond. With the exception of Fayetteville, the County-Seat, these will now be described in the decreasing order of their population as shown by the U. S. Census of 1910.
Fayetteville.
Fayetteville, the County-Seat of Fayette, is situated on a high plateau near the geographical center of the County, its nearest railway station being South Fayette in the New River gorge on the Chesapeake & Ohio main line, 1.5 miles northeastward. It was formerly called Vandalia from Abraham Vandal, one of the earliest settlers who kept a tavern there as early as 1830. It was incorporated as the Town of Fayetteville in 1883. The U. S. Census Reports for 1900 and 1910 give its population as 413 and 671, respectively, thus making its increase for the ten years about 62j4 per cent., or practically the same rate as that for the whole County during the same decade. The town has no manufacturing industries but it is surrounded by one of the best agricultural regions in the County, since the adjacent hills are comparatively low and flat-topped, thus making tillage feasible, a feature that does not prevail over a large portion of western Fayette.
Montgomery.
Montgomery, the largest town in Fayette, is situated on the south bank of the Kanawha River in the extreme western edge of the County. The special edition of The Fayette Journal of November 2, 1911, gives the following interesting account of its early settlement and progress :
'The land around Montgomery was originally owned by Levi Morris, having been taken up by him In 1770. He came from Alezandrla» Virginia, on a mule and brought with him the shop^made nails
22 Historical And Industrial Development.
with which the first house was built near the present site of Montgomery.
"Mr. Henry Montgomery, the grandfather of Messrs. S. H., J. C, and J. W. Montgomery, came to this county about the same time with General Andrew Lewis in his campaign against the Indians.
"Mr. James Montgomery, a son of the above mentioned, secured a large tract of land along the Kanawha River, near the present site of Montgomery, and was a big farmer and stock-dealer, often driving large herds of cattle and hogs to Lynchburg and other points in the East. He was also a prominent politician, having been sheriff of the county and the representative in the State Legislature a number of times. He was in the Virginia Legislature when Virginia seceded and was later in the West Virginia Legislature.
"The history of Montgomery dates to about 1860, when boats began to come here from Cincinnati and other points along the Ohio River. The town was then known as Montgomery's Landing and was the distributing point for merchants in Wyoming, Mercer, Raleigh, McDowell, Nicholas and Fayette Counties.
<'In 1871 the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad was built and the station at this place was known as Cannelton. Cannelton had been for a number of years the name of the post-office on the north side of the river, and continued to be the name of the station on the Chesapeake and Ohio until 1890, when the town was incorporated and the name changed to Montgomery.
"In 1876 the Coal Valley Coal Co. began operating a mine here and they laid off the town and changed the name from Montgomery's Landing to Coal Valley. Thus from 1876 to 1890 the place had two names — Coal Valley Post-office and Cannelton Station. When the town was incorporated, as mentioned above, the name of the post-office was also changed to Montgomery.'
The U. S. Census Reports of 1900 and 1910 give it a population of 1594 and 1888, respectively, or a gain of only 18.4 per cent., as compared to 62.2 per cent, for the whole County during the same decade.
Preparatory Branch, West Virginia University. — One of the two preparatory schools of the State University is located at Montgomery, this being established and located by an act of the Legislature passed on the ISth day of February, 1895, and the sum of $10,000.00 appropriated for the erection of buildings and the purchase of a site. The Montgomery Heirs donated two acres of land, and the building erected thereon was opened to receive students on January 4, 1897.
According to data given on page 79 of Volume II, Part II, of the Second Biennial Report of the State Board of Control, there is but a single building, consisting of a main or central building with east and west wings, the total frontage toward the river being 207 feet. The class rooms are upon the lower
West Virginia Geological Survey. 23
floor, the upper floors of the east wing being used as a dormitory for boys and the corresponding floors in the west wing, for girls. These will accpmmp4ate about 30 boys and 20 girls. There are three good class, fopms, a very good auditorium, and a study hall.
The two following tables, taken from page 82 of the Report last mentioned, give the enrollment of all classes for the years 1910-1911 and 1911-1912:
Enrollment 1910-1911.
8th 7th Fo-
Academic 7 9 7 23 29 50 52 73 126
Teachers* Class 6 27 33
Music 1 25 26
Graduate Work 1 1
Total 60 125 185
Number Counted More Than Once 1 23 24
Net Enrollment 59 102 161
Enrollment 1911-1912.
8th 7th recourse Sr. Jr. Soph. E*r. Gr. Gr. Males males Total
Academic 9 4 11 IS 63 7. 44 59 l03
Teachers' Class 5 18 23
Music 1 32 33
Total 50 109 159
Number Counted More Than Once 27 27
Net Enrollment 50 82 132
Ansted.
Ansted, the second largest incorporated town, is located in the western half of Mountain Cove District on Mill Creek at the terminus of the Mill Creek Branch of the C. 82: O. Railroad, this branch connecting with the main line of the latter at Hawks Nest. Its population in 1910, according to the U. S. Census returns, was 1,030. Its was incorporated as the Town of Ansted on September 16, 1891, and was named
24 Historical And Industrial Development.
after Prof. David Thomas Ansted, a celebrated English geologist, author of Ansted's Geology, a text-book formerly used at West Point Military Academy and Annapolis Naval Academy, who made a report on the Kanawha Valley coals in 1854, found and opened the "Ansted" or No. 2 Gas Coal bed, according to data furnished by Capt. W. N. Page. The following interesting account of its early settlement was taken from page 75 of the special historical edition of The Fayette Journal of November 2, 1911 :
"The earliest settlers at Ansted were 'squatters' who occupied the land without any title. As early as 1790 the families of Jas. Ly-kins, James Taylor, Baily Woods, William Parrish and others settled here in this manner and built the first church in Fayette County. It was a log building known as the Hopewell Baptist Church, and stood on the Tyree land immediately in the rear of where Foimtain Neal now lives.
"The old Indian trail, originally a Buffalo trail, followed afterward by the Indians on their hunting and war expeditions, passed through Ansted over the precise spot where Capt. Page's residence now stands. This trail led from the present site of Lewisburg, Greenbrier County, through Ansted over Qauley Mountain and after various meanderings down Rich Creek, across the Gauley River one and one-half miles above the mouth of Rich Creek, then up Bells Creek and down Kelly Creek, struck the Kanawha River »t the mouth of Kelly Creek. This was the only route of travel until 178€, when the Virginia Legislature appropriated finds to open it up as a wagon road. In 1800 the old State road was opened up from Lewisburg to the Kanawha River valley at the falls and in 1825 the James River and Kanawha Turnpike was opened for travel.
''Over the old Indian trail alluded to before, General Andrew Lewis led an army of about one thousand men on the campaign which resulted in the battle of Point Pleasant. Col. Chas. Lewis, a brother of Andrew, commanded a division of the army. He was killed In the battle. During the Civil War armies of both the North and the South camped in the vicinity of Ansted, Generals Rosecrans and Wise having had at different times headquarters in Col. Tyree's residence. General Wise was here at the time of the fight at Camlfez Ferry, between Generals Floyd and Rosecrans."
The town is largely supported by the coal mining industry from operations on the No. 2 Gas bed, although the region immediately to the east and southeast is fairly well adapted t<» agriculture.
Oak HiU.
Oak Hill, situated near the center of Fayetteville District on the White Oak Branch of the C. & O. Railroad and con-ll
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11
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West Virginia Geological Survey. £$
r.ected with the Virginian Railway by a short branch line to Bishop, is the third largest incorporated town in the county, the U. S. Census returns of 1910 giving it a population of 764. It was incorporated as the Town of Oak Hill in 1903. Its early settlement occurred about the same time — ^between 1838 and 1848 — as the construction of the Giles, Fayette and Kanawha Turnpike which passes through the town. The following is taken from page 43 of the special historical edition of The Fayette Journal of November 2, 1911 :
"There was a post-office called Oak Hill located at the present site of HIU Top, where all those living In the vicinity received their mail.
"At this time there was some three families living within the present limits of Oak Hill. Chas. Windson kent the toll gate. He lived at the old Captain Richards' place, opposite the road which leads to Minden. William Blake lived at the C. T. Jones' place in a double log house located near the site of the new Jones mansion. The house was of a form then somewhat common, known as a story and a half double log house. Blake's voting precinct took in all the territory reaching to the Raleigh County Ldne. Mr. Blake was the first settler In the vicinity, having lived there as early probably as 1820. Peter Bowyer, known far and widQ as 'Old Pete Bowyer,' operated a water-power mill at the site now known as the Newland place.
"So far as the writer has been able to learn from the oldest residents, these were the only persons living at Oak Hill in 1850."
The town is surrounded by one of the best agricultural regions in the county and is the scene of the annual County Fairs. It is also in close proximity to a number of large commercial coal mining operations on the Sewell bed and is probably now enjoying a more rapid growth than any other town in the county.
Hill Top.
Hill Top, the next largest incorporated town, is located only slightly over two miles southward from that last described, on the Loup Creek Branch of C. & O. Railroad. As mentioned above, the name Oak Hill was first applied to a post-ofl&ce located at the present site of Hill Top, where the settlers before the Civil War received their mail, the latter being carried by horse from Fayetteville and on to Raleigh Court-House, now Beckley. It is practically joined up with the coal mining towns of Red Star, Harvey, and Prudence. The U. S. Census of 1910 gives its population as 761 only 3
26 Historical And Industrial Development.
less than for Oak Hill, while that for 1900 gave it only 263, a gain of 189.3 per cent., three times that for the county during the same decade.
Glen Jean, the next largest incorporated town, is located on Dunloup Creek at the junction of the Loup Creek and White Oak Branches of the C. & O. Railroad. It is also the northern terminus of the Kanawha, Glen Jean & Eastern Railroad. The U. S. Census of- 1910 gives its population as 722. 'The following data concerning it were taken from page 70 of the special historical edition of The Fayette Journal of November 2, 1911:
ur
'The history of this thriving and industrious little town dates i)ack only about twenty years, when the Loup Creek Branch of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad was built.
"Prior to the building of this road there was nothing at the present site of Glen Jean except one small store and a post-offlce known at Leblong. This store and office ;was located near the present site of Mr. McKell's office. The house which is now used a& an engineer's and club house was then the home of Mr. John McCoy, who was a farmer and owned all the land around Glen Jean. Mr. T. G-. McKell, father of William McKell, saw that there was immense wealth hidden in this land, so he bought Mr. McCoy's entire farm of 200 acres, as well as other tracts of land along Loup Creek.
"The Collins Colliery Company soon began to ship coal from this point and then the town of Glen Jean grew rapidly.
"The name of the post-offlce was changed from Leblong to Glen Jean, being named after the wife of Mr. T. G. McKell. The name of the post-offlce was later changed to Collins for a short time, but was soon changed back to Glen Jean.'
f*
It was later incorporated as the Town of Glen Jean. It is practically joined up with the coal mining towns of Red Star, Harvey, Hill Top, and Prudence.
Mt. Hope.
Mt. Hope, ranking in 1910 next after Fayetteville in the order of population of incorporated towns, is located in the southern edge of the county, just west of the junction of Sug-ar and Dunloup Creeks, on the Kanawha, Glen Jean & Eastern, and the Loup Creek Branch of the C. & O. Railroad. The U. S. Census of 1910 gives it a population of 494, and that for
West Virginia Geological Survey. 2/
19CX) only 351, a gain of 40.7 per cent, a result somewhat less than for the county during the same decade. It was incorporated as the Town of Mt. Hope on June 1, 1895. The following interesting account concerning it was taken from the special edition of The Fayette Journal of November 2, 1911 :
"In the year 1800 the section in and around the present site of Mt. Hope was a wilderness inhabited only by the wild denizens of forest; bears, wolves, deer, etc. As has been stated before in this book, the Indians are not supposed to have occupied the territory of the Kanawha and New River valleys immediately prior to the coming of the whites, but only to have made temporary visits in their hunting and war expeditions.
"It seems quite definitely determined that the first person to make this site his home was Mr. William Blake, who came here as early as 1805, purchased a tract of some seventeen thousand acres, for three cents per acre. Mr. Blake came here from Scotland, bringing his newly married bride, seeking a place where he could enjoy freedom of thought and leaving in Scotland a castle and a large estate. This estate, valued at $6,000,000, is now and long since haa been in litigation and the only obstacle preventing the Blake heirs from inheriting the estate is that the precise place and time of Mr. Blake's landing in America can not determined.
<'Mr. Blake was one of the pioneers of this section. As late as 1850 the nearest neighbor was a Mr. McCoy who operated a water-power mill at the present site of Glen Jean. Until 1864 the nearest post-offices were at Raleigh and Fayetteville. ♦ ♦ ♦ "
According to the same reference, the town had attained a population of about 1200 persons on March 24, 1910, when a disastrous fire left it a mass of blackened ruins, the loss aggregating one-half million dollars with only one hundred and sixty thousand dollars insurance, and fully 1000 persons rendered homeless. It revived quickly, however, and new houses of brick and stone with much better fire-proof construction largely replaced those that had been destroyed.
Thurmond.
Thurmond, ranking eighth in the descending order of population of the incorporated towns, is located in the southeast edge of Fayette at the mouth of Dunloup Creek along both banks of New River and at the junction of the Loup Creek Branch of the C. & O. Railroad with the main line of the latter system. A round-house and railroad yards are maintained here, and it is claimed that more freight tonnage
28
Historical And Industrial Development.
(chiefly coal) originates at Thurmond than at any other point on the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad, not excepting Richmond, Va., or Cincinnati, Ohio. According to the U. S. Census of 1910, its population was 315 and it was incorporated as the Town of Thurmond in 1903.
Unincorporated Towns and Villages.
In addition to the foregoing incorporated towns in Fayette there are over a hundred other villages scattered over the county, some of which attain more importance than several of those described above. These are largely coal mining towns built up in connection with one or more mines. The following list, arranged in alphabetical order with coal villages in black-face type, gives the approximate population of each :
Population of Unincorporated Villages in 1910.
Name Population
Name Population
West Virginia Geological Survey. 29
Name Population Name Population
Prudence 326 {R> Wilderness (Nallen). .. . 260(E)
(B) Estimate by postmaster or other reliable person.
Climate.
The climate of Fayette is comparatively mild and healthful since the County does not have the rigrorous winters of the North nor the intense heat that is experienced during the summer months in the South. The temperature rarely falls much below zer^o, although reaching this point often during midwinter. The snowfall is practically the same as for other mountain counties in the eastern portion of the State, the snow remaining on the ground only for comparatively short periods. Long-continued blizzards are unknown. The temperature throughout the summer months — June, July, and .■\ugust — is comparatively low, averaging about 70° F. and rarely exceeding 100° F. Periods of hot weather are of short duration, the nights usually being cool, especially in the plateau region.
The mean annual precipitation of 50 to 60 inches is fairly well distributed throtighout the year, the heaviest rainfall occurring from January to June, when it is needed by the growing crops, and lightest in the late summer and fall during the harvest season. Thus the climatic conditions are good for general fanning, fruit growing, and stock raising.
The following table, compiled from the records of the
30
Historical And Industrial Development.
monthly, seasonal, and annual temperature and precipitation at that point, which is 950 feet above sea-level, and is fairly representative of the climatic conditions in the lowland region lepresented by the western half of Falls and the whole of Kanawha District:
Normal Monthly, Seasonal, and Annual Temperature and
Precipitation at Powellton.
Month
December
January
February
Winter
March April May .
June . July .. August
Summer
September
October
November
Fall
Year
Temperature
Precipitation
Absolute minimum.
Mean.
Total
amount
for the
driest
year.
Total armount for the wettest
year.
Snow
average
depth
'F.
•F.
■I;
•F.
Inches 8.6 4.1 8.1
Inches 0.9 1.8 6.2
Inches 8.0 4.4 2.1
Inches 4.8 6.1 9.6
1
66
78
72
1
46
66
99
33
53
92
16
44
1
74
10
53
99
o.o
T.
l.S
Average date of first killing frost in fall, Oct. 12; of last in spring, Apr. 23. Date of earliest killing frost in fall, Oct. 1; of latest in spring. May 18.
The following table, compiled from the recoi;ds of the same Bureau for the station at Beckley with an elevation of 2440 feet above sea-level and in the adjoining County of Raleigh, gives similar data that are fairly representative of the plateau region of Fayette, represented by Mountain Cove, Nuttall, Sewell Mountain, Fayetteville, and Quinnimont Districts, and the eastern portion of Falls :
West Virginia Geolcxsical Survey.
31
Normal Monthly, Seasonal, and Annual Temperature and
Precipitation at Beckley.
Month
Tempera- ture, mean.
Precipitation.
Mean.
Total amount
Total amount
I
for the I for the driest | wettest year. | year.
I
Month
Precipitation.
I
Tempera- 1 tare, I mean. I Mean.
I
Total
Total
amount | amount for the I for the driest [wettest I year. | year.
December January . . February ,
Winter March .... April . . . . . May
•F.
Inches.
Inches. Inches.
1
June
July .*
August . . .
Summer September . October . . . November .
Fall
Year ....
•F.
Inches.
1
Chapter Ii.
Physiography
Physiographic Changes.
The surface features or relief of Fayette are difficult of interpretation, if confined to the County alone, since its surface rocks are so nearly homogenous and frequently so heavily forested that topographic features formed at different periods and under different conditions of erosion, either grade almost imperceptibly into each other, or else are more or less concealed from the observer, especially when the latter is compelled to obtain all possible general and economic geology data in a limited time. The territory lies on the eastern slope of the great Appalachian geosyncline, and its surface features present but little change from that described in previous Reports of the State Survey for the central belt of Counties. An analysis of the physiographic changes indicates that a marked upheaval of the floor of the Appalachian sea took place about the close of the Carboniferous, which during the Cretaceous period was eroded into a peneplain almost level with the sea, the summits of the high hilltops and ridges in the northwest half of Fayette being remnants of this ancient base-leveled condition. During the same period (Cretaceous) an uplift in the axis of the Appalachian System to the southeast of the County in question took place which elevated this peneplain and tilted it at a small angle to the northwest. This resulted in a marked increase in the erosive activity of the drainage streams and the formation of another peneplain c'uring the Tertiary period, remnants of which are described on a subsequent page. Another upheaval of the land mass then followed in the Tertiary period, during and after which
West Virginia Geological Survey.
33
the streams cut deep narrow channels in the level floors of their old broad valleys. Since the last-mentioned upheaval took place, there has apparently been no marked interruption in stream erosion, and the activity of the present streams indicates that this upward movement may still be progressing, or its cessation so recent that suflScient time has not yet elapsed for streams to widen their valleys appreciably. There is abundant evidence that many of the larger streams attained a base-leveled condition during the formation of the Cretaceous and Tertiary peneplains above mentioned, since these flow in deeply indented valleys with widely meandering courses. The latter feature is probably an inheritance from Cretaceous time, as it .would be difficult to explain these sinuous channels on any other ground than that of a previous base-leveled condition. The streams have not advanced ver>^ far in their present erosive cycle, measured by the amount of material yet to be removed and as evidenced by their deeply carved and V-shaped valleys, although longitudinally approaching maturity in that many possess a comparatively low gradient almost to their headwaters.
The following table, prepared by Rietz C. Tucker of the Survey StaflF from the careful planimetric determinations o^^ the U. S. Geological Survey sheets, gives much interesting data along the line above mentioned for all the streams of major importance in the County. The last column shows the ratio of the total distance (T.D.) measured by the meanders of the stream to the air-line distance (A.L.D.) in that portion of its course designated in the first column. It is self-evident that the nearer this result approaches unity, the straighter the stream's channel becomes :
Table of Stream Data.
Streams
Totel Fall Feet
Total
Distance
Miles
Rate of fall per mi.
Air-Line
Distance
Miles
Ratio T. D.
to A.L.D.
Kanawha River, Gauley Bridge to Kanawha Co. Line. ....
New River, Summers Co. Ldne to Gauley Bridge
60
Summers Co. Line to Estuary School
Estuary School to Sewell. . .
V
34
Physiography.
Ratto
Total
Total
Rate
Air-Une
T. D.
Streams
FUl
Distance
of Call
to
Feet
Miles
per mi.
Miles
A.L.D.
Sewell to Hawks Nest
Hawks Nest to Gauley Bridge
Smithert Creek, source to
Marting to Cannelton
Armstrong Creek, source to
mouth of Powellton Fork..
Mouth Powellton Pork to
opposite Boomer !
Loop Creek, source to mouth. .
Loop Creek, source to Wriston
Wriston to Page
Page to Deepwater
Falls Creek, source to Kana-wha
Falls
Gauley River, Camifex Ferry
to Gauley Bridge
Gauley River, Camifex Perry
AU m tr
M • A
tp mouth Horseshoe Creek
Horseshoe Creek to Belva..
Belya to Gauley Bridge
60
Rich Creek, source to Romont
Romont to mouth
Sugar Creek, source to mouth
Horseshoe Creek, source to
Mulvane
Mulvane to mouth
Laurel Creek, source to Ram-sey
Ramsey to mouth
Meadow River, Greenhrier Co.
Line to Camifex Ferry
Meadow River, Greenhrier Co.
Line to Russellville
Russellville to Nicholas Co.
Line
30
Nicholas Co. Line to Camifex
Ferry
Dogwood Creek, source to
mouth
Glade Creek, source to mouth. .
Brackens Creek, source to
mouth Road Fork
Brackens Creek, Road Fork to
Laurel Creek, source to Rader
Ford
Sewell Creek, source to mouth
Sewell Creek, source to Spring-
1
dale
Springdale to Sievy Bridge. .
Sievy Bridge to Sims
50
Sims to mouth
45
West Virginia Geological Survey.
35
NEW RIVBR TRIBUTARIES Laurel Creek, source to Demp-sey
Dempsey to Cotton Hill. . . . Mill Creek, source to mouth. . MMI Creek, source to Opossum
Creek
Opossum Creek to Osborne
Creek
Osborne Creek to Ansted . . .
Ansted to Hawks Nest
Opossum Creek, source to
mouth
Osborne Creek, source to
mouth
Wolf Creek, source to House
House Branch to mouth
Fern Creek, source to mouth. . Keeney Creek, source to Lookout
Lookout to Boone
Boone to Keeney Creek
Manns Creek, source to Clifftop
Clifftop to mouth of Glade
Creek
of Smoky Branch
Smoky Branch to mouth
Laurel Creek
Ephraim Creek, source to Penn-brook
Fire Creek, source to Fire
Creek
Dunloup Creek, Price Hill to
Macdonald
Macdonald to Glen Jean. . . .
Glen Jean to mouth
Mill Creek, source to Hickory
Hickory Branch to mouth. . . Sugar Creek, source to mouth
Whiteoak Creek, Carlisle to
Scarbro
Scarbio to Whiteoak Junction Meadow Fork, source to Sanger
Air-Line
Distance
Miles
Ratio T. D.
to A.L.D.
80
36
Physiography.
Stre2Ams
Ratio Rate lAir-Liinel T. D.
to A.L.D.
of fall jbistance per mi. I Miles
Sanger to Newlyn
Buffalo Creek, source to mouth Slater Creek, source to Thayer Dowdy Creek, source to mouth Laurel Creek, source to Rock
of Ages School
Rock of Agies School to
mouth Bear Branch
Bear Branch to Chestnut.
Knob Fork
Chestnut Knob Fork to Little
Laurel Creek
Little Laurel Creek to Quinnimont
Meadow Creek, source to Lefthand Creek
Lefthand Creek to Beelick
Beelick Branch to Meadow
Creek
Paint Creek, Boyd Branch to
Lively
Lively to Mossy
Mossy to Keeferton
Keef elton to Bumwell
Packs Branch, source to mouth Plumorchard Creek, source to
mouth
Moaay Creek, source to Do-
than
Dothan to Mossy
Cabin Creek, source to Kana wha Co. Line
1
.3
3.
.2
3
.2
1
1.
,2
1,
4
3
.6
0
.9
3.
5
2
.6
3.
.0
2
.3
3
.5
2
.9
2
.4
5
.1
3
6
3.
1
1
0
The sinuous courses of many of the above-listed streams, as indicated by the right-hand column, have evidently been inherited from their ancient base-leveled channels of the Cretaceous peneplain heretofore mention, rather than to any interruption in comparatively recent time to the direction of flow by intersection with prominent structural features. The influence of geologic structure since the upheaval near the close of the Cretaceous period has been very slight on the direction of the present drainage, with the possible exception of the Mann Mountain Anticline, described fully on a subsequent page in Chapter III. The latter fold practically co-insides with the divide between the waters of New and
West Virginia Geological Survey.
37
Meadow Rivers northward from the Sewell Mountain-Quinnimont
District Line, so that its formation must have been
synchronovis w^ith possibly the upheaval of the Cretaceous
peneplain heretofore suggested. With this exception the
streams of Fayette preserve their general northwest direction
intact.
Drainage Basins.
The entire drainage of Fayette County reaches the Gulf of Mexico via the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers through the Kanawha and its several tributaries. The three following tables give the area of that portion of the drainage basin included within the county of several important streams and was prepared by R. C. Tucker from planimetric determinations on the accurate sheets of the U. S. Geological Survey. These should furnish valuable data for use in any contemplated water-power project :
Area of Drainage Basins by Districts in Square Miles, with Percentage of Area Drained by Each River System.
Percentage of District
drained by
Fayetteville
Percentage of District
drained by
Kanawha
Percentage of District
drained by
Mountain Cove
Percentage of District
drained by
Nuttall
Percentage of District
drained by
Quinnimont
Percentage of District
drained by
Sewell Mountain
Percentage of District drained by
Totals
Percentage of Fayette County Drained by..
I
I
38
Physiography.
Area of Drainage Basins of Rivers in Each District in
Square Miles.
District
Total Area
Kanawha
New
Qauley
Meadow
Payetteville
Kanawha
Mouiritain Covp .........
Nuttall
Qulnnimont «. .
Sewell Mountain
Totals
Area of Drainage Basins
Streams Square Miles
Kanawha River 176T67
Morris Creek 8.70
Smlthers Creek 18 .67
Boomer Branch 2.74
Armstrong Creek 21. 93
Jarrett Branch 1.76
Loop Creek 49.53
Paddy Branch 0.62
Lee Branch 0.60
Falls Creek 2.90
Riggs Branch 0.58
Paint Creek 63.85
Cabin Creek 1.56
New River 326.40
Laurel Branch 1.22
Cane Branch 2.27
Big Creek 1.96
Honey Branch 0.62
Laurel Creek 21 .45
Turkey Creek 1.61
Mill Creek 28.89
Penfield Branch 1.14
Marr Branch 8.05
Wolf Creek 17.15
Fern Creek 8.44
Butcher Branch 1.09
Craig Branch 1.20
Short Creek 2.17
Keeney Creek 8.78
Coal Run 4.27
Manns— Glade Creek 60.30
Ephraim Creek 5.92
Fire Creek 1.49
West Virginia Geological Survey. 39
Streams Square Miles
Rush Run 2 . 16
Dunloup Creek 39.33
Buffalo Creek 6.13
Slater Creek 3.31
Dowdy Creek 2.10
Laurel Creek *. 24. 70
Camp Branch 0.92
Davis Branch 0.92
Meadow Creek .•. 17. 70
Qauley River 67.69
Scrabble Creek 4 . 16
Sand Branch 2.23
Big Creek 4.97
Rockcamp Branch 0 . 65
Bells Creek of Twentymlle Creek 5.96
Rich Creek 13.90
Sugar Creek. .* 2.43
Horseshoe Creek , 4 . 27
Laurel Creek 6.67
Ramsey Branch 3 .45
Staton Branch 2.25
Meadow River 96.74
Dogwood Creek 6 .64
Hedricks Creek 4.86
Arrowwood Creek 4. 07
Mill Creek 0.48
Glade Creek 15.00
Brackens Creek 16.09
Laurel Creek 9.78
Kates Creek 0.96
Sewell Creek IS.ll
Buffalo Creek 2.10
Kanawha River.
A brief description of the locks and dams and maximum and minimum river stages of the Kanawha River has already been given in Chapter I. This stream is the largest in Fayette County and is formed by the confluence of the New and Gauley Rivers at Gauley Bridge from which point it flows northwestward, crossing the Fayette-Kanawha County Line at Montgomery and emptying into the Ohio at Point Pleasant. As shown by the table on a preceding page, it drains directly 26.36 per cent, of the total area of the county, the other portion of Fayette being drained by New and Gauley Rivers, its-largest two tributaries above Charleston. In a distance of 1L6
miles between Gauley Bridge and Montgomery, it has a total fall of 50 feet, or at the rate of 4.3 feet to the mile. However, 22 feet of the total of SO is accounted for at the famous Falls of the Kanawha, slightly over a mile below the mouth of Gauley River. Here the river takes a sudden plunge over the Lower Nuttall Sandstone. The Electro Metallurgical Company has built a concrete dam on this ledge around the crest of the falls, 6yi to 7 feet high and 2600 feet long so that the original difference in pool levels here was only about IS feet. The description of the latter company's plant at this point is given on a subsequent page under "Water-Power" in Chapter XII. From the Falls of the Kanawha to Montgomery the river descends at the rate of 2.1 feet to the mile, a figure that indicates an cdvanced stage in its erosive cycle, and the comparatively wide bottoms prevailing along both river banks signify that this stream has already begun its work of lateral erosion. The greater portion of its drainage basin above Montgomery within the State, including that of its tributaries — New and Gauley Rivers — ^is either heavily forested or cut-over territory, a feature that considerably retards the run-off from every heavy rainfall due to this sponge-like surface covering.
The principal tributaries of the Kanawha River below Gauley Bridge in Fayette are Smithers Creek from the north, and Armstrong and Loop Creeks from the south, interesting data on each of which, as regards rate of fall and area of drainage basins and other minor affluents, are given in the tables on a preceding page of this Chapter.
The U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the United States Engineer Corps maintains a gaging station at Lock No. 2 on the Kanawha River, just below Montgomery, the detailed records of which, as published in the Water-Supply Bulletins of the former, are given below.
The following data are taken from pages S6 and 57 of Water-Supply Paper No. 403 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
Kanawha River at Lock No. 2, Montgomery, W. Va.
"Location. — ^At Lock No. 2, three-fourths mile below Chesapeake ft Ohio Railway station at Montgomery, Fayette County. Morris Creek enters on the left about 300 feet below the gage.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
41
^'Drainage Area. — 8,470 s<iuare miles.
"Records Available. — June 22 to September 30, 1915. Upper and lower gages at the lock have been read to tenths daily at 8 a. m. since December, 1887, under the direction of the Corps of Engineers, United States Army.
"Gage^ — Upper gage at lock, vertical and inclined staff on right bank, short distance above the upper lock gates. Vertical section fastened to right lock wall; inclined section is at upstream end of paved slope; read twice daily to hundredths by George Meyers, lockmaster, beginning June 22. A chain gage fastened on the downstream handrail near the*ce^ter of toll bridge at Montgomery is used as a reference for the water surface at bridge for determining depths when it is not possible to sound section.
"Discharge iSleasurements. — ^Made from bridge at Montgomery or by wading on the crest of the dam.
"Channel and Control. — One channel at all stages; straight for 300 feet above and 800 feet below bridge. At bridge both banks high and do not overflow; at dam right bank never overflows, but left bank is low and flooded at high stages. Bed of river composed of rock, sand, and mud. The dam at Lock No. 2 is the control for practically all stages, as there is a fall of about 2 feet at the dam at the maximum stage. Except for the leakage through the dam and lock, point of zero flow is at lowest point in the crest of the dam, which is 17.9 feet above the zero of the upper gage.
"Extremes of Stage. — Maximum stage recorded since June 22, 24.62 feet at 6 a. m. September 7; minimum, 18.87 feet at 6 p. m. July 31. Highest stage recorded occurred May 23, 1901, at 6 a. m.; upper gage, 49.65; lower gage, 47.70.
"Winter Flow. — Discharge relation not affected by ice.
"Regulation. — None.
"Accuracy. — Records good.
"Cooperation. — Station maintained in cooperation with United States Engineer Corps.
'Estimates of daily discharge withheld.'
"1
ft
Discharge Measurements of Kanawha River at Lock No. 2, Montgomery, W. Va., During the Years 1911
to September 30, 1915.
Date
Discharge Sec.-Peet.
Februarys
February 13 . . .
March?
March 10
June 19
July 27
Jackson and Bailey.
H. J. Jackson
C. T. Bailey
C. T. Bailey
Horton and Bailey.
A.. H. Horton,
Ellsworth and Conklin C. E. Ellsworth
42
Physiography.
Discharge Measurements of Leakage at Lock No. 2, Kanawha
River, at Montgomery, W. Va., During the Year
Ending September 30, 1915.
Upper Gates.
Date
Made by
Qage 1 height. Feet
Discharge See.-Feet.
June 22
Ellsworth and Conklln
July 28
C. E. Ellsworth
I
Lower Gates.
June 22 | Ellsworth and Conklln,
Daily Crage Height, in Feet» of Kanawha River at Lock No. 2,, Montgomery, W. Va.» for the Year Ending
September 30» 1915.
Day
June
July 1 Aug.
Sept. II Day
June
Jul> 1 Aug. Sept.
1
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
20
30
31
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
New River.
New River, which unites with the Gauley to form the Kanawha at Gauley Bridge, has its source on the summit of Blue Ridge in the State of North Carolina and flows northward for over 200 miles to an intersection with the Virginia- West Virginia State Line at the southern point of Summer : County; and thence in a general northwest direction for 89 miles in West Virginia to its mouth at Gauley Bridge. From a point about one mile below Meadow Creek Station on the
West Virginia Geological Survey. 43
C. & O. Railroad to slightly over a mile above McKendree, k iortns the boundary line between Fayette and Raleigh Counties, but from the latter point to Gauley Bridge its course continues entirely in Fayette. From Radford, Virginia, to Hinton, West Virginia, it falls 370 feet in 105 miles, or at th' rate of 3.6 feet to the mile. This figure is in marked contrast to that prevailing in Fayette County between Sewell and Gauley Bridge where in a distance of 18.5 miles there is a fall of 320 feet, or 17.3 feet to the mile, so that its course through the territory of this Report presents marked evidence of the youthfulness of its present valley whose floor is frequently less than 800 feet in width and 1200 to 1400 feet below the crests of its steeply sloping walls. While in the field gathering data for the Wyoming-McDowell County Report of the State Survey, published in 1915, the author made a special effort, without success, to find traces at a high level of an old channel of New River across that portion of the State, and also during 1916 in Fayette. The apparent youthful character of the valley of New River across the latter County, after a careful consideration of all the data in hand, is believed to be probably due to the fact that its course here is over the hard sandstone ledges of the New River and Pocahontas Groups of the Pottsville Series, a feature that should result in a much slower rate of channel cutting than would prevail to the southeast in Summers County in the softer rocks of the Missi ssippian.
As shown in the table on a preceding page of this Chapter, New River drains 326.4 square miles of Fayette, or 48.97 per cent, of the County, the balance being drained by the Gauley and Kanawha. Its possibilities for water-power are discussed en a subsequent page in Chapter XII.
Its principal tributaries in Fayette are Mill, Keeney, Manns, Laurel and Meadow Creeks from the northeast; and Laurel, Wolf, Arbuckle and Dunloup Creeks from the southwest. The rate of fall, area of drainage basins and other data concerning these and other minor affluents of New River are given in the tables on a preceding page.
As on the Kanawha, the U. S. Geological Survey maintains gaging stations on New River, one being located at
1
Fayette Station, Fayette County, the detailed records of which, as published in its Water-Supply Bulletins, are given below.
The following data are taken from pages 78-80 of Bulletin 140 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
''Fayette Station, on New River.
•'New River above the Greenbrier was examined as far as the mouth of Bluestone River. Two ferries cross the river in this distance, but neither of these is equipped with cables. The section examined was about 1,000 feet wide except at the lower ferry, where it was 700 feet across. The width of the Greenbrier at its mouth is about 600 feet, and of the New just above the Greenbrier about 1,200 feet. At this point a ferry is located, but this does not have a cable. A series of long islands extends from this point down to the upper ferry above Hinton, W. Va., a distance of about a mile.
"At Hinton, on New River, 2 miles below its junction with the Greenbrier, the Weather Bureau has a gage. On this heights are read up to 10 feet by means of a rod fastened to a pier in the river, this' being about 50 feet from shore at the time of low water. The heights above 10 feet are read on a rod fastened to a tree on shore. The pier in the stream consists of ^ wooden crib about 25 feet square and 10 feet high, filled with rock. There are no bridges across New River In this vicinity. This point is one of the widest places on the river, the width being about 1,900 feet. A cable ferry In constant use Is located near the railroad station, and there is a second a mile above. It was considered impracticable to attempt river measurement at this point, and the inspection of the river was made down as far as Gauley. The first bridge, that of a small branch coal railroad running up Upper Loop Creek, is at Thurmond, W. Va., and crosses New River diagonally. The river has a restricted channel, and the velocity, especially at high water, is too great for accurate measurement.
"The next bridge, that at Fayette, W. Va., 47 miles below Hinton, is well located for measurements. It Is a highway bridge of one span, having a total length of 261 feet. A gage was established here July 29, 1895, and a measurement of discharge subsequently made. The zero of the gage Is opposite the south edge of the second vertical strut from the north end of the bridge,, and is 5.20 feet from the pulley. The distance vertically of the zero to the bottom plate of the girder at the end of the first panel on the lower side Is 55.06 feet. Two measurements have been made here, the first on July 29, when with a gage height of 4.07 feet the discharge was found to be 7,128 second-feet; the second on September 3, when the water stood at 1.71 feet and the discharge was 3,030 second-feet.
"The next bridge below Fayette, that of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway at Hawks Nest, crosses the river diagonally, and the location is not favorable for measurement. At Gauley Junction an iron viaduct crosses New River about 2 miles above the mouth of Gauley River. The channel of the river is narrow and the velocity of the current too great for accurate measurement. Measurements of the Gauley could not be made from the railroad bridge crossing at its mouth owing to the ponding of the water under the bridge."
West Virginia Geological Survey.
45
Daily 'Gage Height of New River at Fayette, W. Va., for 1895.
Day. July Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
«i
'Concerning the water resources of this region Prof. D. C. Humphreys* states that the largest power he has seen, and probably the fineflt in Virginia and West Virginia, is in the canyon 'of New River, where the fall is over 11 feet per mile and the distance about 64 miles. Taking the results of the smallest measurement, that of September 4, 1895, the total horse-power going to waste in the canyon is 440,000 — sufficient to move about * 550 trains, to do which with present mechanical appliances would require over 650 tons of coal per hour. Thisi vast power is situated in the midst of one of the finest coal fields in the world, where steam production is cheap, so that the utilization of the water power may be postponed."
'"S"tream measurements and water power of Virginia and West Virgrinia," in Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies, November 9. 1896, page 187.
46
Physiography.
The following data are taken from page 41 of Water- Supply Paper No. 1 1 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
Daily Gage Height of New River at Fayette, W. Va., for 1896.
1
8
«
7
8
9
10
Day I Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. \ May | June \ July \ Aug. | Sept. | Oct. 1 Nov. | Dec^
I
I 2.19 1.76 1.40 1.20 1.90
I
I
I
I
1
1
1
1
1
5.S5
S.Oo
I
1
1
1
1
I
I 14.50
1
I
I 1.60|
'No observations December 9 to 17; wire gage broken.
f*
The following data are taken from page 59 of Water- Supply Paper No. IS, "Operations at River Stations, 1897", I'art I :
"Fayette Station on New River.
*€t
'This station, described in the Eighteenth Annual Report, Part IV, page 113, is located just below the mouth of Wolf Creek on a highway bridge of one span, at Fayette, West Virginia. The wire gage is located on the guard rail, on the upper side of the bridge about the middle of the span, and the graduation is to feet and tenths. Bench marks: The top of the bottom plate of the lower girder, at the end of the first panel from thejl left bank, lower side, is 56.13 feet above the zero of the gage; top of lower end of coping on the main pier, right bank, lower side, 52.13 feet above the zero of the gage; bridge seat, on the right bank, lower side, 54.58 feet above the zero of the gage;
West Virginia Geological Survey.
47
west corner of abutment stone, by Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad station, 58.62 feet above the zero of the gage. The obseirer is M. W. Brellahan, agent, Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. The following discharge measurements were made by Prof. D. C. Humphreys and F. H. Anschutz in 1897:
«<
««i
March 81, ga^e height, 5.50 feet; discharge, 0,5ai7 second-feet ^^7 6* ga<« height, 8.50 feet; discharge, 16,QS1 fccond-feet May 16, gage height, 18.98 feet; discharge, 85,196 second-feet. May 31, gage height 8.70 feet; discharge, 5,145 second-feet. October 18, gage height, — 0.18 feet; discharge, 1,186 aecond-feet. November 6, gage height, 1.72 feet; discharge. 2.616 second-feet.*
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of New River at Fayette, W. Va..
for 1897.
Day i Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | June \ July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. ) Nov. \ Dec.
86
I
I
I
I
vr.io
I
I
I
I •9.501
l.RO 1.90 1.85 1.76 1.75
I
I
l.TO 1.75 8.50 8.40
The following data for 1898 are taken from pages 62 and 65 of Water-Supply Paper No. 27 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
48
Physiography.
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of New River at Fayette, W. Va.,
for 1898.
Day I Jan. j Feb. | Mari j Apr. | May | June | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | DccT
5
11
I
I
List of Discharge Measurements of New River
at Fayette, W. Va.
Date
1898 June 15. Aug. 6 . . Aug. 6 . . Aug. C. . Aug. C. Dec. 22.
I
D. C. Humphreys, D. C. Humphreys D. C. Humphreys, D. C. Humphreys. D. C. Humphreys. D. C. Humphreys
I Gage I
Height I Discharge
•Approximate.
T
I I
3
a
I
The following data for 1899 are taken from pages 164 and 165 of Water-Supply Paper No. 36 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
Duly Gage Height, in Feet, of New River at Fayette W. Va., for 1899.
"The following neaBurementa were made by D. C. Humphreys darlns 1899: June 2S, gage height, 3,65 feet; discharge, 5,097 second-feet; August 14. sage height, 1.80 feet; discharge, Z,98& second-feet."
The following rating table for the Fayette Station on Kew River is taken from page 445 of Water-Supply No. 39 of (he U. S. Geological Survey:
Physiography.
Rating Table for New River at Fayette, W. Va.
Gage Helgbt
Discharge In
Gage Height
Discharge In
in Feet.
aecond-feet
In Feet
aecond-feet.
-O.Z
i,'46o
l.S
Z,8B0
U.O
The following data are taken from pages 181 and 182 of Water-Supply Paper No. 48 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
"Durlnir 1900 the following meaeurements were made by D. C. Humphreys: March 31: Gage height, 8.49 feet; dtscharge, 17.387 second-feet. June 29: Gage height, S. 58 feet; discharge. 11,436 aecond-feet. July 26; Gage height, 2.47 feet; discharge, 4.625 second-feet. August 20: Gage height. 0.55 foot; discharge, 2,275 second-feet. December 21: Gage height. 3.40 feet; discharge, 5.915 second-feet."
West Virginia Geological Survey.
51
DaUy Gage Height, in Feet, of New River at Payette, W. Va.,
for 1900.
Day \ Jan. | Feb. | Mar. 1 Apr, j May | June f July I Aug. ( Sept | Oct. | Nov. | Dec
1
6
I
8
9
10
16
17
18
19
20
2fi 27 2ft 20 ."0 .11
S.95 3.20 3.40 .S.Io
;i.io
I 4.10
S.OOj 4.70 4.40 4.30 5.45
I
I I 3.40 I 4.05
I
I
-I
I
P. 65
I 4.761 4.40 4.25 4.30 4.20
I
I 0.90
I
a — Gpjre broken; no record.
The following Rating Table for New River at Fayette, West Virginia, is taken from , page 515 of Water-Supply Paper No. 52, "Operations at River Stations, 1900", of the U. S. CJeoIogical Survey :
52
Physiography.
Gage Height
Discharge In
Gage Height
Discharge in
in Feet.
second-feet.
in Feet.
second-feet.
The gaging station at Fayette, West Virginia, was discontinued May 22, 1901. During 1901 the following measurements were made by D. C. Humphreys, as given on page 294 of Water-Supply Paper No. 65 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
"March 27: Gage height. 7.54 feet; discharge. 16,813 second-feet. "July 30: Gage height. 3.55 feet; discharge. 6.706 second-feet."
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of New River at Fayette, W. Va.,
for 1901.
Day I Jan. I Feb. | Mar. [ Apr. | May 1 1 Day | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr, j May
5
11
a — Ettimated.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
53
The foUowng data are taken from page 102 of Water- Supply Paper No. 75 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
Monthly Discharge of New River at Fayette, W. Va.
(Drainage area. 6,200 square miles.)
Discharge in second-feet.
Month
I
Run-off
I
Second-feet per square mile
Depth In inches
1901 January . . . . February . . .
March
1
1
a — Approximate from April 21 to May 4.
As stated on a preceding page, the gaging station at Fayette, West Virginia, was discontinued May 22, 1901, but was reestablished August 11, 1902, the zero of the new gage being at the same elevation as the zero of the old gage. The following discharge measurements were made during 1902 by D. C. Humphreys, as given on page 186 of Water-Supply Paper No. 83 of the U. S. Geological Survey:-
'*JnLy 17: Gage height, 2.26 feet; discharge, 4,032 second-feet. "August 14: Gage height, 1.10 feet; discharge, 2,022 second-feet."
The daily gage height, as read by the observer, Mr. M. W . Brellahan, for 1902, is given on page 186 of the last-mentioned Water-Supply Paper, as follows :
54
Physiography.
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of New River at Fayette, W. Va.,
for 1902.
Day I Aug. | i5ept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. || Day | Aug. ) Sept. | Oct. | Nov.l Dec
1
8
I
S.96
1
o.9r
18
0.O5
The following Rating Table for New River at Fayette, West Virginia, for 1902, is taken from page 187 of Water- Supply Paper No. 83 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
Rating Table for New River at Fayette, W. Va., for 1902.
Discharge
Gage
Discharge
Gage
Discharge
Gage 1
Discharge
Height
Second-
Height
Second-
Height
Second-
Height
Second-
Feet.
Feet, f
Feet.
Feet. 1
Feet.
Feet.
Feet.
Feet
O.O*
'Discharge below 1 foot gage height is not well determined and must be considered as approximate.
The following data are also taken from page 187 of the report last mentioned :
West Virginia Geological Survey.
55
Monthly Discharge of New River at Fayette, W. Va.
(Drainage area, 6,200 square miles.)
Discharge In second-feet.
Montli
f
Maximum
Minimum
Mean
Run-off
Second-feet per square mile
Depth in inches
I
September
October
November
December
The data for 1903 are taken from pages 247 and 248 of Water-Supply Paper No. 98 of the U. S. Geological Survey. The observer was J. R. Durrett, a clerk in the store at Fayette, W. Va. On November 20, 1903, a standard chain gage was installed by W. C. Sawyer. It occupies the same position as the old wire gage, which it replaced, and it has the same datum. The leng^ of the chain from the end of the weight to the marker is 59 feet. The observations at this station during 1903 were made under the direction of E. G. Paul, district hydrographer. In 1903 the following discharge measurements were made by E. G. Paul and W. C. Sawyer :
September 21 : Gage height, 3.20 feet ; discharge, 3,968 second-feet.
56
Physiography.
Mean Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of New River at
Fayette, W. Va., for 1903.
Day
Jan. 1 Feb. Mar. Apr.
1 May 1 June 11.201 6.70
IJuly 7.70
1 Aug. 1 Sept
Oct. 1 Nov. 1 Dec.
1
2
3
i
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
11
12
13
14
16
1
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
28
24
26
26
27
28
l.SO
29
30
81
The observations for 1904 were made under the direction of N. C. Grover, district hydrographer, by J. R- Durrett, a clerk in the store at Fayette. The station was again discontinued on December 31, 1904. The records for 1904 were published on pages 68-70 of Water-Supply Paper No. 128 of the U. S. Geological Surv^ey, the daily gage height being ns follows:
West Virginia Geological Survey.
57
Mean Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of New River at
Fayette, W. Va., for 1904.
Day \ Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | June | July | Aug.
2
S
4
I
Si 22 23 24 25
I
I
S.ll| 1.46
2.I0I
Sept I Oct. "0.55
Nov. I
1.75 (a) 1.50 -0.41 1.10 -0.50 0.55 -0.64 0.66 -0.41
I 0.381-0.29 0.401-0.87 0.351-0.42
Dec.
a — Observer absent.
The estimated monthly discharge of New River at Fayette, W. Va., for 1904, as taken from page 70 of the Paper above mentioned, as as follows:
S8
Physiography.
Estimated Monthly Discharge of New River at Fayette, W. Va., for 1904.
(Drainage area, 6,200 square miles.)
Month
Discharge in second-feet.
t
Mean
Run-off
Second-feet per square mile
Depth in inches
January . . February . ,
March
April
May
June
July
August
September October , . November . December
The year
NOTE. — The above estimate can only be considered as approximate. It is based upon the 1902 rating table with some modification below 2 feet gage height
The station at Fayette, West Virginia, was reestablished July 16, 1908. The following data are from pages 75-76 of Water-Supply Paper No. 243:
"Its records furnish data for water-power, flood control, and storage problems. Wolf Greek enters on the right bank about one-eighth mile above the station; the drainage area above the section is about 6,800 square miles. (The previous tables have given the area as 6,200 square miles). The bed of the river here is rock, with large boulders on the bottom, which cause eddies and bolls at high stages. The bottom has been carefully determined and by using standard soundings and care in making measurements the discharge can be determined with accuracy. The datum of the gage has remained constant during the maintenance of the station, but numerous errors have entered into many of the gage readings prior to 1908, particularly before the chain gage was installed November 20, 1903, the orlginsJ wire gage being frequently many tenths in error. Owing to this cause and to the diflflculty of securing accurate measurements at Fayette, all estimates of discharge heretofore published are only fair. Elstimates of the discharge are withheld until sufilcient measurements are obtained to develop a complete curve based upon recent measurements."
West Virginia Geological Survey.
59
Discharge Measurements of New River at Fayette, W, Va., in 1908.
1
Area of |
Gage
Dis-
Date
Hydrographer
Width
section
height
charge
Feet
1 Sq.ft.
Feet 1
Sec.-ft.
August 13
W. G. Hoyt
a3.24
August 14
W. G. Hoyt
b2.59
September 19.
W. M. O'Neill..
September 21.
W. M. O'Neill..
cl.50
September 21
W. M. O'Neill..
a — Stage fell 0.6 foot during measurement.
c — Gage height is approximate.
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of New River at Fayette, W. Va„ for 1908.
Day 1 July 1 Aug Sep. 1 Oct.
Nov 1 Dec. 11 Day
Sep Oct |Nov
Dec.
1
a • • •
16
a « • *
2
17
3
18
4
19
6
20
21
22
28
24
26
26
27
28
29
30
81
0
*
7
8
9
10
11
12
Is
14
15
The records of the Fayette Station for 1909 are published on pages 78 and 79 of Water-Supply Paper No. 263 of the U. S. Geological Survey, as follows:
Discharge Measurements of New River at Fayette, W. Va., in 1909.
Area of
Gage
Dis-
Date
Hydrographer
Width
section
height
charge
Feet
Sq. ft.
Feet
Sec.-tt.
April 2 H. J. Jackson. .
April 14
H. J. Jackson..
a8.ll
June 26
H. J. Jackson . .
November 20.
A. H. Horton . . .
November 20.
A. H. Horton. . .
December 1..
G. L. Parker. . .
e faeight rose 0.72 foot during measurement.
6o
Physiography.
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of New River at Fayette, W. Va., for 1909.
(John R. Duirett and A. E. Plerson, observers).
Day I Jan. | Feb. ] Mar. | Apr. | May | June | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. Dec.
1
2
3
4
6
i
1
7
8
9
10
1
12
18
14
15
1ft
'6.74
17
18
19
I
The following data for the station at Feyette are taken from pages 68 and 69 of Water-Supply Paper No. 283 of the U. S. Geological Survey:
West Virginia Geological Survey.
6l
Discharge Measurements of New River at Fayette, W. Va., for 1910.
Area of
Gage
Dis-
Date
Hydrographer
Width
section
height
charge
Peet
Sq. ft.
Feet
Sec.-ft.
March 7
Horton & Bailey
March 7
Horton & Bailey
March 28
C. T. Bailey
June 18
H. J. JackBon. .
June 18
H. J. Jackson . .
June 19
H. J. Jackson..
June 19
H. J. Jackson . .
June 20
H. J. Jackson. .
June 20
H. J. Jackson. .
October 12...
C. T. Bailey...
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of New River at Fayette, W. Va., for 1910.
1
2
S
«
7
8
9
10
Li
26
Day
Jan. j Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | June [ July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec.
I
7.P0
1
1
•
The following data for the station at Fayette are taken from pages 40 and 41 of Water-Supply Paper No. 303 of the U. S. Geological Survey:
62
Physiography.
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of New River at Fayette, W. Va., for 1911.
Day I Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | June | July ] Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. j Dec.
3
a a • a
I 7.40
S.06 4.60 4.86 8.65 2.20
NOTE. — No icr rp'^orff'd hv the observer. Relation of Rage height to discharge probably not affected by ice during 1911.
The following data for the station at Fayette during 1912 are taken from page 46 of Water-Supply Paper No. 323 of the U. S. Geological Survey:
Discharge Measurements of New River at Fayette, W. Va., in 1912.
Date
Hydrographer
Gage
I Height I Discharge I Feet I Sec.-ft.
March 26 C. T. Bailey,
September 10. C. T. Bailey,
"The elevation of the zero of the gage is 838.44 feet above sea-level.
"Floods.— The flood of 1878 reached a height of about 53 feet by the present gage datum."
West Virginia Geological Survey.
63
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of New River at Fayette, W. Va., for 1912.
Day
1
8
4
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
1«
14
I Jan. i Feb. | Mar. | .\pr. | May | June | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec.
i
O.S
NOTE. — Observer made no reoort relative to ice. Relation of Rage heiijlit to discharge probably not materially affected by ice tiring 1912.
The following data concerning the station at Fayette for the year ending September 30, 1913, are taken from pages 49 and SO of Water-Supply Paper No. 353 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
Discharge Measurements of New River at Fayette, W. Va., in the Year Ending September 30, 1913.
Date
Hydrographer
I
Gage
Height
Feet
f
Discharge Sec.-ft.
March 28 June 19 . .
A. H. Horton | a33.2 I bl47,000
b. Velocities for this measurement determined by means of surface floats, efficient of 0.86 was used to reduce the observed velocities to mean velocities.
A Co-
64
Physiography.
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of New River at Fayette, W. Va., for the Year Ending September 30, 1913.
Day.
July I Aug. i Sept.
6
7
8
10
U 12 18 14 15
1
4.S
• a •
Note. — Observer made no notes concerning ice. Discharge relation probably not affected by ice during the year ending September 80, 1013.
The following data for the station at Fayette for the year
ending September 30, 1914, are taken from page 48 of Water- Supply Paper No. 383 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
"Oaffe. — Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, morning and evening, to hundredths. Limits of use: Half-tenths below and tenths above 0.
'*DlBCliarge Measurements. — Made from upstream side of bridge.
"Sztremee of Stag's. — Maximum stage recorded during year: 8.6 feet at 5 p. m. January 12; minimum, 0.10 foot at 5 p. m. September 80.
"The following discharge measurement was made by Peterson and Walters:
"November 15, 1013: Gage height, 6.05 feet; discharge, 10,400 sccond-feet.**
West Virginia Geological Survey.
65
DaUy Gage Height, in Feet, of New River at Fayette, W. Va., for the Year Ending September 30, 1914.
Day. T
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
S«pt.
8
8
4
6
6
7
8
»
10
11
It ,
6.S
18
16
1
0
17
' 7.4
18
19
S.8
20
21
4.rf
" 8.2
ts
24
15
«6
87
*>
t.8
88
89
So
Not*. — Discharge relation probably not materially affected by ice.
The following data for the station at Fayette for the year ending September 30, 1915, are taken from pages 55 and 56 of Water-Supply Paper No. 403 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
b — Chain gage attached to britlge; read daily, morning and evening, to handredtbs by C. J. Henry, George Stover, W. H. White.
"MMtgrnaimm of StftffOi^— Maximum stage recorded during year, 88.0 srt 7:30 a. m. Jantiary 8; minimum stage recorded, 0.4 foot October 7.
■ ' Ti^— Discharge relation little if at all affected by ice.
•None. _ lere may be some regulation due to operation of power plants
at or below Frica, Va.
•KDoopMmtiOlL*— Station maintained in cooperation with United States Engineer
Corps.
''Estimates of daily discharge withheld."
66
Physiography.
Discharge Measurements of New River at Fayette, W. Va., During the Year Ending September 30, 1915.
Datft
Made by
Gage
Height
Feet
October 26.. . November 9. . November 10. June 17
Mathers and Morgan. Mathers and Morgan. Mathers and Morgan. Ellsworth and Conklin
Discharge Sec.-ft
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of New River at Fayette, W. Va., for the Year Ending September 30, 1915.
Day.
Oct.
Nov.l
Dec.
Jan.
i'cb.
Mar.
1 Apr.
May
July Aug. 1 Sept.
1
i •••
I ...
I ...
11
•
' 1-2 0.8
2
s
4
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
18
14
16
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2.S
24
26
2fl
27
28
29
30
81
West Virginia Geological Survey. 67
Gaaley River.
Gauley River which unites with the New to form the Kanawha at Gauley Bridge has its source at the summit of Gauley Mountain near the common corner of Randolph, Webster, and Pocahontas Counties and flows in a general direction southwestward across Webster and Nicholas Counties to Carnifex Ferry at the mouth of Meadow River, where it forms the boundary between the latter county and the territory of this report westward to Belva. Here it suddenly veers to a south course in Fayette to its mouth at Gauley Bridge. From Camifex Ferry to its mouth it flows in a picturesque gorge almost as deeply indented in the topography as that of New River, and between these points it meanders widely, the total distance measured by its channel being 2.1 times the air-line distance between the same points. It also has a rapid rate of fall as shown in the table on the preceding page, that between Carnifex Ferry and the mouth of Horseshoe Creek being 25.3 leet to the mile; between Horseshoe Creek and Belva, 11.5; and bet^ween Belva and Gauley Bridge, 10.9. The total area of its drainage basin, all included within the State, is 1435 square miles of which 164.43 square miles is included within Fayette County, only 34.67 per cent, of the latter area being drained by it and its largest tributary — Meadow River — in Fayette. Its possibilities for water-power development are discussed on a subsequent page in Chapter XII.
Its principal tributaries in Fayette are Rich, Sugar, Horseshoe, and Laurel Creeks and Meadow River, details concerning which and other minor affluents, as regards rate of fall, area of drainage basins, and meanders, are given in the tables on the preceding pages of this Chapter.
As on the Kanawha and New Rivers, the U. S. Geological Survey maintains gaging stations on Gauley and Meadow Rivers — three on the former and one on the latter. Those on the Gauley are located at Allingdale, Brock's Bridge, and Belva; and on Meadow River, at Russellville, the detailed records of the latte two, as published in the Water-Supply Bulletins of the U. S. Geological Survey, are given below.
68
Physiography.
The following data concerning the Gaging Station on Gauley River at Belva, West Virginia, are taken from pages 86 to 87 of Water-Supply Paper No. 243 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
Gauley River at Belva, W. Va.
«r
'This station is located about one-half mile below ^elya, W. Va. It was established August 25, 1908» to obtain data for use in studying water-power, water-supply, pollution, flood control, and storage problems.
"Twentymlle Creek enters on the right bank about one-eighth mile above the station. The drainage area above the section is about 1,420 square miles.
"The gage datum has remained unchanged. The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not been obtained to enable estimates of the flow to be made."
Discharge Measurements of Gauley River at Belva, W. Va., in 1908.
Date
Hydrographer
Width Feet
I Area of section Sq. ft.
Gage I Dis-height J charge Feet I Sec.-ft.
August 26
September 22a
W. G. Hoyt... W. M. O'Neill.
48
48
60
dWading measurement.
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of Gauley River at
Belva, W. Va., for 1908.
Day.
Aug. Sept.
Oct,
1 Nov.
Dec.
Day.
Dec.
1
16
1
2
17
3
18
4
19
5
•
20
6
21
7
22
8
23
9
24
10
86
26
12
87
28
29
30
81
13
14
15
1
1
lage heights September 18-28 have been interpolated by comparison of other Gauley River stations.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
69
The following data concerning the Gaging Station on Gauley River at Belva, W. Va., for 1909, are taken from page 92 of Water-Supply Paper No. 263 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
<ti
'Discharge measurements are made by means of a boat and cable, or by wading. A staff gage is fastened to a tree on the right bank about 1,000 feet below the gaging section. • • • •
"The following discharge measurement was made by H. J. Jackson:
"April 1, 1909: Width, 258 feet; area, 1,620 square feet; gage height, 4.98 feet; discharge, 3,990 second-feet.'
f>
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of Gauley River at at Belva, W, Va., for 1909.
(L. Li. DavlB and C. L. Dayis, observers.)
Day.
I Jan. I Feb. | MaT.| Apr. | May IJune | July | Aug. | Sept | Oct \ Nov.| Dec
it.
Hz. «4. 95.
S«.
rr.
1.S6
' 3.57
S.92
' 8.51
conditions the latter part of December. December 28, thickness of
ice. 0.25 foot.
The following data for 1910 are taken from page 82 of Water-Supply Paper No. 283 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
70
Physiography.
Discharge Measurements of Gauley River at Bclva, W. Va., in 1910.
Date
1 Hydrographer
Width Feet
Area of
section
Sq.ft.
Gage Dif?- height charge Feet Sec.-ft.
March 8
August 26
Horton & Bailey C. T. Bailey
aMeasurement not at regular section.
Day.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of Gauley River at
Belva, W. Va., for 1910.
Jan. I Feb. | Mar.| April | May [June | July | Aug. | Sept.|
6.82' 8.15 6'.42 5.55 4.92
• a • •
Oct. I Nov. I Dec.
I 2.711
Xrota.— Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Dec. 16 to 23. Jan. 12, Feb. 8, and Dec. 17, observer reported ice along shores.
The following data for 1911 are taken from pages 54 and 55 of Water-Supply Paper No. 303 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
"Channel. — Coarse gravel; practically permanent. "Discharge Measurements. — ^Made from a boat 1,000 feet above gage or by wading.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
71
"Floods. — No records of floods previous to installation of gage are available. Maximum gage height since installation of gage was approximately 19 feet January 30, 1911.
''Winter Flow. — Relation of gage height to discharge may be affected by ice at intervals during December, January, and February."
Discharge Measurements of Gauley River near
Belva, W. Va., in 1911.
Date
Hydrographer
I Gage
Height I Discharge Feet Sec.-ft.
October 15 . . . October 16...
Bailey and Perwien. Bailey and Perwien
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of Gauley River near
Belva, W.Va., for 1911.
. L.
Day.
1 Jan. Feb.
|M»-
• a • •
May 3.80 3.70 3.70 3.60 3.45
' 3.20 3.12 3.02 2.98 2.92
IJune
July 1 Aug. 1 Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec. iVso
1
5.S8 8.48 7.72 7.80 16.00 10.55
■
a • ■ • -
a ■ • •
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Is
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
So
31
yot«.— Observer made no notes concerning ice. Relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected by ice during 1911.
The following data for 1912 are taken from pages 59 and 60 of Water-Supply Paper No. 323 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
72
Physiography.
Discharge Measurements of Gauley
Belva, W. Va., in 1912.
near
Date
Hydrographer
Septem'ber 11.
C. T. Bailey. C. T. Bailey.
Oage
Height
Feet
T
DlBcbarge Sec.-ft
""a6,480 b 342
aM Kanawha & Michigan Railroad bridge 6 miles below gage; increase in drainage
area about 1 per cent. bWading measurement.
Daily Gage Hdght, in Feet, of Gauley River near
Belva, W. Va., for 1912.
Day.
1 Tan. I Feb. I Marr.| Apr.
May
June
July Aug. J
Sept.
Dec
1
S.6 8.7 4.8
2
>
8
4
5
8
7
8
9
10
11
12
18
14
15
16
17
18
10
20
21
22
23
24
25
27
28
29
So
Si
VotCw— Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by i^ J^- ''".^^ and - — about
and Feb. 7-18. Observer reported as follows: Jan. 16, river entirely frozen over; ice about 4 inches thick, control partly frozen; Jan. 20, no ice; Feb. 4, river open in middle, ice along shore 2 inches thick, control open; Feb. 11, ice along shore 4 inches
thick, ice broken up at control; Feb. 21, no ice.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
73
The following data for the year ending September 30, 1913, are taken from page 63 of Water-Supply Paper No. 353 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
''Gage. — ^Vertical staff fastened to tree on right bank; read daily, morning and evening, to hundredths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 2.0, half-tenths from 2.0 to 3.6; and tenths above 3.5 feet. Sea-level elevation of the zero of the gage, 663.68 feet.
"No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year ending September 30, 1913."
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of Gauley River near Belva, W. Va., for the Year Ending September 30, 1913.
Day. 1..
I Oct I Nov.) Dec j Jan. | Feb. | Mar.l Apr. | May j June | July \ Aug. | Sept
■ff.7
4.B
' 2.76
s.*;
m
>
4.t
' 5.8
t ■ •
Not»ii Observer made no report concerning ice. Discharge relation probably not aflPected by ice during the year ending September 80, 1913.
The following data for the year ending September 30, 1914, are taken from pages 62 and 63 of Water-Supply Paper No. 383 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
74
Physiography.
of StaiTA- — Maximum stage recorded during year: 14.1 feet at 6 p. m. November 16, 1913. Minimum .stage not known because no gage readings acre available from July 14 to August 1, 1914.
"The following discharge measurement was made at Gauley Bridge, about 6 miles below the gage, by Peterson and W*alters:
"November 21, 1913: Gage height, 4.69 feet; discharge, 3,540 second-feet."
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of Gauley River near Belva, W. Va., for the Year Ending September 30, 1914.
Day.
1
2
3
4
6
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
55
26
27
28
29
30
31
I Oct I Nov. I Dec. | Tan. | Feb. | Mar.] Apr. | May \ June | July | Aug. | gcpt
2.Y
a. 98
Note. — Discharge relation probably affected by ice Feb. 18-18 and Mar. 2-6.
The following data for the year ending September 30, 1915, are taken from pages 68 and 69 of Water-Supply Paper No. 403 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
"Gage. — Vertical staff fastened to tree on right bank; read daily, morning and evening, to hundredths by Stephen Elliott.
"Extremes of Stage. — Maximum stage recorded during year. 7.85 feet at 7 a. m. February 16; minimum stage, 0.95 foot at 6 p. m. October 8 and 9.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
75
**The following discharge measurements were made by wading, by Mathers and Morgan:
"November B, 1914: Gage height, 2.06 feet; discharge, 315 second-feet
"November 11, 1914: Gage height, 1.83 feet; discharge, 206 second-feet."
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of Gauley River near Belva, W. Va., for the Year Ending September 30, 1915.
Day.
I Oct. I Nov. I Dec. | Jan. \ F«b. | Mar.| Apr. | May | June | July | .'\uk. | Sept.
8.
9.
1
1
Feb. 8.
rotOb- Gage carried away by ice Dec. 20, 1914; no gage readings Dec. 20, to
The following data concerning the Gaging Station located en Meadow River near Russellville, West Virginia, are taken from page 88 of Water-Supply Paper No. 243 of the U. S. Cfcolog^cal Survey:
76
Physiography.
Meadow River near Russellville, W. Va.
"This station is located at Bays Ferry, about 3 miles below RussellTille, W. Va, It was established July 17, 1908, to obtain data for use in studying water-power, flood control, and storage problems.
"Youngs Creek enters about one-fourth mile above the section. The drainage area above the section is about 297 square miles.
"This is a cable and boat station. Low-water measurements are made by wading.
"The datum of the gage has remained unchanged. The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not been obtained to enable estimates of the flow to be made."
Discharge Measurements of Meadow River near RusseUville, W. Va., in 1908.
Date
Hydrographer
Width Feet
Area of
section
Sq. ft.
Gage
height
Feet
Discharge Sec.-ft.
July 18
August 7a. . . .
O'Neil and Chapman 106
W. G. Hoyt 95
aWading measurement.
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of Meadow River near RussellviUe, W. Va., for 1908.
Day 1 July! Aug. | Scpt.| Oct. | Nov.| Dec
Day Julyl Aug. | Sept| Oct. Nov. | Dec
S..
'
The description of this station quoted above is repeated on page 94 of Water-Supply Paper 263 of the U, S. Geological Survey giving the data for 1909, with the further statement that "the chain gage is attached to trees on the left bank above the ferry". The data for this station for 1909 given below are from the reference last cited.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
77
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of Meadow River near
RusseUviUe, W. Va., for 1909.
Day.
I Jan.
1 Feb.
|M«r.
1 Apr.
1 May 1 June |
July 1 Aug. I Sept.| Oct | Nov.l Dec.
1
2
3
4
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
18
14
16
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
28
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
ice conditions December 9 to 31. December 21, thickness of ice, 0.8 foot. December 26 to 81, gage readings are to top of ice.
The following data concerning the gaging station near Russell ville for the year 1910 are taken from page 84 of Water- Supply Paper No. 283 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
Discharge Measurements of Meadow River near Russellville, W. Va.» in 1910.
Area of
Gage
DJe-
Date
Hydrographer
Width
section
height
obarge
Feet
Sq.ft.
Feet
Sec.-ft.
March 2
C. T. Bailey
March 26
C. T. Bailey....
October 14. ..i
C. T. Bailey
October 15...,
C. T. Bailey
99
78
Physiography.
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of Meadow River near RusseUville, W. Va., for 1910.
Day.
IJan.
Feb. 1 M»r.
1 Apr.
May IJunc
Dec.
1
• B • •
a8.18 7.52 7.20 6.90 6.54
a6.48 6.42 6.26 6.20 6.73
a6.ll 6.44 6.08 6.89 6.76
> ■ • >
2
a6.59
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
26
27
28
29
6.P6
80
31
alee gorge reported by observer Jan. 11, Feb. 1 and 6, and Dec. 2. irotSi^— Relation of gage height to discharge arffected by ice about Jan. 1 to 18, Feb. 1 to 7, and Dec. 2 to 24.
The following data for the year 1911 are taken from pages 56 and 57 of Water-Supply Paper No. 303 of the U. S. Geological Survey:
"Channel. — Permanent.
''Discharge Measurements. — ^Made from a boat or by wading.
"Accuracy. — Gage-height records are considered very reliable. In the fall backwater is sometimes caused at the gage by leaves lodging at the riffle below. Sufficient data have not been collected to permit estimates of discharge to be made."
"The following discharge measurement was made by C. T. Bailey by wading at section above regular measuring section:
"July 29, 1911: Gage height, 3.03 feet; discharge, 15.2 second-feet."
We.St Virginia Geological Survey.
79
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of Meadow River near Russellville, W. Va., for 1911.
Day.
IJan.
1 Feb.
Mar. Apr.
May|
June 1 July | Aug. j Sept. Oct |
Nov. Dec
1
a • • ■
2
3
4
5
7
8
0
10
11
12
1 J
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
28
24
25
26
27
28
So
80
81
Hot«rf— Observer reported ice as follows: Jan. 10 and Feb. 22, ice gorged: Feb. 24 and Dec 5, backwater, from ice.
The following data concerning the gaging station on Meadow River near Russellville are taken from pages 62 and 63 of Water-Supply Paper No. 323 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
"Accuracy. — ♦ ♦ ♦ Because of an error in the gage found by wye levels on November 20, 1913 (before this report was prepared), gage heights of discharge measurements and daily gage heights for this station for 1909, 1910, and 1911, published in Water-Supply Papers 263, 283, and 303, should be corrected as follows:
'February 21^ 1909, to June 7, subtract 0.02 foot.
'June 8 to September 24, subtract 0.03 foot.
''September 25, 1909, to January 11, 1910, subtract 0.04 foot.
'January 12 to April 28, subtract 0.06 foot.
'April 29 to August 15, subtract 0.06 foot.
«i
«<
8o
Physiography.
"August 16 to November 30, subtract 0.07 foot. December 1, 1910, to March 17, 1911, subtract 0.08 foot.
K'
f>
'March 18 to July 8, subtract 0.09 foot. 'July 4 to October 19, subtract 0.10 foot ''October 20 to December 31, 1911, subtract 0.11 foot.' "The necessary corrections have been applied to the gage heights in the following tables:
If
Discharge Measurements of Meadow River near Russenville, W. Va., in 1912.
Date
Hydrographer
Gage
Height
Feet
I
Discharge Sec-ft.
March 27
March 80
C. T. Bailey, C. T. Bailey
Daily Gage Height, in Feet» of Meadow River near Russellvaie, W. Va., for 1912.
Day! I Jan. | Feb. | MaT.| Apr. | May | June | July | Aug. [ Sept.] Oct | Nov.| Dec7
1
9
8
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
18
18
14
16
16
17
18
> • ■ •
Ip
Is 1 • • • • I
22
•o • . . .
«d ■ • • ■ I
^O >••••■••■ 4Po •••••■•••
20
80
31
a6.5
a5.2
a6.1
a6.06
1
1
"Hot^w— Relation of gaiare height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 6*80 and Feb. 4-8. Obftcrver reported as follows: Jan. 6, ice gorge; Jan. 10, river frozen up solid, ice 4 inches thick at gage; Jan. 15, control frozen, river entirely frozen over, ice
■ i
3S
West Virginia Geological Survey.
8l
5 inches thick at gage; Jan. 22 and 29, control open, river partly frosen over, ice 6 and 4 inches thick at gage; and Jan. 30, ice gone out. No notes relative to ice during Fel>ruary. In October and November the gage observer reported that false work for the construction of the piers of the new county highway bridge below the gage was placed about the middle of October; that piers were started Oct. 28 and finished Nov. 6, ami that the bridge would not be completed until after Dec. 81, 1012.**
The following data for the gaging station on Meadow River near Russellville for the year ending September 30, 1913, are taken from page 65 of Water-Supply Paper No. 353 of the U. S. Geological Survey:
t*i
'Gage. — * * * Read daily, morning and evening, to hundredths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 4.5; half -tenths from 4.6 to 6.6, and tenths above 5.5 feet.
"No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year ending September 30, 1913."
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of Meadow River near Russellville, W. Va., for the Year Ending September 30, 1913.
Day.
1.
{ Oct. I Nov. I Dec. I Jan. I Feb. | Mar.| Apr. | May I June [ July | Aug. | Sept.
S.3S
a9.8
oGage height estimated by observer.
B'Oti.r— Observer reported backivater from ice Feb. 8 and 9. Discharge relation affected by ice about Feb. 7 to 18, 1918.
Water too high for observer to reach gage Jan. 8 and April 15-16.
82
Physiography.
The following data concerning the gaging station near Russellville for the year ending September 30, 1914, are taken from pages 64 and 65 of Water-Supply Paper No. 383 of the U. S. Geological Survey:
''Discharge Measureiment*. — Made from the concrete highway bridge built in 1913, or by wading.
"Channel and Control. — Practically permanent.
"Extreme of Stage. — Maximum stage recorded during year: 10.8 feet, November 17, 1918. Minlmmn stage recorded: 2.59 feet at 6 p. m. July 2. 1914."
Discharge Measurements of Meadow River near Russellville, W. Va., During the Year Ending September 30, 1914.
Date
Made by
Gage
Height
Feet
Discharge Sec.-ft
November 18.
Peterson and Walters
November 20. v
Peterson and Walters
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of Meadow River near Rzussellvillc, W. Va., for the Year Ending September 30, 1914.
Day. I Oct. | Nov.| Dec. | Jan. | Feb. | Mar.| Apr. | May \ June | July | Aug. | Sept.
6.
6.5 I 6.0 6.1 6.4 j 6.7 6.7 6.9 j 6.45| 6.5
aObserver unable to reach gage; water too high. Flood reached a stage of 10.8 feet on Nov. 17 as detennineQ when the station was visited on Nov. 18, 1913.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
83
Hota. — ^Discharge relation probably aiFected ^y ice about Jan. 18-20, Feb. ]5«18, and March 1-6.
The following data concerning the gaging station near Russellville for the year ending September 30, 1915, are taken from pages 70 and 71 of Water-Supply Paper No. 403 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
"Gage. — Chain gage attached to trees on left bank Just above the bridge, near former ferry crossing; read dally, morning and evening, to hundredths, by J. R. Bays.
''Extreme of Stage. — ^Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.26 feet at 7:40 a. m., February 3; minimum stage, 2.63 feet, October 4.
"Data Inadequate for determining dally discharges.
"The following discharge measurements were made by Mathers and Morgan:
"October 30, 1914: Gage height, 3.39 feet; discharge, 49 second-feet. Gage height, 3.36 feet; discharge, 46 second-feet."
Daily Gage Height, in Feet, of Meadow River near Russellville, W. Va., for the Year Ending September 30, 1915.
\ Oct. I Nov. I Dec. | Jan. | Feb. J Mar.| Apr. | May | Jun< \ July 1 Aug. | Sept.
Day.
1
2
8
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
17
18
W
80
21
32
28
24
25
2«
27
28
7V ■ • • • •
80
S.64
S.ld
4.v:7
Wot^n River partly frozen over Dec. 14 and 15 ; complete ice cover Dec. 16-18. Gage read to top of ice Dec. 26. Gage was stolen Aug. 4 and replaced Aug. 15: record missing.
Topographic Features.
The topography of Fayette is very similar to that of the central belt of counties in the southern half of the State, in that the surface features of the northwest half of the County show a regular succession of high sharp ridges, separated by deeply indented and V-shaped valleys. In the southeastern half, erosion has not progressed nearly so far as may be readily seen on Map I. Here occurs a high, partially dissected plateau, ranging in elevation from 1850 feet above sea-level in the Fayetteville region to 3150 feet, 2 miles southwest of Rainelle. As mentioned at the beginning of this Chapter, evidence is not lacking for the ancient Cretaceous peneplain. This base-leveled condition, which had an elevation of about 1000 feet above sea-level at the Ohio River and 1400 feet at Charleston, is represented by the crests of the highest ridges and hills along the Kanawha-Fayette County Line which have an elevation of about 2000 feet, rising southeastward to about 2500 feet at Parral and Herberton and 3050 feet at Maywood and Goddard Knob on the eastern border.
In the eastern half of the County there appear to be marked indications or remnants of the Tertiary peneplain mentioned at the beginning of this Chapter. These base-leveled surfaces have approximately the same elevation above sea-level along northeast-southwest lines as shown below at
the points named:
Ejlevation. Feet.
CUlty and OakhUl 2000
Pittman, Danese and Backus 2660
The elevation of this peneplain appears to have been 500 to 600 feet below the Cretaceous peneplain mentioned above.
The deep gorges cut by the Kanawha, New, and Gauley Rivers have already been discussed, the bed of the first-mentioned stream having an elevation of slightly less than 600 feet above sea-level at the Fayette-Kanawha County Line. Sewell Mountain and Walnut Ridge along the southeast border of Sewell Mountain District are the highest mountain ranges.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 85
the crests of Myles, Ford, and Walnut Knobs attaining an elevation of 3375 feet above sea-level. Other mountain ridges that have attained sufficient elevation and importance to warrant naming on Map I are Gauley Mountain and Dogwood Ridge in Falls District; Paint Mountain along the southeast borders of Kanawha and Fayetteville Districts; Packs and Garden Ground in the latter area; and Mann, War Ridge, Patterson, Fork, and Turniphole in Quinnimont District. With the exception of Mann Mountain, direct structural influence has apparently played a small part in their formation, their present summits being largely upheld by more resistant layers of the rock strata. The last mentioned is largely an anticlinal fold, since its axis corresponds closely with that of the Mann Mountain Anticline described on a subsequent page in Chapter III.
Part Ii
Geology.
Chapter Iii.
Structure.
Structure is that phase of geology which treats of the pitch or lay of the stratified rocks, the methods used in representing it on maps and the definition of terms having already been given by the writer^ in previous County Reports for the State Geological Survey.
Method Used In Representing Structure.
The contour method of representing structure has been used on Map II accompanying this Report, since there is an absence of intense folding resulting in "overturns" in the rock strata. This method consists in showing by means of contour lines the elevation above sea-level of a definitely recognized stratum or "key-rock", the results being determined either by observations directly on it or by its known interval above or below other identified members of the rock column. In Fayette County it was found more feasible to base the contours on two different "key-rocks"; viz, the No, 2 Gas and Sewell Coal beds, as these are both widely persistent and definitely correlated in certain portions of the area. It was
*Ray V. Hennen, Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Report, pp. 69-60; 1909.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 87
found advantageous to use the former bed in that region lying northwest of the 1300-foot level of the Sewell Coal. All that area to the southeast of this level was based on the latter bed. The elevation of these coals above sea-level, as also the area covered by each set of contours, is shown in detail on Map II which accompanies this Report in a separate atlas — the green lines for the No. 2 Gas Coal, and the red for the Sewell. In each set the contour interval is 50 feet, which makes it possible to determine the approximate position of any stratum at any point by a liberal use of the two tables of intervals given below. By far the greater number of elevations on rock exposures and wells were determined with aneroid, these being checked on known spirit-level elevations. In localities where one or both of the coals were below drainage or could not be found in the hills, observations were taken on other known members of the strata and the true position of the "key-rocks" determined by intervals.
These intervals between known members of the rock column are not constant over a very large portion of the county, due to the rapid thickening of the measures both southeastward and southwestward ; hence, instead of using constant intervals between the No. 2 Gas Coal and other known members, and likewise for the Sewell, in determining the final position of the contour lines on Map II, a series of intervals for different localities in the area had to be devised. The first of the two following tables gives the intervals in feet above and below the No. 2 Gas Coal to the other members named in the left-hand column for the points designated. The second table in a similar manner gives the same information for the Sewell Coal. The interval — 1450 feet — between these "key-rocks" at Herberton is practically the same as that which prevails in the northwest portions of Wyoming and McDowell Counties, as shown on page 35 of the author's Report for the latter area, where the Pottsville Series attains its greatest development in the State :
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The sections and well records from which the intervals in the accompanying tables were determined are published on subsequent pages and referenced by localities in the Index. In order to determine the approximate position of a coal bed or any other member of the rock column in any region, subtract or add, as the case may be, its interval for that locality above or below the "key-rock" from the elevation of the latter as shown by the structure contours for the point in question. If the formation is not listed in the accompanying tables, then its interval may possibly be found from its known position to a listed member or in a local section.
Detailed Structure.
General Features.
As shown by the structure contours on Map II, the rock strata have been only slightly disturbed by the upward or lat- I
eral movement of the earth's crust, since these have a general rise to the southeast at a very low angle with the horizontal from the northwest boundary of Fayette to the southeast border of the County, accentuated slightly by the Mann Mountain, Ravenseye, and Boggs Knob Anticlines and depressed by the Clifftop, Lawton, and Springdale Synclines. Over a large portion of its area the pitch is so low that even on the steepest structural slopes the dip of the rocks is barely perceptible to the eye. The lowest point structurally is at the common corner of Fayette, Kanawha, Clay, and Nicholas Counties, where the No. 2 Gas Coal has descended to only 590 feet above the sea-level ; and the highest is at the extreme southeastern point of Quinnimont District, where the Sewell Coal has risen to slightly over 3700 feet above sea-level. At the latter point the No. 2 Gas Coal should belong about 1500 feet higher, or at an elevation of 5200 feet, making the total structural relief 4610 feet between the two extremes in an air-line distance of 39 miles — a general rise to the southeast at the rate of 119 feet to the mile. This rate is much exceeded at several points along the line between these two points, since the three comparatively shallow syn-clines above mentioned intervene.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 9I
On the -whole the structure, as represented on Map II, harmonizes fairly well with that shown on maps previously issued by the State Gelogical Survey for adjoining counties, except that the Wake Forest Anticline of Krebs^ has apparently died out to the northeast before reaching the main valley of Paint Creek in the Burnwell-Greencastle region.
Description of Folds .
A glance at Map II shows that the general strike of the strata runs in a northeast-southwest direction and that the rocks have a general rise to the southeast that is interrupted by the six following folds which attain sufficient prominence to warrant description:
Anticlines. Syncllnes;
Mann Mountain. Clifftop,
Ravenseye. Lawton.
BoggB Knob. Springdale.
Mann Mountain Anticline. — The Mann Mountain Anticline, not previously described in the State Survey Reports, is the most pronounced upward fold in the county, and it has been so named by the writer from the mountain along the axis of which it attains its greatest development. The axis of the fold enters Fayette from Nicholas County near the mouth of Beech Run of Gauley River, 1% miles southwest of the mouth of Peters Creek; bears S. 30° E. for about 12 miles to a point j^ mile southeast of Divide; and veers to an almost due south course for 8}i miles to its apex on the summit of Mann Mountain, 2 miles north of Gentry, where it changes to a southwest course for 3 miles to a point 0.7 mile northwest of Greenwood. From the latter point it again resumes an almost due south course, crossing New River into Raleigh County at Glade beyond which it apparently dies out in the ereneral southeast rise of the strata.
Along the crest of this fold the surface rocks belong in the basal half of the Kanawha, and in the New River and Pocahontas Groups of the Pottsville Series, and in the Mauch Chunk division of the Mississippian. At the Nicholas-Fayette
•C. B. Krebs, Geologic Map, Kanawha County Report; 1913.
I ine, as shown on Map II, the No. 2 Gas Coal has an ekvation of about 1750 feet above sea-level. Southeastward from this point the axis rise rapidly to a point ^ mile south of Ramsey, bringing the latter coal up to 2300 feet and the Sewell bed, to 1300 feet above the same datum. Beyond this point the rise continues rapidly to the southeast along the crest of the dome-like structure, 2 miles slightly west of north from Gentry, bringing the latter coal to about 3120 feet above sea-level. Southwestward from this apex the axis dies down gradually, bringing the Sewell Coal down to 2950 feet, J/$ mile northwest of Greenwood, and 2850 feet above the same datum at Laurel Creek. From the latter point the axis again resumes its southward rise, bringing the latter bed to an elevation of 2950 feet above sea-level at its intersection with New River.
Northward from Laurel Creek the axis of the Mann Mountain Anticline practically coincides with the divide between the drainage of Gauley and New Rivers, with the exception of Manns Creek. This leads to the conclusion that the formation of this fold was probably contemporaneous with the upheaval of the floor of the Appalachian Basin at the close of The Carboniferous, or not later than the crustal movements that immediately followed the formation of the Cretaceous peneplain described in the preceding Chapter.
Clifftop Syncline. — The CliflFtop Syncline, not previously described in the State Survey Reports, is a shallow downward fold lying immediately on the east side of the anticline last discussed. It has been traced northward by the author to a point J4 mile east of Keslers Crosslanes in Nicholas County. From this point it bears southward, crossing Gauely River Yi, mile east of Carnifex Ferry, and follows closely the valley of Meadow River to Shawvers Bridge near the mouth of Hed-ricks Creek. From this point the axis bears S. 15° E. for 6 miles to a point IJ^ miles southwest of Russellville, where it veers to a course about S. 15** W. through the village of Cliff - top from which it has been named. From this place it continues the same course to its southwest terminus, 1 mile southwest of Landisburg.
Along the axis of this fold the surface rocks belong exclusively in the Kanawha and New River Groups of the Pottsville
West Virginia Geological Survey. 93
Series. One-half mile eastward from Keslers Crosslanes, as shown on Map II, the No. 2 Gas Coal has an elevation of about 20G0 feet above sea-level. Southward along the axis of the Clifftop Syncline this coal rises gradually, bringing it up to 2300 feet, slightly over a mile south of Camifex Ferry, and the Sewell Coal, to 2300 feet above the same datum. The axis continues its southward rise, bringing the latter coal up to 2000 feet, 2 miles southwest of Russellville ; 2350 feet, at Clifftop; and 2750 feet, 1 mile southwest of Landisburg. The formation of this fold was synchronous with that of the Mann Mountain Anticline, or probably near the close of Carboniferous time.
Ravenseye Anticline. — The Ravenseye Anticline, not previously described in State Survey Reports, is a spur jutting off to the northeast from the high dome on the Mann Mountain arch, 2 miles northward from Gentry. From this point its axis extends North 30 to 35 degrees East for 11 miles, apparently terminating about 2 miles northeast of Corliss at Meadow River on the Fayette -Greenbrier County Line. It passes about one-half mile east of Ravenseye Post-office, from which point it has been named.
The surface rocks along the crest of this fold belong exclusively in the New River and Pocahontas Groups of th6 Pottsville Series. At its southwest terminus the Sewell Coal has an elevation of about 3120 feet above sea-level, as shown on Map II. Northeastward from the latter point, the axis dips rapidly for 2j4 miles, bringing the latter coal down to 2750 feet just beyond Glade Creek, where it flattens considerably and brings the same coal down to about 2550 feet above sea-level, 1 mile northeast of Corliss. Its age is probably contemporaneous with that of the Mann Mountain arch previously described.
Lawton Syncline. — ^This downward fold in the rocks, lying immediately on the east of the anticline last described, has its apparent northeastern terminus near the Fayette- Greenbrier Line, slightly over a mile northeast of Corliss. From this point its axis bears southwestward roughly parallel with that of the Ravenseye Anticline, crossing Laurel Creek, 2.4 miles eastward from Landisburg; Smoky Branch, 0.7
mile northwest of Danese; and the Sewell Mountain-Quinnimont District Line, 1 mile southeast of Gentry. From the latter point it continues its southwest course closely along the valley of Laurel Creek and practically dies out near the crest of the Mann Mountain Anticline. Since this fold has not been previously described, it is herein named the Lawton Syncline from the mining town on the last-mentioned stream through which it passes.
The surface rocks along the axis of this fold belong exclusively in the New River and Pocahontas Groups of the Pottsville Series, and in the top portion of the Mauch Chunk Series of the Mississippian. At its northeast terminus the Sewell Coal has an elevation of about 2550 feet above sea-level, as shown on Map II. Southwestward from this point the axis rises gradually, bringing the latter coal up to about 2690 feet above the same datum at Laurel Creek, 1 mile northwest of Danese. It continues to rise in the same direction, but much more rapidly for 4 miles, into a saddle-like structure en the Sewell Mountain-Quinnimont District Line, bringing the same coal to about 2870 feet. From this point it flattens slightly southeastward, carrying the Sewell Coal down to about 2850 feet at its southwest terminus near Laurel Creek Station. The formation of this fold is evidently synchronous with that of the Ravenseye Anticline above described.
Boggs Knob Anticline. — This upward fold in the rocks enters Fayette from Greenbrier County just southwest of Boggs Knob, and since it has not been previously described, it is herein designated as the Boggs Knob Anticline. From ihe point where it enters the former county its axis bears southwestward, crossing Sewell Creek, 0.8 mile northward from Springdale; and the Fayette-Summers County Line, J4 mile southward from Meadowbridge (Clute P. O.).
The surface rocks along its crest belong exclusively in the New River and Pocahontas Groups of the Pottsville Series and in the Mauch Chunk Series of the Mississippian. At the summit of Boggs Knob on its axis the horizon of the Sewell Coal has an elevation of about 3675 feet above sea-level. Southwestward to a point }i mile northeast of Medowbridge, its axis is almost horizontal, and between the latter point and
West Virginia Geological Survey. 9$
the Summers County Line there is a dip of slightly less than
50 feet. The fold is non-symmetrical about its axis as is shown
on Map II by the rapid dip prevailing on its northwestern
flank as compared to the slight reversal on its southeastern
slope. Its age is probably synchronous with that described for
the Mann Mountain arch on a preceding page of this Chapter.
Springdale S3nicline. — ^The very shallow downward fold in the rocks, lying immediately on the southeast of the anticline last described, enters Fayette from Greenbrier County slightly less than a mile northwest of the summit of Turnip-hole Mouiitain and extends southwest approximately parallel with the axis of the Boggs Knob Anticline, leaving the former county near the common corner of Fayette, Summers, and Greenbrier Counties. It is so shallow that the location of its axis on Map II is more or less uncertain, due to lack of sufficient data to definitely define it. As this fold has not been previously described it is herein designated the Springdale Syncline from the village near which it passes.
The surface rocks along this basin are the same as described for the crest of the Boggs Knob Anticline, the axis of the syncline being practically horizontal along that portion of it at least that is included within the territory of this Report, the horizon of the Sewell Coal having an elevation of about 3630 feet above sea-level. Its age is synchronous with that of the anticline last described.
Minor Anticlinal Spurs. — There are two short anticlinal spurs outlined by the contours on Map II that are worthy of mention. One extends northward from Dogwood Creek in Falls District to a point slightly less than one mile northwest of Keslers Crosslanes, roughly parallel and 1 to lj4 miles west of the axis of the Cliflftop Syncline. This may develop northward into a more pronounced fold in Nicholas County. The other is a still shorter anticlinal spur extending westward from near Thayer to McKendree, and thence southwestward to the Fayette-Raleigh County Line, 1.4 miles westward from New River. Neither of these folds appears to attain sufficient importance to warrant naming them.
Unconformities and Absence of Faults.
Slight local unconformities, revealed by the temporary absence of coal beds and sandstone ledges, occur at many localities within the area. These, however, are rather limited in extent and do not warrant description. The evidence in other portions of the State is further corroborated in Fayette that there is a marked unconformity at the junction of the Pottsville Series with that of the Mauch Chunk. That a considerable period of time elapsed from the close of the latter period before the deposition of Pottsville sediments was begun, is evidenced by the marked contrast in the conditions accompanying sedimentation, the soft, red shales of the former being succeeded by the heavy, coarse, gray to grayish-white and current-bedded sandstones and coal seams of the former.
There appears to be a complete absence of faults in the territory of this Report, as no marked displacements of the lock strata were observed.
Chapter Iv
Stratigraphy.
General And Special Sections.
Introduction.
The surface rocks of Fayette County, with the exception of the Quaternary sands, gravel, and clay along the larger stream valleys, are all of Paleozoic Age, only the Pennsylvanian and Mississippian Periods being represented. There is some evidence available, however, through several scattered oil and g^s well borings in the western half of Fayette and in the adjoining County of Summers on the east, of the thickness and character of the underground strata, including the rocks of the basal portion of the Mississippian and Upper Devonian Periods.
The following table gives the generally accepted classification of the rocks available for study, with minimum and maximum thicknesses in feet of the formations designated, the former dimension prevailing in the northwest margin of the area, and the latter, in the southeast border :
Age.
Quaternary
Paleozoic -<
Period. Recent.
I
Series. Present Surface Formation.
Kanawha Group (1100-1875 feet) New River Group (600-920 feet) Pocahontas Group (50-475 feet)
Mauch Chunk (500-2500 feet) Greenbrier Limestone (150-950 feet) Pocono Sandstones (450-625 feet)
98 Stratigraphy — General Sections*
The Quaternary rocks are represented by clays, sand, and gravel deposited along the valley floors of the rivers and creeks, as shown by an appropriate symbol on Map II. The same map shows that the Allegheny Series of the Pennsylvanian is confined to near the summits of the high hills and ridges in the northwest portions of Falls and Kanawha Districts, only the basal two-thirds of the formation being represented at probably the maximum thickness of the beds left uneroded.
However, the great bulk of the surface rocks belong in the Pottsville Series of the Pennsylvanian, all the three groups — Kanawba, New River, and Pocahontas — ^being represented and succeeding each other in the order named southeastward across the area.
General Sections. Allegheny, Pottsville, And.Mauch Chunk
Series.
Practically the entire upper third of the Allegheny Series has been eroded in Fayette County, only the members below the upper division of the Lower Freeport Sandstone being observed. The following general section of the entire series, republished from pages 228-229 of the Braxton-Clay Report of the State Survey and the maximum thicknesses of members determined by the writer in southern Clay County, is probably representative of the Allegheny measures as once present in the territory of this Report :
General Section of the Allegheny Series.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Coal, Upper Freeport, medium-soft, multiple-bedded 0 to 5 5
Fire ciay shaie, Bolivar 0 to 5 10
Limestone, Upper Freeport, lenticular, frequently replaced with 6" to 12" of "Kidney" Iron Ore, Upper Freeport.. 0 to 6 15
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. gQ
ThlckneBS. Total. Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, Upper Freeport, maasive, coarse, conglomeratic, gray to grayish-brown, with large white and bluish-black quartz pebbles %" to 2" in diameter, forms great cliffs along Elk River, and is an important "key-rock" 50 to 68 83
Coal, Lower Freeport, medium-soft, irregular
» lenticular 0 to 2 86 85'
Fire clay shale and shale, sandy, with 5" to 10" of "Kidney" Iron Ore, Lower Freeport 10 to 15 100
Sandstone, Lower Freeport, massive, coarse, grayish-brown, prominent cliff-maker in western Clay, where it is quite pebbly 25 to 32 132
Coal, Upper Kittanning "Rider," mostly bony cannel and a split off the Upper Kittanning proper , 1 to 3 135
Shales, sandy .' 0 to 25 160
Coal, Upper Kittanning, medium-soft, multiple-bedded, same bed as miued commercially at Queen Shoals on Elk River 2 to 5 165 80'
Sandatone, Upper Eaat Lynn, massive to current-bedded, medium-grained to coarse and conglomeratic, large quartz pebbles, great cliff rock 50 to 77 242
Coal, Middle Kittanning, <'North Coal-burg/' multiple-bedded, medium-hard, with both gas and semi-splint layers, same bed as once mined commercially at North Coalburg 0 to 8 250 85'
Sandstone, East Lynn, massive to current-bedded, medium-grained, seldom pebbly, forms great cliffs 25 to 67 317
Coal, Lower KitUnning, «No. 5 Block", "Roaring Creek," multiple-bedded, hard block and splinty, with softer gas layers, same bed as long mined commercially near Montgomery 4 to 8 325 75'
Sandstone, Kittanning Oto 22 347
Coal, Clarion, medium-soft 0 to 3 350 25'
The investigations of the author in Fayette County during Ihe field season of 1916 revealed the important fact that the Douglas and Lower Douglas Coal beds of Wyoming and McDowell Counties belong in the Kanawha Group instead of the New River division of the Pottsville Series as shown by the author in the general section of the latter formation on page 55 of the State Geological Report for the latter area ; and
lOO STRATIGRAPHY — GENERAL SECTIONS.
that the Upper Nuttall Sandstone should correlate with the conglomeratic Panther Sandstone shown in the same section at the top of page 56 of the last-mentioned Report, This would add 270 feet to the 1830-foot total for the Kanawha Group in Wyoming and McDowell, or a final total of 2100 feet. A corresponding amount would have to be subtracted from the total of 1300 feet shown for the New River Group in the same section, thus leaving only 1030 feet for the latter formation in these two counties, a figure that is only about 100 feet greater than the maximum thickness of the same group in Fayette County. Since the maximum development of the Kanawha Group in the latter area is only about 200 feet less than its thickness in Wyoming and McDowell where the Pottsville Series attains its maximum development in the State, the section last mentioned above is republished below with some modifications from pages 51-60 of the Report for the latter area to represent not only Fayette but also the southern half of the State and at the same time correct the former error as to the dividing line between the Kanawha and New River Groups in the Wyoming-McDowell area. The error was a very natural one to make, owing to the absence of direct tracing of the Nuttall Sandstone from the New River region southwestward and of conglomerate sandstones in the Kanawha Group of the Pottsville along the Kanawha Valley, thus leading to the erroneous conclusion that the conglomeratic Dotson Sandstone of Campbell^ should represent the Nuttall Sandstone or true top member of the New River Group.
General Section of Pottsville Series for Southern Half of
West Virginia.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, Homewood, massive, grayish-white, cliff maker 75 to 95 95
Coal, Stockton "A", multiple-bedded,
splinty, slaty Oto 5 100
*M. R. Campbell, Tazewell Fblio No. 44, U. S. Geol. Survey; 1898.
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Id
Thickness. Total. Feet Feet.
Kanawha Black Flint, bluish-black and cherty in Fayette, a marine fossil zone Oto 10 110
Coal, Stockton, multiple-bedded, splinty, mined extensively in the Kanawha Valley Oto 10 120 120'
Shale, sandy, with impure fire clays . . 26 to 50 170
Sandstone, Upper Coal burg, coarse, massive, gray, often weathering into "chimney rock" columns on hill summits and points 50 to 80 250
Shale 5 to 10 260
Coal, Coal burg, multiple-bedded, spllnty layers, mined extensively in Kanawha Valley and in Mingo County 2 to 10 270 150'
Fire clay, Impure, sandy shales 0 to 20 290
Coal, Little Coaiburg, splinty, not
mined commercially in State Oto 3 293
Fire clay, impure, sandy shale, with
thin coals Oto 22 315
Sandstone, Lower Coaiburg, often
forms great clifPs 20 to 40 355
Shale, sandy 5 to 9 364
Coal, Buffalo Creek, multiple-bedded, hard, mined commercially in Mingo County Oto 6 370 100'
Fire clay and shale 35 to 55 425
Limestone, Buffalo Creek (Winifrede?), • hard, gray, lenticular, with marine fossils on Island Creek, Logan County, and at Rawl, Mingo County 0 to 2 427
Sandstone, Upper Winifreds, massive,
yellowish-gray 20 to 30 457
Shale 2 to 3 460
Coal, Winifrede, multiple-bedded, hard, splinty, mined extensively in Ka- ^ nawha Valley 1 to 10 470 100'
Fire clay, impure, and sandy shale... Oto 20 490
Coal, Lower Winifrede, multiple-bedded, splinty Oto 2 492
Sandstone, Lower Winifrede, massive. 10 to 23 515
Shale Ito 2 517
Cod, Chilton "A", multiple-bedded, not
mined commercially In State Oto 3 520 50'
Fire clay, impure, and shale, (probable horizon of marine fossil if er-ous Winifrede Limestone of Winifrede Creek, Kanawha County, and Indian Gap. Raleigh County) . 10 to 18 538
Sandstone, Upper Chilton, massive,
medium-grained, micaceous 20 to 40 578
Coal, Chilton "Rider", splinty, multiple-bedded, upper portion of seam mined extensively on Spruce Fork, Logan County Oto 4 582
I02 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
TlilckneBs. Total.
Fire clay Bhale Oto 20 602
Coal^ Chilton, multiple-bedded, splinty,
lower portion of bed mined extensively on Spruce Fork, Logan
County, and same as mined on
Dingess Run and Buffalo Creek,
same county Ito 8 610 90'
Fire clay, impure, and shale Oto 5 615
Sandstone, Lower Chitton, massive... Oto 30 645
Coal, Little Chilton, double-bedded,
split off seam mined on Dingess
Run and Rum Creek, Logan
County Oto 2 647
Sandstone, Hernahaw, massive 20 to 49 696
on Lens Creek, Kanawha County,
where it is known as the "Black
Fire clay and sandy shales 1 to 5 705
Sandstone, Naugatuck 15 to 21 726
Coal, Dingess, multiple-bedded, gas
type, once mined commercially at
Dingess, Mingo County, and may
be same as Williamson Coal of
Mingo County Ito 4 780 80'
Shale Ito 5 735
Sandstone, Williamson 5 to 20 755
Shale • Ito 5 760
Limestone, Dingess, gray and hard,
frequently brown and siliceous,
lenticular and ferriferous, with
marine fossils, widely persistent
in Kanawha, Fayette, Nicholas,
Boone, Logan and Mingo Counties Oto 2 762
nodules and plant fossils 0 to 80 792
Coal, Williamson, multiple-bedded,
splinty, mined commercially at
Williamson, Mingo County, and at
Auburn, Kentucky Ito 8 800 70'
Fire clay, impure, and shale 1 to 5 805
Sandstone, Upper Cedar Grove 10 to 40 845
Shales, dark-gray, with iron ore nodules and holding marine fossHiferous
Seth Limestone of Boone
County near base 20 to 50 895
splinty; when normal, the base of
upper bench is hard and splinty;
and reverse is true of lower bench ;
mined extensively in Kanawha
Valley; same as Island Creek
seam; upper bench the Red Jacket
or Upper Thacker bed of Mingo
County 2 to 5 900 100'
West Virginia Geological Survey. Io3
Thickness. Total.
Fire clay and shale 0 to 10 910
Sandstone, Middle Cedar Grove, massive, frequently holding a thin coal 0 to 60 970 Coal, Lower Cedar Grove, multiple-bedded, splinty at top, as is the lower bench of the Cedar Grove proper of Kanawha; also of the Island Creek bed of LiOgan; likewise the same as the Lower Thacker of Mingo County, where it is mined commercially 2 to 5 975 76'
Fire clay, impure, and shale 1 to 10 985
Sandstone, Peerless, same as Lower Cedar Grove of the Reports for Logan-Mingo and Wyoming-Mc- Dowell areas 20 to 30 1015
Coal, Alma "A", not mined commercially in State 0 to 1 1016
Shale, dark-gray, with iron ore nodules
and plant fossils 5 to 9 1025
Coal, Alma, multiple-bedded, splinty layers, same as Draper bed of Logan County; mined extensively in Logan, Mingo, and Boone Counties 2 to 5 1030 55'
Fire clay, impure, and shale 0 to 5 1035
Sandstone, Monitor, massive, bluish-gray, medium-grained, micaceous, same as the Logan of the Logan- Mingo County Report 20 to 40 1075
Shale, sandy Ito 5 1080
Coal, Little Alma, multiple-bedded, slaty, not mined commercially in State Oto 3 1083 63'
Sandstone, Lower Monitor, massive, micaceous, erroneously correlated with Peerless in Reports for Logan-Mingo and Wyoming-McDowell areas 15 to 29 1112
Shale, sandy, gray and flaggy 1 to 5 1117
Limestone, Campbell Creek, dark-gray,
hard, siUceous, lenticular 0 to 2 1119
Shales, flaggy and sandy, with iron ore
nodules and plant fossils 10 to 20 1139
Coal, Campbell Creek, multiple-bedded, gas type, includes both the Peerless and No. 2 Gas seams in Kanawha Valley, and Warfleid, Free-bum, Bumweli, and Upper War Eagle beds of Mingo County, mined commercially over wide area in southern half of State 2 to 6 1145 62'
Sandstone, Lower Campbell Creek Oto 30 1175
Coal, Lower Campbell Creek, multiple-bedded, not mined commercially in State Oto 4 1179
I04 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
Thickness. Total. Feet Feet.
Sandstone, Brownstown, massive, bluish-gray and brown, micaceous ... 10 to 17 1196 Coal, Powellton "A", double-bedded,
not mined commercially In State. Oto 1 1197
Shale, sandy, ilagrgy, laminated 10 to 18 1215
Coal, Powellton, multiple-bedded, both gas and spllnty type, mined extensively In Fayette County, and same as Hatfield Tunnel seam of
Mingo County Oto 5 1220 75'
Shale, dark, laminated 10 to 20 1240
Limestone, Stockton, ''Cannelton", siliceous, lenticular, carrying marine fossils on Simmons Creek, Kanawha County Oto 4 1244
Shales, dark, with marine fossils in southeastern Boone and northern
Wyoming Counties 25 to 34 1278
Coal, Matewan, double-bedded, soft gas type, not mined commercially in
State Oto 5 1283 63'
Sandstone, Matewan, massive 20 to 37 1320
Coal, Eagle "A", soft gas type, not
mined commercially in State Oto 2 1322 39'
Sandstone, Eagle, massive, coarse,
gray and brown 20 to 37 1359
Shale, carrying fossil shells on head of Little Cub Creek, near Botsford, Wyoming County, Dorothy in Raleigh, and Crescent in Fayette. 5 to 10 1369 Coal, Eagle, both soft gas and semi-splint type, multiple-bedded, mined extensively in Fayette, Mingo, and McDowell Counties, and same as Middle War Eagle seam of Turkey Creek, Mingo, and Mohawk of
western McDowell County 1 to 6 1375 53*
Fire clay, impure, and shale Oto 5 1380
Sandstone, Bens Creek 0 to 27 1407
Coal, Bens Creek, multiple-bedded, soft, gas, columnar type, and apparently a split off the Eagle bed proper
of Fayette County Oto 3 1410 36'
Fire clay and shale 0 to 10 1420
Shale, carrying marine fossils at Oceana and northwest of Elklick, Wyoming County, and bracklsh-water fossil fauna at Smithers, Fayette. 0 to 9 1486 Coal, Little Eagle, multiple-bedded, soft, gas, columnar type, once mined commercially near Parral, Fayette County; sometimes coalesces with Eagle seam on Paint
Creek below Kingston in Fayette. 1 to 4 1490 80'
Sandstone, flaggy and shaly Oto 20 1510
West Virginia Geological Survey. Io5
TlLickness. Total.
Coal, Cedar, multiple-bedded, soft, gas type, once mined commercially at Cedar, Mingo County, and apparently a split off the Little Eagle proper of Fayette Oto 4 1514 24'
Sandstone, Grapevine, making cliffs along N. & W. Ry. grade at mouth of Grapevine Creek in Mingo County 25 to 30 1544
Shale, Eagle, dark to black, laminated,
marine fossils 15 to 20 1564
Limestone, Eagle, dark, brittle, lenticular, with marine fossils widely persistent from Kanawha River to Kentucky and Virginia line Oto 2 1566 62'
Shale, Eagle, black, with iron ore
nodules and marine fossils 10 to 25 1591
Coal, Little Cedar, not mined commercially in State 0 to 1 1592 26'
Sandstone, Lower War Eagle, flaggy,
micaceous 20 to 30 1622
Slate, black, with plant fossils 5 to 10 1632
Coal, Lower War Eagle, multiple-bedded, soft, gas type, not mined commercially in State Oto 3 1635 43'
Shale Ito 5 1640
Sandstone, Upper Gilbert, massive, grayish, medium-grained, making cliffs opposite Gilbert, Mingo County 40 to. 50 1690
Shale, black, laminated, siliceous, with iron ore nodules; at Oceana, carrying the dark-gray, siliceous, lenticular Oceana Limestone (0" to 24") near top 5 to 15 1705
Sandstone, bluish-gray to dark, laminated 5 to 15 1720
Coal, Glenalum Tunnel, multiple-bedded, soft, gas, columnar type, much split up with slate partings 1 to 2 feet thick, not mined commercially in State Oto 15 1735 100'
Sandstone, Lower Gilbert, massive, grayish-white to brown, lower of twin cliffs opposite Gilbert, Mingo County 50 to 79 1814
Coal, Gilbert "A", multiple-bedded, soft, gas, columnar type, observed only in southwest edge of Mc- Dowell County 0 to 1 1815
Shale, Gilbert, dark, flaggy, laminated, with marine fossils on Clear Fork, Wyoming County and at Mt. Carbon, Payette, just above which belongs the Dorothy ? Limestone (0" to 24" thick) 40 to 5 1820
I06 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
ThlckneBS. Total. Feet Feet.
Coal, Gilbert, multiple-bedded, soft, gas, columnar type, not mined commercially in State; important seam in western Wyoming County and In Fayette and Nicholas 0 to 4 1824
Shale, sandy, lenticular. 0 to 6 1830 96'
Sandstone, Dotson, current-bedded, medium-grained to coarse, frequently pebbly, making great cliffs along N. & W. Ry. grade between War Eiagle and Wyoming Station (formerly Dotson) ; same as Bearwallow Conglomerate of Tazewell Folio, U. S. Geological Survey; coarse, brown, and friable in Raleigh and Fayette 75 to 125 1955
Coal, Douglas "A", observed only in
southern McDowell Ito 0 1955
Shale, sandy, lenticular 50 to 10 1965
Coal, Douglas, generally single-bedded, soft, columnar type, mined commercially at Douglas Station, Mc- Dowell County, and same as "KIdd" seam of Herberton, Fayette Ito 5 1970 140'
Fire clay shale, sandy Oto 5 1975
Sandstone, Lower Dotson, heavy to current-bedded, sometimes conglomeratic, grayish-white to brown, friable, making great vertical cliffs along banks of Clear Fork and on down Guyandot River, to Justice in Wyoming County 50 to 100 2075
Shale, Douglas, dark, sandy, laminated, with marine or brackish-water fossil fauna at base 5 to 15 2090
Coal, Lower Douglas, multiple-bedded, soft, gas, colunmar type, not mined commercially in State 1 to 5 2095
Shale, gray and sandy 1 to 5 2100 130'
Sandstone, Upper Nuttall, massive to heavy and current-bedded, grayish-white to brown, conglomeratic in McDowell, where It forms cliff between Panther and Douglas Station, same as Panther Sandstone of Wyoming-McDowell Report 100 to 50 2150
Shale, dark, sandy Oto 7 2157
Coal, larger "B", multiple-bedded, soft, gas, columnar type, observed only on headwaters of Panther Creek, McDowell County, not mined commercially Oto 3 2160 60'
West Virginia Geological Survey. Io7
Thickneas. Total.
Sandstone, Lower NuttaM, "Upper larger", massive, medium-grained, gray to brown, making cliffs 175 feet above Tug Fork, at larger, McDowell County 30 to 60 2210
Coal, larger "A", slaty and sulpburous, observed only on headwaters of Panther Creek, McDowell County 1.6 to 0 2210 60'
Shale, Upper larger, dark, argillaceous, laminated, with plant fossils at base 5 to 60 2270
Coal, larger, generally double-bedded; soft, columnar, mined locally at larger, McDowell, 100 feet above N. & W. Ry. grade, apparently same as Hughes Ferry Coal of Kanawha Valley 1 to 6 2275 66'
Shale, sandy 0 to 5 2280
Sandstone, Middle laoger, massive, grayish-white, medium-grained to coarse, forms cliffs at larger, Mc- Dowell 30 to 40 2320
Coal, Lower larger, double-bedded, soft, columnar, not mined commercially in State Oto 2 2322 47'
Pire clay shale Oto 3 2326
Sandstone, Lower larger, massive, gray and brown, medium-grained, micaceous 20 to 30 2365
Shale, Lower larger, dark-gray, argillaceous, laminated 20 to 35 2390
Sandstone, Harvey Conglomerate, current'-bedded to massive, conglomeratic, medium-grained to coarse, grayish-white to brown, lenticular, forms great cliffs near ridge summits, H mile southwest of Pando and % mile N. 60'' W. of English, McDowell County 125 to 25 2415
Shale, Sandy Huff, dark-gray, argillaceous, laminated, cropping flush with N. & W. Ry. grade, just below mouth of Sandy Huff Branch, McDowell County 6 to 40 2455
Coal, Castle, multiple-bedded, soft, columnar, irregular, not mined commercially 2 to 0 2465 133'
Sandstone, Quyandot, massive, cur- - rent-bedded, often conglomeratic, medium-grained to coarse, lenticular, grayish-white, forms great cliffs in Payette, Raleigh, Wyoming, McDowell, and Mercer Counties, and bed of New River at Oauley Station, C. & O. Ry., Pfeyette Oto 76 2530
I08 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
•
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Shale, sandy, and dark Oto 5 2636
Coal, Sewell «B", mulUple-bedded, soft, columnar, attains mlnable dimensions only in southeastern Wyoming and McDowell Counties, erroneously correlated with larger Coal on pp. 261-2 of Volume 11(A) Oto 6 2640 86'
Shale, sandy, flaggy, laminated 10 to 24 2664
Coal, Sewell "A", double-bedded, soft, columnar, not mined commercially in State Oto 1 2666 26'
Sandstone, Lower Guyandot, massive to current-bedded, medium-grained, grayish-white, lenticular, forms cliffs in Wyoming, McDowell, Raleigh, and Mercer Counties 0 to 60 2616
Shale, Hartridge, dark, with plant fossils and in Fayette often carrying fre»h. or brack iah.water foMil shells Oto 6 2620
Coal, Sewell, generally double-bedded, soft, columnar, mined commercially in Fayette, Raleigh, and Mc- Dowell; in latter county known locally as "Davy" bed Oto 10 2630 65'
Shale, gray, sandy, lenticular 40 to 6 2636
Sandstone, Welch, massive to current-bedded, grayish-white, lenticular, forms great cliffs along Tug Fork between Welch and Roderfleld and Dry Fork near Bradshaw, Mc- Dowell County Oto 60 2686
Shale, dark, argillaceous, lenticular. . . 0 to 6 2690
Coal, Welch, multiple-bedded, soft, columnar, mined commercially at Hemphill, Premier, Coalwood, 1 mile east of Ritter and 1.6 miles southeast of Beartown, McDowell County Oto 6 2696 65'
Shale, gray, sandy Oto 6 2700
Sandstone, Upper Raleigh, heavy to current-bedded, grayish-white to brown, forms great cliffs in Fayette, Nicholas, Raleigh, Wyoming, and McDowell 60 to 76 2776
Coal, Little Raleigh "A", not mined
commercially 0 to 3 2778
Shale, sandy, lenticular. . .' 0 to 26 2803
Coal, Little Raleigh, multiple-bedded, soft, columnar, known as "Snake Root" bed of McDowell County, not mined commercially in State. 4 to 2 2806 110'
Shale, sandy, lenticular 16 to 6 2810
West Virginia Geological Survey. Io9
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, Lower Raleigh, massive to current-bedded, lenticular, prominent cliff-maker in Fayette and Raleigh Counties 100 to 50 2860
Coal, Beckley "Rider" 0 to 2 2862
Shale, dark-gray, argillaceous, lenticular Oto 17 2879
Coal, Beckley, multiple-bedded, soft, columnar, mined commercially in Raleigh and McDowell Counties, same as "War Creek" bed of latter area; known as "Slab Fork" and "Winding Gulf seams in former Oto 10 2889 84'
Sandstone, Quinnimont, lenticular. ... 0 to 66 2955
Shale, Quinnimont, dark-gray, siliceous to argillaceous, laminated, lenticular Oto 35 2990
Coal, Fire Creek, "Quinnimont", multiple-bedded, soft, columnar, mined commercially in Fayette and Raleigh; same as locally known as "Lower Beckley" at Slab Pork, latter county Oto 5 2995 106'
Shale, sandy, with sandstone layers.. 10 to 28 3023
Coal, Little Fire Creek, multiple-bedded, soft, columnar, not mined commercially in State Oto 2 3025 30'
Sandstone, PInevilie, massive to current-bedded, forming sheer cliff almost 100 feet on Guyandot River at PInevilie, Wyoming County 50 to 65 3090
Shale, sandy 0 to 5 3095
Coal, No. 9 Pocahontas, multiple-bedded, soft, columnar, not mined commercially in State 0 to 5 3100 75'
Shale and sandstone mixed ' 0 to 28 3128
Coal, No. 8 Pocahontas, impure, soft, columnar, not mined commercially
in State Oto 2 3130 30'
Sandstone, Flattop Mountain, massive to current-bedded, medium-grained, micaceous, bluish-gray to brown, capping ridge summit of Flattop Mountain at Coaldale, Mercer County 20 to 50 3180
Shale, Rift, dark-gray, with argillaceous and siliceous layers, cropping in bed of Big Creek at Rift, McDowell County 30 to 17 3197
Coal, No. 7 Pocahontas, multiple-bedded, soft, columnar, not mined commercially in State Oto 3 3200 70'
Shale, gray and sandy 0 to 5 3205
no STRATIGRAPHY — GENERAL SECTIONS.
Thickness. Total. Feet Feet.
Sandstone, Pierpont, heavy to current^ bedded, medium-grained, hard, micaceous, bluish-gray to light-gray, making great cliff flush with Virginian Ry. grade ^ mile southeast of Pierpont, Wyoming County 40 to 60 3265
Shale, sandy, alternating with sandstone 0 to 35 3300
Shale, Royal, bufT, sandy, with fresh, or brackish-water fossil fauna in Raleigh, Fayette, and Mercer Counties Oto 5 3305
Coal, No. 6 Pocahontas, multiple-bedded, soft, columnar, mined commercially in Mercer County and Just below Rainelle, Fayette Oto 5 3310 110'
Shale, sandy Oto 5 3315
Sandstone, Ecl<man, massive to current-bedded, medium-grained, buff to bluish-gray, once quarried in hill due east of Eckman, McDowell County; often cuts out the No. 5 and No. 4 Pocahontas Coals 40 to 67 3382
Coal, No. 5 Pocahontas, multiple-bedded, soft, columnar, not mined commercially in State Oto 5 3387 77'
Shale, sandstone, and dark shale, with
plant fossils abundant Oto 20 3407
Coal, No. 4 Pocahontas, multiple-bedded, soft, columnar, mined commercially on Elkhom Creek and Tug Fork, McDowell County 0 to 8 3415 28'
Shale, sandy 0 to 5 3420
Sandstone, Upper Pocahontas, massive to heavy-bedded, medium-grained to coarse, quarrieii at Pocahontas. Virginia 25 to 55 3475
Coal, No. 3 Pocahontas "Rider", not
mined in State 2 to 0 3475
Shale, dark, with plant fossils abundant, and fresh-or brace<l8h-water foesli fauna reported on Piney Creek, Raleigh County Oto 10 3485
Coal. No. 3 Pocahontas, multiple-bedded, soft, columnar, mined extensively in McDowell, Mercer, and Wyoming Counties 0 to 15 3500 86'
Shale, gray and sandy 0 to 10 3510
Sandstone, Lower Pocahontas, generally massive, medium-grained, when shaly often carries 18" to 24" of slaty coal (No. 2 Pocahontas <'A'') near middle 0 to 50 3560
Shale, gray and sandy 0 to 8 3568
I
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Ill
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Coal, No. 2 Pocahontas, multiple-bedded, soft, columnar, not mined commercially in State Oto 2 3570 70'
Shale, gray Oto 6 3576
Sandstone, Vivian, massive^ bluish-gray, medium-grained, lenticular, quarried at ESast Vivian, McDowell C5ounty Oto 29 3604
Coal, No. 1 Pocahontas, genefally single-bedded, soft, columnar, not mined in State 0 to 1 3605 35'
Sandstone, LandgrafT, massive, buff, medium-grained, micaceous, quarried at LandgrafF, McDowell County Oto 20 3625
Coal, LandgrafT, soft, columnar, not
mined in State Oto 1 3626 21'
Sandstone, Keystone, massive, buff, medium-grained, micaceous, making cliff S to 10 feet above N. & W. Ry. grade at Keystone Station, McDowell County Oto 23 3649
Coal, Keystone, impure, not mined in
State Oto 1 3650 24'
Shale and sandstone 10 to 15 3665
Shale, North Fork, black, with thin lenses (1" to 2") of iron ore, carrying fresh, or brackish-water fos. si I fauna, crops flush with N. & W. Ry. grade at North Fork, McDowell County, and in same railroad grade at Matoaka 5 to 10 3675
Coal, Simmons, soft, columnar, cropping in public road Just northwest of Simmons Station, Mercer County Oto 1 3676 26'
Shale and sandstones, alternating Oto 122 3798
Coal, Squire Jim, multiple-bedded, soft, columnar, observed only near Squire Jim. McDowell County Oto 2 3800 124'
Shale and sandstone to top of Mississippian, or red shales of Mauch Chunk Oto 50 3850 50'
The great thickness (3850 feet) of Pottsville strata shown in the foregoing general section for southern West Virginia represents the maximum development of the series for the State in Mingo, Wyoming, and McDowell Counties, although that for the Herberton region of Fayette approaches this figure with a total of 3000 feet. These results are in marked contrast of the figures — ^250 to 300 feet — prevailing in the
112 Stratigraphy — General Sections.
northern border of the State. The author has fortunately teen able to make a study of every single member of the above section at crop exposures in some part or other of southern West Virginia, and some portions of the section may require still further revision, this being especially true in Mingo County of that portion of the Kanawha Group lying above the marine fossiliferous Dingess Limestone, since, as mentioned on a subsequent page under the description of I he Winifrede Limestone, it is probable that the fossiliferous '* Buffalo Creek" Limestone may correlate with this Winifrede Limestone of the Kanawha Valley. The rapid expansion of the Pottsville Series southeastward and southwestward from the Kanawha River makes it a very difficult matter to correlate accurately the several contained coals as also the many sandstones and marine fossil horizons, this difficulty being further enhanced by the fact that the intermediate region between the latter river and the Kentucky and Virginia border on the waters of Tug Fork of Big Sandy is largely forested. This is specially true for that portion of the column intervening between the Beckley and No. 3 Pocahontas Coals, where deposition has been exceptionally irregular. Otherwise, it is believed that the section as it stands will require but little revision in the future as the rapidly increasing number of mining operations on the several coal beds and the test borings and public highways incident thereto greatly facilitate the opportunities to study the rock succession.
The longest exposure of the Mauch Chunk Series occurs in the extreme southern point of Fayette on the northeast hillside of New River. Here about 1200 feet of these measures outcrop above the bed of the latter stream, while there is probably an equal thickness lying below the same datum on down to the top of the Greenbrier Limestone or middle division of the Mississippian. The following is a general section of that portion of the Series exposed at crop in the County :
West Virginia Geological Survey. Ii3
General Section of the Mauch Chunk Series.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Red and green shales, alternating with greenish-gray to brown, micaceous sandstones 200-to 375 375
Sandstone, Princeton Conglomerate, massive, grayish^-white, very pebbly, making great cliffs along Meadow Creek, and quarried 0.4 mile southward from Meadow-bridge (Clute P O.) 60 to 76 460
Shale, gray 10 to 14 464
Limestone, Terry, carrying marine
foMils Ito 1 466
Red and green shales, alternating with greenish-gray to brown^ micaceous sandstones * 500 to 735 1200
Interval below drainage to base of Series or top of Greenbrier Lime, stone, estimated 1000 to 1300 2500
Special Sections In Kanawha County And Falls District
A large number of special sections, showing the rock succession and the thickness and character of the several beds, were measured throughout the County and in the adjoining portions of Kanawha and Nicholas with aneroid and spirit-level. These have been supplemented in many instances with the logs of diamond drill test borings for coal, and churn drill borings for oil and gas. All these will now be given by magisterial districts. *
In December, 1913, while gathering data along the Kanawha River Valley to determine here the true position in the measures of the Dingess Limestone of Mingo County, described on a subsequent page, as also that of the Winifrede Coal bed, C. E. Krebs and the author measured the following important section. The upper 365 feet was determined with hand-level southwestward from the ridge summit, 0.6 mile southeast of the mouth of Scott Branch of Fields Creek, and the balance, on the south hillside of Kanawha River, immediately southwest from the C. & O. Railroad station at Wini-
114 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
frede Junction, that portion between the Winifrede Coal and the Dingess Limestone being measured with an aneroid, and the residue with hand-level :
Winifrede Junction Section, Kanawha County.
Thickness. Total
Allegheny Series (146') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, Upper East Lynn, massive, coarse-grained, grayish-white, conglomeratic, large quartz pebbles i%"
tanninff-^North Coalburg" Coal) 16 68 68'
Sandstone, East Lynn, current-bedded, medium-grained, grayish-white 72 140
Concealed in bench (holds No. 5 Block- Lower Kittanning Coal) 10 150 82'
Kanawha Group, PottsvUle Series (629')
Sandstone, Homewood, platy, current-bedded, medium-grained 32 182
Concealed 29 211
visible 4 215 65'
Sandstone, Upper Coalburg 10 250
Concealed, steep slope 15 265
Concealed in bench, Coalburg Coal horizon 5 270 55'
Sandstone, Lower Coalburg 50 320
Shale and concealed 45 365
Coal, Winifrede, at closed prospect (1062'
Sandstone, Lower Winifrede 20 385
Concealed 75 460
Concealed in bench (Chilton Coal horizon) 10 470 106'
Concealed in steep slope 40 510
Sandstone, flaggy and shale 10 520
Coal streak, Hernshaw 0.1 520.1
Shale and concealed 34.9 555 85'
Shale, dark-gray, Dingess Limestone horizon, marine fossils, genus Productus
abundant 1 556
Shale, sandy 5 561
Sandstone, broken, shale layers, Upper
Cedar Grove 20 581
Concealed in slight bench 5 586
Fire clay shale and shale, buff 8 633
Sandstone, limy at top, flaggy and micaceous at base 13 646
Concealed in bench 18 664
Concealed in steeper slope 26 690
West Virginia Geological Survey. Ii 5
Thicknees. Total.
Feet Feet. Sandstone, massive, medium-grained, once
quarried here. Peerless 81 721
Concealed 7.8 728.8
Shale, gray 1.6 732.6
Concealed 31.4 764
Coal, No. 2 Gas^ opening closed (625' L.) . . 4 768 87'
Concealed to C. & O. R. R. grade at Winifrede
Junction 7 775 7'
The Winifrede Coal in the above section is correctly identified, as it was carefully traced from its type locality at Winifrede, 2j/$ miles southwestward, to the opening in question. The Dingess Limestone horizon, represented by dark shale with characteristic marine fossil fauna, is found to belong 55 to 65 feet above the Cedar Grove Coal and 212 feet above the base of the No. 2 Gas bed.
Nine miles west of the western border of Falls District the following section was measured with hand-level by C. E. Krebs, D. B. Reger, and D. D. Teets, Jr., during 1913 on the north hillside of Kanawha River at Shrewsbury, J4 mile west of Watson Branch and opposite the town of Coalburg. This same section was visited by the author during 1916, and the measurements and correlations verified. It is a very important section, especially as regards details of the Allegheny Series, in that this is the type locality of the "North Coalburg Coal'* which is shown to correlate with the Middle Kittanning bed, typical of the latter in southern Clay County. The North Coalburg Coal undoubtedly belongs 70 to 90 feet above the true No. 5 Block bed of the Montgomery region, Fayette County, and at the base of the usually pebbly member of the East Lynn Sandstone series. The 3' 10" of coal, 65 feet above the Kanawha Black Flint and 90 feet below the "North Coal-burg" Coal, as shown in the section measured for the same locality by I. C. White and published on page 300 of Volume II of the State Survey Reports, undoubtedly represents the No. 5 Block Coal, as corroborated both by its bed section and interval above the Kanawha Black Flint:
ii6
Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Made with hand-level by Krets, Reger, and Teets, at North Coal-burg Coal incline, hi mile west of Watson Branch (Fall of 1913).
Thickness. Total.
Allegheny Series (190^) Feet Sandstone, Upper East Lynn, massive, pebbly, from top of hill 70
Coal, block 0' 6'
Slate, gray 2 9
Coai 0 3
Slate» black.... 0 4
Coal, hard 1 6
Slate, dark 0 7
Coal, hard, block 3 9
Coal, gas 0 6
Slate, dark 1 8
Sandstone 0 8
Slate, dark 0 2
Sandstone 0 6
Slate, gray 1 4
Slate, dark 1 2
Coal, visible, 0'
6", reported 4 0
(19' 7") Middle Kittanning, North Coalburg (1333' L.) Sunday Creek
Coal Co
'Mine No. 92 on K a n a wha Map. See p. 448, Kanawha County Report.
20
Sandstone, massive. East Lynn 65
Concealed (this holds No 5 Blocl< Coal).. 35 Kanawha Series (613')
Sandstone, massive, making cliff. Home.
wood 56
Kanawha Black Flint, supplied from outcrop % mile west 2
Concealed 36
Coal, (1' 0"), Stockton, (1138' L.), lower
bench 1
Shale, gray 1
Sandstone, massive. Upper Coalburg 21
Shale, gray 0' 4"
6
Coal, impure 0
Shale, gray,
sandy, 0' 6" to. 4
Coal, impure 0
Shale, gray, iron
ore nodules.. ..0
Coal, impure 0 11
Slate, dark 0 1
Coal, impure 0
Slate, with coal
streaks 0
Coal, gas 2
11
10
3
0
Sandstone, massive, Upper Winifrede 41
Coal, hard, splint. 1' 2"
M
Slate, dark, 0' 0%'
to 0
Coal, harder, splint.l Concealed by water 0
6
Feet.
70
90
iff
West Virginia Geological Survey. 11/
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, massive, Lower Winlfrede 76 437
Concealed (should hold Chilton Coal) 10% 447%
Sandstone 50 497%
Fire clay 0% 498
Concealed 22 520
Shale, gray .' 2 522
Coal 0' 6
Shale, gray 1 2
Coal, Impure 0 3
Shale, gray 1 0
Coal, impure 0 5
Shale, gray 0 2
Coal 0 7
Concealed 3 529
Sandstone, massive 37 566
Concealed, contains marine fossils % mile
west, DIngess Limestone horizon 20% 586%
Coal or 6"!
(1' 5") Williamson Coal (835' L.) 1%
Shale, gray 0 1
Concealed 0 10
Sandstone, massive, Upper Cedar Grove. . . 35
Concealed 55%
Shale, greenish-gray, marine fossils, Seth
Limestone horizon 4
Coal 0' 1"
Shale, gray...l 6 Coal, about.. .3 0
Concealed to bottom 116
Two miles northeastward in Kanawha County the following section was measured by Teets and the author down the same hillside of the Kanawha River, just below the town of Cedar Grove and above the mouth of Mile Branch. That below the marine fossiliferous Dingess Limestone was determined with hand-level, while that above the same datum was measured with aneroid via the conftnercial mine of the Hacketts Coal Company in the "North Coalburg" or Middle Kittanning Coal bed. As in the section last given the great East ]-ynn Sandstone is shown between the latter coal and the No. 5 Block bed, at its proper interval above the Kanawha Black Flint. It also shows that the Alma Coal of Logan and Mingo Counties belongs in the Kanawha Valley 10 to 15 feet above the Campbell Creek Limestone in the interval separating the latter from the overlying Peerless Sandstone :
1x8
Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Cedar Grove Section, Kanawha County.
Sandstone, grayish-white, conglomeratic.
Upper East Lynn 70
Coal, semi-splint
bed 2'
Shale, sandy,
hard, dark,
2V6"to 0 4
Coal, splint bed»
Shale, sandy, 6'
to 6 0
Coal, 2" to 0 6
Fire clay shale. 1 0 Coal, semiHsplint
bed, bright 3 6
Sandstone, great cliff,
Middle Kittannlng, ''North Coal-burg" at mine of Hacketts Coal Company 16 7
medium-grained.
15
grayish-white. East Lynn
Concealed, holding No. 5 Block Coal horizon near top
Kanawha Group, Pottaville Series (667.2')
Concealed, steep slope 60
Concealed in bench, Kanawha Black Flint
horizon 10
Concealed 119
Coal, Little Coal burg, prospect closed,
some coal found 1
Concealed and coal prospect, Wlntfredsv
some coal on dump, closed 10
Slate and concealed 10
Sandstone, Lower Win If rede, making cliff, medium-grained, micaceous, greenish-gray 65
Concealed 10
Bench, concealed, Chilton Coal horizon... 10
Concealed, steep slope 60
Sandstone, Williamson. .« 32
Concealed, mostly shale 7
Shale, Dingess Limestone, bluish-gray, with marine fossil shells, Producti
abundant
C!concealed, Williamson Coal horizon
Sandstone, Upper Cedar Grove 28.2
Shale, dark, argillaceous, marine fossils abundant, Seth Limestone horizon... 12
Coal, Cedar Grove 2.8
Shale 10
Concealed 21
Sandstone, massive. Peerless 20
Shale, sandy 4
Shale, dark, fossil plants 1
Shale, sandy 13
Total. Feet.
70
West Virginia Geological Survey. Ii9
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Limestone, Campbell Creek, lenticular,
"turtlebacks" 2 686.9
Shale, sandy and flaggy 15 701.9
Shale 5 706.9
Coal, Peeiie8S...O' 10"]
Coal, No. 2 Gat.. 2 6 J
Shale and concealed to Kanawha River,
pool level 25 738.2 26'
The following section 'was measured by the author from the summit of the high knob J4 mile northward from Cannelton southwestward mostly on the long point to the outcrop of the No. 2 Gas Coal bed just northeast of the mouth of Staten Run and thence with the exposures along the public highway to Cannelton, opposite Montgomery. The Eagle Coal lies below the Kanawha & Michigan Railway grade at the former place, but its interval below the Stockton (Cannelton) Limestone has been supplied from the log of Coal Test Boring No. 12 on Map II, located slightly over a mile southwestward on a branch of Morris Creek, the complete details of which are published on a subsequent page in Chapter XI. That portion above the No. 2 Gas Coal was determined with aneroid, while that between the latter bed and the railway at Cannelton was measured with hand-level. The section is of special interest in that the marine fossiliferous Winifrcdc Limestone is shown as belonging 300 feet below the Kanawha Black Flint and 260 feet above the base of the No. 2 Gas Coal ;
Cannelton Section, Kanawha County.
Thickness. Total. Allegheny Series (215') Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, Upper East Lynn, coarse-grained, pehbly, friable, capping knob 55 55
Ck>ncealed, in flat bench, Middle Kittanning
Coal iiorlzon 20 75 75'
Sandstone, East Lynn, brown and white, current-bedded, medium-grained, making cliff 60 135
Concealed, steep slope, mostly sandstone. 65 200
Coal blossom, No. 5 Blocl<, concealed, and
shale 15 215 140'
Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Kanawha Group, Pottavllle Series (76S.2')
Sandstone, Homewood, current-bedded, medium-grained, making cliff 66 270
Ck>ncealed, gentle slope 10 280
Shale 6 296
Coal, Stockton, at Opening No. 273 on Map
II, reported 6' 6 300
Sandstone, Upper Coalburg, current-bedded, coarse, gray to brown, making cliff 40 340
Concealed in flat bench, Coalburg Coal
horizon 16 366
Sandstone, Lower Coalburg and Upper Win If rede, current-bedded, medium-grained to coarse, gray to grayish-brown, making great cliff 100 466
Concealed in bench, Winlfrede Coal horlzon
10 466
Sandstone, current-bedded, medium-grained, micaceous, greenish 26 490
Concealed in bench with fire clay shale and
coal blossom. Lower Winlfrede Coal.. 10 600
Sandstone, Lower Winlfrede, current-bedded, making great cliff, greenish-gray, micaceous 56 656
Concealed 10 666
Sandstone 6 670
Shale, buff, sandy, partly concealed 16 686
Shale, black and gray, with ProductI and other* marine fossils, Winlfrede Limestone horizon 7 692
Concealed and shale, buff 6 697
Slate, black, cannelly, (12'^ to 24'') Chilton
Coal horizon 2 699
Shale, brown 1 600
Sandstone, current-bedded, medium-grained, micaceous, greenish, making cliff, Williamson 65 665
Concealed 10 676
Coal blossom, Williamson 676
Shale, sandy 15 690
Concealed, steep slope 10 700
Concealed, in bench, Cedar Grove Coal
horizon 10 710
Sandstone, Peerless, current-bedded, medium-grained, greenish to brown, micaceous, making cliff 65 765
Shale, buff, sandy 16 780
Concealed, mostly shaly sandstone 36 815
Shale, buff, sandy 6 820
Concealed, holding Peerless Coal 26 846
Shale, dark, argillaceous, plant fossils
abundant 1 847
No. 2 Gas.. 4 861 141'
Powellton Coal 3.3 896.3 24.3'
West Virginia Geological Survey. 121
I Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Coal, soft 2' 8"
Shale, gray, with thin
coal layers 0 4
Coal, medium-soft 0 10
Shale 6 857
Sandstone, Lower Campbell Creek 5 862
Shale, sandy 4 866
Shale, green, slaty. 5 7 [-Lower Camp- Coal, slaty 0 4 J bell Creek 6 872 21'
Sandstone, Brownstown, medium-grained,
micaceous, greenish-gray 16 891
Shale, buff, sandy 2 893
Coal, gas 0' i "
Slate, 0" to 0 0%
Coal 0 11%
Slate, gray, 0" to.O 1
Coal, gas 0 4
Shale, gray, siliceous, 24" to ... 1 0 CoaJ, splinty, 6"
to 0 7
Sandstone, shaly 4 900,3
Shale, bluish, sandy 3 903.3
Sandstone 6 908.3
Shale, buff, sandy, laminated 23 931.3
Limestone, (Cannelton) Stockton, dark-gray, siliceous, lenticular, 12" to 3 934.3 38'
Shale, buff, sandy, laminated, iron ore nodules, to K. & M. R. R. grade at
Interval 38.1 977.4
Coal, Eagle (Boring No. 12 on Map II) . . . 2.8 980.2 45.9'
The following section was measured with hand-level by Teets on the point immediately northwest of the K. & M. Ry. bridge over Smithers Creek via Coal Opening No. 91 on Map II in the Little Eagle bed. ^ In it the intervals between important members agree closely with results obtained in the section last given. Here, the roof shales of the latter coal carry a brackish-water fossil fauna as in Wyoming and McDowell Counties :
Smithers Section, Falls District.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, flaggy, visible, Peerless 16 15
Concealed 40 55
Coal, No. 2 Gas, at closed opening (786' L.) 5 60 60'
122 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Concealed 84 144
Limestone, Stockton, "Cannclton" 3 147 87*
Concealed 21 168
Shale, gray, ferriferous 16 183
Slate and concealed 3 190
Sandstone, flaggy, visible, Decota 10 200
Shale, slaty, brackish-water fossil shells.. 5 205 Coal, Little Eagle d' 11'') (Opening 91 on
Shale, sandy, gray, plant fossils 4 211
Sandstone, flaggy, to railroad grade at
Concealed to Kanawha River 35 250 43^
The following succession of the rock strata is obtained by combining a section measured with aneroid by Teets from the summit of the high knob, 0.4 mile southeast of Marting, southwestward to near Fourmile Fork, with the log of the Kanawha- Gauley Coal & Coke Company No. 1 well (No. 10 on Map II), completed by the Ohio Fuel Oil Company on December 16th, 1916, the latter being authority for the well record. The section is interesting in that the total thickness of the Pottsville Series is exhibited, as also the Mauch Chunk, in the region of their minimum development in the territory of this Report :
Marting— 5^ Mile Southeast Section, Falls District.
Thickness. Total. Kanawha Group (1070')* Feet. Feet. Sandstone, massive, medium-grained 20'
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained 25
Shale and concealed 36 100
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained, micaceous. Upper Coal burg 40 140
Concealed 15 155
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained 25 180
Concealed 35 215
Concealed in bench 10 226
Sandstone 10 235
Concealed 15 250
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained 15 265
Concealed 35 300
Sandstone, flaggy, fine-grained 40 340
West Virginia Geological Survey. I23
Thickness. Feet.
Concealed 65
Concealed In bench 10
Concealed and shale 35
Concealed in bench 15
Sandstone, flaggy 15
Concealed 55
Concealed in bench 15
Concealed and shale 123
Coal, Peeriesa 2
Shale, dark 15
(Continued with log of Kanawha^Gauley Coal &, Coke Company Well) (No. 10 on Map 11.)
Sand, Brownstown 40
Slate 15
Sand 17
Slate 28
Sand, Eagle 55
Slate 5
Coal, Eagle 4
Slate 8
Sand 18
SUte 85
Lime 20
Slate and shells 80
New River and Pocahontas Groups (860')
Sand, Upper NutUII 50
Slate 65
Lime 35
Sand 35
Lime 25
Sand 75
Slate and shells 30
Sand 50
Slate and shells 78
Sand 57
Slate 15
Sand 75
Slate and shells 100
Lime 30
Sand 70
Slate and shells 70
Red rock 180
Slate 30
Red rock 33
Slate and shells 162
Sand, Maxton 62
Little Lime 33
Slate cave .* 10
Slate and shells 64
Big Hme 225
Total.
Feet.
.
Thickness. Total.
Big Injun 5 j Big Injun 59 2788
Slate and shells 391 3179 460'
Slate and shells, to bottom of hole 667 3746 667"
"Dry in all sands and abandoned.
"Casing record: 10", 210'; 8%", 1256'; 6%", 1678'; B^\ 1819'."
The following section was measured with aneroid by
Teets down the northeast hillside of Kanawha River nearly on the strike of the strata. It gives 650 feet as the interval between the bases of the Kanawha Black Flint and the No. 2 Gas Coal:
Harewood Section — J^ Mile Northwest, Falls District.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, pebbly. Upper East Lynn 30 30
Concealed in bench, "North Coal burg",
Middle Kittanning Coal horizon 6 35 36'
Sandstone, massive. East Lynn 66 100
Coal, No. 5 Block — Lower Kittanning, at closed digging, (1675' B.) (No. 2 on
Concealed 5 110 76'
Sandstone, Homewood 62 172
Kanawha Black Flint 8 180 70'
Sandstone, massive, Upper Coalburg 60 265
Shale and concealed 10 276
Sandstone, massive, making cliffs 25 300
Concealed in bench 10 310
Sandstone, massive 30 340
Concealed in bench 15 356
Sandstone, massive to current>bedded. Upper Winifrede 70 425 246'
Concealed in bench (Winifrede Coal horizon) 16 440
Sandstone and concealed 125 666
Concealed in bench 26 690
Concealed 166 756
Sandstone, massive. Peerless 36 790
Concealed 36 826
Concealed 120 950
Slate, gray 15 965
Interval to bed of Kanawha River, about. . 226 1195 225'
West Virginia Geological Survey. 12$
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets down the northeast hillside of Kanawha River at Boomer practically on the strike of the strata :
Section at Boomer, Palls District.
Sandstone, massive, cUff, Home wood 67
Concealed 16
Sandstone, massive, cliff, coarse, brownish-gray, Upper Coalburg 86
Sandstone, massive, cliff, buff, medium-grained 40
Shale and concealed 40
Sandstone, massive, cliff, coarse, gray and
brown, micaceous 46
Concealed 24
Coal bloeeom 1
Sandstone and concealed, in bench 36
Sandstone, massive to current-bedded, medium-grained, brown 40
Concealed 8
Slate, gray 2
Concealed 9
Slate, black , 1
Concealed 33
Limestone, impure 2
Slate and sandstone 34
Coal, Wlillameon 1
Bench 10
Sandstone, fine-grained 16
Shale and concealed in bench 36
Sandstone, coarse-grained, making cliff... 66
Concealed 10
Sandstone, medium-to fine-grained M9
Coal bloeaom, 8" to 1
Concealed 36
Coal, at closed digging, No. 2 Qae (1060' B.)
Sandstone, fine-grained, fiaggy and concealed 37
Limestone, gray and hard, Stockton (Can-
Unrecorded to K. & M. R. R. grade (646' L.) 316
Concealed to Kanawha River 36
The following is a section, copied by Teets from results obtained with hand-level by J. E. Settle and checked by R. R.
Total.
Feet.
67
66
80
126 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Barton, Engineer for the Boomer Coal & Coke Company, northward down what is known as Schoolhouse Hollow, tributary to Boomer Branch and ^4 n^i^e eastward from the mouth of the latter stream. It is very probable that an error has been made in carrying forward the totals in this section, as it gives only 491.3 feet for the Kanawha Black Flint — No. 2 Gas Coal interval as against 675 feet for the same on the opposite hillside of Kanawha River from Boomer, and over 600 feet at several of the preceding sections for Falls District. The error apparently occurs in the interval separating the Winifrede and Williamson Coal beds as correlated in the section. The intervals should really be greater instead of less than the average vertical measurements obtaining in the region, since the section is measured northwestward on the dip of the strata :
Boomer — ^ Mile East Section, Falls District.
Thickness. Total. Kanawha Group (716' 11") Ft In. Ft. In.
Sandstone, Homewood 70 0 70 0
Coal, Stockton "A" 2 0 72 0
Kanawha Black Flint 6 0 78 0 78' (T
Coal r 1%"1
Coal 1 5Vi
Sandstone, Upper Coalburg 88 0 169 4
Concealed, with sandstone 32 9 202 1
Coal, bony, Coalburg 1 3 203 4 125' i"
Sandstone, Upper Winifrede 81 0 284 4
Concealed 25 6 309 10
Coal, splint.. r 4%"
Slate 0 3 j- Winifrede 3 4 313 2 109' 10"
Coaly splint. .1 8%
Concealed 17 7 330 9
Coal, splint... 0' 11%
Slate 0 2%
Coal, splint... 1 Z%
Concealed 49 0 382 2
Slate 0 11 383 1
Coal 2' 0 "
Slate 0 8
Coal 0 7
Clay 0 1%
Coal 0 9%
Soapstone . .0 8%
Coal 0 8
Shale and sandstone 22 0 410 7%
Shale 35 6 446 1%
Concealed and sandstone 18 0 464 1^
!> Chilton.. 2 5 333 2 20' 0'
Williamson 5 6% 388 7% 55' 5%
ff
0
1%
0
1%
0
Ih
0
1%
2
3H
0
3%
West Virginia Geological Survey. I27
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In. Concealed and hard, gray sandstone. Peerless 45
Shales 18
Coal, Peerless 2
Shale and sandstone 35
Coal, No. 2 Gas 5 2 569 3H ISO'S''
Concealed 40
Coal, soft..l' 1 ' Slate, gray
and hard.O 0% Coal, soft..O 3 Slate, gray.O S CoaU soft..O 10
Slate 0 3
Coal, splint. 0 3
Slate 0 2
Coal 1 2%
Concealed '. 75 0 6S9 0%
Coal 3' 5"
Concealed . 8 0
Coal 2 8
Concealed 11 0 714 3%
Coal 0' 5 "
Clay 0 2% ^ Little Eagle 2 7% 716 11 13' 7%"
Coal 2 0
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets southward on the north hillside of Kanawha River to the K. & M. Ry. grade, yi mile above the mouth of Jarrett Branch :
Decpwater — }4 Mile North Section, Falls District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed 60 60
Coal, No. 2 Gas, at closed opening (No. 28B
Shale and concealed 82 147
Limestone, Stockton, "Cannelton" 3 150 85'
Concealed 25 175
Concealed 5 185
Sandstone 40 225
Concealed 20 245
Sandstone 10 255
Concealed 30 285
Sandstone, coarse-grained 20 305
Shale and concealed 25 330
Sandstone, medium-grained 100 430
128 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
ThicknesB. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Concealed 40 470
Sandstone, fine-grained 25 495
Concealed 30 525 346'
Sandstone, medium-grained, making cliff,
Upper Nuttall to K. & M. R. R. grade. 90 615 90'
The following section in the same District was measured with aneroid southward from an opening in the No. 2 Gas Coal on the north hillside of New River to the bed of the latter stream at the mouth of Cane Branch. That portion included in the Kanawha Group was determined by Teets, while that in the New River was measured by the author. Southeastward from this point the conglomeratic Guyandot Sandstone at the base of the section practically coalesces with the underlying Upper Raleigh Sandstone to a point about one mile below Cotton Hill where they rapidly separate, the intervening shales carrying the Sewell Coal horizon but no coal :
Gauley Bridge— 1 Mile Southeast Section, Falls District.
Thickness. Total.
Bone 0 2
Coal 0 11
Slate 0 IH
Coal 1 5%
Sandstone 40 65
Concealed 20 85
Sandstone 15 lOO
Concealed 24 124
Concealed 35 160
Sandstone 25 185
Concealed 5 190
Concealed in bench 5 195
Sandstone 80 225
Concealed 105 330
Concealed in bench 15 345
Concealed 20 365
Sandstone 10 375
Concealed 40 415
Sandstone, flaggy 35 450
Concealed 25 475
Sandstone 10 485
Concealed 5 490 366'
II ll
li
si!
s_
i! II
Ii ••••
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. I2g
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, Upper and Lower Nuttall, making great cliff 169 649
Coal, Hughes Ferry, larger 1 . 650 160'
Shale and sandstone, interlaminated 4 654
Sandstone, grayish-white, current-bedded . . 15 669
Shale, sandy 5 674
Sandstone, grayish-white, platy 20 694
Shale, bluish-black, sandy 40 734
Sandstone, broken, laminated with iron ore
nodules and lenses 40 774
Shale, sandy, dark, laminated 36 809
Coal bony, Castle, exposed on opposite
side of river 0.5 809.5 159.5'
Shale, sandy 1.5 811
Sandstone, Guyandot, conglomeratic, forming bed of New River at mouth of Cane
Branch, visible 15' to 20 831 21.5'
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets northwestward on the east hillside of Gauley River via Mine No. 30 on Map II in the No. 2 Gas Coal to the bed of
the latter stream at Vanetta. The intervals are greater than they should be since there is a dip of about 70 feet in the
strata northwest from the coal opening to the base of the section :
Vanetta Section, Falls District.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, JQne-grained, visible 7 7
Shale, gray, plant fossils 2 9
Coal, blocky.r 2" 1
splint... 0 4 J
Concealed 9.7 22
Sandstone, fine-grained, Brownstown 46 67
Concealed, In bench, Poweilton Coal horizon 7 74 61.7' Sandstone, fine-grained, gray "]
to brown 3' I
Sandstone, massive, medium- [Eagle... 58 132 grained, micaceous, buff 55 j
Concealed and sandstone 137 269
Black slate, Eagle 3 272 198'
Concealed and shale 16 287
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained, micaceous, gray 36 322
Concealed in steep slope 120 442
130 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Thickness. Total.
if 60l* f 6et>
Concealed in bench 15 457
Concealed, sandstone, and shale 15 472
Concealed in large welMeflned bench, top
of Nuttall Sandstone 15 487 215'
Sandstone, Upper Nuttall, concealed and
shale 105 592
Sandy, shale, and sandstone, Lower Nuttall, to railroad grade at Vanetta 65 657
Concealed to Gauley River 35 692 205'
One mile and a half northward on the same hillside of Gauley River, Teets measured with aneroid the following section northwestward via Mine No. 14 on Map II in the Coalburg Coal down to the bed of the last-mentioned stream at Gamoca. Owing to a dip of ab6ut 50 feet to the northwest between the top and base of the section, the intervals are greater than they should be. Mr. Teets fails to record the Upper Nuttall Sandstone, but its top should belong IS to 25 feet above the base of the section here, based on its interval below the Eagle Shale in the preceding section :
Gamoca Section, Falls District.
Thickness. Total. Kanawha Group (1170') Feet Feet.
Concealed 50 50
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained,
Homewood 35 85
Concealed 10 95
Concealed and shale, sandy 48 148
Coal 2' C
Slate, gray 4 0
Coal, splint 1 9
Slate 0 1
Coal, soft top...l 6
Bone 0 5
Coal, splint 2 1
Slate and concealed '. 40 200
Sandstone, medium-grained, Upper Winlfredc
50 250
Concealed 180 430
Sandstone 70 500
Concealed 50 550
Sandstone 50 600
Concealed 60 660
Slate 9 669
(ir 10") Coalburg - (Mine No. 14 on Map 11) 12 160 60'
West Virginia Geological Survey. I3I
Coal blossom 1 670
Slate and concealed 30 700
Coal, No. 2 Gaa, thickness not recorded 700 640'
Slate 10 710
Sandstone, massive 30 740
Concealed 4 744
Sliale 6 749
Concealed 48 798
LImeatone, Stockton, impure 2 800 50'
Concealed 34 834
Coal, Eagle 1 835 86'
Concealed, with shale and sandstone 87 922
Black slate. Eagle, marine foatila abundant 3 926 90'
Sandstone and concealed 173 1098
Coal, Gilbert 2 1100 176'
Concealed to C. & O. R. R. grade at Gamoca 35 1135
Concealed to Gauley River 35 1170 70'
The following ^ section was measured with aneroid by Teets northwestward down the east hillside of Gauley via Coal Mines Nos. 12 and 33 in the Coalburg and No. 2 Gas beds, respectively, to the bed of the River just below Wyndal. As in the section last given the intervals between important members are greater than they should be, owing to a dip in the strata of about 60 feet to the northwest between the exposures of the top and basal members of the section. This, as also the preceding sections for Vanetta and Gamoca, estab-wishes the fact that the bed long mined commercially on Gauley River and its tributaries from Gauley Bridge to Carterboro and Greendale in Nicholas County, at 60 to 90 feet below the Kanawha Black Flint, correlates with the Coalburg Coal and not the Stockton, since the latter is found in good thickness directly at the base of the Flint ledge :
#
Wyndal-^.5 Mile Southeast Section, Falls District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed, from top point above drum head 35 35
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained. Home-wood
36 70
Concealed 15 85
Kanawha Black Flint (1710' B.) 20 105 105'
Concealed 20 125
132 Stratigraphy Special Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet. Sandstone, massive, making cliff, Upper
Coalburg 36 160
Concealed 10 170
Concealed 125 300
Concealed in bench 10 310
Concealed 29 339
Coal blossom, Winifrede? 1 340 165'
Concealed 59 399
Coal blossom, Chilton 1 400 60'
Shale, slaty :.' . . 10 410
Sandstone, massive 30 440
Concealed 20 460
Sandstone 40 500
Concealed 35 535
Concealed in marked bench 15 550
Concealed 15 565
Sandstone 20 585
Concealed 15 60O
Sandstone, massive, soft, micaceous 15 615
Concealed 9 624
Shale and sandstone, massive 36 661
Coal, hard. 2' 3"
Slate 0 3
Coal 0 5
Slate 0 1
Coal 0 4
Slate .....0 1
Coal 0 6
Concealed ' 10 675
Sandstone, massive, Brownstown 22 697
Coal, gas. 1' 1" Slate .. .0 1
Coal ....1 0 }. (3' 4") Powellton (1075" B.) 3 700 35' Slate .. .0 3 Coal ....0 11
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained 50 750
Sandy shale and sandstone 35 785
Sandstone 25 810
Shale, sandy. 40 850
Concealed 14 864 *
Shale, sandy 6 870
Sandstone 20 890
Shale, sandy 10 900
Sandstone 10 910
Concealed 90 1000
Shale, ferriferous 10 1010
Concealed 10 1020
Sandstone and concealed to railroad grade
at Wyndal 55 1075
West Virginia Geological Survey. I33
About one mile northwestward the following succession is obtained by combining a section measured with aneroid by Teets northeastward from the summit of the high knob, J4 mile due west of Wyndal, down the long point, with the log of the Newman No. 1 Well — No. 9 on Map II, completed October 25, 1913, by the C. O. G. Company, the well record being on the authority of Mr. C. E. Krebs of Charleston, W. Va. The section starts at top with the highest member , of the Kanawha Group and includes the entire Pottsville Series. In that portion measured above the well mouth, the intervals are slightly greater than they should be, as there is a dip in the strata of 20 to 25 feet between the summit of the knob and the well in question:
Belva— 0.7 Mile South Section, Falls District
Thickness. Total
Sandstone, massive, coarse, gray, with
brown specks. Home wood 75 75 75'
Concealed, probably holds Kanawtia Black
Flint 25 100
Sandstone, Upper Coal burg, massive, making cliff, medium-grained, micaceous,
gray and brown 60 160 85'
Concealed 50 210
Sandstone, massive, clilT, medium-grained,
Upper Winlfrede. 25 235
Concealed in bench, WInifrede Coal horizon 15 250 90'
Sandstone, Lower Winlfrede 25 275
Concealed 40 315
Sandstone 10 325
Concealed 10 335
Sandstone 25 360
Concealed 50 410
Sandstone 10 420
Concealed 5 425
Sandstone, Williamson 35 460
Concealed in bench 30 490
Sandstone, Upper Cedar Grove 55 545
Concealed 25 570
Concealed in bench. . . .' 25 660
Concealed 10 670
Sandstone 10 680
Concealed, probably holds No. 2 Gas Coal . 20 700 450'
Shale and sandstone 20 720
Concealed in bench 20 740
Shale and concealed 45 785
134 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Sandstone,, massive 80 816
Concealed in bench, Eagle Coal horizon... 20 836 186'
Concealed 48 883
Coal and slate, Little Eagle 2 886 50'
Concealed 30 916
Sandstone to top of Newman No. 1 Well
(No. 9 on Map II) (745.6' L.) 20 935 50'
(Continued with Log of Newman No. 1 Well— No. 9 on Map II):
Gravel 84 969
Slate, blue 25 994
Slate, dark 30 1024
Sand, light 6 1029
Slate, dark 16 1044
Slate and shale 25 1069
Sand, light, hard 16 1084
Slate, dark, hard 10 1094
Sand, dark, hard 10 1104
Slate, dark, soft 12 1116
Lime shale, light, hard 5 1121
Slate, white, soft 25 1146
Slate, dark, soft 10 1176
Lime, white, hard 15 1191
Slate, white, hard 10 1201
Lime, white, hard 15 12i6 281'
New River and Pocahontas Groups (850')
Sand, white, hard. Upper NutUli 18 1284
Slate, white, soft 10 1244
lime, white, hard 15 1269
Slate, white, soft 5 1264
Lime, white, hard 16 1280
Conglomerate, hard. Lower Nuttall 77 ' 1357 141'
Slate, dark 20 1377
Sand, dark, hard 15 1392
Slate, light, soft 5 1397
Sand, light, hard 7 1404
Slate and shales 63 1467 110'
Lime, dark 12 1548
Sand, dark 87 1585
Lime, pink 15 1600 133'
Sand, white, Upper and Lower Raleigh and Quinnlmont, (water at 892' and
Slate, dark 108 1964
Lime, dark 20 1984
Sand, brown 72 2056
Slate, dark 10 2066 466'
Red rock 16 2082
Lime, dark 10 2092
Slate, dark 20 2112
Lime, dark 20 2132
West Virginia Geological Survey. I35
Thickness. Total.
Slate, dark 28 2l56
Red rock 66 2221
Slate, dark 20 2241 *
Dirty red rock 30 2271 205'
Sand, gray, Maxton, (Princeton Conglomerate) 37 2808
Slate, dark 35 2343
Slate and sand shale 10 2353
Slate, dark 18 2371
Lime, gray 14 2385
Slate, dark 40 2425 154'
Big Lime 161 2586 161'
Sand, light gas in bottom. . .44 C Big InJun. 96 2685
Slate 1 2686
Red sand 15 2701
Lime, gritty 14 2715
Slate 52 2767
Lime, shale 4 2771
Slate to bottom of hole 4 2775 189'
Casing record: 10", 35'; 8%", 885'; 6%" 1076'; and 5A". 1552^.
One mile. and a half northeastward the following section was measured with aneroid by Teets southeastward down the north hillside of Twentymile Creek to the top of the O. F. Havener No. 1 Well — No. 6 on Map II, one mile northeast of Belva. The intervals are slightly less than they should be, owing to a rise of 25 to 30 feet in the strata in the direction the determinations were made :
Belva — 1 Mile Northeast Section, Nicholas County.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, massive, coarse, gray. East
Lynn 30 SO
Concealed and shale 10 40
Sandstone, medium-grained 30 70
Concealed (horizon of No. 5 Block Coal).. 10 80 80'
Concealed 10 90
Sandstone 25 115
Concealed 10 125
Sandstone and shale 20 145
Concealed 15 165
Sandstone 15 180
136 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed 120 800
Sandstone 30 330
Concealed 20 350
Sandstone 25 375
Concealed 10 385
Sandstone 20 405
Concealed 55 460
Sandstone 10 470
Concealed 39 509
Coal, Hemshaw 7 1 510
Concealed 357 867
Concealed to top O. F. Havener Well (No.
The following section was measured by Teets southeastward from the summit of the high point J4 rnile northwest of the mouth of House Branch of Bells Creek to the bed of the former stream. The intervals are less than they should be, owing to the rapid northwest dip of the strata prevailing here. The section is important, in that the true position on Gauley Kiver waters is shown for the Kanawha Black Flint to the Upper Kittanning, Middle Kittanning (North Coalburg) Stockton, and Coalburg Coal beds :
House Branch of Bells Creek Section, Falls District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed from summit of point 20 20
Coal blossom, Upper Kittanning ("Queen
Concealed and shale 50 71
Sandstone, Upper East Lynn, massive,
coarse-grained 24.1 95.1
Coal, gray splint. ... 2' 3" ]
Bone 0 6 I Middle Kittanning
Coal, splint 1 2 J (1395' B.) . . . . 4.9 100 79'
Concealed 70 170
Kanawha Group, Pottsville Series (506')
Concealed 60 230
Kanawha Black Flint 5 285
Shale 5 240
Concealed 71.9 316.9
Coal . . .
0"
Slate . . .
1
Coal . . .
2
Slate . . .
1
Coal ...
0
9
West Virginia Geological Survey. I37
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Concealed 95 415
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained.
Lower Winifrede 50
Concealed 10
Sandstone 25
Concealed 25
Concealed in bench 15
Concealed 24
Concealed to bed of House Branch 110
The following section was measured with aneroid by the author northwest down the south hillside of Gauley River via Coal Opening No. 100 on Map II in the Sewell bed :
Mouth of Horseshoe Creek, Gauley River Section,
Falls District.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, Upper Nuttali, making great
cliff 100 100
Concealed 10 110
Sandstone, Lower Nuttail, great cliff, very
pebbly 85 195 195'
Concealed 217 412
Sandstone, Guyandot 15 427
Coal, slaty... 0' 4'')Seweli, (No. 1CX) on
Coal, soft 2 9 5 Map 11) (905' B.)... 3 430 235'
Slate, concealed, and shale 25 455
Sandstone, Upper Raleigh, making great
cliff, current-bedded, grayish-white ... 65 520 Concealed to Gauley River 0.2 mile above
mouth of Horseshoe Creek 85 605 175'
The results in the above section are slightly greater than they should be, owing to the northwest dip of the strata. •
The following section was measured with aneroid by the author from the summit of the high knob, 1.2 miles south of llie mouth of Peters Creek, northward and then northwestward down Flat Rock Hollow to the bed of Gauley River, 1.1 miles due west of the mouth of Laurel Creek. The opening
13^ Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
in the Sewell Coal, reported by Squire Halstead and referred to at the top of page 224 of Volume 11 (A) of the State Survey Reports by I. C. White, was closed, but its section was supplied from the reference in question. The results are greater than they should be, owing to a dip of SO to 60 feet in the strata between the summit of the knob in question and the mouth of Flat Rock Hollow :
Mouth of Peters Creek — 0.7 Mile South Section,
Falls District.
Shale and concealed from summit of knoh 21
Coal blossom, heavy, Eagle 4
Concealed and shale 56
Coal 0' 1"
Coal, soft 2 6 J
Shale and concealed 65
Shale, Eagle, hlack, marine fossils 15
hrown, friahle 50
Concealed in bench 10
Concealed in gentle slope 65
Sandstone, Lower Gilbert 30
Concealed in bench, Gilbert Coal iiorlzon.. 10
Sandstone, Dotson, coarse, brown, friable. 65
Concealed 60
Sandstone, Upper Nuttall, medium-coarse,
grayish-white, making great cliff 120
Concealed 25
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall, massive, conglomeratic, grayish-white, great cliff. . 85
Concealed and sandstone 171.5
Coal, soft. .2 2 J p. 225 of Vol. 11(A) 3.5
Concealed, mostly shale 25
Sandstone, Upper Raleigh, massive, grayish-white, conglomeratic, to bed of Gau-ley
River, mouth of Flat Rock Hollow 55 940 80*
Two miles eastward the following section was measured with aneroid by the author from the summit of a high knob, 1.3 miles N. 10** E. of Albion, southeastward to the top of the Upper Nuttall Sandstone in the public highway, 0.8 mile northeast of Albion. That portion included in the New River
Feet.
21
25
81
85
West Virginia Geological Survey. I39
Group was determined along the hill road leading southward from Albion to Woods Ferry at the mouth of Ramsey Branch. In both groups the intervals are less than they should be, owing to the southward and southeastward rise of the strata :
Albion — ^Woods Ferry Section, Nicholas Coimty.
Thickness. Total. Kanawha Group (690^) Feet Feet.
Unrecorded from top of knob 1.3 miles N.
IS*' E. of Albion 200 200
closed prospect, splinty 200 200'
Concealed -. 24 224
Shale, buff, sandy 8 282
Coal, Peerlesa, at closed prospect, reported by O. W. Mason, 36" thick, clean and bright 3 235 35'
Concealed in sleep slope 43.6 278.6
Sandstone 2 280.6
Coal, gas, medium-soft 0' 9"
Shale, gray 1 3
Coal 0 1
Shale, gray 0 5
Coal, gas, medium-soft 0 6
Bone, sulphurous. 0 2
Coal, gas, medium-soft 1 3 J
Shale, gray 3 288
Concealed 22 310
Shale, buff, sandy 8.2 318.2
Coal, Powellton, at closed opening, reported by O. W. Mason 22" thick 1.8 320 35'
Concealed 30 350
Shale, buff, sandy 6 356
Slate 0 2 Eagle, at closed pros- Coal .1 10 . pect (section by O. W.
Coal, 8" to. 0 10 J
Sandstone and concealed 58 418
Shale, buff and dark 5 423
Coal, Little Eagle, 23" to 2 426 65'
Shale, buff, sandy and flaggy 45 470
Slate, black. Eagle, partly concealed, marine fossils 25 495 70'
Sandstone, coarse, friable, brown. Lower
War Eagle 40 535
Concealed and fire clay in bench 5 540
Sandstone, coarse, brown, friable, Upper
and Lower Gilbert 60 600
4' 5" No. 2 Gas '(1760'B.) 4.4 286 60'
140 Stratigraphy Special Sections.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Concealed 20 620
Shale, buff, sandy 8.6 628.5
Coal, soft..l' 11%" 1 Gilbert (Opening No.
Coal, soft.. 0 6 J (1410' B.) 1.5 630 136'
Concealed, along gentle slope, to top Upper Nuttall Sandstone on point 0.1 mile
southwest of U. S. B. M. 1305 60 690 60'
Sandstone, Upper Nuttall, grayish-white,
makes great cliff 80 770
Concealed 15 785
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall, grayish-white
and pebbly, makes great cliff 65 850 160'
Concealed and saudstone, flaggy 35 885
Concealed and shale 10 895
Sandstone, making great cliff, Harvey Conglomerate 55 950
Concealed 19.6 969.5
Coal blossom, Castle (1080' B.) 0.5 970 120'
at Woods Ferry 95 1065 95'
Slightly less than two miles northeastward the following section was measured with aneroid by D. B. Reger of the W. Va. Geological Survey Staff during the field season of 1917 while engaged in gathering data for a detailed report for the State on Nicholas County. That portion included in the Kanawha Group was determined from the summit of Panther Knob southward and eastward to the road summit at the low gap with elevation of 1594' L, on map, and thence southward along the hill road to the top of the Upper Nuttall Sandstone ; while that included in the New River Group was measured from the top of the Upper Nuttall Sandstone, 0.6 mile south-cast of Backus Schoolhouse, southwestward down the steep hillside of Gauley River to the bed of the latter, 0.6 mile below the mouth of Meadow Creek. The intervals above the top of the latter group are slightly less than they should be owing to the rise in the strata in the direction the results were determined, but on the whole the section agrees fairly well Vv'ith that last given :
West Virginia Geological Survey. I4I
Panther Mountain Section, Jefferson District,
Nicholas County.
Thickness. Total. Kanawha Group (980') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, cliff rock, Upper Coal burg, capping Panther Mountain 30 30
Concealed in bench, Coalburg Coal horizon? 10 40 40'
Sandstone, cliff. Upper Winifrede 80 120
Concealed 50 170
Bench, Chilton "A" Coal horizon? 170
Sandstone, massive, partly concealed. Upper and Lower Chilton 85 255
Shale, sandy and concealed 25 280
Coal opening, abandoned, Hernshaw (2090'
B.), thickness unknown 280 240'
Concealed and sandy shale 35 315
Slate, black, streak 315
Sandstone, massive 30 345
Concealed and sandy shale 40 385
Sandstone 10 395
Limestone, hard, gray, Seth? (1905' B.)... 2 465 185'
Shale, sandy. . . .' 15 480
Sandstone, Peerless 45 525
Concealed 10 535
Slate, black 535
Concealed 21 556
Coal ...3' S"! (3' 10") (Peerless) Coal Slate ...0 1 M1810' B.) (Frank Johnson
Coal ...0 6 J Mine, reported section).. 4 560 96'
Concealed 8 568
Sandstone, massive 30 598
Slate 1 599
Shale, gray.O
10
Coal 0
1
Shale, dark . 0
6
Coal, soft..O
9%
Slate, black. 0
0%
Coal, soft. .1
4
Slate 1
0
Coal 0
8
(5' 9") No. 2 Gas Coal (1765' B.) (Frank Johnson Mine) 6 605 45'
c
Concealed in bench 15 620
Concealed in bluff, with sandstone. Eagle. 49 669
Shale, sandy, dark 10 679
Coal, soft.. 1' 8'
Slate, dark. 0 5
Coal, soft..O 11
Slate, dark . 0 1
Coal, soft. .0 9
Shale, gray.O 6
Coal, soft.. 2 1
Concealed and dark sandy shale, Eagle... 95 780 95'
Sandstone, massive. Lower War Eagle 30 810
{.(6' 4") Eagle Coal (1685' B.) (Peter Keenan Mine) 6 685 80'
142 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Concealed 5 815
Coal biosaom, Lower War Eagle (1565' B.) . . 815 36'
Concealed 20 836
Sandstone, massivep Upper Gilbert 26 860
Shale, sandy, partly concealed 45 905
Shale, dark 905
Sandstone, massive, Dotson 25 930
Shale, and concealed to top of Upper Nuttall Sandstone (1390^ B.) 25 980 26'
(Section continued from top of Upper Nuttall Sandstone 1 mile southeast of Vinton, southward to Gauley River) : New River Group (445')
Sandstone, massive, Upper Nuttall 95
Concealed 10
Sandstone, massive, pebbly, great cliff.
Lower Nuttall 150
Concealed 90
Shale, black, and concealed 5
Coal blossom, Sewell "B" (1145' B.)
Sandstone, massive 15
Coal blossom, Sewell "A" (1130' B.)
Shale, dark, sandy and ferruginous. Hart-ridge
52
Coal, soft, Sewell (3' 0") (K. & M. R. R.
Shale and concealed 15
Sandstone, massive, to Gauley River 10
The following section was measured with aneroid by the author southwestward along the hill road to the bed of Gauley River at Carnifex Ferry or mouth of Meadow River. The intervals represent practically vertical measurements, due to the lay of the strata in this region :
Carnifex Ferry Section, Nicholas County.
Thickness. Total. • Kanawha Group (25') Feet. Feet.
Concealed from road summit 25 25 25'
Sandstone, Upper Nuttall, hard, current-
. bedded, grayish-white to brown 110 135
Concealed 20 155
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall, massive to current-bedded, conglomeratic, grayish-white, making bold sheer cliff 92 247
Shale, 0" to 2 249
West Virginia Geological Survey. I43
Thiokness. Total. Feet. Peet
Coal, Hughes Ferry, exposed on south side of river in Staton Branch, (1450' B.) 10" to 1 250 226'
Shale 2 252
Sandstone, current-bedded, medium-grained 18 270
€k>ncealed 188.5 458.5
Coal, Sewell "B**, (Opening No. 248 on Map II), south bank of river, closed, reported 1.6 460 210'
Sandstone, Lower Guyandot, grayish-white, pebbly, forms great cliff and rapids ^ mile belov Ferry to bed of river, mouth Meadow River (1185' B.) 55 515
Coal, Sewell, at Opening No. 101 Map II,
medium-hard, columnar, 1' 10" to 2 535 75'
About 5 miles southwestward in the southern edge of Falls District the author measured with aneroid the following section from the summit of Dogwood Ridge northwestward along the trail to Deitz P. O., thence northeastward along the road to the bed of Laurel Creek. Owing to the rapid rise of the rocks in the reverse direction from which the measurements were taken, the results are considerably greater than they should be, this being specially true for the thickness of the Upper Nuttall Sandstone which probably would not exceed 100 feet :
Deitz Section, Falls District.
Thickness. Total.
(Concealed in steep slope from trail summit 15 15 Concealed in bench, Little Eagle Coal
horizon 10 25 26'
Concealed in steep slope 60 85
Concealed In bench, Eagle Shale horizon. 10 95 70^
Sandstone, Lower War Eagle, coarse,
brown, friable 60 155
Bench 10 165
Concealed, steep slope 115 280
Concealed, in bench, Gilbert Coal horizon. 10 290 195'
Sandstone, Dotson?, coarse, brown, friable 55 345
(Concealed and shale 125 470 180'
Sandstone, Upper Nuttall, pinkish cast and
grayish-white, to bed of Laurel Creek,
0.7 mile southeast of Ramsey P. O... 160 630 160'
144 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Special Sections, Kanawha District.
Kanawha District lies immediately southwest from Falls, and, as in the latter, by far the greater portion of the surface rocks are those of the Kanawha Group of the Pottsville Series, although the New River Group and the basal portion of the Allegheny Series are represented as will readily be observed on Map II. In the northern point of Kanawha District the following succession is obtained by combining the spirit-level section measured by J. M. Jackson, mining engineer for Carver Bros, and published by I. C. White at the bottom of page 542 of Volume 11(A) of the State Survey Reports, with a hand-level section measured by the author on the south hillside of Kanawha River along the incline to Coal Mine No. 1 on Map II at Crescent. It represents almost vertical measurements, c»s the results were determined practically on the strike of the strata. The section is very important in that it exhibits the position of the Alma Coal in the Kanawha Valley region and the true relative positions of the "North Coalburg" (Middle Kittanning) and **No. 5 Block" (Lower Kittanning) Coal beds ;
Crescent Section, Kanawha District.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, massive, Lower Freeport 20 20
Coal, gas, Upper Kittanning 1.3 21.3 21.3'
Concealed, mostly sandstone. Upper East
Lynn 52 73.3
Coal, splint. 3' 2" | "No. 6 Block", "North Coalburg",
Coal, gas...l 0 J "Middle Kittanning". 4.2 77.5 56.2'
Slate and concealed, mostly sandstone,
East Lynn 58 135.5
Coal, gas V 3""
y No. 5 Block — Lower
Kittanning 7.3 142.8 65.3'
Sandstone, Homewood, and concealed 58.2 201
Kanawha Black Flint 5 206 63.2'
Shale 2 208
Coal, Stockton 2 210
Concealed 64 274
Sandstone, coarse, gray to brown, current-bedded. Upper WInifrede 32 306
Concealed 70 376
Coal, splint. . .5 0
Coal, gas 1 0
Kanawha Group, Pottsvii
West Virginia Geological Survey. I45
Tliickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, platy, medium-grained, gray... 14 390
Concealed 120 510
Coal blossom, Chilton 1 611 305'
Sandstone, medium-grained, micaceous ... 10 521
Concealed 175 696
Sandstone 25 721
Concealed 35 756
Sandstone, medium-grained, micaceous,
greenish, Peerless 25 781
Shale, sandy, and flaggy 15.7 796.7
Coal, gas r 0"
Shale, gray 0 1 Alma 1.7 79S.4 287.4'
Coal, gas 0 8
Shale, buff 1.6 800
Sandstone, limy 1 801
Shale, sandy, buff, iron ore nodules abundant 8.5 809.5
Sandstone, green 4.5 814
Shale, bull, sandy, iron ore nodules 1 815
Coal, Peerless 2 817 18.6'
Shale, black, slightly siliceous, Lingulae
fossils abundant 8 825
Coal, No. 2 Gas, at old W. R. Johnson Mine
Concealed 48 878
Shale, buff, sandy, iron ore nodules 15 893
Concealed 49.5 942.5
Coal, Eagle, at old W. R. Johnson Mine
Concealed to C. & O. R. R. grade at Crescent 50 996
Concealed to Kanawha River 34 1030 84'
The two following sections of the basal portion of the Allegheny Series were measured with aneroid by the author directly above Mines Nos. 7 and 5 on Map II, 3 and 2 miles southward from Montgomery, respectively:
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, massive, brown, making cliff,
no pebbles 30 30
Concealed 10 40
Sandstone, Upper East Lynn, grayish-white, coarse, making cliff, no pebbles
seen 75 115
Concealed 25 140
Sandstone, East Lynn, grayish-white, making cliff 60 20O
146 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Thlcknees. Total.
Coal, No. 5 Block, (Mine No. 7 on Map II) (1616' B.), belonging 70 feet above crop of Kanawha Black Flint 5 205
Schuyler Fork, Morris Creek Section, Kanawha District.
Thickness. Total. Allegheny Series (236.5') Feet. Feet.
Concealed in steep slope from hill summit 70 70
Bench, slight. Upper Kittanning Coal horizon 5 75 76'
Sandstone, Upper East Lynn, grayish-white, partly concealed 70 145
Concealed in steep slope 86 230
Coal, No. 5 Block, (No. 5 on Map II), (1575' B.), belonging 68 feet above crop of Kanawha Black Flint 6.6 236.6 161.6'
The following section of the Allegheny Series was measured with aneroid by the author:
Eagle — 54 Mile South Section, Kanawha District.
Thickness. Total. Allegheny Series (120.6) Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, Upper East Lynn, platy bed, coarse-grainedp top grayish-white and reddish-brown, from summit of mountain, no pebbles seen 36 36
Concealed 6 40 40'
Bench, slight. North Coal burg Coal horizon 10 50
Sandstone, medium-grained . 26' ]
Concealed, steep slope . . ..13 )> East Lynn 53 103
Sandstone 16 J
Slate 6 108
Sandstone 6 113
Shale 2 115
Coal, No. 5 Block, at Mine No. 8 on Map II (1725' B.), belonging 60 feet above crop of Kanawha Black Flint 6.6 120.6 80.6'
The following section, with some changes in correlation and additions at the base by the author was measured at the mouth of Armstrong Creek by I. C. White and published in Volume II of the State Survey, pages 371-2 :
West Virginia Geological Survey. I47
Mt. Carbon Section, Kanawha District.
ThickneBS. Total.
Sandstone, East Lynn, massive... 80 0 80 0
Shale 10 0 90 0
Coal r 8"
Bone 0 2 I No. & Block.. 5 4 95 4
Block coal. ..3 6
Concealed 5 0 100 4 100' 4*^
Kanawha Group, Pottavllle Series (1114' 8")
Sandstone, Homewood, massive.. . 65 0 165 4
Concealed 5 0 170 4
Kana(wha Black Flint 10 0 180 4 80' 0"
Shale and concealed 12 0 192 4
Coal, Stockton 3 0 195 4
Sandstone and concealed 170 0 365 4
Sandstone, massive, Lower WinL
frede 60 0 425 4
Concealed and shale 115 0 540 4
Limestone, siliceous 2 0 542 4
Sandstone, massive, gray 25 0 567 4
Coal 0' 6"
Shale 0 8
Coal 0 5 }• Williamson.. 2 5 569 9 389' 5"
Shale 0 6
Coal 0 4
Fire clay and concealed 5 0 574 9
Sandstone, massive 20 0 594 9
Shale, concealed, and sandstone. . 20 0 614 9 Concealed, probahly holds Cedar
Grove Coal near base 20 0 634 9 65' 0*
Sandstone and shale 20 0 654 9
Sandstone, massive 25 0 679 9
Shale and concealed 20 0 699 9
Sandstone, Peerless 25 0 724 9
Shale, sandy 10 0 734 9
Coal 1' 1"!
Shale 0 1 VAIma.. 18 736 5 lOr 8"
Coal 0 6 J
Shale, sandy 12 0 748 5
Coal, peerless 2 0 750 5 14' 0^
Shale, bluish 15 0 765 5
Coal, sulphurous 0' 5
Slate 0 OH
Coal 0 6
Coal, splint.. 0 11
Coal 0 7
Coal 2 10
Fire clay 5 0 775 9
Shale and sandstone, Brownstown 35 0 810 9
n
No. 2 Gas. 5 4 770 9 20' 4"
148 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Coal V 0"
Shale 2 6 Powellton.. 4 4 815 1 44' 4"
Coal 0 10
Shale and sandstone 15 0 830 1
Coal, probably a split off Powellton
12 831 3
Concealed and sandy shale 40 0 871 3
Limestone, siliceous, Stockton 10 872 3 57' 2"
Shale 10 0 882 3
Coal 0' 8"
Shale 1 4 iMatewan.. 2 6 884 9
Coal, slaty 0 6
Shale, sandy 20 0 904 9
Coal 0' 2"
Shale 0 8 I Eaffle 3 8 908 5 36' 2"
Coal 2 10
Shale and sandy beds 20 0 928 5
Coal, Little Eagle 16 929 11 21' 6"
Fire clay and shale 5 0 934 11
Sandstone, massive 10 0 944 11
Shale, sandy 40 0 984 11
Limestone, marine
Shale. .60 990 11 61' 0"
Shale, sandstone, and concealed . . 75 0 1065 11
Shale, bituminous 2 0 1067 11
Shale 30 0 1097 11
Limestone, siliceous 1 0 1098 11
Concealed 15 0 1113 11
Shale, dark and sandy 15 0 1128 11
Shale, Gilbert, black, marine fossils
9 1 1140 0
Concealed 20 0 1160 0
Sandstone 7 0 1167 0
Shale, buff, sandy, and flaggy, to
C. & O. R. R. grade 8 0 1175 0
Concealed to Kanawha River,
mouth of Armstrong Creek... 40 0 1215 0 84' 1"
In the above section, the basal 1 17 feet was added by the author from exposures immediately west of the C. & O. R. R. bridge over Armstrong Creek and connected with the Eagle Limestone
The following section was measured with aneroid by the author northward along the hill road to the Kanawha River, 0.4 mile west of Deepwater, the intervals beivsr slightly excessive on account of a dip of 30 to 40 feet in the strata :
fossil 1' 0"
Shale, dark, marine fossil 5 0
West Virginia Geological Survey. I49
Deepwater Section, Kanawha District.
Thickness. Total.
Coal, Eagle?, visible 1 1
Coal, Little Eagle 1 16
Sandstone 35 51
Concealed 10 61
Sliale and sandstone 12.2 73.2
Coal 0' 3"!
Shale, gray 2 3 I Local 2.8 76
Coal 0 3 J
Sandstone 5 81
Concealed 5 86
Coal blossom 0 86
Concealed and fire clay 15 101
Shale, buff, sandy 35 136
Sandstone 5 141
Shale, buff, sandy 15 156 156'
Concealed, probably horizon of Eagle Shale
and Limestone 7 163
Shale, dark 1.5 164.5
Coal, soft V 0"1
Shale, gray 0 3 I Lower War Eagle
Shale, sandy 5 171
Sandstone, Upper and Lower Gilbert, medium-grained, current-bedded 50 221
Shale, Gilbert, buff and black, Lingula fosslla
in upper 10' abundant 35 256
Concealed, with black slate 5 261
Sandstone, Dotaon, current-bedded, buff,
medium-grained 59 320
Coal, gas, medium-soft, Douglas "A" 1 321
Shale, black, and buff, sandy 11 332
Sandstone, iron ore nodules, conglomeratic 1 333
Shale, buff, sandy, iron ore nodules 1.3 334.3
Coal, slaty 0' 3"'
Shale, gray 0 7 1- Douglas (810' B.) . . 1.7 336 75'
Coal, slaty 0 11 J
Shale, buff, sandy 5 341
Sandstone, Lower Dotson, grayish-white.. 30 371
Sandstone, Upper Nuttall, to C. & O. R. R. grade, 0.4 mile west of Deepwater Station 48 489
Concealed to Kanawha River 41 530 89'
The following section was measured with aneroid by Teets in the northeastern edge of Kanawha District northeastward from an opening in the No. 2 Gas Coal bed, along the
Coal, Bemi-
Coaly gas. .2 9
Coal, spllnt.1 8
150 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
hill road on the head of Wilson Branch of Laurel Creek, almost along the strike of the strata :
Beckwith— 1.7 Miles West Section, Kanawha District
ThicknesB. Total.
Shale, Bandy, with iron ore nodules 6 6
Coal, gaB..O' 8"
Slate, ferriferous, and Bandy and concealed 4.4 16 Sandstone, coarse, micaceous, gray. Brownstown 80 46
Concealed 10 66
Coal blossom, Poweilton 66 44.4'
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained 60 116
Shale, sandy, and concealed 44 169
Concealed 89 199
Sandstone, flaggy, fine-gralned 24 224
Coal 1 226 26'
Concealed 10 236
Shale, sandy, and sandstone, flaggy 40 276
Concealed 40 816
Sandstone, massive, coarse, gray to buff. . 36 360
Concealed 26 376
Slate 6 880
Concealed 20 400
Concealed in bench 16 416 .
Shale and concealed 76 490
Shale, sandy 6 496
Sandstone, coarse, friable, micaceous, gray 20 616
Concealed 26 640 50'
Seven sections will now be g^ven southward across Kanawha District on the waters of Armstrong Creek.
Kimberly Section, Kanawha District.
Thickness. Total.
Shale, bufr, sandy, visible 12 12
Limestone, Campbell Creek, lenticular, 0"
to 1.2 18.2
Shale, buff, siliceous, iron ore nodules 13 26.2
West Virginia Geological Survey. I Si
Feet. Feet.
I Campbell
I Creek
Map ll>
Coal, Peerlesa 2'
Slate, black, with thin
coal streak 0
mnar, |
medium-hard 1' 6"
mnar, |
medium- |
hard 3 5 J
Shale : 0.7 36
Concealed 40 75
Concealed, at spring water, Powellton Coal
horizon 5 80 46.7'
Shale, sandy and flaggy 30 110
Limestone, Stockton, lenticular, 0' to 1 111
Shale, sandy and flaggy 24 136
Coal, Matewan 0.7 136.7
Shale 6 140.7
Concealed 20 160.7
Coal, Eagle, visible (975' B.) 1 161.7 81.7'
Fire clay shale 1 162.7
Shale 4 166.7
Concealed and coal blossom, Little Eagle. 26.3 192 30.3'
Sandstone, flaggy, and shale, sandy 66 247
Slate, black 4 261
Shale, Eagle, sandy, dark marine foaslls
Concealed to bed of Armstrong Creek,
mouth of Tucker Hollow 238 492 238'
The above section was measured with aneroid by the author down the west hillside of Armstrong Creek via Mine No. 49 on Map II to the mouth of Tucker Hollow. It is very important, in that the Peerless and No. 2 Gas divisions of the Campbell Creek Coal are shown to be separated by only 2 inches of black slate, although only the No. 2 Gas division is being mined by the M. B. Coal & Coke Co., according to William Robinson, a temporary foreman. Other important "key-rocks" of the Kanawha measures — Campbell Creek Limestone, Stockton Limestone and Eagle Shale — are also present in the section.
One mile southwestward the following section was measured with aneroid by the writer down the west hillside of Armstrong Creek via Mines Nos. 10 and SO on Map II in the No. 5 Block and No. 2 Gas Coal beds, respectively, the Peerless here being separated from the latter bed by an interval of 15 feet. Intervals are slightly less than they should be
No. 2 Gas Coal
152 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
owing to a rise of about 25 feet in the strata between the top and bottom of the section :
Columbia Section, Kanawha District.
Thickness. Total. Allegheny Series (8') Feet. Feet.
Coal, No. 5 Block, (sandstone roof) with partings, at Mine No. 10 on Map II
Slate and concealed 47 56
Kanawha Black Flint, typical 3 68 68'
Concealed 644 702
Shale, sandy, buff 3.6 706.6
Coal, Peerless, gas, medium-hard 2.6 708
Shale, dark, argillaceous, fossils abundant 16 723
Coal, gas 0' 9 "
Shale, gray 0 3%
Coal, gas 0 6
Slate, yellowish-gray 0 0%
Coal, gas, visible. 2 6
Concealed 1 0
Concealed 150 878
Shale, buff 3.7 881.7
Coal, Little Eagle, gas, soft 1.3 883 166'
Fire clay shale, gray 1 884
Sandstone, shaly 14 898
Shale, sandy 62 950
Slate, black, with marine fossils 25'
Sandstone, yellow, ma- • Eagle Limerine
fossils abun- j stone 25.5 975.6 92.6'
dant, many species. 0.6 j
Slate, black and brown 26 1000.6
Sandstone, medium-grained 30 1030.6
Concealed to bed of Armstrong Creek 120 1150.5
The following very important section was measured with aneroid by the author eastward along a deep ravine, 0.6 mile northwest of the mouth of Jenkins Fork of Armstrong Creek, the change in the aneroid about compensating for the 10 to IS feet of rise in the strata in this direction between the top and bottom exposures. The cloud-burst accompanying the great Cabin Creek flood of 1916 had swept the floor of this steep ravine clean of debris, giving a complete exposure of about 500 feet of a very important portion of the Kanawha Group, in that the true positions of the Williamson and Alma
West Virginia Geological Survey. 1 53
Coals and the Seth Limestone are given in the type region of the latter division of the rock column. The coals in question possess here the same multiple-bedded character as in Boone, Logan, and Mingo Counties:
Thickness. TotaL Kanawha Group (486.V) Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, flaggy, visible 15 15
Shale, green 4.6 19.5
Coal, gas 0.6 20 20'
Shale, argillaceous, gray 3 23
Sandstone, flaggy 9 32
Slate, black 2.6 34.5
Coal, gas 0.5 35 15'
Sandstone and shale, green 10 45
Sandstone 4 49
Shale» green, iron ore nodules, and plant
fossils 9.4 58.4
Coal, Hernshaw, spllnty 1.6 60 25'
Slate, black... 0 0%
Coal, gas 2 8
Shale, gray....O 9
Coal, gas 0 6
Sandstone, Upper Cedar Grove, micaceous,
greenish-gray 40 131
Shale, buff, iron ore nodules, flaggy, siliceous, laminated 44.5 175.5
Limestone, Seth, siliceous, marine fossils
abundant 0.5 176
Shale, buff, iron ore nodules 4.3 180.3
Coal, gas V 3"
Shale, gray 0 9
Coal, slaty 0 2
Coal, gas 1 8
Shale, dark 0 1
Coal, gas 0 2
Shale, dark 1 0 |
Shale, gray 0 2
Coal, gas 0 8 J
Shale, buff, sandy 12.2 214.2
Limestone, Campbell Creek, siliceous, lenticular 2 216.2
Shale, buff, sandy, laminated, iron ore
nodules 28.4 244.6
Coal, gas. Peerless 2.9 247.5
Shale, black 1.7 249.2
Cedar Grove Coal '(1196' B.) 3.7 184 93'
Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Coal, gas..r 8"
Shale, gray.O 10
Coal, ga8..0 9
Shale, gray.O 8
Coal, gas.. 3 7
Shale, gray T 6
Coal 0' 2"!
Shale 1 0
•Lower Campbell Creek
TotaL Feet
•,No. 2 Gas Coal (No. 304 on Map II) duo's.).. 7.1
Coal 0
Shale 8
Coal, gas. .0
4
6
10
tff
Stockton ' Limestone.
14
Shale, argillaceous, dark-gray 2
Sandstone, Brownstown, coarse, brown... 18.6
Coal, slaty 0' 2"
Slate 0 2
Coal 0 2
Shale, dark 0 9
Coal, gas 0 6
Slate, dark, hard.O 1
Coal, 'gas 2 2
Shale, gray, sandy '.
Coal
Shale, argillaceous, gray, iron ore nodules Limestone, siliceous., r Z Shale, dark, sandy,
laminated 12 8
Limestone, O'' to 0 6
Shale, dark, sandy, laminated 16
Sandstone, ferriferous iron ore nodules in
profusion 4.7
Coal, Matewan 0.3
Sandstone, Eagle 26
Shale, flaggy and sandy 13.4
Coal, slaty.... 0' 2" Shale, black, coal streaks. 0 8 f Eagle Coal (1000' B.) 2.6
Coal, soft 2 2
Shale '. 3
Sandstone, Decota, and flaggy shale 20.7
Coal, Little Eagle 1.3
Shale, flaggy 39
Limestone 1
Shale, flaggy, sandy 16
Shale, sandy, flaggy, seen up marine to
west ' 12
Limestone, Eagle?, siliceous, lenticular, no
marine fossils seen 1
Shale, sandy, flaggy, visible 6
The following section was measured with aneroid by the author westward down the east hillside of Armstrong Creek xia Mine No. 60 on Map II in the Powellton Coal, the latter
Powell ton
West Virginia Geological Survey. 1 55
in this locality belonging about 60 feet below the No. 2 Gas bed:
Elk Ridge Section, Kanawha District.
ThickaeBB. Total. Kanawha Group (468^') Feet. Feet.
visible 3 3
Shale, buff, sandy, iron ore nodules 6.4 9.4
Coal, gas 0' 4"''
Shale, dark-gray 0 2
Coal, gas 0 3
Shale, dark-gray, W to.O 1 Coal, columnar, medium
-BOft 2 4
Shale, gray 0 2
Coal, splint 0 4
Coal, gas 0 6
Shale, dark-gray 0 2
Coal, soft, columnar. . 2 3
Slate and concealed .' 30 46
Shale, sandy 20 66
Sandstone 40 106
Concealed and slate 5 111
Coal, gas,
columnar.O' 8"
Bone 0 t
Slate, gray .2 0 Coal, soft,
columnar.2 4
Slate and concealed 16 131
Sandstone 10 141
Shale» buff, sandy 18 159
Coal blossom, Little Eagle 2 161 45'
Concealed 2 163
Sandstone 13 176
Shale, sandy and flaggy 39 215
Shale, dark, sandy 48 263
Slate, black 8.5n Eagle Lime-
Sandstone, yellowish, ma- V atone and
rine fossils abundant. . .0.6 J Slate 4 267 106'
Slate, black 19 286
Sandstone, Lower War Eagle 30 316
Concealed 45 361
Slate, black, sandy 5 366
Coal, soft 0' 3"")
Slate, gray 0 1 V<a1enalum Tunnel
Coal, soft.. 2 0 J (1080' B.) 2.3 368.3 101.3' i
Sandstone. Lower Gilbert 15 383.3
Concealed in steep slope 70 453.3
Sandstone. Dotson 15 468.3 100'
. The following section was measured with aneroid by the author sotithwestward along the floor of the steep ravine to
.(Opening No. 377 on 'Map n) Eagle (5' 2") 1(1345' B.) 5 116 100'
VHemshaw... 8.7 423.7 113.7'
156 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
the bed of Powellton Fork, J4 mile northwest of Powellton.
The intervals are excessive owing to the dip of the rocks in the same direction :
Powellton — 0.5 Mile Northwest Section, Kanawha District.
Thickness. Total
Kanawha Black Flint, typical 10 10 10'
Concealed along ravine 256.3 266.3
Sandstone, Upper Chilton, massive, making cliff 40 306.3
Slate and concealed 60 370
Sandstone, making great cliff, Hernshaw. . 40 410
Shale, green, plant fossils abundant 5 415
Coal 0' 4'
Shale, buff, sandy... 5 0
Coal, gas 0 2
Shale, gray 0 8
Coal, semi-splint 0 11
Slate, black 0 4
Coal, gas 0 10
Slate, gray 0 4
Coal 0 1
Shale 1.3 425
Sandstone 40 465
Shale, dark 34.3 499.3
Coal 0.7 500 76.3'
Shale, gray 3 - 503
Concealed, with coal blossom 12 515 15'
Sandstone, making cliff 30 545
Concealed 5 550
Sandstone, green, micaceous 45 595
Concealed 10 605
Sandstone, green, micaceous. Upper Cedar
Grove 75 680
Concealed 29 709
Coal, visible 12", Cedar Grove 1 710 195'
Fire clay shale, siliceous 2 712
Sandstone, green, micaceous. Peerless 38 750
Shale, buff, sandy 27.7 777.7
Coal, Peerless 2.3 780
Shale, dark, argillaceous 1.5 781.5
Coal, soft. No. 2 Gas (visible 18") (1400'B.) 1.5 783
Concealed 12 795
Sandstone, Brownstown, gray, micaceous.. 29.3 824.3
Coal, Powellton "A" 0.7 825
Shale, dark, argillaceous 1.5 826.5
Concealed and shale 22.5 849
Coal 0' 8"
Shale 0 4 J. Powellton 6 855 72'
Concealed 5 0
West Virginia Geological Survey. 1 57
• Thickness. Total
Feet. Feet. Shale, sandy and flaggy, dark at bottom.. 25 880 Limestone, Stockton, dark, cherty, lenticular 2 882
Slate, black, siliceous 20.6 902.6
Shale, sandy, conglomeratic, with iron ore
nodules 2 904.6
Coal, Matewan 0.4 905 50'
Sandstone 15 920
Coal, slaty 0.3 920.3
Shale, sandy 9.7 930
Concealed 20 950
Sandstone 6 956
Concealed 7 963
Shale, sandy 5 968
Coal, cannelly splint.. 0' 5"1
Bone 0 1 I Little Eagle
Coal, eoft, bright 1 6 J (1215' B.).. 2 970 65'
Shale, flaggy, and sandy 44 1014
Limestone, lenticular 1 1015
Shale, flaggy and dark 15 1030
Concealed 5 1035
Shale, dark 10 1045 75'
Concealed, should hold Eagle Limestone
and Shale near top 30 1075
Sandstone, green, micaceous, current-bedded. Lower War Eagle 34.2 1109.2
Coal, soft, columnar, Lower War Eagle... 0.8 1110 65'
Slate black, sandy 21.7 1131.7
Shale, gray 2 8 i Glenalum Tunnel
Coal, soft 0 9 J (1050' B.) 3.3 1135 25'
Shale, sandy, and sandstone 7 1142
Shale, bluish-black, sandy 12 1154
Coal and slate, mixed 1 1155 20'
Lower Gilbert 20 1175
Shale, bluish-black, laminated, Gilbert 30 1205
Concealed 15 1220
Shale, bluish, sandy and flaggy 15.5 1235.5
Coal, soft,
columnar 1' 0"
Shale, sandy.... 3 0
Coal, slaty 0 6
Sandstone, Dotson, grayish-white and
brown, current-bedded 35 1275
Shale, bluish-black, laminated, with iron
ore nodules, to bed of Powellton Fork 35 1310 70'
The following succession of the strata is obtained by combining a section measured with aneroid by the author southwestward from the summit of the high knob, marked as a triangulation point on Maps I and II, with the log of the old Powellton test well for oil and gas — No. 14 on Map II — pub-
158 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
•
lished on pages 502-3 of Volume 1(a) of the State Survey Reports, located on the east bank of Powellton Fork, just above the C. &. O. R. R. station at Powellton. That portion above the well mouth represents almost vertical measurements since the results were determined from exposures almost on the strike of the strata:
Powellton Section, Elanawha District.
ThickneBS. Total. Allegheny Series (lOO") Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, grayish-white, coarse, small pebbles, East Lynn, capping knob, 0.7 mile northeast of Powellton, and concealed in steep slope 85 S5
Bench, flat, No. 5 Block Coal horizon 16 100 100'
Kanawha Group, Pottsvllle Series (1368')
Sandstone, grayish-white, current-bedded,
making great cliff, Homewood 72.5 172.5
Coal Stockton ''A," at prospect 2.6 175
Kanawha Black Flint, typical (2156' B.).. 10 185 86'
Concealed in bench, Stockton Coal horizon 10 195
Sandstone, current-bedded, coarse-grained, grayish-white, making cliff, ^ Upper Coalburg 65 260
Concealed in slight bench, Coailburg Coal
horizon 6 266 80'
Sandstone, current-bedded, medium-grained bottom, grayish-brown, coarser at top, Lower Coalburg 60 325
Concealed in bench 16 340
Sandstone, heavy-bedded, coarse, grayish-brown, making cliff. Upper WInlfrede 40 380
Concealed, steep slope 10 390
Concealed in bench, Win If rede Coal horizon 10 400 136'
Sandstone, current-bedded, medium-grained, micaceous, greenish-gray, making cliff, Lower WInlfrede 60 460
Concealed, steep slope 15 475
Concealed in gentle slope, mostly sandy
shale 60 525
Sandstone, Lower Chilton?, current-bedded,
micaceous, greenish-gray, making cliff 56 580
Concealed, bench : 5 585
Concealed, steep slope 35 620
Concealed in bench 6 625
Sandstone, current-bedded, greenish-gray,
micaceous, making cliff 66 690
Concealed, steep slope 16 705
Concealed in bench 10 716
Sandstone, making great cliff, on point, current-bedded, greenish-gray, micaceous, Upper Cedar Grove 60 775
West Virginia Geological Survey. I59
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Concealed 50 826
Sandstone 15 840
Slight bench 5 846
Sandstone, coarse, brown, Pe«rlaaa 20 866
Concealed 35 900
Coal bloaaom and fragments, No. 2 Qaa
(1426' B.) (No. 306 on Map 11) 6 906 505'
Concealed 66 970
Sandstone, fL&ggy 16 986
Concealed with sandstone and shale intermixed 66 1060
Coal blossom, Eagle 0 1060 146'
Sandstone, Decota, current-bedded 17 1067
Concealed 1.5 1068.6
Coal, Little Eagle 1.6 1070 20'
Sandstone, flaggy 30 1100
Shale, buff and dark, sandy, laminated. ... 19 1119 Limestone, bluish-black, cherty, fairly
pure, lenticular 1- 1120
Shale, dark, siliceous, coarse, no marine
fossils seen 20 1140
Concealed, should hold Eagle Limestone
near middle 26 1165 96'
Sandstone, gray, current-bedded, micaceous, Lower War Eagle 50 1215
Slate, siliceous 16 1230
Slate, black, cannelly 7 1237
Shale, gray, plant fossils abundant 1.8 1238.8
Coal, Glenalum Tunnel (1086' B.) 1.2 1240 75'
Shale, fire clay 5 1246
Sandstone, current-bedded, gray, micaceous. Lower Gilbert 46 1290
Shale, Gilbert, siliceous, iron ore nodules. 30 1320 Concealed, (holds Gilbert Coal of last section) 6 1326 86'
Sandstone, grayish-white, current-bedded,
Dotson 36 1360
Shale, black, siliceous, iron ore nodules, to
top Powellton Well 25 1385 60'
Continued with Powellton Well Record (No. 14 on Map II) (Casing Head, 935' B.)
Shale 48 1433
Sandstone, gray 14 J
Slate 2 1468 83'
^^\f^ River and Pocahontas Groups, Pottsvllle ^•ries (937')
Sandstone, white, Upper and Lower Nut.
tall 195 1663
Coal, Hughes Ferry 2 1665 197'
Sandstone 9 1674
Shale 5 1679
Sandstone, white, hard 11 1690
i6o
Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Shale 306
Shale, black, limy 18
Lime, gray . .* 4
Lime, buff-colored and sandy 3
Sandstone 3
Lime, white, sandy 43
Slate, black 3
Limestone 23
Sandstone, white and pebbly, Pineville?.. 93
Slate, black, and shale 50
ShaJe and lime, sandy 6
Shale 6
Lime and slate 23
Sandstone, pebbly, with gas 10
Clayey shale 9
Lime 13
Clayey shale 103
Shale, brown 15
Lime 33
Red rock and lime shell 192
Lime shell and slate 16
Red rock 50
Lime with shale pebbles 20
Lime 15
Red rock 48
Lime shell 7
Red rock, limy 60
Slate 21
Sandstone, hard, black V Maxton? 66
and white 22 J
Slate and lime shells 51
Limestone, white
Limestone, dark
Slate, Pencil Cave
Greenbrier Limestone (336') (Top 685' below sea-level) Lime, solid, "Big
Lime" 60'
Slate 203
Lime, gray 42
Lime, mottled 13
Shale, black, limy 4
Lime, gray 14
Pocono Sandstone Series (500") Shale, red, sandy, various
colored pebbles 9'
Sandstone, dark, fine and
hard 6
Shale, sandy, and sandstone,
hard and fine 80
Sandstone, "rotten water",
coarse, open-grained and
pebbly 17
Big Injun 111
Total.
Feet. 1995 2013 2017 2020 2023 2066 2069 2092 2185 2235 2241 2247 2270 2280 2289 2302 2405
PLATE VI(a). — View lookiag northeast, staowlng New River gorge ]ual below Nuttallburg, topograiAy of Kanawha and New River Groups and outcrop of tlie great LfOwer Nuttall Sandstone near top of valley wall.
PLATE VKb). — View laokiog northward. Just below Kaymoor. showing
the topography of Kanawha and New River Groups, and tbe
outcrop of the great Liower Nuttall Sandstone along
tlie north valley wall of New River.
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. l6l
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Slvale, gradually growing into hard impure limestone 73 3525
Slate and shale 316 3841 500'
Devonian, Catakill Sandstone Series (439')
Slate and shale to bottom 439 4280 439'
The following section was measured with aneroid by the author southwestward via Mine No. 16A on Map II in the Peerless Coal along the incline to the same mine to railroad grade just above the mouth of Woodrum Branch of Powellton Fork. Here, only 13 feet of shale separate the Eagle and Little Elagle Coal beds. Five miles southward near Keeferton on Paint Creek this parting has thinned down to only one inch, the two beds being mined together and having a total thickness of 81 inches at Mine No. 83 on Map II. At Mine 16A above mentioned, the Peerless division of the Campbell Creek Coal, as in the Page region of Fayette, is mined as a separate and distinct bed, overshadowing in development the No. 2 Gas seam which has here been cut away to less than half its usual thickness by a local development of sandstone. The interval separating these two members of the original Campbell Creek Coal is generally occupied in the Kanawha Valley by a dark, argillaceous shale, carrying many plant fossils and frequently fauna of the genus Lingula :
Head of Powellton Fork Section, Kanawha District.
Thickness. Total.
Shale, buff, sandy 8 8
Sandstone 2 10
Shale, buff, sandy 9 19
Coal, medium-80ft, bright, columnar, Peer-le
M, at Mine 16A on Map II 4 23 23'
Sandstone 25 48
Fire clay and shale 2.6 52
Sandstone 25.7 77.7
Shale, black 0.3 78
Shale, sandy 2 80
Sandstone 18 98
Concealed 85 133
Slate and concealed 60 198
Coal blossom. Matewan 0 198
l62
Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
24S
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Concealed and sandstone 34 232
Shale 6 237
Coal, 6laty...O' 6" Slate, gray.. .1 6
Coaly soft 3 0
Slate, black.. 0 2 Coal, b<my...O 10 j
Shale, sandy 13
Coal, soft, Little Eagle 2.8
Shale, gray 1.7
Sandstone to railroad grade 7
Two miles eastward in the same District (Kanawha) on the waters of Loop Creek, the following succession of the coal beds of the Kanawha Group as prospected and determined by the Loup Creek Colliery Company was kindly furnished the Survey by C. E. Krebs of Charleston, W. Va., formerly of the Survey Staff, the correlations of the beds in the upper 846 feet being those of the author :
Section for Page Region, Kanawha District.
Interval from top of mountain 111.8
Coal, hard 2' 9"!
coal, soft 1 9 J
Interval 116
Coal and slate 0' 4'' ) Coal burg 2
Interval 90.1
Coal 0' 4"
Slate 0 6
Coal, cannel 0 11
Slate 0 8
Coal 3 6
Interval .' 124
Interval 86
Coal ...0' 4" Slate ...0 3 Coal ...0 4 Slate ...3 2 Coal ...2 11
Interval ' 92.4
Coal 0' 11" V
Coal 1 0 J
Interval 183
Coal, Alma 1
Total. jToeb. 111.8
West Virginia Geological Survey. 163
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Interval 59.2 S86.2
Coal, No. 2 Qa8...3 6 J
Interval 13.9 859.9
Coal, Lower Campbell Creek 1.1 861 16'
Interval 88.6 899.6
Coal, Powellton 1.4 901 40'
Interval 90.1 991.1
Slate 0 9
Coal 1 7
Slate 0 9
Coal 2 9
Interval ' 46.4 1044.4
Coal, Little Eagle (8' 7") 3.6 1048 SO'
Three miles southward in Kanawha District the author measured with aneroid the following section northward along the hill road on the head of Johnson Fork. The results are greater than they should be on account of a dip of about 70 feet in the strata between the exposures for the top and base of the section :
Head of Johnson Fork Section, Kanawha District
Thicknesa. Total.
Sandstone, flaggy
Shale, buff, sandy 7.5 7.5
CoaJ, soft <y 7"'
Shale, gray 0 6
Coal, slaty 0 4 Powellton
Coal, soft 2 9
Shale, sandy 5 20
Sandstone 55 75
Concealed 26 100
Coal bloaeom, Matewan 100 85'
Sandstone, shaly, Eagle 15 115
Sliale, sandy 18 183
Coal bioeaom, heavy. Eagle (1950' B.) 2 135 . 35'
Sandstone 30 165
Concealed and sandstone, shaly 333.8 498.8
Fire clay shale 5 505 5'
64 Stratigraphy — Special Sections,
Three miles southwestward in the same District (Kana-vha) Teets measured the following section with aneroid lorthwestward down the south hillside of Paint Creek via lines Kos. 64 and 83 on Map II, in the No. 2 Gas and Eagle 'oal beds, respectively, mostly along the incline to these (perations, to the bed of the latter stream, )4 mile west of Ceeferton. The intervals between important beds are greater han they should be, owing to a dip of 75 to 80 feet in the trata between the top and bottom exposures of the section, ^ere, as mentioned on a preceding page in the discussion of he Head of Powellton Fork Section, the Eagle and Little i^agle Coal beds have combined into one great seam, as rerealed by adjacent exposure along the valley walls of Paint ^reek:
Keeferton — yi Mile West Section, Kanawha District.
Interval from top of mountain 300
Shale and concealed 105
Sandstone and state 1
Coal 0* 8"1
Slate and bone.. .
Coal, gae
Slate, black
Thickness. Total. Feet Feet
Coal
Powellton
64
ana sandstone
..4' l"! (S' 10") Eagle an ..0 1 lEagle beds, (MIn
and sandstone
Slate 0
Coal, gaa, columnar. 4
Concealed and sandstone.'. 143.2
Coal, gaa.. .4' l"! (S' 10") Eagle and Little
Coal .
Concealed and s
Slate, black. Eagle, marine fossils abundant
Concealed and sandstone 75
Slate, black 6
Concealed 2S
Sandstone, Lower Gilbert 50
Slate, black 15
Concealed .*. 46
Sandstone, Dotaon 3S
Shale, Kray, slaty 20
Slate, black 13
Coal .
Slate 0
Coal 0
Slate 0
Coal 0
8 VDouglaa?..
West Virginia Geological Survey. I65
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, Lower Dotson 50 1020
Concealed 75 1095 125'
Sandstone, Upper and Lower Nuttall 210 1305
Slate, black, to bed of Paint Creek 15 1320 225'
Slightly over a mile westward on the same hillside of Paint Creek, the following section was obtained by Teets from determinations with spirit-level by the Milburn Coal Company northward via the latter's Mines Nos. 63 and 82 on Map II, in the Powellton and Eagle Coal beds, respectively. The measurements were made so nearly on the strike of the strata that the results represent practically vertical determinations. The interval between the base of the No. 2 Gas and the Eagle Coal beds — ^230 feet — ^is practically double that prevailing in the Montgomery region of Fayette County, 14 miles northward:
Kingston — 1.7 Miles West Section, Kanawha District.
Thickness. Total.
Coal, gas, slate
roof 8' 4"
Rock 0 1
Coal 0 11
Slate 0 8
Coal 1 6.
Interval 110.8 117.3
Coal, slate roof. .1' 6'
Interval 90.8 212.8
Sandstone, Eagle, visible 15 227.8
Coal V 4"
Slate 2 2
Coal 0 2
SUte 0 8
floor)....4 4 IntervflJ estimated to top of Upper Nuttall
Sandstone and base of Kanawha Group 530 766.5 530'
(Opening No. 838 'on Map II) No. 2 Gaa (2109' L.) . . . 6.5 6.5 6.5'
Slate 0 5
Coal 0 10
Eagle and LKtIe Eagle ' (1879' L.) (Mine No. 82 on Map II) 8.7 236.5 114'
Mr. J. C. Rawn, formerly general manager of the Solvay Collieries Company, had a trench dug several years ago from
I 1 p > ■ -i
l66 STRATIGRAPHY — SPECIAL SECTIONS.
Ihe top of Lick Knob on the Raleigh- Fayette County Line, L8 miles south of Kingston, northward to Milbum Creek at the latter town, probably exposing the greatest number of minable coal beds yet found in the same hill in the State. Teets measured a hand-level section of these exposures and joined it to the log of the Gallego Land Company No. 1 Coal Test Boring — No. 15 on Map II, at the mouth of Rattlesnake Run, 1.5 miles northwest of Kingston, the results being published by C. £. Krebs in his Detailed Geologic Report of Raleigh County for the State Survey, pages 56-8. After a careful study of the published section, the author was convinced that an error had probably been made in tying the Coal (Douglas), 1555 feet from the top of the measured portion, to the top of the boring. Mr. Teets therefore was instructed to make a* careful effort to trace the horizon of this coal to the boring in question, with the result that he found it belonged only 205 feet above the top of the boring instead of ZAV 2'\ This necessarily resulted in some revisions of the correlations of several important members of this very complete and detailed section as shown in its following revised form :
Kingston Section, Kanawha District
ThiokneBs. Total.
Allegheny Series (90") Ft In. FL In. Sandy shale and concealed from
Bnmmlt of Lick Knob 88 0 88 0
Coal, No. 6 Block, Lower Kittan-
Kanawha Group, Pottsvllle Series (1540')
Sandstone, Homewood 74 0 164 0
Coal, Stockton "A" 6 0 170 0 80' (T
Sandstone 48 4 218 4
Sliale> sandy and
concealed 6 8
Coal 4 4
Sandstone and shale, sandy 155 6 386 6
Coal, Coalburg 8 6 390 0 159' 0"
Shale, sandy 9 0 899 0
Coal, Little Coalburg 10 400 0
Sandstone, Upper WInlfredo 37 8 487 8
Coal, Win if rede 2 8 440 4 50' 4*^
Shale, sandy 12 4 452 8
Coal, Lower WInlfrede 2 4 456 0
'Stockton 12 8 231 0 61' 0**
West Virginia Geological Survey. 167
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Shale, sandy 69 4 614 4
Coal, Chilton "A" 0 8 616 0 74' 8"
Shale, sandy, and concealed 127 0 642 0
Coal, Little Chilton 3 0 646 0
Shale, sandy 86 10 681 10
Coal, Hemshaw, ''Black Band". . . 3 2 686 0 170' 0"
Sandstone and shale, sandy 66 11 741 11
Coal, Williamson 3 1 746 0 60' 0"
Shale, sandy 9 2 764 2
Coal 0 10 766 0
Sandstone and shale, sandy 118 4 873 4
Coal r 8"!
Shale, sandy.. 7 10 lAlma 11 8 886 0 140' 0"
Coal 2 2 J
Sandstone, massive. Monitor 61 8 936 8
Coal, PeerloM 3 4 940 0
Shale, sandy, and concealed 34 4 974 4
Coal, No. 2 Gas, visl-ble 0 8 976 0 90' O''
Shale, sandy 33 10 1008 10
Coal, Lower Campbell Creek 1 2 1010 0
Sandstone, massive, Brownttown. 23 0 1033 0
Coal, Powellton "A" 2 0 1036 0
Shale, sandy 4 4 1039 4
Coal, Powellton 6 8 1046 0 70' O''
Shale, sandy, and concealed 78 6 1123 6
Coal, Matewan 1 6 1126 0
Sandstone, Eagle 36 0 1160 0
Shale, sandy and slaty 7 3 1167 3
Coal, Eagle and Little Eagle, combined 7 9 1175 0 130* 0"
Sandstone and sandy shale 90 0 1266 0
Black slate. Eagle, marine foesiis abundant (supplied from Keefer-
Shale, sandy 67 6 1342 6
Coal, Lower War Eagle 2 6 1345 0 60' 0"
Shale, sandy 27 8 1372 8
Coal, Glenalum Tunnel, upper
bench 2 4 1375 0
Shale, sandy, and sandstone 27 5 1402 6
Coal, Glenalum Tunnel, lower
bench 2 7 1406 0 60' 0*
Sandstone, Lower Gilbert, and
shale, sandy 84 7 1489 7
Coal, Gilbert 0 5 1490 0 86' O**
Sandstone, Dotson, and shale,
sandy 62 0 1662 0
Coal, Douglas 3 0 1665 0 66' 0**
Sandetone, Lower Dotson, shale,
sandy, and concealed 76 0 1630 0 75' 0"
New River and Pocahontas Groups, PotUville Series (10S7'10") Sandstone, Upper and Lower Nut-tail, making great cliff along Paint Creek, to top Bore Hole
No. 15 on Map II 130 0 1760 0
l68 STRATIGRAPHY — SPECIAL SECTIONS.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In. (Continued with log of Gallego
Land Company Boring No. 15 on
Surface debris 12 0 1772 0
Shale 14 0 1786 0
Sandstone 3 0 1789 0
Coal, Hughes Ferry, larger 0 10 1789 10 169' 10'*
Sandstone 2 0 1791 10
Shale, sandy 6 0 1797 10
Sandstone 16 0 1813 10
Slate 1 0 1814 10
Shale, sandy 1 11 1816 9
Shale, dark 9 0 1825 9
Shale, sandy 1 7 1827 4
Shale, dark 2 0 1829 4 ,
Sandstone, hard, flinty 3 4 1832 8
Shale, sandy 1 2 1833 10
Sandstone, hard, broken, Harvey 52 0 1885 10
Shale, dark, sandy 8 6 1894 4
Slate, dark 7 3 1901 7
Sandstone, hard, Guyandot 43 2 1944 9
Shale, dark 0 1 1944 10
Sandstone, hard 70' 6" ] Lower
glomeratic... 7 0 1
Coal, dirty, Sewell 1 0 2028 4 233' 6*^
Sandstone, brown 4 6 2027 10
Shale, sandy, hard 9 6 2037 4
Shale, dark, sandy 14 0 2051 4
Shale, hard, sandy 29 0 2080 4
Sandstone, hard 1 0 2081 4
Shale, hard, sandy 2 0 2083 4
Sandstone, hard 4 0 2087 4
Shale, hard, sandy 8 6 2090 10 67' 6*^
Sandstone, hard 14' 0" ] Sandstone, con- |
glomeratic . . 11 0 I Upper Sandstone, hard 11 0 f Raleigh Sandstone. I Sandstone 92 0 2182 10
black shale |
and coal |
Sandstone conglomeratic .. 9'©"
Shale, dark 2 0
Sandstone, hard 3 0 I Lower Sandstone, con- • Raleigh
glomeratic . . 21 0 Sandstone 89 0 2271 10
Shale, dark 8 6
Shale, sandy... 2 6
Shale, blue 1 0 2272 10
West Virginia Geological Survey. 169
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Quinnimont
Sandstone 84 0 2356 10
Sandstone, hard 35' G'' Sandstone, conglomeratic . . 0 6 Sandstone, hard 4 0 Sandstone, conglomeratic . . 23 0 Sandstone, hard 21 0
Coal and dark shale, Fire Creek 0 4 2357 2 266' i"
Shaly clay 0 3 2357 5
Shale, sandy 14 11 2372 4
Shale, dark 4 3 2376 7
Shale and coal, Little Fire Creek 1 0 2377 7 20' 5"
Shale, dark 0 3 2377 10
Shale, sandy 8 0 2385 10
Sandstone 31 0 2416 10
Sandstone, with shale partings... 1 0 2417 10
Sandstone 30 0 2447 10
Sandstone, with slate seam 28 6 2476 4
Sandstone 9 6 2485 10
Sandstone, conglomeratic 0 6 2486 4
Sandstone 7 0 2493 4
Shale, dark 9 6 2502 10
Sandstone, with shale spots 6 0 2510 10
Sandstone 29 0 2539 10
Shale, dark, sandy 169 0 2708 10
Sandstone, hard 11 0 2719 10 342' Z"
Mauch Chunk. Series, Mississlpplan
Limestone, bastard, conchoidal. . . 11 0 2730 10
Limestone and shale, mixed 18 0 2748 IC
Red shale 3 0 2751 10
Green lime 8 0 2754 10
Red shale to bottom of hole 5 0 2759 10 40' 0"
Special Sections, Mountain Cove District.
Mountain Cove District lies immediately on the north side of New River and south of Falls District, and, like the latter area, its surface rocks belong mostly in the Kanawha and New River Groups of the Pottsville Series, although there are a few scattered remnants of the Allegheny Series along the crest of Gauley Mountain ridge and its spurs. In the northern border the following section was measured with aneroid by the author from the triangulation point on the summit of the high knob, IJi miles northwest of Ansted, southward mostly along the second-class road to near the road fork, one-eighth mile southwest of the railway station for the latter place. That for the
! h
*
I t
Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
New River Group represents almost vertical measurements on the steep valley walls of Mill Creek down to the bed of New River at Hawks Nest, and this portion is in close agreement with the results obtained by Maj. Wm. N. Page, published by I. C. White on pages 273-4 of Volume 11(A) of the State Survey Reports. The same is not true, however, for that portion included within the Kanawha Group, as the results are much less than they should be owing to a rise in the strata of about 200 feet to the southeast between the top and bottom exposures :
Ansted — Hawks Nest Section, Mountain Cove District
Thickness.
Concealed, steep slope, from triangulatlon point top of knob 106
Concealed in bench, No. 5' Block Coal
horizon 6
Kanawha Group, Pottsvllle Series (1046')
Concealed, steep slope 6S
Kanawha Black Flint, and concealed 10
Shale» argillaceous 10
Coal, gas, medium-hard r 8"
Bony slate, black... 0 6
Shale, dark 0
Coal, splint, slightly
bony 8
Coal, splinty. good.. 3
0
0
Stockton Coal (2385'B.). (Opening No. 275 on Map II) 8' 6"
Concealed and coal blossom, split off Stockton bed 20
Sandstone, Upper Coalburg, medium-coarse-grained, greenish-gray 26
Concealed in bench 10
Shale, sandy 7
Concealed 8
Sandstone, flaggy 7
Concealed 2
Coal blossom 1
Sandstone, coarse, brown and gray. Upper
Coalburg 23
Shale, gray. 1 0 Coal, softer.. 1 0
Slate 2 0
Coal 1 0
12
Total. Feet.
West Virginia Geological Survey. I7I
Thickness. Total.
Feet, Feet
Concealed In bench 10 320
Shale, buff, sandy 26 346
Concealed in bench, and fire clay shale
Sandstone 36 400
Concealed 6 405
Shale, sandy 9.4 414.4
Sandstone 33 448
Concealed 2 460
Coal blossom, Hemshaw? 460 36'
Concealed 16 466
Shale, sandy, buff 10 476
Concealed ; . . . 9 484
Coal blossom, Wllflamsonr 1 486 36'
Concealed in bench and shale 26 610
Sandstone 20 630
Concealed 6 636
Sandstone 30 666
Shale, sandy 16 680
Concealed 5 686
Coal blossom, Cedar Grove 686 100'
Concealed 66 640
Sandstone, flaggy and massive, greenish,
-Peerless 30 670
Concealed 10 680
Coal blossom, No. 2 Gas, on bench (1820' B.) 6 686
Concealed 26 710
Sandstone, Brownstown 26 736
Concealed 8.8 744
Shale , 2 747
Sandstone : 6 762
Concealed 2 764
Coal, soft, Matewanf, (12" visible), with 1"
gray shale, 6" from bottom 1 766
Shale 16 770 26'
Concealed, should hold Eagle Coal near top 66 836
Shale, sandy, flaggy, buff 16 860
Concealed 10 860
Sandstone 6 866
Shale 6 870
Slate, black, Eagle 10 880 110'
Concealed, bench 6 886
Shale, buff 6 890
Sandstone, coarse, Upper Gilbert 30 920
Concealed 14.6 934.6
Coal, Glenalum Tunnel, soft, gas, visible 6" 0.6 936 66'
Fire clay shale 6 940
Shale, buff, dark, sandy, and flaggy 36 976
Shale, Gilbert, black, sandy layers with
typical "Mt Carbon" and **Dorothy" Lime-stone
pelecypod fossils and Liingulae 8 983
Slate, cannef, black, plant fossils and fruit
of same, abundant 2 9te
West Virginia Geological Survey. I73
hill road on the latter stream, practically on the strike of the strata :
Mulvane — 1 Mile Southwest Section, Mountain Cove District.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. Kanawha Group (740^)
Sandstone, Williamson, green, micaceous, current-bedded, from top of knob 45 45
Concealed in bench, Williamson Coal horizon 10 55 55'
Sandstone, Upper Cedar Grove, green, micaceous, current-bedded, making cliff 65 120
Concealed, steep slope 10 130 75'
Concealed, in bench, Cedar Grove Coal
horizon , 10 140
Concealed, steep slope, mostly green, micaceous, current-bedded sandstone 20. 160
Concealed in bench 15 175
Concealed, should hold No. 2 Gas Coal near middle. 60 235 105'
Sandstone, ooarse, br,own, Brownstown. . . . 55 290
«hale, sandy 15 306
Concealed 20 325
Coal blossom, Powellton 325
Shale, sandy 20 345
Coal, medium-soft 1' 0'
Bone, 2" to 0 3
Shale, 2" to 0 3
Coal, medium-soft 3 3
Concealed ". 15 365
Coal blossom, trace 365
Shale, buff, sandy 39 404
Shale 5 410
Concealed , 20 430
Concealed, mostly black, sandy shale 5 435
Slate, black. Eagle, marine fossils (1735' B.) 5 440 35'
Concealed and shale 5 445
Sandstone, concealed, brown, friable, Upper
Gilbert 50 495
Concealed 10 505
Shale, Miff, sandy 20 525
Concealed, should hold Gilbert Coal horizon 10 535 95'
Shale, black, siliceous 15 550
Shale, buff, sandy 50 600
Concealed 24 624
Concealed ... 0' 2"
Shale, gray... 0 6 10" Douglas Coal 1 625 90'
Coal, slaty... 0 3 J
Shale, buff, sandy 5 630
Sandstone, Lower Dotson, soft, coarse,
brown, friable 40 670
11
t'
'■.
174 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Sandstone, shaly 20 690
* Concealed 6 695
Sandstone 6 700
Concealed 10 710
Shale, sandy 10 720
Shale, black, Douglas 10 730
Concealed to top Upper Nuttall Sandstone, 0.9 mile northeast of Victor P. O., and
base Kanawha Group 10 740 115'
Special Sections, Nuttall District.
Nuttall District also lies on the north side of New River, immediately east of Mountain Cove District. Its outcropping rocks belong mostly in the Kanawha and New River Groups of the Pottsville, although New River has cut down almost through the Pocahontas Group in the southwest margin.
In the northern point of the District the author measured the following section with aneroid northeastward along the hill road to the top of the Nuttall Heirs Coal Test Boring — No. 18 on Map II, on the west bank of Meadow River, 0.2 mile northwest of Shawver Bridge and just below the mouth of Hedricks Creek. The Survey was unable to obtain the log of this boring to make the section more complete. Results are greater than they should be on account of a dip in the strata of 45 to 50 feet between the top and bottom exposures :
Shawver Bridge Section, Nuttall District.
Thickness. Feet. New River Group (346')
Sandstone, Upper Nuttall, grayish-white and pink, upper part, to road summit. . . . 100
Shale, buff, sandy, and concealed 16
Sandstone, grayish-white, conglomeratic, massive, making great cliff. Lower Nuttall (60' visible) 110
Concealed and shale 5
Sandstone, current-bedded 6
Shale, dark, sandy, flaggy 14
Concealed 20
Shale, dark, siliceous, laminated 16
Concealed 26
Total. Feet.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 17$
Thickness. IVital. Feet. Feet Sandstone, Guyantlot, current-bedded, grayish-white and brown 10 820
Concealed to Coal Test Boring No. 18 on
Map II 25 845 85'
Slightly over 4j4 miles southeastward up Meadow River the author measured the following section with aneroid in the edge of Nicholas County from the road summit, 0.8 mile northeast of Miller P. O., southwestward along the hill road to the bed of the latter River just below the mouth of Youngs Creek, practicanj*- on the strike ol tks rocks :
Miller Section, Nicholas County.
Thickness. Total.
New River Group (440') Feet. Feet. Sandstone, Lower Nuttall, massive, grayish-white, cliff, small pebbles, from road summit (2307' L.) 1 mile northeast of
Miller P. 0 100 100 100'
Concealed in bench 15 115
Concealed 15 130
Sandstone, broken 10 140
Concealed 5 145
Shale, gray, argillaceuos 5 150
Shale, bluish-black 5 155
Shale, buff, sandy 15 170
Concealed 59.5 229.5
Fire clay shale 1 231
Sandstone, current-bedded, grayish-white. 19 250
Concealed 65 815
Sandstone, grayish-white, hard, Guyandot. . 40 355
Concealed 5 360
Shale, buff and dark 5 365
Sandstone, grayish-white, hard. Lower Guy.
andot 22 387
Shale, buff 5 392
Coal, soft, Sewell, upper bench 1.5 393.5 163.5'
Concealed 8.5 402
Shale, brown and sandy 10.8 412.8
Coal, eoft, Sewell, lower bencii, (Exposure
No. 468 on Map 11) (1900' B.) 2.2 415 21.5'
Shale, buff 10 425
Concealed to Meadow River at bridge, Just
below mouth of Toungs Creek 15 440 25'
Two and a half miles southward on the eastern edge of the same District (Nuttall), the following succession of the strata is obtained by combining a section measured with aner-
'< !
11
. I
1 i
;
i
I
i .
i !
Mi!
i
i '.
11
lii
Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Old by the author eastward down the west hillside of Meadow River, just below Ru§sellville, with the detailed log of the Mrs. E. T. Martin Coal Test Boring— No. 26 on Map II— located on the east side of the latter stream, 0.1 mile east of the mouth of Brackens Creek, in the edge of Greenbrier County, the record of which was kindly furnished the Survey by Samuel Stephenson of Charleston, West Virginia :
Russellville Section, Nuttall District.
Thickness. Ft In New River Group (676' 3")
Concealed in gentle slope with small, hard» grayish-white boulders from summit of hill 65 0
Concealed in bench 10 0
Sandstone, grayish-white 20 0
Concealed in bench 15 0
Sandstone, current-bedded, grayish-white, Guyandot 30 0
Concealed, mostly sandstone 25 0
Shale, buff, sandy 20 0
Coal, Sewell "B" and concealed.. 10 0 195 0 195'
Concealed 5 0
Sandstone, current-bedded. Lower
Guyandot 25 0
Concealed 3 6
Concealed, steep slope, mostly
sandstone 46 0
Concealed, gentle slope 25 0
Concealed, steep slope 10 0 316 0 85'
Sandstone, grayish-white, making
cliff. Upper Raleigh 45 0
Concealed to top of coal boring. . 5 0 365 0 60' (Continued with log of Mrs. E. T. Martin Boring No. 26 on Map II) (Elevation top of hole— 1930' B ) *
Surface 10 0 375 0
Sandstone, Upper Raleigh 10 0 385 0
Slate, gray 57 0 442 0 77'
Bone, LiUle Raleigh Coal 0 4 442 4
Sandstone, hard, Lower Raleigh.. 26 0 468 4
Slate, gray 66 3 533 7
Shale, dark, sandy 17 10 551 5
Slate, gray 27 6 578 10
Sandstone and shale 4 7 583 5
Sandstone, Quinnlmont 40 7 624 0
Sandstone, pebbly 2 0 626 0
Total.
65
0
75
0
95
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
West Virginia Geological Survey. I77
ess.
Total.
In.
Ft. In
0
6
8
5
2
8
5
2
2
0
1
« Sandstone to horizon of Fire Creek
Coal 2 0 628 0 186'
Bastard fire clay 3
Sand shale 10
Slate, gray 12
Slate, black 1
Coal, dirty, Little Fire Creek 18 657 5 29' b"
Bastard fire clay 1
Sandstone, PIneviile 11
Bastard fire clay 2
Sandstone : 3 1 676 3 18' 10"
Shale, dark, 1 Flattop
sandy 6' 6" I Mountain
Sandstone ... 4 0
Shale, dark, sandy, to horizon of
No. 7 Pocahontas Coal 5 9 699 1
Bastard fire clay 1 10 700 11
Shale, sandy 15 4 716 3
Slate, black. Royal Shale 11 726 8
Coal, No. 6 Pocahontas (No. 3 Pocahontas?) 2 5 729 1 52' 10"
Bastard fire clay 2 0 731 1
Sandstone to bottom of hole 1 11 733 0 3' 11"
Four miles westward in the same District, the author measured the following section from the top of "Spy Rock" — a Lower Nuttall Sandstone cliff exposure — southeastward along the hill road to the road fork at Divide and thence southwest along a hill road to the crop of the Sewell Coal. There is probably not over 10 to IS feet difference in structural level of the top and bottom exposures of the section, so the results represent almost vertical determinations :
Divide Section, Nuttall District.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall, grayish-white,
making cliff 20 20
Shale, huff 14.1 34.1
Coal, Hughes Ferry, 10" with %" gray slate
4" above base 0.9 35 35'
Rre clay shale 5 40
178 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Sandstone with shale layer 35 76
Shale, huff, sandy 25 100
Concealed and shale 15 115 80'
Sandstone, grajrlsh-white, current-bedded.. 45 160
Shale, buff 15 175
Sandstone, Harvey, graylsh-whlte, current-bedded, ripple-marked 70 245
Shale, buff and dark 10 255 140'
Sandstone, Guyandot, grayish-white, current-bedded, to road fork 25 280
Concealed 66.3 346.3
Coal, soft, columnar 3' 6" "I Coal, slaty, (shale j-Sewefl
Slightly less than 2 miles farther to the southwest, the author measured the following section with aneroid southeastward down the north hillside of Keeney along the hill road to the road fork at Winona. Here the results are much less than they should be, owing to a rise of about 100 feet in the strata between the top and bottom exposures of the section:
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall, grayish-white,
pebbly, making cliff 55 55
Concealed 60 115
Shale, buff 5 120
Slate, black, plant fossils 10 130 130'
Concealed and shale 5 135
Sandstone, grayish-white, massive, making
cliff, Harvey Conglomerate 50 185
Concealed 9 194
Coal blossom, Castle 1 195 65'
Shale and sandstone 25 220
Concealed in steep slope, mostly sandstone 20 240
Concealed in gentle slope 35 275
Sandstone, soft, brown, Lower Guyandot. . . 21.8 296.8
Coal, soft 2' 7"!
Sewell (2075'B.) 3.2 300 105' Coal and slate mixed 0 7 J
Fire clay shale and buff, sandy shale 10 310
Sandstone, shaly and flaggy 15 325
Concealed 20 345 45'
Sandstone, Upper Raleigh, graylsh-wfaite,
visible 35 380
Concealed to road fork at Winona 60 440 95'
West Virginia Geological Survey. I79
In the southwest comer of Nuttall District the author measured the following section with aneroid from the top of the great Lower Nuttall Sandstone cliff down the northeast hillside of New River via Mine No. 109 on Map II in the Sewell Coal, mostly along the hill road leading from Edmond to Nuttallburg. That portion above the Sewell Coal represents almost vertical measurements, as the results were determined from exposures directly above the opening :
Nuttallburg Section, Nuttall District
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. New River and Pocahontae Groupe (986') * Sandstone, Lower Nuttall, massive, conglomeratic, quartzltic, grayish-white, making cliff 100 100 100*
Concealed, mostly shale 105 205 .
Sandstone, Harvey, current-bedded, medium-grained, grayish-white, hard, making
cliff, somewhat flaggy 65 270
Shale, brown and dark, sandy 45 815
Sandstone 5 320
Shale and concealed 15 335
Sandstone, Guyandot 21 356
Shale, dark, argillaceous 2.9 358.9
Coal (1") Sewell "B" 0.1 359 259'
Shale, dark 6 365
Sandstone, platy, shaly top. Lower Guyan.
dot J 24.2 889.2
Bony cannel 0' 6
Slate, black, cannelly 1 11
Bony cannel 0 7
Coal, soft 2 9
Shale .' 5 400
Sandstone, Welch, broken, current-bedded,
making cliff 30 430
Shale, buff, sandy 15 445
Concealed 12 457
Slate, black, iron ore nodules 8 460
Concealed 30 490
Shale 5 495 lOO'
Sandstone, Upper Raleigh, grayish-yrhite,
pebbly, making great cliffs 50 545
Shale, green and buff, sandy, iron ore nodules 10 555
Sandstone, Lower Raleigh, grayish-white,
current-bedded 35 590
Concealed and shale 14.5 604.5
Concealed in bench at extreme west bend in road 15 620
l80 STRATIGRAPHY — SPECIAL SECTIONS.
Thickness. Total
Feet. Feet Sandstone, Quinnimont, massive, quartzitic,
grayish-white, making cliff 35 656
Concealed 15 670
Shale, sandy, dark top 20 690
Concealed 70 760
Sandstone, grayish-white 10 770
Concealed 66 825
Sandstone, medium-grained, current-bedded 30 855
Shale, sandy 5 860
Concealed to C. & O. Railroad grade at
Special Sections, Fayetteville District.
In Fayetteville District the surface rocks belong mostly in the New River Group, although a large area of the Kanawha division of the Pottsville Series is represented in the western half and a narrow belt of the Mauch Chunk Series is exposed low down along the west valley wall of New River above Thurmond. In the northern point of the District the following section was measured with aneroid by the author from near the second-class road fork, 0.6 mile southwest of Cotton Hill, northeastward mostly along the hill road to the bed of New River at the mouth of Laurel Creek. The heavy Guyandot Sandstone has locally cut away the Sewell Coal:
Cotton Hill Section, Fayetteville District.
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, Upper Nuttall 125 125
Concealed to road fork 15 140
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall, grayish-white,
conglomeratic 70 210
Concealed, mostly shale 10 220
Sandstone, broken 15 235
Sandstone, and shale, dark, and shale,
sandy 66 290
Sandstone, platy 30 320
Concealed, mostly sandy shale 55 375
Sandstone, Guyandot, conglomeratic(835'B.) 50 425
Shale, dark 15 440
Shale, sandy, flaggy 20 460
Sandstone, Upper Raleigh, grayish-white,
conglomeratic, to bed of New River at
Cotton Hill 40 500
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. l8l
The following section was measured with hand-level by the author on the southwest hillside of New River along the hill road leading from South Fayette Station on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway to Fayetteville. The results represent almost vertical determinations, since the measuiements were made on exposures almost on the strike of the strata :
South Fayette Station Section, Fayetteville District.
Feet. Feet. New River and Pocahontas Groups (992^)
Concealed from summit of mountain road . . 14 14
Sandstone, Upper Nuttall, current-bedded,
slightly friable 88 102
Concealed, mostly shale 10 112
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall, massive, quartzitic
, conglomeratic, making great cliff... 88.5 200.6
Shale, bluish-gray and laminated top and
dark, slightly siliceous bottom 62 263
Concealed 9 272
Shale, buff, sandy 13 285
Shale, black, plant fossils abundant 2 287
Coai, gas, medium-soft. Lower larger?
Sandstone, Harvey, current-bedded, medium-grained, grayish-white 62 350
Coal, soft, 3" of top slaty, Castle (1474' L.) 0.5 350.5 62.6'
Shale 1.5 352
Sandstone 8 360
Shale, argillaceous, bluish-black to gray... 9 369
Sandstone, current-bedded, 1
medium-grained 37' I Guyandot . . 78 447
Sandstone, current-bedded 21 J
Sandstone, flaggy and slaty 29 476
Shale, Hartridge, buff, argillaceous, Ldngula
fossils, not abundant 5.7 481.7
Coal, Sewell, edge of road at road fork leading to Mine No. 120 on Map II (1341' L.) 3.3 485 134.5'
Fire clay shale 9 494
Sandstone, flaggy and shaly 5 499
Shale, laminated, dark-brown 29 528
Sandstone, Welch 8 536
Shale, gray 1 537
Coal, slaty 1'0"1
Shale, argillaceous 6 0 V Welch (1281' L.) . . 7.5 544.5 59.5'
Coal, slaty 0 6 J
Shale, sandy 5.5 550
Sandstone, Upper Raleigh, current-bedded,
grayish-white, medium-grained 28 678
Concealed 30 608
m
ri|!
1.
!li
il
I
11
ji:;
t! * ■•
hi:
Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
ThldLneBB. TVytal.
Coal (3') Little Raleigh, (1217'!..) 1 609 64.6'
Concealed 46 655
Sandstone, Lower Raleigh, massive, grayish-white and hrown; quartzitic, iron ore
nodules abundant in basal foot 77 732
Shale, bluish-black, sandy 14 746
Coal and slate mixed, Beckley, Calamite
Sandstone 4 752
Shale, sandy, brownish-gray 16 768
Shale, sandy, greenish, with dark layers . . 21 794 Shale, dark, argillaceous, plant fossils abundant .3 797
Coal and slate mixed. Fire Creek (1029" L.) 0.7 797.7 49.7'
Shale, green, sandy 4.3 802
Sandstone, PInevllle, broken, medium-grained, quartzitic, making great cliff... 102 904
Shale, greenish-gray, sandy 5 909
Slate, bluish-black 2.5 911.5
probably Royal Shale horizon 0.5 912 114.8'
Shale, sandy, to C. & O. R. R. grade South
Shale, sandy, to well mouth (27 on Map II) 13 931 (Continued— Water Well No. 27 on Map
by G. W. Atkinson, a coal miner) 6 992 80'
The following succession of the strata is obtained by combining a section measured with aneroid by the author from Opening No. 412. on Map II in the Little Eagle Coal, 0.9 mile west of the road crossing of Marr Branch, southeastward along the private road, with the log of a Hawkins Land Co. Diamond Drill Boring — No. 29 on Map II, the details of which were furnished by C. E. Krebs, formerly of the State Survey Staff. In that portion above the top of the boring the intervals are less than they should be, owing to a southeast rise of 40 to 50 feet in the strata between the Little Eagle Coal opening and the boring in question. The Eagle Limestone and Shale should belong in the concealed interval 46 feet below the top, as southward along the east side of this ridge to the Raleigh County Line this marine fossiliferous zone belongs directly over the first heavy, massive, coarse, brown and friable sandstone ledge (Lower War Eagle) below the Little Eagle
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Coal and at an interval of 75 to 90 feet below the latter bed. The coal at the opening in question has the same character and bed section as at the old Beechwood Mine of the Stuart Colliery Co. — No. 93 on Map II — 4.7 miles southwestward, near Parral, details of which are given on a subsequent page in Chapter XI, so that there is no doubt as to the correlations of the upper members of the section :
Fayetteville— 1.5 Miles Northwest Section, * Fayettevillc District.
Thickness. Ft. In. Kanawha Group (407' 3'')
Sandstone, Deeota, current-'bedded
, coarse, brown, micaceous . . 8 4 Coal, gas, medlomeoft .... 4"to0'5''
Opening No. 412 on Map
n
Slate, black,
siliceous S too 3 Coal, soft, columnar 22 to 2 0
Fire clay shale, grayish-white 2 0
Concealed 28 0
Shale, buff, sandy 10 0
Concealed (holding Bagle Limestone and Shale) 25 0
Sandstone, Lower War Eagle, coarse, friable, brown, micaceous 50 0
Concealed 34 0
Coal blossom, Lower War Eagle.. 1 0
Concealed 30 0
Shale, buff, sandy 56 0
Concealed and shale in bench 20 0
Sandstone, Dotson, massive, coarse ,
brown, friable 42 0
Concealed 25 0
Coal blossom, Douglas 0 0
Shale, fire clay 5 0
Concealed to top of boring 24 0
(Continued with log of Coal Test Boring No. 29 on Map II) (Eleya- Uon, 165<K B.)
Surface 8 4
Slate 11 11
Shale, Douglas 14 0
Sandstone . Coal, bony.
Total. Ft. In.
65
184 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Thickness. Total. Ft In. Ft. In. Slate with seam of coal. Lower
E>ougla8 2 2 404 8
Soapstone 2 7 407 3 18' y*
New River Group (479'7") Sandstone, gray 53' 6 "1 Slate, sandy. ... 4 5V6 | Sandstone, gray 18 {Upper Sandstone, gray, ^Nuttall 109 1% 516 4V6
seams of coal
and Are clay 11 3 Sandstone, gray 38 3
Slate : 8 0 624 4%
Fireclay 3 9 528 1%
Sandstone, gray, Lower Nuttall.. 121 3^ 649 6 242' 2"
Slate, seams of sandstone 10 10^ 660 3^
Slate 11 1% 671 5
Slate, with seams of coal, Lower
larger? 10 6 681 11
Slate, with seams of sandstone... 29 10 711 9 Sandstone, gray, Harvey Conglom- <
erate 47 8 759 5
Slate 15 9 775 2
Sandstone 1 11 777 1
Sandstone, gray 20' 2%" 1 Slate and seams |
of coal 11 3 I Guyan-
Sandstone, gray 6 11 !• dot.. 60 1 841 4
Slate 16 5%
Slate and sandstone 5 3
Coal, Sewell "B" 0 2 841 6 60' 3"
Fire clay 2 8 844 2
Slate 16 2 860 4
Slate and sandstone 11 3 871 7
Slate 7 0 878 7
Slate to bottom 4 0 886 10 4' 0"
The following section, measured with aneroid by the author on the west side of the same ridge from the trail knob summit, 0.6 mile southwest of Coal Test Boring No. 29 on Map II, northward along the trail leading down Sugar Creek, corroborates the correlations in the upper portion of the section last given. The intervals are excessive, owing to the northwest dip of the strata :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 185
Sugar Creek of Laurel Section, Fayetteville District.
Thickness. Total.
Concealed from trail summit 30 30
Sandstone 35 65
Concealed 99 164
Sandstone, Deeota 15 180
Concealed 15 195
Sandstone 6 201
Shale, sandy 1.5 202.5
Coal, gas, medl- 1 Little Eagle
um-soft 0' 7" I Coal (2015' B.) . . . . 2.6 206 ¥/
Coal, soft 1 10 J
Slate, concealed, and black slate. Eagle... 100 306 100' Sandstone, coarce^ brown. Lower War
Eagle 40 345
Concealed 10 355
Shale, buff, sandy 45 400
Sandstone , 5 405
Concealed, mostly buff shale 25 430 126'
Shale, buff, sandy 6 435
Sandstone, Dotson, coarse, friable, brown.. 63 498
Shale, buff 10 508 78'
Fire clay and shale, buff, sandy 15 523
Sandstone 15 538
Concealed 25 563
Shale, siliceous, buff, dark, laminated 45 608
Concealed and shale to base Kanawha
Group and top of Upper Nuttall Sandstone
Four miles southward in the same District (Fayetteville), the following succession of the strata is obtained by combining a section measured with aneroid by the author, southwestward from the summit of a high knob to the old Beechwood Mine — No. 93 on Map II — and thence southeastward mostly along trail to the top of the Hawkins Land Co. Coal Test Boring No. 9 — No. 38 on Map II — the details of which were furnished the Survey by C. E. Krebs of Charleston :
186 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Parral (Summerlee) Section, Fayetteville Diatrict
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Pt. In. Kanawha Group (61V1")
Sandattme and shale, and concealed from Bummit ot knob, 1 mile
northweat or Stuart 1J7 0 127 0
Sandstone, Eagle, visible 10 0 187 0
Coal, Eagle, at closed prospect,
eeveral tblck parting 13 0 IGO 0 ISO
Slate and concealed 3S 0 182 0
SandBtone, OacoU, visible 4 E 1S6 5
Coal, medl-
n-soft . . O* iH" Coal, s1Igh^
I7 bony... 0 1 ' Coal, medlum
-Boft .. 0 6U Bony black
slate 0 1
Coal, BO tt,
columnar. 2 8 Shale, buff, sandy..'
Concealed 8 0
Shale, hnlT 2 6
Sandstone, yel- 1
rlne fosslla I Limestone
Slate, gray 0 3 <224G'B.)
Slate, black 6 0 J
Coar, Little Cedar 0 3
Concealed, sliale and Are clay 4 9
Sandstone, coarfie, brown, friable,
Lower War Eagle 80 0
Concealed and Are clay G 0
Shale, buff and sandy IG 0
Concealed 2S 0
Sandstone, coarse, brown, friable.
Upper Gilbert GO 0
Concealed to top of Boring No. 38
on Map n £6 0
Land Co. No. 9 Boring — No. 38
Surface debris 8 10
Sandstone, Dotson 13 4
Slate 24 4
Coal, Douglas 0 1
Slate 1 8
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Sandstone, gray
Slate
Sandstone, gray, seams of slate. .. .
1
Thickness. Ft. In.
Total. Ft. In.
S
0
Lower Dotson .. Sandstone
Slate 47
New River Group (563' 2K2") Sandstone . 70' IW
Upper Nuttall . . Santfitone
Slate 1 11%
Slate 2 11%
Sandstone,
gray 17 7%
Slate 0 7%
Sandstone,
gray 40 3%
Slate
Fire clay
Slate
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall
Slate and sandstone
Slate
Slate and sandstone
Sandstone, gray, Middle larger?..
52
6%
4%
2%
8%
6
3
4%
3%
Slate 26 10%
Coal, Lower larger 7 0 6%
Slate and sandstone 27 6%
Sandstone, Harvey Conglomerate. 52 2%
Slate and sandstone 15 5%
Fire clay, horizon of Castle Coal
at top 5 0%
Slate 9 6%
Slate and sandstone, Guyandot... 10 11
Slate 10 8%
Coal, 8ewell "B" 0 8%
Slate and sandstone 10 11%
Slate 0 7%
Sandstone, gray 3 8%
Slate 1 11%
Sandstone, gray 0 8%
Slate 2 7%
Sandstone, gray 17 4%
Slate and sandstone 18 8%
Slate 1 0%
Coat Sewell "A" 0 10%
Slate 1 0
Sandstone, dark 5 8%
Sandstone, gray 8 7%
Slate 10 3%
Coal, Sewell 4 1
Slate to bottom of hole 8 9
1
6%
3
6%
6
6%
2
5%
6%
3%
29' 8%' 8' 9"
. Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Compensating for the northwest dip of the strata, the ■ing used in the above section should start about 430 feet ow the Little Eagle Coal, a figure that was used for the rral re^on in the Table of Intervals for the No. 2 Gas Coal I in Chapter III, pages 88-89. The section is very im- ■tant, in that tfie presence of the marine fossiliferous Bagle nestone and Shale, 85 feet below the coal at the old Beech-od Mine and 125 feet below the Eagle Coal, establishes the relation of the one mined at No. 93 on Map II as the Little gle seam. It also shows a degree of development for that tion of the Kanawha Group represented closely approach- : the maximum for these measures in Mingo and McDowell unties, as also the true position of the Dotson and Lower tson Sandstones of the latter area. One mile and a half southwestward in the same District author measured the following section along the hill road the east side of Loop Creek, 0.6 niile northwest of Bishop tion on the Vir^nian Railroad :
ighop — 0.6 Mile Northwest Section, Payetteville District.
Thickneea, Total,
nawha Group (237') Feet Feet. SandBtone, Lower War Eaglei coarse,
brown, concretionary 25 Z6
Concealed, mostly brown shale 15 40
Shale, black, buff and saodyb IE 56
Concealed 5 60 60-
Sandstone, Upper Gilbert, coar«e, brown,
friable, Iron ore band* 30 90
Concealed 5 BB
Shale, buff, brown and black, Interlamlnated
6B 150 90'
Sandatone, Dotaon, coarse, brown, and shale 33 183
Sandstone 10* 1
Concealed 20 V Lower Dotson 48.2 233.S
Slate, black ; 3
w River Group (G7') Sandatone, Upper Nuttall, to road tork 67
West Virginia Geological Survey. 189
The following succession of the strata is obtained by combining a section measured with aneroid by the author from the summit of the high knob, 1 mile S. 60° W. of Carlisle, northeastward to the road summit at the low gap on head of Righthand Fork of Mossy Creek, and thence eastward along the hill road to the top of Carlisle Shaft — Mine No. 158 on Map II — with a partial log of the shaft. The strata are so nearly horizontal between the summit of the knob and the shaft that the measurements represent practically vertical determinations. The interval for the Sewell Coal below the top of The New River Group is much increased over that prevailing in the Ansted — Hawks Nest region of Fayette County, but is in closer agreement with the results obtained in the Parral Section, published on a preceding page :
Carlisle Section, Fayetteville District.
Thickness. Total.
Kanawha Group (60(K) Feet Feet. Concealed in steep slope from summit of
knob 110 110
Concealed in bench with fragment of black
slate, Eagle 25 135 135'
Sandstone, medium-grained, grayish-brown. 25 160
Concealed in bench 5 165
Concealed, mostly sandstone, brown, hard,
and shale, argillaceous 97 262
Coal, Glanalum Tunnel, at M. P. Maloney
opening, closed, reported 3 265 130'
Concealed 30 295
Concealed, mostly buff, sandy shale 100 395 130'
Sandstone, coarse, friable, brown, Lower
Gilbert 35 430
Concealed 5 435
Shale, black, Gilbert 10 445
Concealed to road fork 15 460 65'
Sandstone, coarse, brown, friable, Dotson . . 40 500
Shale, dark, sandy 5 505
Concealed 5 510
Shale, dark, buff, sandy 30 540
Concealed 15 555 95'
Sandstone, Lower Dotson, coarse, brown,
friable 30 585
Fire clay and concealed 10 595
Shale 5 600 45'
Iqo Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Concealed 5 )> Upper Nuttall 85 685 85'
Sandstone, coarse, j
Top Carlisle Shaft— Mine 158 on Map II
(Elevation top of shaft, 1790' B.)
Interval in shaft.. 440 1125
In the extreme southwest edge of Fayetteville District, the author measured with aneroid the following section from the summit of Potato Hill Knob, 2j4 miles northwest of Her-berton, the section being made up from observations on exposures on the north, northeast, east and southeast slopes of the knob and including the coals mined at Openings 55, 89, and 94 on Map II, in the No. 2 Gas, Eagle, and Glenalum Tunnel Coals, respectively:
Potato Hill Knob Section, Fayetteville District.
«ii
Sandstone, flaggy, from summit of Potato
HiU Knob 18.5
Sandstone, Upper Coalburg, current-bedded,
coarse, making cliff 50
Coal, Coalburg, not well exposed 5
Sandstone, current-bedded, coarse, brown,
making cliff 40
Concealed 5
Coal, blossom, Little Coalburg (3055'B.)... 5
Shale, fire clay, sandy 5
Sandstone 10
Coal, blossom, BufTalo Creek? 5
Concealed and shale 5
Sandstone, coarse, brown, Upper Winifreds 85
Concealed, with coal blossom, WInlfrede... 15
Sandstone, Lower Wlnifrede 40 .
Concealed in bench 10
Sandstone, platy, Lower WInlfrede 40
Shale, dark, argillaceous, almost mass of
marine fossils, many species, WInlfrede
or Indian Gap Limestone iiorlzon 10
Sandstone, coarse at bottom, platy at top,
brown, Upper Cliilton 85
Coal, gas, hard 1' 6" ] (Prospect closed, sec-
Total.
Feet.
16
65
70
,
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Shale and concealed 39
Coal, Hemshaw? at closed prospect, (reported 6 feet, with partings) 6
Concealed and sandstone 106
Coal, soft... <K6
Cedar Grove
Coal, medium-hard 3 8H
Slate and concealed'. 130
Coal blossom, heavy. Alma, in old tree grore 5
Slate and concealed 67
Coal, Peerless, at closed prospect, reported 3 feet thick, clean and hard, by Wm. Bailey 3
Concealed 3.3
Shale, huff, and black, argillaceous 15
Coal, soft, columnar 1' 8
Slate, dark-gray.... 0 1
Coal, soft, colunmar 0 6
0 r Branch Coal
7 J Company 6.7
6
Prospect No. 358 on Map II) Pow-elton (6' 4")..
Coal, medium-hard,
columnar 2
Coal, soft, columnar 1
Shale, gray 0
Coal, soft, columnar 0
Slate, concealed, and sandy shale 58.7
Coal, soft, columnar V 9' Shale, gray, sandy. . 1 6 Coal, soft, columnar 2 10
Slate, gray 0 1
Coal 0 2
Slate and concealed 94.5
Sandstone '25
Coal, soft.. 0'7"1
Slate, black 1 6 Eagle ''Rider" 3.2
Coal, slaty.. 1 2 J
Shale, buff, sandy, with Iron ore nodules . . 8
Coal, soft, columnar V lO'' 1 Eagle,
Shale, gray, 2" to. . . 0 4 \ (Mine 89 on
Coal, soft, columnar 2 1 J Map 11) (4'3'0 4.3
Slate and concealed 45
Sandstone, shaly and flaggy, and shale,
brown and sandy 50
Shale, black. Eagle, marine fossils 10
Fire clay shale, Little Cedar Coal horizon 1
Shale, dark, sandy 19
Sandstone, coarse, brown, Lower War Eagle 50
Concealed 50
Sandstone, coarse, brown. Upper Gilbert.. 30
Concealed 16.7
Shale, visible 1
Coal, soft, columnar, Glenalum Tunnel
Concealed • 55
ToUL Feet 424
i : I
11
192 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Shale, buff 4 1304
Slate 5 1310
Concealed 170 1500 195'
Sandstone, Upper Nuttail, and concealed.. 100 1600
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall 100 1700
Interval to Sewell Coal, estimated 260 1960 460'
In the above, the intervals in that portion below the Eagle Shale are less than they should be, owing to the southeastward rise of the strata. The section is very important in that two marine fossil horizons — ^Winifrede Limestone and Eagle Shale — are shown, the former apparently belonging directly over the Upper Chilton Sandstone, instead of at the base, as heretofore tentatively placed. In conjunction with the section given below for Herberton, it also demonstrates the fact that the bed operated by the Long Branch Coal Company and the Willis Branch Coal Company at Mines Nos. 55 and 56 on Map II, respectively, correlates with the No. 2 Gas Coal instead of the Alma as given by Krebs in the Detailed Geological Report of Raleigh County, page 409. The latter coal belongs 85 to 100 feet higher in the measures as also shown in the following revised section for the Herberton region over that given by Krebs in the last-mentioned Report, pages 66-8. This section was measured with aneroid from the summit of the high knob, 1.5 miles west of Herberton on the Raleigh-Fayette County Line northward to the base of an opening in the No. 2 Gas Coal, projected from Mine No. 56 on Map II. That portion below this bed was measured from the main opening farther east largely with hand-level eastward from the latter mine mostly along the incline to a connection with the top of Coal Test Boring No. 62 on Map II, located slightly less than 200 feet S. 25° W. from the top of the Weirwood Shaft Mine — No. 174 on Map II. Qf that portion of the Kanawha Group present, the section shows a development only about 300 feet less in thickness than the maximum represented in the State in the Counties of Mingo and McDowell. In that portion between the base of the No. 2 Gas Coal and the top of the Upper Nuttall Sandstone, the intervals are slightly less than
PLATE vn(a). — Looking due norOi across the valley of Sewell Creek
at Myles Knob o( Sewell Mountain on aky-line, Blowing
topoeraphy of New River and Pocahontas Groui)fi
and Mauch Chunk Series, the cultivated
fields beln£ In tlie latter.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
they should be, owing to an eastern rise of the strata of about 40 feet between the exposures of these members. The "Kidd" seam, erronously correlated as the Lower War Eagle on page 342 of Volume 11(A) of the State Survey Reports, belongs about 280 feet lower in the measures and represents the Douglas Coal of McDowell County. This section, as also those for Potato Hill Knob and Parral, published on preceding pages, shows that the Dotson and Lower Dotson Sandstones and the Douglas and Lower Douglas Coals belong in the Kanawha Group instead of the New River division of the Pottsville Series:
Herberton (Willis Branch) Section, Fayetteville District
Sandstone, shale, concealed, and sandstone
from top of knob at southwest point of
PayettevUle District 203.7
Sandstone, Peerleaa 6
Shale, gray 0 6
Coat, slaty 0 2
Shale, gray 0 2
Coal, soft, 2" to 0 3
Shale, gray 0 3
Coal, soft 0 2
Coal and slate mixed 0 8 Coal, soft, columnar 2 0 * Coal, soft, with thin
slate streaks 2 0
Slate and concealed 41.5
Shale, buff, sandy 2
Coal, medium.hard, gas. Peerless (2' 9") ... 2.8
Slate and concealed 16
Shale, argillaceous 15
Coal, soft, columnar... 0' 7 "} Slate, dark, lenticular,
0" to 0 0%
Coal, soft, columnar. . . 0 10^ Slate, dark-gray. %" to. 0 1 Coal, soft, columnar, 2"
to 0
Slate, dark-gray 0
Coal, soft, columnar. ... 4
Slate, gray, 1" to 0
Coal, soft, columnar, 4"
to 0
Slate and concealed 26.8
Coal, Lower Campbell Creek, at closed
prospect, reported 39" thick and clean, by
Thos. Laing 3.2
6
Total. Feet.
i
k
i
I.
J' i '
Mi
'/I'll f *.
. i iJ
r
I
i i-
I '
194 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Thicknees. Feet. Slate and concealed, mostly sandstone,
Brownstown 46.7
Sandstone, flaggy 3
Coal, soft, columnar 0' 2H Slate, black, bony,
2" to 0 2%
Coal, soft, columnar 1 3
(Prospect No. 359 on Map II) ' (5' 3") Powell-ton (269&'B.)
I
Shale, gray, argillaceous, with coal streaks at base. . 1 2 Coal, soft, columnar 2 6 J
Slate and concealed 15
Sandstone 55
Shale, sandy 4.8
Sandstone, massive, coarse-grained. Mate-wan and Eagle 84.6
Shale, dark, sandy, Calamlte and other
plant fossils abundant 2
Coal, soft, columnar 1' S** ] (Mine No. 90 on
"Mother" coal 0 1 VMap II) Eagle 3.4
Coal, soft, columnar 1 10 J (3' 5") (2476' L.)
Shale, sandy and concealed 54
Sandstone and sandy shale, dark, laminated 81
Shale, dark 13' 1
rine fossils abundant 1 | Shale 34
Shale, dark 19 J
Fire clay shale, soft, dark-gray 3
Shale, sandy 30
Coal, Little Cedar, medium-hard, "peacock" lustre 2
Fire clay shale 3
Shale, sandy 33.4
Shale, dark. 2
Shale, black, cannelly, LIngula fossil shells
abundant
Coal, soft, columnar 1' 2" ]
Fire clay shale 1
Sandstone, Upper Gilbert 59
Shale, sandy 1.6
Coal, soft, colunnnar, Qlenalum Tunnel
Sandstone, Lower Gilbert 25
Shale, buff, sandy 49.8
Coal, 2" 0.2
Shale, buff, sandy 35
Coal, soft, Gilbert "A" (15") to 1
Sandstone, green, micaceous 20
Coal, Gilbert 1
Fire clay shale 1
Total. Feet.
1 the following: section Ihor mostly along the ep eastern valley wall he top of the Upper le old abandoned Mine bed, 0.3 mile east of of the sandstone mcn-to a dip of over 100 of the ledge and that
f.-il
w
Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
highest knobs and ridges along the northwest border are capped with basal members of the Kanawha Group. In the western edge the upper beds of the Mauch Chunk Series rise above drainage low down in the gorge of New River southward from the mouth of Manns Creek to near Beury, and in the eastern edge of the District low down on the valley walls of Sewell Creek northeastward from Sievy Bridge and on Wolfpen Creek westward from Rainelle. Several sections will now be given successively southward along the gorge of New River, the first below having been measured with aneroid by the author southwestward via Mines Nos. 112 and 113 on Map II in the Sewell Coal, mostly along the hill road to the bed of New River at the mouth of Manns Creek. The intervals are excessive owing to a dip of about 100 feet in the strata between the top and bottom exposures of the section :
Manns Creek — Mouth of — Section, Sewell Mountain District.
Concealed from road summit 40
Sandstone, Guyandot 75
Concealed 79
Shale 1.5
Slate, gray, and concealed, mostly sandy
shale 40
Sandstone, Upper Raleigh, making great
cliff
Concealed and dark, laminated shale
Sandstone, Quinnimont, massive, making
cliff, with iron ore nodules and coal spars Shale, brown and black,
laminated, pencil — 15'
Concealed 5
Shale, brown and black
mixed, laminated,
pencil 35 J
Concealed 5
Shale, buff 4.7
Coal, slaty 0.8
Shale, buff 5
Concealed 5
Shale, buff, sandy 35
Concealed 15
Coal, blossom, trace, Little Fire Creek
Shale 5
Quinnimont
35
55
Total. Feet, 40
West Virginia Geological Survey. I97
Thlckaess. TotaL
Feet. Feet.
Sandstone, grayish-white and hard 5 565
Concealed and shale 10 575
Sandstone 26 600
Shale, buff, sandy, laminated 25 625 70'
Sandstone, current-bedded, coarse to medium-grained, making cliff, Pineville 75 700
Concealed 30 730 106'
Sandstone, current-bedded, medium-grained,
making cliff, Flattop Mountain 38 768
Shale, gray, Royal 1.8 769.8
Coal 0'2''l
Concealed and coal No. 6
blossom 8 8 Pocahontas? .. 10.2 780 50'
Shale, gray 1 0 No. 3?
Coal 0 4
Shale 5
Sandstone, current-bedded 35
Shale, buff, siliceous '. 16
Sandstone, current-bedded, medium-grained,
gray, making cliff 26
Concealed 5
Shale, black, siliceous, laminated 15
Sandstone 6
Shale, bluish-black, siliceous 4
Sandstone 1
Concealed 60
Concealed 60
Sandstone, greenish, broken, making cliff,
mouth of Manns Creek 75
Concealed to New River, mouth of Manns
Creek 60
One and one-fourth miles southward the following section was measured with aneroid by the author mostly along the gorge of the run flowing down the steep eastern valley wall of New River. That portion above the top of the Upper Raleigh Sandstone was determined at the old abandoned Mine No. 175 on Map II in the Sewell Coal bed, 0.3 mile east of Sewell. In that portion below the top of the sandstone mentioned the results are excessive, owing to a dip of over 100 feet in the strata between the exposure of the ledge and that for the base of the section :
■
i
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if
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Stratigraphy — ^Special Sections.
Sewell — 0.9 Mile South Section, Sewell Mountain District
Thickness. Total.
New River and Pocahontas Groups (865') Feet. Feet. Coai, Sewell, (3' to 5') (Mine No. 176 on
Shale and concealed, mostly shale 70 76
Sandstone, current-bedded, quartzitic, pebbly, great cliff, Upper Raleigh 76 160
Concealed 16 166
Sandstone, massive, quartzitic, grayish-white, making cliff. Lower Raleigh 66 230
Concealed and coal blossom, Beckley 10 240 240'
Concealed 10 260
Shale, dark 6 266
Concealed 120 376
Sandstone 6 3S0
Concealed 10 390
Shale 6 396 166'
Sandstone, current-headed, gray, makhi-g
great cliff, PlnevHIe 90 486
Shale 6 490
Concealed 76 666
Sandstone 3.2 668.2
Coal, slaty 1 8 J No. 6 Pocahontas? No. 37 1.8 670 176'
Sandstone, broken and shaly 20 690
Concealed 26 616
Sandstone, grayish-white and hard 20 636
Concealed 130 766
Shale, greenish, with iron ore nodules and
layers of thin sandstones 26 790
Sandstone, current-bedded, grayish-white.. 76 866 296' Mauch Chunk Serlee? (106')
Shale, sandy and flaggy, hard 40 906
Sandstone, greenish, micaceous, making cliff 26 930 Concealed to C. & O. R. R. grade at Bast
SeweU Station 1 40 970 106'
The basal 105 feet of the above section appear to belong in the Mauch Chunk Series, since the sandstone at 905 feet from the top resembles ledges in these measures, and the interval (820* — corrected for dip) below the Sewell Coal tends to confirm this hypothesis. In fact the top of the series may be 100 feet higher. However, no red beds were observed.
Two miles southwestward in the same District (Sewell Mountain) the author measured the following section with aneroid on the same hillside of New River northward via Mines Nos. 176 and 196 on Map II in the Sewell and Fire Creek Coal beds, respectively, and thence northeastward along the hill road to New River at Beury. In that portion above the
West Virginia Geological Survey. I99
latter coal the results are excessive, due to a dip of 40 to 50 feet in the strata between the top member and this coal, but the intervals below the latter were determined almost along the strike :
Beury Section, Sewell Mountain District
Thickness. Total.
New River Group (475') Feet. Feet. Coal, Sewell, (at Mine No. 176 on Map II)
Shale and concealed, mostly black siliceous
shale : 66 70 70'
Sandetonev Upper Raleigh, quartzltic, current
-headed, grayish-white, making great
cliff 100 170
Coal, Little Raleigh ''A", slaty, lenticular.. 0.5 170.5
Sandstone 1.5 173
Concealed 3 175
Slate, black, with Lingula fossil shells 5 180
Concealed 10 190 120'
Sandstone, current-bedded, grayish-white.
Lower Raleigh 45 235
Concealed 65 300
Sandstone, flaggy, making cllfT, Quinnimont 61.9 361.9
Coal, very soft, columnar 1' lO''
Coal, soft 1 3
Shale, sandy and concealed 25 390
Shale, sandy, dark 10 400
Sandstone, current-bedded, medium-grained,
Shale, sandy 1.5 459.5
Coal, slaty. No. 9 PocahonUs? 0.5 460 95'
Shale, sandy and flaggy 13.7 473.7
Coal, slaty, No. 8 Pocahontas? 1.3 475 15'
Sandstone, shaly at top and hard and current-bedded, basal %rds, making great .
cliff. Flattop MounUin? 64.8 539.8
Coal, (2") No. 7 Pocahontas? 0.2 540 65'
Shale 1 541
Concealed 5 546
Shale, black. Royal 8 554
Coal, soft, No. 6 Pocahontas?, No. 37 1 555 15'
Shale gray 2 557
Sandstone, current-bedded, gray, Eckman? 48 605
Shale, bluff, sandy 5 610
Sandstone, massive 6 616
Concealed 4 620
Sandstone, flaggy 25 645
Shale, dark, gray, sandy 5 650
Concealed and dark shale 55 705
Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
ThickneflB. Tot&L
Feet. FeeL udBtone, m&Bstve, medlmn-gTaliied, green-lih
-gray 66 770
incealed 5 776
indetone, O&ggy 40 816
nicealed to C. ft O. R. R. grade at Benry
racealed to New River 30 890 336'
n the above section the division line between the Poca-is Group and the Mauch Chunk Series may belong in the :t of concealed interval at the base. No characteristic red of the latter measures were observed, ught miles northeastward in Sewell Mountain District Lithor measured with aneroid the following section south-vard along the road and trail to the top of Coal Teat Bor-fo. 97 on Map II located }i mile southward from Ravens-on the south bank and 5 feet above the bed of Manns :. The detailed log of this boring was not obtained, but ;pth and thickness of the Fire Creek Coal are ^ven on the irity of R. M. Smith, General Manager, Babcock Coal 'oke Company, of Landisburg, Fayette County :
Ravenseye Section, Sewell Mountain District.
ThlcknesB. Total, tlvar Group <61B.2') indstone, Krayisbwhite and hard, Guyan-
•ncealed 30 70
incealed In bench, Sewell Coal horizon
ncealed, steeper slope 46 126
indatone, grayfsh-white and hard. Upper
Raleigh 76 200
incealed to top of Coal Test Boring No.
B7 on Map 11. (elevation, 2430' B.) 90 290 210*
irecorded In Coal Boring No. 97 222 512
al. Fire Creek, (3' 2") 3.2 616.2 225.2'
n the northeastern edge of the same district (Sewell tain) the author measured the following section with id from the road summit, 1 mile north of Corliss, north-ard along the road and thence down the west hillside of ow^ River via Coal Opening No. 492 on Map II in the 1 Coal bed, practically along the strike of the strata :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 20I
Corliss — One Mile North Section, Sewell Mountain District.
Thickness. TotaL
New River and Pocahontas Groups (BW) Feet Feet. Sandstone, from road summit, 1 mile north
of Corliss, Harvey Conglomerate 20 20
Concealed 5 26
Shale, bufP, siliceous 15 40
Concealed 10 50
Sandstone 29 79
Slate, black 1 80
Shale, buff 22 102
Fire clay shale 3 105 105'
Concealed 5 110
Sandstone, grayish-white, Guyandot 60 170
Concealed 4.5 174.5
Coai, Sewell "B", at closed prospect, reported by J. B. Haynes 0.5 175 70'
Concealed in steep slope 80 255
Shale, naggy 3.5 258.5
Coal, Sewell, at Clyde Jones opening, clean, bright, with "peacock" lustre (2475' B.)
Concealed 52 285
Sandstone, grayish-white, Upper Raleigh,
malcing great cliff 60 345
Concealed 39.5 384.5
Coai, Little Raleigh, at closed prospect, reported by J. B. Haynes 0.5 385 125'
Concealed and sandstone 64 449
Coal, soft, Beckley 1 450 65'
Concealed in steep slope 20 470
Concealed in bench 20 490
Concealed in steep slope, mostly sandstone 85 575 Sandstone, pebbly, grayish-white, Quinnlmont
55 630
Concealed 5 635
Shale, gray 2.7 637.5
Coai, soft 0'7 "IFire Creek (at
Slate, black 0 0% } Prospect No. 544 2.8 640 190'
Slate and concealed 34.8 674.8
Coai blossom, Little Fire Creek 0.2 675 35'
Sandstone, Pinevliie, and concealed to Meadow River at foot of hill road, north
side, estimated 135 810 135'
Slightly over 2 miles southeastward the author measured with aneroid the following section eastward along the hill
road to Rader Ford across Meadow River, the results being much less than they should be, owing to the rapid rise of the strata in the same direction :
202 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Rader Ford of Meadow River Section, Sewdl
Mountain District.
Thickness. Total. New River and Pocahontas Groups (685") Feet. Feet. Sandstone, grayish-white, Harvey Conglomerate, from road summit 60 50
Concealed 83 133
(No. 247 on Map 11) reported 18" to 2 135 135'
Concealed 5 140
Sandstone, grayish-white 15 155
Concealed, mostly sandstone 60 215
Concealed on bench 10 225
Concealed, mostly grayish-white sandstone €0 285
Spring, Sewell Coal horizon 285 150'
Concealed 825 610 325'
Sandstone, Pineville, grayish-white, forms
great cliff 45 655
Concealed to Meadow River at Rader Ford 30 685 75'
Four miles farther southeastward the following section was measured with aneroid by the author. That portion above the top of the Upper Raleigh Sandstone was measured from the road fork at the schoolhouse at the southwest end of Myles Knob southeastward along the James River & Kanawha Turnpike ; and the balance, northeastward down the west hillside of Meadow River to the bed of the latter at Aldrich Camp, this portion being practically on the strike of the strata. The results, however, for the upper 173 feet of the section are less than they should be, owing to a rise of about 60 feet eastward of the rocks between the road fork and the crop of the Upper Raleigh Sandstone. The section is very important, in that it shows the true position in the rock column of the coal bed (No. 6 Pocahontas) that is being mined on a commercial scale at Mine No. 222 on Map 11; located 1 mile northward from Rainelle:
Ma3nvood-Aldrich Camp Section, Sewell Mountain District.
Thickness. Total.
New River and Pocahontas Groups (833') Feet Feet. Shale, flaggy and buff, from road fork
Coal, Seweli "B'' (No. 251 on IVIap It) 18" to 2 40 40'
Sandstone, flaggy 15 55
Concealed 5 60
West Virginia Geological Survey. 2Q3
Thicknees. Total.
Feet. I'eet.
Shale, dark and buff, laminated 10 70
Ccmcealed to road fork 13 83 43'
Shale, buff 20 138
Sandstone, platy and shaly, Welch 15 148
Shale, buff and sandy 19.7 167.7
Coal, Welch 0.3 168 85'
Shale, gray 5 173
Sandstone, grayish-white, making great .
cliff, east of Maywood, Upper Raleigh. . . 50 223
Concealed 315 538 370'
Sadnstone, PInevllle, grayish-white 50 588
Concealed 101 689
Coal, No. 6 Pocahontas, at closed opening
Lumber Company, reported clean and 48''
thick by W. F. Hall, Superintendent 4 693 155'
Interval to Meadow River at Aldrich Camp 140 833 140'
Slightly over 2 miles southwest of Maywood the following succession of the strata is obtained by combining a section measured with aneroid by the author southeastward along a road and trail, with the log of Coal Test Boring No. 112 on Map II, on the north bank of Glade Creek, 0.2 mile southeast of Sims Schoolhouse. The detailed log of this boring was kindly furnished the Survey by the New River and Pocahontas Coal & Coke Co., through their land agent, Mr. J. S. Cunningham of Charleston, along with 30 others drilled by them in Sewell Mountain and Quinnimont Districts, but permission was not granted to publish the thickness and details of the coal beds encountered in all of them, so that in the section the coal beds are given at base in combination with other members to conceal these data. It shows the No. 6 Pocahontas Coal belonging 150 feet below the Fire Creek bed. The intervals in that portion above the top of the boring are less than they should be owing to a rise to the southeast of about 75 feet in the strata between the top exposure and the boring:
Sims Schoolhouse Section, Sewell Motmtain District.
Thickness. Total. New River and Pocahontas Groups (817') Feet. Feet.
Sandstone and concealed 24 24
Coal blossom, Hughes Ferry 1 25 25'
204 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Thickness. Total
Feet. r'eet.
Concealed 70 130
Sandstone, grayish-white, Guyandot 46 175
Shale, buff, and sandy 6 180
Concealed 4.5 184.5 •
Concealed 55 240
Shale, dark 5 245
Concealed 10 255
Coal blossom, Sewell, and black slate
Shale and concealed 35 295
Sandstone and concealed in steep slope... 20 315
Sandstone 5 320
Concealed 10 330
Concealed in bench 10 340 80'
Sandstone, graylsh-white, quartzittc, making cliff, Upper Raleigh 45 385
Concealed 60 445
Sandstone, grayish-white, quartzitic. Lower Raleigh 40 485
Concealed to top of Coal Test Boring No.
(Continued with log of Coal Test Boring No. 112)
Shale and sandstone, alternating 102.6 637.6
Shale, dark, and coal. Fire Creek (2512' L.) 26.3 663.9 128.9'
Shale and coal, Little Fire Creek (2490' L.) 22 685.9
Shale and sandstone alternating 42.9 728.8
Sandstone, PIneville 32.4 761.2
Shale and sandstone alternating and coal,
No. 6 Pocahontas (2361' L.) 53.6 814.8 150.9'
Shale, dark, and soapstone 2.2 817 2.2'
Slightly over two miles southeastward in the southeastern edge of Sewell Mountain District, the author measured the following section with aneroid from the road fork on Sewell Mountain ridge, southeastward along the road and trail to the * bed of Sewell Creek at Sievy Bridge station on the Sewell Valley Railroad, the intervals here being much less than they should be, owing to a rise of about 160 feet in the strata eastward between the road fork and the basal exposure:
Sievy Bridge Station Section, Sewell Mountain District.
Thickness. Total. New River and Pocahontas Groups, Pottsvilte, Feet. Feet. Series (SSCK) Sandstone and concealed from road fork
Sandstone, grayish-white, making great clifT, Upper Raleigh 80 95
West Virginia Geological Survey. 20$
Thicknees. Feet.
Concealed 10
horizon 10
Concealed, in steep slope, mostly sandstone.
Lower Raieigh 93.5
Coal, Fire Creek, at closed prospect, (No.
549 on Map II), reported 18" (2985' B.).. 1.5
Concesded 25
Black slate, partly concealed 25
Concealed 24
Coal, slaty 1
Shale, gray 5
Concealed 30
Coal blossom, heavy. No. 6 Pocahontas,
Sandstone, grayish-white...; 85
Concealed 15.3
Sandstone 5
Coal, soft rs "1
Slate, black, %"to 0 0% (Opening No. 596 Coal, soft. 24" to 2 2% }• on Map II) (4' 8") 4.7
Bone, C"" to 0 8 No. 8 Pocahontas
Coal, soft, 4" to. . 0 6 J (2665' B.)
Slate and concealed 150
Shale, red, and concealed to bed of Sewell
Creek at Sievy Bridge 70 700 70'
Special Sections, Quinnimont District.
Quinnimont District lies in the extreme southeastern portion of Fayette County, its surface rocks belonging exclusively in the New River and Pocahontas Groups of the Pottsville and in the Mauch Chunk Series, writh the exception of some narrovir belts of Quaternary alluvial deposits along the valley floors of the larger streams. By far the greater portion of its outcropping strata is composed of New River strata, the Mauch Chunk beds being confined to narrow belts along the valley walls of New River and Meadow Creek and the adjacent portion of their tributaries, in the western and south-em borders, and the waters of Sewell Creek in the eastern region. Several sections will now be given along the New River gorge, the following having been measured with aneroid by the writer southward from the old abandoned Mine No. 202
Total.
Feet.
i
■ I
i.
"h
I
-•It
■f
f
r t
il
I;, 6
206 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
on Map II of the Alaska Coal & Coke Company in the Fire Creek Coal bed to New River at the mouth of Buffalo Creek. The results represent almost vertical determinations, as the southward rise in the strata between the mine and the river does not much exceed 25 feet. The base of the Pottsville has been placed tentatively at 549 feet from the top, but may belong in the concealed interval, 100 feet higher in the measures. The interval between the Fire Creek Coal and the first red beds at the top of the Mauch Chunk is so variable in this region that it can only be relied on within certain limits to fix the division plane between the latter series and the Pottsville when the same is not exposed for study :
Alaska — 0.8 Mile East Section, Quinnimont District.
Thickness. Total.
New River and Pocahontas Groups, Pottsville Feet. Feet
Series (649') Coal, Fire Creek, at Mine No. 202 on Map
Concealed 60 64
Sandstone, grayish-wtiite, Pinevtile 55 119
Concealed 95 214
Sandstone, grayish-white, current^bedded,
making great cliff 60 274
Concealed in steep slope, mostly sandy shale
and flaggy sandstone 200 474
cliff 75 549 549'
Concealed in steep slope 40 589
Concealed in wide, Mat bench 20 609
Concealed in steep slope 140 749
Reddish soil, strata concealed in steep slope 180 939 Concealed and red shale to C. & O. R. R.
grade, mouth of Buffalo Creek 135 1074
Concealed to New River 36 1110 561'
Five and a half miles southwestward in the edge of Raleigh County the following section was measured by Teets eastward down the steep valley wall of New River via Mine No. 205 on Map II in the Fire Creek Coal bed, 0.6 mile southwest of Terry, and published on pages 69-70 of the Raleigh County Report. The results represent almost vertical determinations and show that the marine fossiliferous Terry Limestone belongs 346 feet below the top of the Mauch Chunk Series and 12j4 feet below the base of the Princeton Conglomerate Sandstone:
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. KfJ
TtxTf Section, Town District, Raleigh County.
New River and PocaHontae Groups ThickneBs. Total.
Concealed 50 0 50 0
Slate and shale 9 0 59 0
Slate, dark.. 4 0 ^ Fire Creek 9 2 68 2 68' 2"
Coal 10 J
Slate, iron nodules 110 70 0
Sandstone, massive 50 0 120 0
Shale, sandy, and sandstone 70 0 19u 0
Sandstone, massive, medinm-grained
90 0 280 0
Concealed 60 0 340 0
Sandstone and concealed 35 0 375 0
Shale, slaty 20 0 395 0
Sandstone, massive, coarse-grained 70 0 465 0
Sandy shale 2 0 467 0
Shale 3 0 470 0
Shale, gray ,. 5 0 475 0
Shale, red 5 0 480 0
Shale, gray 10 0 490 0
Shale, red .20 492 0
Shale, gray 3 0 495 0
Shale, red 15 0 510 0
Sandstone, massive, fine-grained . . 20 0 530 0
Sandstone, massive 20 0 580 0
Concealed, hench 5 0 585 0
Sandstone and concealed 7 0 592 0
Shale, slaty, impure coal streaks. 3 0 595 0 526' 10"
Shale, sandy 25 0 620 0
Concealed, bench 20 0 640 0
Shale, sandy, and concealed 50 0 690 0
Sandstone and concealed 50 0 740 0
Shale, sandy 50 0 790 0
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained 10 0 800 0
Sandstone, full of pebbles, brown
Shale, gray 12 6 813 0
Limestone, gray, marine fossils,
Terry 1 0 814 0
Sandstone, gray 2 0 816 0
Coal, Impure 0 3 816 3 221'. V
Shale, gray, slaty 0 9 817 0
Sandstone 8 0 825 0
Shale, greenish-red 6 0 830 0
Sandstone, gray 10 0 840 0
Concealed to bottom, elevation,
1760' B 25 0 865 0 48' 9"
Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Two miles eastward in the edge of Raleigh County the following section was measured with aneroid by the author northward down the steep hillside of New River via Mine No. 207 on Map II :
Royal Section, Raleigh County.
Thickness.
New River and Pocahontas Groups (410') Feet.
•Shale, black, laminated, Quinnimont 6
Shale and sandstone 25
Shale 4.7
Coal 0.3
Sandstone and shale, alternating 19.4
Sandstone, Pineville 55
Concealed 55
Shale, Royal, buff, sandy, with brackish-water fossil shells, Naiaditee elongata*. 8 Coal, soft, r O'^lNo. 6 Pocahontas
Coal, soft.. 0 11 Slate, black,
Concealed and shale 31
Sandstone, making cliff 40
Concealed and shale 35
Sandstone, making great cliff 90
Shale and concealed 30
Shale, red, and concealed 5
Sandstone, making great cliff 105
Concealed and shale 215
Sandstone, massive, conglomeratic, large quartz pebbles, reddish-white, Princeton
Conglomerate 50
Concealed to C. & O. R. R. grade, foot of
Concealed to bed of New River 40
Total.
Feet.
6
10
35
40
60
The foregoing section is interesting in that it shows the No. 6 Pocahontas Coal with its associated brackish-water fossil-bearing Royal Shale belonging 170 feet below the Fire Creek bed and that the Princeton Conglomerate Sandstone belongs about 325 feet below the top of the Mauch Chunk Series instead of 220 feet as shown for the same point in the following section, published by I. C. White in Volume 11(A) of the State
♦Raleigh County Report, W. Va. Geological Survey, pp. 675 and 679; 1916.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 209
Survey Reports, pages 21-23, obtained by combining the log of Coal Test Boring No. ISO on Map II, located 1.5 miles southward from Royal, with measurements determined with aneroid down the south hillside of New River at Royal. The base of the Pottsville Series should belong slightly over 100 feet higher than originally shown, or in the 22 feet of concealed interval, 616' 7" from the top of the section :
Grandview — Royal Section, Shady Spring District,
Raleigh County.
New River and Pocahontas Thickness. Total
Snrtace 10 5 10 5
Sandstone, Lower Raieigh 68 3 68 8 68' S''
Sandstone, hard 27 5 96 1
Slate and rock 0 9 96 10
Sandstone 2 2 99 0
Slate 2 6 101 6
Slate and coal 0 2% f Beckley . . 1 8% 102 4% 84' 1%'
Slate 0 3% 103 1%
Sandstone 11 8% 114 5
Sandstone, slaty 24 1 138 6
Slate 0 6 139 0
Sandstone 21 0 160 0
Slate, sandy 8 1 163 1
Slate 11 0 174 1
Sandstone 0 9 174 10
Slate 3 6 178 4
Sandstone 13 6 191 10
Slate, sandy 21 2 213 0
Slate 12 8% 225 8%
•T^st" coal r 1" } Fire Greek 3 1 228 9% 125' 11%''
Goal 20 J
Slate 0 6 229 3%
Fire clay 5 1 234 4%
Sandstone 13 5 247 9%
Slate, sandy 2 5 250 2%
Slate 1 3 251 5%
Coal, Little Fire Creek 0 6 261 11% 23' 2"
Slate 3 6 265 6%
sandy slate.. 10' 3 " (
Slate 17 6 fPlncvlllc 50 11% 306 5
Sandstone 23 2% J
Slate, sandy 2 3 308 8
Goal 0' 7" I No. 9
"Losf'ooal. 0 6 (Pocahontas .. 10 309 8 67' 8%"
Plre clay 3 6 313 2
Shale, sandy 64 2 367 4
Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
SandstoDe, Pi*rpant
Sbale, sandy
Sandstone, Eckman
Coal, No. 4 Pocahontaa..
Fire clBj
Shale, gray, sandy
Sandstone, Upper Pocahontaa..
Coal 0' 6"'
Coal, bony — 0 5
Plre clay 0 10
Coal, bony — 0 S
Coal 1 5
Fire clay 2 10
Sandstone,
gray 3 7
Slate. bUck.. 1 0
Coal 1 3 ,
Sandstone to bottom of boring. . . 6
Sandstone, masBlve 50
Concealed 20
Shale, gray 10
Shale, bituminous, dark 1
Shale, gray 6
Concealed 22
Shale, gray 6 '
Sandy beds, greenlah-gray and yel-
Concealed, wltb massive greenish
shale 70
and concealed 220
Sandstone, Princeton Conglomerate, groat massive cliff, pebbly GO
Red beds and concealed 60
Sandstone, coarse, massive 20 '
Shale, red, with limy beds near
center 30
Sandstone, fine-gralned 5
Shale and sandstone, to level of track at mouth of Stretcher
Neck Tunnel 12
Concealed to level of New River, elevation 125B' B 40
It is quite evident from a study of the two preceding sec-is that the No. 6 Pocahontas Coal and the Royal Shale have in cut away in Coal Test Boring No. 150 on Map II, thr; of which was used in the upper 530* 7" of the section last en, a feature that is characteristic of the Pottsville beds, in
West Virginia Geological Survey. 211
that these are subject to sudden local changes in thickness.
The following section was measured with aneroid southwestward along the hill road to Quinnimont from the top of the Upper Raleigh Sandstone cliff from an exposure 1 mile northeast of the latter place. The results are greater than they should be, owing to the marked dip in the strata prevailing here in the same direction:
Quinnimont — North Side Section, Quinnimont District.
TMckness. Total.
Feet Feet. New River and Pocahontas Groups, Pottsvllle
Series (M(X) Sandstone, quarteitic, pebbly, massive,
graylsh-wfiite, making great cliff, Upper
Raleigh 160 160 160'
Concealed 106 256
Shale 10 265
Concealed, with sandstone boulders 70 SS6
Concealed, should hold Fire Creek Coal 30'
to 40' above base 180 466 816'
Sandstone, current-bedded, brown to gray-
Ish-whita, PInevrile 70 636
Concealed in steep slope 40 676
Concealed in bench 10 686 120'
Sandstone^ current-bedded, brown to gray,
making great cliff, Upper Pocahontas 98 678
Shale, buff and sandy 6.1 683.1
Coal, soft. No. 3 Pocahontas (22") (1880' B.) 1.9 686 100'
Sandstone, broken. Lower Pocahontas 60 736
Coair No. 1 Pocahcntas (6" visible) 1 800 115'
Shale 10 810
Concealed In bench 16 826
Sandstone, making cliff 46 870
Concealed la steep slope 16 886
Concealed in flat bench, moetly shale 16 900
Sandstone and concealed, steep slope, mostly sandstone 40 940
(3onceated and sandstone 14.6 954.6
Fire clay shale 5 960 160'
Shale, green and red 16 975
Concealed and red shale 35 1010
Sandstone, green, micaceous 5 1015
Shale, brown and red 20 1035
Concealed 100 1135
Shale, red, and concealed 160 1285
Shale, red, with sandstone layers, to C. & O.
Concealed to bed of New River, estimated. . 40 1385 425'
Ill .
r: I
•Jl'
Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
The following section was measured with aneroid by the author northwestward along the hill road to the bed of Laurel Creek from Mine No. 208 on Map II in the Fire Creek Coal bed, the latter being located }i mile southeast of Quinnimont :
ij
I
. t
-1
(Quinnimont — South Side Section, Quinnimont District.
New River and Pocahontas Groups, Thickness. Total.
Pottsville Series (bW) Feet. Feet. Coal, Fire Creek, (Mine 206 on Map II)
Shale, black , 31 35
Concealed 236 270
Sandstone, grayish-white, making cliff 50 820
Concealed In bench 15 335
Sandstone, making cliff 45 380
Concealed 170 550 550'
Concealed 240 790 240'
Sandstone, graylsh.whlte, cliff, Princeton
Conglomerate 45 835
Shale, brown and sandy 15 850
Concealed 10 860
Shale, greenish-brown and sandy 60 920
Concealed 54 974
Sandstone / 6 980
Shale, red 16 995
Sandstone and red shale 15 1010
Concealed to bed of Laurel Creek at Quinnimont 20 1030 240'
In the above section the results are excessive in the upper half of the section, due to a dip of 50 to 60 feet in the strata westward.
The following section was measured with aneroid by the author northwestward along the road down the steep hillside of Laurel Creek from the old abandoned Mine No. 211 on Map II of the Glendale Coal Company in the Fire Creek Coal bed. Between the mine and Laurel Creek at this point the strata are practically horizontal, so that the results represent almost vertical determinations :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 2I3
Lawton — 0.5 Mile Southwest Section, Quinnimont District.
■
Thickness. Total.
Feet Feet New River and Pocahontas Groups, Pottsvllle Series (SSO') Coal, Fire Creek, at Mine 211 on Map 11
Shale and concealed 10 13.5
Shale, black, argillaceous, plant fossils
abundant 16.5 30
Concealed and shale 10 40 40'
Sandstone, PinevUle, gray, quartzitic, current-bedded, hard, weathers white, making great cliff 60 100
Ooncealed 5 105
Coal blossom and concealed 6 111
Shale, buff 2.4 113.4
Coal, slaty.. 0' 6 "
Slate, black.. 0 1 I No. S Pocahontas.. 1.6 115 75'
Coal, slaty... 0 2% J
Shale and concealed 15 130
Sandstone, grayish-white, current-bedded,
making cliff 65 195
Concealed in bench? 20 215
Sandstone, grayish-white 15 230
Concealed 10 240
Sandstone, grayish-white and concealed... 30 270
Sandstone, grayish-white, making cliff 40 310-
Sandstone, grayish-white, partly concealed 30 340
Concealed 40 380
Sandstone, shaly 10 390
Concealed 20 410
Sandstone, shaly 10 420
Concealed 10 430
Sandstone 10 440
Concealed 45 485
Coal blossom 0 485
Concealed 45 530
Shale, red, and concealed to C. & O. R. R. grade, from exposure on opposite side of
Creek 15 545
Concealed to bed of Laurel Creek 55 600
In the extreme southern point of Quinnimont District and Fayette County, the author measured the following section with aneroid from an exposure of the Upper Raleigh Sandstone cliff at the road fork, 2 miles N. 5** W. from the mouth of Meadow Creek, southward along the hill roads to the bed of New Piver at the latter point. The section is probably the
Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
;est yet published in the State from outcrop exposures in same hill, and the total — 1960 feet — should be increased ut 140 feet on account of the southeastward rise ot the ita, or to a total of 2100 feet :
Meadow Creek Station Section, Quinnimont District.
Tblcknees. Total.
Feet. Feet. ' RIvar and Pocahontas Graups, Pottsvllla
Series (735') Sandstone, Upper Ralofgh, grarish-wlilte, tnaklnK cllS. from road fork and summit BB 5C
Concealed, steep slope 106 ISO
CoQcenled In bench 10 170
Sandstone, graylsh-wUte, current-bedded.. 40 210
Concealeil, mostly sandstone 50 260
Concealed and shale, moat; shale, in gentle
slope 85 346 345'
Sandstone, PInevllle, graylsh-whlte 70 41B
Concealed IS 4S0
Sandstone, Kraylsta-wbite 80 4S0
Concealed 21 481
Sandstone '. .. 4 4S5
Coal, No. 6 Pocahontas, soft, columnar, V,
(Opening No. 224 on Map 11) (2683' L.) . . 6 490 145'
Slate and concealed 115 606
Black slate, blossom 6 610 120'
Sandstone and concealed, mostly concealed 90 700
Concealed In hench 10 710
Conce&led 26 736 126'
Shale, red 60 795
Concealed 26 820
Sandstone, greenish-graj, medium-grained- 30 850
Concealed 30 880
Shale, purpUsh-red 15 895
Concealed 26 920
Sandstone, grayisb-white and brown, medt
um-gralned, hard 66 9SE
Shale, red 20 1006
Sandstone, green 5 1010
Concealed 26 1035
Sandstone, green, micaceous 40 1075 840'
Sandstone, Princeton Conglomerate, grayish-white, hard, conglomeratic, large
quartz pebbles, making great cllD 40 1116
Concealed 16 1130
Shale, red. sandy, vith 2 or 8 layers of thin
sandstone *5 1175
Shale, green, siliceous 30 1205
Concealed 30 1236
Concealed In flat bench 150 feet wide 15 1250
Concealed 46 1296
West Virginia Geological Survey. 2X5
' Thickness. Total
Feet. Feet.
Shale, green 20 1315
Shale, red 5 1320
Concealed 15 1335
Shale, red and yariegated 25 1360
Concealed 15 1375
Shale, red and green, alternating 35 1410
Concealed 165 1575
Shale, dark-red, with gray limestone nuggets 6" In diameter 10 1585
Concealed and sandstone, fine-grained, reddish-green 15 1600
Concealed 80 1680
Shale, red 15 1695
Concealed in bench at road bend, with rounded boulders 1" to 6" in diameter,
old river terrace 15 1710 635'
Concealed 10 1720
Shale, red 55 1775
Concealed to road fork, ground strewn with large boulders from Princeton Conglomerate 70 1845
Concealed to C. & O. Railroad grade.
Meadow Creek Station 80 1925 215'
Concealed to New River 35 1960
Slightly over 2 miles eastward the following section was measured with aneroid by the author from the summit of the high knob, just east of the Ebumean Schoolhouse, southwestward to the road and thence with the latter southward to the bed of Meadow Creek at the mouth of Beelick Run, J4 mile northeast of Beurytown. The results are less than they should be, owing to the southward rise in the strata from the summit of the knob in question, as revealed by the Sewell Coal contours on Map II :
Beurytown Section, Quinnimont District.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. New River and. Pocahontas Groups, Pottsville Series (435') Concealed, In steep slope from sununit of
knob 75 75
Concealed in gentle slope 40 115
Concealed in flat bench and shale 15 130 130'
Sandstone, Pineville, grayish-white and
hard, making great clifF 60 190
Concealed 76 266
Coal, No. 6 Pocahontas (Exposure No. 588 on Map II) 4 270 140'
I
I
2l6
Stratigraphy Special Sections.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Fire clay shale and concealed 10 280
Sandstone 25 305
Shale, buff, siliceous 4.5 309.5
Coal, soft, No. 4 Pocahontas (2710' B.) 0.5 310 40'
Shale, buff 5 315
Concealed 25 340
Shale, dark 7.7 347.7
Coal, soft... O'U "
Shale, gray. 0 5 No. 3 Pocahontaa
Coal, soft... 0 8 J
Shale, and concealed 20 370
Shale, buff, siliceous 19.2 389.2
Coal, soft, No. 2 Pocahontas, edge of road 0.8 390
Shale, greenish-white, buff, siliceous 35 425
Shale, greenish, siliceous 40 475
Sandstone, green 10 485
Shale, red, siliceous 35 520
Sandstone, green 30 550
Shale, dark-red 30 680
Sandstone, green, micaceous 25 605
Concealed to road fork 100 705 270'
Sandstone, Princeton Conglomerate, greenish-gray, conglomeratic, almost mass of
quartz pebbles, making cliff 75 780
Concealed and shale 25 805
Shale, green, siliceous 10 815
Concealed 10 825
Shale, red, siliceous 30 855
Shale, green, siliceous 35 890
Sandstone, hard 5 895
Shale, red, and concealed 35 930
Bench at road bend 5 935
Sandstone, greenish-white, red shale layers 50 985
Concealed 25 1010
Shale, red, siliceous 15 1025
Concealed 135 1160
Sandstone, green, micaceous 5 1165
Shale, red 10 1175
Concealed, mostly reds 215 1390 685'
The following succession of the strata is obtained by combining a section measured with aneroid by tfie author from the summit of the high knob, J4 mile northwest of Walnut Flat Schoolhouse, southeastward, with the log of Coal Test Boring No. 136 on Map II, 0.6 mile south of the same schoolhouse and 1.5 miles northwest of Meadowbridge (Clute P. O.), drilled by the New River & Pocahontas Coal & Coke Company. As with the log of Boring No. 112 on Map II, given partially with the
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 2iy
Sims Schoolhouse Section on a preceding page of this Chapter, permission was not given to publish the thickness of coal beds encountered in the boring, the coals, for correlation purposes, being given at base in combination with other members in order to conceal this feature :
Walnut Flat Schoolhouse Section, Quinnimont District.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet. New River and Pocahontas Groups (52V)
Sandstone, grayish-white, making cliff and
capping ridge. Upper Raleigh 85 35
Concealed and dark shale 62.1 87.1
Coal, slaty 0 2 I Little Raleigh 2.9 90 90'
Slate and concealed 25 115
Concealed in steep slope, mostly sandstone 185 300
Concealed in terrace, 75 yards wide 30 830 240'
Sandstone, grayish-white, PInevllle, to road
at Walnut Flat Schoolhouse 35 365
Interval to top of Coal Test Boring No. 136
on Map n 15 380 50'
(Continued with log of Boring No. 136)
Surface debris 7.3 387.3
Sandstone and shale, alternating, and Coal
No. 7 Pocahontas 49.4 436.7 66.7'
Shale and sandstone, alternating, and Coal,
No. 6 Pocahontas 79.5 516.2 79.5'
Soapstone and shale to bottom of hole 4.8 521 4.8'
Six miles northeastward in the edge of Greenbrier County, the following section was measured with aneroid by the writer from the summit of the knob immediately west of Boggs Knob, south westward to Coal Opening No. 221 on Map II, and thence northwestward along the hill road to the bed of Sewell Creek at Sims Station on the Sewell Valley Railroad. In that portion below the base of the New River Group, the results are excessive on account of a dip of about 250 feet in the strata between the exposure of the top member of the Pocahontas Group and Sims Station :
lie STRATIGRAPHY — SPECIAL SECTIONS.
BoggB Knob— Sims Station Section, Greenbrier County.
ThlcknesB. Total.
Saadetone and concealed trom summit ot
kaob, 0.3 njlle west of Boggs Knob 45 45
Concealed in bench 10 66 66'
Sandatont, grsylah-whlta. Lower Raleigh.. 77 132 Concealed at aprlng of water, Becklcy Coal
horiion 3 135 80'
Cdncealed 130.4 365.4
Shale, dark, visible 2 267.4
Coal, bony, 6" to 0' 8" 1 Little Fire Cpeek7 2.6 370 136' } (Opening No. 221
Concealed 25 296
Sandstone 30 32G
Concealed in bench 10 336 65'
Sandatone, current.bedded, gray I ah-white,
Concealed to road tork 20 410
Concealed and shale 55 465
Coal bloeaom, trace 466
Concealed 4.3 469.3
Sandetoae, Eckman 30 500
Coal, alaty. No. 5 PocahontasT. .
Sandstone and shale 19.6 629.6
Coal, aoft. No. 3 Pocahontai? 0-6 530 25'
Fire clay shale 3 633
Concealed and sandstone 62 595
Black slat* 3 698 68'
Fire clay shale 2 600
Shale, reddish-brown 16 615
Sandstone, shaly 20 B36 87'
Shale, dark-red. In road Just below church. , 10 646 Red shale and sandatone, alternating, to
bed ot Seirell Creek at Sims Station on
Sewell Valley Railway 44B 1090 466'
Slightly over a mile southeastward in the eastern point of 2uinnimont District, the following section was measured with ineroid by the writer from the road summit, 0,7 mile north-vest of Turniphole Mountain, southward along the hill road to :he Mauch Chunk red beds, immediately below the base of he Pottsville Series :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 219
Tumiphok Mountain — % Mile Northwest Section,
Quinnimont District.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet. New River and Pocahontas Groups, Pottsvilie Series (311')
Sandstone, grayish-white, Pineville 45 45
Concealed 5 50
Sandstone, shaly 35 85
Concealed 5 90
Shale, black, Royal, Lingula fossH shells
abundant 9 99
Shale, gray and dark 10 113
Coal, blossom, heavy. No. 6 Pocahontas, lower bench 2 115 12'
Concealed and shale, sandy 39.5 154.5
Coal, slaty, (6"), No. 4 Pocahontas.. 0.5 155 40'
Sandstone, coarse, broken, Upper Pocahontas
13 168
Shale 1.5 169.5
Coal, soft, (5^^), No. 3 PocahonUs 0.5 170 15'
Shale, sandy 5 175
Shale, flaggy, and sandy 29 204
Shale, gray 0 1 V No. 2 Pocahontas 1 205 35'
Sandstone, shaly at bottom 15 220
Concealed and sandstone 55 275
Fire clay shale 5 280
Concealed and sandstone to red shale, top
of Mauch Chunk Seriee 31 311 106'
Slightly less than one mile southeastward the following section was measured from the summit of Turniphole Mountain westward to an opening in the No. 6 Pocahontas Coal bed — ^No. 577 on Map II; thence northwest along trail to the road fork, and thence southward to road fork near Buffalo School. The strata are so nearly horizontal between the summit oiE the knob and the last-mentioned road fork that the results represent practically vertical determinations :
220 Stratigraphy — Special Sections.
Tumiphole Mountain Section, Quinnim<mt District.
Tblckneaa. Total
FeeL Feet.
New Rtv«r and Pocahontu Group* (37B')
Shale, capping summit of Tumiphole Mountain B 5
Sandstone, graylah-whlt«, PInevllle 60 SG 66'
Concealed 16 80
Sandstone, graylsh-wblte 16 S6
Concealed and shale 63.7 158.7
trlth coal streaks 14 (on Map II) No. S 6,3 166 100' Coal, soft, bright 1 0 J Pocahontaa
Slate and concealed 45 210
Concealed 40 260
Sandstone 46 295
Shale 6 300
Sandstone 20 320
Concealed 19 339
Rre clay Bhale, dark 6 344
Concealed and sandstone 31 376 210'
Shale, red 40 416
Sandstone, green 5 420
Shale, dark-red, with thin sandatonea 70 490
Concealed and red shale to road fork
Summary Of Sections.
The following table has been compiled for convenience of reference from the sections on preceding pages of this Chapter. It shows at a glance, not only the three main divisions — Pennsylvanian, Mississippian, and Devonian — of the surface rocks or those penetrated by test borings for coal, oil and gas, but. in most instances, that for their subdivisions or series. A line of dots under the latter indicates that the formation was no! exposed, measured or penetrated by a boring if the latter is used in a section ; and a question mark (?), that the series or group was present and measured but could not be definitely separated from the formation either overlying or underlying it. Frequently thicknesses are excessive or too little, ovring to the dip of the strata prevailing where the results were determined. An explanation accompanies each section, giving the peculiar conditions under which the measurements were made :
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Chapter V.
Stratigraphy— Allegheny Series.
General Description.
The Allegheny Series of the Pennsylvanian, so named by the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania from the river in the western part of the latter State, along which its members outcrop, is present over a considerable area of Fayette high up near the ridge summits, and, as exhibited on Map II, its areal extent is confined to the northwestern half of the County in Falls, Kanawha, and Mountain Cove Districts. At the beginning of Chapter IV, pages 98-9, is given a general section of the series as represented in the immediately adjoining portion of southern Clay County. In the territory of this Report, only the basal two-thirds of the formation is present, the upper portion having been eroded. When fully represented it extends from the base of the Uffington Shale of the Conemaugh down through the rock column to the Homewood Sandstone or top member of the Kanawha Group of the Pottsvillc Series, and in this region of the State has a total thickness of 325 to 350 feet, consisting of several sandstone ledges, alternating with buff to dark-gray sandy shales, fire clay shale, thin iron ore lenses, limestones of scanty occurrence, and three to four minable coal beds.
Description Of Members, Allegheny Series.
Referring to the section mentioned above, the members in the basal two-thirds, which have been definitely recognized in Fayette, will now be described in descending order.
PLATE VIII (a).— Typical scenery along New River, looking BoutheaBt
From C. & O. Railroad bridge at Hawke Nest, white ctlffa
In background are Lower Nuttall Sandstone.
PLA.TB VIH(I)). — One or many picturesque views In Fayette, looking"
towards Newlyn from west valley wall o( New River, showing
topography o( New River Group and Lower Nuttall
Sandstcne cliffs near sky-line.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 22$
The Upper Kittanninq Coal.
The Upper Kittanning Coal, named by Messrs. White, Piatt, and Lesley from its occurrence near Kittanning, Pennsylvania, and belonging there just below the upper division of the Lower Freeport Sandstone and directly above the Upper East Lynn Sandstone, was observed at only three exposures in Fayette, one of which is exhibited in the House Branch of Bells Creek Section, page 136. In the region of its occurrence its crop belongs so high up near the ridge summits in a forested locality and its areal extent 13 so limited that little prospecting has ever been done to dcttrmine its worth. At Coal Exposure No. 226 on Map II, in the road at the schoolhouse on the divide between Smithers Creek and House Branch of Bells Creek, Teets reports this bed only 2 feet in thickness at an elevation of 1S72' L., 60 feet above the crop of the Middle Kittanning (North Coalburg) Coal and 220 feet above the Kanawha Black Flint. The Upper Kittanning Coal is only 15 inches in thickness on the south hillside of the Kanawha River, 1 mile southeast of Montgomery, as exhibited in the Crescent Section, page 144. These are the only exposures of this bed observed but its bench, concealed by debris and talus from a few feet of overlying beds, was seen at several points barely under the ridge summits. Although a valuable bed northeastward in Clay County where it was once mined commercially at Queen Shoals^, the foregoing data are too meager to class it as a minable seam in the territory of this Report.
The Upper East Lynn Sandstone.
The Upper East Lynn Sandstone of the author^ belonging in the interval separating the bed last described from the underlying Middle Kittanning (North Coalburg) Coal, is very persistent and always present directly above the crop of the latter bed. It is generally massive, pebbly and grayish-white to brown in color, and frequently forms considerable escarpments around the hillsides. Its thickness and stratigraphic
'Bav V. Hernen. Braxton Clay Report. W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 569 and 596 9: 1917.
njoc. cit., pp. 237-240.
226 Stratigraphy — Allegheny Series.
position are exhibited in the special sections given in Chapter IV for Winifrede Junction, Shrewsbury, Cedar Grove, Cannelton, Harewood — J4 Mile Northwest, Crescent, Morris Creek, Schuyler Fork, and Eagle — >4 Mile South. Its outcrop follows closely the same regions as that outlined on Map II for the No. 5 Block Coal, as it belongs only 75 to 100 feet above the latter bed. Frequently it lies unconformably upon the East Lynn Sandstone, the intervening Middle Kittanning (*'North Coalburg") Coal and its associated roof and pavement shales having been cut away entirely. While not so conglomeratic as in southern Clay County, yet it so preserves its massive, coarse and pebbly cHaracter as to constitute an important "key-rock" when used in conjunction with the Kanawha Black Flint, 160 to 175 feet lower in the measures.
The Middle Kittanning ("North Coalburg") Coal.
The Middle Kittanning Coal, first named and described by Messrs. Piatt and Chance of the Pennsylvania Geological Survey from its occurrence between the Upper and Lower Kittanning Coal beds in western Pennsylvania, attains minable dimensions and purity in the western portions of Falls and Kanawha Districts where it is generally multiple-bedded, ranging in thickness from 4 to 10 feet, carrying both gas and splint types of coal, and belonging in the interval between the ledge last described and the underlying East Lynn Sandstone. Its outcrop follows closely the same region as that outlined on Map 11 for the No. 5 Block Coal, as it belongs only 60 to 90 feet above the latter bed. As mentioned by the author on pages 607-8 of the Report for Braxton and Clay Counties for the State Geological Survey, it is the same as the North Coal-burg Coal, correlating with the highest bed in the North Coal-burg (Shrewsbury) Section, published by I. C. White on page 300 of Volume II, where it is shown to belong 90 feet above the No. 5 Block Coal and 165 feet above the base of the Kanawha Black Flint. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the special sections given in Chapter IV for Winifrede Junction, Shrewsbury, Cedar Grove, Cannelton, Harewood — % Mile Northwest, House Branch of Bells Creek,
West Virginia Geological Survey. 22/
Crescent, and Eagle — J4 Mile South, It is this coal that is now being mined commercially at Coal Mine No. I on Map II, on the west hillside of the Kanawha River at Crescent by W. R. Johnson, where it belongs just 60 feet above the No. 5 Block bed at an old abandoned commercial mine in the latter coal and is known locally as the "No. 6 Block*'. It has also been prospected considerably in the northwest portion of Falls District where it attains a fine development. Its thickness and character at these diggings and other portions of the county and its approximate minable area, as limited on Figure 5, are described on subsequent pages in Chapter XI, along with an estimate of its available tonnage.
The East Lynn Sandstone.
The East Lynn Sandstone of Krebs* was named from the town of East Lynn, Wayne County, belonging there 2 to 5 feet above what appears to be the No. 5 Block Coal and in the interval separating the latter from the overlying Upper Kittanning Coal and frequently attains a thickness of 100 feet. On the waters of the Kanawha River in southern Clay and western Fayette Counties, this sandstone, as originally described by Krebs, is separated into two distinct ledges by the Middle Kittanning (North Coalburg) Coal. On page 242 of the Report for Braxton and Clay Counties, the author designated the upper ledge as the Upper East Lynn Sandstone as mentioned on a preceding page of this Chapter, and limited the East L»ynn name proper to the lower member, assuming that the No. 5 Block Coal had been acci;rately identified in the. East Lynn region by Krebs. The East Lynn Sandstone, as thus limited in Fayette, is massive to current-bedded, medium-grained, seldom pebbly, highly siliceous, grayish-white in color, ranging in thickness from 60 to 90 feet. It usually forms steep slopes or great cliffs along its outcrop which follows closely the same region as that outlined on Map II for the No. 5 Block Coal. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the special sections given in Chapter IV for Winifrede Junction, Shrewsbury, Cedar Grove, Cannelton, Hare-
"C. E. Krebs, Cabell-Wayne-Lincoln Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 1S3.4; 1913.
228 Stratigraphy — Allegheny Series.
wood — }i Mile Northwest, Belva — 1 Mile Northeast, in Falls District; and for Crescent, Morris Creek, Eagle — J4 Mile South, Mt. Carbon, and Powellton, in Kanawha District.
No quarries were observed on either this ledge or the Upper East Lynn in Fayette County, but their highly siliceous nature and wide exposure in cliffs should furnish an abundant and accessible supply of material suitable for concrete aggregate in all forms of construction work.
The No. 5 Block Coal of White*, belonging at its type locality — Montg^omery and Crescent, Fayette County — ^is a very important bed in this area, and apparently correlates with the Lower IQttanning of Lesley of the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania. It is generally multiple-bedded, carrying both gas and splint types of coal, the latter predominating. Coming from the mines in both large and small blocks and standing shipment well, it has acquired an excellent reputation as a general steam and domestic fuel. The name "No. 5 Block*' is given precedence in this Report, since its position in the measures south of Elk River in Clay County is fixed by its interval — 60 to 100 feet — above the Kanawha Black Flint, while there is a remote possibility that the bed which has been described above as the Middle IQttanning Coal may prove to be the Lower Kittanning, in which event the No. S Block Coal would correlate with the Clarion of the Allegheny Series of the northern region of the State. The results of the field investigations of Reger during the field seasons of 1916 and 1917, gathering data for Detailed Reports of Webster and Nicholas Counties, tend to confirm the author's correlation of the No. S Block with the Lower Kittanning both in this Report and in that for Braxton and Clay Counties, pages 245-6.
Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the special sections given in Chapter IV for Winifrede Junction, Shrewsbury, Cedar Grove, Cannelton, Harewood — }i Mile Northwest, Crescent, Morris Creek, Schuyler Fork, Eagle —yi Mile South, Mt. Carbon, Powellton, Kingston, and
*I. C. White. Vol. 11(A), W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 525-8; 1908.
West Virginia Geolcxsical Survey. 229
Ansted. Its detailed outcrop is shown on Map II, where it is practically the division line between the Allegheny Series and the Kanawha Group of the Pottsville. It is mined commercially on an extensive scale in the northwestern corner of Kanawha District on the south hillside of the Kanawha River and on Morris and Armstrong Creeks. Its thickness and character at these mines and other exposures, and its approximate minable area, as limited on Figure 6, are described on subsequent pages in Chapter XI, along with an estimate of its available tonnage.
The Kittanning Sandstone and Clarion Coal of western Pennsylvania, belonging at the base of the Allegheny Series, v/ere not observed in the territory of this Report, although present in southern Clay County, as shown by the author on Images 247-8 and 681-8 of the Braxton Clay Report. In Fayette the No. 5 Block Coal, as identified in the latter Report, is apparently the basal member of the last-mentioned series.
Chapter Vi.
Stratigraphy— The Kanawha Group Of
The Pottsville Series.
General Account.
The Kanawha Group or Upper Pottsville of WhiteS beginning at top with the Homewood or Roaring Creek Sandstone and extending down through the rock column to the top of the great Nuttall (Upper Nuttall) Sandstone of the Kanawha Valley, has its greatest development in the Herberton region of Fayette, attaining here, as may be determined from the Table of Intervals for the Sewell Coal, published in Chapter III, page 89, a total thickness of 1820 feet, as against 2100 feet in the region of its maximum development for the State in southern McDowell County. The General Section of the Pottsville Series, published at the beginning of Chapter IV, pages 100-111, includes the Kanawha Group in its maximum development for West Virginia, and, as mentioned on the pages immediately preceding the section, corrects an error in the general section of the same measures as published on pages 51-60 of the Wyoming-McDowell Report, in that the last-mentioned group should extend down to the top of the Panther (Upper Nuttall) Sandstone, or 270 feet lower in the measures and the thickness of the New River Group correspondingly reduced. At Montgomery in the northwestern edge of Fayette, the Kanawha Group has a total thickness of only 1200 feet, thus giving an expansion of over 600 feet to the southeastward in an air-line distance of 20 miles to Herberton, or at the rate of about 30 feet to the mile. Its strata consist of sandstones, medium-to coarse-grained, gray to grayish-brown or dove-colored, the latter prevailing in the lower half ; coal beds, generally hard and carrying both gas and splint
*I. C. White, Vol. 11(A), W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 13; 1908.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 23I
types in the upper two-thirds of the group, and soft and columnar in the lower third; impure fire clay shales in association with the coal beds; shale, both argillaceous and arenaceous, buff, gray, and black in color ; and several impure limestones, some of which carry marine fossils and others brackish-water forms. Sandstones constitute by far the greater bulk of the strata, but the coal beds constitute the principal economic values, the formation holding 14 minable seams in addition to about an equal number of doubtful worth. The areal extent of its outcropping strata is shown in detail on Map II, the same being practically confined to the northwestern two-thirds of the County. These eremite a topography very similar to that prevailing for the same measures in other portions of the State, in that the valley walls along drainage channels are high, steep, and rugged, broken frequently by narrow flat benches usually holding deposits of coal and shale that separate the heavy sandstone ledges forming the steeper escarpments.
In addition to the general section of the Kanawha, mentioned above, there is also published in Chapter IV a large number of special sections showing the rock succession of this group at scattered points throughout their occurrence, a summary of which is published at the end of the last-mentioned Chapter, pages 221-223.
Description Of Members, Kanawha Group.
A detailed description of the members of the Kanawha Group that were definitely recognized in Fayette will now be given in descending order of their succession as exhibited in the General Section, pages 100-6.
•
The Homewood Sandstone of the Pennsylvania Survey or "Roaring Creek" of White^ the youngest or highest member of the Kanawha Group, attains practically the same development here as in other portions of the State, ranging in thickness from 50 to 100 feet. It is generally massive to cur-
1. C. White, Vol. 11(A), W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 488-9; 1908.
rent-bedded, medium-to coarse-grained, seldom pebbly, grayish-white in color, forming cliffs and steep slopes along its outcrop, the latter following closely the same region as that shown on Map II for the No. 5 Block Coal bed. Its thickness and relative position in the measures are exhibited in the special* sections given in Chapter IV. No quarries were observed on it within the County, but it is very similar in physical appearance and texture to the East Lynn Sandstone and should be adapted to practically the same uses as described for the latter ledge on a preceding page of this Chapter, its wide exposures in accessible cliffs furnishing an inexhaustible supply of raw stone.
The Stockton "A" Coal of the author', belonging immediately at the base of the sandstone last described, 0 to 30 feet above the Kanawha Black Flint and 10 to 40 feet above the Stockton Coal, attains a fair development locally in the Eagle region. It is usually hard and splinty, ranging in thickness from 0 to 4 feet, and it apparently correlates with the Upper Mercer Coal of western Pennsylvania. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections given in Chapter IV for Boomer — 54 Mile East, Powellton, and Kingston, pages 126, 158, and 166, respectively. Its correlation in the latter section, however, is not so definitely determined as at the other two points, owing to the absence of the Kanawha Black Flint.
In the northwestern corner of Kanawha District, the data for the two following openings on it were obtained by the author, the first being 55 feet below the No. 5 Block Coal bed at Mine No. 8 on Map II :
■Ray V. Hennen, Braxton-Clay Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 253-5; 1917.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 233
Coal Opening — No. 227 on Map II.
Southwest side, Kanawha River, 0.4 mile south of Eagle railway station; elevation, 1660' B.
Ft, In.
Sandstone, Homewoody roof
Shale, gray, soft 0 1
Coal, gas, hard. .. 0' 10" ]
Bone 0 1 VStockton "A'' 3 8
Coal, splint, hard 2 9 J
Kanawha Black Flint, typical 5 0
Located on point on west hillside of Schuyler Fork, 0.7 mile S. 80* W. of E)agle; section by E. Forbes, Foreman for the St. Clair Coal and Minitfg Co., at liine No. 8 on Map II; elevation, 1560^ B.
Ft , In.
Sandstone, Homewood, roof
Shale, 8" to 0 10
Coal, splint, hard, Stockton "A" 4 0
Shale 1 0
Kanawha Black Flint 6 0
Away from the locality of these two openings, this bed appears to be so irregular and lenticular in its deposition that it has not been classed as minable in summing up the available coal resources of the area.
The Kanawha Black Flint.
The Kanawha Black Flint of Rogers* and White'* is present at its proper horizon, 60 to 100 feet below the top of the Kanawha Group, in Fayette County, largely in its cherty phase of development, typical along the Kanawha Valley in Kanawha County. When approaching its stratified sandy phase, it is found to carry marine fossils in abundance, this taken together with its position in the measures leads the author to believe that it correlates with the Lower Mercer Limestone of western Pennsylvania. In the reference last cited Dr. White gives the following suggestion on page 329 as to its probable origin :
*W. B. Rogers, Fifth Annual Geol. Report of Virginia; 18S9 'I. C. White. Bull. 65, U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 98, 1891; and Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 328-331; 1903.
"This fact (its being marine fossiliferous) has an important bearing upon the origin of the flint deposit, whether it is an original accumulation of siliceous matter like the flint in chalk, from the siliceous skeletons of diatoms and other minute forms of life, or whether the silica is derived by solution from the overlying sandstones, and has invaded the horizon from above by a kind of chemical replacement. The latter theory appears the more plausible from the facts already at hand, although it is possible that both agencies may have operated to produce the flint in question.'
tt
It ranges in thickness from 5 to 10 feet and usually strews the hillsides and drainage channels below its outcrop with rudely rectangular blocks two to six inches in thickness and width and 8 to 12 inches in length, these being bluish-black in color and practically insoluble under ordinary atmospheric conditions. Southward from the head of Armstrong Creek on to the waters of Paint Creek no exposures of flint at this horizon were observed by either Mr. Teets or the author, and it is doubtful if this phase of its occurrence is represented southwestward from the head of the former stream. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the special sections published in Chapter IV for Winifred^" Junction, Shrewsbury, Cedar Grove, Cannelton, Marting — 54 Mile Southeast, Harewood, Boomer, Gamoca, W5'ndal, House Branch of Bells Creek, and Belva in Falls District; for Crescent, Mt. Carbon, Columbia, and Powellton in Kanawha; and for Ansted in Mountain Cove. Its outcrop belongs slightly above midway between that detailed on Map II for the No. 5 Block and Coalburg Coal beds.
For a list of the species of marine fossil fauna thus far reported from the Kanawha Black Flint by Price, the reader is referred to the table at the end of this Chapter.
The Stockton Coal of White', belonging at its type locality — Cannelton, Kanawha County — ^immediately below the last stratum described and so named from Aaron Stockton who once mined it at the latter place, is fairly persistent in Fayette, attaining sufficient economic importance to be classed as a minable seam. It is always multiple-bedded and carries
•I. C. White, Vol. II. W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 538 ; 1903.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 235
both gas and splint types of coal, the latter predominating and usually occupying the basal portion of the bed. Its position in the Pottsville Series and its intimate association below the Kanawha Black Flint, which, as mentioned above, appears to represent the Lower Mercer Limestone of western Pennsylvania, tend to the most probable conclusion that it correlates with the Lower Mercer Coal of the same region of the latter State. This is further corroborated by D. B. Reger of the Survey Staff, who, in a verbal communication, reports the Kanawha Black Flint as belonging between the Upper Mercer and Lower Mercer Coal beds, near Hemlock in southern Upshur County, the farthest point northeastward from the Kanawha Valley region that the "Flint" horizon with characteristic marine fossils has been definitely identified. In the territory of this Report, the thickness and stratigraphic position of the coal are exhibited in the sections for Winifrede junction, Shrewsbury, Cannelton, Harewood, Boomer, and House Branch of Bells Creek in Falls District; for Crescent, Mt. Carbon, Powellton, Page, and Kingston in Kanawha; for Ansted in Mountain Cove, and for Potato Hill Knob in Fayetteville. It is not being mined commercially in the County, but it has been prospected to some extent. Its character at these diggings and crop exposures is described on subsequent pages in Chapter XI, along with Figure 7, showing its approximate minable area, and an estimate of its available tonnage.
The Upper Coalburq Sandstone.
The Coalburg Sandstone of White^ or the Upper Coal-burg Sandstone of the author* and Reger, belonging in the interval separating the coal last described from the underlying Coalburg bed, is very persistent, ranging in thickness from 25 to 75 feet. It is very similar in physical appearance and texture to the overlying Homewood and East Lynn ledges previously described, and frequently weathers into "toadstool forms" and "table-rocks," especially where exposed on points and ridges. It is always a prominent feature in the topog-
n. C. White, Vol. II(A}, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 468; 1908. ■Ray V. Hennen, Logan-Mingo Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 137-8; 1914.
236 Stratigraphy — The Kanawha Group.
raphy of Fayette, forming either prominent cliffs or steep slopes along its outcrop, the latter following closely the same region as that outlined on Map II for the immediately underlying Coalburg Coal. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are shown in the special sections published in Chapter IV for Falls, Kanawha, Mountain Cove, and Fayetteville Districts. No quarries were observed on it but it should be adapted to the same uses as prescribed on a preceding page of this Chapter for the East Lynn Sandstone, its wider exposures at a lower elevation furnishing a correspondingly greater supply of raw stone.
The Coalburg Coal.
The Coalburg Coal of White^, belonging at its type locality— Coalburg, Kanawha County — 60 to 100 feet below the Kanawha Black Flint, is very persistent and is mined extensively on a commercial scale in Falls District on Gauley River. It is always multiple-bedded and, like the Stockton, carries both gas and splint types of coal, the latter usually predominating, its interval below the Stockton being practically the same as for its type locality mentioned above. Its detailed outcrop is shown on Map II, and its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the special sections published in Chapter IV for Winifrede Junction, Shrewsbury, Cannelton, Boomer, Gamoca, Wyndal, House Branch of Bells Creek, and Panther Mountain for the Falls District region; Powellton, Page, and Kingston in Kanawha District; Ansted in Mountain Cove; and Potato Hill Knob in Fayetteville. On the basis that the Stockton represents the Lower Mercer, it is evident that this bed belongs in the Connoquenessing Sandstone Stage of the Pottsville Series of western Pennsylvania, the Upper Coalburg Sandstone being the highest member of that stage as represented in the Kanawha Valley. Reger^® tentatively correlates this bed with the Quakertown Coal of the northern portion of the State, but the author is inclined to
•I. C. WWte, BuU. 65, U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 162; 1891; and Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 548-556; 1903.
»«D. B. Reger, Barbour-Upshur-W. Randolph Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 274; 1918.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 237
believe that the latter is represented in the Kanawha Valley by the Campbell Creek as shown in the following section measured by Reger and the author and published on pages 97-9 of the Preston County Report for the Statte Geological Survey, with some additions and slight changes in correlation resulting from a recent trip by Reger, Price, and the author to this locality in the prosecution of a successful search for a fossil fauna in these exposures along the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad west of Rowlesburg. The author believes that the coal and the shale 457 and 469 feet from the top, respectively, represent the Eagle Coal and the marine fossiliferoiis Eagle Limestone and Shale of the Kanawha Valley, and, as the Campbell Creek Coal is very persistent northeastward from the latter region across Nicholas County into Webster, the Quakertown would appear to be its representative in the section. The Eagle Coal at its type locality in Fayette is usually soft and columnar in structure with 4 to 6 inches of bony or slaty coal at the top, features that are duplicated by the be^ correlated as the Eagle in the section below, the correlation being further strengthened by the intimate association of the marine fossil horizon (Eagle Shale) below it :
Thickness. Total. Allegheny Series (241') Feet. Feet.
Coal, bony.... O'lO"'
Coal, soft 2 0
Coal, bony 1 10
Slate, black... 0 1 Coal, 10" to... 1 0
Plre clay '. 1 7
Sandstone and shale 16 23
Shale, green and sandy 5 28
Limestone, gray and
hard I'S"
Shale, gray, limy, with
Limestone, gray and
hard, siliceous, with
shale layers 7 0 J
Pire clay shale 4 46.5
Fire clay with dark shale at top 5 59.5
Sandstone, limy and shaly 2 61.5
Upper Freeport
Upper KIttannIng 2.7 131.9 131.9'
^8 Stratigraphy — The Kanawha Group.
Thickness. TotaL Feet Feet.
Sandstone, massive 8 64.6
Shale, gray 4 68.5
Concealed, S2.5 121
Sandstone 2 128
Concealed 1 124
Shale, gray 5.2 129.2
Coal 0'3'
Shale, gray 0 5
Coal 0 6
Shale, gray 1 2
Coal 0 4
Concealed '. 51.1 183
Fire clay, plastic 15 198
Fire clay, with nodules of ferriferous limestone (Lower KIttannIng) 7 205
Sandstone, shaly. Lower KIttannIng 3 208
Shale, siliceous 1 209
Limestone, Vanport, siliceous, ferriferous.. 1 210 78.1'
Shale, brown, siliceous 4.7 214.7
Sandstone, flaggy 0.3 215
Coal, Upper Clarion 1 216
Shale, dark-gray 8 224
Sandstone, flaggy, slaty, finely laminated... 7 231
Coal, good I'l '
Slate, black 0 IH
Coal 0 7
Shale, gray 2 5%
Coal, bony 0 2
Shale, gray 2 5
Coal, bony 1 7
Coaly slate, hard 1 7 Pottsvllle Series, Kanawha Group (239')
Sandstone, Homewood, massive, white 28 269
Shale, dark, siliceous 5 274
Fire clay, indurated, with plant fossils 1 275
Coal 0 9 J
Shale, dark. 3 282
Sandstone, massive, dark-gray, medhimgrained
, micaceous 34 316
Shale, black, with iron ore nodules and
thin ferriferous limestone 7.2 323.2
Coal, Upper Mercer, (Stockton "A") 0.8 324 83'
Shale, black, laminated 5 329
Shale, siliceous 21 350
Sandstone, massive 2 352
Shale, black, finely laminated, Kanawha
Black Flint horizon? 2.5 354.5
Coal, good . . 0 5 J
Shale 3.5 359
Sandstone, Upper Connoquenessing, massive, gray and coarse 78 437
Lower Clarion Coal 10 241 31'
West Virginia Geological Survey. 239
Thickneea. Total. Feet. Feet.
Coal Q' S'' 1 Quakertown
Shale, soft, brown 4 7 KCampbell Creek?) 5.7 442.7 87.2'
Coai 0 7 J
Shale, green, brown, and siliceous 7.3 460
Shale, dark, siliceous, finely laminated 6 457
y Eagle 2 459 16.3'
Coal, soft, columnar 1 7 J
Shale, gray, laminated 10 469
Shale, Eagle LImstone horizon, siliceous, with many small iron ore nodules and fossil fauna, Deltopecten flabellum, Naiadltes
elongata, and LIngula 10.7 479.7
Coai, soft, Gilbert 0.3 480 21'
Pottsvllle Serlea, New River Group (91')
Shale, siliceous, yellow and brown 6 486
Shale, dark, siliceous, finely laminated 3 489
Limestone, very siliceous 2 491
Shale, green, siliceous 3 494
Slate, black, cannelly 1 0.8 494.8
•Shale, dark-green, finely laminated 4.2 499
Slate, Hartrldge?, black, siliceous, finely laminated, with fossil fauna of genus Lin-gula
5.6 504.6
Coal, Sharon (Sewell?), soft, columnar 0.4 505 25'
Shale, dark, siliceous, finely laminated, with
iron ore nodules 15 520
Sandstone, Sharon (Upper and Lower Raleigh), massive, white and brown, conglomeratic, quartz pebbles, with 5 feet of shale near middle, to top of Mauch Chunk Series of red shale and sandstone 51 571 65'
The above section, of course, does not show the Coalburg Coal which is no doubt an extra bed interpolated between separate members of the Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone as the latter undergoes enormous expansion southwestward to Fayette County from the Rowlesburg region.
The thickness and character of the Coalburg Coal at the several commercial mines and other exposures are described on subsequent pages in Chapter XI, along with Figure 8 showing its approximate minable area and an estimate of its available tonnage.
The Little Coaleurq Coal.
The Little Coalburg Coal of Reger and the author*', originally described as a split off the Coalburg bed proper, does not attain economic importance in Fayette, but it is noted in the sections for Cedar Grove, Kingston, and Potato Hill Knob, pages 118, 166, and 190, respectively.
The Lower Coalburg Sandstone.
The Lower Coalburg Sandstone of Reger and the author'*, belonging immediately below the coal last described, was definitely recognized near Powellton, its thickness and stratigraphic position there being shown in the section given for the latter place in Chapter IV, page IS8.
llie BufiFalo Creek Coal and the marine fossiliferous BufiFalo Creek Limestone of Reger and the author*'', belonging directly below the ledge last described at their type locality— Buffalo Creek, Mingo County — ^were not observed in Fayette. A further discussion of these two members, as regards their correlation in Mingo County, is given on subsequent pages of this Chapter under the description of the Winifrede Limestone. Price recently visited the Buffalo Creek region of the latter area and succeeded in locating the Buffalo Creek Limestone at practically the same interval below the Buffalo Creek Coal as it is shown by the author in the Rawl Section of the Logan-Mingo Report, pages 77-9. A list of the species of the fossil fauna that he collected on this visit is given in the table at the end of this Chapter.
The Upper Winiprede Sandstone.
The Upper Winifrede Sandstone of White^*, belonging in the Kanawha Valley immediately above the Winifrede Coal, is widely persistent in Fayette, ranging in thickness from 25 to 100 feet. It is very similar in physical appearance and texture
"Ray V. Hennen and D. B. Reger, Logan-Mlngo Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 140-1; 1914.
"Loc. clt.
"*LiOC. eft., pp. 142-3.
"I. C. White, Vol. II(A), W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 271; 1908.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 24I
to the Upper Coalburg ledge, described on a preceding page of this Chapter, and is usually a prominent feature in the topography, forming cliffs and steep slopes along its outcrop, the latter following roughly the same region as that outlined on Map II for the Coalburg Coal bed, as it belongs only 30 to 50 feet below the latter seam. Its thickness and stratigpraphic position are exhibited in the special sections published in Chapter IV for Shrewsbury, Cannelton, Gamoca, and Belva — 0.7 Mile South in Falls District; Panther Mountain in Nicholas County ; Crescent, Powellton, and Kingston in Kanawha District; and Potato Hill Knob in Fayetteville District. No quarries were observed on it, but this ledge should be adapted lo practically the same economic uses as prescribed for the East Lyinn ledge.
The Winifrede Coal.
The Winifrede Coal of White^*, belonging at its type locality, near Winifrede in Kanawha County, 175 to 200 feet below the Kanawha Black Flint and 70 to 100 feet below the Coalburg ,Coal, is fairly persistent in Fayette and usually occupies the same relative position below the two members mentioned. It is usually multiple-bedded and carries both gas and splint types of coal, the latter predominating. It has never been mined commercially in the County, but its thickness and stratigpraphic position are given in the sections published in Chapter IV for Winifrede Junction, Shrewsbury, Cedar Grove, Cannelton, Boomer — ^ Mile East, and Wyndal in Falls District ; Powellton, Page and Kingston in Kanawha ; and Potato Hill Knob in Fayetteville. These show it ranging from a few inches to over 5 feet in thickness. Its bed section appears to be somewhat irregular but it is believed to attain suiBcient thickness and purity to warrant its classification as a minable bed, this being especially true as the thicker and more regular seams begin to approach exhaustion as a result of mining operations. A further description of it will be given on subsequent pages in Chapter XI, along with Figure 9, showing its approximate minable area, as also an estimate of its available tonnage.
"I. C. White, Bull. 65, U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 162; 1891; and Vol. II. W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 556; 1903.
242 Stratigraphy — The Kanawha Group.
The Lower Winifrede Coal.
The Lower Winifrede Coal of Krebs*", belonging in Raleigh County, 6 to 50 feet below the bed last described, does not appear to attain economic importance in the territory of this Report, although it is shown in the special sections given in Chapter IV for Cannelton and Kingston, pages 119 and 166, respectively.
The Lower Winifrede Sandstone.
The Lower Winifrede Sandstone of White*', belonging in the Kanawha Valley immediately below the bed last described, attains practically the same development in Fayette as the Upper Winifrede ledge which it resembles both in texture and physical appearance. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the special sections given in Chapter IV for Winifrede Junction, Shrewsbury, Cedar Grove, Cannelton, Belva — 0.7 Mile South, and House Branch of Bells Creek in Kails District; Mt. Carbon and Powellton in Kanawha; and Potato Hill Knob in Fayetteville District. No quarries were observed on it but its wide exposures in cliffs should furnish an abundance of raw stone suitable for concrete aggregate.
The Chilton "A" Coal.
The Chilton "A" Coal of Reger and the author", belonging at its type locality in Logan County about midway between the Winifrede and Chilton Coal beds, is of minor importance in Fayette, the only point it is recorded being in the Kingston region as shown in the section in Chapter IV, for the latter place, page 166.
"C. E. Krebs, Raleigh Co. Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 339 ; 1916. "I. C. White, Vol. 11(A). W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 271; 1908. *TUy V. Hennen and D. B. Reger, Logan-Mingo Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 146-7; 1914.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 243
The Winifrede Limestone.
The marine fossiliferous Winifrede Limestone of White^*, belonging at its type locality — ^near Winifrede, Kanawha County, 65 to 70 feet below the Wniifrede Coal and 20 to 30 feet above the Chilton Coal, is usually represented by 5 to 10 feet of dark-gray argillaceous shale, with marine fossils in profusion, those of the genus Productus predominating as at Winifrede. Its stratigraphic position is shown in the special sections given in Chapter IV for Cannelton and Potato Hill Knob, pages 119 and 190, respectively, the only localities it was observed. The latter section shows it belonging directly over the Upper Chilton Sandstone instead of immediately at the base of this ledge as tentatively placed by the author on pages 52 and 141 of the Wyoming-McDowell Report. It is possible that this marine horizon may represent the Buffalo Creek Limestone of Mingo County as shown by Reger and the author on pages 78, 101, and 143 of the Logan-Mingo County Report. Such a correlation would make the Buffalo Creek Coal of the latter County — as shown specifically in the Rawl Section of the latter Report — represent the Winifrede bed of the Kanawha Valley, a feature difficult to harmonize with the accurate detailed Clothier-Beech Creek Section, published on pages 50-4 of the same Report. In the latter section the positions of the Coalburg and Chilton Coal beds are fixed, and it is to be regretted that an opportunity was not afforded to study . and search the core from the diamond drill boring used in connection therewith to determine the position of the Winifrede Limestone fossils in it. Thus far only a single marine fossil horizon has been found in the State in any single exposure of the strata between the Kanawha Black Flint and the Dingess Limestone, a feature that tends to support the belief of the State Geologist, Dr. White, that the BuflFalo Creek Limestone represents the Winifrede ledge. This point should fie definitely removed from the field of doubt as a more detailed study of the fossil fauna of the upper portion of the Kanawha Group is prosecuted and better facilities for the study of the stratigraphy in the intermediate forested region are afforded
'1. C. White, Vol. 11(A). W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 431; 1908.
244 Stratigraphy — The Kanawha Group.
from the logs of the many diamond drill borings now being sunk and the many prospect openings being driven to test the character of the coal beds.
For a list of the species of marine fossil fauna thus far reported by Price, the reader is referred to the table at the end ot this Chapter.
The Upper Chilton Sandstone.
The Upper Chilton Sandstone of White, Reger and the author^*, belonging in the interval separating the Lower Winifrede Sandstone and the Chilton Coal, is usually present in Fayette County, where it is massive, medium-grained, micaceous and grayish-brown in color, ranging in thickness from 40 to 85 feet and forming cliffs or steep slopes along its outcrop. Its stratigraphic position is shown in the sections given in Chapter IV for Powellton — J4 mile Northwest, and Potato Hill Knob, pages 156 and 190, respectively. No quarries were observed on it and it is doubtful whether it would be suitable for concrete aggregate or for building material exposed to the weather, as it evidently carries a greater percentage of aluminous material that the ledges already described for the Kanawha Group.
The Chilton Coal.
The Chilton Coal of White'^ belonging at its type locality — Chilton, Kanawha County — 70 feet below the Winifrede bed, attains a development that warrants its classification as a minable seam in Fayette. It is usually multiple-bedded, carrying both splint and gas types of coal but it has never been mined commercially in the County. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the special sections given in Chapter 1 V for Winifrede Junction, Cedar Grove, Cannelton, Boomer — 54 Mile East, and Wyndal in Falls District ; Crescent, Powell-ton — J4 Mile Northwest, and Page in Kanawha; Ansted In Mountain Cove; and Potato Hill Knob in Fayetteville. Its
"I. C. White, Vol. 11(A), p. 271; 1908; and Ray V. Hennen and D. B. Reger, Logan-Mingo Report. W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 147-8; 1914. *I. C. White. Vol. IT(A), W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 430; 1908.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 245
detailed outcrop is indicated on Map II. This bed usually carries a 3-to 6-inch fire clay parting near the middle, which, on Dingess and Rum Creeks and the Guyandot River in Logan County where it is mined extensively on a commercial scale, becomes a chocolate-colored flint clay. In a paper read at the St. Louis, Mo., meeting of the Geological Society of America In December, 1917, I. C. White suggests the correlation of the Dean-Fire Clay Coal of Crider*^ with the Chilton bed of West Virginia. The former bed in Letcher County is a very valuable ■"key-rock" in that it is widely persistent and always carries a 3-to 6-inch parting of chocolate-colored flint fire clay near its middle, a feature that has been observed only for the Chilton bed in the Kanawha Group of the Pottsville Series of West Virginia, as mentioned above for Logan County. Its relative position in the measures with respect to other members below it that have been definitely identified in each State, further corroborates the suggested correlation.
In the Kanawha Valley the Chilton bed is evidently represented by the "Point Coal" in the Maiden and Winifrede Junction Sections of I. C. White as published on pages 509- 510 and 515, respectively, of Volume II of the State Geological Survey Reports. It is not now mined commercially in Fayette but it has been prospected to some extent. Its thickness and character at these diggings will be described on subse- <iuent pages of Chapter XI, along with Figure 10, showing its approximate minable area, as also an estimate of its available tonnage.
The Lower Chilton Sandstone, the Little Chilton Coal and the Hemshaw Sandstone of Reger and the author**, belonging in the interval separating the bed last described from the underlying Hernshaw Coal, are of minor importance in Fayette, but these are recorded in the special sections published in Chapter IV for Powellton, Kingston, and Powellton — Yi Mile Northwest, respectively.
"A. F. Crlder, The Coals of Letcher County; Ky. Geol. Survey; Nov., 1917.
"Ray V. Hennen and D. B. Reger, Logan-Mlngo Report, W. Va. Geol. 'Survey, pp. 150-6; 1914.
246 Stratigraphy — The Kanawha Group.
THfE HERN8HAW COAL.
The Hernshaw Coal of Reger and the author^', belonging at its type locality — Hernshaw, Kanawha County — 175 feet below the Winifrede Coal, 120 feet above the Cedar Grove bed and 240 feet above the base of the No. 2 Gas Coal, and locally known as the "Black Band" Coal, although present in Fayette, appears to be too thin and irregular to warrant classificatipn as a minable bed. It belongs 60 to 75 feet below the ChiltonjCoal and about 100 feet above the marine fossiliferous Dingess Limestone. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the special sections published in Chapter IV for Winifrede Junction, Shrewsbury, Belva — 1 Mile Northeast, House Branch of Bells Cieek, and Panther Mountain in the Falls District region; Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, Powellton — J4 Mile Northwest, Page, and Kingston in Kanawha District ; Ansted in Mountain Cove ; and Potato Hill Knob in Fayetteville and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 1 and 6 on Map II, published in Chapter XI.
The Naugatuck Sandstone and the Dingess Coal of Reger and the author**, belonging at their respective type localities in Mingo County in the interval separating the coal last described from the underlying Williamson Sandstone, were not 1 ecognized in Fayette County. In the light of the studies and investigations of this portion of the Kanawha Group in other legions of southern West Virginia since the completion of the field work in Mingo County in 1913, the author now believes that the bed at Dingess in the latter area, designated the Dingess Coal in the Report last cited, is one and the same with the Williamson Coal of the same Report and County, as corroborated by their marked resemblances in bed structure and the fact that the former has never been recognized in minable dimensions and purity away from the northwest border of Logan and Mingo Counties. The author now believes that the confusion in the correlation of these coal beds was caused by the assumption that the marine fossil horizon exposed on The north bank of Twelvepole, at an elevation of 9^ B., J4
"Loc. cit., pp. 156-163. ••Loc. clt., pp. 163-5.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 247
mile southeast of Dingess, was the same as the marine fossiliferous Dingess Limestone proper as exposed in the bed of the same stream at an elevation of lOKX B., ^ mile farther southeastward although this locality has not been visited since 1913. The first-mentioned exposure very probably correlates with the Seth Limestone which is further described on a subsequent page of this Chapter.
The Williamson Sandstone.
The Williamson Sandstone of Reger and the author-', belonging at its type locality — ^Williamson, Mingo County — from a few inches to 10 feet above the marine fossiliferous Dingess Limestone, is generally present in Fayette. It is usually massive to flaggy, medium-grained, micaceous, and greenish-gray in color, ranging in thickness from 20 to 50 feet. Its stratigraphic position is shown in the special sections given in Chapter IV for Cedar Grove, Cannelton, and Mulvane. No quarries were observed on it.
The Dingess Umestone.
The marine fossiliferous Dingess Limestone of Reger and the author^*, belonging at its type locality — Dingess, Mingo County — ^in the 10 to 40 feet of shales separating the ledge last described from the underlying Williamson Coal, was not observed within the borders of Fayette, but its true position in the measures of the Kanawha Valley was determined by the author from an exposure 6j4 miles northwestward on the north hillside of the Kanawha River at Cedar Grove, 0.7 mile northwest of the mouth of Kelly Creek, its stratigi aphic position here being exhibited in the section published in Chapter IV for Cedar Grove, page 118, and in another at Winifrede Junction, page 114. The former is important, in that it shows the presence of the horizon of the marine fossiliferous Sctii Limestone, 40 to 45 feet lower in the measures in the roof shales of the Cedar Grove Coal at the type locality of the latter bed.
"Ray V. Hennen and D. B. Reger, Logan-Mlngo Report, W. Va. (leol. Survey, p. 165; 1914. "Loc. clt.
248 Stratigraphy — The Kanawha Group.
For a list of the species of marine fossil fauna from the Dingess Limestone thus far reported by W. Armstrong Price of the State Survey Staff, the reader is referred to the table at the end of this Chapter.
The Williamson Coal.
The Williamson Coal of Reger and the author-^, belonging at its type locality — Williamson, Mingo Count}'^ — directly below the member last described and 80 to 90 feet above the Cedar Grove (Upper Thacker) Coal — is fairly persistent in Tayette, although too thin, impure, and irregular to warrant its classification as a minable bed. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the special sections given in Chapter IV for Shrewsbury, Cannelton, Boomer, Boomer — ^4 Mile East, and Wyndal in the Falls District region ; Crescent, Powellton — y2 Mile Northwest, and Page in Kanawha; and Ansted in Mountain Cove ; and in the log of Coal Test Boring No. 6 on Map II, the details of which are published in Chapter XL Its outcrop should belong about midway between the regions outlined on Map II for the Chilton and No. 2 Gas beds.
The Upper Cedar Sandstone.
The Upper Cedar Grove Sandstone of Reger and the author^*, belonging in the SO to 100 feet of measures separating the coal last described from the underlying Cedar Grove Coal, is very persistent in Fayette, being massive, medium-grained, micaceous, and greenish-gray to dove-colored, and ranging in thickness from 30 to 90 feet. Its stratigraphic position is exhibited in the special sections published in Chapter IV for Winifrede Junction, Cedar Grove, and Belva — 0.7 Mile South in the Falls District region; and for Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, Powellton — J4 Mile Northwest, and Powellton in Kanawha; and in the log of Coal Test Boring No. 6 on Map II, details of which are found on a subsequent page in Chapter XI. No quarries were observed on it, and, like the other sandstone ledges of the Kanawha Group below the Lower Wini-
''Loc. clt., pp. 166-8. "Loc. clt, pp. 169-170.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 249
frede, it appears to carry too much aluminous matter to be used successfully in crushed form for concrete aggregate or for building stone on exposed surfaces.
The 8Eth Limestone.
The marine fossiliferous Seth Limestone of Krebs^*^, belonging at its type locality — Seth, Boone County — 40 to SO feet below the fossiliferous Dingess Limestone, is present in Fayette in the 10 to 15 feet of shales intervening between the ledge last described and the underlying Cedar Grove Coal, as exhibited in the special sections published in Chapter IV for Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, in Kanawha District; Shrewsbury and Cedar Grove in Kanawha County; and Panther Mountain in Nicholas. In the latter section its correlation is uncertain, as no marine fossils were seen by Reger at This exposure. Under the description of the Dingess Coal on a preceding page of this Chapter, the author suggests its possible occurrence near Dingess, Mingo County, at 35 to 50 feet below the Dingess ledge, reference to it being made here in order to correct a probable erroneous statement by the author on page 168 of the Logan-Mingo Report that it was not observed in either of those two Counties.
A list of the species of fossil fauna thus far reported from the Seth Limestone by W. A. Price is published in a table at the end of this Chapter.
The Cedar Grove Coal.
The Cedar Grove Coal of White'**, belonging at its type locality — Cedar Grove, Kanawha County — 300 feet below the Winifrede bed, 5 to 10 feet below the Seth Limestone, and 100 to 120 feet above the No. 2 Gas Coal, attains sufficient thickness, purity, and regularity in portions of Fayette to warrant its classification as a minable bed, although not now being mined commercially within the County. It is usually multiple-
"C. B. Krebs, Boone County Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 155; 1915.
•»!. C. White, Bull. 65, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 138-140; 1891; and Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 662; 1903.
bedded, quite hard but not of the splinty type characteristic of the Winifrede and Coalburg seams, being rather intermediate between these and the soft coals in the basal portion of the Kanawha Group. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the special sections published in Chapter IV for Winifrede Junction, Shrewsbury, Cedar Grove, and Albion for the Falls District region ; Mt. Carbon, Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, and Powellton — J4 Mile Northwest in Kanawha; Ansted in Mountain Cove; and Potato Hill Knob in Fayctteville. Its outcrop follows roughly the same regions as outlined on Map II for the No. 2 Gas Coal, as it belongs only about 100 feet above the latter bed. At its type locality, mention above, it usually has about 5 feet above the main bed a 6-inch "rider"— the Cedar Grove "Rider" Coal of page 172 of the Logan-Mingo Report — a feature that is characteristic of the Cedar Grove Coal in the southwest border of the State, the latter bed being known locally in Logan County as the "Island Creek" Coal and in Mingo as the "Upper Thackcr" Coal. It has been prospected to some extent in Fayette. Its thickness and character at these diggings, along with Figxire 11, showing its approximate minable area in Fayette, and an estimate of its available tonnage are given on subsequent pages in Chapter XL
The Middle Cedar Grove Sandstone and the Lower Cedar Grove Coal of Reger and the author'\ both of which are the result of a "split" off the Cedar Grove Coal proper southward in Boone, Logan, Mingo, Wyoming, and McDowell, and the coal known locally in the latter three Counties as the "Lower Thackcr", do not appear to be represented in Fayette. Here the latter, originally representing the lower bench of the Cedar Grove proper, is separated from the upper bench by only a few inches of shale instead of by the heavy Middle Cedar Grove Sandstone.
•»Ray V. Hennen and D. B. Regrer, Logan-Mlngo Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 170-5: 1914.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 251
The Peerless Sandstone.
The Peerless Sandstone of Krebs'*, belonging at its type locality near Winifrede Junction, Kanawha County, 5 to 20 feet above the Peerless division of the Campbell Creek Coal, is widely persistent in Fayette. It is usually massive, medium-grained, micaceous, greenish-gray to bluish-gray in color, and ranges in thickness from 25 to 70 feet. It is the same as the Lower Cedar Grove Sandstone of Reger and the author^', as determined by the latter while gathering data in the field for this Report during 1916, the name Peerless holding by right of priority. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited ?n the special sections published in Chapter IV and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 1 and 6 on Map II in Chapter XI.
The Alma "A" Coal of Reger and the author**, belonging in Mingo County immediately at the base of the ledge last described and 10 to 20 feet above the Alma Coal, has apparently thinned away in the territory of this Report.
The Alma Coal.
The Alma Coal of White", belonging at its type locality — near Sprigg, Mingo County — 120 to 140 feet below the Cedar Grove (Upper Thacker) seam and 100 to 120 feet above the Campbell Creek Coal, as determined by the author on page 177 of the Logan-Mingo Report, attains sufficient thickness, purity and regularity in portions of Fayette to warrant its classification as a minable bed. It is usually multiple-bedded, carrying both gas and splint types of coal, the former predominating. The investigations of the author along the Kanawha River Valley during 1916 show that this coal belongs in the interval separating the Peerless Sandstone from ihe underlying Campbell Creek Limestone, and that the former stratum belongs about 70 feet higher in the measures in Mingo County than shown by Reger and the author in the General
"C. E. Krebs, Kanawha Co. Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 281; 1914.
"Ray V. Hennen and D. B. Reger, Logan-Mlngo Report, W. Va. Geol. Surrey, p. 176; 1914.
"Loc. clt.
"I. C. White, Vol. 11(A), W. Va. GeoL Survey, pp. 403-7; 1908.
Section of the Pottsville Measures on page 103 of the Report last mentioned, at the horizon of the Lower Cedar Grove ledge. The thickness and stratigraphic position of the Alma Coal are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Cedar Grove, Crescent, Mt. Carbon, Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, Page, Kingston, Potato Hill Knob and Herberton, and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 4 and 6 on Map II in Chapter XI. As it belongs only 40 to 90 feet above the No. 2 Gas Coal, its outcrop should follow roughly the same region as that outlined for the latter bed on Map II. It is not mined commercially in this area but it is exposed at crop and has been prospected to some extent. Its thickness and character at these exposures and diggings, along with Figure 12, showing its approximate minable area, and also an estimate of its available tonnage, are published on subsequent pages in Chapter XI.
The Monitor Sandstone.
The Monitor Sandstone of the author'* or the "Logan" of Reger and the author*^, belonging at its t3rpe locality — Monitor, Logan County — immediately below the coal last described and ranging in thickness from 30 to SO feet, was definitely recognized only in the southwest portion of Fayette, its thickness and stratigraphic position, as determined by Teets, being exhibited in the Kingston Section published in Chapter IV, page 166.
The Little Alma Coal of Reger and the author*®, belonging immediately at the base of the ledge last described, has apparently thinned away in Fayette, as it was not observed at many exposures of its horizon.
The name Lower Monitor Sandstone is suggested in this Report for the ledge in Logan and Mingo that was erroneously correlated with the Peerless on pages 103 and 183 of the Report for those two Counties, attention to which is called above under the description of the Alma Coal.
"•Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol Survey, p. 148; 1915.
"Ray V. Hennen and D. B. Reger, Logan-Mingo Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 178-180; 1914.
"Loc. clt., pp. 180-3.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 253
The Campbell Creek Limestone.
The Campbell Creek Limestone of White®^, belonging at its type locality — mouth of Campbell Creek, Kanawha County — 30 to 40 feet above the coal of the same name, is quite persistent in Fayette. It is generally represented by lens-shaped concretions and it has often a "cone-in-cone" structure, features that are characteristic of the limestones of the Kanawha Group throughout southern West Virginia. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the general section of the Kanawha Group and in the special sections published in Chapter IV for Cedar Grove, Kimberly, and Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, pages 118, 150, and 153, respectively. Its outcrop follows closely the same region as that outlined on Map II for the No. 2 Gas Coal. It is too thin, siliceous and irregxilar to be of much economic importance, only serving slightly to enrich the soil along its immediate exposures, but it serves as a valuable "key-rock" in the correlation of the adjacent members of the Kanawha Group and establishes the true position of the Alma Coal bed of Mingo County in the measures of the Kanawha Valley.
The Campbell Creek Coal.
The Campbell Creek Coal of White*®, belonging at its type locality — near the mouth of Campbell Creek, Kanawha County — ^20 to 40 feet below the limestone last described, is a widely persistent and a very valuable deposit of fuel in Fayette. It is always multiple-bedded and much softer than any of the beds above it in the Kanawha Group. Southeastward along the Kanawha River from its type locaitly, the upper and lower benches are usually separated into two distinct beds by 5 to 35 feet of dark, argillaceous shale carrying plant fossils and a marine fossil fauna of the genus Lingula, this being especially true when the latter member thins below 10 feet. As shown in the reference last cited, the upper bench is then known as
"^. C. White, Bull. 65. TJ. S. Geol. Survey, p. 168; 1891; and Vol. II. W. Va. (JeoL Survey, p. 566; 1903.
"L C. White, Bull. 65. TJ. S. Geol. Survey, p. 170; 1891; and Vol. n, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 567-584; 1903.
the Peerless Coal, and the lower, the No. 2 Gas. Both have been mined extensively on a commercial scale in the County as separate and distinct beds, and one operation (No. 39 on Map II) on Morris Creek, southward from Montgomery, has for its mining section of 6 feet the Peerless and the upper bench of the No. 2 Gas Coal, the top of a thick parting slightly above the middle of the latter constituting the pavement. The thickness and stratigraphic position of these two divisions of the Campbell Creek Coal proper are exhibited in the sections given in Chapter IV and in the logs of the Coal Test Borings published on subsequent pages in Chapter XI. The No. 2 Gas division, the detailed outcrop of which is shown on Map II, is the "key-rock" on which the green structure contours are based on the same map. In Chapter III, page 88, is published a table of intervals showing its approximate distance in feet above and below other well-known members of the rock column at 18 scattered points in the County.
The Campbell Creek Coal, as shown by Reger and the author on pages 185-190 of the Logan-Mingo Report, is the same as the "Warfield", "Freebum", "Bumwell", and "Upper War Eagle" beds of Mingo County.
The thickness and character of both the Peerless and No. 2 Gas beds at the commercial mines and prospects, and the approximate minable area as shown on Figure 13, are published on subsequent pages in Chapter XI, along with an estimate of the available tonnage.
The Lower Campbell Creek Sandstone of Krebs^S belonging in the interval separating the bed last described from the underlying Lower Campbell Creek Coal, is thin and lenticular in Fayette. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the Cannelton Section, page 119, and in the log of Coal Test Boring No. 6 on Map II, published in Chapter XL
**C. E. Krebs, Raleigh County Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 327; 1916.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 255
The Lower Campbell Creek Coal.
The Lower Campbell Creek Coal of Krebs*^ belonging in the interval separating the ledge last described from the underlying Brownstown Sandstone, is thin, irregular, and usually slaty in Fayette, although developing locally into slightly over 3 feet of fair coal in the Herberton region, a feature, however, that hardly warrants its classification as a minable bed. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections ^ven in Chapter IV for Cannelton. Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, Page, Kingston, and Her-berton ; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 2, 5, and 6 on Map II, published in Chapter XI.
The Brownstown Sandstone.
The Brownstown Sandstone of White*", belonging at its type locality — Brownstown (now Marmet), Kanawha County — ^just below the Campbell Creek Coal, being bluish-gray in color, medium-grained, and ranging in thickness from 25 to 35 feet, is widely persistent in Fayette, usually occupying most of the interval between the coal last described and the underlying Powellton Coal. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections given in Chapter IV for Cannelton, Marting, Vanetta, Wyndal, and Panther Mountain for the Falls District region; Mt. Carbon, Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, Beckwith, Powellton — J4 Mile Northwest, and Kingston in Kanawha ; Ansted and Mulvane in Mountain Cove ; Herberton in Fayetteville ; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 1, 5, and 7 on Map II, published on subsequent pages in Chapter XI. No quarries were observed on this ledge in Fayette but according to the reference last cited, it has been quarried considerably in Kanawha County along the Kanawha River for use in the U. S. Government's locks and dams on the latter stream. Its outcrop throughout the County should follow closely the same region as that outlined on Map II for the No. 2 Gas Coal bed.
*T>oc. cit., p. 328.
"n. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 586; 1903.
The Powellton "A" Coal.
■
The Powellton "A" Coal of Reger and the author**, belonging at its type locality in Mingo County, immediately at the base of the sandstone last described and. 15 to 20 feet above the Powellton ("Hatfield Tunnel") Coal, is thin and unimportant as in the latter area, its thickness and stratigraphic position being exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Powellton — J4 Mile Northwest, and Kingston and in the log^ of Coal Test Borings Nos, 1 and 12 on Map 11, published on subsequent'pages in Chapter XI.
The Powellton (Brownstown) Coal of White**^, belonging at its type localities — Powellton, Fayette County, and Brownstown (now Marmet), Kanawha County — 5 to 10 feet below the Brownstown Sandstone, 60 to 70 feet below the Campbell Creek Coal and 60 to 100 feet above the Eagle bed, is widely persistent and a valuable bed of coal in Fayette. It is always multiple-bedded, medium-soft, columnar and mined extensively on a commercial scale in Kanawha District on the waters of Armstrong and Paint Creeks. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 12 on Map II, published in Chapter XI. Its outcrop should follow closely the same region as that outlined on Map II for the No. 2 Gas bed. Its thickness and character at the commercial mines, prospect openings, and crop exposures are described on subsequent pages in Chapter XI, along with Figure 14, showing its approximate minable area, and an estimate of its available tonnage.
**Ray V. Hennen and D. B. Reger, Logan-Mingo Report, W. Va. O^ol Survey n 192 * 1914 '
«I. C. White, Vol. II, pp.' 511-12 and 585; 1903; and Vol. 11(A), pp. 272 and 349; 1908; W. Va. Geol. Survey.
PLATE IX(a).— View looking northwest down Gauley River at CarnKex
Feny at mouth of Meadow River, showing topography of New
River Group and Guyandot Sandstone cliffs
at water-level on left.
PLATE lX(b).— View looking northwest across Sewell Creek valley from east slope of Boggs Knob at Sewell Mountain ridge on sky-line, showing topogra{>by of New River and Pocahontas Groups and Mauch Chunk Series.
i
West Virginia Geological Survey. 257
The Stockton (Cannelton) Limestone of White**, belonging at its type locality — Cannelton, Kanawha County — 75 to 80 feet below No. 2 Gas, 35 to 40 feet below the Powellton Coal, and 45 to 50 feet above the Eagle Coal, is very persistent in Fayette. According to the reference last cited, it was once manufactured into cement just across the Kanawha River from Montgomery at Cannelton and for that reason was known locally as the "Stockton" cement bed. It usually occurs in lenses, seldom exceeding 5 feet in thickness,^ carrying a high percentage of silica and seldom marine fossils. It often possesses a "cone-in-cone" structure similar to that described on a preceding page for the Campbell Creek Limestonf\ Twelve miles northwestward from Montgomery in Kanawha County, the author measured the following section at an exposure of the Stockton Limestone on the north bank of Simmons Creek, 0.7 mile northeast of the Kanawha River and 1%. miles eastward from Marmet, the limestone here carrying
marine fossils in profusion:
Feet. Inches.
Shales, sandy, visible 10 0
Limestone, Stockton, lenticular, cone-in-cone structure, marine fossil shells abundant (elevation, 675' B.) 1 6
Shale, sandy, to railroad grade, visible 3 0
In the above exposure this limestone belongs about 650 feet below the Kanawha Black Flint and about 100 feet below the No. 2 Gas Coal bed.
As published on page 152 of the Wyoming-McDowell Report, the author found marine fossil shells in the dark shales immediately underlying the Stockton Limestone on Huff Creek in northern Wyoming County, where these same shales form the roof member of the Matewan Coal bed. The roof shales of the latter coal at several prospect openings in southeastern Boone County also carry marine fossils. Hence, in spite of the scanty occurrence of marine forms in the ledge itself in Fayette, the Stockton Limestone and its immediately underlying shales were evidently deposited in water ranging from fresh through brackish to salt or sea water.
*•!. C. White, Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 511 and 586; 1903.
258 Stratigraphy — The Kanawha Group.
Its thickness and stratigraphic position in this County are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Cannelton, Smithers, Boomer, Deepwater — }4 Mile North, and Gamoca in Falls District ; and for Mt. Carbon, Kimberly, and Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, in Kanawha. Its outcrop should follow slightly below midway between the crops outlined on Map II for the No. 2 Gas and Eagle Coal beds.
The following section was measured by the author at its exposure on the east hillside of Morris Creek, 0.6 mile southward from the Kanawha River:
•
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Coal, No. 2 Gat, estimated 4 4
Slate and concealed 78 82
Limestone, Stockton, siliceous (710' B.) 2 84 84'
Shale, flaggy and sandy 10 94
Concealed 22 116
Shale, flaggy and sandy 10 126
Coal, Eagle, at closed digging 3 129 46'
Concealed to bed of Morris Creek 10 139 10'
In Mountain Cove District the author measured with aneroid the following section at its crop in a coal railway cut, 1 mile northward from Ansted and 0.2 mile southeast of Mine Opening No. 52 on Map II, 70 feet below the No. 2 Gas Coal, and at an elevation of 1680' B. :
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, massive, grayish-brown, Brownstown 35 0
Shale, sandy 8 0
Limestone, Stockton, siliceous, lenticular,
Shale, sandy 4 0
Shale, dark, siliceous 6 0
Coal, Matewan 0 6
Sandstone, Matewan
Like the Campbell Creek ledge, this limestone is too impure, irregular and scanty in its occurrence to be of much economic importance, serving only to slightly enrich the soil immediately along its outcrop.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 259
The Matewan Coal.
The Matewan Coal of Reger and the author*^, belonging at its type locality — Matewan, Mingo County — ISO feet below the No. 2 Gas Coal, 60 to 70 feet below the Powellton ("Hatfield Tunnel") Coal, and 20 to 30 feet below the Stockton Limestone, is present in Fayette but thin and unimportant from an economic standpoint. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Mt. Carbon, Kimberly, Colttmbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, Powellton — y^ Mile Northwest, Head of Powellton Fork, Head of Johnson Fork, and Kingston in Kanawha District; Ansted in Mountain Cove; Herberton in Fayetteville ; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 on Map II in Falls District. It is evident from the data given at these scattered points that it is too thin and irregular to be classed as minable.
The Matewan Sandstone of Reger and the author**, belonging at its type locality — Matewan, Mingo County — 5 feet below the Matewan Coal, is more or less lenticular and irregular, being absent entirely in the northwest border of the County. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the section published in Chapter IV for Herberton, page 193.
The Eagle "A" Coal of Reger and the author**, belonging at its type locality in Logan and Mingo Counties in the interval separating the ledge last described from the underlying Eagle Sandstone, was not observed in Fayette County.
The Eagle Sandstone.
The Eagle Sandstone of Reger and the author*®, belonging at its type locality — Man, Logan County — in the interval separating the coal last mentioned from the underlying Eagle bed, is very persistent in Fayette, where it is usually massive, medium-to coarse-grained, greenish-gray to brown in color, ranging in thickness, from 20 to 50 feet. It usually forms steep
**Ray V. Hennen and D. B. Reger, Logan-Mlngo Report, W. Va. Geo. Survey, p. 197; 1914. •Loc. cit., p. 199. ^"Loc. clt, pp. 62 and 200. ■T^c. cit., pp. 62 and 202.
260 Stratigraphy — The Kanawha Group.
slopes along its outcrop. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections given in Chapter IV for Marting and Vanetta in Falls District; Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, and Kingston in Kanawha; Parral and Herberton in Fayetteville ; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 on Map II, the details of which are published on subsequent pages in Chapter XI. As it belongs only 5 to 10 • feet above the Eagle Coal, its outcrop follows closely the same regions as outlined for the la'tter bed on Map II. No quarries were observed on it within the County.
The Eagle Coal.
The Eagle Coal of White*^, belonging at its type locality — Kagle, in the territory of this Report — 120 to 140 feet below the No. 2 Gas division of the Campbell Creek Coal and 90 to 100 feet above the marine fossiliferous Eagle Limestone and Shale, is very persistent and a valuable deposit of fuel in Fayette County. Here, it is usually multiple-bedded, soft and columnar, its bed-structure being in marked contrast to that prevailing in the same region for the coal beds in the upper portion of the Kanawha Group. It has been mined extensively on a commercial scale in Falls, Kanawha, and the southwest border of Fayetteville District, and is highly prized as a coking and steam coal. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in a number of the sections published in Chapter IV; in the logs of Oil and Gas Borings Nos. 12, 21, 22, and 29 on Map II, published in Chapter X; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 12 on Map II, published in Chapter XI. Its detailed outcrop is shown on the same map.
The "Middle War Eagle" of Mingo and "Mohawk" bed of western McDowell County correlate with the Eagle Coal as shown by the author on pages 203-4 and 154-5 of the Logan-Mingo Report and the Wyoming-McDowell Report, respectively.
Its position in the Pottsville Series in the northern border of the State is suggested by the author on a preceding page of this Chapter in the Rowlesburg (Preston County) Section
"I. C. White. Bull. 65, U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 140; 1891; and Vol. II, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 587; 1903.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 261
and the introduction thereto, given under the description of the Coalburg Coal, page 237.
Its thickness and character at the commercial mines, prospect diggings and crop exposures are described on subsequent pages in Chapter XI, along with Figure IS, showing its approximate minable area, and an estimate of its available tonnage.
The Bens Creek Sandstone and the Bens Creek Coal of Reger and the author**^, belonging at their type localities — Bens Creek, Mingo County — in the interval separating the coal last described from the underlying Decota Sandstone, were not observed, a feature that is not unexpected, since the Bens Creek Coal was originally described as a "split" off the Eagle bed proper southwestward from the northern border of Mingo County, the Bens Creek Sandstone occupying most of the interval between the two divisions of the latter coal.
The Decota Sandstone.
The Decota Sandstone of Krebs*', belonging at its type locality on Cabin Creek, Kanawha County, in the interval separating the Eagle Coal from the underlying Little Eagle hed, is very persistent in Falls, Mountain Cove, and the north- ■ern half of Kanawha District, but in the southwest border of the latter area, it frequently thins away entirely, permitting the junction of the two coal beds last mentioned. It is usually massive, medium-to coarse-grained, micaceous, greenish-gray to brown in color, and seldom exceeding 40 feet in thickness. Its stratigraphic position is exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Smithers, Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, Powellton, Sugar Creek, and Parral; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 6 on Map II, the details of which are published in Chapter XI.
"Ray V. Hennen and D. B. Reger, Logan-Mingo Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 204-6; 1914.
"C. B. Krebs, Kanawha County Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 292; 1914.
262 Stratigraphy — The Kanawha Group.
THE LITTLE EAQLlE COAU
The Little Eagle Coal of White", belonging at its type locality — Eagle, in the territory of this Report — ^20 to 30 feet below the Eagle Coal and 75 to 80 feet above the marine fossiliferous Eagle Limestone and Shale, is very persistent and attains minable dimensions over a considerable portion of the County. Like the Eagle, it is soft and columnar, and ranges in thickness from 18 inches to 4 feet. Its roof shales at Smith - ers carry fossil shells as in Wyoming County, these at Smithers being apparently brackish water in their origin. The thickness and stratigraphic position of the Little Eagle Coal are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV. It was once mined commercially as a separate and distinct bed northward from Parral at Coal Mine No. 93 on Map II, as shown in the section for Parral, page 186. On the waters of Paint Creek in the southern border of Kanawha District, the shales and sandstone separating this bed from the overlying Eagle Coal have thinned almost entirely away, permitting both to be mined commercially as a single bed, as exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Keeferton, Kingston — 1.7 Miles West, and Kingston, pages 164, 165, and 166, respectively. Its outcrop should follow closely below the same region as outlined on Map II for the Eagle Coal. Its thickness and character at the commercial mines, prospect diggings and other exposures, along with Figure 16, showing its approximate minable area, are published in Chapter XI, as also an estimate of its available tonnage.
The Cedar Coal and the Grapevine Sandstone of Reger and the author'*, belonging at their type localities in southern Mingo County in the interval separating the coal last described from the underlying marine fossiliferous Eagle Limestone and Shale, were not observed. The absence of the first mentioned, however, is not unexpected as it was originally described as probably a "split" off the Little Eagle bed proper of the Kanawha Valley, a local feature for its type locality.
"I. C. White. Bull. 65, U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 177; 1891; and Vol. n, W. Va, Geol. Survey, pp. 592-3; 1903.
"Ray V. Hennen and D. B. Reger, Logan-Mingo Report, W. Va. Geol. Surrey, p. 210^211; 1914.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 263
The stratigraphic position of each in the southern border of the State is exhibited in the General Section of the Pottsville Series, in Chapter IV, page 105.
The Eagle Limestone And Shale.
The marine fossiliferous Eagle Limestone and Shale of White***, belonging at their type locality — Eagle, in the territory of this Report — ^90 to 100 feet below the Eagle Coal and 75 to 80 feet below the Little Eagle bed, and both together ranging in thickness from 5 to 20 feet, are probably the most persistent "key-rocks" of the Pottsville Series of West Virginia. The author has personally traced this marine horizon from Camden-on-Gauley in western Webster County, southwestward across Nicholas, Fayette, Kanawha, Boone, Logan and Mingo Counties to the Kentucky State Line, 0.4 mile east of Delorme ; and then southeastward in Mingo and across McDowell County to the Virginia State Line near Paynesville P. O. Its position in the Pottsville Series in the northern border of the State is very probably represented by the fossiliferous shale, 25 to 30 feet below the Quakertown (Campbell Creek?) Coal in the Rowlesburg (Preston County) Section, published on page 237 of this Chapter under the description of the Coalburg Coal. Northeastward from Camden-on- Gauley, Reger, in a verbal communication, reports having traced it in Webster County to the waters of Holly River. Northeastward from the Summersville region of Nicholas County, it appears to lose its marine character, the fossil shells indicating a brackish-water fauna.
In Fayette the limestone is locally known as "Black Marble", as it is usually dark in color, and it occurs in lenses frequently with a "cone-in-cone" structure, with a high percentage of silica. Although the associated dark fossiliferous shale is always present, the same is not true for the limestone, as it is often absent and frequently replaced by 6 inches to 2 feet of yellowish-brown, highly marine fossiliferous sandstone, features that are characteristic of it in Logan, Mingo, Wyom-
■T. C. White. Bull. 66, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 140 and 177; 1891; and Vol. 11, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 593 ; 1903.
ing, and McDowell Counties. The thickness and stratigraphic position of both the limestone and shale are exhibited in the Cieneral Section of the Pottsville and the special sections published in Chapter IV for Vanetta, Gamoca, Albion, and Mouth of Peters Creek in the Falls District region; Mt. Carbon, Deepwater, Kimberly, Columbia, Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, Elk Ridge, Powellton, Keeferton, and Kingston in Kanawha District; Ansted and Mulvane in Mountain Cove; and Fayetteville — 1J4 Miles Northwest, Sugar Creek, Parral, Carlisle, Potato Hill Knob, and Herberton in Fayetteville. Its detailed outcrop is shown on Map II.
In addition to the exposures noted in the several sections mentioned, three others will now be described in southern Kanawha District. The following section was measured at an exposure of the Eagle Limestone on the east hillside of Powell-ton Fork, 0.2 mile northwest of the mouth of Woodrum Branch, the ledge belonging here 100 feet below the crop of the Eagle Coal and 200 feet below the Powellton bed at Coal
Mine No. 58 on Map II :
Feet. Inches.
Shales, sandy and flaggy, ylslble 15 0
Limestone, Eagle, black, cherty (1390' B.) . . 1 0
Sandstone, yellowish-brown, nnarlne fossils 1 0
Shale, black, Eagle, to bed of Powellton Fork 6 0
The following section was measured by the author at an exposure on the east bank of Armstrong Creek, 0.3 mile northwest of the junction of Right and Left Forks :
Feet. Inches.
Shale, sandy, flaggy, laminated, dark and buff 35 0
Limestone, black, lenticular, 0" to 1'3"
Slate, black 1 0 Eagle
Slate, black, bituminous.. 0 3 -Limestone 3 2
rine fossils abundant, 2" to 0 8 J
Shale, Eagle, dark, to bed of Armstrong Creek 6 0
The author collected a sample of the upper limestone here for analysis, the composition of which, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is as follows :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 265
Per cent.
Loss on ignition 1.07
Total 99.42
The above sample is typical of the occurrence of the Eagle Limestone in the southern half of the State, and the results show that it carries a high percentage of the impurities— Silica, Ferric Iron, and Alumina.
A list of the species of the marine fossil fauna from both the limestone and the shale, thus far reported by W. Armstrong Price, is published in a table at the end of this Chapter.
The Little Cedar Coal.
The Little Cedar Coal of Reger and the author'^, belonging at its type locality — Cedar, Mingo County — immediately at the base of the marine fossiliferous stratum last described, was observed along the southeast outcrop of the basal members of the Kanawha Group in Fayette, where it appears to he irregular in its deposition and hardly attaining sufficient thickness. to class it as a minable bed. Its stratigraphic position is exhibited in the sections given in Chapter IV for Parral, Potato Hill Knob, and Herberton, all in Fayetteville District. The latter town is 48 miles northeast of the type locality of this bed in Mingo. It was also observed by the author'* in western McDowell and Wyoming Counties, thus indicating for it a wide distribution, although not attaining minable dimensions, purity, and regularity.
"Ray V. Hennen and D. B. Reger, Logan-Mlngo Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 215; 1914.
"Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 161-2; 1915.
The Low'Er War Eagle Sandston'E.
The Lower War Eagle Sandstone of Reger and the author***, belonging at its type locality — Turkey Creek, near War Eagle, Mingo County — in the 35 to 40 feet of measures separating the overlying Eagle Limestone and Shale from the underlying Lower War Eagle Coal and ranging in thickness from 20 to 30 feet, is very persistent in Fayette. Here it is usually massive, coarse, friable, and greenish-gray to brown in color, and it generally forms prominent bluffs or escarpments along its outcrop. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Albion, Peters Creek, Panther Mountain, and Deitz in the Falls District region; Elk Ridge, Powellton — J4 Mile Northwest, and Powellton in Kanawha District; and Fayetteville — 1.5 Miles Northwest, Sugar Creek, Parral, Bishop, and Potato Hill Knob in Fayetteville District. Its outcrop should follow loughly the same region as that outlined for the Eagle Limestone and Shale on Map II. No quarries were observed on it, and it is doubtful if it could be used successfully for walls and building purposes in structures exposed to the weather, owing to its usually soft and friable nature where exposed at outcrop.
The Lower War Eagle Coal.
The Lower War Eagle Coal of White*®, belonging at its type locality — east hillside of Turkey Creek, LS miles northeast of War Eagle, Mingo County — 5 to 10 feet below the sandstone last described, 256 feet below the Eagle ("Middle War Eagle") Coal, and 59 feet below the marine fossiliferous Eagle Limestone and Shale, is very persistent in Fayette, at an interval ranging from 20 to 60 feet below the latter members. It is usually multiple-bedded, soft and columnar, ranging in thickness from a few inches to 3 feet, including the parting shale, in the Herberton region. As in Mingo County and in western Wyoming and McDowell, it usually has for its roof
"Bay V. Hennen and D. B. Reger, Logan-Mlngo Report, W. Va. Oeol. Survey, p. 216; 1914.
"I. C. White, Vol. 11(A), W. Va, Geol. Survey, pp. 318 and 826; 1908.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 267
a black, cannelly slate, 12 to 18 inches in thickness, which, near Herberton, carries many fossil shells of the genus Lingula. In Volume 11(A) of the State Survey Reports, pages 326, 330, and 342, the ''Kidd" Coal at Opening 98 on Map II, slightly less than one-half mile west of the latter town, has been erroneously correlated with the Lower War Eagle bed. The Herberton Section, page 193, shows that the former belongs 276 feet lower in the measures at the horizon of the Douglas Coal of the author**.
Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Panther Mountain, Deepwater, Powellton — J4 Mile Northwest, Kingston, Fayetteville — 1.5 Miles Northwest, and Herberton. Owing to its irregular bed-section, it can hardly be classed as a minable seam, although that portion of Kanawha and Fayetteville Districts lying to the southwest of Paint Creek may possibly furnish a considerable tonnage from this bed.
The Upper Gilbert Sandstone.
The Upper Gilbert Sandstone of Reger and the author'*, longing at its type locality — Gilbert, Mingo County — 1 to 5 feet below the coal last described and ranging in thickness from 40 to SO feet, is widely persistent in Fayette, where it is usually massive, coarse, micaceous, friable, and brown in color, in the northeastern border of the County frequently coalescing with the Lower Gilbert Sandstone into a great ledge 50 to 60 feet in thickness. When the last-mentioned feature occurs, the intervening Olenalum Tunnel Coal, described next below, is cut away entirely. The thickness and stratigraphic position of this sandstone are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Albion and Panther Mountain for the southern edge of Nicholas County; for Deepwater in Kanawha District; Ansted and Mulvane in Mountain Cove; Parral, Bishop, Potato Hill Knob, and Herberton in Fayetteville; and in the log of the Montgomery Heirs No. 1 well (No. 11 on Map II),
•'Ray V. Hezmen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Qeol. Survey, pp. 181-2; 1915.
"Ray V. Hennen and D. B. Reger, Logan-Mlngo Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 217-8; 1914.
published in Chapter X. Its outcrop should follow closely the same region outlined on Map II for the Gilbert Coal, as it belongs only 60 to 125 feet above the latter bed.
The sandstone quarry on the east bank of Gauley River, opposite the mouth of Twentymile Creek and 0.3 mile southeast of Belva, appears to be in the Upper Gilbert ledge, its base belonging, as it does, 260 feet below the No. 2 Gas Coal bed and 35 to 40 feet below the horizon of the marine fossiliferous Eagle Limestone and Shale. Teets obtained the following data at this quarry :
Sandstone Quarry No. 1 on Map II.
Feet.
Shale, sandy
Sandstone, Upper Gilbert, quarry ledge, massive, medium-grained, micaceous, gray 20
«i
'Blevation of base of quarry, 715' L.; quarry face about 300 feet long, stone from the same being uaed in the construction of the foundation and abutments of the O. & O. Railroad bridge over Gauley River at this point.'
i»
This is the only quarry observed on this ledge within the County; in fact, at many of its crop exposures it appears to be too soft and friable to stand weathering in exposed structures.
The Oceana Limestone of the author, originally described on pages 164-S of the Wyoming-McDowell County Report of the State Geological Survey and belonging at its type locality — Oceana, Wyoming County — in the shale interval separating the ledge last described from the underlying Glenalum Tunnel C^oal, was not observed in Fayette County.
The Glenalum Tunnel Coal.
The Glenalum Tunnel Coal of Reger and the author•^ belonging at its type locality — Glenalum Junction, Mingo County — 80 to 100 feet below the Lower War Eagle bed and immediately above the Lower Gilbert Sandstone, is fairly persistent in Fayette and attains sufficient thickness, purity, and regularity in the southern border of Kanawha and the south-
63
Loc. cit., pp. 218-9 and 707-715.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 269
west border of Fayetteville District to warrant its classification as a minable seam. As at its type locality, it is usually soft, columnar, and multiple-bedded. It has never been mined commercially in the State. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections given in Chapter IV for Elk Ridge, Powellton — J^ Mile Northwest, Powellton, Keefer-ton, and Kingston in Kanawha District, Ansted in Mountain Cove; Carlisle, Potato Hill Knob, and Herberton in Fayetteville; and in the logs of test wells for oil and gas — Montgomery Heirs Nos. 1 and 2, Nos. 11 and 12 on Map II, respectively. Its outcrop follows closely the same region as that shown on Map JI for the Gilbert Coal.
Its thickness and character at prospect openings and crop exposures, along with Figure 17, showing its approximate minable area, and an estimate of its available tonnage, are published in Chapter XI.
The Lower Gilbert Sandstone.
The Lower Gilbert Sandstone of Reg^r and the author'*, belonging at its type locality — Gilbert, Mingo County — immediately below the coal last described, 20 to 40 feet below thr Upper Gilbert Sandstone, and ranging in thickness from 50 to 80 feet, is widely persistent in Fayette, although not attaining the massive development of the former County. It is very similar in physical appearance and texture to the Upper Gilbert ledge with which, as mentioned above under the description of the latter, it frequently coalesces in the northeast border of the County. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Albion in the southern edge of Nicholas County; for Elk Ridge, Powellton — J4 Mile Northwest, Powellton, Keeferton, and Kingston in Kanawha District ; and Carlisle and Herberton in Fayetteville. As it belongs usually less than 10 feet above the Gilbert Coal, its outcrop, along which it generally forms bluflfs and steep slopes, follows closely the same region as outlined for the latter bed on Map II. No quarries were observed on it.
■"Loc. ci*., p. 219.
The Gilbert "A" Coal of the author^*, belonging at its type locality — near Bearwallow Knob, southern edge of McDowell County — ^immediately at the base of the sandstone last described and 30 to SO feet above the Gilbert Coal proper, was not observed in the territory of this Report.
The Gilbert &Hale.
The Gilbert Shale of the author**, belonging at its type locality — western Wyoming County — ^immediately at the base of the sandstone last described, ranging in thickness from 2 to 10 feet, and carrying a fossil fauna that indicates largely marine deposition, is very persistent in Fayette, where it belongs directly above the Gilbert Coal. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Mt. Carbon, Deepwater, Powellton — J4 Mile Northwest, and Powellton in Kanawha District; Ansted in Mountain Cove; and Carlisle in Fayetteville, at the most of which places it carries fossil shells of types indicating either marine or brackish-water deposition. It is now the author's belief that the Dorothy Limestone of Krebs*^ is intimately associated with this shale instead of correlating with the Oceana Limestone as tentatively suggested on page 164 of the Wyoming-McDowell Report. As shown in the Mt. Carbon Section, page 147, this conclusion is corroborated by the presence of a fossil shell — AUerisma guyandotensis — in the Gilbert Shale, a species characteristic of the Dorothy Limestone in Raleigh County. At this Mt. Carbon exposure, the limestone immediately above the latter shale is dark in color, siliceous, and lenticular, with a "cone-in-cone" structure characteristic of the limestones of the Kanawha Group, its thickness ranging from 2 inches to 2 feet. This is the only point in the County that limestone was observed at this horizon.
A list of the fossil fauna thus far reported from the Gilbert Shale is published in a table at the end of this Chapter.
•Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. G«ol. Survey, p. 167; 1915.
*Loc. cit., p. 168.
•'C. E. Krebs, Raleigh County Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 353; 1916.
.t
West Virginia Geological Survey. 27I
The Gilbert Coal.
The Gilbert Coal of Reger and the author'*, belonging at its type locality — Gilbert, Mingo County — 20 to 30 feet below the Lowe Grilbert Sandstone and 0 to 5 feet above the Dotson Sandstone, is widely persistent in Fayette and attains minable dimensions over a considerable area in the County. It is soft, columnar, and multiple-bedded, seldom attaining 4 feet in thickness. Its stratigraphic position is exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Gamoca and Albion for the Falls District region; Deepwater, Powellton, Head of Johnson Fork, and Kingston in Kanawha District; Ansted in Mountain Cove; Potato Hill Knob and Herberton in Fayetteville.; and in the log of Coal Test Boring No. 13 on Map II, published in Chapter XI. Its detailed outcrop is shown on Map II. For reasons mentioned in Chapter IV in the introduction to the General Section of the Pottsville Series, page 100, the outcrop of this bed on Map II accompanying the Detailed Report for Wyoming and McDowell Counties, published in 1915, was erroneously made the division line by the author between the Kanawha and New River Groups of the last-mentioned series, instead of at the top of the Panther (Upper Nuttall) Sandstone, 270 feet lower in the measures.
The Gilbert Coal has not been mined commercially but it has been opened extensively by natives, especially in the northeast portion of the County. Its thickness and character at these diggings and at crop exposures, along with Figure 18. showing its approximate minable area, are published in Chapter XI, as also an estimate of its available tonnage.
The Dotson Sandstone.
The Dotson Sandstone of CampbeU®^ belonging at its type locality — Wyoming Station (formerly Dotson;, Mingo County — as determined by the author'®, 2 feet below the coal last described, 260 to 275 feet below the marine fossiliferous
•Ray V. Hennen and D. B. Reger, Logan-Mingo Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 221-2; 1914.
"M. R, Campbell, Tazewell Folio, No. 44, TJ. S, Geol. Survey; 1898.
'•Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. G«ol. Survey, pp. 85 and 180-1; 1915.
2/2 Stratigraphy — The Kanawha Group.
Eagle Shale, and attaining a thickness of slightly over 100 feet, is widely persistent in Fayette, where it is generally massive, softer, more friable, coarse-grained, micaceous, brown to reddish-brown in color, often carrying concretionary masses banded with iron ore streaks and seldom exceeding 60 feet in thickness. For reasons given in the introduction to the General Section of the Pottsville Series published in Chapter IV, page 100, this ledge, in the reference last cited, was erroneously correlated with the Nuttall Sandstone of Campbell and White^^, or the top member of the New River Group at their type locality in the territory of this Report. The section last mentioned shows what now seems beyond doubt to be the true division plane between the Kanawha and New River divisions of the Pottsville, in McDowell County, In the general section of the latter series, published on pages 51-60 of the Wyoming-McDowell Report, local names for McDowell County were given for the members of that portion of the rock column which should be included in the Kanawha Group instead of the New River.
The thickness and stratigraphic position of the Dotson Sandstone in Fayette are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Peters Creek, Panther Mountain, and Deitz in the Falls District region ; Deepwater, Powellton, Keeferton, and Kingston in Kanawha District ; Ansted in Mountain Cove ; Fayetteville — 1.5 Miles Northwest, Sugar Creek, Parral, Bishop, Carlisle, Potato Hill Knob, and Herberton in Fayetteville; and in the logs of test wells for oil and gas Nos. 11, 20, and 38 on Map II, published in Chapter X. Its outcrop should follow closely along the same region as that outlined on Map II for the Gilbert Coal.
At its type locality on the Mingo- Wyoming County Line, this sandstone carries many iron ore nodules The photograph published in this Report of an exposure of the same ledge in the northwest edge of the town of Fayetteville, exhibits numerous iron bands forming the enclosing shells of large concretionary masses. Here, it is so soft and friable that a
"I. C. WhitefBiiU. 65, U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 200; 1891; Vol. II, pp. 616 and 655; 1903; and Vol. IKA), pp. 253-4: 1908. W. Va. Geol. Survey; and M. R. Campbell, Raleigh Folio, No. 77, U. S. Geol. Survey; Vfec., 1901.
I
West Virginia Geological Survey. 273
water well was excavated through it without the use of explosives, a mattock and shovel only being utilized. However, in some portions of the County, it hardens into a rock capable of furnishing a fair building stone. At Sandstone Quarry No. 2 on Map II, in the northern border of Falls District, on the west bank of Rich Creek, J4 mile southeast from the Gauley River, Teets reports a quarry in a sandstone at an elevation of 726' L., the base of which belongs 425 feet below the No. 2 Gas Coal. This interval should place the quarry-rock at the horizon of the Dotson. He reports a thickness of 40 feet of sandstone and a quarry-face 75 feet in length and driven back 15 feet into the hill. He fails to give the purposes for which the stone was quarried, but it was probably utilized in the construction of buildings in connection with the mining plant, just opposite, on the east hillside of Rich Creek at Coal Mine No. 36 on Map II.
It also appears to be the Dotson ledge that is operated at Sandstone Quarry No. 3 on Map II, 6 miles southeastward in Mountain Cove District, 0.6 mile northeast of Ansted, at an elevation of about 1375' B., as determined by Teets, the base of the quarry coming here about 460 feet below the No. 2 Gas Coal bed and about 575 feet above the Sewell seam. Here, he reports the quarry-face 200 feet in length, 20 feet in height and driven southeastward 50 feet into the hill.
The Douglas "A" Coal of the author^*, belonging at its type locality in southern McDowell County immediately at the base of the sandstone last described, 30 to 50 feet above the Douglas Coal proper, and seldom exceeding one foot in thickness, was not observed in Fayette County.
The Douglas Coal.
The Douglas Coal of the author", belonging at its type locality — Douglas, McDowell County — 15 to 30 feet below the sandstone last described, is fairly persistent and attains minable dimensions, purity, and regularity in the southwest-em portions of Kanawha and Fayetteville Districts. As men-
"Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey. p. 181; 1915.
*»Loc. cit., pp. 181-2.
tioned on a preceding page under the description of the Lower War Eagle Coal, it is this bed instead of the latter that was formerly mined at the Lewis Klidd Coal Opening — No. 98 on Map II, slightly less than one-half mile west of Herberton, where it is locally known as the "Kidd" Coal and references to which are published by I. C. White on pages 326, 330, and 342 of Volume 11(A) of the State Geological Survey Reports. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited 'in the sections published in Chapter IV for Panther Mountain in the southern edge of Nicholas County ; Deepwater, Keeferton, and Kingston in Kanawha District; Ansted and Mulvane in Mountain Cove; Fayetteville — l.S Miles Northwest, Parral, Bishop, and Herberton in Fayetteville ; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 13 and 38 on Map II, the details of which are published in Chapter XI and in the Parral Section, page 186, respectively. It is always soft, columnar, and multiple-bedded and has an excellent reputation as a steam and domestic fuel. Its outcrop belongs about midway between those outlined on Map II for the Gilbert and Lower Douglas Coal beds.
Although mined commercially in McDowell County, there are no such operations in Fayette, but it has been prospected by natives for local domestic fuel. Its thickness and character at these diggings and crop exposures, along with Figure 19, showing its approximate minable area, are published in Chapter XI, and also an estimate of its available tonnage.
The Lower Dotson Sandstone.
From 0 to 5 feet below the coal last described and 20 to 40 feet below the Dotson Sandstone there occurs at the type locality of the latter ledge a heavy to current-bedded, medium-grained to coarse, grajrish-white to brown, sometimes conglomeratic sandstone, ranging in thickness from 60 to 100 feet, that was designated the "'Lower Nuttall" by the author on page 182 of the Wyoming-McDowell Report of the State Survey, for reasons already discussed above under the description of the Gilbert Coal and the Dotson Sandstone. As shown in the general section of the Pottsville Series published in Chapter IV, pages 106-7, the Nuttall Sandstones of the New
West Virginia Geological Survey. 275
Kiver region of Fayette County should belong considerably lower in the measures, so that the name suggested would not apply. Hence, it is renamed in this Report the Lower Dotson Sandstone in contradistinction to the Dotson ledge, as it also attains a fine development at the type locality of the latter sandstone in McDowell County. Its thickness and stratigraphic position in Fayette County are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Deepwater, Keeferton and Kingston in Kanawha District; Mulvane in Mountain Cove; Parral, Bishop, and Carlisle in Fayetteville ; in the logs of test wells for oil and gas — Nos. 14 and 37 on Map II, published in Chapter X ; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 75 and 80 on Map II, published in Chapter XI. Its outcrop, along which it usually forms steep slopes and sometimes cliffs, follows closely above that outlined on Map 11 for the division line between the Kanawha and New River Groups of the Pottsville Series. The latter feature does not often happen, as this ledge in Fayette is very similar in texture and physical appearance to that described above for the Dotson Sandstone in the same County. No quarries were observed on it within the area.
The Douglas Shale.
The Douglas Shale of the author", belonging at its type locality — Douglas, McDowell County — ^in the 10 to IS feet of interval separating the sandstone last described from the underlying Lower Douglas Coal, having a dark to black color and a siliceous and laminated nature, and carrying Lingula kanawhensis and some other obscure remains of gastropoda, is very persistent in Fayette. Here it is very similar in physical appearance and carries practically the same fossil fauna, or one indicating either marine or brackish-water deposition. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Mulvane and Fayetteville — 1.5 Miles Northwest and in several of the short sections below under the description of the Lower Douglas Coal ; also in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 16 and 37 on Map II, details of which are published in Chapter XI.
"Loc. clt, pp. 183-4.
276 Stratigraphy — The .Kanawha Group.
The Lower Douglas Coal of the author^', belonging at its type locality — Douglas, McDowell County — ^immediately below the shale last described, 100 to 120 feet below the Douglas Coal, and 1 to 5 feet above the Panther Sandstone, now believed to represent the Upper Nuttall Sandstone or top member of the New River Group, for reasons mentioned near the beginning of Chapter IV, is widely persistent in Fayette, although seldom attaining minable dimensions, purity, and regularity. It is usually soft and columnar, carrying slate partings, and ranging in thickness from 6 to 18 inches. Its stratig^aphic position is exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Fayetteville — 1.5 Miles Northwest and Bishop — 0.6 Mile Northwest; in the log of the Hill- Long No. 1 well — ^No. 6A on Map II — near Belva, published in Chapter X ; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings No. 16, 29, 37, 68, 75, and 80 on Map II, details of which are published in Chapter XI. Its outcrop is shown on Map II by the dotted division line between the Kanawha and New River Groups of the Pottsville Series. As mentioned on a preceding page of this Chapter under the description of the Gilbert Coal, the outcrop line of this bed instead of the latter should have been drawn on Map II, accompanying the Wyoming-McDowell Report, as the division line between the two groups last mentioned. In the reference last cited this bed was tentatively correlated with the Hughes Ferry Coal of White^*, belonging about 200 feet down in the New River Group ; and also with the Sharon bed of the northern border of the State. The more recent investigations of the author in Fayette, Nicholas, Clay, and Braxton Counties and western Webster; and those of Reger in Barbour, Upshur, Randolph, Webster and Nicholas Counties tend to prove that the latter bed may correlate with the Sewell Coal of the New River Group, and that the Hughes Ferry bed, instead of correlating with the Lower Douglas, is most probably represented by the larger Coal of McDowell County, 175 to 200 feet lower in the measures, for reasons given with the
"Loc. cit., pp. 184-5.
'•I. C. White, Vol. 11(A), W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 252-3; 1908
West Virginia Geological Survey. Zjj
introduction to the General Section of the Pottsville Series, page 100.
In Mountain Cove District at Coal Exposure No. 229 on Map II, in the James River & Kanawha Turnpike, ^ mile west of Victor, the author measured the following section :
Feet.
Shale, sandy 6
Shale, Douglas, black, with Lingula fossil shellu 3 Coal, Lower Douglaa, slaty, 8" to (1425' B.)... 1
Shale, gray, sandy 10
Sandstone, Upper Nuttall, visible 50
One and three-tenths miles eastward in the same turnpike, the author obtained the following section at Coal Exposure
No. 230 on Map II:
Feet. Inche&
Shale, Douglas, dark, foAsll shells
Shale, gray. 0 3V Lower Douglas 0 11
At Coal Exposure No. 231 on Map II, Yi mile southeast of Graydon, the Lower Douglas Coal is only 9 inches in thickness and slaty, 3 feet above the top of the Upper Nuttall Sandstone, at an elevation of 1755' B., as determined by the author at its crop in the public road. It is only 6 inches thick and slaty at Coal Exposure No. 232 on Map II, in the public road, 1.8 miles northeast of Graydon and 1.3 miles southeast of Mountain Cove P. O., at an elevation of 1715' B., as determined by the author.
In Kanawha District this coal has practically the same development as in Mountain Cove and its roof shale (Douglas) carries the same type of fossil shells. The following data were obtained at its outcrop on the east bank of Loop Creek, 0.8 mile north of Page and 0.1 mile north of the mouth of Robinson Branch :
Coal Exposure No. 233 <ki Map IL
Douglas 9
Shale, dark, sandy, visible. ... 4'^\ Feet.
Shale, black, hard, with Lin-gula
fossil shells 1 0
Shale, sandy 4 0
Coal 0' 6"!
Shale, black. 0 10 f Lower Douglas (1 110^ B.) 8.2
Coal 0 10 J
Shale, sandy 8
Concealed to top of Upper NuttaU Sandstone 7
Southward 5.7 miles in the same District, at Coal Exposure No. 234 on Map II, the Lower Douglas Coal is only 6 inches thick and slaty at an elevation of 1474' B., 5 to 10 feet above the top of the Upper Nuttall Sandstone, in the public road, J^ mile N. 30** W. of Mossy, as determined by the author.
In Fayctteville District, 2.2 miles southeastward, the following data were obtained at Coal Exposure No. 235 on Map II, in the hill road, 0.4 mile southwest of the Lick Fork Schoolhouse :
Feet Sandstone, Lower Dotoon, coarse, brown, and frl-able
, from road summit 85
Concealed 10
Shale, Douglas, buff and sandy 25
Concealed, mostly Upper Nuttall Sandstone 105
Siandstone, Lower Nuttall, grayish-white, oour
glomerate, visible , 32
About 7 miles northeastward in the same District, at Coal Exposure No. 236 on Map II, in the road, 1 mile slightly east of north of Oak Hill, the Lower Douglas Coal is less than 1 foot in thickness at an elevation of 1980^ B., about 480 feet above the Sewell Coal bed, as determined by the author.
It is evident from the foregoing data that this coal is too thin and impure to be classed as minable, but it is of interest as being the lowest member of the Kanawha Group thus far named and described in West Virginia.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 279
Age Of The Kanawha Group.
Fossil Flora.
The age of the Kanawha Group is probably contemporaneous with that portion of the Pottsville Series of western Pennsylvania that lies above the roof shales of the Sharon Coal, since it has been established beyond doubt that the latter bed belongs in the New River Group at very probably the Sewell Coal horizon, as tentatively indicated in the Rowles-burg (Preston County) Section, published in this Chapter, pages 237-239. Dr. David White, Chief Greologpist of the United States Geological Survey, has made a careful study of the fossil flora of several members of this group as it is represented in the Kanawha Valley region of West Virginia, and the results of his investigations, as published in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Volume XI, March, 1900, pages 157-169, are republished and discussed by I. C. White in Volume II of the State Geological Survey, pages 325-8 and 593-603, to which the reader is referred.
Fossil Fauna.
Fossil shells, indicating either marine or brackish-water deposition, have thus far been found at 12 different horizons in the Kanawha Group as shown below, the figures in the righthand column expressing intervals in feet below the top of the Kanawha Group as exhibited in the General Section of the Pottsville Series published in Chapter IV, pages 100-111.
Table of Marine Fossil Horizons, Kanawha Group.
Intervals. Feet.
Kanawha Black Flint 100
Winifrede Limestone 535
Seth Limeetone 820
Campbell Creek Limestone 1117
Roof Shale of Eagle Coal bed 1360
28o STRATIGRAPHY — THE KANAWHA GROUP.
Intervals. Feet.
Roof Shale of Little mile Coal bed 1480
Eagle Llmeetone and Shale 1544
Douglas Shale 2075
W. Armstrong Price, Paleontologist for the State Survey, has made collections of fossil shells from all these members since the year 1913. The following tables, taken from pages 678-679, inclusive, of the Raleigh County Report, exhibit not only the geographic distribution and stratigraphic range of the fossils of the latter Report, but also a list of the invertebrate fossils from the Pottsville Series of the State, compiled from previous Reports of the West Virginia Geological Survey.
In these tables, the following abbreviations are used : "a," abundant; "aa," very abundant; "c," common (where no symbol follows the description of the locality, the species is rare) :
List of Invertd>rate Fossils from the Pottsville Series of
West Virginia.
Species
Kanawha Group
V
c
o
o
c
m
c
fa
B
o
c
•
1
i
a
o
2
1
pa
U
S
9
•
d
1
C
Co
c
c
5
Jb
E
<3
c o
o
c o
c c
Os
u
is
o U
V
Co
73
o
U
o o Pi
o o OS
la cd
New River Group
o u o
J8
fas o
Pocahontas
Group
Co
•
o
2
01
O
U
a
c
o
M
g
•
On
Jb •
•
<••
o
M
O
m
m
fa
«t
«M
M
06
s
t:
o
a:
I
?
aa
Qionolithes canna sp. nov
Enchostoma elkcnsts Price ,
Enchostoma 8p ,
Vermea incerti
Spirorbia sp
Crinotdea indeterminata
Bryozoa indeterminata ,
Lingiila umbonata Cox....i. .,
lAaffaiz lemnipcata sp. nov
Crania znodestar White and St. John Schizopboria altirostris (Mather) . . . Schizophoria resupinoides (Cox) ?.. Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden).
Chone1%9 granulifer Owen J
Pruductus cf. cora d'Orbigny ]
I^t>ductti8 nodosus Newberry )
Productua sp I
Pustula syinmetrica (McChcsney). -I cf . J * 1...1 * Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood! | | |
Spinier boonesis Swallow ? | c
Spiriferina kentuckyenis (Shumard) Hustedia multicostata var. virginianar
▼ar. nov
Composita sp
Solenomya radiata Meek and
Worthen
Sangutnolites raleighensis sp. nov.
Prothyris carinata sp. nov
Solenopsis solenoides (Oinitz) . . Chaenoinya leaven worthensis (Meek
Edmondia sp.
Nucnla anodontoides Meek ?
Nucttla parva McCTbesney
Leda raeekana Mark
J...
aa
I
I ?
I...I
«
List of Invertebrate Fossils from the Pottsville Series of
Kanawha <
G'roup
New
River
Group
Pocahontas
Group
S"Pecies
c
c«
C n
c
1
it B
•J
t
u
o
3
a 2
a> V
B
it
Ci
u
1
V
c
1
1
n m
&
C
G
.c
it
u.
«
u U
5
B
Co
U
•
en
C
2
c
o
c c
c«
U
<s
it
O
■
09
o o
Or
"3
cd
O
•
m
O O
V
•
•g
Jq
8
o Q
'6
•
•s
n
9
•
•g "3
cc
00
•
o 55
"5
o U
•8
•m
O
•
•s
o o
•
•s ■fi
o 2
Parallelodon sp
•
Aviculipinna americana Meek
•
•
Myalina pemiformis Cox i . . . 1 . . . 1 . . . I . . .
l..".'..*.*.'|l---"l *"l--"
Mvalina subquadrata Shumard
*
' ' '
'
'
'
•
•
Schizodus affints Herrick
*
•
Schizodus cuneatus Meek.
•
Aviculipecten pellucidus Meek and Worthen . . .«
•
•
1
Deltepecten eaglensis sp. nov
•
*
•
•
•
•
Deltooecten so
Pectcnoidea I *
;'.'.l'.'.|'.;'.'i::"i''T'.;
?
Alleriwna tcrminalc Hall •
Allerisma guyandotensis sp. nov
' * 1 ' ' ' \ ' ^ '
•
c
•
c
'
Astartella Burlevi White.
•
PelecvDoda indeterminata
•
•
Minute DelecvDods
•
PlairioflrlvDta meekana fGeinitz^ ?. .
Bellerophon crassus var. wewokanus Girtv
•
Pieurotoraaria carbonnria Norwood 1 and Pratt^n 1 ?
Phanerotrcma grayvillensc (Nor- | wood and Prarttcn^ 1 - -
I...
1
I .
?
Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) . . . Strophostylus nanus (Meek and Worthen)
•
•
Gastrnnoda indeterminata
•
•
a
•
Nautilloidea indeterminata f ...
*
'
•
Ostracoda indeterminata. .«.
1
•
•
1
•
Cladodus sp | . . . | . . .
lelgh, Wyoming loUected by the ^B, in the area % of the Survey Hd neighboring t>rt are also inhich collections
iplke, 2.1 miles Conemaugh Se-
R. cut at grade p on west bank Eagle, 642' LrA. iinawha Group,
p at Winifrede t^ss Limestone, follow of Fields low, in town of fType Locality),
»8t of station at dp. North Fork
of Road Fork B-A. T., 8 feet
Shale.
of cornering of T. Kanawha
1st of mouth of Cyclone P. O.,
:e of sandstone,
branch of Clear 1st of mouth of t side of branch.
Creek of Clear h of the creek, Coal roof.
road, head of Sford, 1435' B-A.
■
on hill north of ! .lie northwest of
i thwest of Clear
' .1 mine side of
i
elton Limestone
List of Inverts
Species
Parallclodon sp
Aviculipinna amcricana Meelc.
Myalina pemiformis Cox •
Myalina subquadrata Shumarc Naiadites elongata Darwson . . •
Schizodus affinis Herrick
Schizodus cuneatus Meek
AvicuHpccten pellucidus Mcelc
Worthen • • •
Deltopectcn occidentalis (ShtJ Deltepecten eaglensis sp. nov . . Dcltopectcn flabellum sp. nov.
Deltopecten sp
Peclcnoidea
Liraa rctifera Shumard
AlleriRma tcrminale Hall
Allcrisma guyamdotcnsis sp. ti» Astartclla conccntr'ca (Conr»
Astartella srurlcyi White
Pclecypoda indctcrtninata
Minute pclecypods :••-."'
Plagioglypta meckana (Gciniti Bellerophon crassus var. wcwc
Enphemus carbonanus (Cox> . Pkurotomaria carbonana r*Jc
and Pratten -j.
wood and Pnttten) .....--• Schizostoma catilloides (Conn Stropbostylus nanus (Meek an
Sphaerodoma sp .... • • • • •
AcHsina conditi Marrk r
Aclisina sp ... • • • • • • • • • •
Conularia crustula White ?. .' Gastropoda indetermmata. . . •
Orthoceras sp.-i... ••-
Pscudorthoceras knoxense IM
Nautilloidea indetermmata. . . Tainoccras occidentalis (Swal Branch iata ? indeterminata. . . Griffithides scitulus (Meek an
Ostracoda indeterminata. .«. •,.
Pisces indeterminata
Cladodus sp
West Virginia Geological Survey. 283
"The following list includes all the localities in Raleigh, Wyoming and McDowell Counties from which fossils have been collected by the writer, (Dr. W. A. Price), together with those localities, in the area named, trom which collections made by other members of the Survey Staff have been studied. Localities in adjoining and neighboring counties from which fossils are described in this Report are also included. An asterisk (*) denotes the localities from which collections have been studied for this Report:
33.* Preston County, Valley District, Kingwood Turnpike, 2.1 miles east of Ree^SYille, 2170' B-A. T., roadside. Conemaugh Series, Brush Creek Limestone.
63.* Fayette County, Kanawha District, C. & O. R. R. cut at grade 1.1 miles south of mouth of Smithers Creek, on west bank of Kanawha River, % mile north of town of Eagle, 642' L-A. T. (Type Locality), Edgewater tipple. Kanawha Group, Eagle Limestone.
67.* Kanawha County, Cabin Creek District, hillside at Winifrede Junction, 837' L-A. T., Kanawha Group, Dingess Limestone.
68.* Kanawha County, Cabin Creek District, North Hollow of Fields Creek, 0.1 mile east of mouth of South Hollow, in town of Winifrede, 970' B-A. T., but not in place. (Type Locality), Kanawha Group, Winifrede Limestone.
71.* Mercer County, Virginian R. R. cut 100 yards east of station at Matoaka, Pottsville Series, Pocahontas Group, North Fork Shale.
72.* Wyoming County, Oceana District, north bank of Road Fork of Huff Creek, at its mouth at Swope, 1190' B-A. T., 8 feet above public road. Kanawha Group, ESagle Shale.
73.* Wyoming County, Oceana District, Huff Creek, 0.5 mile north of mouth of Laurel Branch, 1.4 miles south of cornering of Wyoming-Logan-Boone Counties, 1580' B-A. T. Kanawha Group, Cannelton Limestone (Matewan Coal roof).
74.* Logan County, Triadelphia District, 0.8 mile west of mouth of Sandlick Branch of Huff Creek, and near Cyclone P. O., shale under very prominent projecting ledge of sandstone, 830' B-A. T. Kanawha Group, Eagle Shale.
75.* Wyoming County, Clear BV)rk District, Walls Branch of Clear Fork of Guyandot River, 0.65 mile northwest of mouth of the branch, 1255'- BrA. T., old coal opening east side of branch, Kanawha Group, Gilbert Shale.
76.* Wyoming County, Clear Fork District, Cedar Creek of Clear Fork of Guyandot, 2.2 miles north of mouth of the creek. 1646' B-A. T. Kanawha Group. Little Eagle Coal roof.
77. Wyoming County, Huff Creek District, public road, head of
Little Cub Creek, 0.6 mile southwest of Botsford, 1435' B-A. T. Kanawha Group, Eagle Shale.
78. Wyoming County, Oceana District, 2005' B-A. T., on hill north of
Clear Fork, on trail leaving public road 0.4 mUe northwest of Crany P. O. Kanawha Group, Eagle Shale. 79.* Wyoming County, Oceana District, 0.1 mile northwest of Clear F6rk Gap on Guyandot Mountain, old coal mine side of road, 2570' B-A. T. Kanawha Group, Cannelton Limestone (Matewan Coal roof).
284 Stratigraphy — The Kanawha Group.
80.* Raleigh County. Trap Hill District, roadside 0.15 mile east of Clear Fork Gap on Guyandot Mountain, 2630' B-A. T. Kanawha Group, Eagle Lfimestone.
81.* Wyoming County, Oceana District, 0.1 mile north of mouth of Knob Fork of Clear Fork of Guyandot River, west side of stream 0.2 mile west of Knob Fork School, 1940' B*A. T., coal drift, Kanawha Group, Gilbert Shale.
82.* Wyoming County, Slab Fork District, Otter Fork of Laurel Fork of Clear Fork of Guyandot River, 0.7 mile above mouth of the stream, 1990' B-A. T., coal drift. Kanawha Group, Douglas Shale (Lower Douglas Coal roof).
83.* McDowell County, Sandy River District, 1006' B-A. T., on road on point west side of Shortpole Branch of Tug Fork of Big Sandy River, at mouth of branch. New River Group, Douglas Shale, (Lower Douglas Coal roof shale).
84.* Mingo County, Stafford District, 1280' B-A. T., on hillside 0.25 mile north of mouth of Fourpole Creek of Tug Fork of Big Sandy River, Kanawha Group, Eagle Limestone.
85.* Mingo County. Stafford District, Turkey Creek, 0.6 mile northeast of mouth of Star Fork, 1233' L-A. T., ditch on hill east side creek above mine pump house. Kanawha Group, Eagle Shale.
86. McDowell County, Sandy River District, Left Fork of Road Fork of Bull Creek, 4 miles southwest of Panther, roadside. 1500' B-A. T. Kanawha Group, E^gle Shale fossils.
87.* Mingo County, Magnolia District, cut of N. & W. R. R.. 755' L-A. T., ^ mile east of Delorme Station and at north end of railroad bridge over Tug Fork (at U. S. G. S. B. M. "727") to Freeburn Colliery. Kanawha Group, Eagle Shale. 88. Roof shale of Little Cedar Coal at above locality, and probably to be considered the lowest portion of the Eagle Shale.
108.* Raleigh County, Shady Spring District, 1920' B-A. T., Royal Mining Company's plant at Royal. Pocahontas Group. Royal Shale (Type Locality).
Ip9.* Raleigh County, Clear Fork District, C. & O. R. R. cut, 960' L-A. T., Just west of Four States Mining Company's plane at Dorothy Mine, Dorothy. Kanawha Group, Dorothy Shale. (Type Locality) (Gilbert Shale).
110.* Raleigh County. Clear Fbrk District, 1243' L-A. T.. Dorothy Mine plane, Dorothy, Kanawha Group, E^agle Coal roof shale.
11 1.* Raleigh County, Clear Fork District, 1531' L-A. T., Dorothy Mine plane, Dorothy, Kanawha Group, Seth Limestone.
112.* Raleigh County, Clear Fork District, 1601' L-A. T., Dorothy Mine plane, Dorothy, Kanawha Group, Dingess 'Shale (2 layers).
113.* Raleigh County, Clear Fork District. 1805' L-A. T., Dorothy Mine plane, Dorothy, Kanawha Group, Winifrede Limestone and Shale.
114.* Boone County, Sherman District, C. & O. R. R. cut, 0.8 mile west of High Coal, and, Just north of a All over a creek flowing into Seng Creek from the southeast, Kanawha Group, Seth Limestone.
117.* Mingo County, Lee District, town of Williamson, hillside south of Williamson Creek, coal mine of Superior Thacker Coal Co., 0.25 mile east of mouth of creek, Kanawha Group, Dingess Limestone.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 285
118.* Buchanan County, Virginia; Rock Lick District, ndge opposite mouth of Turkey Creek at War Eagle, Mingo County, Stafford District, W. Va., 0.3 mile west from mouth of creek, 1275' B-A. T., Kanawha Group, Eagle Shale.
119.* Mingo County, Magnolia District, 0.6 mile northwest of mouth i of Mate Creek at Matewan, 1205' B-A. T., hillside north of
Matewan, Kanawha Group, Dingess Limestone.
120.* Logan County, Triadelphia District, east side of Guyandot River hillside above public road, 810' B-A. T., 0.3 mile northeast of mouth of Sandlick Branch and 3.4 miles south of Man, Kanawha Group, Eagle Shale.
121.* Mingo County, Stafford District, ridge east of Glenalum Junction on N. & W, R. R., 1065' B-A. T., over the railway tunnel, 0.2 mile north of the Junction, Kanawha Group, Eagle Shale.
122.* Boone County, Crook District, west bank of Casey Creek, 0.8 mile above its junction with Pond Fork on point south of mouth of first right-hand branch of the creek, 895' B-A. T., Kanawha Group, Dingess Limestone.
124.* Lincoln County, Harts Creek District, north of road along Big Ugly Creek, 0.7 mile east of mouth of Trace Branch, and 0.1 mile west of junction of this road and secondary road up hill to head of Lukey Fork of Mud River, and 0.2 mile from Boone County Line, 935' B-A. T., Kanawha Group, Dingess Limestone. V 125.* Raleigh County, Slab Fork District, Tommy Creek; coal outcrop
in north bank of creek, 2.4 miles west of Odd, Pocahontas Group, roof shales of No. 3 Coal.
126.* McDowell County, North Fork District, 1700' B-A. T., north side of Elkhom Creek at North Fork Station on N. & W. R. R. cut just west of railroad bridge over Elkhom Creek, 0.2 mile below mouth of North Fork, Pocahontas Group, North Fork Shale. (Type Locality).
127.* Wyoming County, Oceana District, hillside northwest of Oceana, 1615' B. coal prospect, 0.3 mile from crossing of county road over Dry Branch, Kanawha Group, Little E^agle Coal, roof shale.
128.* Raleigh County, Trap Hill District, roadside 0.5 mile east of Clear Fork Gap on Guyandot Mountain, 2335' B-A. T., Kanawha Group, Gilbert Shale.
129.* Wyoming County, Oceana District, hillside above Laurel Fork, 0.9 mile southwest of mouth of Clear Fork, 1725' B-A. T., not in place, Kanawha Group, Eagle Shale.
180.* Raleigh County, Marsh Fork District, Peachtree Ridge, northern end, 0,4 mile west of Dry Creek P. O., west side of hol- ,_ low in end of ridge, Kanawha Group, Gilbert Shale.
181.* Raleigh County, Marsh Fork District, Indian Gap, southeast of gap on hillside, 2655' B-A. T., 60 yards southeast of gap and 27' B. above gap, Kanawha Group, 'Indian Gap Limestone,' Winifrede Limestone?
140.* Fayette County, Kanawha District, town of Crescent, *3 feet over Campbell Creek Coal', Pottsville Series, Kanawha Group, Campbell Creek Limestone.
141.* Boone County, Sherman District, mouth of Stover Branch of Coal River in road bank, 2 horizons 18 feet apart, Kanawha Group, Campbell Creek Limestone.'
»>
286 Stratigraphy — The Kanawha Group.
On November 8, 9, and 10, 1917, the writer, (Dr. Wm. Armstrong Price), spent parts of three days in the vicinity of the village of Chattaroy, Mingo County, in the endeavor to locate the Winifrede Limestone on the waters of Buffalo Creek and to determine the nature of its fossil-content and the relation of the limestone to the coal seams mined there.
Two sections were measured. In the section at the mouth of Buffalo Creek a fossiliferous limestone was found 60 feet beneath the Buffalo Creek Coal. Only one shell was found in this limestone which is referred to Spirifer boonensis. In the section measured 0.8 mile northeast of the mouth of the creek; one mile northeast of the first section, a mass of highly fossiliferous black shale was discovered apparently overlying a coal bed but having slid down the steep hillside from its original position. The original position of the shale and coal was not determined with certainty.
The slipped material appeared to have come from a point 85 to 95 feet beneath the Buffalo Creek Coal. No trace of the '
fossiliferous limestone seen at the mouth of the creek was found. If this limestone is the Winifrede Limestone of Winifrede, Kanawha County, and Dorothy, Raleigh County, a fossiliferous shale would be expected beneath it.
Until further investigation of this region is accomplished the relation of the fossiliferous shale and limestone in this area remains uncertain. Consequently, little light is shed upon the question of the correlation of the coals.
Section at mouth of Buffalo Creek, Hardee District, Mingo County, (Locality 176), measured from the top of a high knob at the western end of the ridge between Buffalo and Sugartree Creeks, descending the ridge to the northwest, past the mine of the Standard Thacker Coal Company in the Williamson (Joal bed, to the N. & W. R. R. grade on Tug Fork of Big Sandy River (elevation 650' L., A.T.) at a point 0.3 mile southwest of the mouth of Buffalo Creek. Section measured with aneroid barometer. Interval between Buffalo Creek Limestone and Buffalo Creek Coal determined by hand-level. Position of top of Buffalo Creek Coal in its bench supplied from an opening in this coal of the Frederick Mine of the Howard Colliery Company about 800 feet east of the section
West Virginia Geological Survey. 287
in a direction parallel to the strike of the strata and in the
same hill.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
1. Sandstone, massive, Homewood, and concealed
from top of knob 75 75
2. Sandstone, massive, Upper Coalburg 75 150
4. Sandstone, massive. Lower Coalburg 66 231
Collieries Co., on the strike, near by 4 235
6. Concealed in long gentle slope; shale and some thin
sandstone outcrops; sandstone ripple-marked.
(Thickness determined by hand-level) 50 285
• 7. Concealed in steep slope below bench 10 295
8. Limestone, Buffalo Creek, hard, bluish-gray, highly
siliceous and containing abundant small coal fragments showing the form of plant stems, pieces of wood, giving the rock the appearance of a breccia. (Sandstones in unit No. 10 are identical with this bed in all features except lime content.) Splrifer boonensis? and fragments of brachiopod shells, possibly all of this species, were found sparingly in the limestone, 1' 6" to. . . 1 296
9. Concealed in steep slope - 24 320
10. Shaly sandstone, light-brown alternating with beds
of soft brown shale and concealed; plant fragments abundant; steep slope; (Much sliding has taken place here). Thickness determined by hand-level 42 362
11. Concealed in gentle slope. (Thickness determined
14. Concealed, with shaly sandstone and hematite nodules
in soil (Upper Chilton Sandstone); prominent bench at top. (Thickness determined by
16. Coal blossom, ChUton Coal 0 426
16. Concealed in medium slope; fragments of shaly
sandstone, bearing plant fossils, appear in soil with nodules of hematite (Lower Chilton Sandstone) 29 455
17. Concealed in low slope; bench of Little Chilton
Coal horizon 15 470
18. Concealed in steeper slope; sandstone outcrops at
top, Hernsliaw Sandstone 35 505
20. Concealed in gradually steepening slope, passing to
Dingess Coal about middle of the unit 75 590
21. Thin-bedded sandstone, alternating with sandy
shale and soft argillaceous shale 15 605
288 Stratigraphy — The Kanawha Group.
23. Coal, Williamson Coal, (3' 6" reported) Mine of
Standard Tliacker Coal Co 3.5 630
25. Sandstone and concealed in steep slope below pub-
27. Alma Coal in prospect of Standard Thacker Coal Co. 2 770
28. Concealed in slope to Norfolk and Western R. R.
grade at tipple of Standard Thacker Coal Co.'s
Section on Buffalo Creek, (Locality I??), Hardee District,
Mingo County, beginning at the mine of the Buffalo Collieries Company, elevation 1248' barometer, (No. 23 on Map II, West Virginia Geological Survey, Logan and Mingo Counties Report ; see also page 386) ; and descending in a southerly direction along the plane of the mine to the grade of a branch line of the N. & W. R. R. on Buffalo Creek at a point 0.8 mile northeast of the mouth of the creek. Measured by aneroid barometer.
Thickness. Total. . Feet. Feet. Sandstone, massive, variable in thickness, in places cutting out coal beneath.
1. Coal, "Buffalo Creek", Mine No. 23, about 5 5
2. Concealed and sandstone on steep slope with some
inconspicuous benches 80 85
3. Concealed in gentle slope and probably containing
the stratum of black foeslliferous shale from which a loosened mass has slid down to the foot of this unit. Beneath the fossiliferous shale is a red ash from the burning of a coal which seems to have underlain the shale 20 105
4. Concealed and sandstone In steep slope; some beds
weathered shaly 20 125
5. Concealed in bench, many red hematite chips in soil 15 140
6. Sandstone, argillaceous, and concealed, with some
shale 15 155
8. Concealed in steep slope 25 195
9. Coal blossom, Chilton Coal ("Tayloyr Seam") 0 195
10. Shale, soft, sandy, brown; containing a few plant
remains; of. Annularia, and fern-like fronds.... 5 200
11. Sandstone, thick-bedded, weathered friable, containing
Cordlates 20 220
12. Coal blossom. Lower ChUton (13") 0 220
PLATE X(a).— View lookine northeast from road summit, 114 miles
northeast of Raven seye. Bhowing corn and buctwheat In
shock on left and farms typical of plateau
region of Fayette County.
PLATE X(b).— View looking northwest from Gatewrod across plateau
upheld by Upper Nuttall Sandstone, the mountain ridge on
sky-line being Id Kanawha Group and 3 miles
west of Payetleville.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 289
Thlcknedfi. Total.
Feet Feet.
15. Sandstone, massive, some beds weathering shaly. . . 40 275
20. Coal blossom, Dingess Coal 0 300
21. Sandstone and sandy shale in alternating beds.
(Probably containing Digness fossiliferous limestone horizon. Chiefly shale in upper half. Lepidodendron abundant) 65 365
23. Coal blossom, Williamson Coal, (reported 3' 10'' as
25. Concealed and sandstone, weathering thin^bedded,
Upper Cedar Grove 70 450
26. Concealed in steep bluff 56 505
27. Probable horizon of Alma Coal, supplied from an
outcrop, 0.5 mile eastward in a direction parallel
to the strike 0 505
28. Concealed in steep bluff, to N. & W. R. R. grade on
Buffalo Creek 20 525
Description Of Species.
Brachiopoda.
Grenus LINGULA Bruguiere. Lingula lemniscata Price.
Lingula lemniscata. Price, 1916, West Virginia Geological Survey, Report Raleigh and Western Portions of Summers and Mercer Counties, page 691, pi. XXX, fig. 3, Kanawha Group; Eagle Limestone, Raleigh County, West Virginia.
Description. — Minute examples of this tiny species. More elongated than the figured cotype from Raleigh County but similar to other individuals of the species at the type locality.
Measurements of four specimens including the largest of this collection :
Width
m m.
m m.
Occurrence — Locality 177.
290 Stratigraphy — The Kanawha Group.
Pleurophorella sesquiplicata sp. n.
Description. — Shell small, transversely elongate, subrectangular, moderately convex, gibbosity greatest in the anterior and umbonal regions and also along the posterior umbonal slope; cardinal margin straight or very slightly con- \ex; shell abruptly down-folded near the cardinal margin forming a ridge parallel to the hinge line and enclosing a narrow, well-defined, concave escutcheon; posterior umbonal slope carinated, the ridge or carina extending from the beak to the posterior margin at a point situated about two-thirds the height from the ventral margin ; posterior margin obliquely truncated from this point to the cardinal margin, sloping slightly forward and meeting the cardinal margin in an obtuse angle ; posterior margin rounding below into the ventral margin which is broadly arcuate and sub-parallel to the cardinal margin; between the ridges radiating from the beak along the posterior umbonal slope and near the cardinal border the shell is flattened and crossed by a faint radiating ridge; anterior margin rounded upward to about the mid-height, thence sloping abruptly backward and upward to the beak; anterior to the beaks the lunule is strongly concave, extending backward under them ; beak situated about one-sixth the transverse diameter of the shell from the anterior end; ratio of the height to the transverse diameter, approximately 2 to 3 — ^whence the specific name. Shell thin ; surface marked with extremely fine, closely placed, concentric striae and with coarser undulations of growth ; upon the post-umbonal region the sculpture is somewhat less marked and in some shells the growth lines are here largely obsolete; covering the surface of the entire shell are very minute papillae, arranged more or less definitely in concentric and radiating lines; the granules seem to be larger and more prominent posteriorly.
Interior of the shell marked with the concentric undulations of growth which are weak or absent upon the postumbonal region where may be seen grooves corresponding to the radiating ridges of the exterior. Muscle markings and pallial line not seen.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 29I
Dimensions of four specimens in millimeters: —
Transverse diameter 7.0
Height 4.5
Half-thickness
The specimens in hand are casts in a shale matrix of the exterior and interior surfaces of disassociated valves. The beaks are in nearly all cases flattened, obscuring the lunule and escutcheon and making measurements of the thickness untrustworthy.
The presence or absence of a plication on the flattened area between the post-umbonal ridge and the ridge bordering the escutcheon is not clear to me. On about one-half of the shells examined such a fold is well defined, in some cases producing at its end a slight convexity in the posterior margin. In all cases, however, this fold is accompanied by a fracture extending a part or the whole of the length of a fold. On unfractured shells no ridge is apparent. Whether the presence of this fold parallel to the post-umbonal* ridge determined the location of the fracture or whether the fracture produced a false fold I am not able to decide. At least one-half of the specimens possess no such fold. The reference of the species to Pleurophorella is therefore somewhat doubtful.
That muscle markings were not observed upon the casts may be due to their crushed condition ; however, I am inclined to believe that they were not prominently developed. The pallial sinus could not be distinguished from the growth lines.
The sub-rectangular shape, straight hinge line, sub-parallel cardinal and ventral margins, fine sculpture and ratio of height to transverse diameter, when taken together serve to distinguish this from other species referred to this genus, all of which are either posteriorly tapering or have coarser concentric sculpture. An exception to the latter statement is perhaps to be found in P. papillosa, the type of the genus, which seems to differ from this species only in its large size and in having the width twice the height.
Occurrence. — Locality 177.
Naiadites carbonaria Dawson?
Naiadites carbonaria, DawBon, Acadian Geology Supp. Coal measures; South Jogglns, Novia Scotia.
Naiadites carbonaria, DawBon, Quart. Jour., Geological Society London, Vol. X, p. 39, pi. 22. Coal measures: South Jogglns, Nova Scotia.
Naiadites {Anthracoptera) carbonaria, Dawson, 1868, Acadian Geology, 2nd edition, p. 204, text flg. 42; and text fig. (page 18L0. Coal measures: South Jogglns, Nova Scotia.
Description. — ^A large number of small shell impressions from this collection, mostly imperfectly preserved, which appear to belong to the genus Naiadites, present certain differences from the form which has been commonly referred by me to N. elongata, to which species I was at first inclined to refer it. The specimens present a range in size from tiny forms measuring less than 2 millimeters in length of hinge to forms five times as long in this dimension. Whether they represent immature forms of N. elongata or of N. carbonaria I am not positive. The latter is described by Dawson as the larger of the two. The specimens of this collection are smaller than the mature sizes of either species. They are here doubtfully referred to N. carbonaria which they more nearly resemble, having a greater length of hinge in proportion to length of valves and a straighter hinge line. The anterior lateral margin shows, in the smaller sizes, a distinct sinuation of the growth lines which indicates the presence of a marginal sinus, rendering the anterior end of the hinge line somewhat alate. As no specimens have come to hand which are unbroken in this portion the marginal configuration is merely inferential.
Occurrence. — Locality 177.
«
Lists Of Species.
Collected at Locality 177 from a mass of black shale in a land-slip; the stratum from which the shale had been broken appears to lie from 85 to 95 feet below the Buffalo Creek Coal.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 293
Qastropoda indeterminata -f
Phanerotrema grayyillense a
Naiadites carbonaria ? aa
Plant fragments c
Marginlfera wabashensis -f
Ldngnla lemniscata aa
Orbiculoidea mlssouriensis c
Orthoceratlda indeterminata -f-
Spirlfer boonensis ? -j-
(From Locality 176, 60 feet below Buffalo Creek Coal.)
Pleurophorella sesquiplicata, sp. n aa
Nautilloidea ? indeterminata +
Solenomya radiata -|-
Aviculipecten pellucldus +
Chonetes granulifer +
Patellofitium montfortianum 4-
Enchostoma sp -f
Nucula parva ? 4"
Chapter Vii.
Stratigraphy— The New River Group Of
The Pottsville Series.
General Account.
The New River Group or Middle Pottsville of White\ beginning at top with the Nuttall Sandstone and extending down through the rock column to the top of the Flattop Mountain Sandstone, has a thickness ranging from about 800 feet in the western border of the County to about 1000 feet in the southeastern portions of Sewell Mountain and Quinnimont Districts, as against 1030 to 1050 feet for the same measures in southwestern McDowell County, the latter being the region o* the maximum development of the several divisions of the Pottsville Series in the State. Attention is here called to the correction in the thickness of the New River beds for the latter County on page 100, in the introduction to the General Section of the Pottsville Series in Chapter IV. In Fayette, the character of the strata differs but little from that in the southern border of the State, generally consisting of heavy to current-bedded sandstones, medium-grained to coarse, pebbly, micaceous to quartzitic, grayish-white to yellowish-brown in color ; coal beds, soft and columnar in type ; impure fire clays ; shales, both argillaceous and arenaceous, buff, g^ay and black in color, in two different horizons carrying a fossil fauna indicating either marine or brackish-water deposition. Sandstones predominate, constituting 65 to 75 per cent, of the strata. The detailed areal extent of its surface rocks is shown on Map II. The coal beds have the greatest economic importance, the group holding at least two — Sewell and Fire Creek — that attain minable dimensions, purity, and regularity, the descrip-
n. C. Wliite, Vol. n(A), W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 13; 1908.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 295
tions of which are published on subsequent pages of this Chapter and in Chapter XI.
The sandstones of this group affect the topography in a more striking manner than those of the Kanawha, in that long and persistent cliff exposures are quite common, this being caused by the fact that these ledges are more siliceous and consequently harder than those of the latter group. The thickness and stratigraphic position of the several members of the New River Group for the southern half of the State are exhibited in the General Section of the Pottsville Series in Chapter IV, pages 106-109, along with those of the Kanawha and Pocahontas Groups. In the same Chapter there are also published many special sections at widely scattered points that show the rock succession of this group.
Description Of Members, New River Group.
A detailed description of the members of the New River Group will now be given in the descending order of their occurrence in the General Section of the Pottsville Series, pages 106-109.
The Upper Nuttall Sandstone.
The Nuttall Sandstone of Campbell and White*, constituting the top member of the New River Group at the type locality of the latter in the territory of this Report and coalesced into one great cliff rock just below Hawks Nest, 175 to 200 feet in thickness, is usually represented in Fayette by two separate and distinct ledges of practically the same thickness, generally separated by 5 to 20 feet of dark, sandy shales and sometimes a thin — 6 to 18 inches — coal bed (Jaeger "B"). In this Report the name Upper Nuttall Sandstone is applied to the upper ledge, and likewise, Lower Nuttall Sandstone, for the lower ledge. The former belongs from a few inches to 15 feet below the Lower Douglas Coal and is the topmost
n. C. VHiite. Bull. 65. U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 200; 1891; and Vol. II. pp. 616 and 655; 1903; and Vol. 11(A), pp. 253-4; 1908; W. Va. Geol. Survey; and M. R. Campbell, Raleigh Folio, No. 77, U. S. Geol. Survey; Dec, 1901.
296 Stratigraphy — New River Group Of Pottsville Series.
member of the New River Group. It appears beyond all reasonable doubt now that the Panther Sandstone or Conglomerate of McDowell County, originally described by the author on pages 185-6 of the Wyoming-McDowell Report, correlates with the Upper Nuttall ledge, instead of the latter representing the Dotson Sandstone, these facts being discussed in the introduction to the General Section of the Pottsville Series, page 100.
In Fayette the Upper Nuttall Sandstone is usually heavy-to current-bedded, grayish-white, reddish-gray to brown, seldom pebbly, and forms great cliffs along the valley walls of the Kanawha, New, and Gauley Rivers, ranging from 40 to 100 feet in height, at 5 to 15 feet above the more prominent clifF-maker — the Lower Nuttall ledge. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Falls, Kanawha, Mountain Cove, Nuttall and Fayetteville Districts; in the logs of test wells for oil and gas— Nos. 6A, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 20, 23, and 29 on Map II, published in Chapter X ; and in the logs of coal test borings Nos. 13, 13A, 14, 16, 29, 37, 38, 75, 86, 87, and 88 on Map II, published in Chapter XI. Its outcrop follows immediately below that outlined on the same map for the Lower Douglas Coal bed. The almost sheer vertical cliffs, just below the town of Hawks Nest and on the north hillside of New River, 175 to 200 feet in height, are formed by the junction of this ledge with the underlying Lower Nuttall Sandstone. It has been worked quite extensively at Sandstone Quarries Nos. 4, 5, 6, and 7 on Map II, in the southeast edge of the town of Fayetteville, at elevations ranging from 1790^ to 1825' B., stone from these being used for building purposes in the latter place, notable examples being the County Jail and the Fayette County National Bank Building. A cut of the latter building is published in this Report. It will readily be seen that stone from this ledge presents an attractive appearance in buildings, either wholly, or for foundations and trimmingfs. It is medium-grained, quite hard and siliceous and has a marked pinkish-gray caste. That it has very durable qualities is evidenced by its many clean-cut cliffs that have been exposed for ages to the atmospheric agencies.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 297
THE lAEGER "B'' COAL.
The larger "B" Coal of the author*, belonging at its type locality — southwest portion of Sandy River District, Mc- Dowell County — 100 to 115 feet below the Lower Douglas Coal, 100 feet above the larger bed proper, and ranging in thickness from 12 to 24 inches, appears to be represented in Fayette by a thin and irregular coal bed that is sometimes present, though often absent, in the dark shales separating the Upper and Lower Nuttall Sandstones. No crop exposures of it were observed, but its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the logs of coal test borings Nos. 14, 16, 29, 34, 68, and 88 on Map II, the details of which are published in Chapter XI. It is too thin and irregular to be classed as minable, features that are characteristic of it at its type locality in McDowell County.
The Lower Nuttall Sandstone.
As mentioned above, under the description of the Upper Nuttall ledge, the name Lower Nuttall Sandstone is first applied in this Report for the lower member of the Nuttall Sandstone Stage. In Fayette it is usually massive to current-bedded, medium-to coarse-grained, highly siliceous, pebbly to conglomeratic, grayish-white to grayish-brown, ranging in thickness from 75 to 110 feet and frequently forming long lines of sheer cliffs almost 100 feet in height, especially along the \ alley walls of Gauley River between Swiss and Carnifex Ferry; Meadow River between the latter Ferry and Miller; and New River between Gauley Bridge and Keeney Creek. It is this ledge that forms the falls in the Kanawha River at Kanawha Falls as it dips rapidly northwestward below drainage to emerge again just below the mouth of Gauley River. As it belongs only sltghtly over 100 feet below the horizon of the Lower Douglas Coal, its outcrop should follow the same interval below that outlined on Map II for the division line between the Kanawha and New River Groups. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections pub-
•Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Oeol. Survey, pp. 186-7; 1915.
298 Stratigraphy — New River Group Of Pottsville Series.
liahed in Chapter IV for scattered points in Falls, Mountain Cove, Nuttall, Kanawha, and Fayetteville Districts ; and in the detailed logs of about 30 of the coal test borings, published on subsequent pages in Chapter XI. As shown in the General Section of the Pottsville Series, page 107, it is evidently-represented in McDowell County by the Upper larger Sandstone of the author*, belonging in the latter area 10 to IS feet below the Upper Nuttall (Panther) ledge and 30 to 60 feet above the larger Coal.
It is the Lower Nuttall Sandstone that was once quarried by the New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co., 75 to 100 yards southeastward from its Weirwood Shaft Mine — No. 174 on Map II — at Herberton, at an elevation of 1690^ B., 275 feet above the Sewell Coal bed, the following data being obtained here by the author :
Sandstone Quarry No. 8 on Map II.
Sandstone, soft, friable, reddish-brown ] Feet.
in color, visible 6' I
coarse-grained, grayish-white, with Nuttall 16
reddish tinge 10 J
The above quarry belongs about the middle of the Lower Nuttall Sandstone ledge in its normal development, although the other portions are not exposed at this point. Stone from this quarry was used in the construction of the fan and boiler houses and the foundation for the company store at the mine mentioned above, in all of which it presents a very attractive appearance.
The above is the only quarry observed on the Lower Nuttall Sandstone. Its wide exposures in great hard cliffs should furnish an inexhaustible supply of stone possessing durable qualities in a high degree, and also raw stone for crushing into a high-grade silica sand for the manufacture of glass, as it is very similar in texture and physical appearance to the Upper Raleigh Sandstone which is quarried successfully irj Fayette County for this purpose, as described on subsequent pages in Chapter XII.
*Lioc. cit., pp. 187-8.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 299
Southeastward of a line across the County via Russellville, Winona, Parral, and Herberton, this sandstone has a tendency to thin down and become much softer ismd friable, coarser and brown in color, seldom making pronounced cliffs, thus losing its great value as a "key-rock" in conjunction with the Upper Nuttall ledge, northwest of the same line.
The larger "A" Coal of the author*, belonging at its type locality in the southwestern portion of Sandy River District, McDowell County, immediately at the base of the sandstone ("Upper larger") last described and 40 to 70 feet above the larger Coal proper, does not appear to be represented in Fayette.
The Upper larger Shale of the author', belonging at its type locality — larger, McDowell County — ^in the interval separating the sandstone last described — Upper larger (Lower Nuttall) — ^from the underlying larger Coal, is present but of no special economic importance in Fayette County. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the logs of coal test borings Nos. 30, 31, 35, 61, 75, and 89 on Map II, the details of which are published in Chapter XI.
The larger Coal of White^ described more fully by the author on pages 189-190 and 521-535 of the Wyoming-Mc- Dowell Report of the State Geological Survey and belonging at its type locality — larger, McDowell County — 130 feet above the bed of Tug River of Big Sandy River, 35 to 40 feet above the Lower larger Coal and 225 feet below the Lower Douglas bed, the latter belonging at the base of the Kanawha Group, appears to be very persistent in Fayette and Nicholas Counties and to represent the Hughes Ferry Coal of White*. The following section was measured at the type locality of the latter in Nicholas County, on the north bank of Gauley River, about 200 yards above the present highway bridge over the latter at the old site of Hughes Ferry :
■Loc. cit., p. 188.
•Loc. clt., pp. 188-9.
n. C. White, Vol. 11(A). W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 251-2; 1908.
•Lot. cit, pp. 252-3.
3Cx) Stratigraphy — New River Group Of Pottsville Series.
Pt In. Sandstone^ Lower Nuttall, massive, pebbly, medium-grained, making great cliff 100 0
Concealed, mostly flaggy sandstone 10 0
Sandstone, flaggy ". . . 2 0
Shale, gray, visible 0 6
Concealed to bed of Gauley River 70 0
In southern Nicholas County and in Fayette, the Hughes Ferry Coal is generally soft and double-bedded, 1 to 2 inches of bony slate parting usually separating the seam in two unequal benches, the upper being about double the thickness of the lower, the whole attaining an average thickness of about IS inches and seldom reaching 2 feet. These features are characteristic of the larger bed in McDowell County, where a greater thickness of coal is found at this horizon and where it has been mined commercially for several years. For the latter reason, the name "larger" is given greater proixiinence for this bed, following a practical rule of nomenclature for coal seams, when once a name has become attached to it under commercial conditions, it is very difficult to supplant it by another by reasons of priority or otherwise.
Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Gauley Bridge — I Mile Southeast and Carnifex Ferfy in Falls District ; Powell-ton and Kingston in Kanawha ; Ansted in Mountain Cove ; Divide in Nuttall; South Fayette Station in Fayetteville ; Sims Schoolhouse in Sewell Mountain; in the logs of oil and gas test borings Nos. 12, 14, IS, 18, 20, and 21 on Map II, published in Chapter X ; and in the logs of about 30 of the coal test borings published in Chapter XI. Its outcrop should follow about 200 feet below that outlined on Map II for the division line between the Kanawha and New River Groups.
In Falls District Teets obtained the following section at Coal Exposure No. 237 on Map II, at the edge of the public road on the north hillside of the Kanawha River, 1.35 miles southwest of the railway station at Kanawha Falls :
Pt. In.
Sandstone, Upper and Lower Nuttall, great cliff 150 0
Slate 0 4
West Virginia Geological Survey. 3Oi
Eight-tenths mile northeastward, on the same side of the Kanawha River and in the same highway, Teets reports the same bed at Coal Exposure No. 238 on Map II, with a thickness of one foot and at an elevation of 685' B., directly below a sandstone cliff — Lower Nuttall — 60 feet in height.
Just across the County Line from Falls District in the edge of Nicholas, the author measured 14 inches for this bed at Coal Opening No. 239 on Map II» just on the southwest side of the hill road and J4 mile southeast of Camifex Ferry, at an elevation of 15S5' B.
In Kanawha District the author measured the following section at Coal Exposure No. 240 on Map II, at the edge of the public road on the south bank of the Kanawha River, 2.4 miles southwest of the C. & O. Railroad station at Kanawha Falls :
Feet. Sandstone, Upper Nuttall, grayish-white, hard, current-bedded, "calamite" fossil plant stems 40
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall, massive and current-bedded,
grayish-white, conglomeratic, great cliff 95
Concealed and shale, sandy 4
Shale 0.5
Concealed to C. & O. Railroad grade 4.5
In the same District, the author collected a sample of coal for analysis and measured the following section at Coal Exposure No. 99 on Map II, in the edge of the public road along Falls Creek, 0.1 mile southeast of Kanawha Falls :
Feet. Inches.
1. Sandstone, Lower Nuttall, grayish-white, pebbly
, great cliff 75 0
2. Shale, bluish-gray, siliceous, no plant fossils seen 4 0
3. Coal, bony .... 0' 1" 1
5. iShale, dark, sandy, laminated, visible 40 0
The composition of the sample from No. 4 of the section, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak under Laboratory No. 917H, is published under No. 99 in table No. 1 of coal analyses at the end of Chapter XI. The results show this bed to be quite pure and that it carries only S per cent, less fixed carbon than the larger Coal does in McDowell County.
302 Stratigraphy — New River Group Of* Pottsville Series.
Three-fourths mile northeastward in the same District, the author measured the following section at Coal Exposure No. 241 on Map II, along the C. & O. Railroad g^ade on the south bank of New River, just above Old Gauley Station :
Feet. Inches. Sandstone, Lower Nuttall, conglomerate, making
great cliff lOO 0
Shale, dark, plant fossils 4 0
Coal, larger "A" 7, hony, with several slate partings 3 0
Shale, sandy 5 0
Sandstone, grayish-white, massive 20 0
Coal, soft, larger, Hughes Ferry (690' B .) 0 10
The 3 feet of bony and slaty coal, 4 feet below the Lower Nuttall Sandstone, tentatively correlated with the larger "A," c:ppears to be local in its occurrence, as shown by the following section measured by the author at Coal Exposure No. 242 on Map II, ISO to 200 yards southeastward along the same railway grade :
Feet.
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall, making great cliff 100
Coal, soft, larger, Hughes Ferry (715' B.) 1
Shale and shaly sandstone 5
Sandstone, platy', laminated with thin shale layers to C. & O. Railroad grade 17
In the two foregoing exposures there is no question but that the bed correlated as the Hughes Ferry bed is the same in each instance, as it can be traced directly by outcrop from No. 241 to No. 242, so that the thick bony bed of the former, 25 feet higher in the measures, has disappeared entirely.
Just across the County Line in Nicholas from the northeast edge of Nuttall District, it is the Hughes Ferry bed that was once mined at Coal Opening No. 243 on Map II, on the north side of the hill road, 0.33 mile east of Shawver Bridge
over Meadow River:
Feet. Sandstone, Lower Nuttall, grayish-white, conglomeratic,
making great cliflf 75
Concealed 20
The author was unable to learn the thickness of the bed, but judging from its development in other portions of Nicholas
West Virginia Geological Survey. 303
and the adjoining region of Fayette, it is probably less than 18 inches.
In Sewell Mountain District, the following section was measured by the author at Coal Exposure No. 244 on Map II, at the north edge of the James River & Kanawha Turnpike, 3.3 miles southeast of Ravenseye:
Ft. In.
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall, current-bedded, to massive, grayish-white and brown, forming cliffs 35 0
It is quite evident from the foregoing data on this coal seam that it is too thin and irregular to be classed as a minable bed.
The Middle larger Sandstone of the author**, belonging at its type locality — larger, McDowell County — in the interval separating the coal bed last described from the underlying Lower larger Coal, was not observed in Fayette.
THE LOWER lAEGER COAL.
The Lower larger Coal of the author^®, belonging at its type locality — larger, McDowell County — immediately below the sandstone last mentioned and 40 to 50 feet below the larger Coal, is present in Fayette, but, as in the former County, it is too thin and irregular to be classed as minable. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for South Fayette Station, Fayetteville — l.S Miles Northwest, and Parral, pages 181, 183, and 186, respectively, and in the logs of coal test borings Nos. 28, 35, 38, 67, 68, and 85 on Map II, the details of which are published in Chapter XI.
The Lower larger Sandstone of the author", belonging at its type locality near larger, McDowell County, in the interval separating the coal bed Jast described from the underlying Harvey Conglomerate Sandstone, was not observed in Fayette.
•Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 190; 1915.
**Loc. cit., p. 190. "Loc. cit., p. 191.
304 Stratigraphy — New River Group Of Pottsville Series.
THE LOWER lAEQER SHALE.
The Lower larger Shale of the author"*, belonging at its type locality — near larger, McDowell County — as shown in the General Section of the Pottsville Series published in Chapter IV, page 107, in the interval separating the Lower larger Sandstone from the underlying Harvey Conglomerate and ranging in thickness from 20 to 35 feet, was observed at only one exposure as shown in the following section measured southwestward mostly with aneroid by the author along the hill road 0.3 mile due east of Whipple :
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet,
Shale, buff and sandy, Upper larger 5 6
Coal, soft, columnar O'll'n Hughes Ferry
Coal and slate. Inter- I larger 1.5 6.6
Coal, slaty 0 5
Shale 5 11.5
Sandstone, coarse, brown 25 36.5
Shale and fire clay 3 39.5
Coal, soft 0'3"
Fire clay shale. ..10 • Lower larger 1.5 41
Coal 0 3 J
Fire clay shale 5.5 46.5
Coal 0.3 46.8
Fire clay shale 4.7 51.5
Shale, Lower larger, buff, brown, argillaceous 25 76.5
Concealed 20 96.5
Shale, black, laminated, to sandstone 15 111.5
Interval to Sewell Coal, estimated 390 501.5
The Harvey Conglomerate Sandstone.
The Harvey Conglomerate of Campbell^*, belonging in its type locality — Harvey (now Bolt P. O.), Raleigh County — 50 to 100 feet below the Lower Nuttall Sandstone and ranging in thickness from 0 to 50 feet, is a very pronounced ledge in Fayette, especially along the valley walls of New River southeastward from Gauley Junction to Keeney Creek, where it frequently forms cliffs 50 to 75 feet in height about the same distance below the g^eat Lower Nuttall Sandstone cliff. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sec-
"•Loc. cit, pp. 191-2.
^•M. R. Campbell, Raleigh Polio, No. 77, U. S. Geol. Survey; 1902
West Virginia Geological Survey. 305
tions published in Chapter IV for Kingston in Kanawha District ; Ansted in Mountain Cove ; Divide, Winona, and Nuttall-burg in Nuttall; South Fayette, FayettevilJe — l.S Miles Northwest, Parral, and Herberton in Fayetteville ; Corliss and Rader Ford in Sewell Mountain ; in the logs of oil and gas test wells Nos. 6A, IS, 18, 20-23 and 29 on Map II, published in Chapter X ; and in the logs of 33 of the coal test borings published in Chapter XI. No quarries were observed on this ledge in Fayette, but in many of its cliff exposures along New River, it is only slightly less siliceous than the Lower Nuttall Sandstone. Hence it should crush into a fair aggregate for concrete construction.
The Sandy Hufif Shale of the author", belonging at its type locality — :mouth of Sandy Huff Branch of Tug Fork, McDowell County — in the interval separating the sandstone last described from the underlying Castle Coal, was not observed in Fayette.
The Castle Coal.
The Castle Coal of the author^*, belonging at its type locality — Castle, Wyoming County — 110 to 125 feet below the larger bed, directly above the Guyandot Sandstone, and ISO to 175 feet above the Sewell ("Davy") Coal, is quite persistent in Fayette, but, as in the former County, it is usually thin, impure, and irregular, although, in one or two instances, attaining a thickness of about 2 feet of fair coal. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Gauley Bridge — 1 Mile Southeast, Albion, and Carnifex Ferry in Falls District; Ansted in Mountain Cove ; Shawver Bridge, Miller, and Winona in Nuttall ; South Fayette Station, Parral, and Herberton in Fayetteville ; Rader Ford in Sewell Mountain ; and in the logs of coal test borings Nos. 16, 28, 36, 37, 42, 46, 53, 60, 62, 76, 85, and 93C on Map II, the details of which are published in Chapter XI. Its outcrop follows roughly 130 to 175 feet above that outlined on Map II for the Sewell Coal bed. Along the eastern border of
**Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 193; 1915.
"Lioc. cit., pp. 193-4.
306 Stratigraphy — New River Group Of Pottsville Series.
the County, it appears to be this bed that has been prospected to some extent by natives for local domestic fuel. The following opening in it was examined by both Reger and the author, and a sample for analysis collected by the former during his field work in Nicholas County during 1917:
Lewis et al. Coal Opening — No. 245 on Map II.
In Nicholas County, east hillside of Meadow River, 150 to 200 yards east of Shawver Bridge, elevation, 1640' B.; Castle Coal, reported 21 inches thick, clean and soft by D. B. Reger.
The composition of the sample collected at the above opening, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak under Laboratory No. 341 R, is as follows:
Per cent.
Moisture 7.36
VolaUle Matter 86.46
Fixed Carbon 5268
Ash 4.50
Total 100.00
Sulphur 0.52
Phosphorus 0.004
Slightly over 9 mile^ southeastward in Scwell Mountain District and 1 mile due west of Rader Ford, it appears to be the Castle Coal that was once mined for domestic fuel at the J. W. Amick Coal Opening — 246 on Map II, at an elevation of 2845' B., as determined by the author. The opening had fallen shut, but, according to Mr. Amick, the coal is medium-hard and fairly free from partings, with a thickness ranging from 18 to 24 inches.
Less than one-half mile northeastward at Coal Opening No. 247 on Map II, this bed has practically the same thickness at an elevation of 286(y B., as shown in the Rader Ford Section, published in Chapter IV, page 202.
A careful study of all the data obtainable in regard to the Castle Coal in Fayette does not warrant its classification as a minable seam.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 307
The Quyandot Sandstone.
The Guyandot Sandstone of Campbell", belonging at its type locality — Laurel Fork of Guyandot River, 1 mile southwest of McGraw, Wyoming County— ^as more fully described by the author^*, directly below the coal bed last described and 60 to 75 feet above the Sewell seam and ranging in thickness from 50 to 100 feet, is quite persistent in Fayette, although not so prominent a cliff-maker as in the former County. It is more or less lenticular, massive to current-bedded, medium-to coarse-grained and pebbly, gray to grayish-white in color. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Gauley Bridge — 1 Mile Southeast and Horseshoe Creek in Falls District ; Kingston in Kanawha ; Ansted in Mountain Cove ; Shawver Bridge, Miller, Russellville, Divide, and Nuttallburg in Nuttall ; Cotton Hill, South Fayette Station, Fayetteville — 1.5 Miles Northwest, Parral, and Herberton in Fayetteville; Manns Creek, Ravens-eye, Corliss, and Sims Schoolhouse in Sewell Mountain; in the logs of oil and gas test wells Nos. 6A, 9, 15, 18, 20, 21, 23, and 29 on Map II, published in Chapter X ; and in the logs of 25 to 30 of the coal test borings published in Chapter XI. Along the New River gorge it is frequently observed as the lower of the two pronounced cliffs between the great Lower Nuttall Sandstone cliff and the Sewell Coal. As shown in the Gauley Bridge — 1 Mile Southeast Section, page 128, the massive to current-bedded and conglomeratic sandstone in the bed of New River at Gauley Junction, is the Guyandot ledge. Southeastward from the latter point it forms great cliffs along the C. & O. Railroad grade to within one-half mile of Cotton Hill, the "Shoofly", "Blue Hole" and "Popenose" tunnels of the latter railroad being driven through this stratum. No quarries were observed on this ledge, but it should be adapted to practically the same uses as described for the East Lynn ledge, page 228.
"M. R. Campben, Raleigh Folio, No. 77, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1902. ^•Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 194-5; 1915.
308 Stratigraphy — New River Group Of Pottsville Series.
The 3Ewell "B" Coal.
The Sewell "B" Coal of the author^**, belonging at its type region — Wyoming and McDowell Counties — at 0 to S feet below the sandstone last described and 75 to 100 feet above the Sewell ("Davy") Coal, is quite persistent in Fayette, although being too thin and impure to warrant classification as a minable seam. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the special sections published in Chapter IV for Panther Mountain, Russellville, Nuttallburg, Fayetteville — 1.5 Miles Northwest, Parral, Herberton, Corliss, Maywood — Aldrich Camp and Sims Schoolhouse; and in the logs of 15 to 20 of the coal test borings, the details of which are published in Chapter XI. Like the Castle bed the Sewell "B" has been prospected somewhat by natives for local domestic fuel along the eastern border of Fayette. In the eastern edge of Falls District at the Mrs. A. P. Patterson Coal Opening — No. 248 on Map II, 200 to 300 feet southwest of Carnifex Ferry at the mouth of Meadow River, this bed is reported 18 inches in thickness, at an elevation of 1240^ B., as determined by the author and as exhibited in the Carnifex Ferry Section, page 142.
Fifteen miles southeastward in Sewell Mountain District, it is the Sewell "B" Coal that crops at Coal Exposure No. 249 on Map II, in the turnpike, just east of the road fork, 3.4 miles N. 60° to 70° W. of Rainelle, at an elevation of 2965' B., about 75 feet above the horizon of the Sewell bed. Here, it does not much exceed 1 foot in thickness.
One mile and a half southeastward in the same turnpike,
the author measured the following section at Coal Exposure
No. 250 on Map II, at watering trough, 100 to 200 yards west
of the schoolhouse :
Ft. In.
Shale, buif , sandy, visible 3 0
Coal, slaty 0 3 J
Coal, slaty 0 3 J
Slate, gray 5 0
"•LfOC. cit, pp. 195-6 and 535-541.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 309
About 300 yards eastward in the same turnpike at Coal Exposure No. 251 on Map II, the Sewell "B" bed is 18 inches to 2 feet in thickness at an elevation of 3170' B., its stratigraphic position here being shown in the Maywood — Aldrich Camp Section, published in Chapter IV, page 202.
The Sewell "A" Coal.
The Sewell "A" Coal of the author^^, belonging at its type region — Wyoming and McDowell Counties — 20 to 30 feet below the bed la?t described and 30 to 50 feet above the Sewell Coal proper, was observed at several points in Fayette, where it is of even less economic importance than the Sewell "B" seam. Its" thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Panther Mountain and Herberton ; and in the logs of coal test borings Nos. 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 35, 37, 38, 58, 88, 93, 93B, and 93D on Map II, the details of which are published in Chapter XI.
The Lower Guyandot Sandstone.
The Lower Guyandot Sandstone of the author", belonging at its type locality — Wilmore, McDowell County — ^immediately below the coal last described and directly above the Sewell ("Davy") bed, is present in practically the same development in Fayette as in the former County. It is usually massive to current-bedded, medium-grained, ranging from micaceous to quartzitic, gray to grayish-white in color. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Kingston, Miller, Russellville, Winona and Nuttallburg; and in the logs of coal test borings Nos. 28, 29, 30, 34, 35, 37, 38, 58, and 88 on Map II, the details of which are published in Chapter XI.
According to Teets, this ledge furnished the stone for the construction of a battery of 100 beehive coke-ovens at Coal Mine No. 155 on Map II at Glen Jean; and the same is true for another battery of 100 beehive coke-ovens at Coal Mine
"njoc, cit, p.p. 175 and 196-7.
3Io Stratigraphy — New River Group Of Pottsville Series.
No. 167 on Map II, near Turkey Knob; in each instance the stone being quarried from an exposure of the ledge directly above the Sewell Coal near the mine.
The Hartridge Black Shale.
The Hartridgie Black Shale of Reger^*, belonging at its type locality — Hartridge, Randolph County — directly above the Sewell Coal and carrying a fossil fauna indicating either a marine or brackish-water deposition, is somewhat lenticular in Fayette but present in many localities, on the south hillside of New River at South Fayette Station carrying fossil shells of the genus Lingula. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Panther Mountain and South Fayette Station, pages 141 and 181, respectively; and in the logs of coal test borings Nos. 34, 42, 45, 46, S3, 65, 67, 68, 77, 81, 87, 89, and 90 on Map II, the details of which are published in Chapter XI.
The Sewell Coal.
The Sewell (Nuttall) Coal of White*^ belonging at its type locality — Sewell Mountain, Fayette County — directly below the shale last described and 60 to 80 feet above the Upper Raleigh Sandstone, attains a fine development in the territory of this Report where it has long been mined extensively on a commercial scale. It is always multiple-bedded, soft and columnar, in its minable area usually ranging in thickness from 30 to 60 inches. It has an enviable reputation as a steam, domestic, and coking coal, especially for the latter use when mixed with a high volatile and medium high ash coal. It is the same as the "Davy** bed of McDowell County, where it yields a fuel with the highest average calorific value — over 15,500 British Thermal Units per pound of coal — yet reported in the United States. In Fayette, as in the latter County, it is a very important "key-rock," the red structure
"D. B. Reger, Barbour-Upshur-W. Randolph Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 288-290: 1918.
*1. C. White, The Virginias, pp. 7-16; January, 1885; BuU. 65, U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 197; 1891; and Vol. 11, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 657- 665; 1903.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 3 Ii
contours on Map IT, covering that area lying to the southeast of its 1300-foot level, being based on it. Its outcrop is outlined in detail on the same map. In Chapter III, page 89, a table of intervals is published showing its approximate distance in feet above and below other well-known members of the rock column at 18 scattered points in the county. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for 2S scattered points ; and in about SO of the logs of the coal test borings, the details of which are published in Chapter XI.
In addition to the commercial mines it has also been prospected extensively by the large land-holding companies. Its thickness and character at these diggings and the mines are described in the last-mentioned Chapter, along with Figure 20, showing its approximate minable area, and also an estimate of its available tonnage.
The Welch Sandstone.
The Welch Sandstone of the author*^, belonging at its type locality — Welch, McDowell County — ^in the 60 to 70 feet of interval separating the coal last described from the underlying Welch Coal, is more or less lenticular and irregular in its occurrence in Fayette. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Nuttallburg, South Fayette Station, and Ma3rwood — Aldrich Camp ; and in the logs of coal test borings Nos. 58, 66, 76, and 79A on Map II, the details of which are published in Chapter XI. According to Teets, the stone used in the construction ot a battery of 124 beehive coke-ovens at the Macdonald Mine of the New River Coal & Coke Co., — No. 168 on Map II — was obtained from a sandstone quarry in a ledge directly below the Sewell Coal in the immediate vicinity. The quarry rock evidently correlates with the Welch Sandstone, as the Upper Raleigh ledge belongs 60 to 75 feet below the coal bed last mentioned in this locality.
"Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 198-9 ; 1915.
312 Stratigraphy — New River Group Of Pottsville Series.
The Welch Coal.
The Welch Coal of White*^*, belonging at its type locality — Welch, McDowell County — 60 to 70 feet below the Sewell ("Davy") Coal, directly below the sandstone last described and 0 to 10 feet above the great Upper Raleigh Sandstone, is present in Fayette at an interval ranging from 35 to 90 feet below the Sewell Coal. It appears to represent a separate and distinct bed and not a "split" off the Sewell as tentatively suggested on page 244 of Volume 11(A) of the State Survey Reports. Although mined extensively on a commercial scale in McDowell County, in Fayette it appears to be too thin, lenticular and irregular to be of any economic worth. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Ansted, South Fayette Station, and Maywood — Aldrich Camp, pages 170, 181, and 202, respectively ; and in the logs of coal test borings Nos. 25, 46, and 88 on Map II, the details of which are published in Chapter XL
This coal was observed at several outcrop exposures in Sewell Mountain District, in the northwestern edge of the latter, at Coal Exposurq No. 252 on Map II, in the public highway just south of the cross-roads, l}i miles southeast of Winona, where it is 6 inches in thickness at an elevation of 2400^ B., 70 feet below the crop of the Sewell bed, as determined by the author.
Six miles southeastward at Coal Exposure No. 253 on Map
II, in the public road, 0.4 mile south of Pittman, 7 to 8 inches
of slaty coal crops at its horizon at an elevation of 2625' 13., 40
to 50 feet below the Sewell Coal. Four miles northeastward
and 1.5 miles southeast of Ravenseye, at Coal Exposure No.
254 on Map II, the following section was measured by the
author :
Feet. Inches.
Slate and concealed 26 0
Sandstone, Welch, visible 5 0
Coal, Welch 0 6
Shales, sandy and hard, visible 2 0
«•!. C. White, Vol. 11, W. Va. (Jeol. Survey, pp. 666-7; 1903.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 313
In the same District (Sewell Mountain), 2j/$ miles southwestward and just north of the Pine Grove Schoolhouse, at Coal Exposure No. 255 on Map II, closed on date of author's visit, the Welch bed is reported only 8 inches in thickness. Its elevation here is 2630' B., 35 to 40 feet below another prospect in the Sewell Coal.
Three-tenths mile southeastward at Coal Exposure No. 256 on Map II, the Welch Coal is only 6 inches in thickness, at an elevation of 2645' L., 35 feet below the Sewell, and 5 feet above the top of the Upper Raleigh Sandstone.
At Coal Exposure No. 257 on Map II, 3 5^ miles eastward and J4 mile due south of the summit of Buster Knob, the Welch Coal is only 3 inches in thickness, at an elevation of 3095' B., as determined by the author, 35 to 50 f^et below the Sewell bed and 25 feet above the massive portion of th^ Upper Raleigh Sandstone.
At the H. L. Gwinn Coal Prospect No. 258 on Map II, at an elevation of 3135' B., as determined by the author, the Welch Coal is only 6 to 8 inches in thickness, according to Ottaway Gwinn. It is self evident from the foregoing data that the Welch Coal is too thin to warrant classification as a minable bed, but the information given is of interest to the extent that it demonstrates that the Welch is a separate and distinct bed in the type locality of the Sewell Coal.
The Upper Raleigh Sandstone.
The Upper Rdleigh Sandstone of White", or the upper division of the Raleigh Sandstone of Campbell^*, occupying the major portion of the interval — ^90 to 110 feet — separating the bed last described from the underlying Little Raleigh Coal, is widely persistent in Fayette and a valuable "key-rock." Here it is generally heavy-to current-bedded, medium-to coarse-grained, micaceous to quartzitic, usually conglomeratic, grayish-white to grayish-brown in color, and forming great cliffs around the mountain sides along its outcrop. It has acted as a friendly mantle in conjunction with the underlying
"I. C. Wblte, Vol. 11 (A), W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 198; 1908.
»M. R. CampbeH, Raleigh Folio, No. 77, U. S. Geol. Survey; 1902.
314 Stratigraphy — New River Group Of Pottsville Series.
Lower Raleigh ledge in preserving from erosion a large acre • age of the coal beds of the New River Group. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Horseshoe Creek and Peters Creek in Falls District; Kingston in Kanawha; Ansted in Mountain Cove ; Russellville, Winona and Nuttallburg in Nuttall ; Cotton Hill and South Fayette Station in Fayetteville ; Manns Creek, Sewell, Beury, Ravenseye, Corliss, Maywood — ^Aldrich Camp, Sims Schoolhouse, and Sievy Bridge Station in Sewell Mountain; Quinnimont — North Side, Meadow Creek Station and Walnut Flat Schoolhouse in Quinnimont; in the logs of oil and gas test borings Nos. 11, 12, IS, 18, 20, 21, 23 and 29 on Map II, published in Chapter X ; and in the logs of 20 of the coal test boi;^ngs published in Chapter XI. Its outcrop should follow. 40 to 75 feet below that outlined on Map II for the Sewell Coal bed. Northwestward from Cotton Hill along the New River gorge to Gauley Junction, this ledge and the overlying Guyandot Sandstone appear to have coalesced, cutting away entirely the intervening shales and Sewell Coal. Southeastward along' the same gorge from Cotton Hill to the Summers County Line it forms great cliffs, and the same is true for it along the valley walls of Meadow River above Miller P. O., and on Keeney, Arbucle, Dunloup, Buffalo, Slater, and Laurel Creeks. In the northern edge of the County it is this ledge, as shown in the Mouth of Peters Creek Section, page 138, that forms the "flat-rock" bottom for the bed of Gauley River at the mouth of Flat Rock Hollow, 0,S miie eastward from the mouth of Beech Run. It is this ledge that is quarried for glass-sand near the crest of the east valley wall of New River, slightly less than one-half mile eastward from Ephraim, a description of which, along with an analysis of the sand, is published under "Glass-Sand" in Chapter XII.
If the Sewell Coal correlates with the Sharon bed, as indicated in the Rowlesburg (Preston County) Section published in Chapter VI, page 237, then the Upper Raleigh Sandstone undoubtedly correlates with the Sharon Sandstone of the Pottsville Series of western Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 315
The Little Raleiqh "A" Coau
The Little Raleigh "A" Coal of Krebs", belonging in its type region — Raleigh County — immediately at the base of the sandstone last described and 10 to 25 feet above the Little Raleigh Coal proper, was observed in Fayette only at Beuiy, (See Beury Section, page 199), and it is recorded in the log of coal test boring No. 13A on Map II, just south of Page, the details of which are published in Chapter XL Here, it is only 7 inches in thickness, 15 feet above the Little Raleigh bed. It has never been mined commercially in the State and is of no economic importance in this County.
The Little Raleigh Coal.
The Little Raleigh Coal of White*", belonging at its type locality — Raleigh (now Beckley), Raleigh County — near the base of the IS to 30 feet of dark shales separating the sandstone last described from the underlying Lower Raleigh ledge, is quite persistent in Fayette, although being too thin to be classed as a minable seam. It is generally multiple-bedded, soft, and columnar, seldom exceeding 15 inches in thickness. Its bituminous roof shales, as shown in the Beury Section published in Chapter IV, page 199, sometimes carry fossil shells of the genus Lingula, in fact the latter forms can usually be found in any dark to black argillaceous shale or slate of the Pottsville Series of the southern half of the State, even if these often appear to possess only a local development.
The thickness and stratigraphic position of the Little Raleigh Coal are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Ansted, Russellville, South Fayette Station, Beury, Corliss — 1 Mile North, Sievy Bridge, and Walnut Flat Schoolhouse, and in the logs of coal test borings Nos. 10, 13A, IS, 26i 41, 42, 45, 58, 76, 81, 88, 93, 119, 146, 149, and 151 on Map II, the details of which are published on subsequent pages in Chapter XL
"K3. E. Krebs, Raleigh Co. Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 322 and 861; 1916.
»I. C. White. Vol. 11(A), W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 198-9; 1908.
3l6 STRATIGRAPHY — NEW RIVER GROUP OF POTTSVILLE SERIES.
In the northern edge of Falls District, the author measured the following section at Coal Exposure No. 259 on Map II, on the south bank of Gauley River, on the point immediately west of the mouth of Horseshoe Creek :
Feet. Coal, Sewell, at closed prospect (No. 455 on Map II)
Concealed 25
Sandstone, Upper Raleigh, grayish-white, making great
cliff 76
Slate, black 8.2
Fire clay shale, sandy 3
Concealed to Gauley River 22
In the southwestern edge of Mountain Cove District it appears to be this bed at Coal Exposure No. 260 on Map II, that was found in the excavation for the C. & O. Railroad bridge piers at Hawks Nest, as exhibited in the Ansted — Hawks Nest Section published in Chapter IV, pages 170-2.
In Nuttall District only 4 inches of the Little Raleigh Coal is visible at Coal Exposure No. 261 on Map II, in the Keeney Creek Branch of the C. & O. Railroad, 0.5 mile west of Boone, at an elevation of 1565' B., 4 feet below the great Upper Raleigh Sandstone cliff and about 160 feet below the Sewell Coal, as determined by the author.
In Fayetteville District it is only 6 inches in thickness at Coal Exposure No. 262 on Map II, in the edge of the public road along Arbuckle Creek, about one-half mile east of Minden and 0.2 mile east of the mouth of Rocklick Creek, at an elevation of 1555' B., 15 feet below a cliff of the Upper Raleigh Sandstone.
In Sewell Mountain District, it is the Little Raleigh bed that was once opened at Coal Prospect No. 263 on Map II, on the north side of the public road along Glade Creek, 2.1 miles northeast of Danese, at an elevation of 2645' B., 165 feet below the horizon of the Sewell bed, as determined by the author. The digging was closed when visited in 1916, but from the evidence on the dump it is probably not present in merchantable thickness and purity.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 317
The Lower Raleigh Sandstone.
The Lower Raleigh Sandstone of White*^, or the lower division of the Raleigh Sandstone of Campbell^^, attains in Fayette a development almost equal to that of the Upper Raleigh ledge, which it resembles in both texture and physical appearance. It usually occupies most of the interval between the bed last described and the underlying Beckley Coal. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Kingston, Russellville, Nuttallburg, South Fayette Station, Sewell — 0.9 Mile South, Beury, Sims Schoolhouse, Sievy Bridge, Grandview — Royal, Boggs Knob — Sims Station; in the logs of oil and gas test borings Nos. 9, 12, 18, and 23 on Map II, published in Chapter X ; and in about 20 of the logs of coal test borings published in Chapter XI. No quarries were observed on this ledge but it should crush into a clean, sharp sand suitable for concrete aggregate.
The Beckley Coal.
The Beckley Coal of Campbell^®, and as later recognized by White^*, belonging at its type locality — Beckley, Raleigh County — ^immediately at the base of the sandstone last described and 225 to. 250 feet below the Sewell Coal, does not appear to attain minable dimensions and regularity, although apparently thickening up locally immediately north and west of Parral, as shown in the logs of coal test borings Nos. 36 and 37 on Map II, details of which are published in this Report. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Nuttallburg, Sewell— 0.9 Mile South, Corliss — 1 Mile North, Grandview — Royal, and Boggs Knob — Sims Station; and in the logs of coal test borings Nos. 14, 35-37, 42, 46, 53, 79A, 81, 88, 111, 119, 120, and 146-150 on Map II, details of which are published in Chapter XL
"Loc. cit., pp. 198-9.
"M. R. Campbell, Raleigh Folio, No. 77. U. S. Geol. Survey; 1902. *LiOC. cit.
"I. C. White. W. Va. Geol. Survey, Vol. II, pp. 667-8; 1903; and Vol. n(A), pp. 186-195; 1908.
3l8 STRATIGRAPHY — NEW RIVER GROUP OF POTTSVILLE SERIES.
THE QUINNIMONT 8ANDSTaNE.
The Quinnimont Sandstone of White**, belonging at its type locality — Quinnimont, Fayette County — immediately below the coal bed last described, is more or less lenticular. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the Mouth of Manns Creek and Royal Sections, pages 196 and 208, respectively; and in the logs of coal test borings Nos. 14, 35, 46, 66, 81, 111, and 120 on Map II, the details of which are published in Chapter XI. No quarries were observed on it.
The Quinnimont 8Hale.
The Quinnimont Shale of Campbell"*, occupying together with the lenticular sandstone last described the interval separating the Beckley Coal from the underlying Fire Creek (Quinnimont) Coal and ranging in thickness at its type locality— Quinnimont, Fayette County — from 60 to 125 feet, is quite persistent throughout the region of its outcrop in the latter County. It is usually laminated, carrying both argillaceous and arenaceous layers, dark-gray to black in color, and subject to extreme variations in thickness. In fact, southwestward in the region extending from Eccles, Raleigh County, to Maben, Wyoming County, this great mass of shale, including the associated Quinnimont Sandstone, thins down at several points to only a few inches of coaly slate, permitting the junction of the Beckley and Fire Creek Coals with a total mining section of 5 to 8 feet, as described more fully by the author on pages 208-210 of the Wyoming-McDowell Report of the State Geological Survey. The thickness and stratigraphic position of this shale are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Mouth of Manns Creek and Royal, pages 196 and 208, respectively; and in the logs of ooal test borings Nos. 41, 42, 45, 46, 111, 118, 120, and 149 on Map II, the details of which are published in Chapter XI.
"I. C. White, Vol. 11(A). W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 13; 1908.
•'M. R. Campbell, Raleigh Folio, No. 77. U. S. Geol. Survey; 1902.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 319
The Fire Creek ("Quinnimont") Coal of White'-, belonging at its type localities in Fayette County 90 to ISO feet below the Beckley bed and 325 to 385 feet below the Sewell seam at Fire Creek and Quinnimont, respectively, is a valuable deposit of fuel in the latter County, where it has long been mined extensively on a commercial scale; It is usually multiple-bedded, soft, and columnar, typical of the coals of the New River and Pocahontas Groups, and it has a reputation almost equal to that of the Sewell bed as high-grade steam and coking coal. According to the reference last cited, it was first opened commercially at Quinnimont in the southern edge of the County — Mine No. 208 on Map II being one of the operations — ^by the Quinnimont Coal Company, from which place it was known locally as the "Quinnimont Coal." The limited supply of coal available at this operation, owing to the crop of the bed. high up near the mountain summit, soon caused the abandonment of the mining plant. Seven to eight miles northward in the western edge of Sewell Mountain District, a bed of coal was opened somewhat later on Fire Creek — Mine No. 194 on Map II — from which stream it was designated the Fire Creek Coal. Later it was discovered that the Quinnimont and Fire Creek represented one and the same bed, but the trade name "Fire Creek Coal" had become so firmly established as to supplant the former in spite of the rules of geologic nomenclature favoring the former designation. As mentioned under the shale last described, southwestward in Raleigh and Wyoming Counties, the latter stratum and its associated Quinnimont Sandstone frequently thin down to a few inches of coaly slate, permitting the junction of the overlying Beckley and this bed into a single mining section of 5 to 8 feet.
The thickness and stratigraphic position of the Fire Creek Coal are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for 14 scattered points; and in a number of the logs of the coal test borings, the details of which are published in Chapter
"I. C. White, Bull. 65, U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 197; 1891; and Vol. 11(A), W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 179-185; 1908.
320 Stratigraphy — New River Gr0Uf1 Of Pottsville Series.
XI. Its outcrop is shown in detail on Map II. Its thickness and character at the commercial mines, country banks, and crop exposures, and its approximate minable area, as limited on Figure 21, are described in the same Chapter, along with an estimate of its available tonnage.
The Little Fire Creek Coal.
The Little Fire Creek Coal of White", belonging at its type locality — Grandview, Raleigh County — 20 to 40 feet below the bed last described and having a thickness of less than one foot, is fairly persistent in the immediately adjoining area of the territory of this Report. Here, it is usually soft and columnar but hardly attains sufficient thickness and regularity to warrant its classification as a minable bed, although 'thickening up locally at a point or two into a seam that may sometime be operated, as the thicker and more regular coals approach exhaustion. Its thickness and stratig^aphic position are^ exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Kingston, Russellville, Mouth of Manns Creek, Corliss — 1 Mile North, Sims Schoolhouse, Royal, Grandview — Royal, and Boggs Knob — Sims Station ; and in the logs of coal test borings Nos. IS, 26, 45, 46, 79A, 111, 146, 150, and 151 on Map II, details of which are published in Chapter XI.
The author collected a sample for analysis and measured the succession shown in the Boggs Knob — Sims Station Section published in Chapter IV, page 218, at fhe William Sims Coal Opening — No. 221 on Map II, yi mile west of the summit of Boggs Knob, at an elevation of 3260' B. The coal at this digging appears to represent the Little Fire Creek bed. The composition of the sample from the 23 inches included in the bottom bench, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak under Laboratory No. 925H, is published in the first table of coal analyses at the end of Chapter XI, under No. 221. The results indicate a coal of exceptional purity and calorific value.
One mile and a half northeastward in Greenbrier County, it appears to be this same bed that is opened at W. H. Sims Coal Prospect No. 264 on Map II, on the east side of Sims
"I. C. White, Vol. 11(A). W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 22 and 26; 1908.
PLATE XI.— Vtew of "Lover's Leap Rock" on north hillside of New River, just below Hawks Nest, Formed from cliff exposure ct upper portion ot Lower Nuttall Sandstone, exhlbitit-bedding In latter.
1
«
West Virginia Geological Survey. 32 1
Mountain and the public road, 400 to 500 feet due south of the Sims Schoolhouse and 2 miles due south of Rainelle at an elevation of 3035' B., the following section being measured here
by the author:
Feet. Coal, bony and slaty 1' 0'' ] Little
Coal, soft, columnar, V Fire 2.5
The above opening belongs 125 to 140 feet above another in the No. 6 Pocahontas Coal and slightly over 400 feet below the horizon of the Sewell bed.
THE PiNEViLLE SANDSTONE.
The Pineville Sandstone of the author**, occupying at its type locality — Pineville, Wyoming County — most of the 100-foot interval separating the Fire Creek Coal from the underlying No. 9 Pocahontas Coal, is widely persistent in Fayette and is a pronounced cliff-former along the valley walls of Meadow River from the mouth of Burdette Creek southeastward to Rainelle and throughout the southern border and eastern portion of Quinnimont District. It is this great ledge that plays no small part in the preservation of the plateau southeastward from Backup to the Summers County Line, 1 mile northwest of Meadow Creek Station. Here, it belongs 15 to 25 feet below the Fire Creek Coal and directly below the Little Fire Creek bed. It is usually heavy-to current-bedded, medium-grained, micaceous to quartzitic, gray to grayish-white in color, ranging in thickness from 40 to 75 feet. Its stratigraphic position is exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Powellton in Kanawha District; Russellville in Nuttall; South Fayette Station in Fayetteville ; Manns Creek, Beury, Corliss, Rader Ford, Maywood — Aldrich Camp, and Sims Schoolhouse in Sewell Mountain; Alaska, Royal, Quinnimont — North Side, Lawton, Meadow Creek, Beurytown. Walnut Flat School, Boggs Knob — Sims Station, and Turniphole Mountain in Quinnimont; and in the logs of coal
"Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 211-12; 1915.
322 Stratigraphy — New River Group Of Pottsville Series.
test borings Nos. 50, 79A, 111, ISO, and 151 on Map II, the details of which are published in Chapter XI.
The author collected a sample of this ledge for analysis at its great cliff exposures low down near the bed of Meadow River at the mouth of Burdette Creek in the edge of Greenbrier County. Here, it is exposed in a cliff 25 to 40 feet high, at an elevation of 2290^ B., 30 to 40 feet above the bed of Meadow River. The stone is grayish-white in color, medium-grained, and quartzitic, an inexhaustible supply of the stone being easily accessible from the long lines of cliff exposures southeastward along both valley walls of Meadow River. The composition of the sample, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak under Laboratory No. 916H, is published under "Glass- Sand" in Chapter XII. The results of this test indicate a sandstone carrying a very high percentage of silica, and a correspondingly low percentage of the impurities ; ferric iron, alumina, lime, and magnesium.
The No. 9 Pocahontas and the No. 8 Pocahontas Coal beds of White'^'* and as more definitely described by the author***, belonging in their type regions of McDowell and Mercer Counties in the 75 to 100 feet of measures separating the sandstone last described from the underlying Flattop Mountain Sandstone or top member of the Pocahentas Group, were not definitely observed in the territory of this Report.
«I. C. White, Vol. 11(A), W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 102 and 177; 1908. "Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 212-13 and 213-14; 1915.
Chapter Viii.
Stratigraphy— The Pocahontas Group Of The Pottsville Series.
General Account.
The Pocahontas Group or Lower Pottsville of White^, beginning at top with the Flattop Mountain Sandstone and extending down through the rock column to the top of the Mauch Chunk red shales of the Mississippian, attains a maximum thickness for Fayette County of 400 to 425 feet in the southwestern edge of Quinnimont District, as against 700 to 750 feet for the same group in southeastern McDowell County where the maximum development for the State is represented. In Fayette the division plane between the New River and the Pocahontas Groups is not so sharply defined as in the Tug Fork of Big Sandy River region, owing to the absence of Nos. 9 and 8 Pocahontas Coal beds, and the tendency of the Pineville Sandstone or basal member of the New River Group of Fayette to coalesce with the underlying Flattop Sandstone mentioned above. Its strata consist of massive to current-bedded sandstones, medium-to coarse-gprained, slightly argillaceous, comparatively free of pebbles, and light-g^ay to gray in color; shales, both argillaceous and arenaceous, buff, gray, and black in color, one — the Royal — carrying a fossil fauna closely approaching a marine phase; impure fire clays; and coal beds, generally multiple-bedded, soft, and columnar, types characteristic of the coal beds of the New River and Pocahontas Groups. Its coal beds have the greatest economic importance, two of which — the No, 6 Pocahontas and the No. 3
»I. C. White, Vol. 11(A), W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 13; 1908.
324 Stratigraphy — The Pocahontas Group Of The
Pottsville Series.
Pocahontas — attain minable dimensions, purity, and regularity. The areal extent of the surface rocks of this group is shown in detail on Map II. Only two of its contained coal beds attain minable dimensions and regularity; viz, the No. 6 Pocahontas and the No. 3 Pocahontas, of which the former is by far the more important from an economic standpoint.
The sandstones, which constitute more than half its rock strata, affect the topography along their outcrops in a less striking manner than those of the New River Group, in that long lines of cliff exposures are not quite so common. The character and stratig^aphic position of the several members of the Pocahontas Group are exhibited in the Greneral Section of the Pottsville Series of the southern half of the State published in Chapter IV, pages 109-111, along with those of the Kanawha and New River Groups. In the same Chapter there are also published many special sections at widely scattered points that give similar data.
Description Of Members, Pocahontas
Group.
A detailed description of the members of the Pocahontas Group will now be given in the descending order of their occurrence in the General Section of the Pottsville Series last mentioned.
The Flattop Mountain Sandstone.
The Flattop Mountain Sandstone of White^ and as more fully described by the author', belonging at its type locality — summit of Flattop Mountain, 2 miles northwest of Pocahontas, Virginia— 300 feet above the No. 3 Pocahontas Coal, 5 to IS feet above the No. 7 Pocahontas bed, and being the topmost member of the Pocahontas Group or of the Lower Pottsville, outcrops along the valley walls of New and Meadow Rivers above Thurmond and Rader Ford, respectively. As mentioned in Chapter VII under the description of the Pineville
"Loc. cit., pp. 13-14.
'Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol. Surrey, pp. 216-17; 1915.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 325
Sandstone, it is often so coalesced with the latter that it is difficult to determine where the one leaves off and the other begins. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Russellville, Manns Creek, and Beury, pages 176, 196, and 199, respectively. No quarries were observed on it.
The Rift Shale of the author*, belonging immediately at the base of the sandstone last described, directly above the No. 7 Pocahontas Coal and ranging in thickness from IS to 30 feet at its type locality — Rift, McDowell County — was not observed in Fayette.
The No. 7 Pocahontas Coal.
■
The No. 7 Pocahontas Coal of White** and as more fully described by the author*, belonging at its type locality — Pocahontas, Virginia — immediately below the formation last described, 80 to 100 feet above the No. 6 Pocahontas Coal and 275 to 290 feet above the No. 3 Pocahontas bed, is very irregular in its occurrence in Fayette, and of doubtful economic worth, in fact its correlation is more or less uncertain in this County. It has been tentatively identified in the sections published in Chapter IV for Russellville, Beury and Walnut Flat Schoolhouse, pages 176, 199, and 217, respectively ; and in logs of coal test borings Nos. 26, 143, and 148 on Map II, details of which are published in Chapter XI.
The Pierpont Sandstone.
The Pierpont Sandstone of the author', belonging at its type locality — Pierpont, Wyoming County — directly below the coal last described and S to IS feet above the No. 6 Pocahontas bed, appears to be present in Fayette but its correlation is as uncertain as that of the member last described. It has been tentatively identified in the sections published in
•Lioc. cit., p. 217.
*I. C. White, Vol. 11(A). W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 102-4; 1908.
•Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDoweU Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 217-18; 1915.
»Loc. cit., p. 218-19.
326 Stratigraphy — The Pocahontas Group Of The
Pottsville Series.
Chapter IV for Russellville and Grandview — Royal, pages 176 and 209, respectively; and in the log of coal test boring No. 1 SO on Map II, details of which are published in Chapter XI. No quarries were observed on it.
The Royal Shale.
The Royal Shale of Krebs®, constituting at its type locality— Royal, Raleigh County — the fossil-shell-bearing roof shales of the No. 6 Pocahontas Coal, appears to be fairly persistent in Fayette in practically the same development, being dark to black in color, somewhat argillaceous, and carrying fossil shells, the genus Lingula predominating. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Russellville, South Fayette Station, Mouth of Manns Qreek, Beury, Royal, and Turniphole Mountain — J4 Mile Northwest. Its presence in the measures of both Sewell Mountain and Quinnimont Districts further corroborates the author's correlation of the thick merchantable coal bed in this region, 150 to 170 feet below the Fire Creek seam, with the No. 6 Pocahontas Coal of Raleigh, Mercer, and McDowell Counties.
The author measured the following section at the crop
of this shale in the roof of Coal Prospect No. 585 on Map II
on the land of the New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal
Co. in Quinnimont District on the waters of Lefthand Creek
of Meadow Creek, 0.4 mile northeast of the summit of Beelick
Knob:
Feet. Shale, Royal, black, argillaceous, with Lingula foesil
Coal, soft, 6" to O'T
No. 6 Pocahontas 4.1
Bone, hard, 3" to. . . . 0 4 Coal, soft 3 2
Slate, black, hard, pavement.
This shale has about the same thickness in the roof of the No. 6 Pocahontas Coal and carries the same type of fossil shells at an exposure in the public road in the southeastern
•C. E. Krebs, Raleigh Co. Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 366-7; 1916.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 327
point of Quinnimont District, as exhibited in the Turniphole Mountain — J4 Mile Northv^^est Section published in Chapter IV, page 219.
The No. 6 Pocahontas Cx>Al.
The No. 6 Pocahontas Coal of White®, described more fully by the author on page 220 of the Wyoming-McDowell Report of the State Survey and belonging at its type locality — I'ocahontas, Virginia — 80 feet below the No. 7 Pocahontas Coal and 189 feet above the No. 3 Pocahontas seam, attains minable dimensions and regularity in Sewell Mountain and Quinnimont Districts, where it is usually multiple-bedded, soft, and columnar, in its minable area ranging in thickness from 18 inches to 6 feet. It is this bed that is mined commercially near the Fayette-Greenbrier County Line on the southwest hillside of Meadow River, 1 mile northward from Rainelle at Coal Mine No. 222 on Map II, details concerning which are published in Chapter XI. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Russellville, Manns Creek, Sewell — 0.9 Mile South, Beury, Maywood — Aldrich Camp, Sims Schoolhouse, Sievy Bridge, Royal, Lawton, Meadow Creek, Beurytown, Walnut Flat Schoolhouse, Boggs Knob, Turniphole Mountain — Yi Mile Northwest, and Turniphole Mountain ; and in the logs of coal test borings Nos. 26, 79A, 81, 143, 145, and 147 on Map II, details of which are published in Chapter XI. Its depth is also indicated in an additional number of these borings listed in a table of the same published in the last-mentioned Chapter. Its outcrop is outlined in detail on Map II. It has been prospected extensively in the southeastern portions of both Sewell Mountain and Quinnimont Districts by the New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. Its thickness and character at these diggings, with Figure 22 showing its approximate minable area, are described in Chapter XI, and an estimate given for its available tonnage.
The Eckman Sandstone of the author^**, occupying at its type locality — Eckman, McDowell County — the major portion
•I. C. White, Vol. TT(A), W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 103-4; 1908. "Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 221-2; 1915.
328 Stratigraphy — The Pocahontas Group Of The
Pottsville Series.
of the 75 to 90 feet of interval separating the coal last described from the underlying No. 4 Pocahontas bed, was not observed. The same is also true for the No. 5 Pocahontas Coal of White", belonging at its type region in McDowell County 25 to 30 feet above the underlying No. 4 Pocahontas Coal and described by the author^* as probably a "split" off the latter seam.
The No. 4 Pocahontas Coal
The No. 4 Pocahontas Coal of Lathrop and White^', belonging at its type locality — Pocahontas, Virginia — ^91 feet below the No. 6 Pocahontas bed and 96 feet above the No. 3 Pocahontas seam, is present in Fayette but does not attain sufficient thickness and regularity to warrant its classification as a minable coal. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Grandview — Royal, Beurytown, and Turniphole Mountain — yi Mile Northwest, pages 209, 215, and 219, respectively.
The Upper Pocahontas Sandstone.
The Upper Pocahontas Sandstone of the author^*, belonging at its type locality — Pocahontas, Virginia — 0 to 5 feet below the coal last described and 0 to 10 feet above the underlying No. 3 Pocahontas Coal, is present in Fayette, as exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Quinnimont — North Side, and Turniphole Mountain — J4 Mile Northwest, pages 211 and 219, respectively; and in the log of coal test boring No. 150 on Map II, published with the Grandview — Royal Section, page 209.
The No. 3 Pocahontas "Rider" Coal of the author", belonging at its type region in southeastern Wyoming and McDowell Counties in the 10 to 20 feet of measures that
"I. 0. White, Vol. n(A), W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 104; 1908.
^'Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 223; 1915.
'»W. A. Lathrop. "The Virginias" for June, 1884, p. 97 ; I. C. White, Vol. 11(A). W. Va, Geol. Survey, pp. 103-4; 1908.
"Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 224-5; 1915.
"Loc. cit., p. 226.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 329
sometimes separate the sandstone last described from the underlying No. 3 Pocahontas Coal, was not observed in Fayette.
The No. 3 Pocahontas Coal.
The No. 3 Pocahontas Coal of Hotchkiss, Lathrop'^ and White, belonging at its type locality — Pocahontas, Virginia — 185 feet below the No. 6 Pocahontas bed, 96 feet below the No. 4 Pocahontas seam, and directly below the Upper Pocahontas Sandstone, appears to attain minable dimensions in the southeastern border of Fayette in Quinnimont District. In this region it is usually multiple-bedded, soft, and columnar and more or less irregular in its occurrence, seldom attaining 3 feet in thickness. Its stratigraphic position is exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for South Fayette Station, Sievy Bridge, Grandview — Royal, Quinnimont — North Side, Beurytown,Boggs Knob — Sims Station, and Turniphole Mountain— Yi Mile Northwest; and in the logs of coal test borings Nos. 27 and 150 on Map II, details of which are published in Chapter XI. Its outcrop is outlined in detail on Map II. It has not been mined commercially in Fayette but it has been prospected to some extent. Its thickness and character at these diggings are published in the last-mentioned Chapter, along with Figure 23 showing its approximate minable area, as also an estimate of its available tonnage. '
The Lower Pocahontas Sandstone of the author", usually occupying in Mercer and southeastern Wyoming and Mc- Dowell Counties the major portion of the 40 to 60 feet of interval separating the coal last described from the underljang No. 2 Pocahontas bed, is present in Fayette in a more or less irregular and lenticular form. Its position in the measures is exhibited in the General Section of the Pottsville Series and that for Quinnimont — North Side, published in Chapter IV, pages 110 and 211, respectively.
'•W. A. Lathrop, "T?ie Virginias" for June, 1884, p. 97; and I. C. White, Bull. 65, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 203-4; 1891; Vol. II, pp. 689-690; 1903; and Vol. 11(A), pp. 103-4; 1908; W. Va. Geol. Survey.
'^Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 228-230; 1915.
330 Stratigraphy — The Pocahontas Group Of The
Pottsville Series.
The No. 2 "A" Pocahontas Coal of the author", belonging in its type region in southeastern Wyoming County 20 to 30 feet above the No. 2 Pocahontas Coal, was not observed in Fayette.
The No. 2 Pocahontas Coal.
The No. 2 Pocahontas Coal of Lathrop" and White, belonging at its type locality — Pocahontas, Virginia — 67 feet below the No. 3 Pocahontas bed and 28 feet above the No. 1 Pocahontas seam, appears to be represented in Fayette, but it is thin and unimportant from a commercial standpoint. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Beurytown, and Turniphole Mountain — J4 Mile Northwest, pages 215 and 219, respectively.
The No. 4 Pocahontas Coal of Lathrop^" and White, belonging at its type locality — Pocahontas, Virginia — ^90 to 100 feet below the No. 3 Pocahontas bed and 25 to 30 feet below the No. 2 Pocahontas seam, appears to be also represented in Fayette, but is too thin and impure to have any economic worth. Its thickness and position in the measures are indicated in the Quinnimont — North Side Section, published in Chapter IV, page 211.
The North Fork Shale.
The fossil-shell-bearing North Fork Shale of the author-\ belonging 60 to 70 feet below the bed last described and forming the roof shales of the Simmons Coal of the author-^, in their type localities in McDowell and Mercer Counties, appears to be represented in Fayette by a similar fossil-shell zone at 50 to 75 feet above the base of the Pottsville Series, fn the western portion of Sewell Mountain District, the
"Lroc. cit., p. 230.
'•W. A. Lathrop, "The Virginias" for June, 1884, p. 97; and I. C. White, W. Va. Geol. Survey, Vol. H, pp. 689-690; 1903; and Vol. 11(A), pp. 103-4; 1908.
*TLiOC. clt.
"Ray V. Hennen, Wyoming-McDowell Report, W. Va. Geol Survey p. 239; 1916.
"Loc. clt., PD. 239-240.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
author obtained the following data at what appears to be an exposure of this member on the south hillside of Manns Creek along the Manns Creek Railroad grade, near the point where the latter is intersected by the axis of the Mann Mountain Anticline as the latter is outlined on Map II :
Feet. Inches. Shale, North Fork, black, with many small pelecypod
fossil shells 15 0
Limestone, hard, greenish-gray (1905' B.) 0 8
Shale, dark, to railroad grade 2 0
The above exposure belongs about 720 feet below the horizon of the Sewell Coal. Slightly less than 54 mile northwestward along the same railroad grade, the author measured the following section at the crop of the same member at a structural level 130 feet lower:
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, making cliff 40
Concealed 10
Sandstone, limy, dark, crinold
fossils abundant 0 4
Shale, black 4 0
Limestone, fairly pure, marine
fossils 0 9
Shales, black, to railroad grade. . 4
North Fork
Shale 23
Chapter Ix,
Stratigraphy— The Mauch Chunk
Series.
General Description.
The Mauch Chunk Series or the upper division of the Mississippian crops to the surface in Fayette in Sewell Mountain and Quinnimont Districts, and along the west hillside of New River in the southeast edge of Fayetteville District and includes the beds extending down through the rock column from the base of the Pottsville to the top of the great Greenbrier Limestone. Its strata are largely made up, with one or two exceptions, of thinly bedded, green to reddish-brown, medium-grained, micaceous sandstones, alternating irregularly with red and green shales,- the whole ranging in thickness from 400 to 500 feet in the northwestern border of the County to probably 2500 feet in the southeastern margin in the Meadow Creek region. At the latter station on the C. & O. Kailroad, 1200 to 1300 feet of these measures crop above the bed of New River, with probably almost as great a thickness lying below the same stream. A general section of the Maiich Chunk Series for this area in the region of its maximum development is, published at the beginning of Chapter IV, page 113. In the same Chapter the thickness and character of its beds are exhibited in the special gections for Alaska, Belva — 0.7 Mile South, Beurytown, Boggs Knob — Sims Station, Grandview — Royal, Kingston, Lawton, Manns Creek, Marting, Meadow Creek Station, Powellton, Quinnimont — North Side, Quinnimont — South Side, Royal, Sewell — 0.9 Mile South, Sievy Bridge, Turniphole Mountain, and Terry. The areal extent of its surface rocks is shown in detail on Map II. Although these rocks lie below drainage in the northwestern two-thirds of the
West Virginia Geological Survey. 333
County, yet a knowledge of their character has been obtained in this region from the logs of oil and gas test borings, some of v/hich are published in connection with the sections last given, and others in Chapter X. In the general section of the series, mentioned above, the Princeton Conglomerate and the Terry Limestone are the only members in Fayette that appear to attain sufficient importance to warrant designation. These will now be described.
The Princeton Conglomerate Sandstone.
The Princeton Conglomerate Sandstone of Campbell^, belonging in the Mauch Chunk Series, 800 feet below the base cf the Pottsville, 2500 feet above the Greenbrier Limestone, and averaging about 40 feet in thickness at its type locality — Princeton, Mercer County — is a very pronounced cliff rock in Fayette, attaining even a greater development in this County than in the former. Here, in its typical development, it is usually a massive, conglomeratic sandstone, carrying more and larger quartz pebbles than any of the Pottsville ledges above it. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the General Section of the Mauch Chunk Series published in Chapter IV, page 113, and in the special sections published in the same Chapter for Royal, Terry, Quinnimont — South Side, Meadow Creek Station, and Beurytown ; and in the logs of coal test boring No. 56 on Map II, published in Chapter XI. On pages 249-50 of the Wyoming-McDowell Report of the State Survey, the author has suggested its correlation with the "Maxton Sand" of the oil well drillers in the northwestern region of the State. The log of the latter boring and its interval— ^250 to 375 feet — ^below the base of the Pottsville Series along its outcrop on the valley walls of New River above StoneclifF, and those of Meadow Creek southwestward from Gwinns Siding, tend to corroborate this correlation.
This sandstone is widely persistent on northeastward along the outcrop of its horizon in great conglomeratic cliffs on the headwaters of Cherry, Cranberry, and Williams Rivers, tributaries of the Gauley, across southeastern Nicholas and Web-
»M. R. Campbell, Pocahontas Folio, No. 26, U. S. Geol. Survey; 1895.
334 Stratigraphy Mauch Chunk Series.
ster Counties and northwestern Greenbrier and Pocahontas, onto the drainage of Cheat River in Randolph County, according to a verbal communication of D. B. Reger, who recently gathered data in the field throughout this region for Reports on Webster and Nicholas.
At the mouth of Meadow Creek on New River it crops in a bold cliff 75 to 90 feet in height, over 800 feet above the bed of the latter stream. Passing down the river from this point the conglomerate gradually becomes thinner until it practically disappears just above the axis of the Mann Mountain Anticline. Just below the mouth of Glade Creek it reappears in conglomeratic form and makes almost a continuous line of cliffs along both valley walls of New River to the lower end of the "Stretcher Neck" bend of the latter stream, beyond which it practically disappears, its horizon dipping below the liver near Stonecliff.
Northeastward from Meadow Creek Station it forms great cliffs along the valley walls of Meadow Creek to just above Gwinns Siding where it passes below drainage. The great conglomeratic boulders strewed along the valley floor and walls of the latter stream have mostly broken off from the cliffs of this sandstone. It is this ledge that was once operated at Sandstone Quarry No. 9 on Map II, on the east hillside of Meadow Creek, 0.4 mile southward from Meadow-bridge (Clute P. O.), at an elevation of 2385' B., as determined by the author. Here, the quarry-face is about 400 feet long, 25 to 35 feet high, and is worked back eastward into the hill a distance of 50 to 75 feet. The stone obtained was crushed here and used for ballast in the construction and maintenance of the Sewell Valley Railroad. It varies from greenish-gray to grayish-white in color and is coarse-grained, very hard, and pebbly.
Northeastward from Meadowbridge this sandstone forms the valley floor of Meadow Creek for slightly over a mile. Here it belongs about 1170 feet below the horizon of the Sewell Coal, 520 feet below the No. 3 Pocahontas bed and 350 to 360 feet below the top of the Mauch Chunk Series.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 335
The Terry Limestone.
The marine fossiliferous Terry Limestone of Krebs^, belonging at its type locality — Terry, Raleigh County — 1130 feet below the Sewell Coal, 450 feet below the No. 3 Pocahontas bed, 336 feet below the top of the Mauch Chunk Series, and 10 to 15 feet below the sandstone last described, should be present on the opposite side of New River from Terry in Fayette County. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the Terry Section published in Chapter IV, page 207. The latter shows 3 inches of impure coal 2 feet below the limestone in question. This evidently correlates with the Pluto Coal of Krebs*, the latter belonging at its type locality — Pluto, Raleigh County — 450 to 475 feet below the No. 3 Pocahontas Coal and 350 to 375 feet below the top of the Mauch Chunk Series. It is also the belief of the author that the marine fossiliferous Upper Hinton Limestone, shown by Krebs on page 167 of the report last cited, is one and the same with the Terry ledge, as it belongs at practically the same interval below the top of the last-mentioned series.
Eight to nine miles northward from Terry in the western edge of Sewell Mountain District, the author measured the following section at the crop of a marine fossiliferous horizon on the north bank of Ephraim Creek, 0.2 mile southeast of Pennbrook railway station, that may possibly correlate with the Terry Limestone, although it appears to belong at a considerably less interval — ^950 feet — below the horizon of the Sewell Coal than the exposures last given above :
Feet.
Shale, black, with Lingula fossil shells abundant 20
Shale, sandy, ferriferous, with cHnolds and other fossil shells abundant (^^W B.) 1
*C. E. Krebs, Raleigh County Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 69; 1916.
"Loc. cit, pp. 74 and 635.
Part Iii
Mineral Resources
Chapter X.
Petroleum And Natural Gas
Oil And Gas Horizons In West Virginia.
No oil has yet been produced from the total of nine wells that have been completed within Fayette County and of these only two — Nos. 9 and 11 on Map II, described fully on subsequent pages of this Chapter — have produced gas in paying quantities. The opening of the rich Berea Sand oil pool on Cabin Creek in December, 1914, by the Ohio Cities Gas Company, 6 miles westward from Fayette, has attracted considerable attention recently to the northwest border of the latter County on the possibility that its northeast extension may reach this region. The zones in which the oil and gas are likely to occur are the sandstone members of the Pennsylvanian, Mississippian, and Devonian, as in the developed fields of other portions of the State. In the latter area no oil or gas in commercial amounts has yet been found in the Permo- Carboniferous or Dunkard Series immediately above the Pennsylvanian or in the Chemung and Portage divisions of the Devonian, with the exception of the Benson Sand' of Barbour County. The "Big Lime" or Greenbrier Limestone of the
*D. B. Reger, Barbour-Upeliur-'Randolph Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 86-6 and 310; 1918.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 337
Mississippian is the only calcareous member that has produced oil and gas in West Virginia.
The following table gives the names and classification of the several oil and gas zones in this State, as published, with the addition of the Benson Sand, on page 280 of the Braxton- Clay Report prepared by the author for the State Geological Survey, the zones that have proved productive in Fayette and in the immediately adjoining portions of Nicholas, Clay, and Kanawha Counties being printed in black face type:
Table Showing Oil and Gas Zones of West Virginia.
Pennsylvanian:
Monongahela Series Carroll Sand (Unlontown).
Murphy Sand (Morgantown). Conemaugh Series • Moundsville Sand (Saltsburg).
First Cow Run or Little Dunkard f Sand (Buffalo). [ Big Dunkard Sand (Mahoning) .
Allegheny Series
Gas Sand of Marion and Monongalia Counties (Lower FVeeport).
Pottsville Series \ Cairo Salt Sand (Connoquenessing).
Cairo ?
Rosedale Gas Sand.
Rosedale Salt Sand.
Mississippian:
f Maxton, Dawson, Cairo?
Greenbrier Limestone Big Lime, not generally productive.
r Keener Sand and Beckett Sand of Milton.
Pocono Sandstones ^ ^'8 '"J"" ?*"^-
Sauaw Sand.
Weir Sand.
I Berea Sand.
Petroleum And Natural Gas.
IHvonian:
CatBklll Red Beds
Chemung and Portage Beds.
Oantz Sand. Fifty-foot Sand. Thirty-foot Sand. Gordon Stray Sand. Gordon Sand. Fourth Sand. Fifth or McDonald Sand. Sixth or Bayard Sand. Seventh or Elizabeth Sand.
Warren First or Second, Tlona, Speechley and Benson Sands. No well-defined oil or gas horizons yet discovered In West Virginia.
Within Fayette not all the sands marked in black face in the foregoing table have produced oil or gas in paying quantities, as only the Big Injun and Weir come under this category, these having produced gas in commercial amounts near Belva and Montgomery, respectively. Owing to the rapid expansion of the Pottsville and Mauch Chunk Series southward and southeastward across the county, it is practically impossible to devise a set of intervals from some known surface stratum down to the producing sands that would apply over a very large portion of the County. As a substitute the reader is referred to the two tables at the beginning of Chapter III, pages 88-89, for the Big Injun Sand; to the summarized table of well logs on subsequent pages of this Chapter ; and to the complete records of several wells for detailed information on any particular locality.
Description Of Oil- And Gas-Bearing Sands.
The Maxton Sand.
The Maxton Sand, belonging in the Mauch Chunk Series and probably correlating with the Princeton Conglomerate Sandstone, described in Chapter IX, page 333, has not produced either oil or gas in commercial quantity in Fayette, but in the western point of Nicholas County, slightly less than one mile northeast of Belva at the mouth of Twentymile Creek, a fine show of oil was found in this sand in the H. O. Havener Well No. 2 — No. 6 on Map II. In the northwestern counties
West Virginia Geological Survey. 339
of the State it has proved a very prolific zone for both oil and gas.
The Big Lime.
The "Big Lime" or Greenbrier Limestone of the Mississippian carried quite a strong flow of gas in the A. D. Huntington No. 3 Well — No. 20 on Map II — near the head of Hughes Creek in Kanawha County, less than 2 miles from the Fayette line, and shows of gas in Wells Nos. 11 and IS on the same map within the latter County. The oil from this zone is usually darker and heavier than that found in the sands, but thus far none has been found in it in the territory of this Report.
The Keener Sand.
The Keener Sand, belonging directly below the zone last described, representing at its type locality — Keener farm near Sister sville, West Virginia — a split off the Big Injun proper of western Pennsylvania, and ranging in thickness at Sisters-ville from 20 to 40 feet, has not produced either oil or gas in Fayette, but shows of the latter are reported from it in the H. O. Havener No. 1 Well— No. 8 on Map II~LS miles northward from Belva.
The Big Injun Sand.
The Big Injun Sand or top member of the Pocono Sandstone Series, as limited in West Virginia, frequently includes in one sandstone mass the zone last described, an underlying middle member, and the still lower Squaw and Weir Sands. In eastern Kanawha and western Fayette it js usually limited to the first reddish member below the Big Lime, the Keener in this locality usually being absent ; or if present, being gray in color. A good flow of gas is reported from this zone in the Newman No. 1 Well — ^No. 9 on Map II — 0.6 mile due south of Belva, the detailed log of which is published in Chapter IV, pages 134-5, in connection with the Belva — 0.7 Mile South Section. A trace of oil is reported from it in the log of the Havener well mentioned above under the description of the Keener Sand.
340 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
The Weir Sand.
The Weir Sand of Krebs*, belonging at its type locality — Weir, Kanawha County — 350 to 390 feet below the top of the Big Lime, is present in Fayette and appears to occupy the same zone as the Squaw Sand of the northern portion of the State. A fine flow of gas was encountered in this sand at the Montgomery Heirs No. 1 Well — No. 11 on Map II — on the south hillside of the Kanawha River at the west edge of Montgomery. Westward in Kanawha O^unty it has been a prolific gas producer as shown in several wells on Map II and listed in the Table of Wells on a subsequent page of this Chapter.
The Berea Sand.
The Berea Sand or basal member of the Pocono Sandstone Series is a very rich oil and gas zone immediately westward from Fayette in Kanawha County, the great Cabin Creek oil field of the latter area getting its production entirely from this sand. It belongs 660 to 690 feet below the top of the Big Lime, directly below 15 to 25 feet of brown shale, and ranges in thickness from 20 to 45 feet. Thus far it has proved barren in the limited number of test wells within Fayette. In fact it appears to be very irregular in thickness and physical structure, frequently being represented by only a thin "shell".
Well Records And Prospective Areas.
Summarized Records.
The following table gives a list of all the test wells for oil and gas that have been drilled in Fayette, grouped by magisterial districts, along with many others from the immediately adjoining portions of Nicholas, Kanawha and Raleigh Counties. It gives not only the serial number designating each well in the text and on Map II, but also its elevation above sea-level, the depth to the top and thickness of the Big Lime, Big Injun, and Berea Sands and the character of the
*C. E. Krebs, Kanawha County Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 302-3; 1914.
long i. In c xievels ; it the id by r the brain wing this
my. ly.
•IMiny.
ying ss of
ying ,dven ipor- :hese ould i de-
The Weir, K Big Liir same zoi State. ^ Montgoi south hi] gomery. liiic gas listed in Chapter.
The stone Se
ward fro oil field « this sane Lime, di in thickr in the li it appeal ture, fre<
Wei
The oil and magistet diately a Counties each we! above se Lime, B
*C. E. 302-3; 191
West Virginia Geological Survey. 34I
well in all cases where these data could be obtained, along with the total depth and the name of the producing zones. In the elevation column, the latter "B" indicates barometric tie- Terminations, checked by U. S. Geological Survey spirit-levels ; and the letter "L", spirit-level measurements. Throughout the text, the name of any well, when mentioned, is accompanied by its corresponding serial number on Map II, and under the column headed "Owner", an effort has been made to obtain the official name of the operating company. The following abbreviations of company names have been used in this column :
Abbreviations. Full Names.
Benedum-Trees - - - - Benedum-Trees Oil Ck)mpany.
Coal River O. Co. - - - Coal River Oil Company
C.O.G. Co. CO. G. Company.
Dunbar O. & G. - - - - Dunbar Oil & Gas Company.
Green Sulphur O. & G. - - Green Sulphur Oil & Gas Company.
Jacks Branch .... Jacks Branch Oil ft Gas Company.
Lackawanna Lackawanna Coal & Lumber Company.
Ohio Cities Ohio Cities Gas Company.
Ohio Fuel Ohio Fuel Oil Company.
South Penn South Penn Oil Company.
United Fuel United Fuel Gas Company.
Wayland O. ft G. - - - Wayland Oil & Gas Company.
West Penn West Penn Oil Company.
Under the column headed "Remarks" in the accompanying table, the following abbreviations are used for the names of oil and gas zones :
Abbreviations.
Names of Zones
B. Lm. -
Big Lime,
Knr. - - -
Keener Sand.
B. I. - - .
Big Injun Sand.
In addition to the abbreviated logs in the accompanying table, a number of the detailed logs of the wells will be giver, on subsequent pages, which exhibit many features of importance that could not be shown in the table. Many of these are defective to the extent that important items that should have been recorded are lacking, but a number are quite detailed.
342 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
DETAILED WELL RECORDS IN FALLS DISTRICT AND THE ADJOINING PORTION OF NICHOLAS COUNTY.
Falls District occupies the northern border of Fayette, adjoining the Counties of Kanawha, Clay, and Nicholas. Its surface rocks belong in the Allegheny Series and in the Kanawha and New River Groups of the Pottsville. As shown on Map II, its eastern portion is traversed in a northwest-southeast direction by the Mann Mountain Anticline, the total structural relief, as exhibited by the No. 2 Gas Coal contours on Map II, being 1800 feet from the northwestern point of the District to the intersection of the axis of the fold last mentioned with the Falls-Mountain Cove District Line. A description of 9 wells that have been completed in the adjoining portion of Nicholas County will now be given.
The E. V. Shdton No. 1 Well— No. 1 on Map II— located on Otter Creek, tributary to Peters Creek, one-eighth mile west of Lockwood, at an elevation of lOSO' B., as determined by D. B. Reger and starting in the Gilbert Shale, was r dry hole. This well was completed by the Lackawanna Coal & Lumber Company and only a show of gas and much water were found.
The Lackawanna Coal & Lumber Co. Well — ^No. 2 on Map II — located on the west bank of Little Elk Creek, 0.4 mile T:orth of the mouth of Upper Elk Hollow and 2.4 miles northeast of Swiss, and drilled by the owners of the land, is a fair gas well, its production now supplying the towns of Swiss and Jodie with domestic fuel, according to D. B. Reger. The latter reports the Big Lime as the gas zone, but he was unable to obtain the log of the boring or to learn the rock pressure and volume of gas encountered. This well is evidently just on the west side and near the crest of the Mann Mountain Anticline as the latter continues its course northwestward from Gauley River into Nicholas County.
The Lackawanna Coal & Lumber Co. Well — No. 3 on Map II — drilled by the owners of the land and located on the north bank of Lilly Branch of Twentymile Creek, 1.1 miles .southeast of Vaughan, was a dry hole, according to D. B. Eeger, starting at an elevation of 925' B., at the base of the
West Virginia Geological Survey. 343
Monitor Sandstone. He was unable to obtain the log of this well but it was probably drilled below the Big Injun, possibly through the Berea.
The C. D. Backus No. 1 WeU— No. 4 on Map II— drilled b} the Lackawanna Coal & Lumber Company in September, 1913, and located on the east bank of.Twentymile Creek at the mouth of Big Hollow, 0.8 mile south of Vaughan, was practically a dry hole through the Berea. According to information given D. B. Reger by the landowner, Mr. Backus, it was drilled to a total depth of 2282 feet, shows of gas being found in a shallow sand and in the Big Injun. The well was plugged and later the gas broke through in sufficient quantities to furnish domestic fuel for Mr. Backus during the last two years. This well starts at an elevation of 78(y B., only 5 feet below an opening in the Eagle Coal, according to Reger.
The Lackawanna Coal & Lumber Company Well — No. 5 on Map II — located on the north bank of Twentymile Creek, 1.2 miles northeast of Belva and completed by the landowners in February, 1914, to a depth of about 2000 feet, was a dry hole, according to Teets. It starts at an elevation of 710^ B., or 190 to 200 feet below the No. 2 Gas Coal and must have penetrated the Big Injun Sand but not the Berea. The former should belong here about 1850 feet below the coal in question, and the latter about 450 feet deeper.
The H. O. Havener No. 2 Well — No. 6 on Map II— located on the south bank of Twentymile Creek, 0.8 mile northeast of Belva, was completed in June, 1913, by the Dunbar Oil & Gas Company, to a depth of 1377 feet through the Maxton Sand. According to information furnished by Geo. A. Cunningham, Chief Engineer of the United Fuel Gas Company of Charleston, W. Va., when the oil pay was tapped in the Maxton, it flowed 30 barrels in 20 minutes and then stopped, a cave below the casing closing in the well. He also reports 1130 feet of 6H-inch casing used. The Survey was unable to obtain the log of this boring.
The log given next below was erroneously published on pages 346-7 and 378 of the Braxton-Clay Report of the State Geological Survey through a confusion of farm numbers as representing the HiH-Long No. 2 Well — ^No. 7 on Map II—
344 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
located on the west bank of Open Fork, 0.3 mile south of Bentree (formerly Carterboro). The last-mentioned well was a dry hole probably through the Berea, but the Survey was unable to obtain its record:
Jefferson District, Nicholas County, 0.8 mile northeast of Belva on
.south hillside of Twentymlle Creel^ 500 feet southeast of H. O.
Havener No. 2 (No. 6 on Map II) ; authority S. M. Dunbar and C. E.
Krebs; drilled by Dunbar Oil & Gas Company; completed May, 1914;
elevation 812' L. Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Lfoose dirt 15 15
Sand 30 45
Slate 30 75
Sand 35 110
Slate, hard 120 230
Sand 10 240
Slate 10 250
Lime 45 295
Conglomerate, Dotson 15 310
Slate 5 315
Sand, loose. Lower Dotson 85 400
Slate 5 405
Coal, Lower Douglas 3 408
Sand, Upper Nuttall 92 500
Lime, sandy 42 542
Coal, show, "Hughes Ferry," larger 2 544
Ume, sandy 46 590
Slate 45 635
Sand, "Rosedale" Salt, hard, Harvey and
Guyandot 190 825
Slate 25 850
Sandy Ume, hard 65 915
Sand and lime, extra hard 225 1140
Slate cave 12 1152
Sand and shells 43 1195
Red rock 25 1220
Slate and shells 90 1810
Red rock 45 1355
Slate and shells 35 1390
Red rock 30 1420
Lime 35 1455
Lime, sandy, last 15', Maxton 45 1500
Slate and Ume sheUs 30 1530
Lime 30 1560
Slate 20 1580
Slate cave 15 1595
Big InJun Sand »5 1837
Slate and shells 339 2176
Sand, Bcrca, broken 36 2211
Slate and shells to bottom 64 2275
The gas In bottom of Ume; Casing record: Conductor, 11'; lO''^
West Virginia Geological Survey. 345
The above well starts 100 to 110 feet below the No. 2 Gas Coal bed.
The following is the record of another dry hole located iji miles northward that gives valuable details of the stratig raphy of this region. It is reported to have had a fine showing of g^s in both the Keener and Big Injun Sands. It should start within 10 to 20 feet of the horizon of the No. 2 Gas Coal bed :
H. O. Havener No. 1 Well Record— No. 8 on Map II.
In Nicholas County, on Lick Branch, 0.4 mile northeast of Dixie; authority, E. A. Mead; completed, January 23, 1913; elevation, 785' B.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Soil 16 15
Slate 10 90
Sand 20 UO
Slate 60 160
Sand and lime shells 80 190
Slate 110 300
Sand, very hard 35 336
Slate and lime shells 120 455
Slate 33 488
Lime, very hard, gray 67 655
Lime, rotten, black 12 567
Lime, hard, gray 48 615
Sand, hard, gray 30 645
Slate and lime shells 35 680
Slate 6
Slate, white 45
Slate, bfcick .' 5 755
Sand, gray, Guyandot 55 880
Slate and lime shells 25 905
Lime, hard, gray 25 930
Sand, white, Upper Raleigh 120 1050
Slate and lime shells 65 1115
Sand 5 1120
Lime, black 30 1150
Sand, gray 40 1190
Slate and lime shells 10 1200
Red rock ,26 12526
Slate and lime shells 20 1245
• Lime, gray 50 1295
Red rock 47 1342
Slate and lime shells 43 1385
Red rock 35 1420
L/Ower fNuttall .. 70 760
346 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Thickness Total.
Feet Feet.
Slate 10 143».
Sand, Maxtor), top hard, bottom good 30 1460
Lime 131 1591
Pencil Cave 6 1597
Big Lime, regular 151 1748
Red rock, hard 8 1756
Lime sheUs 12 1770
Big
Injun .. 41 1811
Sand, white, hard 16'
Sand, red, coarse, trace of oil
at 1807'; show of gas 25
Shale and lime shells 389 2200
Shells, hard 13 2213
Shale, brown 6 2219
Sand, Berea 6 2225
Slate to bottom 10 2235
10" casing, 20'; 8%" casing 480'; 6%" casing, 1620'.
The detailed log of the Newman No. 1 Well — No. 9 on Map II — located in a west side branch of Gauley River, 0.7 mile due south of Belva, is published in Chapter IV in connection with the Belva — 0.7 Mile South Section, pages 134-5. Tt was completed October 25, 1913, and was a fair gasser from both the Keener and Big Injun, having an initial volume of 1 J4 million cubic feet daily, according to Geo. A. Cunningham, Chief Engineer of the United Fuel Gas Company.
Three and a fourth miles southwestward in Falls District ihe United Fuel Gas Company completed, December 16, 1916, the Kanawha-Gauley Coal & Coke Company No. 1 Well — ^No. 10 on Map II — to a depth of almost 600 feet below the Berea Sand with no shows of oil or gas being reported. This well is located on Fourmile Fork of Smithers Creek, 0.3 mile south-cast of Marting and its detailed log, as kindly furnished the Survey by the company last mentioned, is published in Chapter IV in connection with the Marting — 54 Mile Southeast Section, pages 123-4. Here the Maxton and Big Injun Sands were present in fair development but the Weir and Berea had thinned away entirely.
The J. A. Buster No. 1 Well— No. 13 on Map II— located in the southern edge of Falls District, 1J4 miles southeast of Boomer between the Kanawha & Michigan Railroad and the river, on the west bank of Jarrett Branch, and completed in 1914 by the Jacks Branch Oil & Gas Company, encountered a
West Virginia Geological Survey. 347
showing of gas in the Big Lime at about 1800 feet and was drilled to a depth of 2800 feet, according to information obtained by A. M. Hagan from M. J. Sims of Montgomery, W. Va. This well starts at an elevation of about 640^ B., or SSO feet below the No. 2 Gas Coal bed, so that the gas show evidently occurred near the horizon of the Berea Sand instead of the Big Lime, judging from the intervals prevailing at wells Nos. 11 and 12 on Map II at Montgomery, the logs of which are published on subsequent pages of this Chapter.
The following is the log of a well that was completed long after the field data for the Fayette Report were collected, the details and information concerning which were kindly furnished the Survey by C. E. Krebs of Charleston, W. Va. It starts in the interval separating the Upper and Lower Nuttall Sandstones :
Kanawha & Hocking Coal & Coke Company Well No. 1
Falls District, located at Glen Ferris, drilled by G. L. Cabot;
began drilling May 14tli; completed September 1st, 191S; elevation, 67(y B. ; location on Map II as furnished by G. E. Krebs.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Gravel 23 23
Sand 87 110
Slate and sand 75 185
Lime ? 20 205
Slate and sand 90 295
Sand 100 395
Slate 55 460
Sand 200 650
Slate 150 800
Lime shells 50 850
Sand 75 925
Red rock 50 975
Lime 15 990
Red rock 10 1000
Slate 15 1015
Ume 35 1050
White slate 40 1090
Lime 10 1100
Red rock 30 1130
Slate 15 1145
Red rock 20 1185
Ume 30 1195
Slate 5 1200
Sand, Maxton 55 1255
Slate 3 1258
348 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Thickness Total.
Feet Peet
Little Lime 37 1295
Break, unrecorded 3 1298
Lime 70 1368
Pencil Cave 2 1370
Lime, dark 30' 1
Lime, white (gas at 1499'; [ Big Lime. . 247 1617
Sand, Big InJun 73 1690
Slate and shells 330 2040
Shale 25 2065
Slate and shells to bottom 173 2238
Well shot and tubed for casing at 1700'.
13" casing, 23'; 10" easing, 63': 8%" casing, 1308'; 6%" casing. 1419'.
When the Big Injun was encountered, according to Krebs, this well showed gas at the rate of about 2,(XX),000 cu. ft. daily, but it soon diminished in size, and later when it was shot it showed only about 50,000 cu. ft. daily. It is tubed and being used for commercial purposes at Glen Ferris.
Prospective Oil Ano Gas Areas, Falls District.
The test wells that have been thus far completed in Falls District are confined to that portion lying to the west of Gauley River and those that have been described on preceding pages from Nicholas County largely affect the same portion oi the District, with the possible exceptions of Nos. 1 and 2 on Map II. Considerable gas was found in the Newman well — No. 9 on Map II — ^in the Keener and Big Injun Sands, the other two test wells within the District being dry holes. The latter two penetrated below the Berea but found no sand at the latter zone. As described more fully on a subsequent page of this Chapter, the recent completion of the dry hole — B. H. Early No. 1 (No. 31 on Map II) — through the Berea apparently shuts off the extension of the rich Cabin Creek oil field of Kanawha County northeastward into Fayette, a feature that is rather discouraging for the outlook of a possible Berea oil pool in that portion of the District west of Gauley River where the fixed carbon content of the coal beds is favorable, being under 65 per cent. There is a possibility, however, of a
West Virginia Geological Survey. 349
Maxton oil pool in the Belva region in that portion of Falls District lying immediately southwest of the H. O. Havener No. 2 Well — No. 6 on Map II — ^in which a fine showing of Maxton oil was obtained in the Maxton Sand. Its extension to the northeast and southeast is shut off by the dry holes — Nos. 5 and 6A on Map II, respectively.
The eastern portion of Falls District is traversed in a northwest-southeast direction by the rapidly plunging Mann Mountain Anticline. The Lackawanna Coal & Lumber Company Well — No. 2 on Map II — described on a preceding page and located near the crest and just west of the axis of this fold, is a fair gasser from the Big Lime. Southeastward along the crest of this arch in Falls District the rocks are at a considerably higher structural level and may possibly hold a paying gas pool, although any test well for the sands of the Mississippian and Catskill in a region where the folding, with its consequently increased metamorphic action, has become more intense as the great folds of the Appalachian Mountain System are approached, would be accompanied by much greater financial risk than prevails on similar structure in the northwestern half of the State. This is further attested by the low volatile content of the coal be.ds. The fact that the latter have lost a considerable portion of their volatile gases since deposition tends to the probability that the oil and gas from the sands below may have escaped into the air long ago as a direct result of the same earth forces.
Prospective Oil And Gas Areas, Mountain Cove District.
Mountain Cove District lies immediately south of the eastern portion of Falls. Its outcropping rocks belong in the Allegheny Series and in the Kanawha and New River Groups of the Pottsville Series. No test wells for oil or gas have ever been drilled within its borders. Its eastern margin is traversed in a northwest-southeast direction by the Mann Mountain Anticline, a feature that causes its structural relief, as exhibited on Map II, to have a range of 1150 feet. The area belongs, however, in the region of low volatile coal beds, and for reasons mentioned above under the description of Falls District, it is doubtful if oil and gas in commercial quantities
350 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
will be found in spite of the favorable structure for their gravimetric segregation.
Detailed Well Records In Kanawha District.
Kanawha District lies immediately south of the western half of Falls District on the southeastern slope of the Handley Syncline, its surface rocks belonging in the Allegheny Series and the Kanawha and New River Groups of the Pottsville. As shown by the structure contours on Map II, there is no marked interruption of the general northwest dip of the surface strata to indicate a corresponding interruption of the dip of the usually petroliferous sands, features that are an essential aid on such a monocline structure for the accumulation of commercial oil and gas pools. Four test wells have been drilled within the District, three of which were dry holes through the Berca Sand, the other, the log of which is given next below, is a fair gasser from the Weir Sand.
Kanawha District, Fayette County, on south hillside of Kanawha River at Montgomery, 0.5 mile southeast of mouth of Morris Creek;
drilled by Ira Sayres, authority for log; completed, July 81, 1917; elevation, 717' L.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Soil and gravel 80 80
Lime 40 120
Shale (Eagle Shale horizon at base) 75 195
Lime 20 216
Coal, Glenalum Tunnel 4 249
Slate 101 360
Gas Sand, Dotson (water to drill at 360') . . 50 400
Slate and shells.. 80 480
l8t Salt Sand, Upper and Lower Nuttall. . .. 145 625
Slate 37 662
2nd Salt Sand, limy, Harvey and Guyandot,
(hole full of water at 675') 2^8 870
Slate 6 875
3rd Salt Sand, slaty, Upper Raleigh 100 975
Slate 33 1008
CoAl, Fire Creek ? 6 1014
Slate 41 1055
Sand 67 1112
SUte 6 1118
West Virginia Geological Survey. 351
Thickness Total.
Feet Feet.
Red rock 6 1123
SUte . : 15 1166
Red rock 20 1186
Slate 89 1224
Ume 4 1228
Red rock and ehells 112 1840
Slate, black 18 1868
Sand 42 1400
Red rock 66 1465
Lime 10 1466
Slate and shells 35 1600
Red rock 80 1680
Sand, Maxton, (a litUe water at 1560') . . . ; . 60 1690
Slate 6 1696
LitUe Lime 30 1626
Slate 6 1681
Lime shells 7 1688
Pencil Cave 27 1665
Big liime 132 1797
Big Injun Sand 60 1960
Slate and shells 34 1984
Sand, Weir (1267' L.. B. T.) (gas iMiys at
1998'-2018' and 2015-2020') 48 2027
Slate to bottom 18 2046
Tubed, 2" tul)ing; 6%z2 anchor packer, aet at 1847'; perforation, 1995' to 2010'; casing: 13" wood conductor, 16', pulled out; 12%" Drive Pipe 70', pulled out; KT casing, 350^, pulled out; 8%", 1224', pulled out; 6%^ 1710', pulled out.
The above well starts about 60 feet below the crop of the No. 2 Gas Coal bed, and is reported to have had an initial volume oi \y2 million cubic feet daily with a rock pressure of S60 pounds to the square inch. In November, 1917, the gauge showed it putting 450,000 feet daily into the line for Montgomery local supply.
Montgomery Heirs No. 2 — No. 12 on Map II.
Kanawha District, Fayette County on south side of Kanawha River at Montgomery, 0.9 mile east of mouth of Morris Creek; authority, George E. Miller; drilled by Ira Sayres; completed, Novemt>er 27, 1917; elevation, 714' L.
Thickness. Total. Peet. Feet. Oravel, quicksand, (BSagle Coal horizon at
Slate and shells 105 190
352 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Thickness TotaL
Feet Feet
Slate 35 235
Coal, Qlenalum Tunnel 4 239
Slate and shells 231 470
Sand, Upper and Lower Nuttall 135 605
Coal, Hughes Ferry 2 607
Slate, lime and sand 255 862
Coal, Sewell 2 864
Slate, lime and sand. Upper and Lower
Raleigh Ill 976
Coal, Little Raleigh ? 5 980
Sand, Lower Raleigh 125 1105
Slate, lime, and sand 130 1235
Slate, lime, sand, and red rock 260 1495
Uttle Ume 47 1606
Slate, black 12 1617
Lime, gray 7 1624
Sand, gray 6 1630
Pencil Cave 10 1640
Big Lime 150 1790
Red sand. Big Injun 50 1925
Slate and shells 25 1950
Slate and lirnf* 308 2320
Shale, brown 20 2340
Lime, horizon of Berea Sand at top 60 2400
Slate, black, to bottom 8 . 240S
Casing record: 12%", 70^, left in; 10", 250', left in; 8". 1105' pulled out; and 6%", 1658', 1350' pulled out; 6%" casing shot off fourth time.
The above well is located only 0.4 mile east of the Montgomery Heirs No. 1 gasser from the Weir Sand but was a dry hole through the Berea. The latter sand was absent entirely, its horizon belonging throughout the Kanawha Valley region just below the brown shale at 2320 feet. It starts 45 feet below the crop of the No. 2 Gas Coal bed.
The detailed log of the Powellton Well— No. 14 on Map II — located on the east bank of Powellton Fork of Armstrong Creek, just above the C. & O. Railroad station at Powellton, is published in Chapter IV, in connection with the section for the latter place, pages 159-161. It was a dry hole to a depth of over 400 feet below the Berea, the latter sand and those of the Upper Catskill being absent entirely. The top of the Big Injun Sand rises 150 feet in elevation above its position in well No. 11 on Map II at Montgomery, while the No. 2 Gas Coal bed rises 675 feet southeastward between the same
PLATE XII.— View sbowlng outcrop exposures of Lower Nuttall (upper
cliff) and Harvey Conglomerate Sandatonea at "Lover's
Leap Rock" shown on Plate XI.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 353
points as exhibited on Map II. This discrepancy is due to the rapid expansion in the same direction of the intervening Pottsville and Mauch Chunk beds and the Greenbrier Limestone ("Big Lime").
The following is the log of a dry hole drilled in the south-em portion of Kanawha District to a depth of 631 feet below the Berea. The 52 feet of sand at a depth of 2882 feet appears to represent the Gordon. Only shows of gas were found in the Big Lime and the Big Injun :
Gallego No. 1 — No« 15 on Map II.
Kanawha District, Fayette County, on west bank o£ Paint Creek, 1.4 miles south of Mahan, at Krebs; authority, Geo. E. Miller; drilled
by Wayland Oil & Gas Co.; completed, March 11, 1916; elevation, 985' B.
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Sand, hard, Lower Nuttall 98 110
Coal, "Hughes Ferry," larger 4 114
Shale, broken 41 155
Sand, hard, Harvey, Guyandot, Upper and
Slate and sand 202 620
Coal, Fire Creek? 6 626
Sand and slate '. 289 915
Lime and slate 85 1000
Red rock 166 1165
Lime and sand 109 1274
Slate and lime 66 1340
Red rock 42 1382
Lime and slate 101 1483
Slate and hard shells 73 1556
PencU Cave 12 1568
Big Lime (small gas show at 1570') 302 1870
Sand or lime, red. Big Injun 25 1895
(pay soft, lots of pebbles, 1994'-1998') 37 2017
Slate, soft, and sheUs 299 2415
Slate, dark 30 2445
Shale, brown 19 2464
Sand, Berea 23 2487
Slate and shells 153 2640
Unrecorded (slow drilling, 2640'-2742') 102 2742
Slate, light-colored 140 2882
Sand, Gordon 52 2934
Sand, shells, and slate 66 3000
Slate and shells to bottom 118 3118
Casing used: Conductor, 14'; 10", 293', left in; 8%", 850'. left in; 6%", 1573', left in.
354 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
The above well starts 820 feet below the No. 2 Gas Coal bed and 110 feet below the top of the Upper Nuttall Sandstone, so that the coal encountered at a depth of 110 feet undoubtedly represents the Hughes Ferry bed. The top of the Big Injun Sand has risen 135 feet above its position in the Powellton Well — No. 14 on Map II — ^while the No. 2 Gas Coal bed rises 385 feet southward, or practically 3 times that for the former member.
The following is the record of a dry hole just recently completed 3 miles southward from the southern edge of Kanawha District, in Raleigh County. According to the structure contours on the Map accompanying the detailed Geological Report of Raleigh County for the State Survey, this boring should start about 485 feet below the Eagle Coal bed or about 725 feet below the No. 2 Gas seam. In this well the top of the Big Injun or base of the Big Lime is only about 50 feet higher than in the well last given, while the surface rocks, based on the Eagle Coal bed, have risen about 250 feet in the same distance :
Rowland Land Company No. 1 — No. 18 on Map II.
Clear Fbrk District, Raleigh County, at mouth of Stovers Fork of Sycamore Creek, 0.3 mile southeast of Sycamore School; authority, W. P. EMwards; drilled by Coal River Oil Co.; completed, December, 1917; elevation, 1320' L.
Thickness. Total. Peet. Feet.
Conductor and surface 14 14
Sand, "Mountain," Upper and Lower Nuttall 196 210
Coal, Hughes Ferry 5 215
Shale, broken 20 235
Band, hard, Harvey, Guyandot and Upper
Raleigh 310 545
Slate and shale 5 550
Sand, Lower Raleigh 90 640
Slate and shale 2 642
Sand, Qulnnimont and Pineville 168 810
Slate, black 20 830
Sand 95 926
Shells and slate, red, cave 105 1030
Slate and shells 146 1190
Sand 60 1240
Red rock 80 1320
Sand 50 1370
Slate and shells 130 1500
West Virginia Geological Survey. 355
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Sand, red 155 1655
Sand 95 1750
Red rock, lime 25 2175
Lime, white 55 2230
Red rock 40 2270
Slate and shells 55 2365
sand, Wfelp 45 2410
Slate and shells 510 2920
Sand, Gordon 7 45 2965
Slate and shells 75 3040
Lime 20 3060
Slate 60 3120
Slate and sand 135 3255
Sand 85 3340
Sand and slate to bottom 94 3434
Prospective Oil And Gas Areas, Kanawha District.
The results found in well No. 18 on Map II above and in the other four in Kanawha District are not very encouraging, taken in connection with the continued northwest dip of the surface rocks without any marked interruption entirely across its area. The lack of such features in conjunction with its proximity to the region of the County carrying low-volatile coals, makes it appear very problematical whether oil and gas in commercial quantities will be found, with the exception of the small Weir Sand gas pool in the extreme northwestern point of the District. At the present stage of the development on the kind of structure that prevails as regards the surface rocks, any test well is accompanied by great financial risk or more or less a "shot at random."
Lack Of Test Wells In Nuttall, Sewell Mountain And
Quinnimont Districts.
These three Districts occupy the eastern bolder of Fayette County, and, as shown in detail on Map II, the surface rocks, with the exception of a few narrow belts of Quaternary (alluvial deposits) along the valley floors of the larger streams, belong in the Pottsville Division of the Pennsylvanian and the Mauch Chunk of the Mississippian, the latter series being be-
356 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
low drainage in Nuttall District. Only 3 wells have been drilled and all are located in the western edge of Quinnimont District. Inquiries failed to reveal them while the field work for this Report was being prosecuted during 1916, but their location and the data given below are on the authority of C. E. Krebs, formerly of the Survey Staff, from which it will be observed that these start low down in the Mauch Chunk below the Princeton Conglomerate (Maxton? Sand) and probably only the Thayer well penetrated to the Big Lime.
The McKendree Well— No. 17A on Map II— located in the west edge of Quinnimont District on the east side of New River at McKendree and completed more than 30 years ago by Capt. Thos. Allen, starts about 1400 feet below the Sewell Coal horizon and about 600 feet below the top of the Mauch Chunk Series. This is the well to which Krebs referred op page 373 of the Raleigh County Report for the State Survey. Its depth was not learned, but judging from the time it was drilled and the depth penetrated in the well next below, it is doubtful if the Big Lime was reached. Starting below the horizon of the Maxton Sand, it, of course, did not penetrate the only oil and gas zone thus far developed in the Stale for the Mauch Chunk Series.
The McCreery Well— No. 17 on Map II— located in the west edge of Quinnimont District on the northeast bank of New River opposite' McCreery, was drilled by Capt. Thos. Allen more than 30 years ago to a depth of 1600 feet, according to data published by Krebs on pages 373-4 of the Raleigh County Report last mentioned. It starts 1100 to 1150 feet below the horizon of the Sewell Coal and about 350 feet below the top of the Mauch Chunk Series or near the horizon of the Princeton Conglomerate (Maxton?). As it is reported to have found only "red rock and thin shells/' the boring evidently did not penetrate to the Big Lime. The result is in harmony with the General Section of the Mauch Chunk Series published in Chapter IV, page 113. The well of course did not test any of the known oil and gas sands of the State.
Three to four miles southward from the territory of this Report, a very important test well was drilled for oil and gas in Summers County, the detailed log of which, as given next
West Virginia Geological Survey. 357
below, being taken from pages 377-8 of the Raleigh County Report for the State Survey. The well was abandoned as a dry hole, shows of gas only being found at depths of 2100, 2365, 2760, and 2825 feet. It was not visited by the author, but judging from the elevation of the horizon of the Sewell Coal, 5j4 miles northeastward in the extreme eastern point of Quinnimont District, as exhibited by the structure contours on Map II, it probably starts about 2200 feet below this bed and about 1300 feet below the top of the Mauch Chunk Series. As the base of the latter belongs at a depth of 905 feet in the boring, this gives a thickness of over 2200 feet for the series. The top of the Big Injun Sand has an elevation of only 75 feet below sea-level, or a rise southeastward of 1098 feet from Well No. 11 on Map II at Montgomery in an air-line distance of 38.5 miles, or at the rate of 28.5 feet to the mile. The horizon of the Sewell Coal has risen southeastward about 3850 feet between the same points, or at the rate of 100 feet to the mile, thus revealing the enormous expansion of the intervening measures. The log of the well follows:
Gwinn No. 1 WcU Record— No. 17B on Map II.
In Green Sulphur District, Summers County, on Lick Creek, 0.3 mile south of Qreen Sulphur Springs; completed, April 16, 1914; authority, Green Sulphur Oil & Qas Co. ; elevation, 156(K B.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Gravel 20 20
Red rock 215 235
Slate, white 15 250
Lime, white 10 260
Slate, white 20 280
Red rock 20 300
Slate 30 330
Red rock 20 350
Slate, white 15 365
Red rock 25 390
Lime, black p 20 410
Red rock 30 440
Slate, white 20 460
Red rock 40 500
Lime, black 10 510
Red rock 45 555
Slate, black 15 570
Sand 50 620
Slate, white 100 720
Lliflfe, black 15 735
Thickness. Total.
Feet Feet.
Slate, white 3 738
Lime, black 17 765
Slate, white 10 765
Lrittle Lime, black 65 830
Pencil Cave 75 905
Big Lime 695 1600
Slate, white 25 1625
Big Injun Sand 75 1700
Slate and shells 325 2025
Sand, gray, Squaw 7 15 2040
Shells, hard lime (gas show at 2100') 60 2100
Slate 15 2115
Shells, hard lime 85 2200
Sand, white, Berea 25 2225
Shells, flinty 65 2290
Slate, black 50 2340
Lime and flint 175 3000
In the above well the sands of the Pocono Series at the base of the Mississippian are well represented, but those of the Catskill division of the Devonian are absent entirely.
PROSPECTIVE OIL AND GAS AREAS IN NUTTALL, SEWELL MOUNTAIN AND QUINNIMONT DISTRICTS.
The area covered by these three Districts presents o. much warped structure, as exhibited by the Sewell Coal contours on Map II. The latter shows the region traversed by three comparatively low anticlinal folds ; viz, Mann Mountain, Ravenseye, and Boggs Knob, along with the associated synclines — Clifftop, Lawton, and Springdale, features in the northwestern half of the State that would have been ideal for the segregation of oil and gas into commercial pools. The entire area, however, lies in a region carrying low volatile coal beds or those having more than 65 per cent, of Fixed Carbon. Hence, for reasons given on Si preceding page under the discussion of Falls District, it is hardly probable that oil will be found in commercial quantities, although natural gas may occur on the most favorable structures. The well-trapped dome in the Mann Mountain Anticline, immediately northwest of Gentry is an ideal structure for the segregation of a nch oil and gas pool, were the conditions that are associated
West Virginia Geological Survey. 359
with the oil and gas fields of the States of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming prevailing, in that the main oil and gas sands in the latter States are usually saturated with water under a hydraulic head. In the Appalachian Basin, however, this is seldom true, and such structural forms would be expected to carry a rich gas pool, especially in the main oil and gas producing belt of the State, the exceptions being the oil pools along the crest of the Burning Springs and Sistersville Anti-clines. A test well starting on the crest of this Mann Mountain dome inside of the 3000-foot contour of the Sewell Coal at about the horizon of the latter bed, should encounter the Princeton Conglomerate (Maxton? Sand) at a depth of about 1150 feet, while the Big Injun Sand would probably be found at least 2500 feet deeper. It will readily be seen that drilling on such favorable structures for gas as this dome and the Ravenseye and the Boggs Knob Anticlines is quite an expensive proposition to penetrate down to the usually best productive zones in southern West Virginia at the base of the Mississippian ; viz, Big Injun, Weir, and Berea Sands. The chances are that gas might be found in pa3ring quantities but the financial risk involved is so g^eat, when all the factors are carefully considered, that the author hesitates to recommend the drilling of test wells even on the favorable structure mentioned.
Recent Oil And Gas Development In Kanawha County.
The Cabin Creek Oil Pool.
Since the completion by C. E. Krebs, in August, 1913, of the Detailed Geologic Report of Kanawha County for the State Survey, one of the richest single producing oil pools yet opened in the entire Appalachian field was discovered in the Berea Sand during December, 1914, on the waters of Cabin Creek, Kanawha County, by the Columbus Producing Company (now The Ohio Cities Gas Company) on a tract of 12,000 acres owned by the Williams Coal Company. The initial well — No. 52 on Map II — located on the west bank of Longbottom Creek, just below the mouth of Laurel Fork, produced 200 barrels daily at first and was still making about 6 barrels daily
360 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
on April 1, 1917. As shown by the blue contour lines on the Kanawha County region of Map II, the author has shown the lay of the main oil zone, the structure contours being based on the elevation below sea-level of the top of the Berea Sand. These contours reveal a marked discrepancy in the direction of the dip and the location of the axis of the Handley Syncline from that exhibited on the Geologic Map accompanying the Detailed Geologic Report for Kanawha County above mentioned, the contours on which were based on the Kanawha Black Flint cropping high in the hills in the region in question. These features are largely due to the very rapid southeast expansion of the intervening Pottsville and Mauch Chunk Series. Since the completion of the Williams Coal No. 1 Well — No. 52 on Map II, the development of the Cabin Creek oil pool has progressed very Vapidly. In March, 1917, a total of 75 producing oil wells had been completed with a total production of about 3,000 barrels daily. Well No. 50 on Map JI, completed January 5, 1916, with an initial production of 300 barrels daily, had produced a total of over 62,000 barrels by the end of March, 1917, and was still making over 40 barrels daily.
The sand is fairly close-grained, causing the wells to give up their production slowly, thus assuring a long life for the field. The pool has already been developed for a distance of 5 miles southeastward from Sharon, with a width of slightly over one-half mile, and as exhibited on Map II, closely following between the 1615-and the 1700-foot contours below sea-level of the top of the Berea Sand. The 1640-to 16S0-foot levels are apparently in the richest portion of the belt. The Berea Sand in the developed portion of the pool ranges in thickness from 30 to 45 feet, the upper portion being hard down to the oil pay at 15 to 20 feet in the sand. The latter thins away rapidly southeastward from the pool as the axis of the Handley Syncline is approached, the softer basal half or "pay sand" being the first to disappear until only a "shell" remains of the original sand at its proper horizon directly below 15 to 25 feet of brown shale and 640 to 670 feet below the top of the Big Lime. The two following well records from this pool are of special interest. The first represents the initial
West Virginia Geological Survey. 36 1
well that opened the pool ; and the second from the fact that it starts high on the summit of a mountain ridge about 30 feet below the base of the great pebbly, grayish-white and coarse Upper East Lynn Sandstone ledge of the Allegheny Series, thus giving a very complete detailed section of the underlying Pottsville :
Williams Coal Company No. 1 — No. 52 on Map II.
Cabin Creek District, Kanawha County; 0.1 mile below the mouth of Laurel Fork of Longbottom Creek; drilled by The Ohio Cities Gas Company, authority for record; completed, December 18, 1914; elevation, 862' L.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Unrecorded 110 110
Coal 5 115
Unrecorded 650 765
Coal 4 769
Unrecorded ' 81 850
Salt Sand, (hole full of water at 1050') 379 1229
Unrecorded 466 1695
Sand, Maxton 15 1710
Slate 20 1730
Cave, black 5 1735
LTltle Lime 45 1780
Break 3 1783
Uttle Lime 25 1808
Pencil Cave 7 1815
Lime, black ,.... 30 1845
Lime, white, Big 160 2005
Sand, pink 5 2010
Lime, white 35 2045
Sand, Keener 10 2055
Big Injun Sand 35 2090
Slate and lime 115 2205
Shells, hard 10 2215
Slate 185 2400
Lime, hard, black 35 2435
Slate, brown 27 2462
Slate, black 20 2482
Sand, Berea 38 2520
"Gas at 2199'; first show of oil at 2508'; shot February 9, 1915. 30 quarts, top of shot 2499'. bottom 2519'. Initial oil production 200 barrels daily and making 5 to 6 barrels daily on March 1. 1917."
362 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Williams Coal Company No. 13 — ^No. 48 on Map II.
Cabin Creek District, Kanawha County, on east hillside of Liongbottom Creek near top of ridge 1.2 miles southwest of mouth of Left Fork; drilled by The Ohio Cities Gas Company, authority for log; completed, March, 1916; elevation 1513' L.
Thickness. Total.
Sand, gray, East Lynn 40 40
Kanawha Group, Pottsville Series (1286')
Sand 10 130
Coal, Stockton 3 133
Sand, Upper Coalburg * . . . 97 230
Coal, Coalburg 4 234
Sand, Lower Coalburg and Upper Winifrede
Coal, Winifrede 4 354
Slate 36 390
Sand, Upper Chilton 60 450
Coal, Chilton 3 453
Slate 37 490
Lime 20 510
Sandstone 35 545
Sand 60 660
Slate 10 670
Sand 30 700
Slate 90 790
Sandstone 20 810
Coal, No. 2 Gas 5 815
Slate 5 820
Sand, Brownstown 25 845
Slate 15 860
Coal, Powcllton 3 863
Slate 27 890
Sand 45 935
Slate 35 970
Lime 25 995
Slate, Eagle? 20 1015
Sand 25 1040
Slato 10 1050
Lime 15 1065
Slate 65 1130
Lime 15 1146
Sand 65 1210
Slate, black 65 1276
Lime, gray 50 1325
New River and Pocahontas Groups, Pottsville Series (655')
Sand, black. Upper Nuttall 75 1400
Sand, yellow, "Grampus" (Lower Nuttall) . . 90 1490
Slate, black 65 1545
Salt Sand (hole full of water at 1670') 335 1880
West Virginia Geological Survey. 363
Thickness Total. Feet Peel.
Slate 10 1890
Lime 26 1915
Cave 10 1925
Lime 15 1940
Slate 5 1945
Ume 65 2010
Red rock cave 50 2060
Sand • 30 2090
Slate 50 2140
Sand 15 2155
Slate 56 2210
Sand, close 20 2230
Lime 36 2265
Red rock 15 2280
Ume 40 2320
Slate 10 2330
Red rock 15 2345
Slate 20 2390
Lime 50 2440
Slate 5 2445
Lime 10 2456
Pencil Cave 12 2467
Little Lime 23 2490
Slate, black 20 2510
Big Lime 210 2720
Sand, Big Injun 16 2736
Red rock 34 2770
Slate and shells 50 2820
Lime 25 2845
Slate, black 5 2850
Slate, black 50 2900
Lime, black 210 3110
Slate, black 25 3135
Shale, brown 25 3160
Catskili Series, Upper Devonian (6')
Slate, to bottom 6 3196
"100 barrels daily at first from Berea Sand and still making 20 barrels daily on March 31, 1917>"
This Cabin Creek oil pool corroborates in a marked manner the theory of gravity separation of petroleum and natural gas into commercial pools through the influence of geologic structure as first advanced and applied by White' in the successful location of oil and gas pools in western Pennsylvania
■I. C. White, '-Science," June 26. 1885; and W. Va. Geological Survey, Vol. I, pp. 159-187; 1899; and Vol. 1(a), p. 48; 1904.
364 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
and northern West Virginia. Throughout this region the Berea Sand is non-water-bearing, thus permitting the oil by the mere force of gravity to seek the lowest structural level down near the axis of the Handley Syncline that the lenticular nature of the Berea, as described above, will permit, while the natural gas in the same sand occurs at a higher structural level immediately northwest of the oil pool at about the 1615-foot contour of the Berea Sand and higher levels.
It appears very probable, after a careful study of the structure contours and the present stage of the development both as regards the oil and gas, that the extension of this oil pool northeastward from Paint Branch of Cabin Creek may swerve more to the eastward along the northwest slope of the Handley Syncline and follow closely along the 1650-foot contour of the Berea Sand via Wacomah on Paint Creek and possibly reaching onto the waters of Upper Creek in the vicinity of Wells Nos. 29 and 30 on Map II. The latter two wells are gassers from the Weir Sand, as shown in the Table of Wells published on a preceding page of this Chapter, and have not yet been drilled down to the Berea. The recent completion of the B. H. Early No. 1 Well— No. 31 on Map II— located on the east bank of Morris Creek in the west edge of the town of Montgomery — through the Berea in which the latter sand was represented only by thin "shells", as also at Well No. 12 on Map II, 0.8 mile farther east, and the Berea gas found at the higher structural levels in wells Nos. 21, 22, and 32 on Map II, leads the author to believe that it is hardly probable that this Cabin Creek Berea oil pool will cross the JCanawha River.
The detailed logs of six wells that have been drilled in Kanawha County northeastward from the Cabin Creek oil pool in an effort to find its extension in this direction will now be given :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 365
Kanawha District, Kanawha County, on east bank of Shadriok Fork of Hughes Creek, 8.2 miles northeast of Hugheston; authority, Geo. E. MlUer; drilled by Wayland Oil ft Oas ComiMiny; completed, November 19, 1915; elevation 854' U
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet
Surface 18 18
Sand, dark 18 31
Shell, hard 11 42
Break 21 63
Sand, crevice 62 125
Slate 85 210
Sand 26 236
Slate, dark, and gravel cave 25 261
Shale, dark, and grit (water in grit at 320') 58 328
Sand 18 346
Flint ledge 3 418
Ldme, hard 27 445
Shale and hard shells 44 489
Lime 25 514
Shale and shells 28 542
Sand 23 565
Shells and shale 26 591
Sand, very hard, Upper and Lower Nuttall,
Harvey, and Guyandot 444 1035
Slate and hard lime shells 50 1085
Sand, Second Salt, Upper Raleigh (water at
Slate, black 10 1188
Sand, hard, white, Lower Raleigh 143 1331
Red rock and shells 224 1565
Slate, light, and shells 83 1638
Sand, Maxton 23 1673
Pencil Cave 68 1741
Big Lime 180 1921
Sand, Weir, (light gas at 2003') 46 2046
Slate and shells 54 2100
Sand, hard» Squaw 10 2110
Slate, black, and shells 150 2260
Shells, lime 45 2305
Slate 40 2345
Slate and shells 47 2427
Sand, Berea (smell of oil, 2431'-2438') 33 2460
Slate and shells to bottom 162 2622
Abandoned as dry hole.
Casing record: 10". 289'; 8%", 1300'; and 6%", 1746', all pulled out.
The above well starts about 320 feet below the Kanawha Black Flint.
366 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
»
Kanawha District, Kanawha County, on head of Hughes Creek,
1.9 miles above mouth of Shadrick Fork; authority, Qeo. B. Miller; drilled by Way land Oil &, Gas Company; completed, October 7, 1916; elevation. 1115' B.
Thickness. Total.
Feet Feet.
Surface 10 10
Quicksand and gravel 26 36
Sand, hard 10 46
Gravel 6 50
Sand, hard, white, Upper Win if rede (hole
Coal, Winifrede 3 138
Sand, hard, white, Lower Winifrede 47 185
Slate and ehells 160 346
Sand, hard, white , 92 437
Slate. bUck 48 485
Coal, No. 2 Gas 6 490
Slate, black 10 500
Sand, dark, hard 15 515
Slate, black 25 540
Lime, gritty 36 575
Sand, white, hard 45 620
Slate and lime shells 95 715
Sand, dark, hard. 86 800
Lime, hard, gritty 75 875
Sand, First Salt, Dotson. and Upper and Lower Nuttall, (bad hole at 1075' and
Coal, "Hughes Ferry", larger 4 1146
Lime 9 1155
Sand, Second Salt. Harvey, Guyandot and
Raleigh (water at 1310-1315') 197 1352
Slate, black and lime shells 56 1407
Slate, white and lime shells 93 1550
Limy red rock 36 1585
Sand, white, hard 73 1658
Red rock and lime shells 109 1767
Sand, hard, white 24 1791
Lime 10 1801
Slate, light, and shells 35 1836
Red rock, hard 4 1840
Lime, very hard 14 1854
Slate, soft, black 4 1858
Lime, light, hard 12 1870
Little Lime, hard and dark 36 1987
First pencil 3 1990
Lime 24 2014
Pencil Cave 7 2021
Big Lime (gas at 2166'-2160') 202 2223
West Virginia Geological Survey. 367
Thickness Total.
tand, red. Big Injun 60 2283
Sand, Welp 108 2391
Slate and shells 289 2680
Shale, brown 25 2706
Shells, Berea Sand horizon 20 2725
Slate, white, and shells to bottom 275 3000
Well shut m in casing.
'•Casing record: 10^ 419' (pulled); 8%", 1304' (pulled); 6%" 2021' (still in hole) ; well showed 4 to 5 million cubic feet of gas daily at first but soon died down to 430,000'. Gras is shut in."
The above well starts about 100 feet below the Kanawha Black Flint.
A. D. Huntington No. 5— No. 21 on Map II.
Kanawha District, Kanawha County, on north side of Kanawha River, on Slater Branch, 0.2 mile from mouth and 1 mile west of Montgomery; authority, Geo. E. Miller; drilled by Wayland Oil & Gas Company; completed, October 25, 1917; elevation, 669' L.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Surface 93 93
Unrecorded 287 386
Sand 70 455
Unrecorded 50 505
Coal, ''Hughes Ferry", larger 5 625
Slate and lime 31 656
Sand, Second Salt, Harvey, Guyandot and
Raleigh, (2 bailers of water per hour) . . . 267 923
Slate 41 964
Red rock 106 1177
Lime 29 1206
Red rock 101 1307
Lime and sand 40 1347
Slate 88 1435
Red rock 25 1460
Sand shells 13 1473
Slate 94 1616
Big Lime, (gas show at 1682') 196 1812
Sand, Big Injun, red 63 1875
Slate, black, and shells 41 1916
Sand, Weir, (gas at 1937'-1947') 49 1965
Slate and shells 305 2270
Shells, hard 6 2276
Shale, brown 14 2290
Sand, Berea, (gas at 2316'-2325') 40 2330
Slate, to bottom 11 2341
368 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
"Gas In Berea, 2316' to 2325'; Weir gas 22-10 water, 2" opening; decreased to S-10 water as reached Berea. Berea gas 22-10 water when completed; after shot 20-10 mercury or 786 J20' cubic feet per day.
"Casing record: liT, 507'; 8%". 355'; 6%", 132«', Packer 2''x6%" set at 575' from bottom; to complete the string of 6%*^, a 6%''x8^" wedge nipple was used and the 8^" and 6%", shown In the record, were used together as one string. Reduced title from 10" to 8%" at 1087'; no 8%" used in 10" hole."
The above well starts 24 feet below an opening in the No. 2 Gas Coal bed.
A. D. Huntington No. 2 — No. 22 on Map II.
Kanawha District, Kanawha County, on north side of Kanawha River, 0.5 mile below mouth of Slater Fork; authority, George B. Miller; drilled by Wayland Oil ft Oas Company; completed, January 12, 1916; elevation, 704' L.
Thickness. Total.
Feet Feet.
Surface 18 18
Coal, Powellton 4 64
Sand, gray. Eagle 76 140
Co«l, Eagle 3 148
Sand, white 15 158
snale, black 3 161
Slate and shales 69 250
Sand, white 55 306
Slate and shells 81 386
Flint 5 391
Slate and shells 66 457
Sand, white 90 647
Slate and shells 15 562
Sand, white, hard 148 710
Slate, black 12 722
Slate and shells 50 1045
Sand, Second Salt 85 1130
Slate, black 18 1148
Sand, white 54 1202
Red rock 143 1345
Sand, white 61 1406
Red rock 20 1426
Slate and lime shells 89 1515
Sand, Maxton 65 1580
Lime 35 1615
Pencil Cave 8 1623
Little Lime 19 1642
Pencil Cave 7 1649
Big Lime 148 1792
Sand, Keener, (gas at 1800'-1812'; 2040
West Virginia Geological Survey. 369
Thickness Total.
Feet Feet.
Sand, Big Injun, red 85 1900
Slate, black 38 1938
Sand, Weir, (gas at 1970'.1975') 60 1998
Slale and shells 312 2310
Shale, brown 19 2329
Sand, Berea (gas, 6-10 water, 2" pipe, at
Shell, hard 3 2345
Slate, hard, and shells, to bottom 19 2364
"Big Injun gas, 260,000' daily; Berea gas 11:5,000' daily. "Casing record, 16' wooden conductor left in hole; 10", 344', left in hole; 8%", 800", left in hole; 6%", 1649', left in hole."
A. D. Huntington No. 4 — No. 23 on Map II.
Cabin Creek District, Kanawha County, on north side of Kanawha
River, 0.2 mile below London ; authority, Geo. E. Miller, drilled by Wayland Oil & Qas Company; completed, May 11, 1917; elevation, 654' L.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet. Quicksand, (hole full of water at 30'; wet
until 8%" casing was put in) 58 58
Sand 50 108
Unrecorded 6 114
Lime or close sand 30 144
Unrecorded 10 154
Sand 45 199
Unrecorded 15 214
Sand, white 36 250
Unrecorded 10 ' 260
Sand, white 45 305
Unrecorded 6 311
Lime 22 333
Unrecorded 15 348
Sand, white. Upper and Lower Nuttail,
Harvey and Guyandot 484 832
Break of siate, some coal, Seweli ? 12 844
Sand, Upper and Lower Raleigh 220 1064
Red rock and shells 98 1162
Red rock and shells 143 1365
Maxton 7 55 1420
Lime with grit 55 1475
Unrecorded 12 1487
Lime, black or crystallized 23 1510
Big Injun Sand 50 1750
Unrecorded 48 1798
Unrecorded 312 2164
Shale, brown 12 2176
Sand, Berea, very hard and glassy 42 2218
Unrecorded to bottom 47 2265
370 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
"Big Lime gas pocket exhausted quickly and well abondoned as dry hole.
"Casing record: 13", 32', left In well; 10", 413', pulled; 8%". 1000 . 80' left in well; 6%", 1568', 3*68' left in well."
B. H. Early No. 1 Well Record— No. 31 on Map II.
In Kanawha County on east bank of Morris Creek, west edge of Montgomery, 200' south of main line of C. & O. Railroad; drilled by Ira G. Sayres, who with George E. Miller is authority for log; elevation, 622' L.; started rigging up January 4, 1918; started spudding January 8, 1918, and completed March. 11, 1918.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Slate 20 65
Lime 75 140
Sand 30 170
Slate 47 217
Lime 4 221
Coal, Gilbert 3 224
Coal, Lower Douglas 3 373
Slate 27 400
Gritty lime 30 430
Black slate 5 435
Sand, Lower Nuttall 93 528
Slate 37 565
Salt Sand, Harvey and Guyandot 175 740
Slate 4 744
Sand 48 792
Coal, Seweir? 3 795
Sand, Upper Raleigh 75 870
Slate and shells 50 920
Coal, Little Raleigh 6 926
Slate and shells 31 957
Sand, Pineville 43 1000
Slate 7 1007
Lime 11 1018
Red rock 5 1023
Lime 32 1055
Slate 10 1065
Red rock 85 1150
Lime 35 1185
Red rock 40 1225
Gritty lime 33 1258
Red rock and shells 112 1370
Slate and shells 40 1410
Red rock and shells 23 1433
Maxton Sand (water to' drill at 1460') 37 1470
Slate 20 1490
Uttle Ume 36 1526
White slate 7 1533
Gray lime 7 1540
Pencil Cave 17 1557
West Virginia Geological Survey. 37I
Thickness Total.
Feet. Feet
Big Lime (gas at 1657% blew out) 158 1715
Keener Sand 60 1776
Big Injun Sand 65 1840
Slate, shells, and lime 42 1882
Weir Sand (gas pay at 1898'-1903') 38 1920
Slate and shells 310 2230
Brown shale 25 2255
Berea, shells 45 2300
Slate, to bottom 10 2310
"Tubed March 17, 2" tubing; anchor packer used 433'; anchor packer set at 1877'; perforation from 1897' to 1919'.
"CJasing record: Wood conductor 15^^'; 12V^" casing, 20' 6"; 10" casing, 234'; 8" casing, pulled, 1108'; 6%", casing, 1577'."
The above well starts 130 feet below the No. 2 Gas Coal and produces about J4 million feet of gas daily from the Weir Sand.
The two following records are from wells on Upper Creek, Kanawha County, both of which are gassers from the Weir Sand, never having been drilled down into the Berea :
Keystone Coal Company No. 1 — No. 29 on Map II.
Cabin Creek District, Kanawha County; on east side of Upper
Creek, 1.1 miles from mouth; drilled by United Fuel Gas Company,
authority for record; completed about 1916; elevation, 950' L.
'Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Slate and shells 100 100
Sand 40 140
Slate and shells 45 185
Slate, black 15 200
Slate and lime 155 355
SSiale and shells Ill 470
Slate 15 550
Sand 30 580
Slate 10 590
Sand 60 640
Slate 20 660
Lime 20 680
Slate 20 700
and 1 bailer water at 710') 90 790
Slate, black 10 800
Sand, Lower Nuttall 80 880
Slate, black 10 890
Sand, Harvey, Guyandot and Raleigh 335 1225
Slate and shells 110 1335
372 Petroleum And Natural Gas.
Thickness TotaL
Feet, Feet
Sand (4 bailers of salt water at 1350') 25 1360
Lime, black 30 1390
Slate, black 20 1410
Red rock 65 1475
Slate 35 1510
Red rock 65 1575
Slate 20 1595
Sand, Maxton 80 1675
Red rock 20 1695
Slate and shells 40 1735
Red rock 30 1765
Slate 105 1870
Lime 5 1875
Pencil Cave 20 1895
Big Lime 235 2130
Sand, Big Injun 45 2175
Slate 45 2220
Sand, W«ir, (gas at 2230'-2240' and 2253'-
Slate to bottom 28 2301
Initial gas volume, 2,974,000 cubic feet daily from Weir Sand. John Q. Dickinson No. 1 — No. 30 on Map II.
Cabin Creek District, Kanawha County; on west side of Upper Creek, 1.2 miles from mouth; drilled by South Penn Oil Company, authority for record; completed, June, 1917; elevation, 937' L.
Thickness. Total.
Feet. Feet.
Unrecorded 1933 1933
Big Lime 180 2113
Big Injun 48 2161
Slate and shale 50 2211
Sand, Weir, (gas at 2218'-2236' and 2236'- 2246'; gauged 7-10 water in 6%" or 1,301,-
The two foregoing wells — Nos. 29 and 30 on Map II — are located at a lower structural level than the Berea Sand gassers — Nos. 21, 22, and 32 on Map II — or at practically the same structural level as the richest portion of the Cabin Creek oil pool. The completion of either of these down into the Berea offers a favorable chance for oil in the latter sand.
The A. D. Huntington No. 6 Well— No. 24 on Map II— located in Kanawha County on the north side of the Kanawha & Michigan Railroad, opposite Handley, 3000 feet northwest of well No. 22 on Map II, is a location made in March, 1918, by the Wayland Oil & Gas Company.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 373
Oil And Gas Prospects In Fayetteville District.
No test wells for oil or gas had been drilled in Fayetteville District and it is problematical whether or not oil and gas will ever be found in it in paying quantities. The log of the Rowland Land Company No. 1 Well — No. 18 on Map II — the details of which are published on pages 354-5, should give a fair idea of the intervals below the No. 2 Gas and Sewell Coal beds that the usual oil and gas zones of the West Virginia fields should lie. Practically the entire area of the District lies in that portion of the County carrying coal beds with a high fixed carbon content — 65 to 75 per cent. — a feature, as mentioned heretofore, that is by no means a favorable indication that oil is present in paying quantities. However, there are two marked interruptions of the general northwest dip of the surface strata. The first of these is shown by the wide divergence of the 1300-and 1400-foot Sewell Coal contours south westward from Parral (Summer-lee) to Plumorchard Creek, indicating that there must exist a' marked structural terrace for the underlying oil sands. From a purely structural standpoint, this attitude of the locks is ideal in the northwestern portion of the State for the accumulation of a rich oil pool. The top of the Big Lime (Greenbrier Limestone) probably belongs here 1200 to 13(X) feet below the Sewell Coal.
The other marked interruption of dip, mentioned above, is along the southeast border of the District, southwestward from Alaska along the west side of New River to the Raleigh County Line. Wells Nos. 17 and 17A on Map II, described on page 356, are located on this structural form along the east bank of New River in Quinnimont District, and the remarks in connection with these wells and other unfavorable conditions in the latter area, apply with equal force for that portion of this structural interruption lying within Fayetteville District.
Away from the two structural forms last mentioned, any attempts to find either oil or gas in paying quantities in the District in question would be accompanied by still greater hazard.
Chapter Xl
Coal And Coke.
A brief description has already been given in Chapters V to VIII, inclusive, of all the coal beds, minable and unminable, that were observed in Fayette County. In this Chapter there will be given the statistics of coal production ; the detailed logs of a number of coal test borings; and numerous special sec-lions of the minable coals, obtained at crop exposures, country banks, prospect openings and commercial mines along with etchings showing the approximate minable area of the several scams, as also tables showing their available tonnage. At the end of this Chapter there are four tables of analyses — Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 — the first two representing coal and coke results, respectively, determined in the laboratory of the W. Va. Geological Survey, and the third, compiled from published results of the U. S. Geological Survey and the U. S. Bureau of Mines, and the fourth, of coals analyzed for the Government during the fiscal years 1908-1915.
Statistics Of Coal Production.
Coal mining operations on a commercial basis have been prosecuted extensively in Fayette since the completion of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad in 1873, ranking this County next tc McDowell in total tonnage produced in the State. The following table, with the coal beds arranged in descending order, shows the relative importance of the seams when considered from the standpoint of the number of mining operations that have been opened on each in this County :
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Number of Mines by Coal Beds.
Name of Coal. Number
Kanawha Group, PottevlMe Series (90 Mines)
Coalburg 5
Chilton 1
Peerless and No. 2 Qas 45
Powellton 18
Eagle 24
Little Eagle 1
Douglas 1
New River Group, Pottsville Series (113 Mines)
Sewell 82
Fire Creek 31
Pocahontas Group, Pottsville Series (1 Mine)
No. 6 Pocahontas 1
Total for County ' 214
With the exception of less than 10 shaft mines to the Sewell bed, all the above openings are either by drift or slope, owing to the wide area of the several beds cropping above drainage.
The following tables on coal production are compiled from the Annual Report of Hon. Earl A. Henry, Chief of the Department of Mines, for the year ending June 30, 1916:
Coal Production of Fayette County from 1888 to June 30, 1916.
Year. Tons of 2240 lbs.
Year. Tons of 2240 lbs.
Total 152,177.919
Statistics are not available as to the amount mined previous to 1888, but probably not more than 20,000,000 long tons had been taken out. Probably 25,000,000 long tons will have, been mined for the two years ending June 30, 1918. Adding these results to the total in the above table gives a total in round numbers of 197,000,000 long tons or 220,000,000 short tons.
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West Virginia Geological Survey. 383
Production of Coke by Years, in Fayette County.
Total 8.805.659
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West Virginia Geological Survey. 385
The last column of the preceding table shows a total of 1340 coke ovens, all of the beehive type, that were not in use during the year ending June 30, 1916, or 56.3 per cent, of the total number reported for the County.
Minable Coal Beds In Fayette County.
In the territory of this Report there appear to be 20 separate and distinct minable coal beds, in addition to 27 others that are too thin, impure and irregular to warrant such classification. These are grouped as follows :
Number of Number of Total
Minable Beds. Unminable Beds. Number.
Allegheny Series 2 1 3
Kanawha Group, Pottsville. . . 14 11 26
New River Group, Pottsville.. 2 11 13
Pocahontas Group, Pottsville.. 2 4 6
Totals 20 27 47
These are exhibited by the two following figures in descending order, the minable beds being represented by the heavily shaded lines, and the approximate intervals, roughly ihe maximum, expressed in feet. Figure 3 shows those for the Allegheny Series and the Kanawha Group of the Pottsville; and Figure 4, the New River and Pocahontas Groups of the latter series, the figures being given on pages 386 and 387.
Records Of Coal Test Borings.
Summarized Records.
In Fayette County a total of 138 borings have been sunk mostly with diamond drill, to test the several coal beds. The detailed records or logs of a large number of these were secured for publication in detail or in part through the courtesy of individuals and the large land-holding companies, while for many others these were refused. The table below gives a complete list of all such borings observed within Fayette, in addition to 24 others in the immediately adjoining portions of Kanawha, Greenbrier, and Raleigh Counties. While it lacks
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many details which the complete logs would have afforded, yet the table gives much information of value. With the exception of Nos. Ill, 119, and 120, permission was given to publish only the depths to the coal beds — omitting the thick ness — ^and the total depths of the boring^ in all those listed for the New River and Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Company. Elevations, depths, and thicknesses are expressed in feet. The first and last columns give the serial number designating the boring on Map II, this number always being giver when the well is mentioned in the text of this Report. Practically all of them were visited in the field and the geologic horizon of their well-mouths determined as near as possible. Under the elevation column, the letter "B" indicates barometric measurements, checked on the nearest U. S. Geological Survey elevations marked on base maps or topographic sheets , and the letter "L", a spirit-level determination. Under the column headed "Company or Individual", the following abbreviations are used:
Abbreviations. Full Names.
Babcock C. ft C. • Babcock Coal & Coke Company.
Beury Bros. . _ . - Beury Bros. Coal & Coke Compeny.
Brackens Creek - Brackens Creek Coal & Land Company
Columbus I. & S. - - Columbus Iron & Steel Company.
Payetteville L. Co. - - - Fayetteville Land Company.
Gallego L. Co - - - - Gallego Land Company.
Gauley Mountain - - Gauley Mountain Coal Company.
Hawkins L. Co. - - - Hawkins Land Company.
Keefer C. L. Co. - - - Keefer Coal Land Company.
K<»oneys Creek ... - Keeneys Creek Colliery Company.
Loup Creek Loup Creek Colliery Company.
Low Moor Low Moor Iron Company.
McKinley L. Co. • - - • McKlnley Land Company
N. R. and Poca - - - - New River & Pocahontas Consolidated
Coal Company.
New Rlv. Col. New River Collieries Compsiny.
Plum Orchard Plum orchard Coal & Land Company.
Rocklick C. Co. • - - - Rocklick Coal Company.
Star C. & C. ... - Star Coal & Coke Company
Stuart Col. Co. - - - - Stuart Colliery Company.
Thayer C. & C. - - Thayer Coal & Coke Company.
t listed
i
Kana-
1 to 9,
led for
boring
ill now
It'O"
I
many de^ yet the 1: exception publish o: iiess — ^anc for the N pany. E feet. Th4 nating th-when the tically al horizon c Under tl: metric m Survey e! and the column k viations
Abbre\Al Babcock Beury B Brackens Columbus Payettevl GaUego I* Gauley ^ Hawkins Keefer G Kooneys Loup Ore Low McM McKinley N. R. and
New Rlv. Plum Or Rockllck Star C. Stuart C Thayer C
J
X
West Virginia Geological Survey. 389
Detailed Boring Records, Falls District.
In the accompanying table, 8 coal test borings are listed for Falls and 1 in the immediately adjoining portion of Kanawha County, all of which are shown on Map II by Nos. 1 to 9, inclusive. The only information that could be obtained for Nos. 8 and 9 on Map II is that given in the table of boring records. The detailed logs of Nos. 1 to 7 on Map II will now be given.
John Q. Dickinson Coal Test Boring No. 2 (No. 1 on Map II).
In Cabin Creek District, on north bank of Bells Creek 0.3 mile northwest of common corner of Clay, Nicholas, Fayette, and Kanawha Counties; authority, C. E. Krebs; elevation, 860' B.
Thickness. Total.
Pt In. Ft. In.
Surface 22 3 22 3
Shale 4 0 26 3
Sandstone 9 0 35 3
Shale, sandy 10 4 46 7
Pire clay 0 8 46 3
Coal and bone 0'3"
Shale 0 3 . Little Chilton 10 47 3 47' 3"
Coal and bone 0 6
Fire clay 0 6 47 9
Shale, sandy 1 7 49 4
Sandstone 26 10 76 2
Shale, sandy 6 0 81 2
Coal 0 9
Coal and bone 0 2 Hern8»wiw .31 84 3 37' 0"
Coal 0 7
Sandstone ... 0 1
Coal 0 11
Shale, sandy 3 0 87 3
Sandstone 4 1 91 4
Shale, green 0 3 91 7
Sandstone 14 0 105 7
Shale, sandy 1 9 107 4
Coal and bone 0 2 107 6
Shale with coal streaks 0 5 107 11
Fire clay 2 0 109 11
Shale, sandy 21 0 130 11
Sandstone 6 3 136 2
Shale, sandy 4 7 140 9
Bone and ooal . 0' 3" {
Coal 0 3 I Williamson 0 6 141 3 57' 0
Shale, sandy 24 4 166 7
Slate 1 3 166 10
Shale 0 3 167 1
Coal, Cedar Qrove "Rider'' 0 2 167 3
0
9
4
0
7
6
0
6
0
2
0
2
0
3
Thickness. Total. Pt In. Ft. In.
Fireclay 2
Shale» sandy 11
Sandstone 8
Shale, sandy 10
Sandstone, Peerless 57
Shale, sandy 16 10
Coal 1' 8" 1
Fire clay 0 8 V Peerless. 2 6 276 3 135' 0
Coal and bone.... 0 2 J
Shale, sandy 19 10
Fire clay 2
Shale, sandy 5
Sandstone, Brownstown 6
Shale, sandy 3
Coal and bone, Powellton "A" 1
Shale, sandy 14
Fire clay 0 8 Powellton 2 7 334 5 35' 0"
Coal 0 11
Fire clay 2 0 336 6 2'©"
The above boring, correcting tor dip, starts 300 feet below the outcrop of the Kanawha Black Flint ledge in the hill to :he north, as determined by Teets. The thin coal 8 inches below the main bench of the Peerless is characteristic of this bed eastward in Nicholas County. The Cedar Grove appears to be absent entirely.
Columbus Iron & Steel Company Coal Test Boring No. 3
In Falls District, on west bank of Lieft Fork of Big Creek, 2.4 miles west of Gamoca; authority, Columbus Iron ft Steel ComiMiny; completed, April 8. 1916; elevation, 1120' B.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft In.
Casing 16 0 16 0
Slate 1 0 17 0
Slate 1 5 No. 2 Gas 6 9 23 9 23^9''
Coal 2 10
Fire clay 10 24 9
Light whale 14 6
Coai, Lower Campbell Creek 1
Light shale 7
Coal, Powellton 2 6 50 5 26' 8'
Fire clay 1
Sandy shale 10
Light shale 12 0
Soft sandstone 30 0 104 0
6
39
3
3
40
6
6
48
0
6
50
5
7
52
0
0
62
0
0
74
0
West Virginia Geological Survey. 39I
ThicknesA. Total.
Ft In. Pt In.
Ught shale 21 0 126 0
Coal, Matewan 2 3 127 8
Light Bhale 6 0 138 8
Sandy shale 20 0 153 3
Light shale 9 0 162 3
Coal 2'0 "1
Coal 19 J
Soft sandstone, Decota, to bottom 2 6^ 168 6
C. C. Sharp Coal Test Boring No. 1 (No, 3 on Map II).
«
In Falls District, on east bank of Smithers Creek, 0.8 mile northeast of Martlng; authority, Columbus Iron & Steel Company; completed, March, 1916; elevation, 1080' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 14 0 14 0
Sandstone- 27 0 41 0
Shale, sandy 16 42 6'
Sandstone 22 0 64 6
Shale 9 6 74 0
Sandstone 36 6 110 6
Coal and shale 0 8 111 2
Shale 1 4 112 6
Shale, dark 12 6 125 0
Coal and slate 0 6 125 6
Shale 10 0 135 6
Slate 15 6 151 0
Coal, Peerlesa 14 152 4
. Slate 4 6 156 10
Coal, No. 2 Gas 2 6 159 4 159' 4"
Slate 9 0 168 4
Coal 0 8 169 0
Slate 0 2 169 2
Sandstone, slaty 8 6 177 8
Coal Oil 178 7
Sandstone, slaty 14 6 193 1
Coal and slate, Powellton 0 8 193 9
Fire clay 10 194 9
Slate 2 0 196 9
Sandstone, slaty 5 0 201 9
Sandstone 5 0 206 9
Slaty sandstone 48 3 265 0
Coal, Matewan 1 10 256 10
Sandstone, slaty 7 2 264 0
Sandstone 10 0 274 0
Sandstone, slaty 7 0 281 0
Shale, dark , 12 0 293 0
Coal 1'3'
Eagle .. 3 6 296 6
Parting 0 1
Coal 2 2
Sandstone 11 10 308 4
Columbus Iron & Steel Co. Coal Test Boring No. 1
In Falls District, on Rattlesnake Fork of Smlthers Creek, near forks of hollow, 0.4 mile east of Marting; authority, Columbus Iron & Steel Company ; completed, February 17, 1916 ; elevation, 1036' B.
Thickness. Total. FL In. Ft. In.
Casing 9 0 9 0
Soft sandstone 37 0 46 0
Black slate 2 0 48 0
Light shale 8 0 66 0
Sandy shale 6 0 62 0
Ught shale 14 0 76*0
Dark shale 15 0 91 0
Black slate 3 0 94 0
Coal, No. 2 Gas 6 7 99 7 99' 7"
Fire clay 16 101 0
Light shale 14 0 115 0
Dark shale 7 0 122 0
Slate 0 1
Coal 0 8
Slate 0 1%
Coal 0 3
Slate 0 4^ f-Poweltton 3 10 125 10 26' »'
Coal 0 8
Slate 0 0%
Coal 0 2%
Slate 0 5
Coal 0 11
Fire clay 2
Light shale 18
Soft sandstone 4
Light shale 36
Sandy shale 19
Coal, Matewan 1
Dark shale 1
Soft sandstone, Eagle 18
Sandy shale 13
Black slate 1
Coal no "1
Binder 0 0^ } Eagle .... 40 246 0 119' 2"
Coal 2 1% J
Soft sandstone, Decota, to bottom 6 5i^ 260 6H 6'6V^''
C. C. Sharp Coal Test Boring No. 1 (No. 5 on Map II).
In F^lls District, on west bank of Smlthers Creek at mouth of Rat tlesnake Hollow, at Marting; authority, Columbus Iron & Steel Company; elevation, 960' B.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 8 0 8 0
Shale 13 6 21 6
0
10
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
4
8
0
5
5
7
0
West Virginia Geological Survey.
2 Gas 4 4
Powellton
Thickness. Ft. In.
Coal, gas 0 9
Slate 0 1
Coal, gas 2
Sandstone, slaty 9
Slate 1
Coal. Lower Campbell Creek 0
Slate 2
Sandstone, Brownstown 14
Slate 10
Coal r 8
Slate 0 4
Coal 0 5
Bone and slate 0 6
Coal 0 11
Slate 0 11
Coal 1 0
Slate 0 2
Coal 1 0
Slate '. 0
Sandstone 29
Slate and shale 20 10
Coal, Matewan 1
Shale 5
Sandstone, Eagle 42
Sandstone, slaty 4
Slate 0
Coal 1'5"
Bone and slate. . 0 1
Coal 1 2
Coal 17
Slate 0 1
Coal 0 3
Unrecorded to bottonT 5 9
'Eagle
Total. Ft. In.
4
36
2
0
36
2
5
36
7
0
38
7
5
53
0
0
63
0
6
70
4
0
99
4
0
2
3
6
3
8
3
11
0
11
6
6
n
*f
W. R. Johnson Coal Test Boring No. 4 (No. 6 on Map II).
In Falls District, on east bank of Smlthers Creek near mouth of Fivemlle Fork and 1.5 miles almost dtoe north of Marting; by Columbus Iron & Steel Company, authority for record; completed, March 29, 1916; elevation, 1105' B.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Casing 16 0 16 0
Soft sandstone 12 0 28 0
Coal, Little Chilton 1 2 29 2
Light shale 16 0 45 2
Soft sandstone 10 0 55 2
Dark shale 7 0 62 2
Slaty coal, Hernahaw 1 6 63 8
Fire clay 18 65 4
Light shale 3 0 68 4
Soft sandstone 32 0 100 4
Ught shale 10 8 111 0
3Sk Coal And Coke.
Tlil<dme08. Total.
Ft In. Ft. In.
Sandy ahale 23 0 184 0
Ught shale 16 0 149 0
Dark shale 2 0 161 0
Coal, Williamaon 10 162 0
Fire clay 2 0 164 0
Soft sandstone, Upper Cedar Grove 94 0 248 0
Light shale 3 0 251 0
Soft sandstone, Peerleee 22 0 273 0
Black slate 3 0 276 0
Coal, Alma 11 277 1
Black slate 14 3 291 4
Coal rS"!
'Slate 0 1 IPeerlesa.. 2 0 293 4
Coal 0 3 J
Black slate 2 10 296 2
Sandy shale 3 6 299 8
Soft sandstone 4 4 304 0
Coal 0'9 '
Coal 0 8V&
Slate 1 1
Coal 3 0
Bone 0 2
Sandy shale 2 0 316 6
Soft sandstone, Lower Campbell
Creek 8 3 323 9
Light shale 2 6 326 2
Coal, Lower Campbell Creek 0 3 326 6
Light shale 5 0 331 6
Sandy shale 8 0 339 5
Soft sandstone 3 0 342 6
Coal r2'
Pire clay 0 6
Sandy shale. ... 6 8
Coal 0 1
Slate 1 1
Coal 0 5
Fire clay 1 10 353 2
Sandy shale 50 0 403 2
Dark shale 6 0 409 2
Coal, Matewan 1 10 411 0
Fire clay 2 0 413 0
Soft sandstone, Eagle 16 0 429 0
Sandy shale 12 6 441 6
Black slate 3 6 445 0
Coal, Eagle 3 4 448 4
Fireclay 10 449 4
Soft sandstone, Decota, to bottom 2 0 451 4
The above boring starts 70 feet below the crop of the Winifrede Coal bed.
Powellton 8 11 361 4
Powellton 2 6 42 6 42' 6
West Virginia Geological Survey. 395
Columbus Iron & Steel Company Coal Test Boring No. 2
In Falls DiBtrlot, on east bank of Fourmile BY>rk, 0.7 mile southeast of Martins; by Golmnbus Iron & Steel Company, authority for record; completed, February 28» 1916; elevation, 1026' B.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft In.
Casing 14 0 14 0
Light shale 6 0 20 0
Soft sandstone, Brownstown 20 0 40 0
Slate 0 1
Goal 0 6
Slate 0 6
Coal 1 0
Fireclay 2 0 44 5
Soft sandstone 24 0 68 6
Light shale. 14 0 82 5
Sandy shale 30 0 112 5
Dark shale 8 0 120 5
Soft sandstone, Eagle 89 7 160 0
Sandy shale 12 5 172 6
Light shale 13 173 8
Black slate 0 4 174 0
Coal, Eagle 4 7 178 7 136' 2"
Fire clay 10 179 7
Sandy shale, to bottom 4 0 183 7 6' 0"
The above boring starts flush with the crop of the No. 2 Gas Coal bed.
Detailed Boring Records, Kanawha District.
As shown in the table of borings on a preceding page, only 6 coal test borings were observed in Kanawha District and one — No. 12 on Map 11 — in the immediately adjoining portion of Kanawha County, all of which are exhibited on Map II by Nos. 10 to 15, inclusive. The detailed logs of these will now be given.
Ft.
In.
0
21
0
0
24
0
0
37
0
6
50
6
6
57
0
8
68
8
C. Reeder Heirs Coal Test Boring (No. 10 on Map II).
In Kanawha District, on southeast bank of Kanawha River, 0.2 mile south of Kanawha Falls and 0.15 mile below mouth of Falls Creek; authority for record, Philip Konrad; completed, 1904; elevation, 650^ L.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In.
Soil, clay, quicksand 21
Pebble conglomerate, very hard,
large boulders 3
Boulders '. 13
Sandstone, light and dark, in layers 13
Sandstone, hard 6
Sandstone, very hard 11
Sandstone, very hard, broken,
Guyandot, Sewell Coal horizon
near base 76 4 145 0 IWii"
Sandstone, hard,
turning to pebble
conglomerate ... 3' 9" Pebbles, hard,
quartz, conglom- T Upper
erate and sand- | Ralefffh 76 0 221 0
stone 51 11
Sandstone, quartz
pebbles and conglomerate 20 4 J
Conglomerate, sandy, hard, slate . . 5 9 226 9 Shale, hard, sandy, gray, sand rock
in wafers 9 1 235 10
Sandstone, hard 8 1 243 11
Sandstone and slate 12 1 256 0
Slate, dark, showing coal fossils,
Little Raleigh Coal 4 2 260 2 115' 2"
Slate, dark 4 7 264 9
Slate, black, fire clay at finish. . . 4 3 269 0
Fire clay and sandstone 13 3 282 3
Conglomerate,
quartz pebbles,
turning to sandstone 115' 3" [Lower
glomerate 7 6 |
Sandstone and con- j
glomerate 10 6 J
Conglomerate, quartz pebbles 5 6 421 0
Sandstone, broken with crevices.. 11 11 432 11
Sandstone and sandy shale 10 6 443 5
Shale, sandy, and sandstone, hard 22 6 465 11
Sandstone, soft 24 10 490 9
Shale, sandy, and slate, to bottom 19 1 509 10
The above boring starts 60 feet below the crop of the Hughes Ferry Coal and at a slightly greater interval below the base of the great Lower Nuttall Sandstone cliff, so that
West Virginia Geological Survey. 397
the 4' 2" of slaty coal at a depth of 256 feet can not possibly represent the Sewell bed, but rather the Little Raleigh seam. In this locality the Sewell Coal should belong not over 225 feet below the base of the Lower Nuttall Sandstone.
The C. Reeder Heirs Coal Test Boring— No. 11 on Map II — located on the east bank of Falls Creek, 250 to 300 yards southeast of Kanawha Falls railway station and drilled by Clark & Kreb? according to the latter, to a depth of only 135 feet, encountered no coal. It starts at an elevation of 672' L., 50 to 60 feet below the Hughes Ferry (larger) Coal at Exposure No. 99 on Map II, therefore it hardly penetrated to the horizon of the Sewell bed.
Keystone Coal Company Coal Test Boring (No. 12 on Map II).
In Cabin Creek District, Kanawha County, ^ mile up Possum Hollow of Morris Creek, 0.7 mile southwest of Montgomery, 0.6 mile due south of mouth of Morris Creek; authority for record, C. E. Krebs; elevation, 795' B.
Thickness. Total. Ft.
Surface 3
Slate, dark, with sandstone streaks 11
Coal ?' 0" ) Peerless ..26 169 16' 9"
Slate, dark 10 0 26 9
Coal and bone.. 3' 0"
Coal 1 0 }• No. 2 Gas 6 11 33 8 16' 11"
Shale and slate. 1 7
Coal 1 4 J
Fire clay 17 35 3
Bone and coal, Lower Campbell
Creek 0 6 35 9 2' 1"
Fireclay 2 6 38 3
Shale and sandstone, green 2 2 40 5
Sandstone 6' 8"!
Sandstone and I
shale 2 6 j-Brownstown 11 11 52 4
Sandstone and |
shale 2 10 I
Coal and bone, Powellton ''A".... 0 2 52 6 16' 9'
Fire clay 0
Sandstone and shale 11
Sandstone, slate 0
Coal 1'0"1
Fire clay 18 \ Powellton .44 69 3 16' 9'
Coal 13 I
Coal, bone 0 5 J
Slate, blue 0 5 69 8
Sandstone 0 2 69 10
Ft. In.
0
3
6
2
4
8
5
Tliiokiiesa. Total.
Ft In. Ft. In.
Slate, dark, sandy 2 9 72 7
Shale, sandy, and sandstone 64 2 126 9
Sandstone, dark 2 5 129 2
Shale and sandstone shale 4 7 133 9
Sandstone, shaly 8 6 142 3
Sandstone 3 2 145 6
Shale, sandstone and coal streaks.
Eagle "Rider" Coal 2 10 148 3 79' O''
Shale, dark 0 10 149 1
Fire clay 0 11 150 0
Sandstone, shaly 0 4 150 4
Bone 0 4 ] Eagle .... 29 153 1 4' 10''
Fireclay 0 6 153 7
Sandstone, dark, and shale 3 0 156 7
Sandstone 1 8 168 3
Shale and sandstone, shaly 6 8 164 11
Sandstone, to bottom 1 10 166 9 13' 8"
The above log is very important, in that it gives accurate measurements between important coal beds along the western margin of Fayette.
Loup Creek Colliery Company Coal Test Boring No. 1
In Kanawha District, on the northeast bank of Beards Fork of
Loop Creek, 2.7 miles southeast of Robson P. C; authority, C. E*. Krebs; elevation, 1400' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft In. Ft In.
Sandstone and boulders 6 0 5 0
Sandstone, rotten 13 0 18 0
Slate, dark 5 0 28 0
Sandstone, soft 17 0 40 0
Slate, dark 18 1 58 1
Coal, slaty, Gilbert 0 5 58 6 58' 6"
Slate, dark 3 6 62 0
Sandstone, soft, gray 25 0 87 0
Slate, dark 10 88 0
Sandstone, soft, gray 27 0 115 0
Slate, dark 27 9 142 9
Coal, Douglas 0 3 143 0 84' 6'
Slate, gray 11 0 154 0
Slate, dark 14 0 168 0
Sandstone and slate, mixed 22 0 190 0
Slate, gray 14 0 204 0
Sandstone, white and hard 15 0 219 0
Slate, dark, and sandstone, mixed 15 0 234 0 Sandstone, coarse, dark. Upper
Nuttall 71 0 305 0
Sandstone, hard. Lower Nuttall.. 110 0 415 0
raicJmess. Total.
Pt. In. Pt. In.
Slate, dark 2 0 417 0
Coal, Hughei Ferry 0 8 .417 S
Fire clay 14 419 0
Sandstone, nard 5 0 428 0
Sandstone and slate, mixed 81 0 609 0
Sandstone, hard, white 186 0 695 0
Slate, dark with sandstone pebbles 5 0 700 0
Sandstone, gray 13 0 713 0
Sandstone, hard, pebbly 7 0 720 0
Sandstone, hard, gray, Upper
Raleigh, to bottom 31 0 751 0
The above boring, visited by the author, starts slightly less than 500 feet below the No. 2 Gas Coal bed, and it reveals the absence of the Sewell seam, thus corroborating the barren region shown for the latter on Figure 20 on a subsequent page of this Chapter.
Loup Creek Colliery Company Coal Test Boring — No. 13A on
Map II.
I
. In Kanawha District, on east bank of Loop Creek, 0.4 mile south of railway station at Page; by Loup Creek Colliery Company; authority. C. E. Krebs; elevation, 1120' L.
Thickness. Total. B^. In. Ft. In. Surface, sandstone, and boulders. 8 0 8 0
Sandstone, Upper Nuttall, soft 92 0 100 0
Sandstone, Lower NutUII, hard.. 51 0 161 0 Slate, dark.. 4'0'
> Upper larger 56 4 206 4 Shale
Coal, larger, ''Hughes Ferry" 0 8 207 0 207' 0"
Fireclay 2 0 209 0
Sandstone and slate, mixed 40 0 249 0
broken 22' 0"
erous (plants) . . 6 0 Sandstone, white. 26 0
Slate and sandstone, mixed 55 0 357 0 160' 0'
Sandstone, hard
and white.... 50' 0' Conglomerate . 6 0 Sandstone, hard 56 0 Conglomerate . 2 0 | Upper Sandstone, hard | Raleigh
and white.... 22 0 J Slate, dark and hard 60 0 641 0
Slate, hard.. 44 0 Slate, blue.. 7 4
k"
Guvandot
Thickness. Total.
Ft In. Ft. In.
Sandstone, dark, with thin coal
partings 1 9 642 9
Fire clay 0 3 543 0
Slate, black 0 6 653 0
Coal, Little Raleigh ''A" 0 7 553 7
Slate, dark, sandy 15 9 569 4
Coal, Little Raleigh 0 8 670 0
Fire clay 0 6 570 5
Slate, dark 12 7 583 0
Sandstone, white and hard, Lower Raleigh, Quinnlmont, and Plneville
241 0 824 0
Slate 29 0 853 0
Sandstone, white and hard, to bottom 8 0 861 0
The above boring starts 15 feet below the top of the
UppcT Xuttall Sandstone as determined on the ground by the
author.
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Coal Test Boring — No. 14 on Map II.
Kanawha District, on north hank of Loop Creek at mouth of Open Fork, 3.8 miles southeast of Page; hy Loup Creek Colliery Company;
authority, C. E. Krebs; completed, November 20, 1912; elevation, 1355' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft In. Ft. In. j
Sand and boulders 80 80
Sandstone, hard, coarse, Upper
Nuttall 27 0 35 0 |
Shale, dark, with coal partings,
larger "B" 2 0 37 0
Sandstone, hard, Lower NutUII... 79 0 116 0 116' 0"
Slate, dark 30 0 146 0
Sandstone, hard, dark 37 0 183 0
Slate 2 0 185 0
Sandstone, hard 33 0 218 0
Slate, sandy 17 0 235 0
Sandstone, hard, dark 16 0 251 0
Slate, dark, sandy 8 0 259 0
Sandstone, light 10 260 0
Slate, dark 39 0 299 0
Shale, dark 6 0 305 0
Sandstone, hard 14 0 319 0
Slate, dark, sandy 6 0 325 0
Sandstone, light 1 6 326 6
Slate, dark, sandy 5 6 332 0
Sandstone, hard 17 10 349 10
Sewell 1 4 351 2 235' 2"
West Virginia Geological Survey. 4Oi
Tbickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Shale, blue. 3 4 354 6
Sandstone, hard 5 8 360 2 .
Shale, dark 12 361 4
Sandstone, hard 5 2 366 6
Shale, sandy 2 0 368 6
Sandstone and slate mixed 58 0 ' 426 6
Sandstone, hard 110 7 537 1
Coal 0 2 537 3
Sandstone, hard 4 6 541 8
Sandstone 09 V Beckley. 18 543 4 192' 2"
Coal 0 3 J
Sandstone 2 2 545 6
Shale 1 6 547 0
Sandstone, hard, Quinnimont 112 6 659 6 116' 2^^
The above boring starts 75 feet below the top of the Upper Nuttall Sandstone, as determined by the author ; hence, the correlations indicated. It is located slightly over a mile northwest of the western boundary line of Sewell Coal as shown on Figure 20 on a subsequent page of this Chapter.
The detailed log of the Gallego Land Company No. 1 Boring — No. 15 on Map II — located near the mouth of Rattlesnake Run at Keeferton, is published in Chapter IV in connection with the Kingston Section, pages 168-9.
B0RIN<3fr RECORDS, MOUNTAIN COVE DISTRICT.
Only one test boring has been sunk for coal within Mountain Cove District, although another — George Hawvcr Water Well — ^No. 17 on Map II — located on the east edge of the public road, slightly less than one mile south of Deitz — is listed in the table of borings on a preceding page of this Chapter. This well was a churn-drill boring sunk solely for water, so that the 4 feet of coal reported at a depth of 37 feet was probably mostly slate. The well starts just below the top of the Upper Nuttall Sandstone, which would make the bed encountered correlate with the larger "B** Coal, the stratigraphic position of which is exhibited in the log given next below for the coal test boring in the same District.
Gauley Mountain Coal Company Coal Test Boring
In Mountain Cove District, on a north branch of Mill Creek, 0.6 mile north of Ansted; drilled by Oauley Mountain Coal Company; authority, W. H. E^rans; completed, July 14, 1906; elevation. 1333' L.
Thickneas. Total.
Pt In. Ft In.
Sand and gravel 23 0 23 0
SUte 2 0 25 0
Shale, dark, Douglas 54 11 79 11
Slate and coal ....'. 0' 4" 1 Lower
fire clay 1 3 - Douglas 1 10 81 9 ^r9''
Coal 0 3 J
Fireclay 13 83 0
Slate, gray 3 0 86 0
Sandstone, Upper Nuttall 66 2 152 2
Coal, slaty, larger ''B" 2 2 164 4 72' 7"
Slate, dark 30 8 185 0
Slate, sandy 8 0 193 0
Slate and sandstone 20 0 213 0
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall 98 0 311 0
Slate, dark 4 0 315 0
Slate, sandy 15 0 330 0
Slate, black 9 0 339 0
Coal, slaty, ''Hughes Ferry,"
larger 0 9 339 9 186' 5"
Fire clay 0 3 340 0
Slate, dark 1 0 341 0
Sandstone 9 0 350 0
Sandstone and slate, mixed 15 0 365 0
Slate, sandy 25 0 390 0
Slate, black 7 0 397 0
Fire clay 3 0 400 0
Slate, gray 13 0 413 0
Slate, black 2 0 415 0
Coal, slaty 0' 8" 7 Castle 16 416 6 76' 9"
Coal 0 10 f
Fireclay 0 6 417 0
Slate, sandy 18 0 435 0
Slate, gray, sandy 14 0 449 0
Slate, dark 11 0 460 0
Slate, blue 23 0 483 0
Slate, gray 5 0 488 0
Slate, black 12 0 500 0
Slate, blue 21 0 521 0
Coal, slaty. Sewell "B" 0 3 521 3
Coal, slaty 0' 8" | Sewell. 3 0 535 4 116' 10"
Slate, black, to bottom 9 8 543 0
Correcting for the northwest dip of the strata, the above boring starts 500 feet below the No. 2 Gas Coal and 86 feet
above the Upper Nuttall Sandstone, the latter being a promi-
West Virginia Geological Survey. 4O3
nent ledge slightly less than one-half mile southward in Ansted.
Borinq Records, Nuttall District
In Nuttall District seven coal test borings have been sunk and another — No. 26 on Map II — in the immediately adjoining portion of Greenbrier County. The Survey was unable to obtain the logs of Nos. 18 to 22, inclusive, and 24 on Map II, all located on a large boundary of several thousand acres owned by the Nuttall Heirs. In Water Well No. 23 on Map II, located on the east bank, 0.7 mile up Contrary Creek, tributary to Keeney Creek, the Sewell Coal is reported at a depth of 82 feet, with a thickness of 4 feet. The top of the hole has an elevation of ISSV B., as determined by the author.
The following is the only detailed log that was obtained for any of the coal test borings in Nuttall District :
Brackens Creek Coal & Land Company Coal Test Boring No. 5
In Nuttall District, on Polly Skaggs farm, on north side of Brack-ens Creek on south side of road, 2.2 miles S. 76 "* W. from Russellville, completed January 23, 1913; authority. Brackens Creek Coal A Land Company and C. E. Krebs, elevation, 2134' L.
Thickness. Total. Ft In. Pt. In.
Surface 16 8 16 8
Shale 12 3 28 11
Sandstone, Guyandot 44 3 73 2
Slate 0 1 73 3
Coal, Sewell ''B" 0 9H 74 OH 74' O^*'
Slate 0 4 74 4%
Fire clay 2 3H 76 8
Sandy shale 21 0 97 8
Dark shale 21 0 118 8
Sandy shale 14 6 133 2
Dark shale 4 0 137 2
Coal, Sewell ''Rider" 0 9 137 11
Bastard clay 2 0 139 11
fiark shale 26 8 166 7
Coal rSH" I Sewell 2 2 167 9 98' SH''
Dark slate 0 10 168 7
Sandstone. Welch 33 1 201 8
Sandy shale 3 8 206 4
Dark shale 16 2 220 6
Coal, Welch 0 7H 221 IH 63' 4^"
Shale 37 4H 268 6
Sandstone, conglomerate. Upper
The detailed log of the Mrs. E. T. Martin Coal Test Boring — No. 26 on Map II — located on the east side of Meadow River in the edge of Greenbrier County, just above Russellville, is published in Chapter IV in connection with the section for the latter place, pages 176-7.
Boring Records, Fayetteville District.
A total of 55 diamond-drill coal test borings have been sunk within the borders of Fayetteville District, as listed in ihe table on a preceding page of this Chapter. This table contains the only information that could be obtained from Borings Nos. 33, 36A, 39, 40, 43, 44, 47-52, 54, 55, 57, 57A, 63, 64, 69-73, 78, and 79 on Map II. The detailed logs of the others in this District, in addition to a dozen borings in the adjoining portion of Raleigh County, follow below :
Henry Light Coal Test Boring No. 5 (No. 28 on Map II).
n
In Fayetteyllle DiBtrlct, on west Bide of Wolf Creek, 1.6 miles 8. 16** B. of Fayetteyille; drilled by Hawkins Land Company; authority, C. B. Krebs; completed, July, 1903; elevation, 1806' L.
Thickness. Total. Pt In. Ft In.
Surface 1 8 1 8
Sandstone,
gray, flinty.. 74' 1%' Flint and sand- Lower
stone 18 1 VNuttall 117 1% 118 9^ 118' 9%'
Sandstone, conglome
ra/te,
and fire clay. 24 10%
Slate : 13 0% 131 10
Sandstone, with seam of slate 6 0% 137 10%
Slate, with seam of sandstone 6 1% 144 8%
Slate, with seam of sandstone 9 3 156 4
Slate, with small sulphur halls... 13 0% 168 4%
Coal, Lower larger 0 8% 169 IH 50' 4%'
Slate 1 0% 170 2
WEST VIRGINIA jSEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 405
Thickness. Total. Pt In. Wt. In.
Sandstone and
slate 4 044
Slate and seam
Slate 6 8H 243 2
Slate, sandy 7 6H 250 8%
Coal, Castle 1 3H 252 0 82' 10%
Slate, spots of fire clay 2 2% 254 2%
Slate, sandy.. 3' 9%"!
seam of slate 5 2% Slate, sandy. . 88 10
Coal, Sewell "B"' 0 10% 297 11 45' 11
Slate, sandy 2 10% 300 9%
Fire clay 0 7% 301 5
Coal 0 2% 301 7%
Fire clay 0 0% 301 8
Slate 2 10% 304 6%
Sandstone, seam of conglomerate. 3 6% 308 1
Sandstone and slate, mixed 12 7% 320 8%
Sandstone, gray 2 0% 322 9%
Sandstone, gray and slate seams. . 6 8^ 329 6^
Slate 11 8% 341 2%
Coal, Sewell ''A'' 0 2 341 4%
Slate 7 0 348 4%
.«*late seams ... 4' 0" '|
Slate 3 0 I Lower
seam of slate.. 2 0 | Slate and seams |
of sandstone . . 27 9 j
Slate, with little coal seams, to
bottom 10 11 400 1% 10' 11
I"
The above boring starts 10 feet below the top of the l-ower Nuttall Sandstone, as determined by Teets, the great development of which has evidently cut away the larger '"Hughes Ferry") Coal entirely.
The detailed log of the Hawkins Land Company Boring — No. 29 on Map II — located on the north bank of Marrs Branch, 2 miles from its mouth, at an elevation of 165(y B., as determined by the author, is published in Chapter IV in connec-
Uon with the Fayetteville — 1.5 Miles Northwest Section^ pages 183-4.
Core Test Boring— No. 30 on Map II.
in Fayetteville District, on south bank of Sugar Creek, 0.4 mile east from Laurel Creek, and 2% miles northwest of Faretteyllle; by Keefer Coal Land Company; authority, C. E. Krebs; elevaticm, 1326' B.
Thickness. Total.
Pt In. Ft. In.
Surface 17 6 17 6
9hale 2 4 19 9
Sandstone, crystallized, Lower
Shale, dark, Upper larger 39 6 162 0
Coal, Lower larger 0 3 152 3
Sandstone, crystallized, Harvey... 78 9 231 0
Shale, sandy 36 0 267 0
Sandstone and
Sandstone 18 2 J
Shale, dark 8 10 302 0
Sandstone 1 0 303 0
Sandstone, micaceous, with shale 10 2 313 2
Shale, daily 13 3 326 6
Sandstone, argillaceous 19 6 846 10
Sandstone 0 7 346 6
Shale, sandy 4 6 350 11
Shale, brittle, black 4 11 356 10
Bone 0 2% J
Fire clay 1 4% 869 0
Shale, brittle, black 2 3 361 3
Shale, soft, black 2 5 863 8
Sandstone, dark, argillaceous,
Welch, to bottom 19 6 383 2 26' 6%"
The above boring starts 85 feet below the top of the Upper Nuttall Sandstone, as determined by the author. It is located one-fourth mile west of the western boundary line o\ minable Sewell Coal as the latter bed is limited on Figure 20 published on a subsequent page of this Chapter. This lop and those of others in the immediate region constitute in a large measure the authority on which the line is drawn in this portion of the County.
Shale, with sandstone partings . . 14 6
West Virginia Geological Survey. 407
Keefer Coal Land Company Coal Test Boring No. 2
In Fayetteville District, on east bank of Laurel Creek 1.8 miles
south of Beckwith; authority, Keefer Coal Land Company and 0. B. Krebs; elevation, 1285' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 15 7 15 7
Sandstone, conglomeratic, Lower
Nuttall 58 2 73 9
Shale, with sandstone partings.. 19 11 93 8
Shale, sandy 15' 10" ) Upper
Slate, rotten 2 0 j larger 17 10 111 6 111' 6"
Fire clay, Hughes Ferry Coal
horizon 1 4 112 10
Sandstone 2 8 115 6
Shale, sandy 9 10 125 4
Sandstone 56' 2" 1 Harvey
Conglom- 70 8 196 0 erate
Shale, blue : 11 0 207 0
Shale, sandy 26 6 233 6
Sandstone 4 6 238 0
Shale, sandy 6 6 244 6
Sandstone 0 8 245 2
Shale, sandy 5 4 250 6
Sandstone 6 4 256 10
Shale, blue 0 4 257 2
Sandstone, hard 4 10 262 0
Slate, blue 4 6 266 6
Shale, blue 13 10 280 4
Shale, sandy 17 8 298 0
Shale, black 3 10 301 10
Shale, soft 0 7 302 5
Sandstone 0 3 303 2%
Fire clay 1 6 304 8%
Sandstone 0 11 305 7%
Sandstone, shaly 0 3 305 10%
Sandstone 1 0 306 10%
Sandstone, shaly 0 1 306 11%
Sandstone 0 8 307 7%
Shale 0 2 307 9%
Sandstone 0 3 308 0%
Shale, sandy 0 1% 308 2
Sandstone, slate partings 3 7 311 9
Slate, sandy 16 313 3
Shale, sandy 3 10 317 1
Sandstone 0 2% 317 8%
Shale, soft 0 1% 317 5
Sandstone 1 10 319 3
Shale, sandy 25 11% 345 2%
Shfile, with sandstone partings... 0 8 345 10%
Shale, sandy, regular bedding 0 10 346 8%
Sandstone, coal partings, Sewe 1 1.. 1 9 348 5% 236' 11%''
Thickness. Total. Ft In. Ft. In.
Sandstone and shale 11 6 375 5
Shale, sandy 3 2 378 7
Shale, hard 2 6 381 1
Shale, sandy 4 0 386 1
Shale, soft 1 10 386 11
Shale, soft, sandy 9 3 396 2
Fireclay 0 3 396 5
Shale 0 3 396 8
Shale, sandy 19 0 416 8
Sandstone, micaceous and shaly. . 5 2 420 10 72' 4^"
The above boring starts 100 feet below the top of t^o Upper Nuttall Sandstone cHfF, as determined by the author. The Sewell bed is represented by only some coal "spars" in a thin sandstone.
Keefer Coal Land Company Coal Test Boring No. 3
In Fayetterille District, on west bank of Laurel Creek, 0.3 mile north of Dempsey; authority, Keefer Coal Land Comcpany and C. E. Krebs; elevation, 1320' B.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 16 0 16 0
Sandstone, crystallized, Lower
Nuttall 97 0 113 0
Sandstone and shale 6 4 119 4
Coal 0 1 119 5
Sandstone and shale 13 3 132 8
Shale 8 0 140 8
Coal, "HuQhe« Ferry," laeqer. . . . 0 4 141 0 141' 0"
Fire clay 10 142 0
Sandstone 31' 0"
Harvey
Sandstone and Cong lorn- 79 4 221 4
shale 48 4 J erate
Shale 15 2 236 6
Sandstone, Quyandot 45 0 281 6
Shale, dark 6 5 287 11
Sandstone 4 2 292 1
Shale, with sandstone streaks, to
bottom 139 7 431 8 290' S"
The above boring starts 105 feet below the top of the Upper Nuttall Sandstone, as determined by the author, and Us log reveals the absence of the Sewell Coal bed which should belong at a depth of about 380 feet.
upper
Nuttall 26 10 41 0
West Virginia Geological Survey. 4O9
In Fayetteyille District, on head of Laurel Creek, 1 mile above mouth of Sugar Branch, on south side of road, and 2 miles S. 70° W. from Fayetteyille; by Hawkins Land Company, authority, with C. E. Krebs; completed, March, 1904; elevation, 1630' L.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 14 2 14 2
Sandstone, gray.. 0' 8""*
Sand 0 4
Sand, wash 3 0
Sandstone, gray.. 18 10
Slate 2 2
Sandstone, gray.. 1 10
Coal, larger "B" 0 2 41 2
Sandstone, gray, Lower Nuttall 88 4 129 6 Slate, with seams of coal ("Hughes
Ferry") larger 5 1 134 7 134' 7'
Slate 21 5% 156 0%
Slate and sandstone 6 5H 167 10%
Slate 16 1% 184 0
Sandstone, gray 5'3%"1 Sandstone and •
slate 18 8%
Sandstone, gray 7 8
Sandstone and f Harvey 34 4% 224 6
slate 15
Sandstone, slate,
and fire clay.. 13%
Sandstone, gray, Guyandbt 44 9% 269 2%
Slate 0 5% 269 8
Fire clay 4 8 274 4
Slate 20 9 295 1
Slate, fire clay, and sandstone 8 6 303 7
Fire clay, horizon of Sewell "B"
Coal 2 10 306 5 71' 10"
Slate and sandstone 3 3 309 8
Sandstone, gray 1 10 311 6
Slate 2 10 314 4
Slate and sandstone 14 6% 328 10%
Coal, Sewell "A" 0 10 329 8% 2? s%'
Sandstone and
Sandstone, gray 1 3
Slate and sand- Lower
Slate, sandy 2 7
Sandstone, gray 18 6
Slate 1 8
Sandstone, gray 0 10
Shale and sandstone ....'. 4 7 379 3%
Slate. Hartrldge 12 6 391 9%
4Io Coal And Coke.
ThidmesB. TotMl. Ft In. Ft. In.
Slate, with seams of \ Seweli 5 6 397 8^ 67' 1"
coal 2 0 J
Slate and sandstone, to t>ottom. . . 10 8 407 11^ 10' 8'
The above boring, as determined by Teets, starts 20 feet below the top of the Upper Nuttall Sandstone.
Loup Creek Colliery Company Coal Test Boring No. 2
In FYtyetteyiUe District, near church, mouth of Carter Branch of Loop Creek at Wrlston; authority, W. H. E>vans of same company; completed, May, 1906; elevation, 1406' L.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Pt. In. Sandstone and bouldens 12 0 12 0
gray B'O" |
Sandstone, soft,
B'O"
I
Sandstone, hard,
white 70 0 I Lower
Sandstone, soft, f Nuttall 80 0 92 0 92' 0
gray 10
Sandstone, hard,
white 4 0
Slate, hlack, Upper larger 14 0 106 0
Sandstone, soft, gray 33 0 139 0
Slate, dark 3 0 142 0
Sandstone, hard, gray 2 6 144 6
Coal, Lower larger 0 6 146 0 63' tr
Sandstone, dark, micaceous 28 0 173 0
Slate, sandy, dark 49 0 222 0
Sandstone, gray 3 0 225 0
Slate, sandy, dark 21 9 246 9
Black slate and coal parting,
Seweli "B" 0 10 247 7 102' 7
Slate, dark 22 2 269 9
Coal, slaty, Seweli "A" 0 3 270 0 22' 5
Slate, dark 17 0 287 0
Sandstone, gray, Lower Guyandot 25 0 312 0 Slate, dark, Seweli Coal horizon.. 78 0 390 0
Sandstone, gray 11 0 401 0
Conglomerate 6 0 407 0
Slate, dark 6 0 413 0
Conglomerate 1 0 414 0
Sandstone, hard,
white 79' 0" Upper
Conglomerate 2 0 and
Sandstone, gray... 61 0 > Lower
Slate, black 9U Raleigh 173 0 687 0
Sandstone, bard,
white 22 0
ff
ft
West Virginia Geological Survey. 4Ii
TlilckneBB. Total. Ft. In. PL In.
Coal r 2'')Beokley 2 0 689 0 819' 0''
Slate, dark 21 0 610 0
Sandatone, white, Quinnlmont, to
bottom 67 0 667 0 78' 0"
The above boring, as determined by the author, starts 100 feet below the top of the Upper Nuttall Sandstone which forms here a prominent cliff along the Virginian Railway f^rade. The Sewell Coal is absent, but it should beli^ng at 340 to 350 feet in depth.
Hawkins Land Company Coal Test Boring No. 1
In Fayetteville District, on northeast bank of Loop Creek, 1.3 miles
southeast of Wriston; by Hawkins Land Company, authority, with
C. B. Krebs; completed in November, 1901; elevation, 1690' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Boulders and sand 13 7 13 7
Sandstone, gray. Lower Nuttall... 98 6 112 0
Conglomerate and, fire clay 6 2 117 2
Coal, "Hughes Ferry," larger 0 6 117 8 117' 8*^
Conglomerate and fire clay 6 2 123 10
Sandstone, gray 18 11 142 9
Fire clay 3 11 146 8
Sandstone,
gray BB'B" Harvey
Sandstone, 'Conglomerate 62 11 209 7
gray 37 6 J
Slate, seam of sandstone 6 6 215 1
Slate 11 11 227 0
Sandstone and slate 6 0 283 0
Slate and fire clay, Castle Coal
horizon 10 0 243 0 125' 4"
Sandstone, gray. 38 6 J
Coal, Sewell "A" 0 2 338 4
Sandstone, gray. Lower Gkjyandot. 8 2 346 6
Sand, slate, and sandstone 2 10 349 4
Coal, Sewell 4 4 363 8 110' 8"
Slate 10 10 364 6
Sandstone and
slate 4' 9"
Slate 17 4 f Raleigh 78 7 443 1
Sandstone and I
slate 11 3 J
Fire clay and slate 11 8 454 9
ThicknesB. Total. Ft In. Pt. In
Sandstone, gray 87' 5**
Sandstone, gray,
and pea conglomerate
34 tf
' Lower
Sandstone, seams
Raleigh
78
0
of coal and fire
clay 6 10
Slate .'
8
0
Coal, Beckley
4
2
Slate and fire clay, to bottom
6
3
The above boring, as determined by the author, starts 65 feet below the top of the Upper Nuttall Sandstone. This iog and the one next below show a local thickening of what appears to be the Beckley Coal. Away from this immediate region the latter bed is thin and unimportant.
In Fayetteville District, at Mine No. 144 on Map II, 0.3 mile north
of Summerlee (formerly Parral); by Stuart Oolliery Company; elevation. 1995' L.
Thickness. Total.
Pt. In. Pt. In.
Surface 7 9 7 9
Sandstone 32 0 39 9
Slate 1 6 41 2
Coal, Lower Douglas 0 6 41 8 41' 8"
Slate 8 6 50 2
Sandstone, white, Upper Nuttall..- 43 0 93 2
Slate, black, soft 23 0 116 2
Sandstone, glassy, conglomeratic,
Lower Nuttall 122 0 238 2 196' 6"
Shale, black, sandy 119 0 357 2
Sandstone, gray, conglomeratic,
Harvey 11 0 368 2
Slate, black 2 0 370 2
Coal, bony, Caetle 3 0 373 2 135' 0"
Shale, dark, sandy. 9 0 382 2
Sandstone, gray, conglomeratic ... 160 398 2
Sandy beds, dark, hard 33 0 431 2
Sandstone, coarse. . . . . • 34 0 465 2
Sandstone, dark 11 0 476 2
Sandstone, gray 2 0 478 2
Coal, bone, Sewell "B" 0 2 478 4 105' 2"
Plre clay 6 0 484 4
Sandstone, coarse 36 0 520 4
Plre clay.. 0 6 527 1
Slate, black, soft 8 0 535 1
West Virginia Geological Survey. 413
TliicknesB. Total. Ft In. Ft. In.
Shale, dark, sandy 46 0 580 1
Sandstonep gray, hard. Upper Ra.
ieigh 96 0 676 1
Shale, gray, not hard 12 0 688 1
Shale, dark-gray 14 0 702 1
Sandstone, dark 18 0 720 1
Shale and sandstone 12 0 732 1
Slate 0 6 732 7
Coal, Beckley 3 4 735 11 209' 4"
The above log is on the authority of I. C. White ks published on pages 38-9 of Volume 11(A) of the State Geological Survey Reports. There is an apparent discrepancy in the log as published in the volume last mentioned, since the elevation of the Sewell Coal in Shaft Mine No. 144 on Map II, ISO feet westward^ is only 1345' L. This is further corroborated by the log of the Hawkins Land Company Boring — No. 38 on Map II, 300 to 400 yards northeastward, the details of which are published in Chapter IV in connection with the Parral Section, pages 186-7.
The two following logs, with some slight modifications, are as published in Volume 11(A) of the State Survey Reports, pages 34 and 32-3, respectively:
New River Collieries Company Coal Test Boring No. 68
In Fayetteville District, on west bank of Coal Run, 1.2 miles N. 55'' W. of Brooklyn (Pinlow P. O.) ; elevation, 1620' L.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 10 0 10 0
Sandstone 45' 0"
Shale, dark 5 0 Upper
Shale, dark 13 7
Sandstone 2 8
Shale, dark 17 6 97 9
Coal 0' 6"
Little
Raieigh 2 7 100 4 100' 4
Slate 0 5
Coal and slate 0 10
Slate 0 6
Coal, bony 0 4 j
Fire clay, bastard 110 102 2
Sandstone, very Raleigh 63 6 165 8
hard 56 0
Shale, dark » 66 0 281 8
TtiicknesB. Total.
Pt. In. Ft. In.
Slialep lifllit 13 3 244 11
Sandstone..- 4 6 249 5
Shale, light 0 6 249 11
Sandstone 2 0 261 11
Shale, light 1 3 253 2
Sandstone 10 254 2
Shale, light 2 0 266 2
Sandstime 11 0 267 2
Slate, gray 3 11 271 1
Coal, Fire Creek 1 6 272 6 172' 2
Fireclay .... 6 1 278 7
Slate, gray 11 0 289 7
Slate, dark 0 6 290 1
Coal, bone, "split" from Fire Creek 0 4 290 6
Shale, light 7 3 297 8
Sandstone 13 4 311 0
Shale, dark, to bottom 13 6 324 6 51' 11
n
It
The above boring starts 7S to 80 feet below the Sewell Coal.
New River Collieries Company Coal Teat Boring No. 67
In Fayetteville District, on west bank of Coal Run, 1.0 mile N. 70* W. of Pinlow P. O. (Brooklyn) ; elevation, 2060.6' I*
Thicknesa. Total. Pt. In. Ft. In.
Surface 13 0 13 0
Sandistone 22 0 36 0
Slate, dark 2 6 87 6
Coal, "Hughes Ferry/' larger 0 11 38 6 .38' S*"
Fire clay, bastard 1 6 39 11
Sandstone 9 0 48 11
Slate, dark 47 6 96 6
Sandstone.,. 12 0 108 6
Shale, dark 6 0 113 6
Sandstone 7 0 120 6
Shale, dark 13 1 133 6
Coal, Castle 10 134 6 96 1"
Fire clay, basiard 1 6 136 0
Shale and sandstone.. . 40 0 176 0
Shale, dark 6 0 181 0
Coal, Sewell "B'' 0 10 18110 47' 4"
Fireclay 7 5 189 3
Shale, light 13 0 202 3
Sandstone 14 6 216 9
Shale and sandstone 16 0 232 9
Sandstone, Lower Guyandot 36 9 269 6
.Slate, Rray 8 0 277 6
Coal, Sewell 4 8 281 9 99' 11"
Slate, dark, and coal streaked 2 6 t'^*
•
Beckley 2
West Virginia Geological Survey. 4Is
«
ThlcknesB. Total. Ft
Shale, dark. 11
Coal, •'split" from Sewell 0
Shale, dark 37
Fire clay, bastard 17
Sandstone 2
Fire clay, hantard 1
lelgh 89
Slate, dark 2
Coal, Little Raleigh 0
Shale, light 22
Sandstone 3
Shale, light 1
Sandstone 1
Shale, light 14
Slate, dark 3
Coal O'S"
Slate, dark 0 8
Coal 1 4
Shale, dark '. 2
Sandstone 4
Shale, gray 5
Coal, "split'' from Beckley 1
Fire clay, bastard 0
Sandstone 9
Shale, dark 84
Slate, dark 8
Sandstone 2
Shale, dark 1
Shale, gray 36
Slate, dark 1
Coal, Fire Creek 5
Fire clay 2
The two following boring records are, with some slight changes in correlation, as published in Volume 11(A) of the State Survey Reports, pages 35-6 and 36-37, respectively:
New River Collieries Company Coal Test Boring No. 65
In FayetteviUe I>*«»trict, on waters of Rush Run. 1 mile due north of Rush Run Station; elevation, 1862' L.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surfeuse 30 0 30 0
Shale, dark 24 0 54 0
Slate 0 8 54 8
Bone 0 4 55 0
Coal, Seweli "B" 12 56 2 56*2"
Fire clay, bastard 10 57 2
Sandstone. Lower Guyandot 66 0 123 2
Ft.
In.
•
3
6
8
2
0
2
4
6
0
6
3
9
1
10
6
4
6
10
0
10
9
7
6
1
0
1
2
3
4
7
6
1
8
9
0
9
9
6
0
6
6
0
6
6
0
6
0
6
2
8
9
5
7
0
0
0
5
5
7
0
4l6 COAL AND COKE.
Thickness. Total.
•
Slate, gray
Coal, Seweli
Fire clay, bastard
Shale, dark
Shale, hard
Coal, Little Raleigh
Fire clay, bastard
Shale, dark
Sandstone
Shale, dark
Coal, Beckley "Rider"
Fire clay, bastard
Sandstone, hard
CoaJ, Beckley
Shale, dark
Sandstone
Shale, dark
Sandstone
Shale, dark
Shale and sandstone
Slate, gray
Fire clay, bastard
Shale, gray
Coal, Little Fire Creek
Fire clay, bastard, to bottom
New River Collieries Company Coal Test Boring No. 66
In Fayetteville District, in head of branch of Rush Run, 1.5 miles due north of Rush Run Station; elevation, 1946' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 38 0 88 0
Shale, dark 83 0 66 0
Sandstone 8 0 74 0
Shale, dark 2 0 76 0
Sandstone 1 0 77 0
Shale, dark 16 78 6
Sandstone 2 0 80 6
Shale, dark 24 0 104 6
Sandstone 1 0 106 6
Coal, Castle 11 106 7 106' 7"
Fire clay, bastard 16 108 1
Sandstone 21 0 129 1
Sandstone and shale 19 6 148 7
Shale, dark 6 7 164 2
Coal, Seweli "B" 0 6 164 8 48' 1*
Fire clay, bastard 3 9 158 6
Ft In.
FL In.
8
10
4
4
8
8
10
10
10
0
4
0
6
4
0
6
3
6
1
1
6
11
11
6
6
0
I?
s°
Is
Is
Is
West Virginia Geological Survey. 417
Thickness. Total. Ft In.
Sandstone, sbaly 51 0
Sandstone 26 S
Slate, gray 6 8
Fire clay, bastard 7 3
Shale, dark 65 6
Coal, "Welph" 0 4 317 11 73' 0
Shale, dark 80 0
Sandstone, hard, Upper Raleigh. . . 35 0
Shale, dark 59 6
Coal and bone, Beckley ''Rider".. 1 6 443 11 126^0
Fire clay, bastard 4 3
Sandstone 2 3
Shale, dark 9 10
Sandstone 0 1
Coal, Beckley 0 6 460 10 16' 11
Fire clay, bastard 1 0
Sandstone 10 10
Sandstone and shale 6 6
Shale, dark 54 11
Fire clay 10 0
Shale and sandstone 10 0
Sandstone 30 0
Shale, dark 3 0
Slate, dark 5 2
Coal, Fire Creek 0 4 592 7 131' 9"
Fire clay 7 6
Shale and sandstone 2 0
Slate, dark 1 2
Coal, Little Fire Creek 0 6 603 9 11' 2
Fire clay, bastard 2 0
Shale, dark 2 0
Sandstone, gray 15 6 623 3 19' 6
Coal Test Boring Record — No. 53 on Map II.
In Fayettevllle District, on north bank of Mosey Creek, H niile northwest of Toney School and 1.5 miles northwest of Oarlisle; No. 6 on Mossy Coal & Land Company; drilled by Blrdefboro Steel ft Foundry Company in February, 1904, and log duly attested by oath; authority for log, R. T. Hubard, Jr.; elevation, 1725' B.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 11 10 11 10
Gray substance 44 7 56 6 56' 6"
Flint rock 20' 0 "1
Gray sandstone. .18 5
Slate :.. 16
Coal, "Hughes Ferry/' larger 0 9% 170 2y^ 118' 9%'
Sandstone, seams of slate 5
Gray sandstone, Harvey Conglomerate 76 2 251 4%
Ft.
In.
5
1
9
2
7
11
11
11
5
11
2
6
3
4
10
10
8
2
1
1
1
1
1
8
7
1
1
3
9
9
9
3
4
5
0
4i8
Coal Amd Coke.
Tblokness
. Total.
Ft In.
Ft.
In
SUute
1
8Vi
1
Coal. Cattle
5
Slate
6
V
Slate and aand-stone
30 9
Slate 9 3
Slate and sandstone
6 6Vi
Gray eandstone. 6 0
GMyandot
71
3
8
Slate and sandstone
8 0
Slate
13
7
3
Sandstone 2' O*" Lower
Sandlstone, seams Guyandot
43
6
8
of sUte 2 0 '
Sandstone 39 6
Slate. Hartridge
9
1
9
Coal 6' 8 ''I Sewell
8
7%
4%
Bony coal... 2 2
Coal 0 4
Slate
3V6 9
8
Slate and seams of sandstone
6
Slate
6
8
10
Slate and seams of sandstone
6
Slate
6
0
6
Sandstone, seams of coal 24' 6" Upper
Sandstone 21 10
> Raleigh
66
7
1
Sandstone, spots of
congrlomerate . . .20 3
Sandstone, spots of Are cfay
31
0
1
Bastard flint, spots
•
of conglomerate. 14' O''
Sandstone, spots of
conglomerate 6 8
Lower
Bastard flint 11 9
Raleigh
67
0
1
Sandstone, seams of
t
conglomerate 23 8
Sandstone 6 0
Slate 0 8
Sandstone 4 8
Sandy slate '
6
10
11
Fire clay, Beckley Coal horizon . . .
0
6
Slate, with spots of fire clay
60
4
Slate and sandstone
47
8
Slate
3
3
Fice clay. Fire Creek Coal horizon
at top
3
0
Slate and sandstone
6
6
Sandstone
4
8
9
Slate
0
37
2
Gray sandstone
8
West Virginia Geological Survey. 4^9
Tbickness. Total.
rt In. Ft. In.
SUte 1 8% 766 4%
Gray sandstone, spots of fire clay. . 2 0 769 6
Sandstone, spots of conglomerate.. 20 10 790 4
Slate, seams of sandstone 16 6 806 10
Gray sandstone, to bottom 6 0 812 10 99' 3'
Painter Coal Test Boring No. 1 (No. 56 on Map II).
In FViyetteville District, on east side of the Virginian Railway; % mile northeast of Lively StaUon; authority, Plimi Orchard Coal and
Liand Company; elevation, 1649' L.
Tbiclmess. Total.
Sandstone, Lower Nuttali 88 0 8S 0
Shale, sandy .- 26 0 109 0
Shale, dark 5 0 114 0
Coal, larger, "HMghes Ferry" 10 115 0 116' 0"
Sandstone and shale 68 0 178 0
Sandstone, hard, Harvey Conglomerate
42 0 216 0
Sandstone and shale 38 0 263 0
Shale, dark, coal at hase 14 0 267 0
Sandstone, hard, GuyaiKlot 66 0 382 0
Sandstone and shale 30 0 362 0
Coal, 8ewell 3 2 366 2 260' 2"
Shale, gray... 7 10 373 0
Sandstone, hard. Upper Raleigh... 80 jO 463 0
Sandstone and shale 56 0 509 0
Sandstone, Lower Raleigh, layers
of 14" to 30", bottom of ledges
composed of shale, aulphur, and
sand conglomerate 86 6 596 6
Sandstone, hard 47 6 643 0
Sandstone, hard, sulphur 27 0 670 0
Sandstone, hard 84 0 764 0
Sandstone, conglomerate 8 0 762 0
Sandstone, showing of coal 10 0 772 0 406' 10"
Sandstone 35 0 807 0
Shale, dark 2 0 809 0
Sandstone 9 0 818 0
Shale, dark 10 0 828 0
Sandstone 13 0 841 0
Shale 3 0 844 0
Sandstone and shale 12 0 856 0
Sandstone 10 0 866 0
Shale, dark 6 0 872 0
Sandstone 2 0 874 0
Shale, dark 8 0 . 882 0
Sandstone, hard, tMiae of Pottavl lie 8 0 886 0 113' 0"
Shale, red and green 10 0 895 0
Sandstone and shale 105 0 1000 0
Sandstone and shale 17 8 1017 8
Thickness. Total.
Sandstone, hard 26 4 1044 0
Sandstone, Ught, dark 8 0 1052 0 1C7' O''
Sandstone, dark, Princeton 6ongiomerate
67 0 1119 0
Shale, dark 76 0 1206 0
Sandstone, to bottom 10 0 1215 0 163' 0"
The above record, with some slight changes, is as published on page 307 of the Raleigh County Report and page 41 of Volume 11(A). In the column headed "Lively — 1 Mile N. E." in the Sewell Coal Table of Intervals, published in Chapter III, page 89, it was used for results indicated. The boring starts 10 feet below the top of the Lower Nuttall Sandstone, as determined by the author.
In Fayetteville District; on northeast bank of Horse Creek, branch
of Paint Creek, 1.4 miles southeast of Lively; elevation, 1700' B.
Thickness. Total. Ft In. Ft. In.
Soil and boulders 10 0 10 0
Sandstone, dark 2 1% 12 1%
Coal ''Hughes Ferry/' laefler 0 9 12 lO^i 12' 10%"
Sandstone, dark 15 3% 28 2
Sandstone 18 10 47 0
Sandstone and shale 27 2 74 2
Shale, sandy 15 1 89 3
Sandstone, Harvey Conglomerate.. 64 0 153 3
Sandstone and shale 19 9 173 0
Shale 4 6 177 6
Sandstone and shale 18 6 196 0
Sandstone, Guyandot 30 7 226 7
Shale 2 3 228 10
Coal, Sewell "B" 13 230 1 217' 2^"
Shale, sandy 6 6 236 7
Sandstone and shale 13 6 250 1
Shale, dark 36 11 287 0
Coal, Sewell, impure 2 5 289 5 59' 4"
Coal, Sewell "Spilt'' 0 4^^ 306 7
Shale 2 5 309 0
Sandstone, Welch 18 0 327 0
Shale, sandy 1 4 360 0
Sandstone, coDr I Raleigh 77 11 437 11
glomerate . . 17 11 j
Sandstone and shale 6 6 444 4
Sandstone, con
glomerate 10 6
Sandstone, shale 10 4
West Virginia Geological Survey. 421
Thickness. Total. Pt In. Ft. In.
Shale, sandy 14 1 468 5
Coal, Little Raleigh 0 6 458 11 169' 6"
Shale, dark 10 10 469 9
Sandstone and shale 7 3 477 0
Sandstone, hard. 129' 2" ] Lower
Raleigh . . 150 0 627 0
and Qui mUmont
Sandstone, shale '. 5 3 632 3
Shale 17 3 649 6
Coal, Fire Creek 0 4 649 10 190' 11"
Sbale 31 2 681 9
Sandstone and shale 28 10 704 10
Coal, No. 9 Pocahontas, trace
Shale 12 1 716 11 67' 1"
Sandstone 4 6 721 5
Sandstone and shale 15 10 737 3
Sandstone 48 1 785 4
Sandstone and shale 8 8 794 0
Sandstone 6 7 803 7
Sandstone, dark 3 8 806 10
Shale, dark 15 4 822 2
Shale, white, sandy, base of Potts-
Shale, red and green 82 9 921 8
Sandstone, to bottom 33 1 954 4 115' 10''
The above record, with some changes and additions, is as published on pages 42-3 and 305-6, respectively, of Volume 11(A) and the Raleigh County Report of the State Survey.
Plum Orchard Coal & Land Company Coal Test Boring
In r^yetteville District, on east bank of Willis Branch, on Burges farm. % mile N. 70* W. of Palntsville; elevation, 1685' B.
Thickness. Total. Pt. In. Pt. In.
Son and boulders 6 6 6 6
Sandstone 72' 6" 1 Lower
Shale 1 2 V.Nuttall . . 90 6 97 0 97' 0"
Sandlstone 16 10 J
Sandstone and shale 87 6 184 6
Sandstone, dark 2 10 187 4
Sandstone, liipht 1 8 189 0
Sandstone and shale 26 0 165 0
Sandstone, brown 1 6 166 6
Sfaale 14 0 180 6
Sandstone and shale 12 0 192 6
Sandstone 63 0 245 6
Shale 4 6 260 0
tf
mckness. Total. Ft In. FL In.
Sandstone and whale 6 8 266 8
Sandstone 6 6 261 2
Shale, dark 8 10 270 0
Shale 4 6% 275 0
Sandstone, Quyandot 48 11 328 11
Shale,dark 17 6 341 5
Sandstone 3 6 344 11
Sandstone and shale 20 1 386 0
Shale, dark 23 6 388 6
Coal, Sewell "Rider" 0 8 889 2
Shale, dark 16 4 406 6
Coal, impure, Sewell 3 8 408 2 188' 8^"
Shale, dark 1 10 411 0
Sandstone 34 0 446 0 86' 10"
The above record, with slight changes, is as published on pages 12Q-1 of the Raleigh County Report.
In FayettevlUe District, on south bank of Boyd Branch, 1.0 mile northeast of Clrtsville; authority; J. S. Cunningham; completed, June 2, 1909; elevation, 1897' L. Thickness. Total.
Pt.
Surface 22
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall 41
Shale, dark.. .. 16' 0" ) Upper
Slate, black... 23 0 5 larger ..... 38 0 101 0 101' 0'
Sandstone, Middle I aeger 41
Shale 7
Shale, coal flakes, Lower larger.. 2 0 161 6 60' 6"
Shale 1
Sandstone, hard. . 41' 6'
Harvey
Pt.
In.
0
22
0
0
68
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
0
6
0
6
6
0
0
0
8
3
4
7
6
0
Shale 2 0 Conglom. 96
Rock, hard 63 0 J erate
Shale with sandstone partings... 73
Coal, Sewell "B'' 0 3 322 3 170' 9'
Fire clay
Sandstone, Lower Quyandot 46 6
Shale, dark 16' 6" 1
Coal 0' 1"1
Bone 0 1
Coal and bone 0 10
Coal 4 11
Slate to bottom 2 0 411 4 2' 0"
The above record, with the addition of several names for members, is as published on page 202 of the Raleigh County Report.
West Virginia Geological Survey. . 423
The detailed log of the E. J. Berwind No. 25 Coal Test I — No. 62 on Map II — located just southeast of the Weirwood Shaft Mine — No. 174 on Map II, 0.3 mile northeast of Herberton, is published in Chapter IV in connection with the section for the latter place, page 195.
McKinley Land Company Coal Test Boring No. 2
In Fftyetteville DiBtrict, on north bank of Boyd Branoh, <m <yNeil farm, 0.6 mile southeast from Herberton, (Willis Branch P. O.) ; completed In 1907; authority, J. B. Lalng; elevation, 1782.52' L.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft In.
Casing 8
Sandstone, very hard 29 6
Sandstone, shale partings 11
Shale, sandstone partings 8
Sandstone, very hard, Harvey Conglomerate 90
Shale, blue 7
Sandstone, shale 1
partings .... 48 0 J
Shale, dark 17 0 219 1
Coal, aewell <*B" 0 8 219 9 219' a**
Fire clay 0 1 219 10
Sandstone, very hard. Lower Guy. andot 19 10 239 8
Shale, dark.... 87' O'^lHartrldge. 42 0 281 8
Bone 0'2''7 8ewell .... 4 3 285 11 66' 2"
Coal 4 15
Shale, blue 20 8 806 2
Bone 8 8 809 10
Shale, dark 14 811 2
Sandstone, very hard, to bottom.. 5 10 317 0 81'!''
The above record, with the addition of some names for members, is as published on page 308 of the Raleigh County Report.
0
8
0
6
37
6
3
48
9
4
52
1
0
1
0
1
B. J. Berwind Coal Test Boring No. B-16 (No. 66 on Map II).
In FayettevillG DiBtrict, on Boyd Branch near the fi^yette-Raleigh
County Line; 1.1 milee southeast of Herberton (Willis Branch P. O.); authority, J. S. Cunningham; completed, July 26, 1913; elevation, 1771.72' L.
Thickness. Total.
Pt In. Ft. In.
Surface 20 0 20 0
Sandstone, hard 30 0 50 0
Slate 8 0 68 0
Fire clay 4 0 62 0
Sandstone, very hard, Harvey . . . 103 0 16S 0
Shale, dark, sandy 31 0 196 0
Sandstone, Guyandot 23 0 219 0
Shale, dark 30 0 249 0
Slate, black 14 0 263 0
Sandstone 7 0 270 0
Shale, dark 26 0 296 0
Slate, black 4 0 300 0
Slate, with coal spars 0 4 300 4
Coal, Sewell 4 7 304 11 304' 11"
Fire clay 2 1 307 0
Shale, dark 10 0 317 0
Sandstone, hard, Welch 24 0 341 0
Shale, dark 83 0 374 0
Sandstone, very hard, Upper Ra-
leigh 82 0 466 0
Coai. Little Raleigh 0 6 466 6 UVl"
Shale, dark 6 6 463 0
Shale, gray 16 0 479 0
Sandstone 6 0 484 0
Shale, sandy, dark. 8'0'
Sandstone 26 0
Sandstone, conglomerate 27 0
Sandstone 2 0
Sandstone, conglomerate 6 0
Sandstone 3 0
Sandstone, conglomerate, Qulnnlmont
62 0 617 0
Coal and bone, Fire Creek 0 10 617 10 161' 4"
Fireclay 2 2 620 0
Sandstone to bottom 6 0 626 0 7' 2*^
The above record, with the addition of some names for members, is as published on pages 316-17 of the Raleigh County Report.
Lower
Raleigh 71 0 666 0
WEST VIRGINIA GBOLOdCAL SURVEY. . 485
E. J. Berwind Coal Test Boring No. B-3 (No. 67 on Map II).
In FtayetteTiUe Distrtct, on Knob Branch, 1.4 miles N. SO*" £1 of Herberton (Willis Branch P. O.) and 0.5 mile north of F&yette^Uleigh County Line; authority, J. S. Cunningham; elevation, 1872.7<K L.
Thickneae. Total. Ft.
Sand and gravel 30
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall 34
Shale, with sandstone partings... 39
Slate 0
Coal, larger, "Hughea Ferry" 0
Fire clay 0
Shale, black 7
Shale, with sandstone partings ... 4
Sandstone, Middle larger 32
Slate 2
Shale, black 2
Slate 0
Coal, Lower larger 0
Shale , 1
Sandstone, hard, Harvey Conglom>
erate 55
Sandstone, harder, Quyandot .... 38
Shale, dark 34
Coal aiKft bone, Seweli "B" 0
Plre clay , 7
Sandstone 13
Shale, dark, sandy 19
Slate, black 34
Bone 0' 6" I Seweli "A" 1
Coal 10 5
Sandstone 4
Fire clay 6
Slate, black, Hartridge 13 #
Slate, black, with coal spars 1 11
Coal, Seweli 4
Fire clay, to bottom 2
The above record, with the addition of several names for members, is as published on pages 306-9 of the Raleigh County Report.
McKinley Land Company Coal Test Boring No. B
In Fayettevllle District, on Knob Branch 2.1 miles nearly due east from Herberton (Willis Branch P. C); authority, J. B. Laing; eleva* tion, 19SD.34' L. Thickness. Total
Ft In. Ft. In.
Casing 4 6 4 6
Shale , 1 0 5 6
Sandstone, very hard 2 0 7 6
Shale 1 6 9 0
Coal, Lower Douglas 0 6 9 6 9' 6"
Fire clay 1 0 10 6
In.
Ft. In.
0
0
2
4
6
2
10
2
2
4
1
8
5
0
2
0
0
4
6
0
0
8
6
«
5
S68 11
11
2
6
Thickness. Total. Ft In. Ft. In.
Sandstone, very hard 2 0 12 t
Shale 3 0 15 t
Sandstone, very hard 3 0 18 6
Shale, sandstone partings 17 0 35 6
Shale, blue 24 0 69 6
Slate 2 0 61 6
Coal, larger "B" 0 9 62 3 52' 9'
Fire clay 10 63 3
Shale 11 2 74 6
Sandstone, very
hard 17' 2" Lower
Sandstone 30 2 V NutUII . . 77 7 152 0
Shale, sandstone
partings 30 8
Fire clay Hughes Ferry Coal
horizon 1 0 153 0
Slate, black 2 0 155 0
Sandstone 19 5 174 5
Shale, black 14 175 9
Sandstone 21 0 196 9
Shale, black 15 3 212 0
Sandstone 9 2 221 2
Slate 2 0 223 2
Coal, Lower larger 13 224 5 162' 2'
Fireclay 10 226 6
Sandstone and shale 12' 2" 1 Harvey
Sandstone, very j-Con- 81 11 307 4
bard 69 9 J glomerate
Shale 2 0 309 4
Sandstone, very
Shale, sandstone
partings 53 10
Coal, Sewell "B" 0 3 370 3 145' 10'
Fire clay 2 10 373 1
Sandstone, shale
partings 7' 11"
Sandstone, very
hard 13 8
Sandstone, shale
partings 6 2
Shale, blue 15 3
Sandstone, very
hard 2 7
Shale, sandstone
partings 47 1
Slate, Hartridge 5 7 471 4
Coal, Sewell 16 472 9 102' 6'
Slate, fine coal partings 9 6 482 3
Fireclay 0 10 483 1
Shale, sandstone parting, to bottom 30 5 613 6 40' 9**
The above record, with the addition of several names for members, is as published on pages 315-16 of the Raleigh County Report.
Lower
Guyanctot. 92 8 465 9
West Virginia Geological Survey. 427
Davis, Fudge et al. Coal Test Boring No. 3 (No. 74 on Map II).
In Fftyetteville District, on branch of Paoka Branch; 2^ miles due west of Mt. H(n>e; authority. New River Co.; elevation, 1890' L.
Thickness. Total. Ft In. Ft In.
Surface, sand, and gravel 12 0 12 0
Slate, blue IS 0 27 0
Sandstone, Lower NutUil 48 0 70 0 70' 0"
Slate, blue 36 0 106 0
Sandstone, very hard 10 0 115 0
Shale, sandy 50 0 165 0
Sandstone, very hard, Harvey Conglomerate
35 0 200 0
Slate, blue 60 0 260 0
Sandstone, Quyandot, conglomerate 35 0 295 0
Slate, blue 20 0 315 0
Sandstone, Lower Quyandot 35 0 350 0
Slate, black, Hartridge 2 0 352 0
Coal, (badly mixed), Sewell 4 0 356 0 286' 0''
Fire clay, to bottom 2 0 3<58 0 2' 0"
The above record, with the addition of some names for members, is as published on page 311 of the Raleigh County Report.
Davis, i^udge et al. Coal Test Boring No. 2 (No. 75 on Map II).
In Fayettevllle District, on a south branch of Packs Branch, 0.6
mile south of Upper Packs Branch Schoolhouse; authority. New River Company; elevation, 2058.13' L.
Thicknese. Total.
Ft In. Ft. In.
Surface 25 0 25 0
Slate, blue 16 0 40 0
Sandstone, gray. Lower Dotaon ... 38 0 78 0
Coal, Lower Douglas 10 79 0 79' O''
Slate, dark 5 0 84 0
Sandstone, light. 11' 0'
Coal 0 4
Slate, dark 10 0
Sandstone 30 0
' Upper
Slate, blue '. 15 0 150 4
Fireclay 5 0 155 4 60' 0
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall 69 0 224 4
Slate, dark, Upper larger 19 0 243 4
Coal, larger, "Hughes Ferry" 0 8 244 0 88' 8
Sandstone, 1 Harvey
Sandstone
dark .... 28 0
Slate, dark 60 0 382 0
Shale, dark, sandy 70 0 452 0
ff
ff
TlLicknefts. Total. Ft In. Ft. In. Sandstone, light, Lower Guyandot 45 0 497 0
Coal amd bone r4"|
Sandstone, dark 6 0 Sewell 10 4 607 4 268' 4*^
Coal, to bottom 1 0
The above record, with the addition of several names for members and slight changes in correlation, is as published on pages 310-11 of the Raleigh County Report.
Davis, Fudge et al. Coal Test Boring No. 1 (No. 76 on Map II).
In Fayetteville District, in head of a south branch of Packs Branch, 0.9 mile south of Upper Packfi Branch Schoolhouse and 2.6 miles west of Mt. Hope; authority. New River Company; elevation, 1995.45' L.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Sand and gravel 9 0 9 0
Sandstone, light. 37' 0"
Slate, dark....... 21 0 Lower
Slate, ligbt 4 0 NuttalL. 118 0 122 0
Sandstone 20 0
Slate, dark 3 0
Sandstone 28 0
Shale, sandy ' 9 0 131 0
Slate, dark. Upper larger 24 0 155 0
Coal, larger, "Hughes Ferry" 0 10 155 10 155' 10"
Slate, light 62 0 217 10
Sandstone, Harvey Con|Honi»nte. . 20 0 237 10
Slate, dark 70 e 307 10
Coal, Castle 0 2 308 0 16U' iT
Sandstone. Guyandot 91 0 399 0
Slate, mixed with coal 16 0 415 0
Coal, bone, and slate 3' O'' 7 8ewell 3 8 418 8 110' 8"
Coal 0 8 C
Slate 4 0 422 8
Unrecorded 55 8 507 4
Slate, black 7 0 514 4
Sandstone, light. Upper Raleigh.. 80 0 544 4
Slate, dark 17 0 561 4 148' 8*
Coal, Little Raleigh 10 562 4
Fire clay 3 0 565 4
Sandstone, Lower Raleigh, porous,
micaceous 30 0 595 4
Slate, dark 10 0 605 4
Sandstone 4 0 609 4
Sandstone, conglomerate, to bottom 3 0 612 4
The above record, with the addition of several names for members, is as published on pages 309-310 of the Raleigh
West Virginia Geological Survey. 409
County Report. It exhibits in a striking manner the tendency of the Lower Nuttall Sandstone to lose its massive character southward as the northern border of Raleigh County is
approached.
The following is a very deep boring that was taken, with some slight changes, from pages 313-15 of the Raleigh County Report. It was used in obtaining the results indicated for one of the columns in the Sfewell Coal table of intervals published in Chapter III, page 89:
Plum Orchard Coal and Land Company Coal Test Boring
In Fayetteyille IMstrlct, on north bank of Packs Branch 2.3 miles N. W W. of Mt. Hope; authority, New River Collieries Oo.; elevation, 1842.16' L. Thicknesfi. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
iStand-pipe 13 9 13 9
Sandstone, gray, Harvey Conglomerate 46 1 59 10
Sandstone, gray, and slate 9*11 69 9
Slate and sand- ';
stone, mixed.. 11' 6" [ <3liryandot 79 2 148 11
Slate and sand- |
stone seams.. 67 9 J
CottI, Sewell "B" 0 9 149 8 149' 8"
Slate 2 6 152 2
Slate and sand«tone seaims 210 155 0
Sandstone, gray 6' 9"]
slate seams 34 0
Slate and sandstone seams 5 5 201 2
Slate, Hartridge 17 4 218 6
Coal O'l "
Sulphur 0 1
Coal 0 8
Coal 2 4
Slate 2 9
Slate 1 71/4
Coal 1 4%
Sandstone, dark, with slate seams. 6 7i/4 236 4
Slate 4 11 241 3
Sandstone, gray,
Sandstone, gray,
hard 114 3
Slate, sandy, Little Rale
Upper
Raleigh 148 11% 390 2iA
gh Coal
horizon 1 0 391 2%
mcknesB. Total.
Pt In. ¥*t. In.
Sandstone, gray, soft 6 0 396 2^
Sandstone, gray, and slate, mixed. 11 1 407 3 M:
Sandstone, gray, and slate, mixed 5 8^ 430 1
Sandstone, gray, with slate seams 42 6 472 7
Sandstone, gray 4 0 476 7
Slate 1 6 478 1
Coal and bone aeame. Buckley. ... 08 478 9 249' 0%"
Sandstone, gray, Quinnlmont 28 9H 507 6V&
Slate and shale, broken up 2 10 613 0^
Slate 14 4 639 4%
Coal, Fire Creek 1 4 640 8% 61' 11^4"
Sandstone, gray 6 10 647 6Mj
Slate, with seams of sandstone... 16 814 664 3
Slate 10 4Mi 574 7M'
Slate and sandstone, mixed 27 6^ 602 2
Sandstone, gray 12 0 614 2
Sandstone, gray, with seams of
slate and coal 22 6 636 8
Slate 1 2 637 10
Slate and sandstone, mixed 11 1 648 11
Slate with seams of coal 2 3 661 8^
Slate and fire olay. No. 7 Pooahontas
1 0 662 8% 122' y
Slate and sandstone 27 6 690 2%
Slate 1 0 691 2%
Fire clay. No. 6 Pocahontas 16 692 8)^ 30' 0*"
Slate and sandstone, mixed 6 6 699 2 1^
Slate 3 3 702 5%
Slate and sandstone, mixed 6 0 708 5^
Coal, No. 4 Pocahontas 0 2 708 7hk 16' ir
Slate, sandstone, and fire clay,
mixed 5 4 713 11 14
Slate and sandstone, mixed 16 1 730 0%
Sandstone, gray. Upper Pocahontas 32 9h^ 762 10
SUte 8 7% 771 514
Slate, spongy, with coal seams 0 3 771 S^^
Slate 0 8% 772 5.
Coal CIO ''1 No. 8
Slate 1 4^ IPocahonUs 2 6 774 11 66' SV^*"
Coal 0 8% J
Slate 0 7 776 6
Fireclay Oil 776 6
Slate, soft 0 10 777 3
Slate, with little sandstone seams. 29 1% 806 lOi^
Slate and Are clay 1 0 807 10%
Sandstone, soft, and fire clay 1 10 815 6
Sandstone, soft, base of Pottsvllle
Series 3 9 819 8
Shale, gray 7 4% 826 7%
West Virginia Geological Survey. 43I
Iliickiiess. Total.
Shale, gray, and sandstone, mixed. 4 9 840 6^
Shale, gray and red, mixed 2 6 845 6^
Shale, red, to bottom 12 5 857 10^^
In FayetteTille District, on Sugar Creek at Mt. Hope, Just % mile
northwest of mouth of Sugar Creek; authority, Enoch Smith; elevation, 1716' B.
Thickness. Total.
Pt. In. Ft. In.
Surface 25. 7 26 7
Slate 1 10% 39 7
Sandstone 0 10 40 5
Slate 0 3 40 8
Sandstone, hard, gray. Upper Ra.
lelgh 73 9 114 5
Slate 2 10 117 3
Sandstone, with streake of slate.. 3 7 120 10
Slate 1 7 122 5
Sandstone, fine- 1
grained 26' 7" I Lower
Slate 13 I Raleigh.. 65 7 188 0
Sandstone 37 9 J
Slate 11 11 199 11
Bone 0' 1" 1 Bcckley
Slate 0 2 [."Rider".. 15 201 4 201' 4"
Coal ,. 1 2
Slate .' 0 10 202 2
Sandstone 4 2 206 4
Slate, sandy 3 10 210 2
Slate, black 0 5 231 8%
Fireclay 0 8 233 8%
Sandstone and streaks of slate... 25 7 275 6
Slate and sulphur balls 17 0 292 6
Coal, Fire Creek 1 1 293 7 92' 3"
Fire clay 0 5 294 0
Fire clay or light slate 3 9 297 9
Sandstone, fine 2 5 300 2
Slate, sandy 4 1 304 3
Slate 9 6 " 314 2%
Fire clay and shale. Little Fire
Creek Coal horizon 1 9 315 11 V^ 22' 4%
Pineville 89 10% 3S6 10
Thickness. Total. Pt. In. Ft. In. Sandstone, fine. 2' 0 "'^ Sandstone, hard,
gray 6 1%
Sandstone and
streak of slate 32 9 J
Slate 2 9 368 7
Slate, light, sandy, with streaks of
sandstone
Sandstone and slate streaks.
Slate
Slate, streaks of sandstone. .
Slate
Slate, to bottom
The above record, with some slight changes in correlation and additions in names of members, is as published on pages 311-12 of the Raleigh County Report.
The 11 following detailed records are from borings located just across the line from Fayette in the northern edge of Raleigh County:
Price Hill Fuel Company Coal Test Boring No. 4
In Town District, Raleigh County, on head of Maple Pork; 0.8 mile west of Price Hill; authority, New River Company; comoleted, 1913; elevation, 2119' L.
Thicknese. Total. Pt. In. Pt. In.
Surface 3 6 3 6
Slate, soft 35 0 38 6
Sandstone, Lower Dotson 42 8 81 2
Coal, Lower Douglat 14 82 6 82' 6"
Slate 8 0 90 6
Sandstone 20' O'' 1 Lower
§late 18 0 iNuttaM.. 107 0 197 «
Slate, dark 19 0 |
Sandstone 60 0 J
Slate, dark 17
Coal, larger, "Hughes Ferry" 10 215 6 133' 0'
Sandstone, light 36 0
Shale, sandy 50 0
Slate, dark 77
Sandstone, light, Guyandot 40
Slate, blue 7
Sandstone, Lower Guyandot 37 0
Coal, Sewell 4 0 465 6 250' 0'
Plre clay, to bottom. 5
0
6
0
6
0
6
0
6
0
6
0
6
0
6
0
6
0
6
0
6
West Virginia Geological Survey. 433
The above record, with the addition of some names for members, is as published on pages 203-4 of the Raleigh County Report.
Price Hill Fuel Company Coal Test Boring No. 6
Town District, Raleigh County, on west side of Giles, Fayette and Kanawha Turnpike, 1^ miles S. 20** W. of Price Hill; authority. New River Company; completed, March 4, 1914; elevation, 2234.36' L.
Thickness. Total. Pt. In. Ft. In.
Surface 10
Clay 2 0
Sandstone 24
Sandstone and shale mixed, conglomerate 19
Shale 34
Shale and sandstone, mixed 8
Sandstone 37 0 f
Shale and sandstone.. 49 0 j
0
10
0
0
12
0
0
36
0
0
55
0
0
89
0
0
97
0
Harvey
Conglom. 96 0 355 0
erate
Sandstone, con* glomerate 51' 0"
Sandatone 2 0
Sandstone, conglomerate 26 0
Sandstone, hard.. 9 0
Sandstone, hard and conglomerate, mixed... 8 0
Shale, Sandy Huff 46 0 401 0
Sandstone, hard. 4'0"]
Sandstone, very |
hard 60 0 |
Sandstone, very hard, mixed with [ Guyandot 91 0 492 0
small seams of coal 20 0
Sandstone, very hard 5 0
Sandstone 2 0
Shale
Bone
Coal 0 2 [Sewell... 5 2 504 10 504' 10
Bone 0 8 f
Coal 4 2 J
Shale 29
Sandstone 6
Shale 2
8
8
2
10
2
i"
Coal And Coke.
• Upper Raleigh. 143
Thickness. Ft. In.
Sandstone, conglomerate 3' 0"
Sandstone, very hard 18 0
Sandstone, hard. 16 0
Shale 2 0
Sandstone, very hard 2 0
Sandstone, hard. 10 0
Sandstone, conglomerate, loose pebbles 6 0
Sandstone 86 4
Crevice '. 0 1
Coal, Little Raleigh 0 2
Sandstone, very hard I'S"
Sandstone 4 0
Sandstone, conglomerate ..... 2 0
Sandstone, very hard 15 0
Shale 3 0
Sandstone, very hard 12 0
Sandstone, conglomerate 2 0
Coal, Beckley 2 8
Sandstone, con-
Lower Raleigh.
Iff
Quinni- ' mont 104
glomerate ... 6' Sandstone, very
hard 7 0
Shale 18 0
Sandstone, very
hard 32 0
Sandstone, very
hard, impregnated with
small seams of
coal, A" thick 1 0 Sandstone, very
hard 39 10
Coal, Fire Creek 0
Fire clay 1
Shale 11
Shale, sandy 33 0
Sandstone, soft 43 0
Sandstone, medium-hard and broken 5 0 Shale, green and red, and soft
green sandstone 25 0
Sandstone, and shale, with coal
streaks 14 0
Sandstone and shale 30 0
Sandstone 4 0
Total. Ft. In.
6
4
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
West Virginia Geological Survey. 435
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Shale 2 2 1000 2
Sandstone and shale, to bottom. . . 16% 1002 1% r 6%"
The above record is as published on pages 205-7 of the Raleigh County Report.
Price Hill Fuel Company Coal Test Boring No. 9
In Town District, Raleigh County, on west side of Old Bluestone
Road, S. 13' W. 1.6 miles from Price Hill; authority. New River Company; completed. May 2, 1914; elevation, 2285.61' L.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Clay 12 0 12 0
Sandstone, Upper Nuttall, shale or
sandy shale 47 0 59 0
Sandstone IC O'' I Lower
Shale 63 0 Nuttall.. 110 0 169 0 169' 0"
Sandstone 87 0
Shale 19 0 188 0
Sandstone, conglomerate, Han/ey. 82 0 270 0
Shale, Sandy Huff 100 0 370 0
Sandstone. Guyandot 34 0 404 0
Male 10 0 414 0
Sandstone 1 0 415 0
Shale, sandy 16 0 431 0
Sandstone, Lower Guyandot 22 0 453 0
Shale, blue, HartridQe 2 0 455 0
Fire clay, to bottom 2 3 461 0 2' 3"
The above record, with the addition of some names for members, is as published on page 208 of the Raleigh County Report. Here, both the Upper Nuttall and Lower Nuttall .Sandstone ledges have largely lost their massive character that prevails northeastward in Fayette.
Harvey
Conglom. 26 0 403 0
Price Hill Fuel Company Coal Test Boring No. 7
In Town District, Raleigh County, on east side of Giles, £Viyette, and Kanawha Turnpike, 1.8 miles S. 30** W. of Price Hill; authority. New River Company; completed, March 23, 1914; elevation, 2348.67' L.
Thickness. Total. Pt. In. Ft In.
Clay 14 0 14 0
Sandstone, decom- 1 Upper
posed irO" I Nuttall.. 104 0 }18 0
Shale 53 0 f
Sandstone 32 0 J
Shale 26 0 144 0
Sandstone 58' 0" | Lower
Sandstone 32 0 j
Sandstone, with small streaks of coal (lacger) ,Jg" thick 5 0 282 0 282' (T
Sandstone and shale, mixed 95 0 377 0
Sandstone, conglomerate 18' 0^
Sandstone 8 0 J erate
Shale, Sandy Hufr 88 0 491 0
Sandstone, Guyandot 21 0 512 0 230' 0"
Sandstone and shale with sm&all seams of coaj (Seweli "B") in" thick 12 0 524 0
Sandstone and shale 35 0 559 0
Sandstone 17 0 576 0
Shale 1 0 577 0
Coal 4'0 ''1
Coal and bone, }. Seweli... 4 7^ 581 7\^ 69' 7^"
The above record, with some additional names for members, is as published on page 207 of the Raleigh County Report.
Russell Land Company Coal Test Boring No. 10
In Town District, Raleigh County, on north bank of Middle Fork of Sand Pork, of Paint Creek, 2 miles S. 50** W. of Price Hill; authority. New River Company; completed, May 18, 1914; elevation, 2126.22' L.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Pt In.
Clay and boulders 9
Quicksand and boulders 5
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall 101 0 115 0 115' 0"
Shale 21
Sandstone, Harvey Conglomerate.. 50
0
9
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
West Virginia Geological Survey. 437
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Pt. In.
Shale 20 0 206 0
Sandstone and sandy shale 34 0 240 0
Sandstone, conglomerate, Quyandot
60 0 300 0 186' 0"
Shale 86 0 386 0
Sandstone 10 0 396 0
Sandstone, with small seams of
Coal, Seweil 0 7 434 9 134' 9 '^
Shale 7 3 442 0
Sandstone 2 0 444 0
Shale, hard, to bottom 18 0 462 0
The above record, with some slight changes and additions, is as published on pages 250-1 of the Raleigh County Report.
E. J. Bcrwind Coal Test Boring No. B-6 (No. 85 on Map II).
In Town District, Raleigh County, at mouth of Maple Fork, 3% miles S. 70* W. of Price Hill; completed, August 23, 1909; elevation, 1866.41' L.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 25 0 25 0
Sandstone, very hard, Harvey Conglomerate 75 0 100 0
Shale, dark, sandy 6 0 106 0
Sandstone 5 0 111 0
Shale, dark 16 0 126 0
Fire clay. Cattle Coal horizon.... 10 127 0 127' 0'
Sandstone 8 0 135 0
Shale, dark 76 0 211 0
Slate, black 21 0 232 0.
Sandstone 16' 0" 1
Lower
Guyandot 35 4 267 4
iff
Hartridge 5 1 272 5
Slate, black 14 0
Sandstone 6 4
Slate 3' 4'
Slate, black 1 9
Coal, (core lost f Seweil... 3 10 276 3 149' 3"
Fire clay, black, to bottom 2 3 278 6 2' 3"
The above record, with some slight additions, is as published on page 249 of the Raleigh County Report.
Enoch Smith Coal Test Boring No. B-20 (No. 86 on Map II).
In Town District, Raleigh County, on Maple Pork, 3 miles S. 75* W.
of Price Hill; authority, J. 8. Cunningham; completed, June 20, 1912;
elevation, 2036.46' L.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. PL In.
Surface 13 0 13 0
Shale 1 0 14 0
Sandstone, Upper Nuttall 69 6 83 6
Slate, black 34 8 118 2
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall 47 2 166 4 166' 4"
Slate, black 18 6 183 10
Sandstone and shale 17 4 201 2
Sandstone, hard, Harvey 77 6 278 8
Shale, sandy 1 0 279 8
Shale, dark 9 6 289 2
Sandstone and shale 8 0 297 2
Slate, hlack 89 3 386 6
Sandstone 9 4 396 9
Shale, dark, sandy 13 397 0
Sandstone 10 398 0
Slate, black 17 6 415 6
Shale, dark, sandy 26 3 441 9
Shale, dark 2 6 444 3
Coal 2' 3 "
Coal, bony 0 1% Seweil . . 3 2 447 6 282' 1'
Coal, bony 0 3
Plre clay, hard, to bottom 6 0 463 5 6' 0"
The above record, with some slight changes, is as published on pages 215-16 of the Raleigh County Report.
Enoch Smith Coal Test Boring No. B-23 (No. 87 on Map II).
In Town District, Raleigh County, on Maple Pork of Sand Pork, 2.6 miles due west of Price Hill; authority J. S. Cunningham; completed, August 6, 1912; elevation, 2112.64' L..
Thickness. Total. m. In. Ft. In.
Surface 23 0 23 0
Shale, light, sandy 8 9 31 9
Shale, dark 4 3 36 0
SSiale, light 12 10 48 10
Shale, sandy 11 10 60 8
Sandstone, hard 47' 6" | Upper 122 1 182 9
Slate, black 36 11 219 8
Sandstone, hard. 46' 6" | Lower
Sandstone and V Nuttall... 61 0 270 8
shale 4 6
Shale, dark 16 2 286 10
Slate, black 3 6 289 4
West Virginia Geological Survey. 439
Thickness. Total. Ft In. Ft. In.
Harvey
Conglom- 83 10 373 2
erate
Sandstone and
shale 15' 0"
Sandstone, hard 61 10 Sandstone and
slate 7 0
Shale, sandy, dark '. 3 0 876 2
Sandstone and shale 8 2 384 4
Slate, black 74 10 459 2
Sandstone, Lower Guyandot 52 5 511 7
Slate, black, Hartridge 15 5 527 0
Fire clay, to bottom 2 11»4 537 0
The above record, with some slight changes and additions, is as published on pages 247-8 of the Raleigh County Report.
Enoch Smith Coal Test Boring No. B-19 (No. 88 on Map II).
In Town District, Raleigh County, % mile N. 15** W. of mouth of Maple Fork, 3.6 miles S. 70** W. of Price Hill; authority, J. S. Cun-' ningham; completed, June 3, 1912; elevation, 2073.33' L.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface ' 10 0 10 0
Sandstone, hard 30' 0"^ Upper
Shale, dark 0 6 V Nuttair. 52 6 62 6
Sandstone 22 0
Coal, bony, lacger 'B" 0 1 62 7 62' 7"
Sandstone 2' 0"
SCiale, dark 2 7
Sandstone 10
Sandstone, dark. 4 2
Sandstone 43 4
Shale, dark, sandy 1 0
Sandstone 19
Shale, variegated 3 6 121 11
Slate, black 41 3 163 2
Shale, dark, sandy 3 2 166 4
Coal, bony, Lower larger 0 2 166 6 103' 11'
Sandstone 35 11 202 5
Slate, black 1 3 203 8
Sandstone 3 3 206 11
Slate, black 11 0 217 11
Sandstone 16 9 234 8
Sandstone, hard, Harvey Conglomerate 85 5 320 1
Slate, black 0 11 321 0
Shale, dark, sandy 2 3 323 3
Slate, black 15 6 338 9
Shale, sandy 5 0 343 9
Lower
Nuttall. 55 10 118 5
Tliickness. Total.
Ft In. Ft. In.
Slate, black 2 0 345 9
Shale, light 2 9 348 6
Slate, black 78 10 427 4
Coal, Sewell "A" 0 6 427 10 261' 4"
Slate, black 1 0 428 10
Sandstone 19 1 447 11
Slate, black 6 10 454 9
Sandstone 1 8 456 5
Shale, sandy 23 10 480 3
Slate, black 0 3 480 6
Shale, dark, sandy 5 11 486 5
Shale, dark 2 0 488 5
Coal, Sewell 2 0 490 5 62*7"
Pire clay, hard 6 7 497 0
Shale, dark 14 9 511 9
Coal, ''split" off Sewell 0 8 512 5 22' 0"
Bone 0 10 513 3 .
Fire clay, black 0 5 513 8
Shale, dark, sandy 11 0 524 8
Shale, dark 34 10 559 6
Coal, Welch 0 2 559 8 47' 3"
Sandstone, hard, Upper Raleigh. . . 82 10 642 6
Coal, Little Raleigh "A" 0 8 643 2
Fire clay 5 10 649 0
Shale, dark, sandy 4 10 653 10
Slate, black 2 9 656 7
Coal, Little Raleigh "A" 0 3 656 10 97' 2"
Fire clay 4 6 661 4
Shale, dark 7 3 668 7
Coal, Little Raleigh 0 10 669 5
Shale, dark 6 4 678 4
Sandstone 9 0 687 4
Shale, dark, sandy 6 1 693 5
Slate, black... 4 1 697 6
Coal, Beckley "Rider" 12 698 8 41' 10"
Bone 2 0 700 8
Slate, black 8 11 709 7
Coal, Beckley 4 9 714 4 15' 8"
Slate and coal streaks 1 2 715 6
Slate and fire clay 1 7 717 1
Shale, dark, sandy 0 7 717 8
Sandstone, to bottom 5 9 723 5 9' 1"
The above record, with some minor changes in correlation and additions, is as published on pages 302-3 of the Raleigh County Report.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 44I
E. J. Bervdnd Coal Test Boring No. B-2 (No. 89 on Map II).
In Town District, Raleigh County, on north bank of Sims Branch,
3.3 miles due west of Price Hill; elevation 2003.22' L.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 6 0 6 0
Sandstone 10 0 16 0
Slate and fire clay 18 0 34 0
Sandstone, Lower Nuttall 55 0 89 0
Slate, dark 32 0 jiaeger... 47 0 136 0
Coal, larger, 'Hughes Ferry" 0 1 136 1 136' I''
Sandstone, very hard, Middle
larger 30 0 166 1
Shale and slate 47 0 213 1
Sandstone, Harvey Conglomerate. 67 6 280 7
Slate, black 17 5 298 0
Sandstone, hard 2 0 300 0
Slate, black 57 0 357 0
Sandstone, Lower Guyandot 31 0 388 0 251' 11"
Slate, black 25 0 413 0
Shale, black 0 4 5 Hartrldge 40 10 453 10
Coal 1' 2"
Slate, black 0 5
Coal 0 6
Slate, dark 5 11
Bone 0 4
Coal 0 10
Fire clay 3 2 466 1
Shale, sandstone partings 21 0 487 1
Slate and fire clay 5 0 492 1
Sandstone 6 9 498 10
Shale and sandstone partings 3 6 502 4
Sandstone, very hard. Upper Raleigh, to bottom .« 33 6 535 10
The above record, with changes in correlation and additional names for members, is as published on page 140 of the Raleigh County Report.
E. J. Bcrwind Coal Test Boring No. C (No. 90 on Map II).
In Town District, Raleigh County, on Sims Branch of Paint Creek, 0.9 mile southeast from Cirtsville P. O.; authority, J. S. Cunningham; completed, August, 1906; elevation, 1786.05' L.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 15 2 15 2
Sand, slate 6 2 21 4
Sewell... 9 1 462 11 74' 11'
Coal And Coke.
Thickness. Ft. In.
4" 4
1
7
0 i
1
Sandstone and
slate V
Sandstone 13
Sandstone, black
streaks 23
Sandstone 21
Sandstone and
slate 2
Sandstone 2 10
Sandstone and
slate 4 5
Sandstone 9 11 J
Slat©
Sandstone and
slate 6'r
Sand, slate 24 4
Sandstone ...... 16
Sandstone and
slate 18
Sandstone 5 9
Slate, sandy
Slate
Pire clay
Sandy slate
Sandstone and
slate 30 2
Sandy slate
Slate, Hartrldge
Coal ve
Slate and coal ... 1 1
Coal 4
Core lost 0
Coal and alate 1
Slate 7 4
Coal 15 I
Slate
Sandrock and sand slate Core left in hole
Harvey
Conglom- 78 6 erate
Lower
Quyandot 44 3
iff
vsewell.. 16 1
i
Total. Ft. In.
Quyandot 39 4 146 7
1
4
2
The above record, with some additional names for members, is as published on pages 202-3 of the Raleigh County Report.
Coal Test Boring Records, Sewell Mountain District.
In Sewell Mountain District a total of 35 borings have been sunk to test the coal beds, and of these the Survey was able to obtain the detailed logs for publication of only seven —
West Virginia Geological Survey. 443
Nos. 93, 93B, 93C, 93D, 111, 119, and 120 on Map II, the details of which are given below. The only information that is available for the others is that given in the Summarized Table of Coal Test Borings, pages 388B-388C. In this table permission was not g^ven to publish the thickness of the coal beds penetrated for Nos. 111-121 on Map II, listed for the New Kiver & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Company, with the exception of Nos. Ill, 119, and 120 on Map II. The four follow- Hng records of coal test borings in the northern border of Sewell Mountain District were kindly furnished the Survey by C. E. Krebs of Charleston, W. Va., the correlation of the coal beds being determined by the author :
Brackens Creek Coal & Land Company Coal Test Boring No.
In Sewell Mountain District, on waters of Brackens Creek, on hillside just southeast of road fork, 1.4 miles N. 75'' W. of Shelton Schoolhouse; by Brackens Creek Coal & Land Company, authority, with C. E. Krebs; completed in 1913; elevation, 2357' L.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In, Ft. In.
Surface 5 6 5 6
Sandstone 6' 7"
Shale, sandy.. . 0 8
Sandatone 27 7
Sand, shaly 0 11
Sandstone 15 3
Shale, blue, sandy ' 67 4 123 10
Shale, soft 12 125 0
Slate, coal partings, Sewell "A". . . 10 126 0 69' 6''
Sandstone, shale partings 8 9 134 9
Shale, sandy 5 6 140 3
Fire clay, bastard 5 1 146 4
Shale, sandy, blue 3 4 148 8
Sandstone 1 4 150 0
Shale, sandy 3 0 153 0
Sandstone 1 8 154 8
Shale, sandy 1 9 156 5
Sandstone 0 8 157 1
Shale, sandy 0 2 157 3
Sandstone 0 5 157 8
Shale, soft 0 2 157 10
Coal ri "
Shale, dark-«blue 38 1 ' 224 2
Shale, sandy 0 4 224 6
Guyandot 51 0 56 6 56' 6"
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Sandstone and
coal partings. 6' 7"
Shale, sandy — 6 6
Shale, black, and
coal partings. 5 11
Upper
Shale, sandy 28 0
Rai«igh . 85
Sandstone 6 4
Sandstone, coal
partings 14 8
Shale, sandy 17 8
7
0
9
6
3
2
5
3
8
Coal and slats, Little Raleigh 0 7 310 (9 151' 4\^
Stiale, sandy 20
Shale, blue 3
Slate and coal partings 0
Fire clay 1
Sandstone, Lower Raleigh, to bottom 29 4 365 0 54' 3"
Brackens Creek Coal & Land Company Coal Test Boring No.
In Sewell Mountain District, on a south branch of Brackens Creek, 1.8 miles S. 35° W, of Russellville ; by Brackens Creek Coal & Land Company, authority, with C. E. Krebs; elevation^ 2124' L.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 14 9
Sandstone, soft, and shale 24
Sandstone. Guyandot 13
Coal, Sewell "B" 0 6 52 9 52' 9
Fire clay 1
Shale, sandy 20
Shale, blue 17
Fire clay 1
Sandstone 5
Shale, blue 16
Shale, black 0 8
Shale, blue 0
Shale, black 1
Coal, Sewell "A" 0 4 118 9 66' 0
Shale, sandy 6
Shale, dark 16
Coal 0' 1 "1
Slate 0 1 ( Sewell... 2 5% 143 11% 25' 2i^
Coal 1 5 I
Shale, black 0
Sandstone, shaly, Welch 50
Coal and slate, Welch 0 8 195 8 51' 8V&
Shale, sandy 29
shale partings 3' 4" |- Raleigh. . 22 4 247 6 51' 10'
Sandstone 19 0
9
14
9
3
39
0
3
52
3
6
52
9
6
54
3
9
75
0
7
92
7
4
93
11
7
99
6
4
10
8
6
8
2
3
5
4
9
0
9
9
6
if
7
5V2
0
8
8
6
2
if*
-Guyandot 38 9 145 G
West Virginia Geological Survey. 445
Brackens Creek Coal & Land Company Coal Test Boring No.
In Sewell Mountain District, on a branch of Brackens CreeK, southeast of Hogpen Ridge, 0.9 mile N. 15** W. of Shelton Schoolhouse, and 2.6 miles N. 15° E. of ClifEtop; by Brackens Creek Goal & Land Company, authority, with C. E. Krebs; completed, January 9, 1913; elevation, 2345' L.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In, Ft. In.
Surface 12 4 12 4
Sandstone, Harvey Congfomerate. 61 2 73 6
Shale 10 6 84 0
Sandstone 2 1 86 1
Shale, dark 19 3 105 4
Coal, Caatie 0 2 105 6 105' 6'
Clay, bastard 13 106 9
Sandstone 6' 0"
Shale, sandy 4 0
Sandstone 0 10
Shale, candy 3 7
Sandstone 1 0
Shale, dark 1 0
Sandstone 3 9
Shale 0 5
Sandstone 18 2
Coal and bone, Sewell "B" 0 6 146 0 40' 6"
Fire clay , 2 0 148 0
Sandstone 4 0 152 0
Shale, sandy 17 2 169 2
Sandstone 4 0 173 2
Shale, dark 26 6 199 8
Sandstone 7 6 207 2
Shale, dark 16 10 224 0
Parting 0 8% I Sewell... 3 6% 227 6% 81' 6%"
Slate, to bottom 1 5% 229 0 1' 5%"
Brackens Creek Coal & Land Company Coal Test Boring No.
In Sewell Mountain District, on hillside 0.28 mile S. 45** W. from Shelton Schoolhouse and 1.75 miles northeast of ClifEtop; by Brackens Creek Coal & Land Company, authority, with C. E. Krebs; completed, December 24, 1912; elevation, 2431' L.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 12 11 12 11
Shale 14 6 27 5
Shale, sandy 36 0 63 5
Sandstone 10 6 73 11
Shale, dark 23 0 96 11
Thickness. Total. Ft In. Pt. In.
Sandstone 14 6 111 5
Shale, sandy 5 6 116 11
Shale, dark 35 0 151 11
Coal, bone, Sewell "A" 0 3 152 2 152^2"
Clay, bastard 5 0 157 2
Sandstone, Lower Guyandot 24 5 181 7
Coal, bone 0' 2")8ewell... 11 182 8 30^6''
Coal 0 11 C
Fire clay 2 6 185 2
Sandstone 12 0 197 2
Shale 32 10 230 0
Sandstone 20 0 250 0
Shale, sandy 10 0 260 0
Sand and shale 26 1 286 1
Bone 0 1 286 2
Sandstone and coal partings 4 6 290 8
Shale, sandy 9 4 300 0 117' 4"
The four coal test boring records given last above for the Brackens Creek region show that in this portion of Sewell Mountain District the Sewell Coal bed is somewhat thin and irregular and of doubtful worth, with the possible exception of No. 93C.
The three following records from borings in the same District are those mentioned on a preceding page in the paragraph immediately preceding the record of Boring No. 93 on Map II :
Coal Test Boring— No. Ill on Map II.
In Sewell Mountain District, on east bank of Laurel Creek, southeast of Pine Grove Schoolhouse, 2.7 miles S. 75'' E. of Landlsburg; No. 3 Beury, by New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Compcuiy: authority, J. S. Cunningham; elevation, 2545' L.
Thickness. Total. Pt, In. Ft. In.
Surface 10 0 10 0
Shale 10 0 20 0
Sandstone, Lower Raleigh 90 0 110 0
Slate 0 10 110 10
Slate 0 9 112 0
Shale 20 6 . mont 47 0 159 0
Sandstone 10 6
Sandstone and shale 16 0 175 0
Shale, Quinntmont 68 6 243 6
Coal, Fire Creek (2297' L.) 3 10 247 4 136' 1"
Sandstone 6 0 253 4
West Virginia Geological Survey. 447
TMckness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Shale 8 0 261 4
Coal, Little Fire Creek 1 0 262 4
Slate 2 0 264 4
Sandstone, Pineville 35 S 300 0 52' 8"
The above boring starts 125 feet below the outcrop of the Sewell Coal, the latter being operated for local domestic fuel In the surrounding hills. There is absolutely no doubt as to the correlation of the Fire Creek Coal in the record, so that the interval between the latter and the Sewell has increased to about 375 feet from 300 to 325 prevailing along the New River gorge below Thurmond.
Coal Test Boring— No. 119 on Map II.
In Sewell Mountain District on south bank of Glade Creek, 0.3 mile southeast of Plttman Schoolhouse and 1.0 mile north of Banese; No. 5, by New River and Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Company; authority, J. S. Cunningham; elevation, 2554' L.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Pt. In.
Surface 9 6 9 6
Shale, gray, sandy 18 6 28 0
Sandstone 14 9 42 9
Shale, gray 3 4 46 1
Slate 1 0 47 1
Bone, Little Raleigh Coal 0 7 47 8 47' 8"
Shale, gray 14 0 61 8
Sandstone 17' 5"!
Shale 0 9
Sandstone, conglomerate 42 4
Shale, soft, gray. 4 0
Sandstone 4 0 130 2
Shale, sandy 11 6 141 8
Shale, gray, with iron and sulphur 5 6 147 2
Slate 1 7 148 9
Shale 0 6 150 4
Shale, variegated 2 0 152 4
Shale, sandy 3 0 155 4
Shale, dark 6 0 161 4
Shale, sandy 3 0 164 4
Slate, gray 14 5 178 9
Shale, gray, sandy 18 6 197 3
Shale, gray 25' 0"!
Slate 0 6 I Quinni-
Slate, gray 47 4
Lower
Raleigh.. 64 6 126 2
Thickness. Total. Ft In, FL In.
Slate 15 4 286 1
Coal 3 4 5 Creek .. 3 5 289 6 139' S"*
Shale, gray, to bottom 2 0 291 6 S'O"
The above boring starts 70 feet below the top of the Upper Raleigh Sandstone cliff and 135 feet below the Sewell Coal, thus giving the interval between the base of the latter bed and that of the Fire Creek Coal a total of 425 feet, the maximum observed in the County. This represents an increase of 100 feet from that prevailing southwestward at Thurmond, a feature that is in direct opposition to the general southwestward and southeastward thickening of the several groups of the Pottsville Series in the southern two-thirds of West Virginia,
Coal Test Boring — No. 120 on Map II.
In Sewell Mountain District, on south bank of Smoky Branch at mouth of Sandy Creek, 1.0 mile northwest of Danese; No. 21, by New River and Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Company; authority, J. S. Cunningham; elevation, 2560.42' L.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Surface 7 0 7 0
Sandstone, Loyfer Raleigh 24 0 31 0
Shale, light and dark 4 6 »5 6
Shale, dark, sandy 12 6 48 0
Shale, dark 5 10 53 10
Coal and bone, Beckley (2506' L.) .07 54 5 54' 5"
Shale, light, and soapstone 2 7 57 0
Sandstone 24' 0"
Shale, dark sandy 11 8 Qulnnl-
Sandstone '. 11 2 |-.mont.. 91 10 148 10
Shale, dark, sandy. 14 2
Sandstone 30 10
Shale, dark, Qu inn infiont 61 6 210 4
Bone 0454 f(2346'L.).. 4 5% 214 9% 160' 4M{"
Coal 0 4 J
Soapstone, to bottom 0 2V2 215 0
The above boring starts 180 feet below the Sewell Coal and 110 to 120 feet below the top of the Upper Raleigh Sandstone.
The incomplete record of the New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Company Boring No. 19 — No. 112 on Map
VLATE XV. — View sbowlng Fayette Cuanty National Bank buHding a
Fayette V 111 e, constructed with stone obtained at local quarries
In Upper Nuttall Sandstone ledge.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 449
II— located in Sewell Mountain District, 4 miles S. 80° W. of Rainelle on the west bank of Glade Creek, 0.8 mile above the mouth of Rock Camp Branch, is published in Chapter IV in connection with the Sims Schoolhouse Section, page 204.
Coal Test Boring Records, Quinnimont District.
As shown in the Table of Coal Test Borings, page 388C, a total of 22 — Nos. 121-142 on Map II — have been completed in Quinnimont District, all by the New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Company, The author had access to the logs of all these borings but permission was not granted to publish the thickness of the coal beds encountered. The table last mentioned, however, gives considerable data concerning" them. The incomplete record of Boring No. 136 on Map II is published in Chapter IV in connection with the Walnut Flat Schoolhouse Section, page 217.
On the south side of New River from Quinnimont District in the edge of Raleigh County a series of coal test borings has been sunk that should give some light on the probable character and persistence of the coal beds in the former area, the detailed logs of which, as published in the Raleigh County Report, with the exception of some slight changes, arc as follows :
Huling et al. Coal Test Boring No. 5 (No. 143 on Map II).
In Shady Spring District, Raleigh County, on Smith Mountain,
one mile of Peai; authority, J. T. Lightner; from pages 299-300 of
Raleigh County Report; elevation, 2810' B.
Thickness. Total.
Clay, yellow , 5 6 5 6
Sandstone 34 9 40 3
Coai, No. 9 Pocahontas 0 3 40 6 40' 6''
Slate, gray, hard bands 30 3 70 9
Coal, No. 8 Pocahontas, slate partings 0 9 71 6 81' 0"
Slate 2 0 73 6
Slate, coal partings 1 6 75 0
Slate, sandy 11 0 86 0
Slate, gray, hard bands 6 6 92 6
Slate, black 2 6 95 0
Slate, sandy 6 9 101 9
Pt.
In.
9
6
5
11
0
9
3
0
9
9
7
4
8
0
0
0
6
6
6
0
6
6
0
4
0
4
8
0
9
9
4
1
Thickness. Total. Ft.
Sandstone 5
Slate, sandy 1
Sandstone 1
Slate, sandy 11
Slate, black 2 9 | Rift Shale 17
Coal, No. 7 Pocahontas 0 7 140 4 68' 10"
Slate, sandy 7
Slate, sandy, coal partlnigs 2
Sandstone 7
Slate, sandy 1
Slate, dark, mixed with coat 0
Slate, gray, sandy 7 10
Slate, dark, mixed with coal 3
Slate, gray, sandy 5
Slate, sandy 7
Slate, black, coal seams 0
Slate, hard, ! No. 6
gray bands.. 5 7 (Pocahontas. 6 2 190 3 49' 11"
Coal 0 3 J
Slate, sandy 13 3 203 6
Sandstone, hard bands 5 6 209 0
Slate, sandy 10 210 0
Slate, dark 3 0 213 0
Slate, gray, to bottom 2 0 215 0
Huling et al. Coal Test Boring No. 3 (No. 144 on Map II).
In Shady Spring District, Raleigh County, drilled by Huling et al.;
authority, J. T. Lightner; from pages 298-9 of Raleigh County Report;
elevation, 2805' B.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Pt. In.
Clay, yellow 6 0 6 0
Shale, blue 10 0 16 0
Sandstone 29 0 45 0
Slate, blue 4 0 49 0
Sandstone 24 10 73 10
Slate, gray » 0 2 74 0
Sandstone, dark 11 2 85 6
Slate, gray 11 4 96 10
Coal, Fire Creek 0 4 97 2 97' 2"
Slate 2 10 lOOi 0
Sandstone 10 101 0
Slate, gray 10 102 0
Sandstone 10 0 112 0
Slate 14 0 126 0
Slate, gray 15 4 141 4
Slate, black 0 10 142 2
Slate, gray 11 10 154 0
Slate, black 3 0 157 0
Slate, sandy 1 0 158 0
West Virginia Geological Survey. 45I
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Ft. In.
Slate, sandy, hard bands 9 6 167 6
Sandstone, hard 4 0 171 6
Slate, gray, sandy 3 6 175 0
Sandstone 10 0 185 0
Slate, gray * 2 0 187 0
Sandstone, hard 8 6 195 6
Slate 0 3 195 9
Sandstone 0 6 196 3
Coal, No. 8 Pocahontas 2 2 198 5 101' 3"
Sandstone to bottom 3 7 202 0
Huling et al. Coal Test Boring No. 7 (No. 145 on Map II).
In Shady Spring District, Raleigh County, on Redden Ridge. ^^ mile northwest of Pear; authority, J. T. Lightner; from page 801 of Raleigh County Report; elevation, 2795' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Clay, yellow 15 0 15 0
Shale, sandy 6 0 21 0
Sandstone, hard 67 3 88 3
Coal, Fire Creek 0 7 88 10 88' 10"
Shale 1 9 90 7
Shale, sandy 18 6 109 0
Sihale, black 10 110 0
Shale, gray 2 0 112 0
Shale, sandy 24 0 136 0
Shale, gray 12 4 148 4
Shale, black 2 0 150 4
Coal, and black slate, mixed, No.
9 Pocahontas 1 0 151 4 62' 6"
Slate, black 2 2 153 6
Slate, sandy 3 6 157 0
Sandstone 13* 0 170 0
Slate, blue 2 0 172 0
Slate^ with bands of sandstone. .. 14 0 186 0
Slate* sandy 11 0 197 0
Slate, brown, hard bands 21 0 218 0
Sandstone, dark 34 6 252 6
Slate, dark, hard bands 2 6 255 0
Sandstone 2 0 257 0
Slate, hard bands 3 0 260 0
Coal, No. 6 Pocahontas 0 2 260 2 108' 10"
Slate, dark, hard bands ,... 8 10 269 0
Slate, gray 8 0 277 0
Slate, black 1 3 278 3
Coal, No. 6 Pocahontas 11 279 4 19' 2'
Fireclay 0 8 280 0
Slate, sandy, to bottom 3 0 283 0
t"
Huling et al. Coal Test Boring No. 2 (No. 146 on Map II).
In Shady Spring District, Raleigh County, on Redden Ridge, 0.4 mile south of Plumley Knob and 2 miles southeast of Glade Station; authority, J. T. Lightner; from pages 297-8 of Raleigh County Report; elevation, 2830' B.
Thickness. Total.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
Clay, yellow 15 0 15 0
Sandstone, shale
Sandstone, coal
partings 9 0
Sandstone, hard. 36 0
8late, co«l partings^ Little Raleigh 10 79 0 79' O''
Slate, sandy 5 0 84 0
Sandstone, slate partings 18 0 102 0
Sandstone, Lower Raleigh 63 0 165 0
Slate, sandy 18 166 8
Coal, Beckley? 0 4 167 0 88' 0"
Sandstone, dark 10 0 177 0
Sandstone, hard, white 2 0 179 0
Slate, dark 4 0 183 0
Slate, black 1 0 184 0
Slate, gray.. 10 0 194 0
Slate, black, hard partings 1 0 195 0
Slate 3 0 198 0
Slate, black 1 5 199 5
Coal, Fire Creek (2627' B.) 4 3 203 8 36' 8"
Slate, dark 5 4 209 0
Slate, light, sandy 16 0 225 0
Slate* sandy 2 0 227 0
Sandstone- 35 0 262 0
Slate, dark 2 0 264 0
Coal, Little Fire Creek 0 3 264 3 60*7''
Fireclay 19 266 0
Slate 4 0 270 0
Slate, black 10 271 0
Sandstone 7 0 278 0
Slate, light, dark bands 10 0 288 0
Slate, black 2 3 290 3
Coal 1'8"1
Coal 0 3 J Pocahontas. 4 7 294 10 30' 7"
Slate, dark, to bottom' 4 2 299 0
k"
West Virginia Geological Survey. 453
Huling et al. Coal Test Boring No. 4 (No. 147 on Map II).
In Shady Spring District, Raleigh County, on north end of Redden Ridge, 1.5 miles southeast of Glade Station; authority, J. T. Light ner; from page 299 of Raleigh County Report; elevation, 2755' B.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Pt. In.
Soil 3 0 3 0
Sandstone, hard, Lower Raleigh.. 50 0 53 0
Coal, Beckley 10 54 0 540'
Slate, brown 3 0 57 0
Slate, blue, coal partings 5 6 62 6
Slate, blue, hard bands 18 0 80 6
Slate, black 2 6 83 0
Slate, gray 7 0 90 0
Sandstone 21 0 111 0
Sandstone, occasional coal partings 35 6 146 6 *
Slate, blue 0 6 147 0
Slate, dark 2 7 149 7
Coal, Fire Creek 5 0 154 7 100' T
Fire clay, to bottom 1 5 156 0
Huling et al. Coal Test Boring No. 1 (No. 148 on Map II).
In Shady Spring District, Raleigh County, on east side of Glade Creek, 1.25 miles southeast of Qlade Station; authority, J. T. Lightner; from pages 296-7 of Raleigh County Report; elevation, 2760' B.
Thickness. Total. B*t. In. Ft. In.
Clay, yellow.. 4 0 4 0
Sandstone, Lower Raleigh 51 0 55 0
Slate 3 0 58 0
Sandstone 4 0 62 0
Slate 3 0 65 0
Sandstone 2 6 67 6
Slate 5 0 72 6
Coal, Beckley 11 73 7 73' 7"
Sandstone, coal partings 6 5 80 0
Slate, sandy. 25 0 105 0
Slate, dark 25 0 130 0
Sandstone 3 2 133 2
Coal 0 1 133 3 59' 8 "
Sandstone 8 9 142 0
Shale 0 6 142 6
Sandstone 4 6 147 0
Slate, sandstone seams 3 0 150 0
Slate, sandy and sandstone partings 18 0 168 0
Sandstone, hard bands 9 0 177 0
Sandstone 2 0 179 0
Coal, FlPc Creek...; 0 10 179 10 46' 7'
Slate 18 2 198 0
Sandstone 20 0 218 0
Sandstone, coal partings, No. 9
Pocahontas 19 0 237 0
Thickness. Pt In.
Slate, dark 20 2
Coal, No. 7 Pocahontas 1 0
Slate, black 0 4
Slate, sandy, with sandstone bands 26 6
Slate, light 6 0
Slate, dark, mixed with coal 1 0
Plre clay 0 9
Coal 0' r
Slate 0 2
Slate, black.. 0 5
Coal 1 2
No. 6
Slate, black... 0 10
Pocahontas.
Coal 1 8
9
Slate, black... 1 0
Coal 0 2
Slate, black.. 1 0
Coal 0 6
Sandstone, to bottom.
Total. Pt in.
Huling et al. Coal Test Boring No. 6 (No. 149 on Map II).
In Shady Spring District. Raleigh County, 1.35 miles southeast of Glade Station; authority, J. T. Lightner; from page 300 of Raleigh County Report; elevation, 2800' B.
Thickness. Total. B*t. In. Pt. In.
Clay 5 0
Sandstone, shale 1 Upper
parUngs 4' O'' V Raleigh . . 44 4
Sandstone 40 4 J
Coal, Little Raleigh "A'' 0 3
Slate, sandy 13 2
Coal, Little Raleigh 0 4
Slate, sandy 9 11
Sandstone 2 0
Slate, sandy, sandstone, bands ... 17 0
Slate, sandy 8 0
Sandstone 35' 0"
Lower Raleigh.. 46 0
5
0
49
4
49
7
62
9
63
1
73
0
75
0
92
0
0
Sandstone, conglomerate 2 0
Sandstone 7 0
Slate, black 1 0
Coal 0 3
Slate '. 11 0
Coal O'l"
Slate 0 2 Deckley. 0 9
Coal 0 6 J
Slate 4 0
Slate, sandy 3rO"iQuinni.
Coal, small shale partings, Fire Creek 2 7
Slate, sandy, to bottom 1 5
West Virginia Geological Survey. 455
New River Collieries Company Coal Test Boring No. 2
In Shady Spring District, Raleigh County, at Grandvlew; authority, New River Collieries Com|pany; from pages 24-5 of Volume 11(A) and pags 296 of Raleigh County Report; elevation, 2509' L.
Thickness. Total. Ft. In. Pt. In.
Surface 2 3 2 3
Sandstone, Upper Raleigh... 60 0 62 3
Coal, Little Raleigh 0 4 62 7 62' 7"
Fire clay : 6 6 69 1
Slate and fire clay 13 70 4
Sandstone 17' 11"
Slate, sandy 2 10 Lower
Slate, sandy 2 9
Sandstone 17 7
Slate 1 0
Coal, Beckley 0 10 165 2 102' 7
Fire clay and bastard limestone. . . 5
Slate, sandy 12
Sandstone and sandy slate 12 0
Slate 1
Shale, green, sandy 5
Sandstone 11
Shale, green, and sandy slate 1
Sandstone and sandy slate 18
Sandy slate and sandstone 23
Slate, sandy 1
Slate 10 11
Coal, Fire Crccl< 2 4 282 1 116' 11
Fire clay 8
Sandstone 30
Coal, Little Fire Creel< 0 6 321 9 39' 8"
Slate and sand- 1
stone... 9'4" I PIncvilie 20 6 342 2 20' 6"
Sandstone and slate, to bottom 11 2
The detailed log of the Royal No. 1 Coal Test Boring — No. 150 on Map II — located in the northern edge of Raleigh County, 1.4 miles due south of Royal, just on the west side of the second-class road, is published in Chapter !V in connection with the Grandview-Royal Section, pages 209-10.
Minable Coals Of The Allegheny Series.
As shown in Figure 3, page 386, only two coal beds of the Allegheny Series appear to attain mrnable dimensions and' purity; viz, the Middle Kittanning (''North Coalburg") andl
0
2
9
11
7
6
0
6
0
6
3
9
9
6
8
2
6
7
7
2
8
10
1
9
4
1
5
6
9
3
6
9
the No. S Block (Lower Kirianning). These will now be discussed in descending order .
The Middle Kittanning (''North Coalburg") Coal.
The Middle Kittanning ("North Coalburg") Coal, described briefly in Chapter V, page 226-7, attains minable dimensions apparently throughout its entire area in Fayette as exhibited on Figure 5. The latter shows it confined to the western portion of the County in Falls and Kanawha Districts. It has been prospected considerably in the former area and mined commercially at a single operation in the latter. Like the No. 5 Block bed, 60 to 90 feet lower in the measures, it has a great reputation as a steam and domestic fuel; in fact it is very similar in chemical composition and calorific value as shown by the following average results taken from page 775 of the Braxton-Clay Report of the State Survey :
Proximate. Ultimate.
Per cent. Per cent.
Moisture 2.39 Carbon 78.51
Volatile Matter 36.23 Hydrogen 4.77
Fixed Carbon 54.72 Oxygen 8.15
Ash 6.66 Nitrogen 1.14
Sulphur 0.77
Total 100.00 Aflh 6.66
Sulphur 0.77
Phosphorus 0.007 Total 100.00
Calorimeter B. T. U. per lb 13 646
Calculated B. T. U. per lb 13.773
Carbon, divided by oxygen plus ash, equals 5.66, or fuel ratio.
Kanawha District.
In Kanawha District, the Middle Kittanning (North Coalburg) Coal is confined to several scattered areas near the ridge summits in the northwest half, as shown on Figure 5. The following commercial mine, examined by the author, is the only one on this bed in the County and is the only opening on it examined in the District:
W. R. Johnson "Crescent" Mine — No. 1 on Map II.
On south hillside of Kanawha River, at Crescent; Middle Kittanning (No. 6 Blocic) Coal; elevation, 1560' B.
Feet Inches. Sandstone, roof (no draw slate) coarse, grayish*
white, pebbles not abundant, visible 15 0
Coal, splint, 6" to 0' 8"
Bone 0 2
Coal, splint 2 7
Coal, gas, medium-softt 0 8 4 1
Interval to No. 5 Block Coal, reported by Vernon Ware, a miner, in a boring sunk to drain the No. 6 Block (Middle Kittanning) 50 0
"19 miners employed, including 2 drivers and 4 outside men; total, 23 men. Output about 90 short tons; shipped east to Richmond and Newport News, Virginia, for steam, C. & O. Railway, mostly; men claim best ever used in locomotives; authority for mine data, Thomas Pierce, Foreman. Mined with picks in bottom gas coal, but shoot mostly off the solid. Many breaks and drops of sandstone roof on account of No. 5 Block Coal being mined out."
The stratigraphic position of the coal at the above-mine is exhibited in the Crescent Section, published in Chapter IV, page 144.
Falls District.
In Falls District, the Middle Kittanning (North Coal-burg) Coal is represented by several scattered areas near the ridge summits in the western half, as shown on Figure 5. Here it has never been mined commercially but it has been prospected considerably along the dividing ridge between the waters of Smithers Creek and Gauley River. The six following openings on it were examined by Teets :
John Oiler Coal Opening — No. 266 on Map II.
On south hillside of Bells Creek, 1.8 miles northwest of Dixie; Middle Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1390' B.
Feet, Inches.
Sandstone, massive, coarse-grained, visible 10 0
Coal, gray splint 2' 3"
Bone 0 6
Coal 0 9
Slate 0 2
West Virginia Geological Survey. 459
The stratigraphic position of the bed at the above opening is exhibited in the House Branch of Bells Creek Section, published in Chapter IV, page 136. The latter shows it belonging about 80 feet below the Upper Kittanning ("Queen Shoals") Coal and 135 to 140 feet above the Kanawha Black Flint.
Charles Flint Coal Opening— No. 267 on Map II.
On head of Smith Branch of Bells Creek, 2 miles northwest of Belva; Middle Kittanning Coal; elevaUon, 1525' B.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained, visible 30 0
Coal, crappy 1' 1"
Slate, black 0 1
Coal, crappy 0 9
Slate, black 0 1
Coal, visible 0 6 2 6
Concealed by water.
The above opening belongs 160 feet above the crop of the Kanawha Black Flint at an exposure in the hill road, less than one-fourth mile northeastward.
Alexander Wiseman Coal Opening — No. 268 on Map II.
On head of Smithers Creek, 2.4 miles N. 75° W. of Belva; Middle Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1500' B.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, massive, visible 5 0
Coal, splint 2' 2"
Bone 0 4
Coal, splint 0 8
Slate 0 1
John Tucker Coal Opening — No. 269 on Map II.
On head of Smithers Creek, % mile south of No. 268; Middle Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1550' B.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, massive
Coal 2' 0"
Bone 0 6
Coal 0 8
Slate 0 3
Alexander Doner Coal Opening — No. 270 on Map II.
On Pack Branch of Smithers Creek. 2 miles N. 85"* W. of BelTa; Middle KIttanning Coal; elevation, 1590' B.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone
Coal, splint 0 9
Bone 0 5
Coal, splint 0 9
Slate 0 2
W. L. Chapman Coal Opening — No. 271 on Map II.
On east hillside of House Branch, 0.8 mile northeast of No. 268; Middle KIttanning Coal; elevation, 1470' B.
Feet Inches.
Bone 0 5
Coal 0 9
Slate 0 1
All the foregoing openings belong just above the great East Lynn Sandstone ledge, 75 to 80 feet above the No. 5 Block Coal, and 140 to 160 feet above the Kanawha Black Flint, the latter member being in typical development in this region.
Available.
Based on all the evidence gathered as regards this bed and a planimetric determination of the area by A. M. Hagan from Map II as limited on Figure 5, the following estimate is made by the author for the amount of Middle Kittanning (North Coalburg) Coal in Fayette County:
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Probable Amount of Middle Kittanning (''North Coalburg'')
Coal.
V
a>
fa
•0
9
1
District.
isum
Is
Co
0
0
fa's 0 0
"1
Go
:bo
Co
Qo
§0
Falls
4
Kanawha
4
1
Totals for County
1
•
No. 5 Block— Lower Kittanning Coal.
The No. 5 Block — Lower Kittanning Coal, described briefly in Chapter V, pages 228-9, appears to attain minable dimensions practically throughout the region of its occurrence >n Fayette, being confined to the northwest portion of the County as exhibited on Figure 6 and Map II, the latter showing its detailed outcrop. It will now be discussed by magisterial districts.
Falls District.
In Falls District, the No. 5 Block — Lower Kittanning Coal is confined to near the ridge summits in the western half. Its stratigraphical position is shown in the sections published in Chapter IV for Cannelton, and Harewood, pages 119 and 124, respectively. The two following openings in this District were examined by Teets :
Kanawha & Hocking Coal & Coke Company (Abandoned)
Coal Opening — No. 2 on Map II.
Located % mile north of Harewood; No. 5 Block — Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1675' B.
Feet. Inches. Coal, opening abandoned, fallen shut, reported.. 5 0
At the above opening this bed belongs only 62 feet above the Kanawha Black Flint, as exhibited in the Harewood — J4 Mile North Section, published in Chapter IV, page 124.
Coal And Coke.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 463
A. P. Holdren Coal Opening — No. 272 on Map II.
Located 0.8 mile northeast of Marting near hill road; No. 5 Block — Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1650' B.
Feet Inches.
Coal, opening fallen shut, reported 5 0
Interval to Kanawha Black Flint 76 0
The above opening belongs only 75 feet above the crop of the Kanawha Black Flint, as opposed to double this interval above the latter stratum for the Middle Kittanning (North Coalburg) bed prevailing two miles northward at Openings Nos. 266-270 on Map II, described on preceding pages.
Mountain Cove District.
In Mountain Cove, the No. 5 Block — Lower Kittanning Coal is confined to a small patch of about SO acres in the northern edge of the District, as exhibited on Map II and Figure 6. No openings were observed on it but its stratigraphic position here is exhibited in the Ansted — Hawks Nest Section, published in Chapter IV, page 170.
Kanawha District.
In Kanawha, the No. 5 Block — Lower Kittanning Coal has been mined extensively on a commercial scale, its outcrop being confined high up near the ridge summits as shown on Map II and Figure 6. Its thickness and stratigrai)hic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Crescent, Morris Creek, Schuyler Fork, Eagle — J4 Mile South, Mt. Carbon, Powellton, and Kingston, pages 144, 146, 146, 146, 147, 158, and 166, respectively. The eight following mines on this bed in Kanawha District were examined by the author :
On southwest hilside of Kanawha River, at Crescent; No. 6 Blo«k- Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1490' B.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, medium-grained, visible 16 0
Shale, dark and buff, sandy, 6' 0" to 8 0
Coal, left up 1' 0"
Slate 0 3
Coal 0 11
Slate 0 1
Coal, block 6 2 7 5
The coal has all been mined out at this opening and the old workings are being used as a drainway for Mine No. 1 in the Middle Kittanning— "No. 6 Block" Coal 60 feet above.
The section of the coal as given above is as measured by A. P. Brady and previously published by I. C. White in Volume II, page 320, and Volume 11 (A), pages 527-8, of the Survey, and the analysis of a sample collected at this mine as I'Ublished in the citations mentioned is given under No. 3 in Table 1 of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. Its stratigraphic position with respect to the Middle Kittanning — North Coalburg Coal and the Kanawha Black Flint is exhibited in the Crescent Section in Chapter IV, page 144.
On southwest hillside of Kanawha River, H mile northwest of Eagle; No. 5 Block — Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1639' L*.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone
Coal 0 3
Slate, 10' 0" to 20 0
Coal, gas r 7 "
Coal, black 5 10 ... 7 6%
The section of the coal as given above is as measured by A. P. Brady and previously published by I. C. White in Volume II, page 319, and Volume 11(A), page 527, of the Survey, and the analysis of a sample collected at this mine as published in the citations mentioned is given under No. 4 in Table 1 of coal analyses by the West Virginia Geological Survey at the end of this Chapter. The slate parting that usually separates
West Virginia Geological Survey. 465
the two main benches of the No. 5 Block bed in this region occurs near the top, while for the Middle Kittanning — North Coalburg Coal the opposite is true, the slate parting between the two main benches belonging near the bottom, as shown in the sections for the latter seam on preceding pages of this Chapter at Openings Nos. 266-270 on Map II.
Mecca Colliery Co. Mine — No. 5 on Map II.
On east side of Morris Creek, 0.4 mile southeast of Don wood; No. 5 Block — Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1575' B.
Feet Inches.
3. Coal, splint 0' 9 "
4. Black band iron ore, hard on picks 0 1
"Butts, N. gl** E.; faces, S. 9*^ E.; greatest rise, S. 40«* E.; mine rapacity, 550 tons; men employed, 75; coal shipped east and west for steam and domestic purposes; sample collected from Nos. 3, 5, 6, and 7."
The section of the coal as given above is as previously measured by the author and published by I. C. White in Volume 11(A), pages 540-1, of the Survey, the analysis of the sample collected being published on page 528, in table No. 9, under No. 17, and republished in Bulletin 2, page 297, under No. 17. This analysis is republished under No. 5 in Table 1 of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. This mine has been closed down for 3 years. The wire cable is still on drum and incline. The mine was formerly operated by Carver Brothers. The stratigraphic position of the coal is exhibited in the Schuyler Fork Section in Chapter IV, page 146.
Eureka Coal Company Mine No. lA — No. 6 on Map II.
On east side of Morris Creek, % mile south of Donwood; No. 5 Block — Lower KIttannfng Coal; elevation, 1590' B.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone
Draw slate 0 6
Coal, hard, block 0' SW'
Slate 0 1
Coal, hard, block 4 0
Coal, gas 0 10 ... 5 7%
The section of the coal as given above is as previously measured by A. P. Brady and published by I. C. White in Volume II, page 320, and Volume 11(A), page 528, and the analysis of the sample collected at this mine as analyzed by Prof. Hite and published in the citations mentioned is given under No. 6 in Table 1 of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. At the time the mine was sampled it was being operated by the Davis Gordon Company.
The author also measured a section of the coal at this mine in 1907 and sampled the same, as published by Dr. White on page 541 of Volume 11(A), the analysis being published under No. 18 in table No. 9 on page 528 and republished under No. 18 on page 298 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, as follows :
Feet. Inches.
2. Slate, "draw," thin streaks of ooal, 1" to 2 0
3. Coal, slaty, 2" to 0' 5"
6. Coal, gray splint, hard 1 0
7. Coal, seml-spltnt, with 4" gas
coal at bottom 1 1
10. Coal, gas, reported by Mr. Hansford 0 4 7 1
11. Sandstone, massive and concealed 65 0
"Butts, B. 60" E.; faces, N. SO** E.; greatest rise, S. 36 •* B.; mine capacity, 330 tons; men employed, 63; coal shipped east and west and south for steam and domestic purposes; authority for miine data, Morris Hansford, Superintendent; sample from Nos. 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8.**
The above mine at the time of the writer's first visit in 1907 was being operated by the Eureka Colliery Company;
West Virginia Geological Survey. 467
subsequently by the Morris Creek Coal Co., and now by The Eureka Coal Company. The analysis of this sample is also given under No. 6 in Table 1 of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Eureka Coal Co. Mine No. 5 — No. 7 on Map II.
On Morris Creek and County Line, 1% miles south of Don wood; No. 5 Block — Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1615' D.
Feet. Inches. Sandstone, massive, coarse, brown, making cliff,
no pebbles seen 30 0
Concealed 10 0
Sandstone, grayish-white, making cliff, no pebbles seen. Upper East Lynn 75 0
Concealed 25 0
Sandstone, grayish-white, making cliff, East Lynn 60 0
Coal, No. 5 Block 5 0
Interval to Kanawha Black Flint 70 0
The following section was measured at the entrance of the above mine, which started operations in July, 1915:
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, grayisli-white, cliff, Eaat Lynn 50 0
Slate, black, 6' 0" to 0 0
Coal, splint, hard 2' 3"
Coal, gas 0 2
Coal, splint, hard 2 1
St. Clair Coal & Mining Co. (Archer) Mine— No. 8 on Map II.
On flouthwest hillside of Kanawha River, opposite Harewood; No. 5 Block — Lower Kittanning Coal; elevation, 1725' B.
Feet Inches.
Slate, draw 0 6
Coal, splint 1' 6"
Slate, dark-gray 0 2
Coal.. 3 7 6 3
Slate
"'Output, 250 short tons daily, 9 hours; employ 30 men inside and outside; mule haulage; ship mostly east; lump for domestic fuel; nut and slack shipped for steam purposes; incline Is 2300 feet long; authority for mine data, E. Forbes, Foreman."
The above section was given the writer by R. R. Barton, Engineer for Boomer Coal & Coke Co., which has operated
this mine since 1916 under the name mentioned above. This mine was opened in 1911 by the St. Clair Colliery Company. The following section was measured by the author at the
above mine :
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone 15 0
Shale, dark, sandy, 4' 0'' to 5 0
Sandstone 5 0
Shale, black, plant fossils abundant 2 0
Coal, gas, medium-hard 1' 2"
Coal, splint, hard 0 8
Bone 0 1
Coal, splint, hard 3 0
Coal, gas, medium-hard, (sandstone, hard, pavement) 0 8 No. 5 Block 5 7
The stratigraphic position of the coal at the above opening is exhibited in the Eagle — J4 Mile South Section in Chapter IV, page 146.
Map II.
On east hillside of Armstrong Creek, M; mile southeast of Kimberly; No. 5 Block^Lower KittanniVig Coal; elevation, 2060' B.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone
Coal r 4"
Fire clay '. 0 4
Coal, block 0 8
Slate, trace
Coal, block 6 0 8 4
The section of the coal as given above is as measured by A. P. Brady and previously published by I. C. White in Volume II, page 319, and Volume 11(A), pages S26-7, and the analysis of a sample collected at this mine, as reported by Prof. Hite, in the citations noted above, is republished under No. 9 in Table 1 of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. The coal was mined out and the mine abandoned 15 to 20 years ago.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
TA. B. Coal & Coke Co. (Columbia) Mine— No. 10 on Map II.
On west hillside of Armstrong Greek, 1^ mile west of Columbia; Mo. 5 Block — Lower KIttanning Coal; elevation, 1865' B.
Feet. Inches.
4. Coal and slate, interlaminated . . . 1 0 6. Shale, gray 0 2
"Output, 200 short tons per day of 9 hours; men employed, inside and outside, about 40; main oflice, Charleston, W. Va.
tf
This mine was opened by the present operating company about 1907. Mr. Samuel Blithers, drum runner, says that No. 4 of section reaches 9 feet of gray slate with 1 foot of good coal above and Nos. 6 and 7 remain normal, about 6 feet in thickness. The position of the bed is shown in the Columbia Section, page 152.
Qaantity of No. 5 Block (Lower Kittanning) Coal Available.
Based on all the evidence gathered in the field and a planimetric determination of the area by A. M. Hagan from Map II, as limited on Figure 6, the following estimate is made by the author for the amount of No. 5 Block (Lower Kiti inning) Coal available in Fayette County:
Probable Amount of No. 5 Block Coal.
District.
Falls
Mountain Cove, Kanawha
Totals for County,
Ccal Feet.
m
Co
0
a>
•
tn »5j
a
h
a
Q>
•X Oq
3
U*
o
c
JS o CQ
Minable Coals Of The Kanawha Group,
Pottsville Series.
As shown on Figure 3, page 386, there are 14 different coal beds of the Kanawha Group of the Pottsville Series that appear to attain minable dimensions and regularity in Fayette County; viz, Stockton, Coalburg, Winifrede, Chilton, Cedar Grove, Alma, Peerless, No. 2 Gas, Powellton, Eagle, Little Eagle, Glenalum Tunnel, Gilbert, and Douglas in descending order. These will be further discussed in the order given.
The Stockton Coal.
■ The Stockton Coal, described briefly in Chapter VI, pages 234-235, apparently attains minable dimensions and regularity practically throughout the entire area of its occurrence, . as exhibited on Figure 7, page 472. The latter shows it confined to several scattered patches near the ridge summits in Kanawha District, the western two-thirds of Falls ; the northwestern border of Mountain Cove, and the western edge of Fayetteville District. This bed is not mined commercially in the County but it has been prospected to some extent by the large land-holding companies. The following average results compiled by R. C. Tucker from 6 different samples in the State give a fair idea of its chemical composition and calorific value :
Per cent.
Moisture 1.68
Volatile Matter 33.22
Fixed Carbon 57.24
Ash 7.86
Total 100. 00
Sulphur 1.11
Phosphorus 0.016
Calorimeter B. T. U. 13,501
As in Braxton and Clay Counties, it is always multiple-bedded, carrying both gas and splint types of coal, the former predominating in the upper portion of the bed. It will now be discussed by magisterial districts.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 471
Falls Districts
In Falls District, the thickness and stratigraphic position of the Stockton Coal bed are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Cannelton, Harewood — }i Mile Northwest, Boomer — }i Mile East, and House Branch of Bells Creek, pages 120, 124, 126, and 136, respectively. The old Cannel Coal Company (Abandoned) Opening — No. 273 on Map II — located 0.2 mile due* north of Cannelton, in Kanawha County; Stockton Coal; elevation, 1330' B., abandoned 27 >ears ago, is given in connection with the Cannelton Section, page 120.
The following data were obtained by Teets at a prospect opening in the northern border of Falls District :
T. B. Craze Coal Opening — No. 274 on Map II.
On west hillside of Bells Creek, ^4 mile southeast of southern point of Clay County; Stockton Coal; elevation, 1255' B.
Feet Inches.
Concealed
Kanawha Black Flint 5 0
Slate, black 4 0
Coal, splint 1' 4"
Coal, bony 0 2
Coal, gray splint 1 6 3 0
Sandstone and slate
Mottntain Cove District.
In Mountain Cove District, the thickness and stratifrraphic position of the Stockton Coal are exhibited in the Ansted — Hawks Nest Section, page 170. As shown on Figure 7, this coal is confined to a small area in the extreme northwest edge of the District, the following opening in this locality being examined by the author:
Coal And Coke.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 473
Coal Opening — No. 275 on Map II.
On east side of triangulation point knob, 1^ miles northwest of Ansted; Stockton Coal; elevation, 2335' B.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, dark, argillaceous, visible 10 0
Coal, gas, mediumFhard r 8"
Bony slate, black 0 6
Shale, dark 0 4
Coal, splint, sligfotly bony 3 0
Coal, splint, good 3 0 8 6
Slate
For the stratigraphic position of the Stockton Coal here, see the Ansted — Hawks Nest Section above referenced.
At Coal Exposure — No. 276 on Map II on west side of low gap, J4 inile northeast of No. 275, only a heavy blossom of Stockton Coal at an elevation of 2315' B., 10 feet below fragments of the Kanawha Black Flint was seen.
Kanawha District.
In Kanawha District, the thickness and stratigraphic position of the Stockton Coal are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Crescent, Mt. Carbon, Powellton, Page, and Kingston, pages 144, 147, 158, 162, and 166, respectively. Except in the localities of these sections, no other exposures of this bed were observed in the District, but it is believed to be present in minable thickness over practically the entire area designated for it on Figure 7.
Fayetteyille District.
In Fayetteville District, the Stockton Coal, as shown on Map II and Figure 7, is confined to two small areas in the western edge, one near the summit of Ford Knob, and the other a narrow belt along the crest of Paint Mountain on the Fayette-Raleigh County Line, both probably totaling not over 100 acres. In the latter region its probable stratigraphic position is exhibited tentatively in the Potato Hill Knob Section, published on page 190, this being the only exposure observed for the bed in the District.
Coal And Cx>Ke.
Quantity of Stockton Coal Available.
Based on all the evidence gathered in the field and a planimetric determination of the area by A. M. Hagan from Map II, as the bed is limited on Figure 7, the following estimate is made by the author for the amount of Stockton Coal available in Fayette County:
Probable Amount of Stockton Coal.
District
Falls
Kanawha
Mountain Cove Payetteville . . .
Totals for County.
o
9
a
Oq S
9 a
a E
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,
O 03
a
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Co
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Coalburg Coal.
The Coalburg Coal, described briefly in Chapter VI, pages 236-239, is a very important bed, since it has been mined quite extensively in Fayette on a commercial scale. It is this seam that is worked high up on the east hillside of Gauley River southward from Wyndal. It appears to be present in minable dimensions and regularity throughout the area shown for it on Figure 8. Its detailed outcrop is exhibited on Map II. Its thickness and character at the commercial mines, prospect openings and exposures will now be described by magisterial districts.
Falls District.
In Falls, the Coalburg Coal is present in good thickness and quality, the only commercial mines on this bed in the County being in this District. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV
West Virginia Geological Survey.
tor Cannelton, Boomer — ^ Mile East, Gamoca, Wyndal, House Branch of Bells Creek, and Panther Mountain, all of which are referenced in the Index. The seven following openings and mines were examined by Teets:
T. B. Craze Coal Opening — No. 277 on Map II.
On southwest hillside of Bells Creek, % mile northwest of House Branch; Coalburg Coal; elevation, 1180' B.
Feet. Inches.
Concealed and slate
Coal r 0"
Slate 0 1
Coal 1 2
Slate 0 1
Coal, visible 0 9 3 1
Concealed by water.
The stratigraphic position of the Coalburg Coal at the above opening is shown in the House Branch of Bells Creek Section, page 137.
Coal Opening — No. 278 on Map II.
On west hillside of Open Fork, opposite Cambria, Nicholas County; Coalburg Coal; elevation, 1245' B.
Feet Inches.
Interval from Kanawha Black Flint 95 0
Coal, medium-hard , 0' 9"
Coal, gray splint 1 8
Coal, bony 0 4
On east hillside of Bells Creek, 1.1 miles north of Belva; Coalburg Coal; elevation. 1390' B.; butts, S. 68° W.; faces, S. 22° !E.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone and slate
Coal 0' 6 "
Slate 0 10
Bone coal 0 0%
Coal 1 8
Slate 0 2
Coal 0 2 5 7%
West Virginia Geological Survey. 477
The section as given above is as measured by A. P. Brady and previously published by L C. White, in Volume II, page 553, while the analysis of the sample collected, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White on page 554 of Volume II and republished under No. 10 on page 292 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under No. 11 in Table 1 of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Deitz Colliery Co. Mine— No. 12 on Map II.
On east hillside of Gauley River, % mile southeast of Wyndal; Coalburg Coal; elevation, 1625' B.
Feet. Inches.
Slate
Coal 1' 6 "
Slate 0 1%
Slate, black 0 1
Coal, splint 1 6
Slate 0 2
Coal, bony 0 4
Coal, splint 0 6
The above mine was also examined by the author in 1907 and the results published by I. C. White on pages 463-4 of
Feet. Inches.
1. Sandstone, massive, visible
f Coal, gas r 10 "
3.^1 Slate 0 0% ... 2' 9%"
4. Slate, with streaks of coal 2 6
5. Coal, hard splint ... 1' 9 "
ooal 0 2
"Butts, S. 80° W.; faces, N. 10*' W.; greatest riae, S. 50** E.; mine capacity, 400 tons; men employed, 100; coal shipped east and west for steam and fuel purposes; authority for mine data, Theodore Deitz, Superintendent; sample from Nos. 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13, the analysis of which was published in table No. 8, page 466, of Volume n(A), under No. 23."
This analysis was republished under No. 23 on page 284 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey and is given under No. 12 in the present Report in Table 1 of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
Deitz Colliery Co. Mine— No. 13 on Map II.
On branch of Gauley River, 1.6 miles S. 55** E. of Wyndal; Coal-burg Coal; elevation, 1750' R.
FeeL Inches.
Coal, gas 0 8
Slate, black 0 1
Coal, gray splint 1 6
Slate, gray 0 2
Coal, splint 0 9
Coal, gas 0 11% ... 6 11
Midvale Colliery Co. Mine— No. 14 on Map II.
On cast btllside of Gauley River, 0.4 mile southeast of Gamoca; Coalburg Coal; elevation, 1765' B.
Feet Inches.
Kanawha Black Flint 5 0
Concealed 36 0
Shale, sandy... 12 0
Coal 2' 0"
Slate, gray, shaly 4 0
Coal, splint 1 9
Slate 0 1
Coal, soft at top 1 6
Bone 0 5
Coal, splint 2 1 ... 11 10
State and concealed 40 0
The stratigraphic position of the Coalburg Coal at the above mine is exhibited in the Gamoca Section in Chapter IV, page 130.
The author also measured a section of the coal at the above mine in 1907, when it was operated by the Gamoca Coal Company, and the results were published by I. C. White on page 464 of Volume 11(A) of the Survey, as follows:
West Virginia Geological Survey. 479
Feet Indies.
2. Coal, gas 3' 0 "
3. Slate, with streaks of coal 1 6
10. Coal, splint, with gas coal at
bottom 1 9 ... 10 0%
"Butts. N. 80* R; faces, S. 10° E.; greatest rise, S. 50** E.; mine capacity, 500 tons; men employed, 80; coal i^ipped mostly east for steam and domestic purposes; authority for mine data, M. G. Campbell, Superintendent; sample from Nos. 4, 6, 8, and 10, for analysis of which see No. 24 in Table No. 8, page 466 of Volume 11(A) Nos. 2 and 3 of section were not seen by the author but given him by Mr. Campbell, the Superintendent.'
>t
The analysis of this coal as given in the citation last mentioned and also republished in Bulletin 2, under No. 24, page 284, is given under No. 14 in Table 1 of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter.
L3nichburg Colliery Co. Mine— No. 15 on Map II.
On south hillside of Sand Branch, 1.5 miles east of Vanetta; Coal-burg Coal; elevation, 1980' B.
Feet Inches.
Slate, reported 2 0
Coal, gray splint 1' 9 "
Coal, gassy 0 8
Slate, black 0 1
Kanawha, Mountain Cave and Fayetteville Districts.
The Coalburg Coal is not mined commercially in the three districts in question, nor has it been prospected to any great extent, although it is believed to be present in minable dimensions throughout practically all the area designated for
48o
Coal And Coke.
it on Figure 8. Its thickness and stratigraphic position in Kanawha are exhibited in the sections for Powellton, Page, and Kingston, pages 158, 162, and 166, respectively ; for Mountain Cove District, the Ansted — Hawks Nest Section, page 170; and for Fayetteville District, the Potato Hill Knob Sec-lion, page 190. These are the only exposures of this bed observed in the three Districts in question.
Quantity of Coalburg Coal Available.
The following estimate is made by the author of the amount of Coalburg Coal available in Fayette County, based on all the evidence gathered in the field and a planimetric determination of the area by A. M. Hagan from Map II, as the bed is limited on Figure 8:
Probable Amount of Coalburg Coal.
District
a>
0/
•ft
Co
a>
1
••H
Co 03
S
1
S< 1
a;
•
00
9
u
ea
c
o
02
<
Falls
Kanawha ......
Mountain Cove . .
I 5.0 I 0.54 I 345.6
07
07
no
d
O CO o
6S,145,961
Winifrede Coal.
The Winifrede Coal, described briefly in Chapter VI, page 241, is believed to attain minable dimensions and regularity over the greater portion of its area as exhibited on Figure 9. Although an important bed from a commercial standpoint in the adjoining County of Kanawha, where it has long been mined, it has not been so operated in Fayette, and it has been prospected but little. However, the following average results compiled by R. C. Tucker from 25 separate
s| Si
11
|l
Ii
I I » •#
' •••
West Virginia Geological Survey. ' 481
analyses of samples in the southern portion of the State published in previous reports of the State Survey give a fair idea
of its remarkable purity and calorific value :
Per cent.
Moisture 1.25
VolaUle Matter 35.21
Fixed Carbon 57.67
Ash 5.87
Total 100.00
Sulphur , 0.69
Phosphorus 0.006
Calorimeter B. T. U 14,127
The Winifrede Coal, like the Coalburg and other "splint" types of the Kanawha Group, carries such a small quantity of iron in its ash that the latter is practically white in color, a feature making its use as fuel in ihe manufacture of snow-white Portland Cement very desirable. The correspondingly high fusibility of their ash — above 3000° F. — also makes these types especially desirable as a steam and domestic fuel, not only on account of their high calorific value, but also for their comparatively great freedom from objectionable and expensive "clinkers" when so used.
Falls District.
In Falls District, the thickness and stratigraphic position of the Winifrede Coal are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Cannelton, Boomer — }i Mile East and Wyn-dal, pages 120, 126, and 132, respectively. No prospects were observed on it in this area, the exposures in the foregoing sections being the orJy ones noted.
Moantain Cove District
In Mountain Cove District, the Winifrede Coal is restricted to a small area in the northwestern border, as shown on Figure 9. No exposures or openings on it were observed, but it is believed to be present in minable dimensions. It stratigraphic position is indicated in the Ansted — ^^Hawks Nest Section, page 171.
Coal And Coke.
West Virginia Geolochcal Survey.
Kanawha District.
In Kanawha District, the Winifrede Coal covers about two-thirds as large an area as it does in Falls, its thickness and stratigraphic position here being exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Powellton, Page, and Kingston, pages 158, 162, and 166, respectively, the exposures in the foregoing sections being the only ones observed.
Fayetteville District.
In Fayetteville District, the Winifrede Coal is confined to two small areas in the western border — one 4^ miles westward from Fayetteville along the east side of the high ridge joining Big Rock and Ford Knobs, and the other on the east side of Paint Mountain along the Fayette- Raleigh County Line. Its stratigraphic position is shown in the Potato Hill Knob Section, page 190, the latter being the only exposure observed in the District.
Qaantity of Winifrede Coal Available.
Based on all the evidence gathered in the field, the known character of the bed in the adjoining Counties, and u planimetric determination of the area of the bed by A. M. Hagan from Map II, as limited on Figure 9, the following estimate is made by the author of the amount of Winifrede Coal available in Fayette County :
Probable Amount of Winifrede Coal.
District
«v
r*
22
• Do
Oq M
:s
0;
■■g
0,
s
.d o
c
0
• he;
m
<
«
a c
cU m o
Falls
Kanawha
Fayetteviille
Mountain Gove
2
41.10 I 26,304.0 I 2,515,746,8161 100,629,873
Chilton Coal.
The Chilton Coal, described briefly in Chapter VI, pages 244-245, is believed to attain minable dimensions and regularity over the greater portion of its area as outlined on Figure 10. Its detailed outcrop is shown on Map II. As described on a subsequent page it has been mined commercially at only a single point in Fayette, and it has been prospected but very little. However, the following average results, compiled by R. C. Tucker from 25 different analyses published in previous State Survey Reports for mines mostly in Logan County, 25 to 30 miles southwestward, should give a fair idea of its remarkable purity and close simulation in quality to that of the Winifrede Coal'* as revealed by the results published on a preceding page of this Chapter from the same number of
samples :
Per cent.
Moisture 0.90
Volatile Matter 36.22
Fixed Carbon 57.23
Ash 6.65
Total 100.00
Sulphur 0.72
Phosphorus 0.006
Calorimeter B. T. U 14,258
Falls District.
In Falls District, the thickness and stratigraphic position of the Chilton Coal are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Boomer — }i Mile East and Wyndal, pages 126 and 132, respectively, these being the only exposures observed for it in the area in question.
Mountain Cove District.
In Mountain Cove District, the thickness and stratigraphic position of the Chilton Coal are exhibited in the section for Ansted, this being the only exposure of it definitely recognized in the District.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 485
Kanawha District.
In Kanawha District, the Chilton .Coal appears to attain a better development than on the north side of the Kanawha River, its thickness and stratigraphic position being exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Crescent, Powell-ton — 0.5 Mile Northwest and Page, pages 145, 156, and 162, respectively. The following data were obtained by the author at the only commercial mine — now abandoned — ever opened on the Chilton bed in Fayette County :
In ravine, east hillside of Armstrong Creek, % mile north of Powellton; Chilton Coal; elevation, 1840' B.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, making cliff 40 0
Mr. G. H. Powell, General Manager of Mt. Carbon Co., says the above mine was 40 feet below the Winifrede Coal, with 4" to 6" of gas coal at bottom and balance splint, with total section of 4 feet, being very low in ash and clean, but abandoned (1904) partly on account of demand by United Mine Workers for Cedar Grove Coal rating in mining and on Ms being opened at wrong place to operate successfully.
Fayetteville District.
In Fayetteville District, the Chilton Coal is confined to narrow belts high up near the ridge summits in the extreme west and southwest borders of the District as shown on Figure 10 and Map XL In the latter region it attains a fine development as exhibited by the following data obtained by the author :
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Coal Prospect — No. 279 on Map II.
2\^ miles northwest of Heberton, on northeast slope of Potato Hill Knob; Chilton Coal; elevation^ 2780' B.; section by Wm. Bailey.
Feet.
Sandstone, coarse, gray and brown, visible 20
Coal, gas. hard 3' 2"
Bone 0 6
Coal, gas, hard 1 6 ... 5
Inches. 0
Slate
The opening at above prospect was closed, the section being as reported by Mr. Bailey. The stratigraphic position of the bed is exhibited in the Powellton — J^ Mile Northwest Section, page 156.
Quantity of Chilton Coal Available.
Based on all the evidence gathered in the field, the known character of the bed in adjoining counties, and a planimetric determination by A. M. Hagan of the area of the bed from Map II, as limited on Figure 10, the following estimate is made by the author of the amount of Chilton Coal available in Fayette County:
Probable Amount of Chilton Coal.
Falls
Mountain Cove
Kanawha
Fayetteville . .
•
0;
•
•
02
District.
Qc
S
a.
0
c
u
Co
£0
00
es
<
V 0
Cq 0
-f-
Totals for County I ' 53.85 | 34.464.0 i 2,834.396,9281 113,375.877
The Oedar Grove Coal.
The Cedar Grove Coal, described briefly in Chapter VI, pages 249-250, has been mined extensively on a commercial scale along the Kanawha River Valley, 4 to 6 miles westward from Fayette and it is believed to attain minable dimensions and purity over the greater portion of the minable area indicated for it on Figure 11. It has been prospected but little and never mined commercially in the territory of this report, so that the information concerning it is not so complete as that obtained for some of the other beds. However, the following average results, compiled by R. C. Tucker from 64 separate analyses published in previous State Survey Reports for mines mostly in Kanawha, Boone, Logan, and Mingo Counties, reveal a coal of remarkable purity and comparatively high calorific value, being slightly higher in percentage c f sulphur and phosphorus than the average results published on preceding pages of this Chapter from several samples of
the Winifrede and Chilton beds:
Per cent.
Moisture 1.01
Volatile Matter 36.19
Fixed Carbon 57.36
Ash 5.44
Total 100.00
Sulphur 1.16
Phosphorus 0.011
Calorimeter B. T. U 14,279
Falls District.
In the Falls District region the thickness and stratigraphic position of the Cedar Grove Coal are exhibited in the special sections published in Chapter IV for Cedar Grove in Kanawha County and Albion in Nicholas, pages 118 and 130. respectively. Coal Digging No. 280 on Map II is represented in the latter section.
Kanawha District.
In Kanawha District, the thickness and stratigraphic position of the Cedar Grove Coal are exhibited in the sections
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Fay
given in Chapter IV for Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, Powellton — J 2 Mile Northwest, and Mt. Carbon, pages 15;5, 156, and 147, respectively. In this District it has been prospected slightly more than in that (Falls) just described. The three following exposures and diggings were examined by the author :
Coal Exposure — No. 281 on Map II.
On Morris Creek, 0.8 mile south of Donwood; Cedar Grove Coal; elevation, 915' B.
Feet Inches. Shale, dark, argillaceous, with thin lenses of
sandstone, visible. . .' 30 0
Coal, gas 0' 9 "
Shale, gray, argillaceous 0 3
Coal, gus 0 5
Slate, gray, W to 0 1
Coal, gas 0 3
Shale 1 0
Sandstone and concealed 17 0
The 30 feet of shale, or member No. 1 above, carries local lenses of Seth Limestone, 10 feet above the top of the Cedar Grove Coal.
Coal Opening — No. 282 on Map II.
On Morris Creek, 1.1 miles south of Donwood; Cedar Grove Coal; elevation, 935' B.
Feet. Inches. Coal, 3'0" to 4 0
Coal Prospect — No, 283 on Map II.
On branch of Falls Creek, 1.4 miles S. 10° E. of Kanawha Falls; Cedar Grove Coal; elevation; 1735' B.
Feet. Inches.
Concealed
West Virginia Geological Survey. 49I
Mountain Cave District.
In Mountain Cove District, only a single exposure of the Cedar Grove Coal bed was observed, this being in the hill road immediately west of Ansted. Here, its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the Ansted Section in Chapter IV, page 171.
FayettevUle District.
As shown on Figure 11, the Cedar Grove Coal is confined t«.- a narrow belt along the western border of Fayetteville District, and to another similar area along the southwest edge on the east side of Paint Mountain, where it probably attains the best development in the County. The following data at a prospect on this bed were obtained by the author, the stratigraphic position of which is exhibited in the Potato Hill Knob Section, page 191 ;
Coal Prospect — No. 284 on Map II.
On northeast slope of Potato Hill Knob, 2\^ miles northwest of Herberton; Cedar Grove Coal; elevation, 2605' B; closed; section as reported by Wm. Bailey, miner.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, roof
Coal, soft 0' 6 "
Bony coal or slate 0 1%
Slate
Quantity of Cedar Grove Coal Available.
The lack of prospect openings and commercial mines on ihe Cedar Grove Coal in Fayette County makes it difficult to determine the available tonnage. Based on all the evidence ^'gathered in the field; its known character in the immediately adjoining Counties of Nicholas, Kanawha, and Raleigh; and a planimetric determination by A. M. Hagan of the area of the bed from Map II, as limited on Figure 11, the following estimate of available tonnage is made by the author:
Coal And Coke.
Probable Amount of Cedar Grove Coal.
District
Thickness of Coal Assumed, Feet.
ad
u
•
Acres.
1
L i
2 o 5? »
Short Tons of Coal.
Palls
1
Kanawha
Mountain Cove... Payetteville
98i048,333 4.415,939 4,795,086
Totals for County
1
1
The Alma Coal.
The Alma Coal, described briefly in Chapter VI, pages 251-2, has never been mined commercially in Fayette County nor in the Kanawha River Valley, but southwestward in Boone, Logan, and Mingo Counties it has long been so operated successfully. In the territory of this Report, it has been prospected considerably, and it is believed to attain minable dimensions and regularity over the greater portion of the area indicated for it on Figure 12. Its excellent character as a gas, steam, and domestic fuel coal is attested by the following average results, compiled by R. C. Tucker from .17 separate analyses published in previous State Survey Reports from samples in mines located mostly in Boone, Logan, end Mingo Counties. These show that it compares favorably with the results obtained for other higher coals of the Kanawha Group:
Per cent.
Moisture 1.49
Volatile Matter 33.97
Fixed Carbon 58.24
Ash 6.30
»
Total lyO.or*
Sulphur 1.12
Phosphorus 0.008
Calorimeter B. T. U 13,930
West Virginia Geological Survey. 493
Falls District.
In Falls District, the Alma Coal is confined to that portion lying to the west of Horseshoe Creek. Its thickness and stratig^aphic position are exhibited in the Cedar Grave Section, page 118; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 4 and 6 on Map II, pages 392 and 394, respectively. While its thickness at the two bore holes in question is not so promising from a mining standpoint, yet its dim'^.nsions at exposures c::long the Kanawha River warrant the assumption on a subsequent page of a thickness of 18 inches in this* District in forming an estimate of its available tonnage.
Kanawha District.
In Kanawha District, the thickness and stratigraphic position of the Alma Coal are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Crescent, Mt. Carbon, Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, Page, and Kingston. The eight following exposures and prospects were examined by the author:
Coal Exposure — No. 285 on Map II.
On east bank of Morris Creek, 0.9 mile south of Donwood; Alma Coal; elevation, 905' B.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, visible 12 0
Shale, bufT, sandy 3 0
Coal, slaty 0' 6"
Coal, gas 2 4 Alma 2 10
Shale, flaggy, sandy 15 0
Limestone, Campbell Creek, lenticular, 0" to.... 1 3
Shale, sandy, to railroad grade 10 0
Coal Exposure — No. 286 on Map II.
On west bank of Morris Creek, 0.9 mile south of Donwood; Alma Coal; elevation, 905' B.
Feet. Inches.
Coal blossom, heavy, Cedar Grove 3 0
Shale ,. 5 0
Sandstone, visible 10 0
Shale, buff 3 0
Coal And Coke.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 495
Feet. Inches.
Coal, gas 0' SV/'
Shale, dark-gray 0 6
Coal, gas 1 6
Bone, 0" to 0 1%
Coal 0 3 Alma 2 S
Shale 5 0
The Alma Coal is exposed on the southwest hillside of Kanawha River, 0.6 mile southeast of Eagle, at an elevation of 1037' B., and has a thickness of 1' 10", as given on a subsequent page under Mine No. 45 on Map II in the No. 2 Gas Coal. This exposure shows the true position of the Alma Coal with respect to the Campbell Creek Limestone and the Peerless and No. 2 Gas Coal beds.
Coal Exposure — No. 287 on Map II.
On southwest hillside of Kanawha River, opposite Boomer; Alma Coal; elevation, 1035' B.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, visible 15 0
Shale, buff, sandy, iron ore nodules, plant fossils 7 0
Coal, gas V 2"
Shale, gray 0 1
Kilboume & Jacobs Coal Prospect — No. 288 on Map II.
In ravine, on south hillside of Kanawha River, 2.5 mUes southwest of Kanawha Falls; Alma Coal; elevation, 1460' B.
Feet. Inches. Shale, buff, sandy, with iron ore nodules, visible 8 0
Shale, gray, argillaceous 1 8
Kilboume & Jacobs Coal Prospect — No. 289 on Map II.
On west side of point, south hillside of Kanawha River, 2 miles southwest of Kanawfia Falls; Alma Coal; elevation, 1555' B.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, roof, visible 5 0
Kilboume & Jacobs Coal Prospect — No. 290 on Map II.
In east hill side of Lee Branch, 1.5 miles due south of Kanawha Falls; Alma Coal; elevation, 1675' B.
Feet. Inches. Shale, buff and sandy, visible 6 0
Coal, spllnty, (sandstone, pavement) 2 8 ... 5 6^^
The base of the Alma Coal at the above prospect is 36 feet by hand-level above the base of the No. 2 Gas Coal at Prospect No. 308 on Map 11.
Kilboume & Jacobs Coal Prospect — No. 291 on Map II.
On branch of Falls Creek, 1.4 miles S. 10° E. of Kanawha Falls; Alma Coal; elevation, 1695' B.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, sandy, visible 1 0
Coal, gas r 3 "
Slate, black, 0" to 0 0%
Mountain Cove District.
In Mountain Cove District, the Alma Coal is confined to the northwestern corner as shown on Figure 12, high up on the wooded hillsides of Gauley Mountain and its intimately associated spurs. No exposures of the bed were observed in this region, but the dimensions obtaining for this coal only 3 to 4 miles sputhwestward at Prospects Nos. 288-291, inclusive, described above, warrant the assumption of a thickness of 18 inches in the table given on a subsequent page showing an estimate of the available tonnage of Alma Coal by magisterial districts.
Fayetteville District-
In Fayetteville District the thickness and stratigraphic position of the Alma Coal are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Potato Hill Knob and Herberton, pages 191 and 193, respectively. As shown on Figure 12, the
West Virginia Geological Survey. 497
coal is confined to a narrow belt in the western border of the District, and to another similar area in the southwest edge on the east side of Paint Mountain. In the latter region the interval between the base of the Alma and No. 2 Gas Coal beds h^s increased from 40 feet, prevailing at Montgomery, to 80 feet at Herberton, as against 110 and 120 feet in the Rawl and Sprigg regions of Mingo County, respectively. The two following openings on this bed in Fayetteville District were examined by the author:
R. E. Amick Coal Opening — No. 292 on Map II.
On southeast slope of Ford Knob, 5 miles due west of FayettevUle; Alma Coal; elevation. 2105' B.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, current-bedded, visible 6 0
Coal, soft, columnar 0' 5''
Slate, black 0 1
Coal| soft, columnar .. . 0 7
Shale, gray, sandy, coal streak, 6" to 0 8
Coal Prospect — Hp. 293 on Map II.
On head of WiUis Branch, 1.5 miles due west of Herberton; Alma Coal; elevation, 2765' B.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, visible 4 0
Coal, soft, columnar 0' 6"
Shale, gray 0 6
Coal, splinty 0 2
Shale, gray 0 2
Coal, soft, 2" to 0 3
Shale, gray ". 0 3
Coal, soft 0 2
Coal and slate, mixed 0 3
Coal, soft, columnar 2 0
Coal, soft, with thin slate streaks.. 2 0 6 3
Slate
Quantity of Alma Coal Available.
Based on all the evidence gathered in the field and a planimetric determination of its area by A. M. Hagan from Map II as limited on Figure 12, the following estimate of the available tonnage is made by the author :
Coal And Coke. ,
Probable Amount of Alma Coal.
District
Falls
Kanawha
Mountain Cove. Payetteville . . .
Totals for County.. |
n *-»
*
J5 0?
Ufc
«M
Oq
o
«
•
»H
S
«
Oq
« S
ed
a>
3
u
O*
u
H
Gq
<J
3 O
Co
a
Oq "
The Campbell Creek Coal, comprising both the Peerless and No. 2 Gas divisions, has been briefly described in Chapter IV, pages 253-254. Its detailed outcrop is shown on Map II and its minable area on Figure 13. In the territory of this Report it ranks second only to the Sewell bed in economic importance and available tonnage. The upper or Peerless division is usually separated from the lower or No. 2 Gas member by a dark-gray and argillaceous shale, carrying plant fossils and often marine fossil shells, the whole ranging from a few inches to 30 feet in thickness. Both divisions are frequently operated in the same mining section and both are worked separately at several commercial mines within the County, especially the No. 2 Gas bench. The excellent character of the Campbell Creek bed as a gas and coking coal and for steam and domestic fuel purposes is attested by the following average results from the State as a whole, compiled by R. C. Tucker from 65 separate analyses published in previous State Survey Reports mostly from widely scattered commercial mines in the southern part of West Virginia :
West Virginia Ge0U3Gical Survey.
Per cent.
Moisture o .88
Volatile Matter 32.71
Fixed Carbon 60.87
Ash 5.54
Total 100.00
Sulphur 1.17
Phosphorus 0. 009
Calorimeter B. T. U 14,348
It has long been mined commercially in Fayette and it has also been prospected considerably by natives for local domestic fuel and by the large land-holding companies. Its thickness and character at these openings and at outcrop exposures will now be described by magisterial districts.
Falls District.
In Falls District, the Campbell Creek Coal, including both the Peerless and No. 2 Gas members, is confined to that portion lying west of Horseshoe Creek, the area of which is shown on Figure 13. The latter, as also Map II, shows that it lies mostly above the drainage of the larger streams and that it may be operated in almost every portion of the District by drift openings. Its thickness and stratigraphic position in Falls are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV ior Marting, Smithers, Harewood, Boomer — }i Mile East, Boomer, Deepwater — J^ Mile North, Gauley Bridge, Vanetta, Gamoca, Wyndal, Albion, and Panther Mountain ; in the log of Well No. 20 on Map II; and in the log of Coal Test Borings Nos. 1-6, 12 and 48 on Map II.
Its description at 35 to 40 commercial mines, prospect openings and other exposures now follows :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 5Oi
Kanawha & Hocking Coal & Coke Co. Mine No. Ill- No. 17 on Map II.
% mile southeast of Carbondale, on north bank of Blake Branch;
Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 795' B.; examined by
Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, visible 8 0
Slate and shale, gray 7 0
Slate, and gray shale, marine fossils abundant. . . 16 u
Coal, splint 1' 7 "
Slate 0 0%
Slate and gray shale 1 2
Coal 1 1 No. 2 Gas 7 9
Concealed 35 0
Coal 1 2
"Principal office, Longacre, W. Va.; shipped to Liakes or north; used for domestic and steam purposes; number of men employed, 60 miners and 40 day men; capacity, 1000 tons daily; output, 500 tons <daily; 102 beehive coke ovens, not in operation at present; Lee Jenkins, Mine Foreman, authority for data."
The above mine was formerly owned by the Sunday Creek Coal Company and also by the Sunday Creek Company. Samples of the gas and splint coals were taken by Messrs. R. W. Edmonds and A. P. Brady and analyzed by Prof. Hite. The results were published under Nos. 5 and 6 in the table of coal analyses on page 572 of Volume II, and republished by Dr. White under the same numbers on pages 364-5 of Volume 11(A) and page 263 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. They are republished under Mine No. 17 in Table 1 of coal jinalyses at the end of this Chapter. A sample of the coke made from the coal at the above mine, collected by Messrs. Edmonds and Brady, was analyzed by Prof. Hite and the results published under No. 3 in the table of coke analyses on page 574 of Volume II and republished by Dr. White under the same number on page 366 of Volume 11(A) and on page 264 of Bulletin 2, of the Survey. This analysis is republished tinder Mine No. 17 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
Kanawha & Hocking Coal & Coke Co. Mine No. 112 —
No. 18 on Map II.
% mile southeast of Carbondale, on north bank of Blake Branch; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 840' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, marine fossils abundant
Coal, gray splint 1' C"
Coal, gas 0 7
Coal 1 11
"Coal shipped west foir domestic and steam purposes; number of men employed, 33 miners, 50 laborers; capacity, 1000 tons; output, 300 tons; 200 beehive coke ovens, 70 to be used soon; expect to make 100 tons of coke per day with 70 ovens; A. J. Jenkins, Mine Foreman, authority for data."
The above mine was formerly owned by the Sunday Creek Toal & Coke Company.
Cannelton Coal & Coke Co. Mine No. 1 — No. 19 on Map II.
On west bank of Smithcrs Creek, 0.7 mile north of Carbondale; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 730' B.; section measured at mouth of first dip face by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, marine fossils abundant
Coal, gas 0' 5 "
Coal, splint 0 10
Coal, gas 0 2
Coal, gas 3 6
Slate, gray, 1" to 4" 0 2i^
"Principal office, C!annelton; shipped to lakes; used for domestic and steam purposes and by-product ovens; number of men employed, 175 miners and 125 day men; capacity, 1900 tons daily; output, 1900 tons daily; Thomas Cunningham, Mine Foreman, authority for data.*'
The above mine was formerly owned by the Cannelton Coal Company. The coal from the above mine was sampled by R. W. Edmonds and A. P. Brady and analyzed by Prof. Hite and the results published under Nos. 7 and 8 in the table of coal analyses on page 572 of Volume II of the Survey, for the splint and gas coals, respectively, and republished by Dr.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 5O3
White under the same numbers on pages 364-5 of Volume J I (A) and page 263 of Bulletin 2, of the Survey, and these analyses are given under Mine No. 19 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter. A sample of the coke from the above mine was also collected by Messrs. Edmonds and Brady and analyzed by Prof. Hite, the results being published under No. 2 in the table of coke analyses on page 574 of Volume II of the Survey and republished by Dr. White under the same number on page 366 of Volume 11(A) and page 264 of Bulletin 2, and the analysis is given under No. 19 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
The following section of the coal was measured by Teets at the Fan-House Opening of No. 1 Mine, opposite mouth of Twomile Creek, at an elevation of 755' B. :
Feet. Inches.
Slate, marine fossils abundant
Coal, gas 0' 5 "
Coal, splint 0 9
Coal, gas 0 3
Slate 0 0%
Slate 0 2
Cannelton Coal & Coke Co. No. 2 Mine — No. 20 on Map II.
On north bank of Smithers Creek, % mile east, of Buffalo Fork; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 721' L.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, marine fossils abundant
Coal, gas 0' 6 "
Coal, splint 0 8
Coal, gas 0 3
Slate 0 3
Samples of the gas and splint coals from the above mine were collected by R. W. Edmonds and A. P. Brady and analyzed by Prof. Hite, and published by I. C. White under Nos. 9 and 10, respectively, on page 572 of Volume' II, and republished by him under the same numbers on page 365 of
Volume 11(A) and page 263 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. The results of these two tests are republished under Mine No. 20 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Cannelton Coal & Coke Co. No. 4 Mine — No. 21 on Map II.
On south bank ot Smithers Creek, 0.2 mile east of Twomile Creek; Campbell Greek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 880' B.; examined by Teets.
Slate, marine fossils
Coal, gas 0' 5 "
Coal, splint 0 11
Coal, gas 0 3
Slate 0 0%
Coal 3 41/2
Slate, sandy, 1" to 5" 0 3
Cannelton Coal & Coke Co. No. 5 Mine — No. 22 on Map II.
On north bank of Smithers Creek, 0.4 mile west of Marting; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 880' B.; examined by Teets. Feet. Inches.
Slate, marine fossils abundant
Coal, semi-cannel 0' 3"
Coal, splint 1 6
Coal, gas 0 5
Coal, semi-splint 2 1
Coal, gas 1 0 5 3
The above section was measured 2(X) feet under cover.
Columbus Iron & Steel Co, No. 1 Mine — No. 23 on Map II.
On east hillside of Smithers Creek, at Marting; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 950' B.; section in 10 and 11 Right off 2ncl Face Heading, North; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate 0 6V2
Stone 0 10%
The following section was measured by Teets in 5th and 6th Left, 2nd Face, South, Heading:
West Virginia Geological Survey. 505
Feet Inches.
Slate, black 2 2|
The following section of the coal at the above mine was
also measured by Teets :
Feet. Inches.
The coal from this mine was once sampled by Messrs. R. W. Edmonds and A. P. Brady and analyzed by Prof. Hite, the results being published under No. 18 in the table of coal analyses on page 572 of Volume II of the Survey, and republished by Dr. White under the same number on pages 365-6 of Volume 11(A) and page 263 of Bulletin 2. The analysis is given under No. 23 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The following interesting section at the mouth of Four-mile Fork was measured by the writer in 1907 and published by Dr. White on pages 373-4 of Volume 11(A) :
Feet. Inches.
2. Concealed and massive sandstone 560 0
4. Coal, soft 0' 9'
7. Sandy shales and black slate 15
8. Coal, splint 1' 6 '
to 0 2
14. Slaty fire clay, 1" to 0 0%
Peerk«8.
No. 2 Gas
J
<n
'Butts, N. 75 'z^** E.; faces. S. 14%** B.; greatest rise, S. 45** E.; mine capacity, 1000 tons; men employed, 150; about one-third of the output is coked and the product shipped to ColumJbus, Ohio, for furnace use, the balance of the screened coal being shipped west by rail for steam and domestic purposes; sample from Nos. 8, 9, 10, 12, 13 and 15, for analysis of which see Table No. 5, page 393, of Volume ]iI(A), under No. 13; authority for mine data, John Phillips, Superintendent."
The analysis of this sample is republished under Mine No. 23 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
A sample of the 48-hour coke made here from the No. 2 Gas Coal was also collected by the writer, and the results of the analysis, as published on page 374 of Volume 11 (A), are given under Mine No. 23 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was also measured and sampled at 6 points in the above mine by D. J. Parker and H. D. Jones, of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, on January 28, 1916, as given on, page 401 of Bulletin 123 of the latter, the analyses being published on page 117.
Section A (sample 24056) was measured at face of 21 room. 3 left heading, 4,400 feet S. 70° B. from pit mouth; thickness of bed, 6' 11"; thickness of coal sampled, 6' 6^".
8ectlon B (sample 24056) was measured at face of 21 room, 4 left heading, 4,700 feet S. 65° E. from pit mouth; thickness of bed, 6' 4"; thickness of coal sampled, 5' 2".
Section C (sample 24057) was measured at face of 10 room, 5 left heading, 4,000 feet S. 55° E. from pit mouth; thickness of bed, 5' 9''; thickness of coal sampled, 4' 8".
Section D (sample 24058) was measured at face of 11 room, 6 left heading, 4,200 feet S. 50° E. from pit mouth; thickness or Ded, 6' 2'% thickness of coal sampled, i' 10".
Section E (sample 24059) was measured at face of 5 room, 1 left heading, 3,200 feet N. 80° E. from pit mouth; thickness of bed, 5' 1"; thickness of coal sampled, 4' 9".
Section F (sample 24060) was measured at face of 15 room, 2 left heading, 4,100 feet S. 75° B. from pit mouth; thickness of bed. 5' 8»^''; thickness of coal sampled, 5' 0",
The ultimate analysis of a composite sample made by combining face samples 24055 to 24060 is given under laboratory No. 24061.
These seven analyses are published under Mine No. 23 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — Thickness, 5 to 7 feet. Roof. *draw slate'; floor, hard shale. Cover at points of sampling, 1,000 to 1,100 feet. Room^nd-pillar system of mining. In 1916 the coal was undercut with machines and shot down with black blasting powder. The output was 950 tons a day."
West Virginia Geological Survey. 507
W. R. Johnson Coal Co. Mine — No. 24 on Map II.
On northwest hillside of Kanawha River, 0.4 mile southeast of Smlthers; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 915' B.; section in main heading about 500 feet under; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, splint 1 1
Coal, gas 3 im ... 5 7
Slate, gray
Coal, visible, 1' 6", (not mined), reported 2 0
Slate, reported ,
(See mine No. 69 on Map II in B2agle Coal for mine data).
The coal from the above mine was once sampled by Messrs. R. W. Edmonds and A. P. Brady and the analysis of same published by Dr. White under No. 17 on page 572 of Volume II of the Survey, and also republished under the same number in the table of coal analyses on page 366 of Volume 11(A) and page 263 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. The analysis is given under Mine No. 24 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Kanawha & Hocking Coal & Coke Co. Longacre No. 114
Mine — No. 25 on Map II.
On east hillside of Kanawha River, at Longacre; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 910' B.; examined hy Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Concealed 40 0
Coal, Alma 0 10
Shale, sandstone, and slate 7 0
Sandstone .• 3 0
Coal, gas, Peerless 0 9
Slate, dark, marine fossils in abundance 12 0
Coal, gas 0' 2"
Coal, splint 1 0
Slate 0 1
Samples of the splint and gas coal from the above mine were collected by R. W. Edmonds and A. P. Brady and analyzed by Prof. Hite and the results published by I. C. White under Nos. 3 and 4 on page 572 of Volume II, and republished by him under the same numbers on page 365 of Volume
S08 Coal And Coke.
11(A) and page 263 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. These analyses are republished under No. 25 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
A sample of the coke made from the "gas" division of this coal was also collected by Messrs. Edmonds and Brady and analyzed by Prof. Hite and the results published by Dr. White under No. 6 in the table of coke analyses on page 574 of Volume II of the Survey and republished by him under the same number of page 366 of Volume 11(A) and also on pages 263-4 of Bulletin 2. This analysis is republished under No. 25 in Table 2.
This mine was formerly operated by the Sunday Creek Coal Company.
The coal bed was also measured and sampled at six points in the above mine by D. J. Parker and H. D. Jones, of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, on January 20, 1916, as given on pages 400-401 of Bulletin 123 of the latter Bureau, the analyses being published on page 117 of the Bulletin in question.
Section A (sample 23986) was measured at face of 6 room, 10 east entry, 13 south heading, 11,700 feet N. 85 "^ E. from pit mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' W\
Section B (sample 23987) was measured at face of 1 room, 6 east entry, 13 south heading, 11,450 feet N. 76** E. from pit mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 10 1^".
Section C (sample 23988) was measured at face of main east heading, 11,650 feet N. 75'' E. from pit mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 6^".
Section D (sample 23989) was measured at face of 3 room, 3 east entry, 13 north heading, 11,600 feet east from pit mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sam/pled, 5' 1".
Section E (sample 23990) was measured at face of 1 room, 8 east entry, 13 south heading, 11*500 feet N. 80° E. from pit mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 10''.
Section F (sample 23991) was measured at face of 13 north heading, 11.650 feet N. 73** E. from pit mouth; thickness of bed, 4' 10"; thickness of coal sampled, 4' 9V^".
The ultimate analysis of a composite sample made by combining face samples 23986 to 23991 is given under laboratory No. 23992.
These seven analyses are published in Table 3 under Mine No. 25 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — Thickness, 4'^ to 5 feet. Roof and floor, shale. Cover at points of sampling, 1,000 to 1,150 feet. In 1916 the coal was undercut with machines and shot down with black blasting powder. The daily output was about 1,200 tons."
West Virginia Geological Survey. 509
Kanawha & Hocking Coal & Coke Co. Harewood Mine No. 115 (Abandoned) — No. 25 A on Map II.
On east hillside of Kanawha River, ^ mile southeast of Longacre; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Qae) Coal; elevation, 980' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
The splint and gas coals from the above mine were once sampled by R. W. Edmonds and A. P. Brady and analyzed by Prof. Hite and the results published by Dr. White under Nos. 1 and 2 on page 572 of Volume II and republished by him under the same numbers on pages 364-5 of Volume 11(A) and page 263 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. These analyses are republished under No. 25A in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
A sample of the coke from the "gas" division of the coal was also collected by Messrs. Edmonds and Brady and analyzed by Prof. Hite and the results published by Dr. White under No. 4 on page 574 of Volume II and under the same number on page 366 of Volume 11(A) and on pa^es 263-4 of Bulletin 2. This analysis is republished under No. 25A in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
Boomer Coal & Coke Co. No. 5 Mine — No. 26 on Map II.
On northwest hillside of Boomer Branch, V^ mile northeast of Boomer; C?.mpb«ll Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1037' L.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, gray splint 1 1
Slate 0 1
Coal, splint 0 10
Slate and impure coal 0 2
Coal, gray splint 1 10
Boomer. Coal & Coke Co. No. 1 Mine — No. 27 on Map II.
On southeast hillside of Boomer Branch, Vi mile east of Boomer; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1045' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet Inches.
Coal, gray splint 1 0
Coal, splint 0 11
Slate and impure coal 0 2
Coal, gray splint 1 8
Coal, mother 0 1 .
The above mine was not in operation at the time of Teets' visit in August, 1916.
The coal from the above mine was once sampled by R. W. Edmonds and A. P. Brady and analyzed by Prof. Hite and the results published by Dr. White under No. 16 on pages 572-3 of Volume II of the Survey and republished by him under the same number on pages 365-6 of Volume 11(A) and page 263 of Bulletin 2. This analysis is republished in the present Report under No. 27 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Boomer Coal & Coke Co. No. 4 Mine — No. 28 on Map II.
On north side of Boomer Branch, 1.6 miles northeast of Boomer; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1116' L.; section in 1st South off Main Heading; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, gray splint 1 2
Slate 0 1
Coal, splint 0 9
Coal, slaty, impure 0 2
Coal, gray splint 2 0
Coal, mother 0 1
Teets also measured another section in the same mine 2000 feet east of the above in Main East Heading, as follows :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 5Ii
Feet. Inches.
Coal, gray splint 0 8
Coal, mother 0 1
Coal, gray f>point ' 1 6
Slate, sometimes sandstone 2 0
Sulphur 0 3
Coal, gray splint 1 31
Coal, mother 0 1
Boomer Coal & Coke Co. No. 3 Mine — No. 28A on Map II.
On south side of Boomer Branch, 1.5 miles northeast of Boomer; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gaa) Coal; elevation, 1120' B.; section at drift mouth; examined hy Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, gray splint 1 1
Slate 0 1
Coal, splint 0 10
Slate 0 1
Coal, gray splint 2 0
Coal, mother 0 1
Coal 1 10 5 7
The author also measured a section of the coal at the above mine in 1907 and the results were published by Dr. White on pages 374-5 of Volume 11(A) of the Survey, as follows:
Feet. Inches.
5. Slate, black, hard, 2" to 0 1
8. Slate, sandstone, and concealed 160 o
9. Coal, Eagle, with partings 5 0
"'Butts, N. 45** E.; faces. S. 45*' E.; greatest rise, S. 45° E.; mine capacity, 1000 tons; men employed, 120; much of the coal shipped to South Chicago and manufactured into coke in by-product ovens, also to LAkes for domestic and general fuel uses; authority for mine data. J. W. Elswick, Mine Foreman; sample from Nos. 2. 3. 4, 6. and 7. the analysis of which was publi^ed in Table No. 5 on page 393 of Volume 11(A) under No. 14. and republished under the same number on page 265 of Bulletin 2."
The above-mentioned analysis is republished under No. 28A in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Boomer Coal & Coke Co. Coal Opening — No. 294 on Map II.
On head of Boomer Branch, 2.4. miles N. SO*" E. of Boomer; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Qae) Coal; elevation, 1190' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, gray splint 1 0
Slate, black 0 1
Coal, splint 0 11
Slate 0 6
Coal, gray splint 1 8
Coal, mother 0 1
On north hillside of Kanawha River, 1 mile northwest of Deepwater Station; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Qaa) Coal; elevation, 1200' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Coal : 5 0
The stratigraphic position of the coal at the above mine is exhibited in the Deepwaiter — J4 Mile North Section, page 127.
Sunday Creek Coal Co. Glen Ferris Mine (No. 117) (Abandoned) — No. 29 on Map II.
On west hillside of Kanawha River, ^/^ mile northwest of Olen Ferris; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Qaa) Coal; elevation, 1270' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches. Shale, bluish-gray, argillaceous, plant fossils
abundant, visible 6 0
Coal, gas, medium-hard 2' 11"
Shale, gray, Mj" to 0 1
The above mine was abandoned in 1907.
A sample of the coal from this opening was once collected by R. W. Edmonds and A. P. Brady and analyzed by Prof. Hite and the results published by Dr. White under No. 12 on pages 572-3 of Volume II, and republished by him under the same number on page 365 of Volume 11(A) and page 263 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. This analysis is republished under No. 29 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
PLATE XVlI(a).— View showing i',. feet of No. 2 Gas Coal at opening on east side. Paint Creek, 1 mile north of Mllbum.
I'hoio by C. E. Kftbs
opening near that above.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 513
Major Hill Estate Coal Opening — No. 295 on Map II.
On west hillside of Ckiuley River, 0.6 mile north of Gauley Bridge; Campbell Creek ^No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1215' B.] examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, glossy, gas 1 10
Coal, splinty 0 5 3 5
Boomer Coal & Coke Co. Coal Opening — No. 296 on Map II.
On head of Left Fork of Scrabble Creek; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gae) Coal; elevation, 1130' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slaty shale, gray, visible... 5 0
John Smith Coal Opening — No. 297 on Map II.
On south bank of Bells Creek, 2.2 miles N. lb"* W. of Gauley Bridge; Campbell Creek (Peerless) Coal; elevation, 785' B.; examined by D. B. Reger.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, massive 15 0
Shale, sandy 1 0
Coal 0 1
Shale, gray 0 5
Sandstone 2 0
Coal, medium-soft 1' 10"
Slate, gray 0 1
L3mchburg Colliery Co. Mine — No. 30 on Map II.
On east hillside of Gauley River, 0.7 mile northeast of Gauley Bridge; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1320' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, fine-grained, visible 7 0
Shale, gray, plant fossils 2 0
Coal, block 1' 2"
Coal, gas, glossy 1 10
See Vanetta Section for stratigraphic position of coal.
The author also measured a section of the coal bed at the above mine in 1907 as published by Dr. White on page 376 of
Feet. Inches.
5. Coal, gas 0 4 No. 2 Gas 4 0
•*Butts, N. 80* E.; faces, S. lO** B.; greatest rise. S. 50** E.; mine capacity, 400 tons; men employed, 75; coal shipped mostly east for steam and general fuel purposes; authority for mine data, J. C. Grisinger. Mine Foreman; sample from the three divisions of No. 2 Gas Coal, the analysis of which was published under No. 16 in Table No. 5, page 893, of Volume 11(A).'
i»
This analysis was also republished by Dr. White under the same number on page 265 of Bulletin 2, and it is given under No. 30 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Lynchburg Colliery Co. Mine — No. 31 on Map II.
On head of branch of Sand Branch, 1.5 miles due east of Vanetta; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1410' B.; examined by TeetA.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, glossy, gas 1 10
"Principal office, Vanetta, W. Va.; shipped east for domestic and steam uses; electric haulage; number of men employed, 40 laborers and 55 miners; daily capacity, 800 tons; daily output, 300 tons: T. A. Deltz, Superintendent, authority for data."
Midvale Colliery Co. Mine — No. 32 on Map II.
On east hillside of Gauley River, o.i mile souihoast of Gamoca; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1225' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
2. Slate, fuU of fossil plants, 0" to '6 0
3. Coal, gas, soft 2' 3"
4. Slate, soft, 0" to 0 1
West Virginia Geological Survey. 515
"Butts, N. 80** E.; faces, S. 10* E.; greatest rise, S. 50** B.; mine capacity, lOO tons; men employed, 80; coal shipped mostly east for steam and general fuel purposes; authority for mine data, M. G. Campbell and J. M. Campbell, Superintendents; sample from Nos. 3, 0, 6 and 7, the analysis of which was published under No. 17 in Table No. 5, page 393, of Volume 11(A) by Dr. White."
The above informa'tion and section are given as collected by the author in 1907, when the mine was operated by the Gamoca Coal Company. Teets reports, in addition to the above: ''electrical haulage; number of men, 40 laborers and S3 miners; daily capacity, 1000 tons; daily output, 500 tons; T. A. Deitz, Superintendent, authority."
The analysis mentioned above was also republished by Dr. White under No. 17 on page 265 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, and it is given under No. 32 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
On east hillside of Gauley River, ^ mile southeast of Wyndal; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1110' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, massive, visible 20 0
Coal, gas 2' 3"
Slate, gray 0 3
Coal 0 5
Slate 0 1
Coal 0 4
Slate 0 1
The author also measured a section of the coal at the above mine in 1907 and sampled the coal for analysis, the results being published by Dr. White on pages 377 and 393 of Volume 11 (A). The section measured is as follows:
Feet. Inches.
1. Sandstone, massive, visible 26 0
8. Coal, gas, top 6'' semi-splint 2' 7 ''
Sl6 COAL AND COKE.
"Butts, N. 80** B.; faces, S. IC E.; greatest rise, S. 50* E.; mine capacity, 400 tons; mien employed, 100; coal shipped east and west for steam and general fuel purposes; authority for mine data, T. A. Deitz, Superintendent; sample from Nos. 3, 5, 6, and 7, the analysis of which was published under No. 18 in Table No. 6, page 393 of Volume 11(A) and republished under the same number on page 265 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. The gray slate. No. 4, sometimes disappears entir^y."
The analysis mentioned above is republished under No. 33 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Gauley Mountain Coal Co. Buck Run (No. 1) Mine —
No. 34 on Map II.
On south hillside of Gauley River, 1.6 miles east of Belva; Campbell Creek (Peerless) Coal; elevation, 1075' B.; section measured by Reger in pillar between Headings Nos. 4 and 5 of No. 2 Drift.
Feet. Inches.
3. Coal, soft 2' 7"
The above section was measured by D. B. Reger of the Survey Staff, who also collected a sample (No. 339R), from Nos. 3 and 6 for analysis, the composition of which is published under No. 34 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Teets also measured a section of the coal near the mouth
of the above mine, as follows :
Feet. Inches.
Shale, gray, slaty 0 6
Coal, gas 0 3
«i
'Principal office, Ansted, W. Va.; coal owned by operating company; daily capacity, 500 tons; daily output, 400 tons; numl>er of men employed, 40 miners and 35 laborers; electric haulage; shipped east for steam and domestic purposes; C. O. Williams, Mine Foreman, authority for data."
West Virginia Geological Survey. 517
No. 35 on Map II.
In head of branch, 0.6 mile south of No. 34; Capbell Creek (No. Gae) Coal; elevation, 1095' B.; examined by Teets and Roger.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone
Slate, full of iron ore nodules 1 6
Slate, gray 1 6
Coal, gas V 1"
Bone 0. 2
Coal, gas 1 3
Slate, gray 0 2
Coal, gas 1 6
Teets reports this seam as being 46 feet by hand-level below the bed at Mine No. 34.
D. B. Reger, of the Survey Staff, also measured a section of the coal in Room No. 2, 4th Left, of above mine, as follows :
Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, cannel 0' 2"
"No. 1 (Buck Run) Mine; Principal office, Ansted, W. Va.; coal owned by operating company; daily capacity, 500 tons; coal used for railroad fuel and also shipped south for city gas works; number of men employed, 40 miners and 36 laborers; butts, N. 40"* E.; faces, N. ^0"* W.; greatest rise, southeast; electric haulage; E. L. Morris, Superintendent, authority for data."
Mr. Reger also collected a sample (340R) from Nos. 3, 5, and 7 of the above section for analysis, the composition of which, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under !Mine No. 35 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
5l8 COAL AND COKE.
Gauley Mountain Coal Co. No. 2 Mine — No. 36 on Map II.
On east hillside of Rich Creek, ^ taodle southeast from Gauley River; Campbell Creek (PeerleM) Coal; elevation, 1160' B.; examined by Teets and Reger.
Feet Inches. Slate, brown
Coal, gas 2' 10"
Slate 0 1
Coal, harder 0 10 PeerleM 3 9
Slate
Mr. D. B. Reger, of the Survey Staff, also measured a section of the coal at the above mine, in No. 1 Heading, 1000 feet in, as follows:
Feet. Inches.
1. Slate, dark, with streaks of coal 1 0
2. Coal, slaty 0' 3 "
5. Coal, fioft, (slate pavement) 0 9^ Peerless 4 3
"Mine capacity, 150 tons (just in development stage); coal used for railroad fuel and also shipped south for city gas works; number of men employed, 20 miners and 12 laborers; butts, N. 40"* E.; faces, N. 50® W.; greatest rise, southeast; electric haulage; E. L. Morris, Superintendent, authority for data."
Mr. Reger also collected a sample (338R) of the coal from Nos. 3 and 5 of the section last given for analysis, the composition of which, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 36 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was also measured and sampled on May 17, 1910, by W. R. Calvert, of the U. S. Geological Survey, 140 feet in drift, the section being published by the U. S. Bureau of Mines in Bulletin 22, page 909, and the chemical analysis on page 223 of the same Bulletin. The "A. R." analysis (10476) is republished in the present Report under No. 36 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 5I9
Gauley Mountain Coal Co. Opening — No. 298 on Map II.
On west hillside of branch of Rich Creek, 0.8 mile S. SO*' W. of Mine No. 86; Campbell Creek (Peeriese) Coal; elevation, 1210' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, slaty, visible 8 0
Coal 2' 10"
Slate, gray 0 1
Coal 0 7 PeerleM... 3 6
Gauley Mountain Coal Co. Opening — No. 299 on Map IL
On east hillside of Rich Creek, opposite mouth of Bridge Fork; Campbell Creek (PeerleM) Coal; elevation, 1280' B.; section as reported; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate 0 1
Gauley Mountain Coal Co. Opening — No. 300 on Map IL
On west hillside of Rich Creek, ^ mile west of Romont and mioutlt of Kelly Fork; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gae) Coal; elevation, 1660^ B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Bone 0 3
Coal 2 INo. 2Gaa.. 4 9
Gauley Mountain Coal Co. Mine — No. 37 on Map II.
On head of Rich Creek, 2% miles N. 25'' W. of Ansted; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1600' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Only Nos. 8, 9 and 10 are mined at the above opening.
Coal Digging — No. 301 on Map II, }i mile west of Sugar Creek and 4 miles north of Ansted; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1630' B. ; examined by the author, was closed and thickness not learned.
Henry Cole Coal Opening — No. 302 on Map II.
On head of Sugar Creek, 2 miles N. 50'' E. of Ansted; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1920' B.; examined by the author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, argillaceous, visible 1 0
Coal, soft, columnar 0' 8 "
Slate, gray, hard 0 1
Coal, soft, columnar 0 9
Coal ' 0 . 2
Slate, dark-gray 0 2
J. F. Cavendish Coal Opening — No. 303 on Map II.
In edge of Nicholas County 1.1 miles N. 10** E. of Albion; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1760' B.; examined by the author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, gas, medium-soft 0' 9"
Shale, gray V 3"
Coal 0 1
Shale, gray 0 5...1 9
Coal, gas, medium-soft 0 6
Bone, sulphur 0 2
Coal, gas, medium-soft 1 3 4 5
The stratigraphic position of the coal at the above opening is exhibited in the Albion Section in Chapter IV, page 139.
James Cole Coal Opening — No. 303A on Map II.
On north hillside of Gane Branch, 1 mile southeast of Gauley Bridge; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1525' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Coal r 2 "
Bone 0 2
Coal 0 11
Slate 0 1%
West Virginia Geological Survey. 521
The stratigraphic position of the coal at the above opening is exhibited in the Gauley Bridge — 1 Mile Southeast Section in Chapter IV, page 128.
Philip Estep Coal Opening — No. 303B on Map II.
On north hillside of Cane Branch, 2.4 miles N. 85** B. of Gauley Bridge; Cairpbell Creek (No. 2 Gae) Coal; elevation, 1600' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Kanawha District
In Kanawha District, the Campbell Creek Coal, including both the Peerless and No. 2 Gas members, lies above drainage and covers a large portion of the District as shown on Map II and Figure 13, thus rendering a large tonnage of coal easily-available to drift openings. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Crescent, Mt. Carbon, Beckwith, Columbia, Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, Powellton — J4 Mile Northwest, Powellton, Head of Powellton Fork, Page, Keeferton, Kingston — 1.7 Miles West, and Kingston, references to which are given in the Index; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 1 and 12, pages 390 and 397, respectively.
Its description at SO to 55 commercial mines, prospect openings and other exposures now follows :
Kanawha Rail & River Coal Co. Mecca Mine —
No. 38 on Map II.
On south bank of Schuyler Fork, ^, mile southeast of Don wood; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 830' B.; examined by the author. Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, soft 0' 5 "
«
"Butts, N. 81'' K; faces, S. 9"" E.; greatest rise, S. 40* E.; mine capacity, 30O tons; men employed, 75; coal shipped east and west for steam and domestic purposes; sample from Nos. 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10, and a portion of No. 7, the analysis of which waa published' under No. € on pages 893-4 of Volume 11(A) by Dr. White and republished under the same number on page 264 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey."
The above information was taken from page 369 of Volume 11(A), the section having been measured by the writer in 1907, when the mine was owned by Carver Bros. It was later operated by the Mecca Colliery Company, but has been shut down about five years. This mine is now connected up with the Edgewater No. 2 Mine (No. 43 on Map II) of the same company and coal is drawn through hill. The mine was operated for a period of about 30 years.
The analysis mentioned above is republished in this Report under No. 38 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Eureka Coal Co. Mine No. 1 — No. 39 on Map II.
On west bank of Morris Creek, ^ mile south of Donwood; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) CoaJ; elevation, 820' B.; examined by the author.
Feet Inches.
1. Shale, buff, argillaceous, visible 15 0
3. Shale, black, plant fossils, 5'' to 0 10
5. Shale, dark-gray 0' 3"
7. Shale, dark-gray 0 5 . . 0 11
Only Nos. 2 and 4 are being mined at present, although Mr. M. B. Welch says the bottom bench, No. 8, is the best coal, being lower in sulphur and ash.
The analysis of a sample of the coal collected from this mine by Messrs. R. W. Edmonds and A. P. Brady, as reported by Prof. Hite, was published by Dr. White under No. 13 on pages 572-3 of Volume II of the Survey and republished by him under the same number on page 365 of Volume 11(A) and page 263 of Bulletin 2. This analysis is given under No. 39 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 523
Eureka Coal Co. No. 2 Mine — No. 40 on Map II.
On east bank of Morris Creek, % mile south of Donwood; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 8&(yB.; examined by the author.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone
Coal, gas, Peerless 2 6
Shale, dark, argillaceous, plant fossils 8 0
Slate 0 4
Coal, gas ; 1 8
Shale, gray, dark 0 3
Coal, bony 0 3
Shale, gray, dark 0 4
Eureka Coal Co. No. 6 Mine — No. 41 on Map II, on east bank of Morris Creek, 0.8 mile south of Donwood ; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, SoCK B., examined by the author, was first opened on bottom two benches on No. 2 Gas member and then a slate parting developed to 7 feet between them, and then top two benches were mined (including Peerless and upper bench of No. 2 Gas), leaving the bottom bench. It was formerly operated by Morris Creek Coal Company.
On west hillside of Kanawha River, at Crescent; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gat) Coal; elevation, SKXL.; examined by the author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, opening closed and abandoned 5 0
The coal has been mined out at the above mine. The analysis of a sample of coal collected by Messrs. Edmonds and Brady here as analyzed by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 11 on pages 572-3 of Volume II of the Survey and republished by him under the same number on page 365 of Volume 11(A) and page 263 of Bulletin 2, is given under No. 42 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The stratigraphic position of the coal at the above mine is shown in the Crescent Section, page 145.
Kanawha Rail & River Coal Co. — Edgewater No. 2 Min
No. 43 on Map II.
On west hillside of Kanawha River, ^ mile northwest of Otgle; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 895' B.; examined by the author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, bloMom, Alma 1 0
Shale, buff, iron ore nodules 10 0
Sandstone 4 0
Shale, sandy 1 0
Coal, Peerless
Shale, dark 11 0
Coal, gas 0' 8"
Coal, splint 0 5
Coal, gas 3 6
Coal, gas, hard 0 7 No. 2 Gas 5 2
The old No. 2 Gas Coal mine — ^No. 38 on Map II — described on pages 621-2, is now connected up with Eklgewater No. 2 Mine above and coal is drawn through hill. Ehnploy 120 miners and laborers; output 400 short tons; shipped both east and west for steam and gas purposes; gives good results in by-product use; authority for mine data, J. N. Gellatty, President and General Manager. This mine was form* erly operated by Carver Brothers and later by the Mecca Colliery Company. This mine has been In operation for over 40 years.
The analysis of a sample of coal collected at the above mine by Messrs. Edmonds and Brady and analyzed by Prof. Hite was published by Dr. White under No. 19 on pages 572-3 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 365-6 of Volume 11(A) and page 263 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. This analysis is given under No. 43 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
St. Clair Colliery Co. — Mine No. 44 on Map II, on west hillside of Kanawha River, at Eagle ; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 955' B. ; examined by the author, was formerly operated by the Gordon Coal and Coke Company, and when sampled for analysis was known as No. 2 mine of St. Clair Coal and Coke Company — See No. 20, Volume II, page 573.
The analysis of a sample of coal collected by Messrs. Edmonds and Brady and analyzed by Prof. Hite was published by Dr. White under No. 20 on pages 572-3 of Volume II of the Survey and republished by him under the same number
West Virginia Geological Survey. 525
on pages 365-6 of Volume 11(A) and page 263 of Bulletin 2. This analysis is given under No. 44 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Kanawha Rail & River Coal Co. Diamond Mine —
No. 45 on Map II.
On west hillside of Kanawha River, ^ mile due west of Boomer;
Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1010' B.; section measured
at entrance hy author.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, visihle 5 0
Shale, sandy, and flaggy 7 0
Shale, sandy 2 0
Liimestone, Campbell Creek, lenticular, 0" to 2 0
Shale, buff, iron ore nodules abundant 7 0
Coal, gat, Peerless 1 10
Shale, black, siliceous, plant fossils and Lingula
fossils 9 0
Coal, gas r 7"
Slate, gray 0 1
Coalpgas 3 6 No. 2 Gas 5 2
Shale, gray 1 0
The above mine was first operated by Carver Brothers and later by the Mecca Colliery Company. It has been operated by the present owners since March, 1916.
The author also measured a section at the above mine about 1907 at Opening No. 5 in Tucker Hollow, J4 mile northwest of Kimberly, as published by Dr. White on page 370 of
Feet. Inchep.
1. Sandstone, massive, and shale 75 0
2. Coal, Peerless, soft, streaks of sulphur 2 10
3. State, 6 inches to 20 feet 1 3
4. Coal, soft 0' 2"
"Elevation, 1040' B.; Butts, N. 81** E.; faces S. S'* B.; greatest rise, S. 45** E.; mine capacity, 350 tons; men employed, 60; coal shipped west by rail and river, and east by rail for steam and gas; mine expected soon to have capacity of 1,000 tons daily; sample from Nos. 4 and 6, the analysis of which was published under No. 7 on page 395 of Volume 11(A) and republished by Dr. White under the same number on page 264 of Bulletin 2."
The above-mentioned analysis is given under No. 45 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The Peerless Coal is not mined here, since it has considerable sulphur and clinkers badly. The slates separating it from the underlying No. 2 Gas Coal proper are in places only 6 to 10 inches thick, and the overlying coal is left as the roof.
The author also took another section of the same measures at the "Knuckle" of the incline, J4 niile northeast of No. 5 Opening, which gives the following, as published by I. C.
White on page 370 of Volume II (A) :
Feet. Inches.
"No. 2 of this section is, according to Mr. Hennen, the same hed of coal as No. 2, at the No. 5 Opening, whole No. 4 is very irregular and disappears entirely to the southwest."
The analysis of a sample from this mine, collected by Messrs. Edmonds and Brady and analyzed by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 21 on pages 572-3 of Volume II and under the same number on pages 365-6 of Volume 11(A) and page 263 of Bulletin 2, is given under No. 45 (first line) in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter. This analysis was published in Volume II under the name of the Diamond and Forest Hill Colliery Company.
M. B. Coal & Coke Co. Kimberly Mine— No. 49 on Map II.
On west hillside of Armstrong Creek, % mile south of Tucker Hollow; Campbell Cre«k (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, llOCKB.; section at entrance; used in Kimberly Section; examined by the author.
Feet. Inches.
1. Shale, buff, sandy, visible 12 0
2. Limestone, Campbell Creek, in lenses, (T to. . 1 3
3. Shale, bufT, siliceous, iron ore nodules 13 0
5. Slate, black, with thin coal streaks 0 2
6. Coal, columnar, medium-hard 1' 6"
8. Coal, columnar, medium-hard 3 6 No. 2 Gas 5 3
9. Shale, gray, pavement, visible 1 0
West Virginia Geological Survey 527
William Robinson, Temporary Foreman, says that only Nos. 6 and 8 are mined, and that slate, No. 3 of section, averages 3 to 4 inches, and that slate. No. 5, thickens up to 12 feet of black, soft slate.
The author also measured a section at the above mine in
1907, then operated by the Cardiff Coal Company, which was
published by Dr. White on pages 370-1 of Volume 11(A), as
follows :
Feet. Inches.
3. Slate, black 3" to 1 6
5. Slate, black, 1" to 0 3
8. Coal, soft, gas (slate floor).. 3 2 No. 2 Gas.. 5 3
"Butts, N, SI'* E.; faces, S. 9* E.; greatest rise, S. 9* E.; mine capacity, 400 tons; men employed, 75; coal shipped east and west for steam and domestic puriioses; sample from Nos. 4, 6, 7 and 8. and also a separate sample for No. 2, the analyses of which were published under Nos. 9 and 8, respectively, on page 394 of Volume 11(A) and republished by Dr. White under the same numbers on page 264 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. The Peerless Coal, No. 2, is taken down only In the main entries, and then only when the parting slate below Is thin. It is left for the roof, although the analysis shows it to be a coal of most excellent quality, and but slightly inferior to the main No. 2 Gas Coal below; authority for mine data, Frank Williams, Mine Foreman."
The above-mentioned analyses are republished under No. 49 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
M. B. Coal & Coke Co. Columbia Mine— No. 50 on Map II.
On west hillside of Armstrong Creek, 0.2 mile west of Columbia; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1145' B.; used in Columbia Section; section at entrance by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, buff, sandy, visible 4 0
Coal, Peerless 2 6
Shale, dark-gray, argillaceous, plant fossils abundant 15 0
Coal, gas 0' 9 "
Shale, gray 0 4
Coal, gas 0 5
Slate, yellowish-gray 0 0%
Coal, gas, visible 2 6
The above mine was formerly operated by the Cardiff Coal Company, the change in ownership taking place in 1907, when the author also measured another section at this mine and sampled same, the results being published by Dr. White on page 371 of Volume 11(A), as follows:
Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, gas 0' 7 "
7. "Mother" coal, 0" to 0 0%
8. Coal, gas 0 7 No. 2 Gat 4 1
9. Slate, concealed, and massive sandstone.... 130 0 10. Coal, Eagle, old opening fallen shut
''Greatest rise, S. 45'' E.; mine capacity, 250 tons; men employed, 35; coal shipped mostly east for steam and domestic purposes; authority for mine data, Walter Gill, Mine Foreman; sample from Nob. 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8, the analysis of which was published under No. 10 on page 394. of Volume 11 (A) and republished under the same number on page'264 of Bulletin 2."
The above-mentioned analysis is given under Mine No. 50 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter. This opening is abandoned now, since it is connected up with the Kimberly Mine (No. 49) underground.
Coal Exposure — No. 304 on Map II.
On branch of Jenkins Fork, 1.2 miles S. 50"* W. of Columbia; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Oas) Coal; elevation, 1120' B.; used in Columbia— 1.2 Miles Southwest Section; examined by the author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, gas, bright. Peerless 2 10
Slate, black 1 7
Coal, gas r 8"
Shale, gray 0 10
Coal, gas 0 9
Shale, gray 0 3
Coal, gas 3 7 No. 2 Gas 7 1
Shale, gray 5 0
Coal, Lower Campbell Creek
Coal Exposure — No. 305 on Map II, examined by the author on the east hillside of Powellton Fork, % mile northeast of Powellton, in the Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal, at
West Virginia Geological Survey. 529
an elevation of 1425' B., is shown in the Poweilton Section, page 159.
Mt. Carbon Co. Ltd. Pluto Mine— No. 16A on Map II.
On head of Poweilton Fork, % mile southwest of Wtoodrum Branch; Peerless Coal; elevation, 1725' B.; used in Head of Poweilton Fork Section, page 161; section at entrance hy author.
Feet Inches.
Shale, huff, sandy 8 0
Sandstone 2 0
Shale, buff, sandy 9 0
Coal, medium-soft, bottom columnar, slate, gray floor) 4 0
The above mine is straight up hill S. 30"* E. of the South Vulcan Mine (No. 59 on Map II) of the same Company in the Poweilton Coal, 109 feet by hand-level. This is a new mine, just starting up, but shut down at the time of the writer's visit in 1916 on account of floods.
Great Kanawha Colliery Co. No. 2 Mine (Abandoned) —
No. 46 on Map II.
On southwest hillside of Kanawha River, at Mt. Carbon; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1150' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, argillaceous, visible 0 0
Shale, bluish-black, siliceous, Lingula fossils
abundant 13 0
Coal, medium-soft V 1"
Shale, gray 0 2
Coal, medium-soft 1 0
Coal, seminsplint 0 6
Coal, medium-soft 1 1 3 10
Shale, gray 0 7
The above section was measured by the writer at the drift to the old mine, abandoned in December, 1915, after having been in operation for 30 years.
A sample of the coal from the above mine was collected by Messrs. Edmonds and Brady and analyzed by Prof. Hitc, the results being published by Dr. White under No. 15 on pages 572-3 of Volume II, and republished by him under the same number on page 365 of Volume 11(A) and page 263 of
Bulletin 2 of the Survey. This analysis is given under Mine No. 46 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The analysis of a sample of the coke made at the above mine collected by Messrs. Edmonds and Brady and analyzed by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. S on page 574 of Volume II and republished on page 366 of Volume II (A) and page 264 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey under the same number, is given under No. 46 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
• Great Kanawha Colliery Co. Digby Mine (Abandoned) —
No. 47 on Map II.
On Bouthwest hillside of Kanawha River, ^ mile southeast of Mt. Carbon; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Qae) Coal; elevation, 1230' B.; examined hj author.
Feet. Inches.
1. Sandstone, greenish-gray, iron ore nodules. . 26 0
2. Coal, Peerleee, 10" to 1' 1"
8. Shale, dark-gray, thin coal
streaks 0 4
4. Coail, gas, medium-soft 0 8
5. Coal, spllnty 1 1 No. 2 Gat
6. Coal, gas, soft, columnar. . . 1 2 (1230' B.) 4 4
9. Fire clay shale 1 10 Campbell
11. Fire clay shale, visible 2 0
The above mine has been abandoned for about 10 years on account of slate, No. 3 of section thickening up to 11 inches.
An analysis of a sample of coal from the above mine, collected by Messrs. R. W. Edmonds and A. P. Brady, analyzed by Prof. Hite, and published by Dr. White under No. 14 on pages 572-3 of Volume II of the Survey and republished by him under the same number on page 365 of Volume 11(A) and page 263 of Bulletin 2, is given under Mine No. 47 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 53I
Coal Prospect — No. 306 on Map II.
In ravine on south hillside of Kanawha River, 1.5 miles S. 60"* E. of Deepwater; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gae) Coal; elevation, 1425' B.; examined by the author.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, current-bedded, visible 5 0
Coal, gas 0' 11 "
Coal, splinty 0 5
Shale, gray, 4" to 0 5
Coal, splint 0 11
Shale, gray 0 0%
Coal 0 2 ... 2 10%
Kilboume & Jacobs Coal Prospect — No. 307 on Map II.
On point, south hillside of Kanawha River, 1.9 miles S. TS"" E. of Deepwater; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gat) Coal; elevation, 1525' B.; examined by the author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, sandy, buff, visible 4 0
Coal, gas 3' 0"
Shale, gray 0 2
Coal Prospect— No. 308 on Map II.
On east hillside of Lee Branch, 1.5 miles due south of Kanawha Falls; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1635' B.; examAned by the author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, buff, iron ore nodules, visible 4 0
Coal, gas, columnar 2' 9"
Shale, gray, argillaceous 0' Z^^"
Coal, gas 0 2
Shale, gray, argillaceous 0 3% . . 0 9
Kilboume & Jacobs Coal Prospect — ^No. 309 on Map II.
On branch of Falls Creek, 1.4 miles S. 20^ E. of Kanawha Falls; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1665' B.; examined by the author. Feet. Inches.
Shale, buff 4 0
Coal, gas. Peerless 1' 4"
Shale, gray, dark, %" to 0 1
Coal, gas 0 10
Fire clay, soft, 2" to 0 5
Coal, bony 0 3
Fire clay shale 0 2
Gauley Mountain Coal Co. — Bud Blake, Lessee, Mine —
No. 310 on Map II.
On bead of F^lls Creek, 2.4 miles S. 40'' £. of Kanawha Falls;
Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1800' B.; examined by
Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, visible 8 0
Slaty shale 4 0
Coal, gas 3' 5"
Coal, bony 0 2
Mr. Blake mines about 4000 bushels annually from this opening.
The following section was measured by the author in March, 1907, at which time the company was about ready to begin coal shipments, as published by Dr. White on page 375 of Volume 11(A) :
Fort Defiance Coal & Coke Co. Mine — No. 48 on Map II.
On south hillside of Kanawha River, opposite Gauley Bridge; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Qas) Coal; elevation, 1390' B.
Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, Peerless, soft, visible at crop only 3 0
3. Slate and shale at crop 2 6
4. Coal, soft 3' 6"
5. Coal, splint, hard 0 8 No. 2 Gas (1390' B.) 5 8
11. Shales and concealed. . '. 400 0
12. Sandstone, massive and concealed to top of
Nuttall Sandstone and base of Kanawha
Group 220 0
13. Nuttall Sandstone to bed of Great Kanawha
River 60 0
"Elevation of No. 2 Gas Coal (spirit-level), 1390'; butts, N. 75" B.; faces S. 15* B.; greatest rise, S. 43'' B.; sample from Nos. 4. 5, and 6, the analysis of which was published under No. 15 in table No. 5 on page 394 of Volume 11(A) and republished by Dr. White under the same number on page 265 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. The sample was taken from near the crop, and hence is high in oxygen. Mr. Philip Konrad, Secretary and Treasurer of the Fort Defiance Company, Kanawha Falls, is authority for the tide elevation of the No. 2 Gas Coal at this point."
Powellton .... 4 2
West Virginia Geoudgical Survey. 533
"The Nuttall Sandstone makes the bed of the Great Kanawha Kiver here» and it is over a hard ledge of the same where the river makes its vertical plunge at the celebrated 'Falls/ Just below the line of Mr. Hennen's section.
"The 3 feet of coal Just above the main No. 2 Gas is undoubtedly the same bed whose interval above the latter, on Morris Creek, Armstrong, and Loop, varies from 6 inches to 20 feet, and which the writer in 1884 identified with the Peerless member or division of the Campbell Creek Coal bed of the Maiden region, 30 miles below. If we should add 700 feet to top of this section for the interval from No. 2 Gas Coal up to the top of the Roaring Creek Sandstone, above the Kanawha Black Flint, we get (670+700^) 1370 feet for the thickness of the Upper Pottsville, or Kanawha Group, the 700 feet being the thickness of these higher measures at Ansted, only a few miles distant, as determined by the careful instrumental measurements of Major Wm. N. Page. This total agrees very closely with the other measurements in the region, made by Major Page, Clark & Krebs, Mr. Hennen, and the writer."
The above-mentioned analysis is given under No. 48 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Gauley Mountain Coal Co. — ^J. A. Blake, Lessee — Coal Opening — No. 311 on Map II.
On head of Dempsey Branch, 2 miles S. 80"* W. of Beckwith; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1870' B.; used in Beckwith— 1.7 Miles West Section, page 150.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, sandy, iron ore nodules
Coal, gas 0' 8"
Coal, semi-splint 0 6
Coal, gas. .' 2 9
Coal, splint 1 8... 5 7
This coal bank is owned by Gauley Mountain Coal Company and leased and operated by J. A. Blake, about 2000 bushels being mined annually.
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 312 on Map II.
On head of Demsey Branch, 1.9 miles S. 70** W. of Beckwith; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1875'±; examined by C. E. Krebs.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 5 4
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect— No. 313 on Map II.
On south hillside of Dempsey Branch, 1.6 miles northwest of Big Rock Knob; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1790'±; examined by C. E. Krebs.
Feet. Inches. Coal 4 4
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 314 on Map II.
On northeast hillside of Coleman Branch, 1.1 miles northwest of Big Rock Knob; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1835'±; examined by C. E. Krebs.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 5 0
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 315 on Map II.
On extreme head of Coleman Branch, 0.3 mile Jiorthwest of Big Rock Knob; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas); elevation, i880'±; examined by C. B. Krebs.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 5 6
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 316 on Map II.
On south hillside of Coleman Branch, 1.2 miles northwest of Big Rock Knob; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1825' B.; examined by C. E. Krebs.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 6 1
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 317 on Map II.
On southwest hillside of Mulberry Fork, 0.7 mile northwest of Big Rock Knob; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1865±; examined by C. E. Krebs.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 4 6
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 318 on Map 11.
On head of Mulberry Fork, 0.6 mile southwest of Big Rock Knob; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas); elevation, 1900'±; examined by C. E. Krebs .
Feet. Inches.
Coal 6 8
West Virginia Geological Survey. 535
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 319 on Map II.
On Seng Branch of Mulberry Fork, 0.8 mile north of Ford Knob; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1906'±; examined by C. B. Krebs.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 3' 6%"
Shale 0 1%
Coal 0 3%
Shale 0 0%
Coal 0 11% ... 4 11
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 320 on Map II.
On east side of Sugarcamp Branch of Mulberry Fork, 0.45 mile N. 10*" W. of Ford Knob; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation. 1950'±; examined by Q. E. Krebs.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 3' 4%"
Shale 0 1%
Shale 0 1
Coal 0 8 ... 4 6%
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 321 on Map II.
On southwest hillside of Mulberry Fork, 2.2 miles northwest of Ford Knob; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1795'±; examined by C. E. Krebs.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 0' 6 "
Coal 4 6
Shale 3 2%
Shale 0 0%
Coal 0 4%
Shale 0 2
Coal 0 9 ... 13 8%
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — ^No. 322 on Map II.
On southwest hillside of Mulberry Fork, 2.9 miles northwest of Ford Knob; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1725'±; ex< amined by C. E. Krebs.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 5 0
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 323 on Map II.
On northeast hillside of Beards BV)rk, 2.5 miles northwest of Ford Knob; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 175&'±; examined by C. £. Krebs.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 3' 3"
Shale 1 5
Coal 4 4
Shale 0 6
Coal 0 10 10 4
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 324 on Map II.
On head of Beards Fork, % mile N. TO"* W. of Ford Knob; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1945'±; examined by C. E. Krebs
Feet. Inches.
Coal r 9 "
Coal 1 11%
Shale 0 1
Coal 0 4
Shale 0 6 ... 4 10%
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 325 on Map II.
On Right Fork of Beards Fork, 1.4 miles S. 50** W. of Ford Knob; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 2000'±; examined by C. E. Krebs.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 4 9%
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — ^No. 326 on Map II.
On west hillside of Right Fork of Beards Fork, 1.7 miles S» TO** W. of Ford Knob; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coat; elevation, 1955'±; examined by C. E. Krebs.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 4 3
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 327 on Map II.
On west hillside of Right Fork of Beards Fork, 2.0 miles N. 70** E. of Page; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1810'±; examined by C. E. Krebs.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 4 10%
West Virginia Geological Survey. 537
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Beards Fork Mine —
No. 51 A on Map II.
On point. Beards Fork, 2.5 miles N. 70° E. of Page; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gae) Coal; elevation, 1842' L.; examined by C. E. Krebs.
A sample of the coal from the above mine was submitted by Mr. C. E. Krebs, of Charleston, West Virginia, the results of the analysis of which are given under Mine No. 51 A in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Mine — No. 51B on Map II.
On Beards Fork, 3.0 miles N. 75* E. of Page; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Oat) Coal; elevation, 1859' L.; examined by €. E. Krebs.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 4 3' 10 "
Coal 0 6
Shale 0 4
Coal 0 9 ... 5 4%
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 328 on Map II.
On west hillside of Beards Fork, 2.2 miles N. 45° E. of Page;
Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gat) Coal; elevation, 1750'±; examined by C.
E. Krebs.
Feet Inches.
Coal, Peerlest 5' 0%"
Shale 1 1
Shale 0 2 Peerlest and
Coal 0 6 No. 2Qas.. 10 5
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 329 on Map II.
On head of Branch of Beards Fork, 2.0 miles N. 50'' E. of Page; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1750'±; examined by C. E. Krebs.
Feet Inches.
Shale 1 0
Coal, No. 2 Gat 4 0 10 6
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Page Mine — No. 7 Opening —
No. 51 on Map II.
On east side of Loop Creek, 1.6 miles northeast of Pai^e; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1716' L.; examined by the author.
Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, gas, soft 3'1"1
5. Slate, gray, soft, 20' to 1 2
6. Coal, soft, gas 0' 2'
I"
No. 2 Gas 3 8 10
«n
'Butts, N. 65" E.; faces, S. 25* B.; greatest rise (2 per cent.) S. 22^® EX; mine capacity, 875 tons; men employed, 231; about six-sevenths of the coal manufactured into coke, the balance shipped east and west for fuel; authority for mine data, J. R. C. Taylor, General Manager; one sample from Nos. 2, 3, and 4^ and another from Nos. 6 and 8, the analyses of which were publish*ed under Nos. 11 and 12, respectively, in Table No. 5, pages 393-4 of Volume 11(A). There can be very little doubt that Nos. 2, 3, and 4 represent the Peerless division of the old Campbell Creek bed since Mr. Hennen reports that the parting slate. No. 5, frequently thickens up to 15 or even 20 feet, and that then, only the upper or Peerless division is mined which is much better than to take out only the lower division, since it leaves a possibility of sometime taking out the lower or No. 2 Gas division proper, whereas if the lower were first mined, there would be little hope of ever recovering the upper one.
''It is interesting to compare the section of these coals here at Page with those at the Kimberly (No. 49 on Map II) and Diamond (No. 45 on Map II) mines on Armstrong Creek, sections of which have been given on preceding pages, where the parting shale between the Peerless division and No. 2 Gas Coal exhibits quite as great variations in thickness as at Page."
The foregoing data are taken from page 372 of Volume 11(A) published by Dr. White in 1908, while the following are from page 344 of the same Report :
"The Eagle Coal also makes an excellent coke. At North Page,
the coal from this bed is mixed with that from No. 2 Gas above, the
whole being then pulverized by modern machinery and the mixture coked in beehive ovens, of which there are 505 in the plant of the Loup
Creek Colliery Company. (At Mine 51 on Map II). Samples of coke from these ovens yielded the following results to the several chem- Ists:
Moisture 0.28 0.38 0.16
Volatile Matter 0.22 0.96 3.06
Fixed Carbon 89.13 95.19 90.90
Ash 10.37 3.47 . 5.88
Sulphur 1.45 0.94 0.716
Phosphorus 0.019
West Virginia Geological Survey. 539
"1. Sample collected by J. R. C. Taylor, General Manager for Loup Creek Colliery Co., and analyzed by Hite & Patton.
*% Analysis made in U. S. Geological Survey Fuel Testing Plant, St. Louis, Mo.
''3. Analysis by Froebling & Robertson, Ri(;bmond, Va."
The analyses of the samples of coal collected by the writer in 1907 mentioned above are given under Mine No. 51 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Sections of the coal at the above mine were measured and samples collected by representatives of the U. S. Geological Survey as given on pages 936-8 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines^ the analyses being published on page 236 of the Bulletin mentioned, as follows:
Laboratory No. 6439, measured and sampled on October 5, 1907, by K. M. Way; thickness of bed 8' 11^"; thickness of coal sampled, 8' 2"; sample taken in room 16, off right entry, 1,100 feet northeast of opening.
Laboratory No. 6933, measured and sampled on December 17, 1908, by G. S. Pope; thickness of bed, 9' 5%"; thickness of coal sampled, 8' 5%"; sample taken from point 1,500 feet northeast of opening in room 22, off entry 6. "Sulphur" occurs with irregularity but in considerable quantities, both as partings and balls; in places mixed with mother coal. The rejected parting is a persistent layer of shale varying from 6 Inches to a thickness such that the lower coal was not worked.
These analyses are published under Mine No. 51 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
Illuminating-gas tests of this coal were made by the U. S. Bureau of Mines as given in Bulletin 6, pages 39-40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, and 50, of this Bureau, as follows :
Coal A. A. 5, From Kanawha No. 2 Bed, Page, W. Va.
"The sample consisted of 67 sacks of run-of-mine coal from the Kanawha No. 2 bed at Page, Fayette County W. Va., on the Virginian Railway. G. S. Pope inspected the mine and siilpped the sample. Tables 3 to 8 give the analyses of the samples and the results of tests 26 and 27.
"The coal as received was in fine lumps, fairly clean and with no slate or pyrite evident. Screening (%-inch screen) removed a large proportion of the coal, 63.27 per cent, in one trial and 70 per cent, in the other, but the composition of the screenings and of the screened coal differed very little. The average ash content was 6.20 per cent in the coal passing over the screen, and 6.57 per cent, in that falling through. This coal had a low percentage of volatile matter and a notably low content of oxygen, the lowest found in any of the coals tested.
"Two distillation tests were made, the retort being hot, and the conditions nearly the same in each. The yield of coke was high, a
result from the low percentage of volatile matter in the coal, but was distinctly too high in test 25, the figure being 75.5 per cent., as against 71.25 per cent, in test 27. The sum of the products of distillation in test 25 is 101.7 per cent, of the weight of coal charged and the yields were uniformly higher, with the single exception of the ammonia liquor, in test 25 than in test 27. The obvious explanation is that the actual weight of the coal charged was more than the recorded weight. The stated yields of gas (5.20 and 5.5 cubic feet per pound), the candle-power (15.8 and 16.1), the candle-feet (82.2 and 80.5), and the heat values (617 and 622 B. T. U. per cubic foot, and 3.208 and 3,110 B. T. 17. per pound of coal), check fairly well. They would agree better if the stated weight of coal charged in test 25 were correct. The yield of ammonia was noticeably higher in test 25 (5.19 pounds per ton) than in test 27 (4.38 pounds per ton). The apparent error in the weight of coal charged may partly account for the difference.
"Naphthalene was determined in test 27 and the result was the highest of any of the coals. Hydrogen sulphide in the unpurifled gas at the outlet of the scrubber was determined in one test; it was twice as much as for the Pittsburgh Coal, though the latter did not contain a correspondingly higher percentage of sulphur. The weight balance of test 27 was about normal.
"These tests tend to confirm the apparently prevalent opinion that West Virginia coals in general give good gas but yield much naphthalene. Another opinion that they produce a pitchy tar which stops stand-pipe3, could not be tested in the short runs made. Although the yield of naphthalene was large, the quantity in the gas at the outlet of the tar separator was not larger than in one of the tests with Pittsburgh Coal."
Proximate Analyses. Coal: M. Ash. V.M. F. C. Sul. B.T.U.
As received 1.28 5.57 30.65 62.50 1.53 14.531
Dry 5.64 31.05 63.31 1.55 14.720
Moisture and ash free 32.91 67.09 1.64 15,601
Ultimate Analyses. Coal: H. C. N. O. Sul. Ash.
Dry 5.09 82.46 1.42 4.95 0.83 5.26
Moisture and ash free 5.37 87.03 1.50 5.22 0.88
• ft
Proximate Analyses.
Coke: M. Ash. V.M. F. C. Sul. B T.U.
As received 22.59 9.37 0.38 67.66 0.66 9.855
Dry 12.10 0.49 87.41 0.85 12,731
Mbisture and ash free 0.56 99.44 0.97 14,485
Screenings :
As received 1.50 7.71 29.45 61.34 1.45 14.161
Dry 7.83 29.90 62.27 1.47 14,377
Moisture and ash free 32.44 67.56 1.59 H,599
(From Table 4. — Analyses and Composition of Coals.)
Coal as Charsed
Test 25 1.28 30.65 62.50 5.57 1.53 14.531
Test 27 1.27 29.02 62.88 6.83 1.18 14,344
Dry Coal. Calculated proximate composition.
Test 25 21.05 63.31 5.64 1.55 14.720
Test 27 29.39 63.69 6.92 1.20 14,530
West Virginia Geological Survey. 54I
The ultimate analysis of Test 25 is also given, being the same as previously given uftder "Dry" Coal above, the following note being added : "The ultimate analyses are mostly of the mine samples, and hence differ from analyses of test samples, especially in the percentages of ash. The composition of the coal free from moisture and ash probably does not differ
much."
Composition of Coals.
Calculated proximate Calculated ultimate
composition. composition.
V. M. F. C. Sul. B. T. U. H. C. N. O. S.
Test 25 32.91 67.09 1.64 15,601 5.37 87.03 1.50 5.22 0.88
Test 27 31.57 68.43 1.29 16,610
Table 5. — Retort operation, coal and coke.
Coal : Test 25. Test 27.
Per cent, rejected by %-inch bar screen 63.27 70.00
Charged, ash and moisture free (pounds) 372 368
Coke '
Di-y (per cent, of coal charged) 75.5 71.2
Dry (per cent, of dry coal charged) .• 76.5 72.4
Per cent of Breeze through %-inch bar screen. . . 10.0 7.6
Products of destructive distillation:
V.M. F.C. Ash. Sul.
Test 25 0.49 87.41 12.10 0.85
Test 27 0.73 86.01 13.26 1.19
Test 25. Test 27.
On top of coal at center of retort:
After 1 hour 1.397 1,230
Average at exterior 2,042 2.101
Table 6.— Yieldi^ heating value a/id candle-power of gas.
Test 25. Test 27.
Yield of gas per pound of coal (cubic feet):
Coal as charged 5.2 5.0
Coal, ash and moisture free 5.6 5.4
Calculated average heating value (B. T. U.) :
Set 555 557
Test2S. Test 27.
Calculated average candle-power 15.8* 16.1*
Calculated average gas analysis (per cent.) :
Co. 1.3 1.2
CnH,n 3.8 3.2
O, 0.9 0.6
Co 4.9 5.0
Ch4 32.9* 32.6
H, 63.6* 55.1
N. 2.6 1.8
Table 7. — Yield of tar, ammonia, sulphur, and naphthalene.
Coal as charged 20.1 14.6
Dry coal 20.4 14.8
Coal, ash and moisture free 21.7 15.9
Coal as charged 5.19 4.37
Dry coal 5.26 4.43
Coal, ash and moisture free 5.57 4.75
Total naphthalene per ton of coal as charged (pounds) — 11.4
Table & — Results of tests.
Test 25. Test 27.
Interior, after 1 hour 1,397 1,230
Interior, maximum 1,710 1.726
Exterior average 2,042 2,101
Average temperatures of condensing system (°F.):
Condenser No. 1 112 116
Condenser No. 2 134 124
Condenser No. 3 106 114
Tar Extractor, Inlet 95 104
Tar Extractor, Outlet 81 92
Water in station meter 52 56
Gas leaving station meter 52 54
Coke (per cent, of coal charged) 75.5 71.3
Gas:
Per pound of coal charged (cubic feet, corrected) 5.20 6.00
Candle-feet per pound of coal 82.20 80.60
West Virginia Geological Survey. 543
Test 25. Test 27. Average heating value per cubic foot (B. T. U.) :
Net 565 567
Heating value per pound of coal (B, T. U.) 3,208 3,110
Carbon dioxide 1.3 1.2
Illuminants 3.8 3.3
Oxygen 0.9 0.6
Carbon monoxide 4.9 5.0
Methane 32.9* 32.6
Hydrogen 53.6* 56.6
Nitrogen 2.6 1.8
CV3elected from condenser 73 .00 35.10
Collected from separator 117.20 104.90
Passing separator as fog 0.50 3.90
Total 190.70 143.90
Ammonia (NHa) per ton of coal charged (pounds) :
Recovered from condenser liquor 0 .74 0 .59
Present in gas at inlet to tar separator 4.45 3.79
Total 5.19 4.38
Naphthalene per ton of coal charged (pounds) :
Dissolved in condenser 2 .41
Dissolved in separator tar 8.11
Dissolved in tar fog in gas leaving separator 0 .63
As vapor in gas leaving separator 0.27
Saturation temperature of gas leaving separator CF.) 66.0
*One figure of the nine used in obtaining the average was supplied by interpolation.
The analyses of samples bearing the Government Laboratory Nos. 1867, 1868, 2177, and 2028, given in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter, are as taken from Bulletin 22, page 236, of the U. S. Bureau of Mines. Other calculations on "dried at temperature of 105° C." and "moisture and ash free" bases are given in the reference cited.
"Two mine samples (Nos. 1867 and 1868) were collected by E. W. Parker in 1906, and one sample (No. 2177) by J. W. Groves and W. J. Von Borries on September 22, 1906; thickness of bed, 10' 1^^", thickness of coal sampled, 8' 4''. Sample 2177 was taken from entry 6, 600 feet east of the mine opening. Sample 1867 was taken from the lower bench, from entry 6, 302 feet from the mine opening. Sample 1868 was taken from the upper bench. Sample 2028 was of run-of-mine coal collected from car at fuel testing plant.
"For results of tests of this coal, see mention of special tests as follows — steaming tests: U. S. CJeol. Survey Bull. 290, p. 201; Bureau of Mines Bull. 23, pp. 69, 186, 186; producer-gas tests: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 290, p. 202;'^Bureau of Mines Bull. 13, pp. 219, 276; coking tests: U. S. Geol. Survey BuU. 290, p. 206; Bull. 336. pp. 25, 34, 43, 44; chemical analyses. Part I, Bull. 22, U. S. Bureau of Mines, p. 236; also U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 290, p. 201."
Steaming Tests.
Test 179 — Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used^ over 1 inch» 16.4 per cent.; ^ incli to 1 inch, 19.7 per cent.; M inch to ^ inch, 22.4 per cent; under % inch, 42.5 per cent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of grate, plain.
Test ISi^—Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 12.7 per cent.; ^ inch to 1 inch, 13.3 per cent; \i inch to % inch, 19.6 per cent; under hi inch, 54.4 per cent. Duration of test 9.95 hours. Kind of grate, plain.
Miscellaneous Items. Teat Teat
Heating value of coal (B. T. U. per pound dry coal) 14,999 14,933
Force of draft:
Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour
Bquivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour (pounds) 3 . 45 3 . 22
Percentage of rated horse-power of boiler developed... 96.8 90.1
Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired
Water evaporated from and at 212 °F.:
Per pound of combustible 11 .11 11 .29
Efficiency of boiler, including grate (per cent) 67.60 68.48
Per indicated horse-power hour (pounds) 2.79 2.80
Per electrical horse-power hour (pounds) 3 . 46 3 . 46
Dry coal:
Per indicated horse-power hour (pounds) 2.69 2.67
Per electrical horse-power hour (pounds) 3.32 3.30
Proximate Analyses. Ultimate Analyses.
Test Teat Teat Test
Moisture 3.50 4.53 *Carbon 83.64 83.30
Volatile Matter .... 30 . 88 29 . 82 *Hydrogen 5 . 09 5 . 07
Fixed Carbon 61.69 61.38 ♦Oxygen 4.93 4.90
Ash 3.84 4.27 *Nitrogen 1.38 1.37
Sulphur 0.98 0.89
Total 100.00 100.00 Ash 3.98 4.47
Sulphur 0.94 0.85
Total 100.00 100.00
♦Figured from car sample.
Producer-Gas Teat.
Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 25 per cent; % inch to 1 inch, 42 per cent.; ^ inch to % inch, 20 per cent; under % inch, 13 per cent Duration of test, 50 hours.
Average electrical horse-power 200.5
Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot 139.2
«l
i1
West Virginia Geological Survey. 545
Coal Consumed in Producer (Pounds per Horse-Power per Hour).
Test 56. ,
Coal as Fired Per electrical horse-power:
Available for outside purposes 1.03
Beveloped at switchboard 0.97
Per brake horse-power:
Available for outside punwses. 0.87
Developed at engine 0 . 83
Equivalent used by producer plant.
Per electrical horse-power:
Available for outside purposes 1.10
Per brake horse-power:
Available for outside' purposes 0.93
Developed at engine 0. 88
Analyses, Test 56.
Coal. Gas by volume.
Volatile Matter 31.00 Carbon monoxide (CO) 18.4
Dry Coal
Combustible
Total 100.00
Sulphur 0.82 ToUl 100.0
Coking Tests.
Test 21, West Virginia No. IS. — Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely crushed. Raw. Duration of te&t, 84 hours.
Coal charged 12,000 pounds.
Coke produced 7,955 pounds.
Breeze produced 413 pounds.
Coke produced 66.29 per cent
Breeze produced 3 .44 per cent.
Total percentage yield 69.73
Remarks. — Qood, hard coke. Foundry coke. Light-gray and silvery color. High yield due to deposited carbon.
Test 23, West Virginia No. 13 (Mine 51) and No. 14 (Mine 79) mixed In equal proportioms. — Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 77 hours.
Ooal charged 12,000 pounds.
Coke produced 8,093 pounds
Breeze produced 215 pounds.
Coke produced 67.44 per cenL
Breeze produced 1.79 per cent.
Total percentage yield 69.23
Remarks. — Good, hard coke. Foundry coke. Light-gray and silvery color. High yield due to deposited carbon.
Analyses.
Test 21 Test 23
Ccal Coke Coal Coke
Moisture 3.23 0.75 4.81 0.43
Volatile Matter 31.12 1.05 29.28 1.37
Fixed Carbon 61.98 93.36 62.84 94.20
Aah 3.67 4.84 3.07 4.00
Sulphur 0.86 0.77 0.89 0.84
The following details of coking tests of coals from Mines Nos. 51 and 79 on Map II are taken from U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 336, Test 21 being from Mine No. 51 (No. 2
Gas) ; Test 23, from a mixture of the No. 2 Gas and Eagle Coals from Mines Nos. 51 and 79; and Test 20, from Mine
No. 79 in the Eagle Coal :
Test Test Test
Size of coal as shipped r.o.m. r.o.m. r.o.m.
Size of coal, as used f.c. f.c. f.c
Physical properties of coke:
Specific gravity, real 1.84 1.86 1.92
Specific gravity, apparent 1.02 0.88 0.86
Pounds per cubic foot, dry 63.13 54.67 62.81
Pounds per cubic foot, as receivet (wet) ... 91.21 87.10 87.74
Percentage by volunie, coke 55.00 48.00 44.00
Persentage by volume, cells 45.00 52.00 56.00
6-foot drop test: Percentage over 2-inch
mesh:
Chemical analysis of coal:
West Virginia Geological Survey. 547
Teat Teat Teet
Chemical analysis of coke:
West Virginia No. 13 — Test 21: Light-gray and silvery color; metallic
ring; cell structure good; breakage good; long, large, heavy
pieces. West Virginia Nos. 13 and 14 — ^Test 23: Light-gray and silvery color;
metallic ring; structure medium; breakage good; long, large,
heavy pieces. West Virginia No. 14 — Test 20: Light-gray and silvery color; metallic
ring; cell structure a light large; breakage good; long, large
heavy pieces; good hard coke.
Cu|>ola Test No. 20 of Coke— Test 23. (July 7, 1905)
Coke.
Pig Iron.
Scrap
60
60
60
60
Total 430 2,250 750
Ratio, iron to coke 7
Moisture 0.43
Volatile Matter 1.37
Fixed Carbon 97.20
Arti 4.00
Sulphur, in coke 0 . 84
Sulphur, in ash 0.02
Phosphorus 0.O018
Specific gravity 1 . 85
Record of melt:
Pounds of iron, poured 2,143
Pounds of iron, addition melted 200
Total 2,343
Melting ratio, iron to coke 6.26
Weight and time of each ladle of melted iron:
Blast on at 2:24 p. m.
Iron running 2:38 p. m.
Libs.;
At:
48
14
15
16
65
17
18
78
19
93
20
79
21
57
22
87
23
87
24
78
25
93
26
Libs.:
At:
90
82
87
92
74
84
75
78
72
64
92
64
13
Remarks: Iron very hot and fluid.
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 330 on Map II.
On north hillside of Big Run, 1.1 miles east of Page; Campbell Creek Coal; elevation, 1840'±; examined by O. B. Krebs.
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 331 on Map II.
On north hillside of Big Run, 1.8 miles S. 76'' B. of Page; Camp^ bell Creek Coal; elevation, 1910' ±; examined by C. E. Krebs.
Feet. Inches. Coal 4 5
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 332 on Map II.
On north hillside of Big Run, 1.8 miles S. 76*" £L of Page; Campbell Creek Coal; elevation, 1925'±; examined by C. E. Krebs.
Feet. Inches. Coal 4 2
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 333 on Map II.
On north side of Lioop Creek, 1.8 miles S. 75° E. of Kincaid; Campbell Creek Coal; elevation, 2050' rt; examined by C E. Krebs.
Feet. Inches. Coal 4 7
West Virginia Geological Survey. 549
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 334 on Map II.
On head of Open Fork of Loop Creek, 2.3 miles due east of Kincaid; Campbell Creek Coal; elevation, 2000'±; examined t)y C. B. Krebs.
Feet. Inches.
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 335 on Map II.
On branch of Loop Creek, 1.2 miles S. .15* W. of Ford Knob; Campbell Creek Coal; elevation, 2090'±; examined by C. B. Krebs.
Feet. Inches. Coal 3 8
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — ^No. 335A on Map II.
On head of branch of Hamilton Branch of Loop Creek, 1.3 miles S. 20*' E. of Hamilton; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gaa) Coal; elevation. 2326'±; section by O. B. Krebs.
Feet. Inches.
Slate 0 4
Coal 3 3
Slate 0 7
Christian Colliery Co. No. 3 Mine— No. 336 on Map II.
On west hillside of Paint Creek, 0.7 mile south of Hickory Camp; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1610' B.; examined by Teetfi and A. M. Hagan.
Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, with local streaks of sulphur 3' %"
"Coal owned by Christian Colliery Company; principal oflice, <7harleston, W. Va.; dally capacity, 60 tons; daily output, 60-tons; 4 laborers and 5 miners employed; electric haulage; shipped west for by-product purposes; hutts^ S. 75° W.; faces, S. 15** E.; sample taken l)y A. M. Hagan from Nos. *2 and 3 of section, on main entry, 250 feet from drift; authority for mine data, R. B. Whi taker; started operation in 1918."
The analysis of this sample, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 336 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Paint Creek Coal Mining Co. No. 3 Mine — No. 336A on Map II.
On east side of Paint Creek, head of branch, 0.5 mile N. 70® E. of Hickory Camp; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1550'± B.; examined and sampled by A. M. Hagan.
Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, hard 1' 0"
"Coal owned by Paint Creek Coal Mining Co.; principal office, Leader-News Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio; daily capacity, 800 tons; daily output, 100 tons; 8 laborers and 10 miners employed; mule haulage; motor haulage to be installed later; used for domestic fuel purposes; shipped west; greatest rise, east; sample No. 942H collected by A. M. Hagan in 1918 from Nos. 2, 3, and 4 of section, in main heading, about 80 feet from mouth; C. F. Cole, Superintendent: authority for mine data."
The composition of the above-mentioned sample, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 336A in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Milbum Coal Co. Prospect Opening — No. 337 on Map II.
On point, 1.7 miles S. 70° W. of Keeferton; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 2050'± B.; section by R. B. Whitaker.
Feet. Inches.
Draw slate 0 4
Coal 3' 4"
Rock 0 1
Coal 0 11
Slate 0 8
Coal 1 6 6 6
Milbum Coal Co. Opening — No. 338 on Map II.
On head of Skitter Creek, 1.9 miles S. 30° W. of Keeferton; Camp^ bell Creek (No. 2 Gas Coal; elevation, 2109' L.; section as reported by Milbum Coal Company to D. D. Teets, Jr.
Feet. Inches.
Rock 0 1
Coal 0 11
Slate 0 8
Coal 1 6 6 6
West Virginia Geological Survey. 55 1
The stratigraphic position of the coal at the above opening is exhibited in the Kingston — 1.7 Miles West Section, page 165.
At Prospect— No. 339 on Map II, in edge of Raleigh County, 2yi miles south of Kingston and 0.4 mile west of Town Creek Knob, the Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal is reported at an elevation of 2345' L., with a thickness of only 14 inches, according to data furnished by the Solvay Collieries Company.
FayettevilU District.
In Fayetteville District, the Campbell Creek Coal, including both the Peerless and No. 2 Gas divisions, is confined to a narrow belt along the western border and to another similar area in the southwest edge, as shown on Figure 13, page 4S^, and Map II. Both of these areas lie above drainage and are therefore accessible to drift openings. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Potato Hill Knob and Herberton, pages 191 and 193, respectively. It has been prospected consid-ably by natives and the large land-holding companies, and it has been mined extensively on a commercial scale on the waters of Paint Creek. Its description at these openings will now be given.
Long Branch Coal Co. Prospect — No. 340 on Map II.
On southeast slope of Potato Hill Knob, 2.3 miles northwest of Herberton; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 2440' B.; examined by the author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal prospect, Peerless, reported clean and hard gas coal by Wm. Bailey 3 0
Shale, buff and dark, argillaceous 15 0
Coal, soft, columnar 1' 8"
Slate, dark-gray 0 1
Coal, soft, colunmar 0' 6"
Coal, columnar, medium-hard 2 0
Coal, soft, columnar 1 7 ... 4 1
Shale, gray 0 6 No. 2
Long Branch Coal Co. Mine — No. 55 on Map II.
On northeast slope of Potato Hill Knob, 2.5 miles northwest of Hei1)elton; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 2435' B.; examined by the author.
Feet. Inches.
4. Coal, soft columnar 2 2 5 8
The above data were taken from page 407 of the Raleigh County Report of the Survey, by C. E. Krebs.
The above mine vi^as visited in 1918 by Mr. A. M. Hagan, who collected a sample of the coal for analysis, and secured the following information:
Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, soft 0' 5 "
7. Coal, with local partings 3 6 ... 5 lOV^
"Coal owned by Long Branch Coal Company; principal office, Mt Hope, W. Va.; daily capacity, 800 tons; daily output, 700 tons; 35 laborers and 100 miners employed; motor haulage; used for steam and by-product purposes; shipped to tidewater points; butts. N. 30** W.; faces N. 60"* E.; greatest rise, northeast; sample No. 945H collected from Nos. 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 of section for analysis; sample and section taken at rib of Main E2ntry, 2000^ from mouth of mine; authority fo^ mine data, John Warren, Mine Foreman; started operation in 1914."
The analysis of this sample, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 55 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The following information concerning this mine is taken from pages 408-409 of the Raleigh County Report of the Survey:
*'The following are results of analyses made by the Spring Coal Company, 50 Congress Street, Boston, Mass., from samples taken from cars shipped to tidewater from the mines:
West Virginia Geological Survey. 553
"Average analysis of seven cargoes shipped prior to July 1, 1913:
Per cent
VolaUle Matter 28.97
Fixed Carbon 66.00
Ash 6.03
Total 100.00
Sulphur 0.68
B. T. U 14,801
"Average analysis taken from three cargoes 2000 tons each, shipped October, 1913:
Per cent
Moisture 1.72
Fixed Carbon 67.01
VolaUle Matter '. 27.24
Ash 4.03
Total 100.00
Sulphur 0.86
Fusing temperature of ash, 2570® F.
Evaporation, 10.64 pounds "water per pound of dry coal from and at 212*' F.
"Analysis cargo per barge 'Dunlo' B/L January 13, 1914:
Per cent.
Moisture 0.543
Volatile Matter 27.277
Fixed Carbon 67.450
Ash 4.730
Total ii 100.000
"Analysis of coal shipped by barge 'Carrie Clark' B/L April 24, 1914:
Per cent
Volatile Matter 29.73
Ash 4.06
Total lOO.OO
Sulphur 0.80
"Analysis of coal shipped per Schr: 'Mary IE). Palmer* B/L* November 6, 1914, 2323 tons:
Per cent.
Moisture 4.78
Volatile Matter v 27.64
Fixed Carbon 62.69
Ash 4.89
Total 100.00
Sulphur 0.90
"Analysis of coal per barge 'J. B. Walker* B/L November 30, 1914, 3385 tons:
Per cent.
Moisture 2.06
VolaUle Matter 26.66
Fixed Carbon ; 66.78
Ash 6.60
Total 100.00
"Ck>al ash tested in the form of a cone placed horizontally in a furnace with an oxidizing atmosphere began to bend at 2700*" F., and was completely bent at 2766° F.
"The coal is very friable and mines easily; the slate roof is generally good and the fire clay floor hard and smooth, which makes it an ideal pick mining coal.'
9f
The foregoing analyses and calorific tests are very interesting, in that they show a coal of remarkable purity and high heating value, possessing almost as many British Thermal Units per pound of coal as the famous New River and Pocahontas beds of West Virginia. It carries here almost a thousand British Thermal Units per pound more than in the Montgomery region of Fayette, a feature that shows the tendency of the coal beds to lose their volatile constituents as the mountainous region of the State is approached as a direct result of metamorphic action. This causes a corresponding increase in the fixed carbon content and its calorific Value, a feature in connection with the coals of the Kanawha Group that apparently takes place in Fayette where the beds of the latter group overlap the minable areas of the coals of the New River Group.
Willis Branch Coal Co. Mine — No. 56 on Map II.
ff
On head of Willis Branch, 1.2 miles due west of Herherton; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 2676' L.
Coal, gas r 3"
Slate, 1" to 0 0
Coal 0 2
Slate 0 2
Coal, gas, columnar 4 6 6 1
The above section is as measured by Mr. C. E. Krebs, formerly an Assistant Geologist of the Survey, as published on
West Virginia Geological Survey. 555
page 409 of the Raleigh County Report, and the coal erroneously correlated by him with the Alma bed, as will appear from an examination of the Herberton Section, page 193, and the introductory remarks in connection therewith.
The following section of the coal at this mine was measured by the author:
Feet. Inches.
Shale, argiUaceous, visible 4 0
Coal, soft, columnar 0' 7 "
Slate, dark-gray, lenticular, 0" ^
Slate, dark-gray, %" to 0 1
Coal, soft, columnar, 2" to 0 3
Slate, dark-gray 0 2
Coal, soft, columnar 4 0
Slate, gray, 1" to 0 2
Coal, soft, columnar, 4" to... . 0 6 No. 2 Gas 6 8
*K}oal owned by McKinley Land Company, of Lewisburg, W. Va.; John B. Laing, President; Thomas living, Vice-President; shipped east to New England States for steam, and sell Virginian Railway Company 50 to 60 car-loads monthly for fuel steam; coal is exceptionally good for by-product purposes; average daily output, 400 long tons, 9-hour day; men employed, 60 inside, and 15 outside."
The above information was secured by the writer in 1916. Later information was secured by Mr. A. M. Hagan in 1918 when he visited the mine to sample the coal for analysis, as
Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, gas 0' 8 "
«o
'Nos. 5, 6, and 7 of above section are not mined; daily capacity, 900 tons; daily output, 800 tons; coal owned hy Willis Branch Ooal Company; principal office, Willis Branch, W. Va.; 40 laborers and 100 miners employed; motor haulage; used for hy-product purposes and steam fuel; shipped east; greatest rise, S. 52° R; sample No. 944H collected by A. M. Hagan from Nos. 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 for analysis; sample taken and section measured in Room 25, Main 5 £}ntry, 1500 feet in; authority for mine data^ T. K. Laing, General Manager; operation started in 1915."
The analysis of this sample, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 56 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Mountain Cave District.
In Mountain Cove District, the Campbell Creek Coal, including both the Peerless and No. 2 Gas members, is confined to the northwest portion, high up on the slopes of Gauley Mountain, and its intimately associated spurs, as shown in detail on Figure 13, page 499, and on Map II. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Ansted and Mulvane — 1 Mile Southwest, pages 171 and 173, respectively. It has been prospected considerably and mined extensively on a commercial scale on the waters of Mill Creek. Its description at these openings and other exposures will now be given.
Gauley Mountain Coal Co. Mine — No. 52 on Map II.
On Mill Creek waters, 1.0 mile N. 20° W. of Ansted; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1729' L.; section measured at south end of tunnel through to head of Rich Creek, by the author.
1. CoaJ, gas, reported, 1' 6" to... 2' 0 "
7. Coal, columnar, hard 1 10%
9. Coal, columnar, hlock, softer. . . 1 2
'The west end of this tunnel, driven on No. 2 Gas Coal, is 57 feet lower, according to R. C. Taylor, General Manager. On Rich Creek, Mr. Taylor reports that parting No. 8 expands to 40 feet and only that portion above it is mined on Rich Creek. At Jodie both and mined. Principal office, Ansted, W. Va.; used for domestic, gas and steam purposes; coal owned by Company; number of men employed, 125 miners, 110 laborers, and 40 coke workers; capacity, 1000 tons daily; output, 600 tons daily; electric haulage; coke output, 175 tons daily; 152 beehive coke ovens, old type; R. C. Taylor, Superintendent, authority for mine data.'
West Virginia Geological Survey. 557
The following section at this mine was measured by R. W. Edmonds as published by Dr. White on pages S74-S of Volume II :
Feet. Inches.
Coal 1' 8"
Slate 2 0
Draw slate 0 6
Coal 1 6
Slate and coal 0 6
Coal 3 6 9 7
"Butts, N. 45*" W.; faces, N. 45*» B.; greatest rise, S. 25*» El
"The uppermost bench of this coal appears to represent the 'Peerless' member of the Campbell Creek bed, with the slate interval thinned down to only two feet When this interval is thin, the coal is takdn out, but when it thickens, (as it does to several feet in many portions of the Oauley Mountain Company's mine), this portion of the bed is then abandoned."
The analysis of a sample of the coal from this mine, collected by Mr. Edmonds and analyzed by Prof. Hite, as pub- Ushed by Dr. White on page 575 of Volume II and republished by him under No. 9 on page 276 of Bulletin 2, is given under Mine No. 52 in Table 1.
Mr. Edmonds also collected a sample of the coke made at this mine, the analysis of same being made by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White, under No. 7 on page 574 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 366 of Volume 11(A) and pages 263-4 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. This analysis is given under No, 52 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
Two sections at the above mine were measured and sampled by J. S. Burrows of the U. S. Geological Survey in 1904, as given on page 907 of Bulletin 22, Part II, of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, Section A (sample 1257) being measured in room 27, off entry 9, while Section B (sample 1258) was measured in room 15, off entry 15. The analyses of these samples are given under Mine No. 52 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter, as also the analysis of Sample No. 1515, which was taken from 35 tons of run-of-mine coal. At the point where sample No. 1257 was taken, the bed had a thickness of 53}i inches, 48yi inches being the section cut for sample, while at 1258 the thickness was 52 J4 inches and 5154-inch cut. These analyses were published on page 223 of the Bulletip above cited, where the
Coal And Coke.
reader will also find calculations of same on "moisture free" and ''moisture and ash free" bases. The analyses as given in the table in this volume referred to were also published by the U. S. Geological Survey on page 56 of Bulletin 261 in 1905.
For results of tests of this coal, see mention of specific tests as follows — steaming tests: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 48, pp. 881-8» Bull. 261, p. 82; Bureau of Mines Bull. 23, p. 69; producer-gas tests: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 48, p. 1258; Bureau of Mines Bull. 13, pp. 216, 276; coking tests: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 48, p. 1362; Bull. 261 pp. 128. 132; cupola tests of coke: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 48, p. 1385, which are given on the following pages:
Test No. 53 — Regular and special observations on test of West Virginia
No. 8 coal, Novenf>bei' 11, 1904.
REXJULiAR. (Duration of trial, 9.983 hours)
I I Tempermtttres | Calorimeter Pressures
T5Fnr
Flue Gases
Time
V
bo
«
U
V
u
5
V
:e
3
lA
c
1
u
V
o
n o
&
u c«
_c«o
u
c «
U V
Ct-H
Lbs. 1 82 80 83 80 74 85 80 86
•F. 54 55 55 65 67 57 57 58 59 60 58 59 60 60 61 62 62 61 62 63 63 63 63 63 62 62 62 61 6S 62
«F. 565 570 555 535 530 545 540 551 630 515 525 550 520 520 525 518 515 550 540 570 550 560 565 530 560 530 526 515 545 590
Lbs.
Lbs.
1
P.C.
P.C. P.C.
S:00
ft:20
.0
.0
.8
.4
.1
.1
Jj-20
.0
.0
"•f.'i*
.0
~l,'7d8 59. ft
T6;24b 541
"37T37 4.15
Total ... Avcrafge . .
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Test No. 53 — Regular and special observations on test of West Virginia
No. 8 coal, November 11, 1904.
Continued.
SPECLAXr.
Weight of water fed to boiler
Height of water.
Weight of coal burned
Time.
In tank.
In gage
glass.
Start,
8:S5
Close,
Inches. 40 16J4 J4
Inches.
07a
8
8
6
During period.
Pounds.
During period.
Total.
_ Total.
Pounds. 1 Pounds. I Pounds.
Record of Furnace Conditions.
I! Time
Tmie
Observation.
Observation.
IPoiler under a load during night. 1
Fire sliced, 12 Inches thick.
Fire raked, 12 inches thick.
7:86!Test started, fire 3 inches thick.
Fire sliced; some clinkers taken out.
7: 53 'Fire raked, S inches thick.
' 1:11
Fire raked, 10 inches thick.
8:47 Fire rakeri, 10 inches thick.
Fire raked, 10 inches thick.
9:00|F'umace door opened for 6 minutes.
I 2:08
Fire raked, 10 inches thick.
I Injector not working.
Fire raked, 10 inches thick.
Fire raked, 10 inches thick.
Fire sliced.
Fire raked, 10 inches thick.
Fire raked, 10 inches thick.
Fire raked. 10 inches thick.
Fire raked, 12 inches thick.
Fire raked', 12 inches thick.
Fire raked, 10 inches thick.
Fire sliced.
Cleaning fire.
Fire raked, 12 inches thick.
Fire cleaned, 3 inches thick.
Fire raked, 12 inches thick.
Test closed, fire 3 inches thick.
Ash white, fine, and light. Clinkers light gray. Coal burned very freely, with long flame; coked a little; fire easily handled. 100 firings during test
Steam test of West Virginia No. 8 Coal.
Conditions Of Boiler Trial.
Test number, 53.
Made by boiler division, United States Geological Survey. At fuel-testing plant, Louisiana Purchase ETxposition, St. Louis,
Mo. Kind of boiler, Heine safety. To determine the economy of coal as a fuel. Principal conditions governing trial, see general report. Steam
jets not operated. Hughes apparatus operated. Kind of fuel, West Virginia No. 8. Kind of furnace, hand fired. State of the weather, cloudy.
Method of starting and stopping the test. Alternate. Number of boiler (plant numiber), 2. Type of boiler, water tube.
1. Date of trial, November 11, 1904.
2. Duration of trial hours 9 . 983
Dimensions And Proportions.
3. Grate surface square feet 40 .55
4. Height of furnace inches 26
5. Approximate width of air spaces in grate inches .5
6 Proportion of air surface to whole grate surface .per cent 44
6.1 Area of chimney square feet 7.67
6.2 Height of chimney above grate feet 113 .25
6.3 Length of flue connecting to chimney feet None.
7. Water-heating surface square feet 2,031
7.1 Outside diameter of shell inches 42 .94
7.2 Length of shell (outside to outside of heads) feet 21.58
7.5 Length of tubes exposed feet 17.87
8. Superheating surface square feet None.
9. Ratio of water-heating surface to grate surface 50.1:1
10. Ratio of minimum draft area to grate surface 1:9.1
Average Pressures.
"• ^''--eter { •''*'''*^ *" °|^S uil
11.1 Steam pressure by gage per square inch { ^^^ .g;2^
12. Force of draft between damper and boiler. Inches of
water 37
13. Force of draft in furnace inches of water . 12
14. Force of draft or blast in ash pit inches of water 0
"A-bfiolute.
Average Temperatures.
15. Of external air degrees 42.
18. Of feed water in tank degrees 54.8
19. Of feed water entering economizer degrees
20. Of feed water entering boiler degrees 193
21. Of escaping gases from boiler , degrees 541
22. Of escaping gases from economizer degrees
Fuel.
23. Size and condition: Nut — small, 50 per cent.; slack, 50
per cent; bright
24. Weight of wood used In lighting fire pounds None.
25. Weight of coal as fired pounds 7,997
26. Percentage of moisture in coal 5.26
27. Total weight of dry coal consumed pounds 7,576
28. Total ash and refuse pounds 754
29. Quality of ash and refuse: Clinker per cent 44
30. Total combustible consumed j ^unds 4!849
31. Percentage of ash and refuse in dry coal 9.95
'Calculated from chemistry of ash.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 561
Proximate Analysis Of Coal.
Per cent Per cent, of
of coaL combtiBtible.
33. Volatile matter 31.19 36.6
36. Sulphur, separately determined 0.74
Ultimate Analysis Of Qry Coal.
43. Moisture in aample of coal as received 5.26
Analysis Of Ash And Refuse.
45. Earthy matter per cent 76.86
Fuel Per Hour.
46. Dry coal consumed per hour pounds 759
47. Combustible consumed per hour i pounds •eld
48. Dry coal per square foot of grate surface per
hour pounds 18.72
49. Combustible per square foot of -water-heating C pounds .386
Calorific Value Of Fuel. •
50. Calorific value by oxygen calorimeter per pound of dry
coal, B. T. U 14,436
51. Calorific value by oxygen calorimeter per pound of combustible
, B. T. U 15 W4
52. Calorific value by analysis per pound of dry coal, B. T. U. 14)474
53. Calorific value by analysis per pound of combustible,
B. T. U 15,606
Quality Of Steam.
54. Percentage of moisture in steam 424
55. Number of degrees of superheating None.
56. Quality of steam (dry steam=unity ) per cent. 99 . 68
•
K^calculated from chemistry of ash.
#
Water.
57. Total weight of water fed to boiler pounds 60,947
59. EJquivalent water fed to boiler from and at
59. Water actually evaporated, corrected for
quality of steam do. 60,752
60. Factor of evaporation 1.1994
61. Bquivalent water evaporated into dry steam
from and at 212'' pounds 72,866
Water Per Hour.
62. Water evaporated per hour, corrected for
quality of steam pounds 6,086
63. S}quivalent evaporation per hour from and at
64. Equivalent evaporation per hour from and at
212"* per square foot of water-heating surface pounds 8.59
Horse-Power.
rated per hour Into dry steam from and at 212 ""^l
66. Builders* rated horse-power 210
67. Percentage of builders' rated horse-power developed 100.74
•
Economic Results.
68. Water apparently evaporated under conditions
69. Bquivalent evaporation from and at 212° per
pound of coal as fired. (Item 61-^item 25) . . . pounds 9.11
70. E3quivalent evaporation from and at 212** per
pound of dry coal. (Item 61-4-item 27). pounds 9.62
71. Equivalent evaporation from and at 212'' per( do. 10.68
« Efficiency.
boiler per pound of combustible divided by ( per cent. 6C.27 the heat value of 1 pound of combustible.. \ do. *66.02 78. Efficiency of boiler, including the grate (heat absorbed by the boiler per pound of dry coal divided by the heat value of 1 pound of dry coal) percent 64.85
'Calculated from chemistry of ash.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 563
Cost Of Jevaporation.
74. Cost of coal per ton of 2,000 pounds delivered In boiler
76. Cost of fuel for evaporating 1,000 pounds of water under
observed conditions $0.0656
76. Cost of fuel used for evaporating 1,000 pounds of water
from and at 212» $0.0549
Smoke Observations.
77. Percentage of smoke as observed 46.2
78. Weight Of soot per hour obtained from smoke
meter ounces ....
79. Volume of soot per hour obtained from smoke
meter cubic inches ....
Methods Of Firing.
80. Kind of firing (spreading, alternate, or coking) .Alternate.
81« Average thickness of fire inches 1(^-12
82. Average intervals between firing for each furnace during time when fires are in normal
condition minutes 6
88. Average intervals between times of leveling or
breaking up do. 30
Analysis Of The Dry Gases.
87. Hydrogen and hydrocarbons do.
HEAT BALANCE, OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE HEATINQ VALUE OF THE COMBUSTIBLE.
Total heat value of 1 pound of combustible, B. T. U. 16,564
B. T. U. Percent
1. Heat absorbed by the boiler=evaporation
from and at 212® per poimd of combustible X
2. Loss due to moisture in coal=per cent, of
moisture referred to combustible -!- 100 X [(212-t) +966+0.48 (T-212)] (t=temperature of air In the boiler room; T=that of the fine gases) 76 .49
3. Loss due to moisture formed by the burning of
hydrogeh=per cent, of hydrogen to combustible-f-100x9X [(212-t) +966+0.48 (T-212] 629 4.04
4. Loss due to heat carried away in the dry chim.
ney gases=weight of gas per pound of combustible X 0.24 X(T-t) 2,813 18.08
•Calculated from chemistry of ash.
B. T. U. Per cent.
6. Loss due to incomplete combustion of carbon= CO per cent. C in combustible
X X 10,150.. 90 .68
COa+CO 100
6. Loss due to unconsumed hydrogen and hydrocarbons, to heating the moisture in the air, to radiation, and unaccounted for. (Some of these losses may be separately itemized if data are obtained from which they may be calculated) 1,681 10.79
Dry coal per indicated horse-power hour = 2.94 pounds. Dry coal per electrical horse-power hour = 3.63 i>ounds.
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Gas Analyses.
Time.
CO,. I 0,. I CO. I H,. |CH,.I N. I Totalis. T. U.
a.m.'. a.m. . p. m. , p. m. , p.m.. p.m.. p.m.. p. m. . a. m.*». a.m. . a. m.. a.m.. a. m. . a.m. . p.m..
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'January 20. Vanuary 21.
Producer-gas test No. 19, West Virginia No. 8 coal.
(Recorded by W. C. Weldmann and Kurt Toensfeldt, January 20, 21, 1905.)
1. Duration of test, in hours 21
Average Temperature, ""F.
Outside Power Charged Against Producer Plant.
7. Total steam used by producer pounds 6,775
8. Steam used by producer per hour do. 275
9. Equivalent in pounds of coal per hour 36.1
10. Equivalent in pounds of dry coal per hour 35.1
11. Equivalent In pounds of combustible per hour. . 83
12. Average horse-power required to drive auxiliary
machinery 9.6
Coal Consumed In Producer. .
16. Total coal consumed pounds 6,900
17. Moisture in coal per cent. 2.66
18. Total dry coal consumed pounds 6,720
19. Refuse from dry coal per cent. 5 . 92
20. Total refuse from coal pounds 397.8
21. Total combustible consumed do. 6,322.2
22. Coal consumed in producer do. 328.6
23. Dry coal consumed in producer do. 320 . 1
24. Combustible consumed in producer do. 301 . 1
25. Equivalent coal used by producer plant do. 364.7
26. Equivalent dry coal used by producer plant. ... do. 355.1
27. Equivalent combustible used by producer plant do. 334.1
Coal Consumed Per Square Foot Of Fuel Bed Per Hour.
British Thermal Units From Coal.
31. Per pound of coal as fired 14,168
32. Per pound of dry coal 14,668
33. Per pound of combustible 15,470
34. From coal as fired, per hour 4.660,000
36. From dry coal, per hour 4,660,000
Gas Produced, Cubic Feet.
(Qas at 62® F. and 14.7 pounds pressure).
39. Per pound coal consumed in producer 66.9
40. Per pound dry coal consumed In producer 68.4
41. Per pound combustible consumed in producer 62.
42. Per pound equivalent coal used by producer plant. . 61.3
43. Per pound equivalent dry coal used by producer
plant 62.6
44. Per pound equivalent combustible used by producer
plant 66. 9
British Thermal Units From Standard Gas.
46. Per pound dry coal burned in producer 9,070
47. Per hour per brake horse-power 12,340
Average Horse-Power Developed.
48. Electrical horsepower available for outside purposes
190.3
49. Electrical horse-power developed at switch-board. . . 199.9
60. Brake horse-power available for outside purposes . . . 224
61. Brake horse-power developed at engine 236
Efficiencies.
62. ' Of conversion and cleaning gas . 622
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Coal Per Hor&E-Power Per Hour.
Combustible.
Pounds consumed in producer per electrical horse-power available for outside purposes
Pounds consumed in producer per electrical horse-power developed at switchboard
Pounds consumed in producer per brake horse-power* available for outside purposes
Pounds consumed in producer per brake horse-power* developed at engine
Equivalent pounds used by producer plant per electrical horse-power avail-j able for outside purposes
59. Equivalent pounds used by producer
plant per electrical horse4K>wer developed at switchboard
60. Equivalent pounds used by producer
plant per brake horse-power* available for outside purposes
61. B)quivalent pounds used by producer
plant per brake horse-power* developed at engine
belt.
*Based on an assumed efficiency of 85 per cent, for generator and
Average Composition Of Coal And Gas.
Moisture 2.66
Volatile matter . . 32.58
BUzed carbon 59.00
Ash 5.76
Total 100.00
Sulphur 0.94
Carbon monoxide
Total 100.00
"After the first twenty-one or twenty-two hours the load carried was somewhat irregular. On this account the report is made up from the records of the twenty-one hours from 9:40 a. m., January 20 to 6:40 a. m. January 21.
"This is a good producer coal, although it is hard to keep the fuel bed from getting hot on accoimt of the large amount of pulverized coal in this particular sample. The gas was of good uniform quality. About 75 gallons of black tar were extracted."
Gas Engine.
Following are results of tests by gas engine :
Recorded by K. Toensfeldt and W. C. Weidmann, January 20, 21, 1905. Producer test No. 19.
Coal: General number, West Virginia No. 8; special number, G. P. 19. Car initials and number, C. and O. 15946.
Duration of test, in hours 21
Cubic feet gas per hour, by meter 19,090
Cubic feet standard gas per hour (i. e., 62** F., 14.7
Maximum pressure:
First cylinder 238
Second cylinder 233
Third cylinder 257
Pressure at release:
First cylinder 28
Second cylinder 29
Third cylinder 25.7
Mean effective pressure:
BMrst cylinder 60.5
Second cylinder 61 . 2
Third cylinder 53.3
Indicated horse-power:
First cylinder 96.33
Second cylinder 97 . 40
Third cylinder 84 93
Total indicated horse-power 278 .66
Mechanical efficiency (engine and generator combined) per cent ' 71.7
Cubic feet standard gas per hour per indicated horsepower '. 67
Cubic feet standard gas per hour per electrical horsepower 93.5
Coking Tests.
'West Virginia No. 8 (Mine 52 on Map II). — ^Run-of.mine coal from Gauley Mountain Coal Company, Ansted, W. Va.
"This test was made on 11,000 pounds of unwashed coal, which was burned for 66 hours and yielded 7,124 pounds, or 64.7 per cent, of coke, and 589 pounds of ash and breeze. The coke was hard, of good color, although of somewhat Irregular cell structure. Chemical composition: Coal. Coke.
Moisture 3.82 2.79
Volatile Matter 31.77 0.53
Fixed Carbon 57.21 82.37
Ash 7.20 14.31
Sulphur 0.89 0.77
Phosphorus 0.0116
West Virginia Geological Survey. 573
Amount of coal charged in oven (pounds) 11,000
Specific gravity of coke 1. 92
Per cent, of coke produced 64 . 7
Remarks: Hard, good color.
Percentage by volume, coke 53
Percentage by volume, cells 47
Compressive strength per cubic inch (one-fourth ultimate
Height of furnace charge supported without crushing
Hardness of coke 3.0
"The coke made of this coal would be considered very fine if it did not show cross fractures which tend to make It brittle. It has a good color and a metallic ring, and is low in sulphur and phosphorus, though the ash is somewhat high. It is hard and will carry a good burden. The cell structure is irregular and by repeated handling the coke broke up into small pieces. The coal showed a large amount of slate, appearing again as ash in the coke, which could be reduced by washing."
Foundry (Cupola) Te^ta of Coke from Mine 52 on Map II.
Analysis Of Coke.
Per cent.
-Sulphur 0.70
Sulphur in ash 0.04
Volatile Carbon 0.35
Fixed Carbon 86.38
Ash 12.52
Phosphorus 0.012
Moisture 0 .75
Specific gravity, 1.94
Coke 220 54 52 52 52 430
Pig iron 660 398 398 398 396 2,250
Scrap 220 134 132 132 132 750
Record of Molt
Blaat pressure averages 7^ ounces. Blast on, 11:18 a.m. Iron running, 11:30 a.m. Iron In 12 minutes.
Pounds.
Ladle No. 1, 11:36 a. m 160
Ladle No. 2, 11:39 a. m 200
Ladle No. 3, 11:42 a. m 175
Ladle No. 4, 11:44 a. m 210
Ladle No. 6, 11:46 a. m 190
Ladle No. 6, 11:47 a.m 245
Ladle No. 7, 11:49 a. m 180
Ladle No. 8, 11:50 a. m 245
Ladle No. 9, 11:52 a. m 170
Ladle No. 10, 11:52 a. m 240
Ladle No. 11, 11:56 a. m 160
Ladle No. 12, 11 : 58 a. m 175
Total iron poured 2,350
Iron recovered 445
Coke recovered 20
Melting loss. 6.8 per cent.
"Fluidity strips ran up well. Iron hot Standard branch of foun* dry coke used for comparison. Good hot iron except at very last. The fixed condition of test required a heavier coke bed than is good practice with this heavy coke. Hence it took 12 minutes to get iron^ and left too little coke for the upper charges. Coke can be recommended for foundry use."
Signal Knob Coal Co. Mine — No. 53 on Map II.
On Mill Creek waters, 1.4 miles N. 30** E. of Ansted; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1805' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches. Coal : 5 0
'Principal office, Ansted, W. Va.: used for steam; shipped east; leased from Gauley Mountain Company; 24 miners and 20 laborers employed; daily capacity, 500 tons; daily output, 300 tons; mule haulage; R. C. Taylor, Superintendent of Gauley Mountain Coal Company, authority for mine data."
West Virginia Geological Survey. 575
Craft & Evans Pine Top Mine— No. 54 on Map II.
On Mill Creek waters, V^ mile due south of Mine No. 52; Camp>b«4l Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 11 WB.; examined by the author.
Feet. Inches.
10. Coal, gas, soft, with 2"
bone in middle 1 1 6 V
"Butts, N. 65° E.; faces, S. 25*" E.; greatest rise, S. 30** E.; mine capacity, 125 tons; men employed, 10; coal shipped east by rail for domestic and general fuel purposes with the Gauley Mountain Coal Company's output; sample from Nos. 8, 5, 7, and 8, the analysis of which was published by Dr. White under No. 20 on page 394 of Volume 11(A) and republished by him under the same number on page 265 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey.
"The slate No. 9 varies greatly in thickness, sometimes thinning away entirely, and again increasing to 15 feet or more. When it thickens the coal (No. 10) below is not mined."
The above-mentioned analysis is given under Mine No. 54 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter. The mine was abandoned when this region was visited in 1916.
Coal Opening — No. 341 on Map II.
On Shade Creek, east side of hill road, 1.8 miles N. 50° E. of An^ sted; Campbell Cfeek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1946' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, visible 8 0
Coal, soft, columnar 0' 11"
Shale, dark-gray 0 1
Coal, soft, columnar 0 8
Shale, dark, %" to 0 1
Coal, soft, 1" to 0 2
Slate, dark-gray 0 2
Coal, medium-soft, columnar. .2 9 4 10
Slate, gray.
Coal Prospect — No. 341A on Map II, on south hillside, Yi mile northeast of Ansted; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1885' B. ; examined by author, was closed and thickness not learned.
In hill road, ^ mile west of Ansted; Campbell Greek (No. 2 Gas); Coal; eleyation, 1820' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal blossom, heavy, on bench 5 0
Andrew McGraw Coal Opening — No. 343 on Map II.
On west side of branch of Turkey Creek, 1.6 miles N. 20** W. of Hawks Nest; Cam|>bell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; eleyaUon, 1735' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate 1 1
Coal 0 2
Slate 0 3
Coal, gas 1 2
Bone 0 2
Coal 2 0
Allen Parish Coal Opening — No. 344 on Map II.
On west side of branch of Turkey Creek, 1.5 miles N. 20° W. of Hawks Nest; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1740' B.
Feet. Inches.
Slate 1 2
Coal 0 2
Slate 0 4
Coal, gas 1 2
Bone 0 2
Coal, gas 2 1
Slate, gray 0 1
PLATE XIX. — View Btaowlng coal tipple and Incline railway to opening
in Sewell Coal of Man- Branch Coal Co., on west hillside of
New Rlrer at Whitney; cliff of Lower Nuttall
Sandstone near aky-llne.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 577
Lydia Dempsey Coal Opening — No. 345 on Map II.
On west side of branch of Turkey Creek, 1.3 miles N. 25** W. of Hawks Nest; Campbeii Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1745' B.: section taken 25 feet under hill by Teets.
Feet. Inchos.
Slate, gray 1 0
Coal 0 2
Slate, gray 0 3
Coal, gas 1 4
Coal, bony Q 2
Coal, gas 2 0
Coal Opening — No. 348 on Map II.
On head of Turkey Creek, 2.1 miles due north of Hawks Nest; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1735' (B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
No. 6 of section runs regular throughout the mine. The slate, No. 3 of section, thickens and thins rapidly ; will change to 12 or 18 inches in 200 or 300 feet. The above section was measured in No. 3 entry west.
J. H. McMichen Coal Opening — No. 346 on Map II. '
On west hillside of Big Creek, 2^^ miles north of Cotton Hill; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gias) Coal; elevation, 1690' B.; examined by Teets. '
Feet. Inches.
Slate 0 3
Coal, gas 1 4
Bone 0 2
Coal And Coke.
Joseph Tenber Coal Opening — No. 347 on Map II.
On west hillside of Big Creek, % mile northeast of Opening No. 346; Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas) Coal; elevation, 1650' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, massive, visible 10 0
Coal Available.
Either the Peerless or No. 2 Gas members of the Campbell Creek Coal, or both, appear to be minable throughout the region of their occurrence in Fayette. Based on the evidence given on the preceding pages and a planimetric determination by A. M. Hagan of the area of this bed as limited on Figure 13, page 499, from Map II, the following estimate is made by the author for the available tonnage in the County:
Probable Amount of Campbell Creek (Peerless and
District.
06
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p-4
Gq
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Fails
Mountain Cove. Fayetteville . . .
6
7
Totals for County] | 98.98| 63,347.2| 19vl80,617,984| 767,224,719
The Powellton (Brownstovsrn) Coal, described briefly in Chapter VI, page 256, appears to attain minable dimensions and regularity over most of the area indicated for this bed on Figure 14. It has been mined commercially in both Falls and Kanawha Districts, and it has been prospected considerably
West Virginia Geological Survey. 579
by the large land-holding companies. Its thickness and character at these openings and other exposures will now be described by magisterial districts.
Falls District.
The Powellton (Brownstown) Coal outcrops above drainage in Falls District except in the northwest border, as shown on Figure 14. Its thickness and stratigraphic position in this District are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Cannelton, Boomer, Boomer — }i Mile East, Vanetta, Gamoca, Wyndal, and Albion, and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 1-7, inclusive, on Map II, all of which are referenced in the Index. It was once mined for a short time on a commercial scale in Falls District, according to Teets, who obtained the following data at this abandoned opening:
Lynchburg Colliery Co. Mine — No. 57 on Map II.
On south hillside of Sand Branch, 0.9 mile due east of Vanetta; Powellton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 1330' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches. Sandstone, Brownstown, massive, medium-grained, visible 40 0
Slate, gray 2 0
Coal, gas 0' 8"
Slate and coal, Impure 0 2
Coal, medium-hard 0 11
Slate, black 0 1
Coal, gas, to water 1 2 3 0
Concealed by water.
The above opening occurs 66 feet by hand-level under the No. 2 Gas Coal, according to Teets.
Coal Opening — No. 348A on Map II.
On west hillside of Lick Branch of Rich Creek, 1.3 miles south of Jodie; Powellton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 1150' B.; examined by Tfeets. p^^^ Inches.
Slate, iron ore nodules, visible '. 10 0
Coal, gas r 1"
Bone 0 2
Coal 1 3
Slate, gray 0 2
Coal, gas 3 6 6 2
c8o
Coal And Coke.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 58I
Gauley Mountain Coal Co. Opening — No. 349 on Map II.
■
On east hillside of Rich Creek, opposite mouth of Bridge Fork; Powellton (Brawnstown) Coal; elevation, 1220' B.; section reported to Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate 0 3
Coal 1 3 3 11
Kanawha District.
In Kanawha District, the Powellton (Brownstown) Coal attains a fine development and has been mined extensively on i» commercial scale on the waters of Armstrong and Paint Creeks, where it is easily accessible to drift openings. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Mt. Carbon, Beckwith, Kimberly, Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, Elk Ridge, Powell - ton — J4 Mile Northwest, Head of Powellton Fork, Page, Head of Johnson Fork, Keeferton, Kingston — 1.7 Miles West, and Kingston, page references to which are given in the Index ; in the logs of Wells Nos. 22 and 48 on Map II ; and in the log of Coal Test Boring No. 12 on Map II, just in the edge of Kanawha County, page 397.
Mt. Carbon Co., Ltd., Vulcan Mine (Abandoned) —
No. 58 on Map II.
On east hillside of Powellton Fork, 2.2 miles southeast of Powell-ton; Powellton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 1590' B.; examined by the author.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, Brownstown, brown, micaceous, visible 25 0
Shale, sandy, buff, plant fossils 8 0
Coal 2 4
Slate 0 3
Coal 3 6 6 6
"Draw slate was reported by A. P. Brady as varying from I to 20 feet Butts, N. 77 *» E.; faces, N. 13** W. The above mine has been abandoned for 7 years. The opening occurs 100 feet above the Elagle Coal."
The analysis of a sample of the coal collected by Mr. Brady, as reported by. Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White on page 589 of Volume II and republished by him on page 258 of Bulletin 2 and page 344 of Volume II (A) of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 58 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Mr. Brady also collected a sample of the coke made at the above mine for analysis by Prof. Hite, whose report, as published by Dr. White under No. 4 on page 5sX) of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 259 of Bulletin 2, is given under Mine No. 58 in Table 2.
In Table 3 at the end of this Chapter, three analyses are given under Mine No. 58 under laboratory Nos. 1208, 1209, and 1561. The bed was measured and sampled at two points by J. S. Burrows of the U. S. Greological Survey on October 6, 1904; section ^A (sample 1208) was measured in an entry on the extreme north side of the mine, with a total bed thickness of 6' 5" and a thickness of coal sampled of 5' 6"; while section B (sample 1209) was measured on the extreme south side of the mine, where the coal bed had a thickness of 5' 1" and the portion sampled measured 4' 5". Sample 1561 was from a carload of 30 tons of run-of-mine coal. These analyses were published on page 237 of Bulletin 22, U. S. Bureau of Mines, and also on page 57 of Bulletin 261 of the U. S. Geological Survey, while the sections measured by Mr. Burrows were published on page 939 of Bulletin 22 referred to above.
''For results of tests of this coal, see mention of specific tests as follows — steaming tests: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 48, pages 889- 896; Bull. 261, page 82; Bureau of Mines Bull. 23, page 69; producer-gas tests: U. S. G«ol. Survey Prof. Paper 48, pages 1269-91; Bull. 261, page 112; Bureau of Mines Bull. 13, pages 217, 276; washing tests: TJ. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 48, page 1473; Bull. 261, pages 72-3; coking tests: U. S. Oeol. Survey Prof. Paper 48, pages 1363-4; Bull. 261, pages 128, 132-3.
"For additional chemical analyses, see U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 48, page 257; Bull. 261. p. 57."
A number of the tests mentioned above are given on the following pages as taken from the Reports cited.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Steaming Tests.
Test No. 69. — Regular and special observations on test of West Virginia No. 9 coal, November 30, 1904.
Regular.
Steam pressure gage.
Temperatures.
Calorimeter.
Drah pressures.
Flue gases.
1
-a
0
•
s §
hi
jj ...
0
u
Is
.a
6
-0
•
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n
«
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cS
<5 u
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6
g
Lbs.
88
92
86
90
84
93
97
99
91
86
95
99
91
98
97
97
99
96
97
96
91
83
83
-F.
40
41
43
43
45
46
47
49
50
61
63
54
55
66
66
56
67
68
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
69
59
59
57
55
•F. 1 566 566 565 600 600 580 582 503 650 572 566 612 567 567 662 602 690 569 587 592 671 676 687 572 687 602 686 579 587 556
1
Lbs.
Lbs.
P.C. 8.2
P.C.
P.C. 0.0
.0
.0
■
.0
Ic.6
.0
.0
.0
1
.8
.0
.1
j
'1
1
Total.. Average
Coal And Coke.
Test No. 69. — Regular and special observations on test of West Virginia No. 9 coal, November 30, 1904.
Continued.
Special.
Time
Height of water
In tank.
In gagre glass
Weight of water fed to boiler.
During period.
Total.
During period.
Total.
Start, 7:40
8:S5
Close, 5:49
isyi
27
40
Pounds.
Pounds.
Record Of Furnace Conditions.
Time. |
Obseivation.
Observation.
No load on boiler during night. Fire cleaned.
Test started, fire 3 inches thick. Fire raked, 6 inches thick. Fire raked, 8 inches thick. Fire raked, 9 inches thick. Fire raked. 10 inches thick. Fire raked| 10 inches thick. Fire raked, 10 inches thick. Fire raked, 10 inches thick. Fire sliced; no clinkers on grate.
Fire raked.
Fire raked, 8 inches thick. Fire raked, 10 inches thick, ire raked, 10 inches thick. Fire raked, 10 inches thick. Fire raked, 9 inches thick. Fire raked, 8 inches thick. I Cleaning fire. Fire cleaned; no clinkers, only large
pieces of free ash on grate. Test closed, fire 8 inches thick.
Refuse light in weight and white in color. Coal burned freely, with a white flame. Fire handled easily. 94 firings during test.
Steam test of West Virginia No. 9 coat. CONDITIONS OF BOILER TRIAL.
Test number, 69.
Made by boiler division. United States Geological Survey. At fuel-testing plant, Louisiana Purchase Exposition, .St. Louis, Mo. Kind of boiler, Heine safety. To determine the economy of coal as a fuel. Principal conditions governing trial, see general report. Steam jets not operated. Hughes -apparatus operated. Kind of fuel. West Virginia No. 9. Kind of furnace, hand fired. State of the weather, clear.
Method of starting and stopping the test, alternate. Number of boiler (plant number), 2. Type of boiler, water tube.
1. Date of trial, November 30, 1904.
2. Duration of trial hours 10
3. Grate surface square feet 40 . 65
West Virginia Geological Survey.
58s
5. Approximate width of air spaces in grate, inch
6. Proportion of air space to whole grate
surface per cent.
6.2 Height of chimney above grate feet
6.3 Length of flue connecting to chimney do.
7. Water-heating surface square feet
7.4 Outside diameter of shell inches
7.5 Length of tubes exposed feet *
8. Superheating surface square feet
9. Ratio of water-heating surface to grate surface
10. Ratio of minimum draft area to grate surface -
44 7.67 113 . 26 None. Natural. 2,031 42.94
None.
Average Pressure.
Barometer ( inches of mercury 29.61 Barometer ^ pounds 14.53
!do 94 7
do "109 23 Force of draft between damper and boiler.. inches of water .50
Force of draft in furnace do. .18
Force of draft or blast In ash pit do. 0
Average Temperatures.
15. Of external air degrees 36
18. Of feed water In tank do. 48
19. Of feed water entering economizer do
20. Of feed water entering boiler do. 179
21. Of escaping gases from boiler do. 576
22. Of escaping gases from economizer do
Fuel.
23. Size or condition: Nut — small, 30 per cent;
slack, 70 per cent.; bright.
24. Weight of wood used in lighting fire pounds None.
24. Weight of coal as fired do. 7,464
26. Percentage of moisture in coal 3 . 42
'Absolute.
c;86 COAL AND CX>KE.
27. Total weight of dry coal consumed pounds 7,209
28. Total ash and refuse do. 673
29. Quality of ash and refuse, clinker per cent 43
r pounds 6,636
30. Total combustible consumed \
31. Percentage of ash and refuse in dry coal 7.96
Proximate Analysis Of Coau
Percent. Percent,
of of com-coal
. bustlble.
33. VolatUe matter 31.11 34.36
36. Sulphur, separately determined 82
Ultimate Analysis Of Dry Goal.-
43. Moisture in sample of coal as received 3.42
Analysis Of Ash And Refuse,
Fuel Per Hour.
46. Dry coal consumed per hour pounds 721
47. Combustible consumed per hour (do. 664
I do. '663
48. Dry coal per square foot of grate surface per
hour do. 17.78
49. Combustible per square foot of water-heating ( do. .827
Calorific Value Of Fuel.
50. Calorific value by oxygen calorimeter per pound of
dry coal, B.T.U. 14,616
51. Calorific value by oxygen calorimeter per pound of
combustible, B.T.U 15,584
62. Calorific value by analysis per i>ound of dry coal,
B.T.U 14,446
53. Calorific value by analysis per pound of combus-
Uble, B.T.U 15,401
^Calculated from chemistry of ash.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 587
Quality Of Steam.
54. Percentage of moisture In steam 1 .122
55. Number of degrees of superheating None.
56. Quality of steam (dry steam=unity) per cent. 99 .155
Water.
57. Total weight of water fed to boiler pounds 60.651
58. Equivalent water fed to boiler from and at
59. Water actually evaporated, corrected for quality
of steam do. 60,138
60. Factor of evaporation 1 .2092
61. Equivalent water evaporated into dry steam
from and at 212'' pounds 72,719
Water Per Hour.
62. Water evaporated per hour, corrected for
quality of steam pounds 6,014
63. Equivalent evaporation per hour from and at
64. Equivalent evaporation per hour from and at
212® per square foot of water-heating surface .pounds 3.58
Horsepower.
rated per hour into dry steam from and at 212®==
66. Builders' rated horse-power 210
67. Percentage of builders' rated horse-power developed 100.38
Economic Results.
68. Water apparently evaporated under actual
conditions per pound of coal as fired. (Item
69. Equivalent evaporation from and at 212* per
70. Equivalent evaporation from and at 212*" per
pound of dry coal. (Item 61-5-item 27) pounds 10.09
71. Equivalent evaporation from and at 212° per (do. 10.96
pound of combustible. (Item 61-4-item 30) .. ( do. *10.98
Efficiency.
boiler per pound of combustible divided by J per cent 67.92 the heat value of 1 pound of combustible)
73. Efficiency of boiler, including the grate (heat
absorbed by boiler per pound of dry coal divided by the heat value of 1 pound of dry coal) percent 66.66
"Calculated from chemistry of ash.
Cost Of Evaporation.
74. Cost of coal per ton of 2,000 pounds delivered in
75.- Cost of fuel for evaporating 1,000 pounds of water
under observed conditions $0.0615
76. Cost of fuel used for evaporating 1,000 pounds of
water from and at 212** $0.0613
Smoke Observations.
77. Percentage of smoke as observed 28.2
78. Weight of soot per hour obtained from smoke
meter ounces ....
79. Volume of soot per hour obtained from smoke
meter cubic inches
Methods Of Firing.
80. Kind of firing (spreading, alternate or coking) Alternate.
81. Average thickness of fire inches 9
82. Average intervals between firing for each furnace
during time when fires are in normal
condition minutes 6.4
83. Average intervals between times of leveling or
breaking up do. 38
Analysis Of The Dry Gases.
87. 'Hydrogen and hydrocarbons do.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
HEAT BALANCE, OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE HEATING VALUE OF THE COMBUSTIBLE.
Total heat value of 1 pound of combustible, B.T.U. 15,584
T, Heat absorbed by the boiler=evaporatlon from and at 212° per pound of combustible X 965.7. .
2. Loss due to moisture in coal=per cent, of moisture
referred to combustibleH-100X[(212-t+ 9664-0.48(T-212)] (t=: temperature of air in the boiler room; T=that of flue gases)
3. Loss due to moisture formed by the burning of{
hydrogen=per cent, of hydrogen to combustible-^100x9 K[(212-t)4.966+0.48 (T-212)] ....
4. Loss due to the heat carried away in the dry
chimney gaseB=weight of gas per pound of combustible XO. 24 X (T-t)
5. Loss due to complete combustion of carbon=
CO per cent. C In combustible
X X 10,150 ..
Co,+Co 100
6. Loss due to unconsumed hydrogen and hydrocarbons
, to heating the moisture in the air, to radi ation, and unaccounted for. (Some of these losses may be separately itemized if data are obtained from which they may be calculated)
Remarks.
B.T.U. I Per cent.
49
59
Dry coal per indicated horse-power hour=2.8 pounds. Dry coal per electrical horse-power hour=3.46 pounds.
'68.04
"Calculated from chemistry of ash.
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Coal And Coke.
Gas Analyses.
Time.
COg. i O,. I CO. I H,. I CH4. I N. I Total, j B.T.U.
a. m.
p m. . p. m. .
6:06 p. m. 8:06 p. m. 10:25 p. m.
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Producer-gas test No. 17A, West Virginia No. 9 (from Mine No. 58 on Map II) was recorded by W. C. Weidmann, Kurt Toensfeldt, and R. E. Peshak, December 19, 1904, as given on page 1272 of Professional Paper No. 48 of the U. S. Geological Survey. The detailed tests of No. 17A, No. 17B, and No. 21, as summarized in Bulletin 13, pages 276, 282, 288, 294, 300, 306, and 312, of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given after the full-page tables, etc., taken from Professional Paper No. 48 above mentioned. No. 17B was recorded by Messrs. Weidmann and Toensfeldt on the above date, while No. 21 was recorded by the same parties on January 27, 1905- The following remarks are taken from page 1275 of Professional Paper No.48:
"The West Virginia No. 9 is a rich bituminous coal. It burned well and was easily handled in the producer, yielding a gas of uniformly good quality, it makes a good producer fuel.
"From 11:40 a. m. to 5 p.m. (designated as test No. 17A), the load was 500 amperes. At 6 : 20 p. m. the engine was shut down in order to change the ignition setting, and at 6 : 40 p. m. the test resumed, the engine carrying full load (600 amperes). At 12:10 a. m. the engine stopped on account of a ground in the igniter circuit Test No. 17B includes the portion of the run from 5 : 40 p. m. to 12 midnight.
"One hundred and twenty gallons of black tar were extracted."
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Coal And Coke,
Gas Analyses.
Time
COa. I O.. j CO. I H,. I CH4. I N. I Total. | B.T.U.
.4
.0
.2
.2
.0
.4
.4
.4
.0
.6
•January 27. *> January 28.
"West Virginia No. 9, tests 17A and 17B (Mine No. 58 on Map 11)^- West Virginia No. 9 was a high-grade bituminous coal. It burned well and was easily handled in the producer, yielding a gas of uniformly good quality. It made a good producer fuel. One hundred and twenty gallons of black tar were extracted.
"West Virginia No. 9, test 21. (Mine No. 58 on Map II.)— This test was the second run on West Virginia No, 9. The coal worked satis* factorily in the producer and gave good results. Fifty gallons of black tar were extracted.
I Test 17A
I Test 17B I Test 21
Designation of fuel
Origin of fuel sample:
Name of bed
Location of mine or deposit
Size of fuel:
As shipped
Proximate analysis of fuel as fired (per cent.)
Moisture
Volatile matter
Fixed carbon ,
Ash
Total fuel charged in producer (pounds) :
As fired
Dry
Combustible
As fired
Dry
In producer plant —
As fired
Dry
Combustible . :
Per square foot of fuel-bed area —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
Per pound —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
Per hour as fired
.
Uo. 9
No. 9
No. 9
Powellton
Powellton
Powellton Powellton
Powellton
Powellton
24
.un of mine
Run of mine
Run of mine
74
H,5S0
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Standard gas (at 62**?. and 14.7 pounds pressure) — Per pound of fuel —
As fired
Dry
Per cubic foot
Per brake horse-power hour
British Thermal Units equivalent to stated horse-power per minute:
Gas
Indicated
Brake
Electrical I
Meter per hour |
Standard gas (at 62**F. and 14.7 pounds I pressure) — f
Total
Per hour
Per pound of fuel charged — In producer —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
Total used by producer plant —
As fired.-
Dry
Combusticle
Standard gas consumed per horse-power hour (cubic feet) :
Indicated
Brake
Electrical
Co,
O,
C,H4
Co
H,
Ch4
N,
Gas horse-power
Revolutions per minute of gas engine
Explosions per minute per cylinder
f
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 8
At release —
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 8
Mean effective pressure —
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 8
Total
Brake horse-power:
Developed at engine
Commercially available... Electrical horse-power:
Devek>ped at switchboard. Commercially available...
B2.2
Coal And Coke.
Economic results: Fuel charged in producer per horse-power hour (pounds): Per brake horse-power — Developed at engine —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
Commercially available —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
Per electrical horse-power" — Developed at switchboard —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
, Commercially available —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
Economic results: Total fuel used by producer plant per horse-power hour (pounds) : Per brake horse-power — Developed at engine —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
As fired
Dry
Combustible
Per electrical horse-power — Developed at switchboard —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
Commercially available —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
Auxiliary power used by producer plant:
Total I
Per hour
Fuel equivalent of steam per hour —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
Of conversion and cleaning gas .- .
Of producer plant
Thermal, based on stated horse-power and gas horse-power:
Brake
Electrical
Of entire plant, based on E. H. P. commercially available and fuel consumed
I Test 17A
Test 17B I Test 21
The following results of washing tests are from pages 72-3 of Bulletin 261 of the U. S. G. Survey , and page 1473 of Prof. Paper 48 :
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Wa8Hinq Tests.
"West Virginia No. 9 (Mine No. 58 on Map II) — Run-of-mine coal from Vulcan Mine, Mount Carbon Company (Limited), Powellton, W. Va.
''This coal was tested in the coke ovens in both the raw and the washed condition. The charge of raw coal contained about 4% tons and of washed coal about 6 tons. The coke from the washed coal showed much improvement over that from the unwashed coal. The
change in composition is shown by the following analyses:
ft
Analyses Showing Effect Of Washing Coal.
Coal. Raw. Washed.
Ash 8.07 4.51
Sulphur 0.83 0.90
Coke. From Raw From Washed Coal. Coal.
The following results of coking tests of coal from Mine No. 58 on II are taken from pages 128, 132-3 of Bulletin 261 of the U. S. G. Survey and pages 1363-4 of Prof. Paper 48 of the same Survey :
Coking Tests.
"Two tests were made on this coal» the first being unwashed, the second washed. The unwashed charge weighed 10,000 pounds, and was burned 40 hours. It yielded 6,084 pounds, or 60.8 per cent., of coke, and 314 pounds of breeze and ash. The coke was heavy and grayish in color. It was of good quality, though slightly brittle. The coke from the washed coal showed much improvement over that from the unwashed coal, and could be considered a high-grade coke. The charge of washed coal weighed 11,000 pounds, burned for 66 hours, and yielded 6,803 pounds, or 61.8 per cent., of coke, and only 78 pounds of ash and breeze."
Analysis Of Coal.
Unwashed* Lab. No. 1489.
Moisture 3.81
Volatile Matter 31.08
Fixed Carbon 57.04
Ash 8.07
Sulphur 0.83
•Used in coking test No. 50. ••Used in coking test No. 53.
Washed** Lab. No. 1510.
43
66
g/oofl
78
Coking Test And Coke Production.
Coke Test No. 50. Coke Test No. 53.
Per cent of yield:
Large
Medium '
Total
Breeze and ash
Physical And Chemical Properties Of Coke Produced.
Test No. 50. Test No. 53.
Grams in 1 cubic inch, dry 18 . 8 15 .1
Grams in 1 cubic inch, wet 23.68 22.46
Pounds in 1 cubic foot, dry 71 .44 57 .38
Pounds in 1 cubic foot, wet 89.98 85.34
Percentage by volume, coke 64 55
Percentage by volume, cells 36 45
Compressive strength per cubic inch (one-fourth ultimate strength) (pounds) 227 360
Height of furnace charge supported without
Hardness 2.8 2.9
Specific gravity 1.84 1.87
Moisture 0.29 0.27
Volatile Matter 2.41 0.62
Fixed Carbon 88.15 91.73
Ash 9.15 7.38
Sulphur 0.82 0.77
Phosphorus 0.0094 0.012
"A heavy coke of gray color and slightly brittle was the product from this coal. In ash, sulphur, and phosphorus it is equal to the best Connellsville coke, with which it compares well in burden-bearing qualities, though it is slightly softer. The very low percentage of cells makes this coke very dense. By washing this coal the ash and sulphur showed a further reduction, the coke was harder, the cell structure was improved, and it will carry a heavier burden. The washed coal produced a coke which is much superior to that made from the unwashed coal and which stands rough handling well."
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 6oi
Mount Carbon Co., Ltd., South Vulcan Mine —
No. 59 on Map II.
On head of Powellton Fork, % mile east of mouth of Woodrum Branch; Powellton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 1615' B.; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, visible, Brownstown 10 0
Shale, buff, sandy 9 0
Slate, black, %" to 0 1
Coal, medium-soft, columnar 2 0
Slate, hard, dark-gray 0 4
Coal, soft, columnar 3 0... 6 1
Slate, gray, pavement
This mine has been in operation for about 9 years.
M. B. Coal Co. Elk Ridge No. 1 Mine— No. 60 on Map II.
On east hillside of Armstrong Creek, at EUk Ridge; Powellton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 1445' B.; for general stratigraphic position, see EHk Ridge Section; section measured at entrance by author.
Feet Inches. •
Sandstone, flaggy and shaly, visible 3 0
Shale, buff, sandy, iron ore nodules, plant fossils abundant 7 0
Shale, gray, dark 0 2
Coal, gas 0 3
Slate, gray, dark, %" to 0 1
Coal, medium-soft, columnar. 2 4
Shale, gray 0 2
Coal, splint 0 4
Coal, gas 0 6
Slate, gray, dark 0 2
Coal, soft, columnar 2 3 Powellton.. 6 7
Slate, gray
This mine has been carried southward until it connects up with Elk Ridge No. 2 (Mine No. 61 on Map II).
The author also measured a section at the above mine in 1^07 when it was being operated by the Cardiff Coal Co. which was published by Dr. White on page 350 of Volume 11(A) as follows :
Feet Inches.
1. Coal, soft, gas, (exposed at crop), No. 2 Gas 3 0
2. Concealed and sandstone 96 0
3. Slate, good roof. 2' to 3 0
4. Coal, soft, gas 0' 4 "
7. Bone, splint, sometimes 0 3H
10. Coal, soft, 3'' spUnt, 4"
"Butts. N. SO"" E.; faces. 8. 10** B.; greatest rise, S. 45** E.; mine capacity, 250 tons; men employed. 75; coal shipped east and west for steam and domestic purposes; sample from Nos. 6. 8. and 10. and also from No. 10 only, the analyses of which were published under Nos. 27 and 28, respectively, on page 348 of Volume 11(A)."
"In the region of Powellton this No. 10 of the section is the only portion used in the manufacture of a high-grade coke. At the Mk Ridge Mine No. 1. in back entry 8. room 4. the coal is 5 feet 3 inches thick with only a knife edge parting, according to Mr. P. Kincaid. the Mine Foreman, who is authority for all of the mine data."
The analyses mentioned above were republished by Dr. White under Nos. 27 and 28 on page 258 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, and are given under Mine No. 60 in Table 1 at the end o^ this Chapter.
M. B. Coal Co. Elk Ridge No. 2 Mine— No. 61 on Map II.
On east hillside of Armstrong Greek. 0.8 mile south of Mine No. 60; Powellton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation. 1515' B.; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Slate. 1" to. 0 2
Coal 0 3
Slate, %" to 0 1
Coal 2 0 •
The author also measured a section at the above mine in 1907, when it was operated by the Cardiff Coal Company, and the results were published by Dr. White on page 350 of Volume 11(A) of the Survey, as follows:
West Virginia Geological Survey. 603
Feet Inches.
2. Slate, bad roof, 2' to 4 0
6. Slate, sometimes bone, or splint. . 0 2
7. Coal, soft, gas 0 0... 6 7
"Butts, N. 80** E.; faces, S. 10** E.; greatest rise, S. 45** E.; mine capacity, 250 tons; men employed, 40; coal shipped east and west for steam and domestic purposes; sample from Nos. 5 and 7, the analysis of which was published under No. 26 in Table No. 3, pages 846 and 348 of Volume 11 (A). Mr. O. R, Nutter, the Mine Foreman, reports the presence of a soft gas coal, 3 feet 8 inches thick, at 90 to 100 feet above the Powellton bed, and this would be the No. 2 Gas, since the. latter coal and the Eagle bed are separated by an interval of nearly 180 feet in this region."
The analysis mentioned above was republished by Dr. White under No. 26. on page 258 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey and is given under Mine No. 61 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
M. B. Coal Co. Opening — No. 350 on Map II.
On west hillside of Armstrong Creek, 0.2 mile northwest of mouth of Left Fork; Powellton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 1386' B.; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, visible, Brownstown 6 0
Shale, dark, sandy 1 6
Coal, gas 0' 5%"
Slate, dark-gray 0 1%
Coal, gas 0 3%
Slate 0 0%
Coal, gas, medium-hard 1 9
Slate, gray, dark 0 2
Coal, gas 0 10
Slate, dark-gray, 4" to 0 6
Coal, gas, medium-soft 3 0 ... 7 2
Slate
The above opening was driven in 25 to 30 feet at the time of the author's visit in 1916. It had been opened and mined by a lumber company, but was not in operation when visited.
Mount Carbon Co., Ltd., Prospect — No. 351 on Map II.
On south side of branch of Johnson Fork, 1.8 miles S. 45° W. of Kincaid; Powellton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 1835' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, coarse, gray and brown, plant fossil stems, visible 5 0
Shale, buff, sandy, plant fossils, 18" to 2 0
Coal, soft, columnar 0' 6
Slate, black 0 1
Coal, medium-soft 0 3
Slate, black 0 0%
Coal, soft, columnar 3 0 .
Bony coal 0 2%
Slate, gray 0 2
The Mt. Carbon Co., Ltd., ran crop from Powellton region to this point.
Coal Exposure — No. 352 on Map II.
On west edge of hill road, head of Johnson Fork, 2.1 miles south of Kincaid; Powellton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 2075' B.; see Head of Johnson Fork Section, page 163, for stratigraphic position.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, flaggy
Shale, buff, sandy 6 10
Coal, soft 0' 7"
Shale, gray 0 6
Coal, slaty 0 3
Coal, soft 2 5
Coal, slaty 0 4
Shale, dark-gray 0 6
Coal, soft 2 9 Powellton.. 7 6
Shale, sandy
No. 62 on Map II.
On east hillside of Paint Creek, 0.3 mile northeast of Hickory Camp; Powellton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 1430' B.; section at fan-house by Teets.
Feet Inches.
Slate, gray, full of iron nodules, visible 4 0
Coal, gas 2' 2"
Slate, gray 0 3
Coal, gas 1 5 ... 3 9
Slate 2 0
Sandstone, massive, medium-grained, visible. ... 10 0
West Virginia Geological Survey. 605
Christian Colliery Co. No. 2 Min^— No. 62A on Map II.
On west hillside of Paint Creek, 0.6 mile due south of Hickory Camp; Poweliton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 1495' B.; examined
by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, splint 0 3
'*Thls mine was established in 1911; principal office, Burnwell; shipped to Liakes; used for domestic and steam purposes; capacity, 1000 tons daily; output, 600 tons daily; 80 miners and 50 laborers employed; motor haulage; H. W. Seacrist, Assistant to Manager, authority for mine data."
The following information was secured by Mr. A. M. Hagan in 1918w concerning this mine:
Feet Inches.
"Coal owned by Christian Colliery Co.; principal office, Charleston; daily capacity, 100 tons; daily output, 80 tons; 30 laborers and 8 miners employed; shipped west; sample No. 940H collected from Nos. ,2 and 3 of section in main entry, 1000 feet from drift mouth; buts, S. 75® W.; faces, S. 15** E.; greatest rise, S. 25** E.; motor haulage; used for by-product purposes; authority for mine data, R. B. Whitaker, General Manager."
The analysis of this sample, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 62A in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Eagle By-Products Coal Co. Mine — No. 61A on Map II.
On east hillside of Paint Creek, 0.4 mile northeast of Krebs; Poweliton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 1715' L.; section by C. E. Krebs.
Feet. Inches.
Mr. Krebs sent the Survey a sample of the coal from the above opening for analysis, the results of which are given under Mine No. 61A in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter:
Mr. Krebs also sent the Survey a copy of an analysis of this coal made by F. C. Broeman, as follows :
6o6 COAL AND COKE.
Percent.
Moisture 1.19
Volatile Matter 29.31
Fixed Carbon 60,75
Ash , 8.75
Total 100.00
Sulphur 0.69
B. T. U 14,150
Milbum Coal Co. No. 2 Mine — No. 63 on Map II.
On head of Skitter Creek, 1.8 miles S. 30* W. of Keeferton; Poweilton ( Brown ttovtflh) Coal; elevation, 1993' L.; section as reported by Milbum Coal Co., to Teets; for stratigraphic position see Kingston — 1.7 Miles W^st Section, page 165.
Feet. • Inches.
Fire clay ' 0 1
Coal 2 4
Slate 0 5
Coal 0 10 ... 5 2
"Principal office, Milbum; used for by-product and domestic purposes; shipped west; coal leased from W. Va. Coal Land Co.; capacity, 1500 tons dally; output, 900 tons daily; 80 miners and 125 laborers employed; company was organized in 1913; electric haulage; D. H. Momton, General Manager, authority for data. This information also includes that for Mine No. 82 on Map II, in the Eagle bed."
A. M. Hagan measured the following section at this mine
in 1918:
Feet. Inches.
6. Coal, with blade-like parting
The analysis of a sample (935H) collected by Mr. Hagan from Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 6 of section, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 63 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter. The mine was not in operation at the time of Mr. Hagan's visit. Thomas Green, Mine Foreman, reported the principal office of the company at Indianapolis, Ind.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 607
Solvay Collieries Co. Westerly (No. 2) Mine- No. 64 on Map II.
On southwest hillside of Paint Creek, 0.9 mile S. 10'' W. of Keefer* ton; Powellton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 2030' B.; section measured in let Right E^ntry by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate 0 8
Coal, gas 2 0
Slate, black 0 6
The following section was also measured by Teets in the 1st Right Heading:
Feet. Inches.
Slate, gray, and bone 0 8
Coal, gas 2 0
Slate, blue 0 8
Coal 0 3
Slate, blue 0 7
The following section was measured by Mr. A. M. Hagan in 1918 on Rib on Second Left, 1500 feet from mouth of mine:
Feet. Inches.
"Coal owned by Solvay Collieries Company; principal office, Syracuse, New York; headquarters, Huntington, W. Va.; daily capacity, 300 tons; daily output, none at present; 15 laborers and 30 miners employed; electric motor haulage; used for by-product purposes; shipped west; greatest rise, S. 55® E.; sample No. 934H collected from'Nos. 4 and 6 of section; authority for mine data, P. H. Marting; started operation in 1913; Nos. 2 and 3 of section are not mined."
St*
The analysis of the above-mentioned sample, as reported
by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 64 in
Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
6o8 COAL AND COKE.
Solvay Collieries Co. No. 6 Mine — No. 65' on Map II.
On head of Mllbum Creek, 1.3 miles S. 25** W. of Kingston; Poweilton (Brownatown) Coal; elevation, 2145' B.; Just being opened in 1916; section by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate 0 11
Coal, bony 0 4
Coal 2 0
Slate 0 7
The following section at this mine was measured in 1918
by A. M. Hagan :
Feet. Inches.
The analysis of a sample (932H) collected from Nos. 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 of section, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 65 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Solvay Collieries Co. No. 7 Mine — No. 66 on Map II.
On head of Milbum Creek, 0.3 mile southeast of Mine No. 65; Poweilton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 2165' B.; section by Teets.
Feet Inches.
Slate 0 10
Bony coal 0 3
Coal 2 0
Slate 0 7
Pfaota by A. M. Hagan.
PLATE XX (a). — View ol tbe coal mining town o( Kingston, looking
PLATE XX{b).— View of the coal mining town of Matan o Creek, looking south-west and showing topography of Kanawha and New River Groups.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 609
Solvay Collieries Co. No. 8 Mine — No. 67 on Map II.
On head of Milburn Creek» 0.6 mile east of Mine No. 65; Poweiltan (Brownstowfri) Coal; elevation, 2175' B.; section by Teets, at drift mouth.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, gray 1 6
Coal 2 1
Slate 0 6
The following section was measured by A. M. Hagan in
Feet Inches.
1. Coal, roof 1' 0"
"Coal owned by Solvay Collieries Company; principal office, Sj^ra-cuse. New York; daily capacity, 100 tons; daily output, 60 tons; 3 laborers and 10 miners employed; motor haulage; used for by-product purposes: shipped west; greatest rise, S. 55° E.; sample No. 938H collected from Nos. 4 and 6 of section in Main Right Heading, 3000 feet from drift mouth; authority for data, F. H. Martin; started operations in 1915; Nos. 1, 2, and 3 are not mined."
The analysis of the sample collected by Mr. Hagan, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 67 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Milburn Coal Co. Pxospect Opening — No. 67 A on Map II.
On point, south side of Paint Creek, 1.5 miles S. 75° W. of Keefer-ton; Powellton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 1935' ±B.; section by R. B. Whitaker on plan furnished Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 4' 0"
Slate and coal 2 0
Coal, hard, splint 4 2
Slate and coal 1 3 ... 11 5
6lO COAL AND COKE.
Coal Prospect — No. 353 on Map II.
In ravine, south hillside of Kanawha River, 2.4 miles S. 30° W. of Kanawha Falls; Powollton (Brownstown) Co«l; elevation, 1400'' B.; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Shale, gray, argillaceous, visible 0 3
Coal, gas, medium-hard 2' 0"
Coal, bony 0 2
Coal, gas, medium-hard 0 7 ... 2 9
Sandstone, massive 30 0
Coal Exposure — No. 354 on Map II.
«
On ridge, 1.5 miles N. 75" W. of Cotton Hill; Powellton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 1770' B.; section by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, and slate 0 5
Coal 0 4
Slate, black 0 2
Coal 0 8
Slate 0 8
Mountain Cove District.
In Mountain Cove District, the Powellton (Brownstown) Coal is confined to the northern border in Gauley Mountain and its intimately associated spurs, as shown on Figure 14, although there are two small patches in the high ridge lying immediately west of Opossum Creek. A careful analysis of all the data in hand and the special sections published in Chapter IV for Albion — Woods Ferry, Ansted, and Mulvane — 1 Mile Southwest, pages 139, 171, and 173, respectively, warrants the assumption on a subsequent page of a thickness of IS inches for this bed in the table of estimates for available tonnage. Owing to the lack of mines and prospect openings on it in this District information is quite meager.
Fayetteville District.
In Fayetteville District, the Powellton (Brownstown) Coal is confined to five scattered areas in the northwest border, as shown on Figure 14. Along the extreme western border
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 6ll
and the southwestern edge it has been prospected to some extent by the large land-holding companies. In the latter region, its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the Potato Hill Knob and Herberton Sections, published in Chapter IV, pages 191 and 194, respectively. Its description at exposures and prospects follows.
Coal Exposure — No. 355 on Map II.
In hill road, 1.1 miles northwest of Beckwith; Powetlton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 1810' B.; examined hy Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, visible 2 0
Slaty shale 0 7
Coal 1 0
Slate 0 8
Coal Opening — No. 356 on Map II.
On head of branch of Dempsey Branch, 0.3 mile southeast of Ford Knob; Powellton (Brownttown) Coal; elevation, 1995' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, opening closed, reported 3' 0" to 4 0
Coal Opening — No. 357 on Map II.
On head of Dempsey Branch, 1 mile due south of Ford Knob; Powellton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 2045' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, opening in run, closed, reported by R. E. Amick, clean, soft coal, no partings, with thickness of.' 4 0
On southeast side of Potato Hill Knob, 2% miles northwest of Herberton; Powellton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 2345' B.; for stratigraphic position see Potato Hill Section, page 191; examined by
Shale, sandy.
Coal, soft, columnar 1' 9"
Shale, gray, sandy, hard 1 6
Coal, soft, columnar 2 10
Slate, gray 0 1
6l2 COAL AND COKE.
Willis Branch Coal Co. Coal Prospect — No. 359 on Map II.
On head of Willis Branch, 1.6 miles due west of Herbertoa; Powellton (Brownstown) Coal; elevation, 2595' B.; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, flaggy, visible, Brownttown 3 0
Coal, soft, columnar 0' 2%"
Slate, bony, black, 2" to 0 2%
Coal, soft, colunmar 1 3
Shale, gray, argillaceous, soft, with ooal streak in basal 6" 1 2
Thos. Laing, Vice-President of the Willis Branch Coal Co., was inclined to believe that the coal at the above opening represented the No. 2 Gas bed, but the latter evidently belongs 75 to 80 feet higher in the measures, as will readily be seen from a study of the Potato Hill Knob and Herberton Sections, published in Chapter IV, pages 191 and 194, respectively, and the remarks in connection therewith.
Willis Branch Coal Co. Coal Prospect (Closed)—
No. 360 on Map II.
At "Knuckle" of incline to Mine No. 56 on Map II, 0.9 mile vest of Herberton; Powellton (Brown«town) Coal; elevation, 2645' B.; examined by author.
Feet Inches. Sandstone, gray and brown, micaceous. Brownstown
45 0
Sandy slate, 8" to 0 10
Coal, only top is visible, with partings, reported 5 0
Based on all the evidence in hand and that given on preceding pages, and a planimetric determination by A. M. Hagan of the area of the Powellton (Brownstown) Coal from Map II, as limited on Figure 14, the following estimate is made by the author of its available tonnage in Fayette County by magisterial districts:
West Virginia Geological Survey. 613
■3
5s
1
I
s
1
£
■s
•3
s i
S5
"
!7i..-ilt
Kanawha
Mountain Cove....
The Eagle Coal.
The Eagle Coal, described briefly in Chapter VI, pages 260-1, ranks third in Fayette County to the Sewell and Campbell Creek beds in economic importance and available tonnage. Its detailed outcrop is shown on Map 11 and its minable area on Figure 15. Like the No. 2 Gas member of the Campbell Creek Coal it has long been mined commercially in the State, as also in the territory of this Report. Its excellent character as a steam and coking coal, and for steam and domestic fuel purposes is attested by the following average results from the State as a whole, compiled by R. C. Tucker from 21 separate analyses published in previous State Survey Reports mostly from widely scattered commercial mines in Fayette, Logan, Mingo and McDowell Counties in the southern half of West Virginia :
Per cent.
Moisture 0.86
VolatUe Matter 30.28
Fixed Carbon 63.70
Aah B.06
Total 100.00
Sulphur 1.02
Pboephorus 0.005
Calorimeter B. T. U 14,668
The above average results show that the Eagle Coal is slightly lower in volatile matter than the average of 65 samples of the Campbell Creek bed, published on page 500, and that
6l4 COAL AND COKE.
it is correspondingly higher in fixed carbon and calorific value ; and that this bed, along with the one last mentioned, appears to occupy a transitional stage between the "gas" and "splint" types of the upper two-thirds of the Kanawha Group of the Pottsville and the exceptional low volatile beds of the underlying New River Group. Northeastward from Gauley River in Nicholas, Braxton, and Webster Counties, the Eagle appears to increase in percentage of sulphur and ash carried and consequently does not possess the excellent reputation obtaining for it southwest of Gauley River.
The Eagle Coal has been prospected considerably throughout the region of its outcrop in Fayette by natives for local domestic fuel and by the large land-holding companies, and it has been operated on a commercial scale at about 25 separate mines. Its thickness and character at these openings and other exposures will now be described by magisterial districts.
Falls District.
In Falls District, the Eagle Coal outcrops above drainage except in the northwest border northward from Kanawha River, as shown on Figure IS and Map II, so that over the greater portion of the District it is accessible to drift openings. Its thickness and stratigraphic position here are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Cannelton, Smithers, Marting, Harewood, Boomer — 54 Mile East, Deepwater — J4 Mile North, Gauley Bridge — 1 Mile Southeast, Gamoca, Belva — 1 Mile Northeast, Albion, Panther Mountain, and Peters Creek, page references to which are given in the Index ; in the log of Well No. 10 on Map II, in connection with the Marting — J4 Mile Southeast Section, page 123; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 2-7, inclusive, on Map II, page references to which are given in the Index. Within the limits of Falls District it is mined extensively on a commercial scale along Smithers Creek, Boomer Branch and the north hillside of the Kanawha River, and it has also been prospected to some extent by natives for local domestic fuel. Its description at these openings and other exposures follows.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
6l6 COAL AND COKE.
Cannelton Coal Co. No. 3 Mine— No. 68 on Map II.
1 ^S ^^^^J>^^^ ot Smithers Creek at Carbondale; Eaale Coal-elevation, 650' B.: secUon measured by Teets; 100 feVt uiider." '
Slate, hard, ferriferous, shaly, visible 15 ^0 ^*'
Slate, shaly, ferriferous 1 g
Coal '."////.'//. 0 1
Coal, gas , / 1' ' ji^ ' * '
Slate, gray 0 2
Coal, gas 2 0
Coal, hard, splint 0 3
W. R. Johnson Coal Co. No. 1 Mine— No. 69 on Map II.
On east hillside of Kanawha River, % mile southeast of Smithers* Eagle Coal; elevation, 690' B.; secUon measured by Teets in main heading, 300 feet under cover.
Coail, (slaty shale, gray, roof) 0' 3"
Slate, black 0 1
Coal, block 1 3
Slate, gray, 2" to 0 3
Coal, gas, glossy 2 1
Feet Inches.
"Principal office, Smithers; opened in 1902; capacity, 800 tons dally; number of men employed at No. 1 Mine (in Eagle, No. 69 on Map II) and No. 2 Mine (in No. 2 Gas, No. 24 on Map II), 50 miners and 26 laborers; coal shipped west for domestic and steam purposes; W. K. Bridges, Superintendent, authority for mine data; electric haulage. (See page 507 for description of No. 2 Gas Mine, No. 24 on Map 11)."
Kanawha & Hocking Coal & Coke Co. Mine — No. 70 on
Map II.
On east hillside of Kanawha River at Longacre; Eagle Coal; ele-vaUon. 776'B. j^^^ j^^^^
Shale, sandy, ferriferous nodules, visible 12 0
Sandstone 2 0
Coal 0 3
Shale, gray and slaty 3 0
Sandstone 2 0
Shale, slaty, gray 2 0
Coal 0' 3 "
Slate, black 0 0%
Slate 0 3
Coal, gas, glossy 2 1
Bony coal 0 5
West Virginia Geological Survey. 617
Kanawha & Hocking Coal & Coke Co. No. 116 Mine— No. 71
on Map II.
On east hillside of Kanawha River, ^^ mile northwest of Harewood; Eagle Coal; elevation, 84(K B.; for stratigraphic position see Harewood Section, page 124; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, sandy, visible 26 0
Slate, gray 10 0
Coal, blocky V 8"
Slate, gray 0 4
"Coal owned by same Company. This mine was^ operated by Sunday Creek Coal Company from June, 1905, to August, 1916.
Boomer Coal & Coke Co. Mine — No. 72 on Map II.
On northwest hillside of Boomer Branch, 0.3 mile northeast of Boomer; Eagle Coal; elevation, 895' !B.; examined by Teets.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, gray, visible 10 0
Slate 0 2
Coal : V 3"
Slate 0 2
Coal 2 0 3 5
Boomer Coal & Coke No. 2N Mine— No. 73 on Map II.
On north hillside of Boomer Creek, 1.5 miles northeast of Boomer; Eagle Coal; elevation, 963' L.; examined by Teets.
Feet Inches.
Concealed 27 0
Limestone 3 0
Shale, gray 15 0
Coal, gas 2' 0"
Slate 0 1
Coal 1 5
Slate, gray, 2" to 0 5
Coal, gas 1 0
Coal, harder 1 0 5 11
The following section was measured at this mine by R. W.
Edmonds as given by Dr. White on page 589 of Volume II :
Feet Inches.
Draw slate 0 3
Coal 3' 11"
Slate 0 3
Coal 2 0 6 2
"Butts run N. and S.; Faces, E. and W."
6l8 COAL AND COKE.
The analysis of a sample of coal collected by Mr. Edmonds from this mine, as analyzed by Prof. Hite and given by Dr. White on page 589 of Volume II and republished by him on page 258 of Bulletin 2 and page 344 of Volume 11(A), of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 73 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The coal bed at the above mine was measured and sampled at two points on December 3, 1915, by H. D. Jones and J. W. Grove, of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, as given on page 399 of Bulletin 123 of the latter Bureau, the analyses being published on page 116.
Section A (sample 28487) was slathered at a point 10,800 feet northeast of pit mouth; thickness of bed, 5' bWl thickness of coal sampled. 4' 7".
Section B (tample 23488) was gathered at a point 11,QOO feet N. 86 "^ W. of pit mouth; thickness of bed, 5' 7W, thickness of coal sampled, 4' 6''.
The ultimate analysis of a composite sample made by combining samples 23487 and 23488 is given under laboratory No. 23489.
These three analyses are given under Mine No. 73 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — ^Thickness, 5 to 6 teet. The seam outcrops on either side of and approximately 50 feet above the bed of Boomer Creek. Cover, 700 to 1,000 feet Dip is slight. The coal is of the 'gas' tjrpe, and has the columnar structure of typical coking coal, without any splinty layers. Its physical character much resembles the Pottsville coals of New River, and it makes excellent coke and steam coal. Main roof is sandstone and shale; immediate roof is dark, brittle shale. Floor is, rather hard, smooth clay, which does not become mixed with the coal in mining. In 1915 the coal was cut by hand or electric chain machines, near the top of the bed when cut with picks, and at the bottom if by machine, and was shot down by black powder. The daily production was 2,000 tons."
Coal Opening — No. 361 on Map II.
On point, ^ mile southeast of Boomer; Eagle Coal; elevation, 945' B.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, visible, gray 10 0
Coal, soft 2' 3"
Coal, bony 0 3
West Virginia Geological Survey. 619
The stratigraphic position of the Eagle bed at Coal Prospect (Abandoned) — No. 362 on Map II, on the north hillside of Kanawha River, 1.1 miles east of Mt. Carbon, at an elevation of 108(y B., as determined by Teets, is exhibited in the Deep water — J4 Mile North Section in Chapter IV, page 127.
Boomer Coal & Coke Co. Prospect — No. 363 on Map II.
On east hillside of Scrabble Creek, 1.9 miles N. 45'' W. of Qauley Bridg^e; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1000' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet Inches.
Slate, dark, visible 12 0
Coal, gas 0' 11 "
Slate, sandy, gray •. . . 0 8
Sunday Creek Coal & Coke Co. Coal Opening — No. 364 on
Map II.
On south hillside of Left Fork, 1.8 miles N. TO"" W. of Gamoca; Eagle Coal; elevation, 955' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet Inches.
Slate, plant fossils
Coal, gas V 6"
Slate 0 1
Green Smith Coal Opening — No. 365 on Map II.
On south hillside of Bells Creek, 1.2 miles N. 5° W. of Belva; Eagle Coal; elevation, 745' B.; section by D. B. Roger.
Feet Inches.
Shale, sandy 10 0
Shale, ferruginous 2 0
Coal, soft 1' 8"
Slate, bony 0 3
Coal, soft 1 0 2 11
Sandstone 3 0
Shale and concealed to Bells Creek 7 0
•
Hill & Long Coal Mine — No. 366 on Map II.
On east hillside of Bells Creek, 0.9 mile north of Belva; Eagle Coal; elevation, 755' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet Inches.
Slate 0 2
Coal 2 6 2 11
Hill & Long Coal Mine— No. 367 on Map II.
On east hillside of Bells Creek, 0.7 mile north of Belva; Eagle Coal; elevation, 770' B.
Feet Inches.
Slate, black 0 2
Greenbrier Coal Co., Greenbrier Mine — No. 368 on Map II.
On north hillside of Twentymlle Creek, 0.9 mile northeast of Belva; Eagle Coal; elevation, 790' B.; section by Teets; used in Belva — 1 Mile Northeast Section.
Feet Inches.
Coal 3 0
Since the above section was measured by Teets, the above opening has been turned into a commercial mine, the following section having been measured by D. B. Reger for his Report on Nicholas County :
Coal, slaty (sandstone, shaly, roof) 0' 1"
Shale, dark 0 7
Coal, medium-soft, columnar 2 3 2 11
Sandstone pavement
Mr. Reger also measured the following section in No. 1 Air-Course of the above mine and collected a sample (30SR) for analysis from No. 3 of section, the results of which, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, are given under Mine No.
368 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter :
Feet. Inches.
"Principal ofiBce, Fort Defiance, W. Va.; 5 miners and 3 laborers employed; daily output, 35 tons; mule haulage; greatest rise, southeast; Roan Cottrell, Superintendent, authority for mine data."
West Virginia Geological Survey. 621
Gauley Mountain Coal Co. Prospect — No. 369 on Map II.
On west hillside of Lick Branch of Rich Creek, 1.3 miles south of Jodie; Eagle Coal; elevation, ia9(K B.; examined by Teets.
Feet Inches.
Slate, full of iron nodules, visible 7 0
Coal, gas 3' 1"
Slate, gray, plant fossils 1 7
Gauley Mountain Coal Co. Prospect — No. 370 on Map II.
On east hillside of Rich Greek, opposite mouth of Bridge Fork; Eagk Coal; elevation, 1160' B.; section as reported to Teets.
Feet Inches.
Slate 2 8
Coal 1 10 7 6
Widow Bums Coal Opening — No. 371 on Map II, on west hillside of Horseshoe Creek, 1.7 miles northwest of Mulvane, Eagle Coal, elevation, 1695' B., was closed and thickness not learned.
Coal Opening — No. 372 on Map II.
On west side of hill road, ^/^ mile southwest of Mulvane; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1855' B.; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
2. Coal, sulphurous r 1"
3. Coal, bony, 1" to 0 2
6. Coal, soft, columnar 0 9 3 7
No. 4 of section is reported exceptionally fine for smithing purposes, No. 2 being too high in sulphur.
The stratigraphic position of the Eagle bed at Coal Exposure No. 373 on Map II, on summit of high knob, 1.15 miles S. 5"* W. of mouth of Peters Creek, at an elevation of 1775' B., is shown in the Mouth of Peters Creek Section, page 138.
J. F. Cavendish Coal Opening — No. 374 on Map II.
On north hillside of Gauley River, edge of Nicholas County, 1 mUe N. 20*" E. of Albion; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1685' B.; for stratigraphic position see Albion — ^Woods Ferry Section, page 139; section of coal as reported by O. W. Mason; opening closed; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, Eagle 64 0
Coal r 0"
Slate 0 2
Coal 1 10
Slate 0 2
Coal, 0' 8" to 0 10 4 0
Shale, buff, sandy 6 0
Mountain Cove District
In Mountain Cove District, the Eagle Coal, as shown on Figure IS and Map II, is confined to the northwest portion and to the high ridge immediately west of Opossum Creek. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Ansted — Hawks Nest and Mulvane — 1 Mile Southwest, pages 171 and 173, respectively. Owing to the lack of prospects the information is somewhat meager concerning the thickness and character of this bed in the Distict in question, but a careful analysis of all the data in hand, including its condition in the immediately adjoining portion of Falls District, it is believed warrants the assumption of a thickness of 3 feet for this seam in the estimate table of available tonnage of Eagle Coal given on a subsequent page-
Kanawha Dittrict.
In Kanawha District, the Eagle Coal, as shown on Figure 15 and Map II, outcrops above drainage over the greater portion of the District, thus making it readily accessible to drift openings. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Crescent, Mt. Carbon, Deepwater, Beckwith, Kimberly, Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, Elk Ridge, Powellton, Head of Powellton Fork, Page, Head of Johnson Fork, Keeferton, Kingston — 1.7 Miles West, and Kingston, page references to which are given in
West Virginia Geological Survey. O23
the Index; in the logs of test wells for oil and gas Nos. 12, 21, 22, and 29 on Map II, given in Chapter X ; and. in the log of Coal Test Boring No. 12 on Map II, page 398.' There are about 16 commercial mines on the Eagle Coal in this District and it has also been prospected considerably by the large landholding companies. Its description at these openings and other exposures follows.
Coal Opening — No. 375 on Map IL
On east bank of Morris Creek, 0.4 mile south of Montgomery; Eagle Coal; elevation, 665' B.; examined by the author.
Feet Inches.
Coal, No. 2 Qaa 4 0
Slate and concealed, mostly 78 0
Limestone, Can ne lion, siliceous 2 0
*Shale, flaggy, siliceous 10 0
Concealed 22 0
Shale, flaggy and sandy 10 0
Coal, lEagle, digging closed 3 0
Concealed, to bed of Morris Creek 10 0
Eagle Coal Co. "Straughan'' Mine— No. 74 on Map II.
On south hillside of Kanawha River, east edge of Montgomery; Eagle Coal; elevation, 635' B.; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Slate, dark, U" to 0 6
Coal, bony 0' 4"
Coal, gas 0 10
Slate, black, cpaly 0 3
ttd
'Operated by colored folks one year. Groes down on slope. An old mine. Output, 75 to 80 tons. Shipped west for steam. Formerly owned by Economy Coal Company and before that by John Straughan and Coal Valley Mining Company. Men employed, 15 loaders. 3 mule drivers, and 2 tipple men. Matt Buster (colored) chief owner of plant Pick mining.'
f>
The following section was measured by A. P. Brady at this mine in 1902 as published by Dr. White on page 587 of Volume II on the Survey :
Feet Inches.
Sandstone
Slate, 6' 0" to 9 0
Coal 0' 2W
Coal 0 8
Slate 0 2
Coal, soft 0 9
"Butts run N. ll** E.; Fewses N. 13** W.; Greatest rise, S. 60* E."
Mr. Brady also collected a sample of the coal for analysis, the results of which, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White on page 589 of Volume II, and republished by him on page 258 of Bulletin 2 and page 344 of Volume 11(A), are given under Mine No. 74 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
On south hillside of Kanawha River, at Crescent; Eagle Coal; elevation, 683' L.; for stratigraphic position see Crescent Section, page 145; examined by the author.
Feet Inches.
Coal, (abandoned on account of dirty coal) 3 6
The following section was measured by A. P. Brady and published by Dr. White on page 588 of Volume II :
• Feet Inches.
Slate 0 3
Coal 2 2% ... 3 7
"Butts run N. 77° E.; Faces, N. 13'' W.; Greatest rise, S. 60** B."
The anal3''sis of a sample of coal collected by Mr. Brady and analyzed by Prof. Hite, as published by Dr. White on page 589 of Volume II and republished by him on page 258 of Bulletin 2 and page 344 of Volume 11(A) of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 75 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The analysis of a sample of coke collected by Mr. Brady and analyzed by Prof. Hite, as published by Dr. White under No, 1 in the table of coke analyses on page 590 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 258
West Virginia Geological Survey. 625
of Bulletin 2 and page 345 of Volume 11 (A) of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 75 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter. The sample of coke appears to be higher in ash than the corresponding coal analysis would warrant, but it is probably du^ to the fact that some fine slate particles got into the screenings which are used in thp ovens.
Kanawha Rail & River Coal Co. — Edgewater No. 1 Mine —
No. 76 on Map IL
On southwest hillside of Kanawha River, 0.4 mile northwest of B<agle; Eagle Coal; elevation, 740' B.; examined hy author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, dark, visible 8 0
Sandstone 4 6
Shale, buff, sandy 5 0
Coal, gas r 3"
Shale, dark-gray 0 3
Coal, gas, columnar 2 10 4 4
Sandstone, visible.
The following section was measured by A. P. Brady at the above mine in 1902 when it was being operated by Carver Brothers, as published by Dr. White on page 588 of Volume
Ii:
Feet inches.
Sandstone
Slate 1 6
Coal 0' 4 "
Slate 0 0%
Coal 1 1
Slate 0 3
Coal 3 0 ... 4 81/4
"Butts run N. 77° B.; Faces, N. 13** W.; Greatest rise, S. 50^ E."
Mr. Brady also collected a sample of the coal for analysis, the results of which, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White on page 589 of Volume II and' republished by him on page 344 of Volume 11(A) and page 258 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, are given under Mine No. 76 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter. Mr. Brady also took a sample of the coke for analysis by Prof. Hite, the results being published by Dr. White under No. 2 in the table of coke analyses on page 590 of Volume II and republished by him under the same
number on page 345 of Volume 11(A) and pages 2S8-9 of Bulletin 2. This analysis is given under No. 76 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
The coke analysis appears to be higher in ash than the corresponding coal analysis would warrant, but it is probably due to the fact that some fine slate particles got into the screenings which are used in the ovens.
St. Clair Coal Mining Co. Mine— No. 77 on Map II.
On southwest hillside of Kanawha River, southeast edge of Eagle; Eagle Coal; elevation, 837' L.; section at entrance by author.
Feet Inches.
Shale, s%ndy 15 0
Coal, gas, medium-hard, columnar. . 1' 2"
Shale, gray 0' 1" I
Coal, hard OSJ-O 7
Slate and coal, interlaminated 0 4 J
Coal, gas, soft, columnar 2 6 4 3
Slate, gray.
Mr. A. P. Brady made the following measurement at this mine as published by Dr. White on page 588 of Volume II, when the mine was being operated by the St. Clair Coal &
Coke Company:
« Feet Inches.
Sandstone
Draw slate
Coal r 4"
Fire clay 0 3
Coal 0 2
Slate 0 4
Coal 2 8 Eagle 4 9
"Butts run N. 77'' ©.; Faces, N. n" W.; Greatest rise, S. 50* E."
Mr. Brady took a sample of this coal for analysis and the results, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White on page 589 of Volume II and republished by him on page 344 of Volume 11(A) and page 258 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, are given under Mine No, 77 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Mr. Brady also sampled the coke made at this mine for analysis by Prof. Hite whose results were published by Dr. White under No. 2 on page 590 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 345 of Volume II (A)
West Virginia Geological Survey. 62/
and pages 258-9 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. This analysis is given under No. 77 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
The coke analysis appears to be higher in ash than the corresponding coal analysis would warrant, but it is probably due to the fact that some fine slate particles got into the screenings which are used in the ovens.
Great Kanawha Colliery Co. — Mt. Carbon No. 1 Mine —
On point, 0.2 mile northwest of Mt. Carbon; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1000' B.; section at drift entrance by author.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, visible 3 0'
Shale, buff, sandy 2 6
Co*l, soft. Eagle "A" 0 7
Shale, buff, sandy, with 2" coal 11' below top 17 0
Coal, soft 2' 2"
Coal, bony, hard 0 2
Coal, soft 0 6 Eagle 2 10
Shale, gray
The above mine was abandoned in December, 1915, on account of small coal (2' 8" clean coal). The mine had been in operation for 30 years, the last 4 years by Evans Brothers.
Coal Exposure — No. 376 on Map IL
On branch of Jenkins Fork of Armstrong Creek, 0.6 mile N. 75** W. of Ldttle Stop Hollow; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1000' B.; used in Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest Section, page 154.
Feet Inches.
Shale, flaggy and sandy 13 5
Coal, slaty 0' 2"
Shale, black, ooal streaks 0 3
Coal, soft 2 2 2 7
Shale 3 0
Shale, flaggy and sandstone, flaggy ^20 9
Coal, Little Eagle 1 3
On east hillside of Armstrong Creek, at Elk Ridge; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1345' B.; for stratigraphic position see ESk Ridge Section* page 156; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Bone 0 2
Slate, gray 2 0
Coal Exposure — No. 378 on Map II.
On west bank of Left Fork of Armstrong Creek, 2 miles due west of Kincaid; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1645' B.; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, visible 5 0
Shale, brown* sandy '. 8 6
Coal, gas 0' 81/4"
Slate, coaly 0 0V6
Coal, gas 2 9
Coal, slaty 0 2 ... 3 8
Shale, bufF, argillaceous 5 0
Concealed to bed of Armstrong Creek 30 0
Mt. Carbon Co. Coal Escposure — No. 379 on Map II.
On east bank of Left Fork of Armstrong Creek, 0.2 mile southeast of Mine No. 378; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1655' B.; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, visible 5 0
Shale, sandy and bufF at top, dark and argillaceous at bottom 6 0
Coal, gas 0' 6%"
Slate, black, 1" to 0 1%
Slate, black. 1" to 0 1%
Coal, gas, medium-soft 2 5
Slate 0 1
Coal, gas 0 4
Coal, slaty 0 2 Eagle 3 11
Shale, buff, argillaceous 4 4
Coal, gas, medium-soft, Little Eagle 2 4
Fire clay shale to bed of Armstrong Creek 1 0
West Virginia Geological Survey. 629
On head of Powellton Fork; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1495' B.; for general stratigraphic position see Head of Powellton Fork Section, page 162; examined by author.
Feet Inches. . Shale 5 0
Coal, slaty 0' 6"
Shale, gray 1 6
Coal, soft, columnar 3 0
Slate, black 0 2
Coal, bony 0 10 Eagle 6 0
Shale, sandy 13 0
Coal, soft, columnar, Little Eagle 2 3
Shale, gray 1 9
Sandstone, to railroad grade 7 0
In the two foregoing exposures the interval between the Eagle and Little Eagle beds has thinned much below the normal interval prevailing northward and northeastward, in fact 4 to S miles southward on Paint Creek both beds are operated in the same mining section at Mines Nos. 82-88, in-* elusive, on Map 11.
Coal Opening — No. 381 on Map II.
On east hillside of Powellton Fork, 0.3 mile northwest of V^oodrum Branch; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1490' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, sandy, buff, visible 8 0
Coal, gas 0' 2"
Slate, gray 0 1
Coal, gas 0 1
Shale, gray 1 6
Co«r, soft, columnar 3 0 . . . 4 10
Concealed to water "
The above opening occurs 105 feet above an exposure of the fossiliferous Eagle Limestone.
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Mine No. 8 — No. 79 on Map II.
On east hillside of Lioop Creek, 1.2 miles northeast of Pa^e; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1536' L.; section as measured by the author and published by Dr. White on pages 341-2 of Volume 11(A).
Feet. Inches.
•
"Butts, N. 65** E.; Faces, S. 25** E.; greatest rise, S. 22%'' E. (105 feet per mile) ; coal mostly pulverized along with No. 2 Gas, 180 feet higher, and called in beehive ovens; mine capacity, 125 tons; men employed, 40; sample from Nos. 4, 7, and 10, and also a separate sample from No. 11, the analyses of which were published by Dr. White under Nos. 21 and 22, respectively, in Table No. 3, page 348 of Volumje 11(A), and republished by him under the same numbers in Table No. 10 on page 257 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. On other portions of the property openings into the Eagle seam have fewer partings and they are quite thin, Mr. Hennen reports. Some coal is shipped both east and west for fuel and steam purposes; authorities for mine data, J. R. C. Taylor, General Manager, and D. S. Dooley, Mine Foreman."
I'he above-mentioned analyses are given under Mine No. 79 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter. The analyses of three samples of coke made from the Eagle and No. 2 Gas Coals at Mines No. 79 and 51 on Map II are given under the description of Mine No. 51, page 538.
Five analyses of the coal from this mine are g^ven under No. 79 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter, as published on pages 235 and 236 of Bulletin No. 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Sample No. 6932 was taken 800 feet from opening, in room 10, off airway 8, by G. S. Pope on December 17, 1908, and was wet when taken. Thickness of bed, 6' 8%"; thickness of coal sampled, 4' 11 H"- Section of coal as measured by Mr. Pope is given on page 935 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
"No machines were used; coal was easily shot down and picked. The coal all went to 1^-inch screens; that which passed over was designated steam coal, and that which went through was uped In coke ovens."
J
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Sample No. 1869 was taken from the lower bench of this coaL
Sample No. 1870 was taken from the middle bench, at a point 774 feet from the mine opening.
Sample No. 2178 was a part of the entire seam, taken in airway 8, 1,100 feet from the mine opening, by J. W. Groves and W. J. von Borries, on September 22, 1905, as given on page 937 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Sample No. 2004 was of run-of-mine coal from car-load delivered at the U. S. Fuel Testing Plant at St. Louis.
For results of tests of this coal, see mention of specific tests as follows— steaming tests: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 290, p. 205; Bureau of Mines Bull. 23, pp, 69, 96, 112, 141, and 186; producer-gas tests: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 290, p. 205, and Bureau of Mines BulL 13, pp. 221, 276; coking tests: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 290, p. 206; Bull. 336, pp. 25, 34, 44; cupola tests of coke: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 336, pp. 52, 55, 57, 61, 64.
For chemical analyses see Part I of Bureau of Mines Bull. 22, pp. 235, 236; also U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 290, p. 204.
The following Steaming Tests are taken from Bulletin 290, pages 204-205, of the U. S. Geological Survey :
Steaming Tests.
Test 178. — Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 26.8 per cent.; % to 1 inch, 14.5 per cent.; % inch to % inch, 16.7 per cent.; under % inch, 42 per cent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of grate, plain.
Test 181. — Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 23t1 per cent; % inch to 1 inch, 15.5 per cent; ^ inch to l^ inch, 16.4 per cent.; under % inch, 45 per cent. Duration of test, 7.60 hours. Kind of grate, plain. Limestone spread over grate at start.
Miscellaneous Items.
1 Test 178 I Test 181
Heating value of coal (B. T. U. per pound dry coal) .... Force of draft:
Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour |
Equivalent water evaporated j>cr square foot of water-heating surface per hour (pounds)
Percentage of rated horse-power of boiler developed
Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired
Water evaporated from and at 212" F. :
Efficiency of boiler, including grate (per cent.) ,
Coal as fired:
Per indicated horse-power hour (pounds)
Per electrical horse-power hour (pounds)
Dry coal:
Per indicated horse-power hour (pounds) ,
Per electrical horse-power hour (pounds)
Coal And Coke.
Proximate Analyses.
Ultimate Analyses.
Test 178
Moisture 2.85
Volatile Matter 80.18
Fixed Carbon 64 .78
Ash 2.24
Totals 100.00
Sulphur 1 .06
* Figured from car sample.
Test Test Test
Sulphur 1.09 1.17
The following steaming tests are taken from pages 83, 97, 112, 127, 141, and 186 of the Bureau of Mines Bulletin 23:
Kind of draft
Average pressure:
Steam gage (pounds per square inch) . . . .
Force of draft (inches of water), furnace. Average temperatures ("F.):
External air
Fire room
Steam
Feed water, in tank
Feed water entering hoiler
Escaping gases
Furnace
Fuel :
As fired
Dry
Actual weight of ash ,
Analyses of ash and coal
Dry
Cximbustible determined from:
Actual weight of ash
Analyses of ash and coal
Dry per sq. ft. of grate area
Combustible per sq. ft of water-heating surface deter mined from:
Actual weight of ash
Analysis of ash
Calorific value of fuel per pound (B. T. U.): By oxygen calorimeter:
Dry fuel
0>mbustible
By analysis:
Dry fuel
Combustible
Moisture
Test 178 1
Test 181
46
"46 .'76 64.80
West Virginia Geological Survey.
I Test 178 I Test 181
Water evaporation:
Total weight
Equivalent from and at 212** F
Actually corrected for quality of steam (pounds)
Factor ,
Equivalent converted into dry steam from and at 212"F,
.Corrected for quality of steam*
Equivalent from and at 212 *F.:
Total I
Per sq. ft. of water-heating surface
Horse-power:
Developed on test
Builders* rating
Per cent of ratted horse-power developed
Economic results (pounds of .water evaporated per pound of fuel:
Apparent under actual conditions as fired
Equivalent from and at 212®F.:
As fired
Dry
Combustible determined from:
Actual weight of ash
Analysis of ash and coal
Boiler, from actual weight of ash
Boiler, from analysis of ash and coal
Boiler and grate
Kind of firing
Method of firing:
Interval between normal firings (minutes)
Interval between times of leveling or breaking up
Pounds of dry gases per pound of combustible
Heat balance, 3* T. U. :
Total
Absorbed by boiler
Loss of heat due to:
Moisture in fuel
Moisture of burning hydrogen
Carried away in dry gases |
Incomplete combustion of carbon |
Heat balance, per cent.:
Absorbed by boiler
Loss of heat due to:
Moisture in fuel
Moisture of burning hydrogen
Carrried away in dry gases
Incomplete combustion of carbon
Radiation and other losses
"io.ii
"68.68 61.79 20.6
Alternate
Test No. 178; No. 14 — The coal burned rapidly and caked in the fire. Steam was used in the ash pit during the afternoon. The clinker was easily removed during the first cleaning; in the second cleaning it adhered to the grate and was difficult to remove. Automatic air admission was operated. ^
Test No. 181: No. 14 — The coal burned rapidly and caked. When the test was started 290 pounds of crushed limestone was spread over the grate to prevent the clinker from melting into it as it did on test
178. Free ash formed on the grate; it was easily removed. The percentage of clinker in the refuse was not determinable. Automatic air admission was operated.
Producer-Gas Test..
The following producer-gas test is taken from U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 290, page 205 :
Test 54, West Virgihia No. 14.
Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 47 hours.
Average electrical horse-power 201.3
Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot 147.0
Total coal fired, pounds 9,750 .
Coal consumed in Prodlucer (Pound« per Horse-power per hour).
Test 64. Coal as fired | Dry Coal | Combustible
Per electrical horse-power:
Available for outside purposes
Developed at switchboard
Per brake horse-power:
Available for outside purposes
Developed at engine
Sanlvalent niied hy producer ptoat: Per electrical horse-power:
Available for outside purposes
Developed at switchboard
Per brake horse-power:
Available for outside purposes
Developed at engine
Analyses.
Coal. Test 54. Gas by volume. Test 54.
Volatile Matter 28.99 Carbon monoxide (CO) 20.7
Ash 2.67
Total 100.00
Sulphur 1.21
Total 100.0
See also Bureau of Mines Bulletin 13, pages 221 and 276 for results of producer-gas tests.
Coking Tests.
The following coking tests are taken from U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 290, page 206 :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 635
Test 20, West Virginia No. 14.
Size as shipped, run-of-mine. Size as used, finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 71 hours.
Total d?ercentage yield 68.35
Remarks — Good, hard coke. Foundry coke. Light-gray and silvery color. Hi£^ yield due to deposited carbon.
Analysee, Test 20.
Coal. Coke.
Moisture 1.04 0.38
Volatile Matter 29.28 0.96
Fixed Carbon 66.80 95.19
Ash 2.88 3.47
Sulphur * 1.04 0.94
Additional coking tests of coal from this mine (No. 79 on Map II) are taken from U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 336, pages 25, 34, and 44, and published along with Mine No. 51 in the No. 2 Gas Coal (Test 21) as also the details of a test (No. 23) made of a mixture of the No. 2 Gas and Eagle Coals from Mines Nos. 51 and 79.
Cupola Test (No. 20) of coke made from a mixture of the No. 2 Gas and Eagle Coals from the above-mentioned mines, as taken from U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 336, pages 52, 55, 57, 61 and 64, are given in this report under the description of Mine No. 51, pages 545-548.
Mt Carbon Co., Ltd., Coal Opening — No. 382 on Map II.
On branch of Johnson Fork of Loop Creek, 1.7 miles S. 60 "^ W. of Klncaid; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1730' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, digging closed, reported by A. L. BMpps, a native, to have a thickness of 4 0
I
■
I
Loop Creek Estate Coal Opening — No. 382A on Map II.
On head of branch of Beards Fork, 2.0 miles N. 50^ E. of Page; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1600' ±; section by C. E. Krebs.
Feet Inches.
Slate 0 6
Coal 1 7
Slate 0 1
Coal 0 3
Slate 0 1
Coal Exposure— No. 383 on Map II.
In edge of hill road, 2 miles south of Kincald; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1950' B.; for stratlgraphic position see Head of Johnson Fork Section, page 163; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Shale, sandy 18 0
Coal blossom, heavy 2 0
Sandstone 30 0
The Loop Creek Estate Coal Prospect — No. 384 on Map
II, on west hillside of Ingram Branch, 5^ mile south of Hamilton, at an elevation of 202(y L., is in the Eagle Coal according to C. E. Krebs ; no section of bed obtained.
The Loop Creek Estate Coal Prospect — No. 385 on Map II, on point, south side of Loop Creek, 0.9 mile southeast of Hamilton, at an elevation of 1974' L., is also in Eagle Coal according to the same authority.
Paint Creek Colliery Co. "Hickory Camp" Mine — (Abandoned) — No. 80 on Map 11.
On east hillside of Paint Creek, % mile east of Hickory Camp; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1355' L.; section at drift mouth by Teets.
Feet Inches.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 637
Nos. 5, 6, and 7 are reported to reach a thickness of 20 inches at some places in this mine.
The author also measured a section and took two samples of the coal at this mine in 1907 as published by Dr. White on page 341 of Volume 11(A) of the Survey, as follows:
Feet. Inches.
3. Coal, cannelly 0' 3"
"Butts, N. 75** E.; faces, N. 15*» W.; greatest rise. S. 15° E.; mine capacity, 280 tons; men employed, 40; coal shipped east and west for general fuel and steam purposes; sample from Nos. 4 and 8, and also from No. 8 only, the analyses of which were published under Nos. 19 and 20 in Table No. 3, page 348, of Volume 11(A), and republished by him under the same numbers on page 257 of Bullelln 2."
These analyses are republished in the present report under Min« No. 80 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Christian Colliery Co. No. 1 Mine — No. 81 on Map II.
On west hillside of Paint Creek, ^ mile southeast of Hickory Camp; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1482' L.; section by Teets.
Peet Inches.
Slate and shale 3 5
Coal, gas V 3%"
Slate, gray, 0%" to 0 0%
Coal 0 2
Slate 0 5
The following section was given A. M. Hagan by R. B.
Whitaker, General Manager, in 1918:
Feet Inches.
Slate 0 7
Coal 3 3 5 4
The following section was measured by A. M- Hagan in
Feet Inches.
''Coal owned by Christian Colliery Co.; principal office, Charleston, W. Va.; daily capacity, 500 tons; daily output, 500 tons; 40 laborers and 65 miners employed; motor haulage; used for by-product purposes; shipped west; Sample No. 939H collected on 2nd South Butt entry, % mile from crop, from Nos. 5, 9, 10, and 11 of section; butts, S. 75® W.; faces, N. 15° W.; greatest rise, southeast; authority for mine data, R. B. Whi taker. General Manager; started operation in 1911. Nos. 6, 7, and 8 are not mined."
The analysis of the sample collected by Mr. Hagan, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 81 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Eagle By-Products Coal Co. No. 1 Mine— No. 81 A on Map II.
On east hillside of Paint Creek, 0.3 mile northeast of Krebs; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1630' L.; section by A. M. Hagan.
Feet Inches.
Coal 1 3
Shale, 6" to 1 2
"Coal owned by Eagle By-Products Coal Ck).; principal office, Charleston, W. Va.; daily capacity, 100 tons; daily output, 70 tons; 25 laborers and 23 miners employed; mule haulage; section measured 450 feet from mine mouth on main entry; started operation in 1917; authority for mine data, Alf Cox, Assistant Foreman."
The following section was measured by C. E. Krebs at the above mine and he also submitted a sample of the coal for analysis the results of which, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, are given under Mine No. 81 A in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter:
West Virginia Geological Survey. 639
Feet Inches.
>»»
Shale, gray 0 7
Milbum Coal Co. Mine — No. 82 on Map II.
On head of Skitter Creek, 1.7 miles due west of Kingston; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1879' L.; for stratlgraphic position see Kingston— 1.7 miles West Section, page 165; section by Teets in 1916.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, visible 15 0
Coal V 4"
Slate 2 2
Coal 0 2
Slate 0 8
"Principal ofilce, Milburn, W. Va.; used for by-product and domestic purposes; shipped west; lease coal from W. Va. Coal Land Co.; dally capacity, 1500 tons, daily output; 900 tons; 80 miners and 125 day men, 75 work as production men; Company was organized in 1913; electric haulage; D. H. Momton, General Manager, authority for mine data."
The following section was measured and mine data collected by A. M. Hagan in February, 1918 :
Feet Inches.
2. Coal, soft 1' 7 "
"Coal owned by Milbum iBy-Products Coal Co.; principal office, Indianapolis, Ind.; daily capacity, 2000 tons; daily output 700 tons; 40 laborers and 45 miners employed; motor haulage; used for byproduct purposes; shipped west; greatest rise, S. 55° B.; sample No. 936H collected from Nos. 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8 of section, on 1st Left, 800 feet from entry; authority for mine data, Thomas Green, Mine Foreman."
The analysis of the sample collected by Mr. Hagan, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 82 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Solvay Collieries Co.— Westerly No. 1 Mine— No. 83 on
Map II.
On south hillside of Paint Creek, % mile southwest of Keefer-ton; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1880' B.; section and data by Teets in 1916.
i<*eet. Inches.
Slate 0 1
"The above section was measured in the right rib opposite slate hole frog. Principal office, Syracuse, N. Y.; General Manager's office, Kingston, W. Va.; shipped east and west; used for by-product purposes; 80 miners and 70 laborers employed; daily capacity, 1500 tons; daily output, 760 tons; Milburn Coal & Coke Co. operated this seam from about 1909 to April. 1913, when the Solvay Collieries Co. bought them out; James M. Smyth, Mine Foreman, authority for mine data.**
The following section was measured by A. M. Hagan in February, 1918, and the appended mine data secured by him
when sampling the coal for analysis :
Feet. Inches.
8. Shale, blue, floor '.
"Daily capacity, 700 tons; daily output, 700 tons; 41 laborers and 55 miners employed; electric motor haulage; greatest rise, S. 55^ K; sample No. 933H collected from Nos. 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of section, in 16th room on 10th Left, 3000 feet from crop; authority for mine data, F. H. Morton, Superintendent; started operation in 1910."
The analysis of this sample, as reported by Messrs. Hitc and Krak,.is given under Mine No. 83 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Solvay Collieries Co. No. 5 Mine — No. 84 on Map II.
On head of Milbum Creek, 1.2 miles southwest of Kingston; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2005' B.; section by Teets, in 1916.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, gray 0 1
Coal, blocky 1 6
Coal, soft 1 0
Hi is
is 11
Ii
Ii
West Virginia Geological Survey. 64I
The following section was measured by A. M. Hagan at
the above mine in February, 1918:
Feet. Inches.
4. Coal, bone. OVa" to 0 1%
*'Coal owned by Solvay Collieries Co.; principal offices, Syracuse, N. Y., and Huntington. W. Va.; daily capacity, 1000 tons; daily oat* put, 800 tons; 40 laborers and 125 miners employed; motor haulage; shipped west for by-product purposes; main dip, N. 66** W.; sample No. 931H collected by A. M. Hagan from Nos. 2, 5. 6. 7. and 8 of section at face of 9th Right, 2000 feet from crop; operation began in 1914; authority for mine data. P. H. Morton. General Manager and Superin< tendent."
The analysis of this sample, as reported by Messrs- Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 84 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Solvay Collieries Co. No. 3 Mine — No. 85 on Map II.
On head of Milburn Creek. 1.3 miles southwest of Kingston; Edgle Coal; elevation, 2021' L.; section measured near drift mouth by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate 0 2
Coal, block 1 3
Coal, soft 1 0
Solvay Collieries Co. No. 1 Mine — No. 86 on Map II.
On east hillside of Milburn Creek, 0.7 mile south of Kingston; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2033' L.; section by Teets near drift mouth.
Feet. Inches.
Slate 0 1
Shale, Eagle, marine fossils
Teets reports that the slate parting in the above seam thickens at some places in this mine to 2 feet.
Solvay Collieries Co. No. lA Mine — No. 87 on Map II.
On west hillside of Bishop Branch, 1 mile S. 20"* E. of Kingston; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2036' L.; section hy Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, 7" to 0 1
Solvay Collieries Co. No. 2 Mine — No. 88 on Map II.
On east hillside of Milbum Qreek, 1.2 miles south of Kingston; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2036' L.; section by Teets near drift mouth. In 1916.
Feet, inches.
Slate 0 1
The follow'-ing section wsls measured by A. M. Hagan in
February, 1918, at the above mine :
Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, soft 1' 8"
"Coal owned by Solvay Collieries Co.; principal office, Syracuse, N. Y.; headquarters, Huntington, W. Va.; daily capacity, 1000 tons; daily output, 950 tons; 60 laborers and 85 miners employed; mule and motor haulage; shipped west for by-product purposes; greatest rise, S. 55** iE.; sample No. 937H collected by A. M. Hagan from Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5 of section in 2nd Left *B*; F. H. Morton, authority for mine data; started operation in 1910."
The analysis of this sample, as reported by Messrs. Hi to and Krak, is given under Mine No. 88 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Milbum Coal Co. Prospect Opening — No. 88A on Map II.
On point, south side of Paint Creek, 1.8 mile# due west of Keefer-ton; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1675 ± B.; section by R. B. Whitaker.
Feet. Inches.
Coal r 4"
Slate 1 6
Coal 3 3 6 1
West Virginia Geological Survey. 643
Milbum Coal Co. Prospect Opening — No. 88B on Map II.
•
On point, south side of Paint Creek, 1.4 miles S. 75** W. of Keefer-ton; Eagle Coal; elevation, 1825' L.; section by R. B. Whitaker.
Feet. Inches.
Pire clay 2 9
Coal 3 6 7 8
Fayetteville District.
In Fayetteville District, the Eagle Coal, as shown on Figure 15 and Map II, is confined to several scattered areas in the western third of the District. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Sugar Creek, Parral, Potato Hill Knob, and Herberton, pages 185, 186, 191, and 194, respectively. It has been prospected here considerably by natives for local domestic fuel and by the large land-holding companies. It has also been operated at two commercial mines on Paint Creek along the line of the Virginian Railway. Its description at these openings and other exposures follows.
Solvay Collieries Co. Coal Prospect — No. 386 on Map II.
On head of Bishop Branch, li> mile N. 15'* W. of Town Creek Knob; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2109' L.; section by Solvay Collieries Co.
Feet. Inches.
Coal r 9 "
Fireclay 0 1
Coal 2 0%
Coal Opening — No. 387 on Map II.
On head of Town Creek, 2% miles northwest of Herberton; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2205' L.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, gray and brown, visible. 6 0
Coal, soft, gray, columnar 1' 10"
Shale, gray, soft, 3" to 0 5
Coal, medium-soft, columnar 2 1 4 4
Slate
Long Branch Coal Co. (Abandoned) Mine — No. 89 on Map II.
On northeast slope of Potato Hill Knob, 2i^ miles northwest of Herberton; Eagle Coal; elevation. 2230' B.; for stratigraphic position see Potato Hill Knob Section, page 191; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, soft 0' 7"
3. Slate, black, coal streaks. . 1 6
4. Coal, slaty 1 2 Eagle "A" 3 3
5. Shale, buff, sandy, iron ore nodules 8 0
6. Coal, soft, Eagle, with 2" to i" parting of
slate just above middle 4 0
No. 6 not exposed outside but given by W. S. Kelly, Foreman. The Eagle mine has only temporarily been abandoned until the No. 2 Gas Coal is mined out
Coal Opening — No. 388 on Map II.
On southeast slope of Potato Hill Knob, 2^ miles northwest of Herberton; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2220' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, opening closed, 3' 0" to 4 0
Willis Branch Coal Co. (Abandoned) Mine — No. 90 on Map II.
On west hillside of Paint Creek, % mile west of Herberton; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2476' L.; section by author, 60 feet in.
Feet. Inches. Shale, sandy, mass of calamite fossil plants and
other plants, visible 2 0
Coal, soft, columnar 1' 6"
Mother coal 0 1
Coal, soft, columnar 1 10 3 5
Shale, sandy 5 0
This mine had been temporarily abandoned on accouni of financial difficulties, only about 60 acres being worked out of the 1600 owned.
In 1908, Dr. I. C. White published the following information concerning this mine, as given on page 342 of Volum; 11(A) :
"The coal has recently been opened up on the property of the Me- Kinley Land Company, by the Herbert Collieries Company, at Herberton, and there Mr. Hennen secured the following data:
Feet. Inches.
'Taces, irregular; greatest rise, southeast; mine capacity, 400 tons; men employed, 60; coal shipped east and west for steam; sample from Nos. 3, 4, and 5, the analysis of which was published under No. 23 in Table No. 3, page 348 of Volume 11(A) and republished by Dr. White under the same number on page 257 of Bulletin 2."
This analysis is given under Mine No. 90 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was also measured and sampled at three points by A. M. Hazelwood, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on August 16, 1909, as described on pages 925 and 926 of Bulletin 22 of the tJ. S. Bureau of Mines :
Section A (sample 8903) was cut from pillar No. 1 on right entry 1, 400 feet north of drift mouth; thicknesB 3' 11%" coal.
Section B (sample 8904) was cut from the face of the main entry, 1500 feet northwest of the drift mouth; thickness 3' 7%" coal.
Section C (sample 8905) was cut from the face of room 21, oE left entry 1, 1,200 feet west of the drift mouth; thickness 4' 1" coal.
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8903, 8904, and 8905. The results of an ultimate analysis of this sample are shown under laboratory No. 8937.
These analyses, as taken from page 231 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 90 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal at this mine was undercut with hand picks; two-thirds was shot down with a short-flame explosive and one-third with black powder. There were no screens, the entire output being loaded as run-of-mine coal. The coal was cleaned by one picker as it was loaded on the car. The rated capacity of the mine in 1909 was 630 tons per day, the average daily output being 400 tons and the maximum day's run 650 tons. The output of the mine was to be gradually Increased, the coal to be derived from advance work. This mine had 1,700 acres of unmined coal." — p. 926.
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Coal Opening — No. 389 on Map II.
On east hillside of Goode Hollow, 2.6 miles northeast of Kingston; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2075' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate and bone 0 10
Gallier Coal Co. Coal Opening — No. 390 on Map II.
On head of Long Branch, 2 miles N. 26*' B. of Mossy; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2150' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate 0 10
Map 11.
On north hillside of Lick Fork of Mossy Creek, i/^ mile north of Coleman School; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2210' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches. Coal, Eagle, opening closed and abandoned, reported to be 6' 0" to 7 0
Interval 30 0
Coal, Little Eagle, visible 2 6
Coal Prospect — No. 392 ofi Map II.
On south hillside of Lick Fork of Mossy Creek, 0.6 mile east of Coleman School; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2326' B.; e'Zamined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, soft 3' 0"
Shale, gray 0 6
Coal, soft 2 2
Slate, gray 5 0
Coal, soft 2 2 Eagle 12 9
Shale, gray and concealed, and shale, gray 22 0
Coal, soft. Little Eagle 2 4
Stuart Colliery Co. Coal Opening — No. 393 on Map II.
On head of Whiteoak Fork, 0.8 mile north of Parral (Summerlee) ; Eagle Coal; elevation, 2365' B.; for stratigraphic position, see Parral Section; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, Eagle, several thick partings 13 0
The above section is as published by Dr. White on page 334 of Volume 11(A) from information collected by the author in connection with Mine No. 93 on Map II in the Little Eagle Coal, a description of which is given later in this report under Mine No. 93 on Map II.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
For the stratigraphic position of Coal Exposure No. 394 on Map II, in hill trail, head of Sugar Creek, Iji miles N. 50° W. of Fayetteville, at an elevation of 2065' B., in the Eagle Coal, see Sugar Creek of Laurel Section, page 185.
Qaantity of Eagle Coal Available.
Based on the evidence given on preceding pages and a planimetric determination of the area from Map II, as limited on Figure 15, by A. M. Hagan, the following estimate is made by the author of the probable amount of Eagle Coal available in Fayette County :
Probable Amoimt of Eagle Coal.
District
Falls
Kanawha
Mountain Cove. Fayetteville ...
Ufe
«
Go
0
0/
m
oQ -a
« s
<D
•
U
Cq
Q Oq
at
3
u
cr
0
H
Co
<
Totals for County,
H 08
4J O
Co
The Little Eagle Coal.
The Little Eagle Coal, described briefly in Chapter VI, pages 262-263, is believed to attain minable dimensions — 18 inches and upwards — throughout the region of its occurrence in Fayette County, as shown on Figure 16. As a separate bed it has only been mined commercially at a single operation (No. 93 on Map II) within the County, although as mentioned on page 629 under the description of Coal Exposure No. 380 on Map II, it is worked in the same mining section with the Eagle bed in the Kingston and Keeferton regions. It has also been prospected considerably by natives for local domestic fuel and by the large land-holding companies. Its
Coai, And Coke.
West Virginia Geological Surv'^Ey. 649
thickness and character at these openings and other exposures will now be described by magisterial districts.
Falls District.
In Falls District, the Little Eagle Coal has never been mined commercially but it outcrops above drainage, except in the northwest border northward from the Kanawha River, thus making it accessible to drift openings throughout a wide region. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Smithers, Boomer — }i Mile East, Belva — 0.7 Mile South, Albion— Woods Ferry, Peters Creek, and Deitz, page references to which are given in the Index. It has been prospected considerably by natives for local domestic fuel for which it has an excellent reputation. its description at these diggings and other exposures follows.
K. & M. R. R. Coal Exposure— No. 91 on Map II.
On point east bank of Smithers Creek at Smithers; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 639' L.; used in Smithers Section, page 122; examined
by Teets. i:, * t u
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, flaggy, visible 16 0
Shale, slaty, gray, marine fossils .< 5 0
Coal, Little Eagle, splinty 1 11
Shale, gray, sandy, plant fossils 4 0
Sandstone, flaggy, to railroad grade 4 0
The analysis of a sample collected by Teets at the above exposure, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 91 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Coal Opening — No. 395 on Map II.
On east hillside of Rich Creek, opposite mouth of liick Branch; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 1005' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches. Coal, Little Eagle, (in some places) about 1 4
Gauley Mountain Coal Co. Coal Opening — No. 396 on Map II.
On west hillside of Lick Branch of Rich Creek, 1.4 miles south of Jodie; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, lOTO'B.; examined by Teets.
Feet Inches.
Shale, sandy
Gauley Mountain Coal Co. Coal Opening — No. 397 on Map II.
«
On east hillside of Rich Creek, opposite mouth of Bridge Fork; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 1135' B.; section as reported to Teets by Qauley Mountain Coal Company.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone
Coal Opening — No. 398 on Map II, in ravine, south side of Gauley River, J4 mile southwest of mouth of Sugar Creek, at an elevation of lAAV B., in the Little Eagle Coal, examine! by author, was closed and thickness not learned.
C. C. Harrah Coal Opening— No. 399 on Map II.
On east hillside of Horseshoe Creek, 0.4 mile southeast of Galley River; Little Eagle Coal; elevation 1760' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, opening closed, reported by Mr. Harrah, clean, with a thickness of 2 6
A. N. Steele Coal Opening — No. 400 on Map II.
On west hillside of Horseshoe Creek, 0.9 mile southeast trom Gauley River; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 1615' B.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, visible 4 0
The coal here has a great reputation for domestic fuel, but could not get sample for analysis on account of water.
Widow Bums Heirs Coal Opening — No. 401 on Map II.
On west hillside of Horseshoe Creek, 1 mile southeast from Gauley River; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 1625' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, clean, reported (opening closed) 2 6
Coal Exposure — No. 401A on Map II.
In hill hoad, 0.4 mile southwest of Mulvane; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 1820' B. ; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, in road, with slate top and bottom 1 10
West Virginia Geological Survey. 65I
Lawrence Harrah Coal Opening — No. 402 on Map I£.
On west side of knob, 1^ miles N. 40** E. of mouth of Horseshoe Creek; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 1715' B.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, dark, argillaceous, roof
Coal, clean 2 6
. Riley Forbis Coal Opening — No. 403 on Map II.
On east side of knob, 1.3 miles N. 40° E. of mouth of Horseshoe Creek; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 1705' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, dark 1 6
Kincaid & Conley Coal Opening — No. 92 on Map II.
On east side of ridge, 0.8 mile N. 60° W. of Ramsey; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 1830' B.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, bufT, argillaceous, visible 2 0
The analysis of sample (913H) collected by the author 100 feet in the above mine, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 92 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The results obtained for this sample as also those for that from Exposure No. 91 on Map II, described on a preceding page, indicate a coal of great excellence, approaching in calorific value the famous coals of the New River Group.
Mountain Cove District.
In Mountain Cove District, the Little Eagle Coal has been prospected so little that the information concerning its thickness and regularity is somewhat meager, but it is believed to average 18 inches and upwards in thickness, or sufficient to warrant its classification as minable in the area shown on Figure 16. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the Ansted — Hawks Nest and Mulvane — 1 Mile Southwest Sections, published m Chapter IV, pages 171 and 173,
respectively. The only other exposures observed in the District are the two described next below.
Gauley Mountain Coal Co. Tramroad — Coal Exposure — No.
In coal railroad grade, ^ mile due north of Ansted; Little Eagle Coal ; elevation, 1630' B. ; examined by the author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, sandy, visible 5 0
Shale, black, Lingula fossils abundant 1 6
Coal, gas 0 9
Shale, gray 5 0
Coal Opening — No. 405 on Map II.
On east side of hill road, 1% miles N. 16° E. of Victor; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 1765' B.; examined by author; digging closed, thickness concealed.
Kanawha District.
In Kanawha District, the Little Eagle Coal, as shown on Figure 16, covers a wide area. It also attains a fair development, especially in the southern border on the headwaters of Armstrong Creek and on Paint Creek, in the latter region being operated in commercial mines in the same mining section with the Eagle bed. Its thickness and stratigraphic position in this District are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Mt. Carbon, Deepwater, Kimberly, Beckwith, Columbia — 1.2 Miles Southwest, Elk Ridge, Powellton — >^ Mile Northwest, Powellton, Head of Powellton Fork, Page, and Kingston, page references to which are given in the Index. It has been prospected considerably by the large land-holding companies. Its description at these diggings and other exposures follows.
Coal Prospect — No. 406 on Map II.
In ravine, south hillside of Kanawha River, 2.4 miles southwest of
Kanawha Falls; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 128(KB.; examined by
author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, bufT, sandy, visible 1 0
Coal, gas, medium-soft 2 0
Slate, gray, and concealed ,.. 3 0
Sandstone, flaggy, shaly 25 0
West Virginia Geological Survey. 653
Coal Prospect — No. 407 on Map II.
Ou north hillside of Kanawha River, 0.6 mile due south of No. 406; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 1345' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet Inches. Coal and slate z 2
•
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Prospect — No. 408 on Map II.
On west hillside of Mulberry Fork, 2.4 miles northwest of Ford Knob; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 1575' B.; section as reported to Teets; opening fallen shut.
Feet. Inches.
Slate 0 7
Coal 2 11 4 6
Coal Exposure — No. 380 on Map II.
On head of Powellton Fork; Little Eagle Coal; (See same number for Eagle €k)al) ; elevation, 1480' B.; for stratigraphlc position see Head of Powellton Fork Section, page 162; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, sandy 13 0
Coal, soft, columnar 2 3
Shale, gray 1 9
Sandstone, to railroad grade 7 0
Coal Exposure — No. 409 on Map II.
In hill road at head of Dempsey Branch, 2.9 miles S. 60* W. of Cotton Hill; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 1715' B.
Feet. Inches. Coal, (sandstone roof and slato floor) 2 9
Coal Exposure — No. 410 on Map II.
In hill road at head of Fails Creek, 2.2 miles southeast of Kanawha Falls: Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 1660' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, visible 5 0
Coal, gas 1' 2"
Bone 0 2
Coal Exposure — No. 411 on Map II.
On west bank of Left Fork of Armstrong Creek; % mile up former stream; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 1430' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, sandy and flaggy, visible 15 0
Coal, gas, bright, medium-soft 2 4
Shale 3 0
Sandstone 3 0
Shale to bed of Armstrong Creek 3 0
Coal Exposure — No. 379 on Map II.
On east bank of Left Fork of Armstrong Creek; Little Eagle Coal;
(See same number for Eagle Coal); elevation, 1650' B.; examined by
author.
Feet Inches.
Shale, buff, argillaceous 4 4
Coal, gas, medium-soft 2 4
Pire clay shale to creek — • 0
Fayetieville District.
In Fayetteville District, the Little Eagle Coal, as shown on Figure 16, is confined to several scattered areas in the northwestern third of the District. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Fayetteville — 1.5 Miles Nojthwest, Sugar Creek, and Parral, pages 183, 185, and 186, respectively. It was once mined commercially in the ridge northwest of Parral and it has been prospected considerably by natives for local domestic fuel. Its description at these openings and other exposures follows.
Martin Wilson Coal Opening — No. 412 on Map II.
On head of Marr Branch, 1.9 miles N. 40** W. of Fayetteville; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 2015' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Sandstone, current-bedded, coarse, brown, micaceous, visible 4 0
Coal, gas; medium-soft, 4" to 0' 5"
Slate, black, siliceous, 2" to 0 3
Coal, soft, columnar, 22" to 2 0 2 8
Fire clay shale, grayish-white 2 0
Coal Opening — No. 413 on Map II.
On head of Sugar Creek, edge of trail, 1.8 miles northwest of Fayetteville; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 2015' B.; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, visible 6 0
Shale, sandy, 0" to 1 6
Coal, gas, medium-soft 0' 7"
Bone 0 1
West Virginia Geological Survey. 655
Coal Exposure — No. 414 on Map II.
In hill road, 1.3 miles S. 70» W. Of Cotton Hill; Little Eagle Coal, elevation, 1720' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, vLslble 15 0
Slate 2 0
Coal r 4"
•Slate 0 2
Coal, gas 0 7 2 1
On head of Orchard Branch of Laurel, 0.9 mile due east of Big Rock Knob; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 1775' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, flaggy and shaly, visible 6 0
Coal, gas, medium-soft 1' 1"
Slate, black 0 0% J
Coal, soft, columnar 3 0 Little Eagle 4 4
Slate and concealed 40 0
Slate, flaggy and sandy 50 0
Concealed 10 0
Shale, black, Eagle, marine fossils 5 0
Sandstone, Lower War Eagle, coarse, brown 50 0
E. B. Hawkins Coal Opening — No. 416 on Map II.
On south side of Cassidy Branch of Laurel, 0.8 mile N. 75** E. of Ford Knob; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 1825' B;; examined by author.
Feet Inches. Shale, plant fossils, bufT, argillaceous and siliceous, visible 12 0
Coal, soft, columnar 0' 3"
Shale, gray 0 3
Coal, soft, columnar 0 4
Shale, dark-gray 0 2
Coal, soft, columnar 1 0
Bony slate, black 0 1
Coal Opening — No, 417 on Map II, on east side of ridge, I mile due south of Ford Knob, Little Eagle Coal, elevation, 193(y B., examined by author; closed, thickness not learned.
6S6 Coal And Coke.
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Coal Opening — No. 418 on Map II.
On northeast side of ridge. 1.35 miles S. h° E. of Ford Knob; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 1950' B.; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, roof
Coal, soft, columnar 0' 3 "
Slate, black, 0" to 0 0%
Stuart Colliery Co. "Beech Creek" Mine (Abandoned)— No. 93
on Map II.
On south side of ridge, % mile N. 15° W. of Parral (Summerlee) ; Little Eagle Coal; worked out and abandoned in 1911; elevation, 2325' B.; section at entrance, by author; for stratigraphic position see Parral Section, page 186.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, visible 5 0
Coal, gas, medium-soft 0' 2V^"
Coal, slightly bony 0 1
Coal, gas, medium-soft 0 6H
The author also measured a section of the coal at thi^ mine in 1907 as published by Dr. White on page 334 of
Feet Inches.
2. Coal, Eagle, several thick partings 13 0
4. Draw slate, 8" to 0 4
5. Coal, gas, soft 0' 9 "
7. Coal, soft 2 8 Little Eagle 3 5^
9. Coal, Sewel I, in Parral Shaft 4 2
Greatest rise, S. 40'* E.; butts, N. 70° E.; capacity of mine, 100 tons ; men employed, 22 ; coal shipped mostly east for steam purposes ; authority for mine data, Lawson Blenkinsopp, Superintendent; sample from Nos. 5, 6, and 7, the analysis of which was published by Dr. White under No. 9 in Table No. 3, page 347, of Volume 11(A), and republished by him under the same number on page 257 of Bulletin 2.
This analysis is given under Mine No. 93 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed vv^as also measured and sampled (No. 8173) by David White, Chief Geologist of the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 9, 1909, at face of right heading 2,900 feet from the
West Virginia Geological Survey. 657
drift mouth, as published on pages 938-9 ot Bulletin 22, of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, the analysis of same being published on page 236 of the same Bulletin. This analysis is republished under Mine No. 93 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
G. W. Perry Coal Opening— No. 419 on Map II.
On head of Sugar Branch, 1 mile due north of Parral (Summerlee) ; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 232(KB.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Sandstone, massive, rather coarse-grained, micaceous, buff, visible 6 0
Slate, gray, soft 1 3
Coal, medium-soft C 7 "
Slate, black 0 0%
Coal Prospect — No. 392 on Map II.
On south hillside of Lick Fork of Mossy Creek, 0.6 mile east of Coleman Schoolhouse; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 2300' B., (See same number for mine in Eagle Coal) ; examined by author.
Feet Inches. Shale, gray, and concealed and gray shale from
Eagle Coal *. 22 0
Coal, soft, Little Eagle 2 4
Coal Exposure — No. 420 on Map II, in hill road, 1^ miles due west of Fayetteville ; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 209(y B., represented by blossom in road.
Coal Exposure — No. 421 on Map II-
In ridge road, 2^ miles due west of Fayetteville; Little Eagle Coal; elevation, 2115' B.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, coarse, brown 35 0
Concealed 7 0
Coal blossom, heavy 3 0
Fire clay shale and concealed
Qaantity of Little Eagle Coal Available,
Based on the foregoing evidence and a planimetric determination by A. M. Hagan of the area as limited on Figure 16 from Map II, the following estimate is made by the author for the probable amount of Little Eagle Coal available in Fayette County :
Coal And Coke.
Probable Amount of Little Eagle Coal.
District.
«
03
a,
so
s-s
S
Ob
eS
0;
0
u
.d 00
O*
o
•
Gq
O
0?
O
o
Co
g
Eh
o
Cd
Palls
Kanawha
Mountain Cove Fayetteville . . .
I-
Totals for County] | 125.69| 80,441.6| 6,181,617,024| 247,264.681
The Glenalum Tunnel Coal.
The Glenalum Tunnel Coal, described briefly in Chapter VI, pages 268-269, appears to attain minable dimensions and regularity in Fayette only in the southeast border of Kanawha and the northwestern half of Fayetteville Districts, as shown in detail on Figure 17. It has never been mined commercially in the County but it kas been prospected to some extent by natives and large land-holding companies. It is an excellent .steam and domestic fuel coal and possesses a calorific value closely approaching that of the beds of the New River Group as will be readily seen in Table 1 of coal analyses at the end of this Chapter. Its thickness and character at the several diggings and exposures observed are described below by magisterial districts.
Kanawha District.
In Kanawha District, the Glenalum Tunnel Coal, in minable development, appears to be confined to the southeast border on the headwaters of Loop Creek and on Paint Creek- Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Elk Ridge, Powellton — yi Mile Northwest, Powellton, Keeferton — yi Mile West, and Kingston, page references to which are given in the Index; and in test wells for oil and gas Nos. 11 and 12 on Map II, the logs of which are published on pages 350 and 351, respectively. The following opening and exposure were examined by the author :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 659
Coal Opening — No. 422 on Map II.
On Bouth bank, % mile up Jenkins Fork of Armstrong Creek; Glenaium Tunnel Coal; elevation, 860' B.
Feet Inches.
Shale, buff, siliceous, visible 10 0
Concealed, holding coal, 2' 0" to H 0
Sandstone, massive, to creek 80 0
Coal Exposure — No. 423 on Map II.
On west bank of Armstrong Creek, 0.6 mile southwest from mouth of Powellton Fork; Glenaium Tunnel Coal; elevation, 960' B.
Feet Inches.
Shale, sandy, visible 8 0
Coal, gas 1 6
Shale 1 0
Sandstone, makes clift. Lower Gilbert 80 0
Concealed to bed of Armstrong Creek 30 0
Fayetteville District.
In Fayetteville District, the Glenaium Tunnel Coal, in minable thickness and regularity, is represented by several scattered areas in the northwestern half of the District as exhibited in detail on Figure 17. Its thickness and stratigraphic position here are shown in the sections published in Chapter IV for Carlisle, Potato Hill Knob, and Herberton, pages 189, 191, and 194, respectively. It has been prospected here both by natives and large land-holding companies as shown in the following openings :
Coal Opening — No. 94 on Map II.
End of private road, % mile S. 10"* E. of Potato Hill Knob and 2 miles northwest of Herberton; Glenaium Tunnel Coal; elevation, 1986' 6.; for general atratigraphic position, see Potato Hill Knob Section, page 191.
Feet IncheB.
Shale, visible 1 0
The analysis of a sample (908H) collected by the author at the opening, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 94 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter. The calorimetric result for this sample'is surprising in that it shows over 15,000 B. T. U. per pound of coal, ranking it along with the best coals of the New River and Pocahontas Groups.
66o
Coal And Cork.
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WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 66l
McKinley Land Co. Coal Opening — No. 95 on Map II.
On county line, % mile S. 50* W. of Herberton; Glenaium Tunnel Coal; elevation, 2380' B.; for general stratigraphic position, see Her-berton Section, page 194.
Feet Incties.
Sandstone, visible 3 0
Slate, sandy, 0" to 0 6
Coal, soft, columnar, resembling New River type,
Slate
The analysis of a sample (909H) collected by the author at the above opening, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 95 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter. .
Coal Opening — No. 424 on Map II.
On west hillside of Peach Bottom Branch, 1 mile S. 60** W. of Carlisle; Glenalum Ti«nnel Coal; elevation, 2235' 6.; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, shaly, visible 8 0
Shale, sandy 1 6
Coal, soft, columnar 2 7
Shale, sandy, visible 1 0
M. P. Mahoney Coal Opening — No. 425 on Map II.
On north side of Fork Ridge, % mHe S. 60° W. of Carlisle; Glenalum Tunnel Coal; elevation, 2220' B.; for general stratigraphic position see Carlisle Section, page 189; examined by author.
Feet Inches. Coal, opening closed, reported soft and fine, according to J. W. Mahoney, burning to a white ash, with a thickness of 3 0
New River Co. Coal Opening — No. 426 on Map II.
On branch of Mossy Creek, 2.4 miles due west of Bishop; Glenalum Tunnel Coal; elevatiop, 2100' B.; section as given the author by Wm. Toney who once worked it; opening closed.
Feet Inches.
Slate roof
Slate fr.
Quantity of Glenalum Tunnel Coal Available.
Based on all the data in hand and a planimetric determination by A. M. Hagan of the apparent minable area of the
Coal And Coke.
Glenalum Tunnel bed from Map II as it is limited on Figure 17, the following estimate is made by the author of the probable amount of this coal available in Fayette County :
Probable Amount of Glenalum Tunnel Coal.
District
ce
09
Ou*
w .
S
o 9
i
•
Oq
0
U
>a BO
o
<
c6
O
u
O
o
oa
a o
u
o
Kanawha . PayetteviUe
1.5 I 7.671 4,908. 8| 320 740,992| 12,829,639
Totals fpr County... I | 18.98| 12,116. 2| 948,562,660| 37,942,502
The Gilbert Coal
The Gilbert Coal, described briefly in Chapter VI, page 271, appears to attain minable dimensions throughout the region indicated for it by the shading on Figtire 18. Its outcrop is shown in detail on Map II throughout the region of its occurrence, including the localities where it is too thin to have any economic importance. Although never mined commercially in Fayette, it has been operated by natives quite extensively for local domestic fuel. Its excellent character as a steam and domestic fuel coal is attested by the followinj^ average results from 5 samples collected in Wyoming County. THiblished on page 721 of the Wyoming-McDowell Report of
the State. Survey :
Per cent
Moisture 0.61
Volatile Matter 27.84
Fixed Carbon 63.61
Ash 7.94
Total 100.00
Sulphur 1.51
Phosphorus 0.018
The foregoing average analysis of Gilbert Coal from the southern portion of the State shows a higher fixed carbon and sulphur content than found for the two samples collected in Fayette, the analyses of which are given in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 663
Falls District,
In Falls District, the Gilbert Coal, in minable development, is confined to the eastern portion mostly in Dogwood Ridge and its intimately associated spurs as shown on Figure 18 and Map II. Its thickness and stratigraphic position in the District as a whole are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Gamoca and Albion — Woods Ferry, pages 131 and 140, respectively. It has been opened quite extensively, especially in the Dogwood Ridge region, by natives for local domestic fuel for which it bears an excellent reputation. Its description at these diggings and other exposures follows.
C. C. Harrah Coal Opening — No. 427 on Map II.
On east hillside of Horseshoe Creek, ^ mile southeast from Gauley Bridge; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1525' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, opening closed, reported 1 8
Charles Hess Coal Opening — No. 428 on Map II.
On west hillside of Laurel Creek, northeast side of road, 1% miles N. 70" E. of Horseshoe Creek; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1510' B.: examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, sandy, visible 2 0
Coal, soft, columnar 1 1
Shale, gray, soft 0 7
Coal, thickness concealed
Coleman Heirs Coal Opening — No. 429 on Map II.
On head of Horseshoe Creek, % mile S. 25** W. of Mulvane; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1580' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, opening closed, reported by W. F. Minter who says many sled-loads of coal were hauled from here for domestic fuel, but he did not remember about partings 1 10
Coal Opening — No. 430 on Map II.
On north edge of road, % mile northwest of Albion, in Nicholas County; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1420' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, opening closed, comes on top of 40 feet of coarse, brown, friable sandstone (Dotson) . .
Coal And Coke.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 665
O. W. Mason Coal Opening — No. 431 on Map II.
In Nicholas County, north hillside of Gauley River, 0.9 mile N. 30** E. of Albion; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1410' B.; for general stratlgraphlc position see Albion- Woods Ferry Section, page 140; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Shale, buff, sandy 9 0
Shale, bluish-black, plant fossils abundant 1 3
Coal, soft 0' 11%"
Slate, gray 0 0%
L. F. Cavendish Coal Opening — No. 432 on Map II.
In branch of Laurel, northwest side of Dogwood Ridge, 1.5 miles 8. 75° W. of Ramsey; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1850' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, buff, sandy, visible 15 0
Coal, opening closed, reported by Mr. Cavendish 33" to 36" thick, with 1" to 2" bone just below middle 3 0
About 14 inches of soft, columnar coal of the top portion is visible on outside, but full height is not shown on account of slip.
Coal Opening — No. 433 on Map II, on north edge of road, west side of Dogw^ood Ridge, 2.6 miles S. 70'' W. of Carnifex Ferry; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1855' B. ; examined by the author, was closed, and thickness not learned.
Coal Opening — No. 434 on Map II, on east side of Dogwood Ridge, 2.4 miles S. 40'' W. of Carnifex Ferry; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1865' B.; examined by author, was closed and thickness not learned.
Joseph Hawkins Coal Opening — No. 435 on Map II.
On east side of Dogwood Ridge, 2 miles S. 70** W. of Carnifex Ferry; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1816' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale roof, visible 2 0
Coal, soft, columnar 1' 4"
Coal, bony 0 4
W. C. Reynolds Coal Opening — No. 436 on M3p II.
On east side of Dogwood Ridge, 2 miles S. 70"* W. of Gai^nlfez Perry; Gilbert Coal; elevation* 1815' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, buff, argillaceous, roof, visible 2 0
Coal, soft, columnar 1' 1"
Coal, soft, columnar 0 6
Coal, bony 0 4
This mine is now furnishing a large supply of domestic fuel for the farmers in the surrounding region.
Mary A. Bolar Coal Opening — No. 437 on Map II.
In Nicholas County, north side of road, 1.4 miles N. S5** E. of Keslers Crosslanes; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1705' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, dark, sandy, visible 12 0
Coal, soft, columnar. 1' 1 "
Shale, gray 0 0%
Coal, soft 0 1%
Shale, gray, coal streak 0 6
Coal, bony 0 5
Coal, medium-hard, columnar 2 5 ... 4 7
Slate
The above opening occurs 50 feet above Opening No. 453 in the Douglas Coal.
Moantain Cove District
In Mountain Cove District, the Gilbert Coal, in minable development, appears to be confined to the southeastern two-thirds, as shown in detail on Figure 18. Its stratigraphic position is exhibited in the Ansted — Hawks Nest Section, page 172. It has been opened in this District quite extensively by farmers for local domestic. fuel. Its description at these diggings follows.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 667
Coal Opening — No. 438 on Map II.
On west hillside, ^ mile northwest of Ansted; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1430' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale 3 0
Coal, gas 1 4
Shale, gray 1 0
W, T. Hamilton Coal Opening— No. 439 on Map II.
On northwest hillside, 1 mile southwest of Ansted; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1560' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, roof
Coal, opening fallen shut, reported 2 4
David W. Fox Coal Opening — No. 440 on Map II.
On south side of turnpike, 1.3 miles S. 85" E. of Mountain Cove; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1830' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, soft, columnar 1' 2"
No. 4 of section is reported very hard and exceptionally
fine.
Henry Wilson Coal Opening — No. 440A on Map II.
On northwest side of high ridge, 0.9 mile S. 40'' E. of Mountain Cove; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1815' B.; opening closed; section as reported to Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, gray 1 '10
Coal, splint 1 6 4 9
It is very doubtful that the Gilbert Coal at the above opening carries splint coal, since its structure is usually of the soft and columnar type, characteristic of the beds in the New River and Pocahontas Groups and in the basal third of the Kanawha. It is often quite hard but even then is of the columnar type.
J. F. Neff Coal Opening— No. 96 on Map II.
On west side of ridge, 0.7 mile N. 70° W. of Hico; Gilbert C<xal; elevation, 2100' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, soft, columnar V 1%"
3. Shale, gray, soft, %" to 0 0%
4. Coal, medium-hard, blocky 1 2
5. Slate, black, bony. . ." 0 OK
6. Coal, medium-hard, blocky 0 11^ ... « 3 4
The analysis of a sample collected by the author from Xos. 2, 4, and 6 of section, as reported by Messrs. Kite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 96 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
MacNickell Coal Opening — No. 441 on Map II.
On east side of ridge, % mile N. 40"* W. of Hico; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 2115' B.; Butts, S. 75** W.; faces, S. 15** E.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, soft, columnar (shale roof) ... 1' 2 "
Shale, dark-gray, soft, %" to 0 0%
Slate, gray, visible 0 6
Wm. E. Hawver Coal Opening — No. 442 on Map II.
On west side of Dogwood Ridge, 1 mile due south of Deitz; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 2090' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, coarse, brown, soft, visible 2 0
Coal, medium-hard, columnar 2 0 2 10
Shale 0 6
Sandstone, coarse, brown, soft
Wm. E. Hawver Coal Opening — No. 443 on Map II, on west side of Dogwood Ridge, 0.15 mile southeast of Mine No. 442; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 2115' B. ; examined by author, was closed and thickness not learned.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 669
Geo. Hawver Coal Opening — No. 97 on Map II,
On west side of Dogwood Ridge, 0.65 mile S. lb"" E. of Deitz; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 2060' B.; section at working face, by author.
Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, soft, columnar 1' 2 "
8. Coal, medium-hard, columnar 1 10 ... 3 11 1^
The entry is driven S. 20° E., and coal rises rapidly, being at least 10 feet higher, 200 feet in mine. Mr. Hawver reports the coal as burning with a clean, white ash. The analysis of a sample (91 IH) collected by the author entirely across the face of the mine, as reported* by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 97 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Mrs. W. H. Crawford Coal Opening — No. 444 on Map II.
On west side of ridge, 0.8 mile S. 45° E. of Graydon; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1940' B.; section reported to author by R. R. Crawford.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, blulsh-whlte, hard 1 1
Kanawha District.
In Kanawha District, the Gilbert Coal does not appear to attain minable dimensions and purity, and for this reason the area is designated as barren on Figure 18, but its outcrop is indicated on Map II. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Deepwater, Powellton — J4 Mile Northwest, Powellton, Head of Johnson Fork, and Kingston, page references to which are given in the Index; and in the log of Coal Test Boring No. 13 in Map II, page 398. The three following exposures, all examined by the author, are within the limits of the District :
Coal Exposure— No. 445 on Map II.
On east bank of Armstrong Creek, at Elk Ridge; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1005' B.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, soft 0' 9"
Coal, and slate, mixed 0 10 Gilbert 1 7
Shale 3' 0"
Sandstone, shaly 6 0
Shale 0 6
Coal 0 2 8 8
Shale 1 0
Sandstone from railroad grade 16 0
a
Coal Exposure — No. 446 on Map II.
On east hillside of Powellton Fork, ^ mile northwest of Powellton Station; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 945' B.; for general stratigraphic position see Powellton — % Mile Northwest Section, page 157.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, bluish, sandy and flaggy 15 b
Coal, soft, columnar 1' 0"
Shale, sandy 3 0
Coal, slaty 0 6 4 6
Sandstone, Dotaon, grayish-white and brown, current-bedded 36 0
Shale, bluish-black, laminated, iron ore nodules . .
Coal Exposure — No. 447 on Map II.
On east hillside of Powellton Fork, 1 mile southeast of Powellton; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1080' B.
Feet. Inches. Coal 1 3
Coal Exposure — No. 448 on Map 11.
At foot of hill road, head of Johnson Fork, 1% miles south of Kincaid; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1585' B.; for general stratigraphic position see Head of Johnson Fork Section, page 163.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, shaly 5 0
Coal, soft, columnar, 1" 0" to 1 2
Fire clay shale 5 0
Sandstone
Fayetteville District.
In Fayetteville District, the Gilbert Coal is believed to attain minable dimensions — 18 inches and upwards — over the shaded area indicated for it on Figure 18. West of this shaded
I
West Virginia Geological Survey. 67I
area its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in ihe sections published in Chapter IV for Potato Hill Knob and Herberton, pages 192 and 194, respectively, as also in the two following openings :
Loup Creek Colliery Co. Coal Opening — No. 449 on Map II.
On head of Dempsey Branch, 1.7 miles N. 35° E. of Wriston; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1660' B.; examined by author.^
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, Dotton, massive, coarse, brown, visible 25 0
Coal Exposure — No. 450 on Map II.
In hill road, 1 mile S. 50° W. of Cotton Hill; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 1495' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, gray 0 5
Coal 0 3
Slate, gray 0 6
No. 451 on Map II.
On head of Horse Creek, near low gap, west side of road, 2.4 miles N. 45° E. of Herberton; Gilbert Coal; elevation, 2225' B.; examined by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, black, fossil plants ' 15 0
Qaantity of Gilbert Coal Available.
Based on all the data in hand, as also that given on preceding pages, and a planimetric determination from Map II by A. M. Hagan of the area as limited on Figure 18, the following estimate is made by the author of the probable amount of Gilbert Coal available in Fayette County :
Coal And Coke.
Probable Amount of Gilbert Coal.
District.
Thickness of Coal Assumed. Feet.
•
Acres.
Cubic Feet of Coal.
•
O O
o
cc
C
o
Eh
U O A
m
Fills
Mountain Cove
Totals for County 17.05
The Douglas Coal.
The Douglas Coal, described briefly in Chapter VI, pages 273-274, is quite generally present at the outcrop of its horizon throughout the County, but it appears to attain minable dimensions and regularity only in the southwest portion of Fayetteville District as shown on Figure 19. It is not mined commercially but it has been prospected to some extent by natives for local domestic fuel for which it has an excellent reputation. The following average analysis from 7 samples collected in Wyoming and McDowell Counties, taken from page 721 of the Wyoming-McDowell Report of the State Survey, gives a fair idea of its chemical composition in its type
region of the State :
Per cent.
Moisture 1.46
Volatile Matter 27.13
Fixed Carbon 67.38
Ash 4.03
Total 100.00
Sulphur 0.66
Phosphorus 0.012
. The above average result is considerably higher in volatile matter and lower in phosphorus than obtained for the single sample collected in Fayette County (see No. 98 in Table 1 at end of this Chapter).
i
"a 1 = IS
• f
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Falls District
In Falls District, the Douglas Coal is not believed to attain minable dimensions and regularity. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the Panther Mountain Section, page 142, as also in the following exposure and opening :
Coal Exposure — No. 452 on Map II.
In road, 1.7 miles N. 20"* W. of Ramsey; Douglas Coal; eleTation, 1490' B. ; examined by author.
Feet. Incbes. Sandstone, coarse, brown, friable, Dotson, from
top of knob 45 0
Shale, black-bluish, sandy 10 0
Sandstone 6 0
Shale and concealed 4 0
Co«l, thickness concealed 0' 8"
Shale 5 0
Coal, slaty 0 4 Douglas 6 0
Fire clay shale 5 0
Shale, sandy, Iron ore lenses 66 0
Coal, blossom, trace, Lower Douglas 0 6
Shale, to top of Upper Nuttall Sandstone 5 0
Mary A. Bolar Coal Opening — No. 453 on Map II.
In Nicholas County, north side of road, 1.4 miles N. SS"" E. of Keslers Crosslanes; Douglas Coal; elevation, 1655' B.; examined by author.
Feet, inches.
Sandstone, coarse, brown, friable, Dotson
Coal, thickness concealed, but reported clean, very black and bright, by Coleman Bolar 2 6
The above opening belongs 50 feet below Mine No. 437 in the Gilbert Coal.
Mountain Cove District.
In Mountain Cove District, the Douglas Coal it not believed to attain minable development. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Ansted — Hawks Nest and Mulvane — 1 Mile Southwest, pages 172 and 173, respectively.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 675
Kanawha District.
In Kanawha District, the Douglas Coal is present in practically the same development as in the area last described. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Deepwater, Keeferton — yi Mile West, and Kingston, pages 149, 164, and 167, respectively.
Fayet teville District.
« In Fayetteville District, the Douglas Coal appears to
attain minable dimensions over a considerable region in the
southwest portion, as shown by the shaded area on Figure 19.
Its thickness and stratigraphic position are -exhibited in the
sections published in Chapter IV for Fayetteville — 1.5 Miles
and Herberton (Willis Branch), pages 183, 186, 188, and 195,
respectively; and in the log of Coal Test Boring No. 38 on
Map II, page 186. The following data were obtained by the
author at the old abandoned "Kidd" mine on this bed :
Lewis Kidd Coal Opening — No. 98 on Map II.
On bank of branch, Vi mile west of Herberton; Douglas Coal;
elevation, 1945' B.; for general stratigraphic position see Herberton
Section, page 196.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, buff, sandy, flaggy, visible 8 0
Slate, dark, Lingula fossils abundant 3 0
Slate, black, cannelly, Lingula fossils abundant 0 6
Coal, soft, columnar 2' 6"
The author also measured a section of the coal at the
above mine in 1907 and collected a sample for analysis, as
published by Dr. White on pages 326-7 of Volume 11(A) of
the Survey, as follows :
Feet, inches.
Coal, hard 2' 5"
Coal, slaty 0 4
Coal, soft 0 3 3 0
Coal And Coke.
This analysis is given under Mine, No. 98 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter. The coal at the above opening was erroneously correlated on page 326 of the volume last mentioned with the Lower War Eagle Coal, as will appear from the Herberton Section, page 195.
Quantity of Douglas Coal Available.
Based on all the data in hand, including that given on preceding pages, and a planimetric determination from Map II by A. M. Hagan of the area as limited on Figure 19, the following estimate is made by the author of the probable amount of Douglas Coal in Fayette County:
Probable Amount of Douglas Coal.
District.
Kanawha . . Fayetteville
1
a ■
51
00
0
Co
S
0 a
£
Oq
«3
9
0
U
Xi ac
s
0
<
o O
Os
o O
o
a
o
u
O
ja
Totals for County. . . . | I 15.291 9,785.61 839,836,800
Minable Coals Of The New River Group,
Pottsville Series.
As shown on Figure 4, page 387, only two of the thirteen coal beds recognized for the New River Group of the Pottsville Series in Fayette County appear to attain minable development; viz, the Sewell and Fire Creek. These two will now be described in the order given.
The Sewell Coal.
The Sewell Coal, described briefly in Chapter VII, pages 310-311, ranks first in economic importance and available tonnage among the 20 separate minable beds in Fayette. Its
West Virginia Geological Survey. 677
approximate minable area is shown on Figure 20, as also its western boundary line, west of which it has apparently thinned below minable dimensions. Its detailed outcrop is shown on Map II. .It has long been mined on a commercial scale in this County where it yields a coal of great excellence for coking, steam, and domestic fuel purposes. The following average analysis, compiled by R. C. Tucker from 128 different analyses of samples collected in the southern half of the State and published in previous Reports of the W. Va. Geological Survey, gives a fair idea of its chemical composition and calorific value :
Per cent.
Volatile Matter 20.46
Fixed Carbon 75.31
Ash 3.52
Total 100.00
Sulphur 0.80
Phosphorus 0.007
Calorimeter B. T. U 15,138
In addition to the 81 commercial mines that have been opened on the Sewell Coal within Fayette, the bed has been prospected extensively by natives for local domestic fuel and by the large land-holding companies. Its description at these mines, prospect openings and other exposures will now be given by magisterial districts as heretofore with other coals.
Falls District.
In Falls, the Sewell Coal in minable development as shown on Figure 20, is apparently confined to the eastern portion of the District. It lies below drainage everywhere except low down near the valley floor of Gauley River as shown in detail on Figure 20 and Map II. Here its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Horseshoe Creek, Peters Creek, Panther Mountain, and Carnifex Ferry, pages 137, 138, 142, and 143, respectively. Southward from Gauley River to the Mountain Cove District Line, even in the shaded area on Figure 20, information as to its thickness and regularity is lacking, owing to the absence of coal test borings. In this locality, as also
Coal And Coke.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 679
in the northeastern half of Nuttall District, the Sewell Coal appears to be more or less irregular in its bed section, but it is believed in Falls to average 30 inches in thickness, the dimension assumed in computing the table of estimates of available tonnage on a subsequent page.
The Sewell bed has never been mined commercially in Falls District but it has been prospected to some extent. Its description at these diggings and other exposures follows.
Matthews & Morton Farm Mine — No. 100 on Map II.
On south hillside of Gauley River, 0.1 mile above Horseshoe Greek; Sewell Coal; elevation, 905' B.; for general stratigraphic position see Horseshoe Creek Section, page 137 ; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
2. Coal, soft, columnar, clean 2 9 3 1
The analysis of a sample (912H) collected from No. 2 of section, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 100 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter. The result shows the coal carrying about 11 per cent, more volatile matter than the average of 128 samples g^ven above, a feature in harmony with the tendency of this bed to increase in percentage of volatile and lose in fixed carbon.
Flinn Lumber Co. Coal Opening — No. 454 on Map II.
On north Bank of Gauley River, In Nicholas County, 0.6 mile northwest of^Horseshoe Creek; Sewell Coal; elevation, 800' B.; section and sample by D. B. Roger.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, massive 15 0
Coal, soft, columnar. 2' 8" to 3 0
Concealed to Gauley River 35 0
Sandstone, visible 1 0
The analysis of a sample (308R) collected by Mr. Reger, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 454 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
68o COAL AND COKE.
Coal Prospect — No. 455 on Map II.
On south hillside of Gauley River, just below mouth of Horseshoe Greek; Sewell Coal; elevation, 870' B.; used in Chapter VII, with Ebcposure No. 259 on Map II in Little Raleigh Coal, page 316; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Coal, prospect closed, reported 3 0
Coal Opening — No. 456 on Map II.
On south hillside of Gauley River, 1 mile S. 15'' W. of mouth of Peters Creek; Sewell Coal; elevation, 925' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, clean and soft, reported by Mr. J. H. Hess, about 100 feet above the river 4 1
Squire Halstead Coal Opening — No. 457 on Map II.
On south hillside of Gauley River, in Flatrock Hollow, 0.65 mile S. S"* W. of mouth of Peters Creek; Sewell Coal; elevation 915' B.; section as measured by Mr. Halstead and published by Dr. White on pages 224-5 of Voluhie 11(A); region examined by author.
Feet Inches.
1. Sandstone, Nuttall, great clifT
2. Coal, Hughes Ferry, 10" to 1 8
3. Sandstone and shale with thin coals (2-3).... 125 0
8. Shales and soft sandstone 25 0
River 55 0
For the general stratigraphic position of the coal at the above opening see Mouth of Horseshoe Creek Section, page 137.
"Mr. Halstead sent a sample of the coal (taken from only 15 feet under cover) for analysis, which yielded the following results in the Survey laboratory, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Pattou;
Proximate Analysis. Ultimate Analysis.
Per cent. Per cent.
Moisture 0.84 Carbon 82.17
Volatile Matter 29.90 Hydrogen 4.89
Fixed Carbon 66.22 Oxygen 8.06
Ash 3.04 Nitrogen 1.24
Sulphur 0.60
Total 100.00 Ash 3.04
Sulphur 0.60
Phosphorus O.002 Total 100.00
Calorimeter B.T.U., 14,753 Calculated B.T.U., 14,382
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 68l
ttt
'These analyses show a coal of most excellent quality, and except for its higher 'volatile matter' is typical of the Sewell Coal along New River. It would yield a most excellent coke.'
tt
K. & M. R. R. Coal Prospect— No. 458 on Map II.
In Nicholas County, north bank of Gauley River, 2% miles northwest of Camifex Ferry; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1076' B.; used in Panther Mountain Section; section by D. B. Reger.
Feet Inches.
2. Coal, soft 3' 0"
3. Slate, black, bony 0 6 3 6
The analysis of a sample (31 3R) collected by Mr. Reger from No. 2 of section, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 458 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Coal Prospect — No. 101 on Map II.
On south bank of Gauley River, 0.5 mile northwest of Camifex Ferry; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1155' B.; for general stratigraphic position^ see Camifex Ferry Section.
Feet. Inches.
1. Sandstone, grayish-white, pebbly, making
clifT, visible. Lower Guyandot 20 0
3. Coal, medium-hard, columnar 1 10
5. Concealed, to Gauley River 10 0
The analysis of a sample (914H) collected by the author from No. 3 of section, as reported by Messrs. Hitfe and Krak, is given under Mine No. 101 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Kanawha District.
In Kanawha District, as shov/n on Map II, the Sewell Coal lies entirely below drainage, the only information concerning it here being that obtained from the logs of test wells Nos. 12 and 23 on Map II for oil and gas and diamond drill borings Nos. 10, 13, 13A, 14, and 15 on Map II, page references to which are given in the Index- No. 15 is pubUshed in connection with the Kingston Section, page 168. These
o82 COAL AND COKE.
well and boring records show the bed either absent or thinned below minable dimensions and constitute the authority for indicating Kanawha District barren of minable Sewell Coal on Figure 20.
Moantain Cave District.
In Mountain Cove District, as shown on Figure 20, the Sewell Coal in minable development, appears to cover almost the entire area. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the Ansted — Hawks Nest Section, and in the log of Coal Test Boring No. 16 on Map II, pages 172 and 402, respectively. On Mill Creek and along the New River gorge, it has long been mined commercially. Its description at these mines follows.
MUl Creek Colliery Co. Mine— No. 102 on Map II.
On east hillside of Mill Creek, 0.6 mile northeast of Hawks Nest; Sew«ll Coal; elevation, 960' B.; used in Ansted — Hawks Nest Section, pa^e 172; examined by author in August 1916.
Feet, Inches.
Coal, bony, roof 0" to 0 6
Coal, columnar, medium-hard r 0''
Coal, softer, columnar 1 10 * 2 10
Shale, gray, floor,
"Principal office, Ansted, W. Va.; operating since 1906; this is the only mine this Company owns; output, about 160 long tons daily; men employed, 55 inside and outside; shipped east and west, run-of-mine coal to Newport News for steam, and lump west for domestic coal; lump brings how about $1.90, and other, about $1.30 to $1.35 a short ton; R. H. Massey, Assistant Superintendent, and authority for above mine data says it will average close 3 feet at face now, and part time has sandstone roof."
The above mine was visited by G. S. Rice of the U. S. Geological Survey on July 12, 1909, who measured and sampled the bed at two points, as given on pages 924-5 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, as follows :
Section A (sample 8179) was cut from the face of room 6, 50 feet from left entry 1, 1,000 feet west of the mouth of the mine. The sample was wet and the coal face was dripping moisture.
Section B (sample 8178) was cut from the face in cross-cut at head of the main entry, 1,400 feet southeast of the mouth of the mine (sample damp.)
West Virginia Geological Survey. 683
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 81 7S and 8179 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8288. This analysis was also published by Dr. I. C. White under No. 44 in Table No. 8 on page 245 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey. The abovementioned analyses as well as other calculations of the same are published on page 231 of Bulletin 22 of U. S. Bureau of Mines, and are g^ven under Mine No. 102 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
'*Notes. — The coal at this mine was undercut with alr-punchlng machines and shot down with a permissible exploslye. The tipple had ' round-bar screens with 3^-lnch spaces. The coal was picked as It was loaded on the railroad cars. The capacity of the mine was 200 tons, the actual average output being 150 tons per day, the greater part of which was sold as run-of-mine coal. The mine was a new one and had a large acreage ahead."
The coal bed was also measured and sampled at four points in this mine by H. I. Smith and G. H. Deike, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 12, 1912, as given on pages 348-9 of Bulletin 85 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, as follows :
Section A (sample 14,358) was measured at the face of left entry at room 49; thickness pf hed and of coal sampled, 3' 8%".
Section B (sample 14,359) was measured at the face of left entry 2 at the neck of room 29; thickness of hed and of coal sampled, 3' 0".
Section C (sample 14,350) was measured at the face of the third left air-course; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 2' bW-
Section D (sample 14,351) was measured at the face of right entry 5 ; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 2' ^",
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 14,358, 14,359, 14,350, and 14,361 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which* are shown under laboratory No. 14,352.
The above-mentioned analyses as well as other calculations of the same are published on page 112 of Bulletin 85 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, and are given under Mine No. 102 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Average thickness, 3 feet. The bed Is practically horizontal. Roof, heavy shale and bony coal 6 to 18 Inches thick, above which Is a sandstone cap rock. Floor, hard smooth bony coal. Material from the roof and floor did not become mixed with the coal when mining. Cover, at the points where the samples were taken, approximately 600 feet."
"Notes. — The Mill Creek mine was opened by drift entries and the coal mined by the room-and-pillar system. At the time of sampling the coal was undercut by compressed-air punchers and broken down with a permissible explosive, which was also used for brushing the
roof. None of the coal was shipped as run-of-mine. The screening plant consisted of bar screens 4^ by 12 feet with 3-inch spaces, through which about 50 per cent, of the coal passed. The coal was clean and the lumps were large and presented a good appearance when loaded on the cars. There are two loading tracks with a capacity for 12 empty and 12 loaded cars. About two-thirds of the coal was obtained from advance work and the remainder from pillars. The daily output was 250 tons with a maximum day's run of 400 tons."
on Map II.
On northeast hillside of New River, 1.1 miles southeast of Hawks .Nest; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1075' L.; examined by author.
Feet Inches. Coal 2 10
The above mine was formerly owned by Cook & Sons and was known as the "Cook" Mine when measured and sampled by Messrs. A. P. Brady and R. W. Edmonds in 1902, the analysis of the sample, as reported by Prof. Hite, being published by Dr. White under No. 1 in the table of coal analyses on pages 658-659 of Volume II, and republished by him under the same number on pages 211-12 of Volume 11(A) and page 247 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. The mine was abandoned in 1911.
Ihis analysis is given under Mine No. 103 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Sunbcury Coal & Coke Co. (Abandoned) "Sunnysidc" Mine —
No. 104 on Map II.
On northeast hillside of New River, at Sunnyside; Sewell Coal; t»levation, 1135' B.; abandoned in 1910; correlation verified by author.
Section "A." Feet. Inches.
Sandstone or shale roof
Coal, soft 0' 10%"
Coal, bony 0 1
Coal (sometimes mother -coal streaks) 1 11% ... 2 11
Floor, hard smooth underclay
Section "B." Coal, (sometimes mother-coal streaks) 2 8V&
Wfst Virginia Geological Survey. 685
Feet. Inched. Section "C."
Coal, dense, hard 0 0%
Coal, grayish, coarse, granular 0 5%
Dense bone 0 0%
Coal, clean 0 1%.. 2 8%
The above sections wore measured and samples taken across the entire bed-section by David White, C. A. Fisher, and A. J. Hazlewood, of the U. .S. Geological Survey, on July 3, 1909, as given on pages 917-918 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8068) was cut from the face of main air-course.
Section B (sample 8069) was cut from last room on Abraham entry, off fourth right parting.
Section C (sample 8244) was cut from a point 4,000 feet north and 60° east of drift mouth.
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8068, 8069, and 8244 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8287. The last-mentioned analysis was published by Dr. I. C. White under No. 19 on page 244 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey in 1911.
The results of the analyses of all the above samples were published on page 227 of Bulletin 22 of the Bureau of Mines and are given under Mine No. 104 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
Elmo Mining Co. "Elmo Mine"— No. 105 on Map II.
On northeast hillside of New River, at Eilmo; Sawell Coal; elevation, 1175' B.; section by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 3 0
The analysis of a sample of coal collected from this mine in 1902 by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 2 on pages 658-9 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 247 of Bulletin 2 of tlie Survey, is given under Mine No. 105 in Table 1 at the
fl86 COAL AND COKE.
end of this Chapter. This mine was formerly owned by the New River Mining Company.
Boone Coal & Coke Co. "Michigan Mine"— No. 106 on Map 11.
On northeast hillside of New River^ at Michigan; 8eweil Coal; elevation, 1215' B.; section by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Coal 3 6
The analysis of a sample of coal collected from this mine in 1902 by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as repqrted by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 3 on pages 658-9 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 247 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 106 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter. This mine was formerly owned by the Michigan Coal Company.
Ajax Coal Co. "Ajax Mine"— No. 107 on Map II.
On northeast hillside of New River, 0.7 mile northwest of Fayette Station ;Se we 11 Coal; elevation, 1260' B.; section by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds and correlation verified by author.
Feet Inches.
Coal 3 2
The analysis of a sample of coal collected from this mine in 1902 by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 4 on pages 658-9 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 247 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 107 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter. This mine was formerly owned by the Newlyn Coal Company.
The bed was measured and sampled at two points on July 13, 1909, by H. M. Wolflin, and at two points on August S, 1909, by A. J. Hazlewood, as given on pages 918-919 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8216) was cut from the face of entry 8, ADoai 2,450 feet, approximately southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 2' 1%". '
West Virginia Geological Survey. 687
Section B (sample 8217) was cut from cross-cut, near face of entry 1, about 2,500 feet northeast of drift mouth; thickness or bed and of coal sampled, 2' 0".
Section C (sample 8704) was cut from face of face entry 2, about 2,450 feet southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 2' 1%".
Section D (sample 8706) was cut from face of room 8, off left entry 3, about 1,500 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 2' 8%".
A comFMsite sample was made by mixing samples 8217, 8704, and 8705 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 9147.
These 5 analyses taken from page 227 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines are given under Mine No. 107 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — ^The coal was undercut by hand in the bed and was shot down with black powder. The tipple was not equipped with screens. so the entire output was shipped as run-of-mine coal. The estimated output in 1909 was about 275 tons daily, and 360 tons was a maximum day's run. The tonnage for some time to come was to be derived principally from advance work.
"The thickness ranges as mined from about 2 feet to 2% feet; roof, hard blue shale, usually underlain with a few inches of bone, between which and the shale there is in places a few inches of draw slate; floor, hard shaly underclay, between which and the coal there is in places a few inches of bone; cover, for the most part, 100 feet or
more."
Fayette Coal & Coke Co. "Fayette Mine"— No. 108 on Map II.
On northeast hillside of New River, % mile due east of Fayette Station; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1325' B.; examined by author.
Nuttall District.
In Nuttall District, the thickness and stratigraphic position of the Sewell Coal are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Miller, Divide, Winona, and Nuttallburg, pages 175, 178, 178, and 179, respectively; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 23 and 25 on Map II, pages 403 and 403, respectively. As shown on Map'II, it lies below drainage over the greater' portion of the District, its outcrop being confined to the valley walls of New River, Keeney and Manns Creeks and those of Meadow River above Miller and Brackens
Creek above Russellville. In that portion drained by the waters of Meadow River, the information concerning its thickness and character is very meager, owing to the fact that the Survey was unable to obtain the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 18-22 and 24-5 on Map II, all of which are listed in the table published on page 388A. In this region the bed IS. some what irregular at its crop exposures along the stream last mentioned, but is believed that over the District as a whole it will average 3 feet in thickness, the dimension assumed in computing the table of estimates of available tonnage on a subsequent page of this Chapter, judging from the data obtained at the many commercial mines on it in the south west half. Its description at the latter, prospect openings, and other exposures follows.
Nuttallburg Smokeless Fuel Co. "Nuttallburg Mine"— No. 109
on Map II.
On northeast hillside of New River, at Nuttallburg; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1560' L.; for general stratigraphic position, see Nuttallburg Section, page 179; section at entrance by author.
Feet. Inches.
1. Sandstone platy, shaly top 25 0
2. Bony canriel 0' 6"
3. Slate, black, cannelly 1 11
*'Mr. M. M. Tyree, Superintendent, says the cannel portion disappears and that No. 5 of section runs from 3' 6" to 4' 6'' and will average 4 feet; that the bed seems to increase in thickness to the northeast This mine is about 40 years old and was the first to be opened in the Sewell Coal. It was formerly owned by the Nuttall-burg Coal & Coke Company. Have 2000 acres of coal left and haul 2 miles from the northeast. On page 658 of Volume II the coal was reported to have a thickness of 3' 9'' by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds."
The analysis of a sample of coal collected from this mine in 1902 by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 5 on pages 658-9 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 247 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 109 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 689
Aileen Coal Co, "Keeneys Creek Mine"— No. 110 on Map II.
On east hillside of New River, % mile nortlieast of mouth of Keeneys Creek; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1670' L.; section by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds.
Feet Inches.
Coal 3 2
Section by author — main entry:
Shale, sandy, buff •20 0
Slate, black 0 6
Coal, soft 3 6
Slate
This mine has been in operation about 30 years and was formerly owned by the Nuttallburg Coal and Coke Company, the Keeneys Creek Colliery Company, and the Holiday Coal & Coke Company.
The analysis of a sample of coal collected from this mine in 1902 by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 8 on pages 658-9 cf Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 110 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was measured and sampled at two points by A. C. Ramsay, of the IJ. S. Geological Survey, July 9, 1909, as given on page 917 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8140) was cut from entry 3, oft Virginia entry 1,700 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed, 3' ^W, thickness of coal sampled, 3' 2%".
Section B (sample 8141) was cut from straight heading, 2,600 feet from drift mouth.
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8140 and 8141 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8190. This analysis, as also an air-dried calculation of same, was published by Dr. White under No. 3^ on page 245 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey.
The analyses of samples Nos. 8140, 8141, and 8190, as slso the air-dried sample of the latter, as taken from page 227 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 110 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
**Notes. — The coal in this mine was undercut by hand in the bottom of the bed. Explosives used for shooting down the coal were of the permissible type and also black blasting powder. The coal was shipped in run-of-mine form because the plant was not equipped with screens. The daily output in 1909 averaged 125 tons and 225 tons was a maximum day's run. The future output was to be increased to 250 tons. The mine had 200 acres of unmined coal. The thickness averages 3^ feet. The roof is a hard gray shale, between which and the coal is a 2-inch layer of draw slate. The floor is a soft underclay with a smooth surface. No pieces of roof or floor got mixed with coal in loading. There is a cap rock of sandstone 20 feet above the coal."
Sewell Colliery Co. "Caperton Mine"— No. Ill on Map II.
On east hillside of New River, at Caperton; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1705' B.; section by W. Va. Department of Mines; correlation verified by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 4 0
This mine was formerly owned by the Chapman Coal, Coke and Iron Company.
The bed was measured and sampled at five points in the mine by G. H. Deike on July 11, 1912, as g^ven on pages 345-6 of Bulletin 85 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 14344) was measured at the face of a room turned off at the face of the drainage entry (Sugar Camp No. 3 workings) ; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 0".
Section B (sample 14345) was measured at the face of the last break-through in the third right air-course (Sugar Camp No. 1 workings); thickness of bed 2' 9"; thickness of coal sampled, 2' 5".
Section C (sample 14346) was measured at the face of the thirteenth right entry, 5,000 feet northeast of mine mouth. (Old HIU workings). Thickness of bed, 4' 2W\ thickness of coal sampled, 4' 0".
Section D (sample 14348) was measured on pillar at the last room off cross entry 11. (Old Hill workings). Thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' SW-
Section E (sample 14349) was measured on the pillar of right entry 2. (Sugar Camp No. 2 workings). Thickness of bed, 4' 1"; thickness of coal sampled, 3' 11".
Two composite samples were made: (1) by mixing samples 14344, 14345, and 14346 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are given under laboratory No. 14347; (2) by mixing samples 14348 and 14349 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are given under laboratory No. 14350.
These 7 analyses, as published on page 111 of Bulletin 85 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. Ill in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 69I
'•Notes. — The Sewell mine is opened by a number of drift entries, and the coal is mined by the room-and-pillar system. At the time of sampling the coal was undercut both by hand and by electric chain machines and broken down with FFF black powder and permissible explosives. All of the coal was shipped as run-of-mine. There was a screening plant with 12-foot bar screens spaced 1% Inches apart. The coal was clean and needed no picking when loading. There were 2 loading tracks with capacity for 14 empty and 20 loaded cars. About 50 per cent of the coal was obtained from advance workings. There was approximately 300 acres of .unmlned coal tributary to the various entries. The output of the mine was 300 tons a day, with a maximum day's run of 560 tons. Average thickness, 3 feet 8 Inches; dip, 1% per cent, northeast The cleat is well marked, and there are no rolls or faults in this mine. The roof consists of a smooth draw slate 3 to 9 inches thick, above which is a sandstone cap. Floor, hard, smooth shale. Pieces of the roof occasionally mixed with the coal when loading but none of the floor material was taken up with the coal. Cover at points of sampling, 250 to 400 feet"
The analysis of a sample of coke collected at this mine by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as published under No. 1 (Victoria Coal & Coke Co.) on pages 663-4 of Volume II by Dr. White and republished by him under the same number on page 214 of Volume 11(A) and page 249 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. Ill in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
Sewell Colliery Co. "Extension Mine"— No. 112 on Map II.
On west hillside of branch of Manns Creek, 1.1 miles S. W E. of Caperton; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1855' B.; for general stratigraphic position see Manns Creek Section; section measured 100 feet in from drift mouth by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, roof
Coal, soft, columnar 0' 11"
Coal, gray, medium-hard. 0 4
Sewell Colliery Co. "Extension Mine"— No. 113 on Map II.
On west hillside of branch of Manns Creek, 0.4 mile northeast of Mine No. 112; SeweM Coal; elevation, 1920' B.; section measured at mine entry by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, soft, columnar, (shale roof and slate floor) 4 0
Coal Exposure— No. 459 on Map II.
On southeast hillside of Manns Creek, 0.35 mile south of Flannigan School; Seweli Coal; elevation, 2215' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, in trail, 3' 0" to 4 0
Coal Opening — No. 460 on Map II.
On north hillside of Keeney Creek, % mile west of Boone; Seweli Coal; elevation, 1670' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Incnes.
Shale, buff, visible, 4 0
on Map II.
On southeast hillside of Keeney Creek, 1 mile southwest of Winona, in Seweli Coal, at an elevation of 1955' B., was mined out and abandoned 7 years ago.
Keeneys Creek Colliery Co. "Lower Boone'' Mine— No. 115
on Map II.
On east hillside of Contrary Creek, 0.8 mile due west of Winona; Seweli Coal; elevation, 1790' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
2. Bony cannel slate, 42" to 0 0
3. Coal, soft, columnar 1' 0"
"This is the normal section and was measured on the rib of the main motor haulway about 300 feet in. No. 8 is left down, generally a bone top and when it runs out there is about 2" of draw slate. Mine has been in operation since 1892. Principal office, Winona, W. Va.; butts, S. 75° E.; faces, S. 16° W.; authority for mine data, Samuel Goosetrey, track layer. Output, 60,000 tons annually, or 275 tons dally; all shipped for steam purposes, 75 per cent, east and 25 per cent, west; men employed, 70 inside and 10 outside; authority, J. Wade Bell, Superintendent."
This mine was formerly owned by the Boone Coal & Coke Co- It was measured and sampled in 1902 by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, the thickness being reported 3' 7" and analysis
West Virginia Geological Survey. O93
of same as made by Prof. Hite was published by Dr. White on pages 658-9 of Volume II under No. 7. This analysis was republished by him under the same number of pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. It is given under Mine No. 115 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was also measured and sampled at three points by A. C. Ramsay, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 8, 1909, as published on pages 909-910 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8137) was cut from the face of right entry 4, 2,000 feet from drift mouth. Thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 9%".
Section B (sample 8138) was cut from the face of the old main entry, 1,800 feet from drift mouth. Thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 2".
Section C (sample 8139) was cut from right entry 4, 2,000 feet from drift mouth.
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8137, 8138, and 8139 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8193.
These 4 analyses, as taken from page 223 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 115 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal from this mine was undercut in the bottom part of bed with chain machines and was shot down with black powder. The tipple was not equipped with screens, so that the entire output was shipped in run-of-mine form. There was one loading track. The coal was picked on the car. The daily output averaged 400 tons, and 500 tons was the maximum day's run. The future output was to be derived from both advance work and pillars. Thickness, fairly uniform, ranging as mined from 3 feet 2 inches to 4 feet 10 inches; there is a 'fault' on one side of the mine; roof, strong blue shale which does not fall with the coal; floor, fairly hard underclay with smooth surface and underlain with hard shale; cover, for the most part, 200 to 250 feet."
Rothwell Coal Co. "Quarrier" Mine (Abandoned)— No. 115 A
on Map II.
On west hillside of Keeney Creek, 0.4 mile northeast of Winona; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2135' B.; section by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds; correlation verified by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 3 7
This mine was opened in 1897 and abandoned June 7, 1902. Messrs. Brady and Edmonds sampled the coal from it for analysis by Prof. Hite, the results being published by Dr. White under No. 14 on pages 658-9 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. This analysis is given under Mine No. 115 A in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Rothwell Coal Co. "Roscdale Mine"— No. 116 on Map II.
On west hillside of Keeney Creek, 0.6 mile north of Winona; Sewall Coal; elevation, 210(KB.; section 150 to 200 feet in from drift mouth by author.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone
Shale, sandy 1 6
"Started operation in March, 1913; men employed, 5 Inside and 1 outside; just developing; 660 acres in lease; all its output shipped for steam purposes; Herbert Rothwell, Superintendent, and authority for data; according to Mr. Rothwell, the coal varies from 2* 10" to 5' 0'."
Blume Coal & Coke Co. "Blume Mine''— No. 117 on Map 11.
On north hillside of Keeney Creek, 1.2 miles N. 30" E. of Winona; Sawall Coal; elevation, 2190' B.; section by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds; correlation verified by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 3 7
The analysis of a sample of coal collected by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds from this mine, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 20 on pages 658-9 of Volume II and repubHshed by him under the same number on pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2, is given under Mine No. 117 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The coal bed was also measured and sampled at three points by R. Y. Williams, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 7, 1909, and at one point by A. J. Hazlewood, of the same Survey, on July 26, 1909, as given on page 929 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 695
Section A (sample 8149) was cut from the face of right entry 10, 4,000 feet from drift mouth; thickness of hed and of coal sampled, 3' 3%".
Section B (sample 8150) was cut from the face of main straight entry, 4,500 feet from entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled 2' 10%".
Section C (sample 8156) was cut from the face of right entry 1, off left entry 4, 1,500 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 1".
Section D (sample 8509) was cut from the face of right entry 1, off left entry 4, 1,500 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 1%".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8149 and 8150 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8194.
These 5 analyses, as taken from page 233 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 117 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal was undercut by chain machines in the bottom part of bed, and was shot down with permissible explosives and black powder. There were no screens; therefore the entire output was shipped as run-of-mine coal. This is a coking coal, but there were no ovens at this plant. The coal was picked on car. The daily output in July, 1909, averaged 500 tons, and 650 tons was a maximum day's run. The future output for some time to come was to be derived almost entirely from advance work. Thickness, fairly uniform, ranging as mined from 3 to 4 feet; roof, strong, gray, fine-grained shale, 18 feet thick, with a cap rock above; floor, hard clay."
Lookout Coal & Coke Co. ''Lookout Mine''— No. 1 18
on Map II.
On northeast bank of Keeney Creek, 0.35 mile south of Divide; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2210' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone roof
Coal, soft, columnar, 3' 2" to 3' 6"
■
"Do not have much draw slate, only a few patches; mostly sandstone roof. J. E. Tincher, Foreman, says it will average 3' 3" clean coal. Coal mostly shipped east for steam; men employed 46 inside, and 6 outside."
The bed was also measured and sampled at two points by A. C. Ramsay, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 6, 1909, as given on page 930 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8135) was collected from the face of left entry
1, 600 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 2' 10".
Section B (sample 8136) was collected from the face of left entry
2, off the straight entry, 1,300 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 2' 8%".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8135 and 8136 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8189. The latter analysis was published by Dr. White under No. 38 on page 245 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey in 1911 along with an air-dried calculation of the same.
These analyses, as taken from page 233 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines and the air-dried from Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey, are given under Mine No. 1 18 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — ^The coal was undercut in bottom part of bed with a chain machine, and was shot down with a permissible explosive and black powder. The tipple was not equipped with screens, so that the entire output was shipped as run-of-mine coal. The coal was picked on car. This is a coking coal, but there were no ovens at this plant The average daily output was estimated as 130 tons, and 175 tons was the maximum day's run. The future output for some years to come was to be derived from advance work only. Thickness, fairly uniform, ranging as mined from 3 to 4 feet; roof strong, coarse-grained, gray shale, with a cap rock 5 to 18 feet above; the roof seldom falls with the coal; floor, hard clay with smooth surface, underlain with slate; cover for the most part, 100 to 200 feet thick."
Rothwell Coal Co. "Dubree Mine"— No. 119 on Map II.
On head of branch of Keeney Creek, 0.9 mile N. 60** E. of Winona; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2245' B.; section taken 300^ in by author.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone
Coal, 0" to 0' 3"
Sandstone, 0" to. 0 5
Coal, soft 3 8
Coal, and slate mixed, 9" to 1 3 5 7
The coal was also reported 3' 9" thick by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds when they sampled the same for analysis in 1902, as published by Dr. White on page 658 of Volume XL The analysis of this sample as reported by Prof. Hite, and published by Dr. White under No. IS on pages 658-9 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2, is
West Virginia Geological Survey. 697
given under Mine No. 119 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter. The bed was also measured and sampled at two points by R. Y. Williams, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 6, 1909, as given on page 959 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8147) was cut from the face of room 7 on right entry 7; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 2%".
Section B (sample 8148) was cut from the face of left entry 7; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 4%".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8147 and 8148 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8191.
These 3 analyses, as taken from page 245 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S- Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 119 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal at this mine was undercut with chain machines in bottom part of bed, and was shot down with black powder. The tipple was not equipped with screens, and therefore the entire output was shipped as run-of-mine coal. This is a coking coal, but there were no ovens at this plant. The ccfhl was picked on car by one trimmer. The estimated daily output was about 300 tons, which was about a maximum day's run. The output for some time was to be derived almost entirely from advance work. At this mine the bed ranges in thickness as mined from 3 feet to 3 feet 6 inches and dips gently northeast; roof^ hard, brittle sandstone which does not fall with the coal; floor, hard* clay with smooth surface."
Keeneys Creek Colliery Co. "Smokeless Mine" — No. 120
on Map II.
On southeast hillside of Keeney Creek, 0.4 mile east of Winona; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2265' B.; section by Messrs. Brady and E3d- moiids; data by author.
Feet Inches.
Coal 3 9
"This mine was formerly owned by the Smokeless Ooal and Coke Company; operated 24 years; principal office, Winona, W. Va.; output of Smokeless Mine, 70,000 tons for 1915, or about 350 tons daily, 9 hours; lease coal of Nuttall Heirs; ship now (September, 1916) about 75 per cent, west for domestic fuel ; runs 60 per cent, lump and egg on account of sandstone roof, under which it is harder; other 25 per cent, is shipped east for domestic purposes. Practically all shipped for domestic purposes on account of being practically the hardest coal in field. Men employed, 90 inside, 20 outside; authority for mine data, J. Wade Bell, Superintendent."
The analysis of a sample collected at this mine in 1902 by
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 17 on pages 658-9 of Volume II and repubHshed by him under the same number on pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 120 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The coal bed was also measured and sampled at two places in this mine by K. M. Way, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on October 12, 1907, and at three points by A- C. Ramsay, of the same Survey, on July 6, 1909, as given on pages 958-9 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 5467) was measured in left entry 1 for motor hauls, 1,800 feet southeast of the mine opening; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 10%".
Section B (sample 5468) was measured in right heading 1, off the main entry, 2,500 feet south of the mine opening; thickness of bed, 3' 9%"; thickness of coal sampled, 3' 8^".
Section A (sample 8132) was cut from the face of the Adams entry, 2,200 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled 3' 8".
Section B (sample 8133) was cuf from the face of left entry 3, 2,000 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 4%".
Section C (sample 8134) was cut from a pillar between left cross entries 14 and 15 off old Hill main entry, 1,500 feet from drift mouth.
A composite sample was made by mixing face and pillar samples 8132, 8133, and S134 for an ultimate analysis, the
■
results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8186. This latter analysis along with an air-dried calculation of the same was published by Dr. White under No. 27 on page 245 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey.
These analyses, as taken from page 245 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 120 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter. The analyses of samples 5467, 5468, 5709, and 5711 had been previously published by the U. S. Geological Survey on pages 16-17 of Bulletin 362.
"Notes. — The coal at this mine was undercut with chain machines in bottom part of bed, and was shot down with a short-flame explosive or black powder. The tipple had no screens, and therefore the entire output was shipped as run-of-mine coal. This is a coking coal, but there were no ovens at this plant. The daily output at time of sampling averaged about 450 tons, and 650 tons was a maximum day's run. The future output was to be derived from both advance work and pillars. The bed at this mine lies nearly flat, and has an average thick-
West Virginia Geological Survey.
ness of 3 feet 10 inches. The roof is shale or strong blue shale which does not fall with coal; floor, shale or hard clay with smooth surface The coal is clean, with no streaks of shale or "sulphur." There are fairly regular benches separated by thin streaks of mother coal. Cover, for the most part, 160 to 300 feet thick."
Samples Nos. 5709 and 5711 were car samples shipped to the U. S. Fuel-Testing Plant at Norfolk, Virginia. The cars were loaded under the supervision of Inspector K. M. Way, and the coal was used in making steaming and briquetting tests. Twenty-four days elapsed before the shipment of the coal and its use at the testing plant, during which period the coal was exposed to the weather.
The following results of briquetting tests of the two cars
shipped to Norfolk (Jamestown No. 9) are taken from pages
25-26 of Bulletin 385 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
"This coal was briquetted with three different kinds of binders. The briquets from test No. 274 made with water-gas pitch (L*ab. No. 5939) were the strongest of the three. All three tests made excellent briquets, which gave good metallic rings when knocked together, had smooth, hard surfaces, were broken with difficulty, and had firm and glossy fractured surfaces.
Briquet Tests.
Test No.
B. T. U.| B. T. U.l B. T. U.| per cent.
per cent, per cent.
Size of coal, as used:
Over 1-4 inch per cent.
Through 1-40 inch per cent.
Details of manufacture:
Machine used
Briquetting temperature * K.
Binder :
Kind
Amount per cent.
Weight of:
Fuel briquetted pounds'
Briquets, average pounds
Heat value per pound:
Coal as received
Moisture in briquet mixture
Held
Passed
HeW
Passed
Fines through 10-mesli sieve. Weathering test:
Time exposed days
Condition |
Water absorption: I
Average for first four days, .per cent. Specific gravity (apparent) |
Am. 195
Am. 193
A I
I
21
Am. 398
W. G. P. ! W. G. P. I W. G. P.
13
Coal And Coke.
Chemical Analyses of Briquets, Test 272, Lab. No. 5745.
Proximate.
Moisture 2.64
Volatile Matter 25.29
Fixed Carbon 67.61
Ash 4.46
Sulphur 0.65
Ultimate.
Hydrogen 5.16
Carbon 82.34
Nitrogen 1.11
Oxygen 6.28
Extraction Analyses.
I
Laboratory No .'. .| 5941
Air-drying loss p.c.| 0
Extracted by CSj!
Air dried p.c. 98.44
As received p.c.| 98.44
Pitch in briquet as received p.c.l
Pitches.
"5939 0
1 Fuel. J-9.
Briquets Test 272.
I
Keeneys Creek Colliery Co. "Smokeless Mine" — No. 121 on Map II, on head of branch of Keeney Creek, 1.3 miles S. 85° E. of Winona, at an elevation of 2305' B., is in Sewell Coal and is present main entry of "Smokeless Mine". It was formerly owned by the Smokeless Coal and Coke Company. See description of Mine No. 120.
Ballinger Coal Co. No. 1 Mine — No. 122 on Map II.
On east hillside of branch of Keeney Creek, 0.9 mile S. 50" E. of Winona; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2370' B.; section at entry by author.
B^et Inches. Coal, soft, columnar, (slate roof) ... 1' 0"
Coal, gray, medium-hard 0 4
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds reported a thickness of 3' 9" at this mine as published by Dr. White on page 658 of Volume II. The analysis of a sample collected by them as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Pr. White under No. 16 on pages 658-9 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2, is given under Mine No. 122 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was also measured and sampled at three points by R. Y. Williams, pf the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 8, 1909, and at one point by A. J. Hazlewood, of the same Sur-
West Virginia Geological Survey. 7Oi
vey, on July 26, 1909, as given on page 908 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8146) was cut from the face of entry 6» Klondike side; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 0%"'.
Section B (sample 8154) was cut from the face of drift 2, £gypt side, 600 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled* 3' 2%".
Section C (sample 81 S5) was cut from the face of left entry 6, in Egypt No. 1; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 2%".
Section D (sample 8608) was cut from the face of left entry 6. 2,000 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled 3' 8%".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8154 and 8146 for an ultin^ate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8195.
These 5 analyses, as taken from page 223 of Bulletin 22 above mentioned, are given under Mine No. 122 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal at these mines was cut by hand in the upper part of the bed then shot down. There were no coke ovens at this plant, the coal being shipped as run-of-mine. The daily output in July, 1909, averaged 450 tons, and 500 tons was the maximum day's run. The future output was to be derived from l)oth advance work and pillars. Thickness, fairly uniform, ranging from 3' 2" to 4' 0"; roof, rather soft light-gray slate, which does not fall with the coal; floor, soft underclay with smooth surface."
Ballinger Coal Co. Drift Mine — No. 123 on Map II.
On head of branch of Keeney Creek, 1.4 miles S. 20° E. of Winona; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2445' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, gray, roof
Ballinger Coal Co. "Flanagan Mine"— No. 124 on Map II.
On head of branch of Manns Creek, 1.6 miles S. 5"" E. of Winona; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2400' B.; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Coal, gray, medium-hard 0 3
Mr. N. E. Hoke, Foreman, says the bed averages 3' 8 and in some places is 5 feet thick.
Coal Opening — No. 461 on Map II, on head of Road Fork uf Brackens Creek, 1.8 miles S. SO** E. of Winona, at an elevation of 2375' B., is in the Sewell Coal as determined by author, but the thickness was not obtained.
Keeneys Creek Colliery Co. Mine — No. 462 on Map II.
On north side of Road Fork of Brackens Creek, 2.1 miles S. 65° E. of Winona; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2256' B.; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
2. Slate, black, cannelly 4 6
3. Coal, slightly bony C 6"
"No. 3 of section is not loaded. Butts, N. 50° W. Faces, S. 40*» W."
Another section by the author farther in shows 4' 4" o£ clean, soft coal, with slate roof.
Brackens Creek Coal & Land Co. Coal Prospect — No. 463 on
Map II.
On west hillside of Brackens Creek, 2^ miles southwest of Russellville; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2005' B.; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Shale, buff, sandy, visible 5 0
Coal, medium-soft, 1' 6" to 1' 8"
Shale, sandy, hard, dark, 6" to 0 8
Map II.
On west hillside of Brackens Creek, 1.0 miles southwest of Russellville; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2030' B.; examined and sampled by author.
Feet Inches.
3. Coal, medium-soft 1' 6 "
6. Coal, bony, hard 0 3 ... 3 4
7. Slate, black, visible, at entry 1 0
8. Concealed to bed of branch 10 0
West Virginia Geological Survey. 703
The analysis of a sample (918H) collected from Nos. 3 and 4 of section, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 125 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Coal Prospect — No. 464 on Map II.
On a north branch of Brackens Creek, 1 mUe southwest of Russellvllle; Sawell'Coal; elevation, 2025' B.; examined by author.
Feet Inches. Coal, opening closed, reported by A. M. Moore. . . 1 6
Coal Opening — No. 465 <m Map II.
On west hillside of Meadow River, 0.2 mile northwest of Russellville; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2045' B.; for stratlgraphic position see Russellville Section.
Feet Inches.
Shale, flaggy sandy, gray, visible 5 0
Coal, soft...* 1 1
Fire clay shale 1 3
Geo. W. Boley Coal Opening — No. 466 on Map II, at road fork, 0.6 mile N. 25° W. of Russellville, in the Sewell Coal, at an elevation of 198(y B., was closed and thickness not learned.
Coal Prospect — No. 467 on Map II.
On west hillside of Meadow River, at Nallen; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1930' B. ; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Shale, buff, sandy, visible 5 0
Coal, soft 2' 0"
Coal, slaty 0 5 2 5
Fire clay shale 2 6
Shale, sandy 2 0
Wilderness Lumber Co. Coal Opening — No. 126 on Map II.
On west hillside of Meadow River, 0.1 mile northeast of Mine No. 467; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1925' B.; section and sample at face by author.
Feet. Inches.
The analysis of a sample (91 5H) collected from No. 2 of section, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given imder Mine No. 126 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Coal Exposure — No. 468 on Map JI.
In Nicholas County, at road fork, east bank of Meadow River, 0.3 mile northeast of Miller; Seweil Coal; elevation, 1900' B.; used in Miller Section, page 175.
Feet. Inches.
Coal blossom* 2 0
Brackens Creek Coal & Land Co. Coal Prospect — No. 469 on
Map II.
On west hillside of Brackens Creek, 1.9 miles southwest of Russellvllle; Seweil Coal; elevation, 1985' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, visible 10 0
Shale, buff, sandy 11 0
Coal, medium-soft 1' 8"
Shale, sandy, hard, 6" to 0 7
Coal, medium-soft, concealed by
water but reported by A. M.
Moore 1 8 3 11
Slate
Fayetteville District.
In Fayetteville District, the thickness and stratigraphic position of the Seweil Coal are exhibited in the sections pi?b- lished in Chapter IV for South Fayette, Fa)'etteville— 1.5 Miles Northwest, Parral, Carlisle, and Herberton, page references to which arc given in the Index; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 27-79A on Map II, details of which are published on preceding pages 388A-388B. In the western half of the District, this bed lies below drainage, but the logs of the borings last mentioned give valuable information concernin it in this region and constitute the authority for its minabl area as shown on Figure 20. This coal has long been operate-on a commercial scale in the area in question, 50 mines havin-been opened on it by the end of the year 1916. It has al? been prospected considerably by natives and the larger Ian*'-
IS l§
as ?s
sl
H
!l
i!
West Virginia Geological Survey. 705
holding companies. Its description at these commercial mines, prospect openings and other exposures follows.
On south hillside of New River; opposite mouth of Mill Greek, at Hawks Nest; Sewell Coal; elevation, 875' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, old abandoned opening at MacDougal, reported 2 6
New River Valley Coal Co. Mine— No. 127 on Map II.
On south hillside of New River, 0.9 mile southeast of Hawks Nest; Sewali Coal; elevation, 1040' B.; section and data as collected by the author in 1907 and published by Dr. White on page 200 of Volume n(A).
•
Feet. Inches.
1. Sandstone, massive and concealed 300 0
3. Coal, cannel, hard O' 4^^
''Greatest rise, S. 30° E.; Butts, N. 70' B.; Faces, S. 20» B.; mine capacity, 300 tons; men employed, 75; No. 3 is shipped along with No. 4, mostly east, for domestic purposes. Two samples were obtained, one of Nos. 3 and 4 combined, and one of No. 3 separate, the analysis of the former being published by Dr. White under No. 1, In Table No. 2 on page 214, of Volume 11(A). Principal office of Company, Fayette, W. Va.; authority for mine data, V. Bachman, Mine foreman."
The analysis mentioned above, as reported by Prof. Hite and republished by Dr. White on page 241 of Bulletin 2, is given under Mine No. 127 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Marrs Branch Coal Co. "Cataract Mine" (Abandoned) — No.
On west hillside of New River at Whitney, 2 miles northwest of Fayette; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1165' L.; section as obtained by author in 1907 and published by Dr. White on page 200 of Volume 11(A).
Feet, inches.
3. Coal, bony 0' 3"
"Greatest rise, S. 30** E.; butts. N. 70** E.; faces, S. 20** E.; mine capacity, 100 tons; men employed, 15; run-of-mine shipped mostly east
for domestic purposes; sample from No. 4, the analysis of which was published by Dr. White under No. 2 in Table No. 2 on page 214 of Volume 11(A) and republished by him under the same number in Table No. 7 on page 241 of Bulletin 2. This mine was formerly owned and operated by the Cataract Colliery Company."
The above-mentioned analysis, as reported by Prof. Hite, is given under Mine No. 128 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter. Through typographical error it was reported in Volume 11(A), page 200, as being operated by the Moss Branch Coal Company.
Low Moor Iron Co. "Low Moor No. 2" Mine — No. 129 on
Map IL
On west hillside of New River, % mile west of South t^ayette; 8ewell Coal; elevation, 1290' B.; section and data by author as published by Dr. White on page 201 of Volume 11(A).
ireet. Inches. •
"Greatest rise, S. 30** E.; butts^ N. 70** K; faces, S. 20** E.; mine capacity, 200 tons; men employed, 5*0; sample from No. 2, tho analysis of which was published by Dr. White under No. 3 in Table No. 2 on page 214 of Volume 11(A) and republished by him under the same number in Table No. 7 on page 241 of Bulletin 2; fine coal coked at Low Moor, Va., for furnace use; lump coal shipped mostly east for domestic purposes; principal office. Low Moor, Va.; authority for mine data, R. O. Rafter, Mine Foreman."
At the time of the author's visit in 1916, the mine had been idle for 19 months and was just starting up again, according to C. P. Gasten, the present Mine Foreman.
The above-mentioned analysis is given under Mine No. 129 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
A sample of coke from this mine was collected by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds in 19Q2 and analyzed by Prof. Hite, the results being published by Dr. White under No. 12 on pages 663-4 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 214 of Volume 11(A) and page 249 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. This analysis is given under Mine No. 129 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
The coal bed at the above mine was also measured and sampled at three points by H. I. Smith, of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, on July 10 and 11, 1912, as given on pages 349-350 of Bulletin 85 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 707
Section A (sample 14401) was measured at the face of left entry 3, off the main entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 0".
Section B (sample 14402) was measured at the face of room 9, o£C left entry 2; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 2' 11^".
Section C (sample 14403) was measured at the face of room 9. off left entry 1, at 150 feet from the entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 0%".
A composite samp^^ was made by 'mixing samples 14401, 14402 and 14403, for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 14404. C !*^' "^ ~
These four analyses, as taken from page 113 of Bulletin
85 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 129 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
For "Notes", see description of Mine No. 130.
»f
Law Moor Iron Co. "Pinetop Entry" of "Low Moor No. 2
Mine — No. 471 on Map II.
• On southwest side of hill road, 0.4 mile S. 15** W. of South Fayette; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1255' L.; examined hy author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, sandy, visible 8 0
Coal, soft, columnar 3 3
Low Moor Iron Co. "Kaymoor" Mine No. 1 — No. 130 on
Map II.
On south hillside of New River, 0.6 mile west of Kaymoor; 8ewoll Coal; elevation, 1490' B.; section by Messrs. Brady and Eklmonds, published by Dr. White on page 658 of Volume II In 1903.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 3 9
<:: "
This mine is over 30 years old and is still in operation. The analysis of a sample of coal collected by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite, and published by Dr. White under No. 19 on pages 658-9 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 130 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The analysis of a sample of coke collected by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 10 on pages 663-4 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 214 of
Volume 11(A) and page 249 of Bulletin 2, is given under Mine No. 130 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
This Company now (August, 1916) has a battery of 111 beehive coke ovens at Kaymoor, nearly all of which are ir blast ; mostly 48-hour coke produced.
The coal bed was also measured and sampled at five points in this mine by H. I. Smith, of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, as given on pages 349-350 of Bulletin 85 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 14294) was measured at the face of room 1, left entry 3, off main entry 3, at 4,700 feet south of the mine mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 8H".
Section B (sample 14295) was measured at the face of right entry 1H» off left entry 1, off Buffalo entry, 3,300 feet southeast of the mine mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 10%".
Section C (sample 14296) was measured at the face of left entry 1, o£F right en try ^9, at 3,300 feet west of the mine mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 6^".
Section D (sample 14297) was measured at the face of west entry 11, 3,600 feet southwest of the mine mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 3".
Section E (sample 14299) was measured on the pillar betweeii rooms 3 and 4, off right entry 1, ofF main entry 7; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 4". ^
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 14294, 14295, 14296, and 14297. The results of an ultimate analysis of this sample are shown under laboratory No. 14298.
These 6 analyses, as taken from page 113 of Bulletin 85 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. IS'' in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — Kaymoor No. 1 and Low Moor No. 2 mines are opened by slope and the coal is mined by the room-and-pillar system. At the time the mines were visited the coal was undercut by air punchers and electric chain cutters and broken down with "FFFF black blasting powder. None of the coal was shipped as run-of-mine. The screening plant had bar screens spaced 4 inches apart through which about 66 per cent of the coal passed, and also smaller bar scre'ens with spaces 1% inches wide which produced an egg coal. There were three loading tracks with a capacity for 16 empty and 16 loaded cars. There were storage bins with a capacity for 400 tons of screened coal and 600 tons of screenings. The ' screenings were not washed but were sent to the coking plant. About 10,000 acres of coal land was owned by the company, of which about 500 acres had been worked. The dally output of No. 1 mine was 550 tons, with a maximum day's run of 750 tons. The output of this mine will probably be increased to about 850 tons in the near future. Daily output of No. 2 mine, about 90 tons Average thickness about 3 feet 6 inches; slight dip to the west. Roof, smooth sandstone 18 inches thick; floor, rough, hard clay. Material from the floor or roof did not become mixed with the coal in mining."
West Virginia Geological Survey. 709
Brown Coal Co. ''South Nuttall Mine"— No. 131 on Map II.
On south hillside of New River, at Brown; S^well Coal; elevation, 1595' B.; section of Messrs. Brady and Edmonds as published by Dr. White on page 65S of Volume II; correlation verified by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 3 10
This mine has been in operation for over 30 years. The analysis of a sample of coal collected by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No; 6 on pages 658-9 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number of pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 131 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The coal bed was also measured and sampled at five points in this mine by A. C. Ramsay and R. Y. Williams, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 10, 1909, as given on pages 946-7 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8142) was cut from the face of the Wheeler entry, 3.500 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal aam pled, 3' 2 1/2".
Section B (tannple 8143) was cut from the face of entry 18, 1,000 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 2".
Section C (sample 8144) was cut from the face of the old Lockett entry, 4,000 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 6%".
Section D (sample 8145) was cut from the face of left entry 1, 1,800 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 0%".
Section E (sample 8607) was cut from the face of entry 18, 1,000 feet from secondary opening; thickness of bed and of coal sampled 3' 5^".
A composite sample v^^as made by mixing samples 8142, 8144, and 8145 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8196. The latter analysis along with an air-dried calculation of the same was published by Dr. White under No. 6 in Table No. 8 on page 243 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey.
The above 6 analyses, as taken from page 240 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines and the air-dried calculation of sample No. 8196 from Bulletin 2 as mentioned above, are given under Mine No. 131 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
7To Coal And Coke.
"Notes. — The coal at this mine was undercut with chain machines in bottom part of bed and was shot down with black powder. The tipple was not equipped with screens; therefore the entire output was shipped as run-of-miue coal. This is a coking coal, but there were no ovens at this plant. The daily output in July, 1909, averaged 550 tons, and 647 tons was the maximum day's run. The output for some time was to be derived mainly from advance work. Thickness nearly uniform, ranging as mined from 3' 2" to 4' 0"; dip 1%** NW; roof, strong blue shale, which did not fall with the coal and which had a cap rock 6 feet above; floor, hard underclay with smooth surface; cover, for the most part, about 350 feet thick.'
>f
The bed was also measured and sampled at five points in this mine by J. J. Rutledge of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, on June 22, 1910, as given on pages 350-1 of Bulletin 85 of the Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 10618) was measured at the face of room 2 off Hill entry; thickness of bed, 3' 6"; thickness of coal sampled, 2' 10*.
Section B (sample 10619) was measured on rib of Lockett heading, between rooms 1 and 2, about 2,000 feet from mouth of entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 9%".
Section C (sample 10620) was measured at the neck of room 1, off right entry 6, off Wheeler entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 5".
Section D (sample 10621) was measured at the neck of room 4, off left entry 2, off entry 18; thickness of bed and of coal sampled,* 3' 6".
Section E (sample 10622) was measured on the left rib near the face of entry 18; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' b^",
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 10618 to 10622, inclusive; the results of an ultimate analysis of this sample are given under laboratory No. 10623.
These six analyses, as taken from page 113 of Bulletin 85 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are also given under Mine No. 131 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal is mined by the room-and-plllar and modified panel system; at the time of sampling FFF blasting powder was used for breaking down the coal after undercutting with electric chain cutters. The coal was screened on 1%-inch bar screens, and marketed as lump and screenings; pickers were employed on the cars when loading; there were two loading tracks with capacity for about 20 cars. Output 550 tons per day. Thickness, 3 to 4 feet; dip 3** west; small faults; roof, blue shale 6 feet thick, strong and smooth; floor hard, smooth clay; cover, 120 to 350 feet"
West Virginia Geological Survey. 7Ii
Branch Coal Co. ''Chapman Mine" — No. 132 on Map II.
On west hillside of New River, 0.4 mile N. 35** W. of Elverton; Seweti Coal; elevation, 1570' B.; section by Messrs. Brady and E3d- monds, as published by Dr. White on page 658 of Volume II; correlation verified by author.
Ii'eet. Inches.
Coal 2 8%
The analysis of a sample of coal collected at this mine by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 9 on pages 658-9 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Min« No. 132 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter. At the time the mine was visited in 1902 it was being operated by the Chapman Coal and Coke Company.
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds also collected a sample of the coke made at this mine, the results of an analysis of which by Prof. Hite, as published by Dr. White under No. 10 on pages 663-4 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 214 of Volume 11(A) and page 249 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, are given under Mine No. 132 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
The coal bed was also measured and sampled at four points in this mine by G. H- Deike, of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, on July 10, 1912, as given on pages 347-8 of Bulletin 85 of the Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 14338) was measured at the face of the old Bayne entry, 3,900 feet southwest of No. 2 entrance; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 4%".
Section B (sample 14339) was measured at the corner of the break-through, 10 feet from the face of the main entry^ 3,900 feet southwest of No. 2 entrance; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 2%".
Section C (sample 14341) was measured on pillar of room 2, left entry 1, off entry 5, 3,100 feet south of No. 2 entrance; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 2%".
Section D (sample 14342) was measured on the pillar of room ?,. right entry 5, 3,100 feet southwest of No. 2 entrance; thickness of betf and of coal sampled, 4' 7%".
Two composite samples were made: (1) by mixing samples 14338 and 14339 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 14340; (2) by mixing samples 14341 and 14342 for an
yy2 COAL AND COKE.
ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 14343.
These 6 analyses, as taken from page 112 of Bulletin 85 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine Na. 132 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The Elverton ('Chapman') mine is opened by a drift entry and the coal mined by the room-and-pillar system. At the time of sampling the coal was undercut both by hand and by electric chain machines and broken with FFF black powder. Dynamite was used for brushing the roof. The tipple was equipped with shaking screens 5 by 12 feet with openings 5 inches in diameter and also another set of screens 5 by 12 feet with openings 1^ Inches in diameter. About 50 per cent, of the coal passed through the first set of screens. None of the coal was shipped as run-of-mine. Pickers were employed on the cars when loading coal. The screenings were used for making coke. The coal was very clean, the lumps large, and presented a good appearance on the cars. There were 3 loading tracks with a capacity of 30 empty and 40 loaded cars. There were also storage bins with a capacity for 400 tons of coal. There was about 700 acres of coal tributary to this mine. About one-half of the coal was derived from advance workings and the remainder from pillars. The production of the mine was 250 tons a day with a maximum day's run of 650 tons. Average thickness, 4 feet; dip 1% per cent, northwest. Roof, heavy, smooth shale, above which there is a sandstone cap rock. The coal is practically free from regular partings or impurities. The floor consists of about 4 inches of bony coal, below which is a hard smooth shale. Cover, at points where the samples were taken, ranges from 100 to 400 feet."
Southside Co. ''Southside Mine"— No. 133 on Map II.
On west hillside of New River, opposite Caperton; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1660' B. ; section by author.
Feet. Inches.
1. Shale, sandy, and sandstone, shaly, visible. . . 13 0
2. Coal, soft, columnar 3' 5"
No. 3 of section is reported to disappear and No- 2 to average 3' 8" in mine.
The analysis of a sample of coal collected at the above mine in 1902, cut from a mining section of 3' 9", by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 11 (Victoria Coal & Coke Co.) on pages 658-9 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 248
West Virginia Geological Survey. 713
of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 133 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
This mine was also formerly owned by the Chapman Coal, Coke and Iron Company.
The bed was also measured and sampled at three points in this mine by R. Y. Williams, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 9, 1909, as given on page 946 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8151) was cut from the face of tbe straight entry, 5,000 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled. 3' 4%".
Section B (sample 8152) was cut from the face of left entry 6, 7.000 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, r 101^".
Section C (sample 8153) was cut from the face of the machine enti-y, 6,000 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sam- Dled. 4' 0".
A composite sampl<e was made by mixing samples 8151, 8152, and 8153 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8185. The latter analysis along with an air-dried calculation of the same was published by Dr. White under No. 26 in Table No. 8 on page 245 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey.
These 4 analyses by the U. S. Geological Survey, as taken from page 239 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with the air-dried calculation of sample No. 8185 above mentioned, are given under Mine Na. 133 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal at this mine was undercut by hand and chain machines, and was shot down with a short-flame explosive or black powder. The tipple had no screens, the entire output being shipped as run-of-mine coal. This Is a coking coal, but there were no ovens at this plant. The coal was picked on the car. The daily output in 1909 at time of sampling averaged 450 tons, and 650 tons was a maximum day's run. The future output was to be derived from both advance work and pillars. Thickness, fairly uniform, ranging as mined from 3 feet 4 inches to 4 feet; dip, 1%° NW; roof, stony gray shale, which did not fall with the coal; floor, hard clay, underlain with shale."
Coal Opening — No. 472 on Map II.
On north bank of branch of Coal Run, 1.6 miles S. 35° W. of Caperton; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1670' L.; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, flaggy and shaly, visible 15 0
Coal, medium-soft, columnar! 3 7
Slate, to bed of run 3 0
Scotia Coal Co. ''Ctmard Mine"— No. 134 on Map II.
On branch of Coal Run, 0.6 mile west of Sewell; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1710' B.; section by Messrs. Brady and Ekimonds; correlation verified by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal 4 2
The above mine was formerly owned by the Cunard Coal Company. The old "Cunard" Mine has been mined out, connected with "Brooklyn" mine (No. 135 on Map II) of Scotia Coal Company, and abandoned some years. Opening bears S. 30** E., and is driven through from river front.
The analysis of a sample of coal collected at the above mine in 19Q2 by Messrs- Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 12 on pages 658-9 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 211-212 of Voliime 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 134 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Scotia Coal Co. "Brooklyn Mine"— No. 135 on Map II.
On west hillside of New River, 0.4 mile northwest of Flnlow P. O. (Brooklyn); Sewell Coal; elevation, 1750' B.; section hy Messrs. Brady and EMmonds; correlation verified hy author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 4 1
This mine was formerly owned by the Brooklyn Coal and Coke Company. The analysis of a sample of coal collected at this mine in 1902 by Messrs. Brady and Edmonda, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 13 on pages 658-9 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number of pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 248
West Virginia Geological Survey. 715
"jf Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 135 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds also collected a sample of the coke manufactured at this mine, the analysis of which by Prof. Hite, as published by Dr. White under No. 9 on pages 663-4 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 214 of Volume 11(A) and page 249 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 135 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was also measured and sampled at two points in the mine by K. M. Way, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on September 14, 1907, as given on pages 916-917 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines and on pages 12-13 of Bulletin 362 of the U. S. Geological Survey.
Section A (sample 5329) was measured in the face of left entry 5, 3,000 feet east of the drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 11%".
Section B (sample 5432) was measured in the face of right entry 1, 1500 feet west of the (!r<:t mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 0".
The bed was also measured and sampled at three points by C. A. Fisher, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 4, 1909, as given on pages 916-917 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8092) was cut from left heading 2, and represented 4 feet 2 Inches of coal.
Section B (sample 8093) was cut from the face of straight entry 7, and represented 3 feet 9 inches of coal.
Section C (sample 8094) was cut from right block entry 1, and represented 3 feet 8V^ inches of coal.
A composite sample was made by mixing both face and pillar samples 8092, S093, and 8094 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8159.
Two car samples (Nos. 5453 and 5480) were also collected from two cars of run-of-mine coal, loaded under the supervision of Inspector K. M. Way and shipped to the U. S. Fuel-Testing Plant at Norfolk^ Virginia, one car being exposed to the weather for twenty-two days and the other twenty-eight days before arriving at the testing plant Producer-gas and briquetting tests were to be made on this shipment, as noted under Jamestown No. 5 on pages 12-13 of Bulletin 362 of the U. S. Geological Survey.
The above 8 analyses by the U. S. Geological Survey, as taken from page 226 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 135 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
7i6
Coal And Coke.
"Notes.— About 50 per cent, of the output of this mine was shipped as run-of-mine coal. The remainder was screened and the slack was coked. The coal was picked on the car by two trimmers. The daily output in July, 1909, averaged about 350 tons, and 500 tons was a maximum day's run. Increase of capacity was contemplated. The probable life of the mine was estimated at 20 years. At this mine the bed lies nearly flat, having about 3^^ feet thickness. Roof, sandstone, or sandstone underlain with clay to which the coal sticks somewhat; floor, fire clay or smooth, soft shale which does not mix with coal in mining."
The following results of briquetting tests of two cars of i;oal from this mine, published under Jamestown No. 5, are taken from pages 19-20 of Bulletin 385 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
"Of the two tests made on this coal, the briquets of test No. 258 were better than those of test No. 259. The warm briquets of test No. 258 had smooth surfaces and were difficult to fracture. The cold briquets were very hard and brittle and formed some slack when broken. The warm briquets from test No. 259 had smooth surfaces, were very plastic, and high in moisture; the cold briquets had a very hard, firm surface, and fractured without slacking."
Briquet Tests.
Over 1-4 inch per cent.!
a.-is
1-10 to 1-4 inch percent.'
1-20 to 1-10 inch percent.'
1-40 to 1-20 inch per cent. '
Through 1-40 inch per cent.
Details of manufacture:
Machine used Am.
r.riquetting temperature **F. 199
Binder:
Kind I W. G. P.
.Amount per ccnt.l 7
Weight of— I
Briquets, average pounds! 0 . 568
Heat value per pound — j
Coal as received B. T. U.I 14,522
xsriquets •••■■.«■.••..••....•...***..*..• X3. x « vJ.j « XvyD4<& Binder B. T. U.' 16,718
Moisture in briquet mixture per cent.
Held per cent.
Passed per cent.
Held per cent.
Passed per cent.
Fines through 10-mesh sieve percent.
Weathering test :
Time exjjosed days
Condition !
Water absorption :
Time immersed days
Water absorbed per cent.
Average for first four days percent.
21
Am. 200
W. G. P. 5458
1B7l6 32.5 96.2
21
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Chemical Analyses of Briquets, Test No. 258, Lab. No. 5744.
Proximate: Percent.
Moisture 1.32
Volatile Matter 24.97
Fixed Carbon 67.91
Ash 6.80
Sulphur 0.63
Ultimate: Percent.
Hydrogen 4.90
Carbon 82.77
Nitrogen 1 .14
Oxygen . . .* 4 . 76
Extraction Analyses.
Laboratory No
Air-drying loss Per cent.
Air dried do.
As received do.
Pitch in briquet as received do.
Pitch.
Fuel
J-5.
Briquets
Test 268. 6744 " 0.90
Scotia Coal Co. Mine — No. 136 on Map II, on head of Rush Run, l.S miles northwest of Red Ash, at an elevation of 1770' B., was a new operation in the Sewell Coal, the incline being extended from the old "Red Ash" Mine (No. 187 on Map II) in the Fire Creek Coal to the top of the hill.
Rocklick Coal Co. "Concho Mine"— No. 137 on Map II.
On west hillside of New River, 0.8 mile N. 10** W. of Thurmond; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1775' B.; section by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds; correlation verified by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 5 1
This mine was formerly the No. 3 mine of the Thurmond Coal Company and had been in operation 27 or 28 years in October, 1916. The name was changed in 1914 to the present one when the opening was driven through to Rocklick Creek.
The analysis of a sample of coal collected by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 25 on pages 658-9 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 212- 213 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 137 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Rocklick Coal Co. "Rocklick Mine"— No. 138 on Map II.
On head of Rocklick Creek, 2.2 miles N. 20** W. of Thurmond; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1670' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, sandy
Coal, soft, columnar (slate floor) 3' 8" to 4 8
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. "Minden
No. 5" Mine— No. 139 on Map II.
On north bank of Arbuckle Creek, east edge of Minden; S«well Coal; elevation, 1613' L.; section by Teets measured about 200 feet underground in main heading.
Feet. Inches.
For mine data, see Minden No. 2 (No. 142 on Map II). This mine was formerly operated by W. P. Rend, The bed was also measured and sampled at three points in this mine by J. J. Rutledge, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on June 23, 1909, as given on pages 934-5 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8032) was cut from face of left entry 6, 1,500 feet northwest of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 5".
Section B (sample 8033) was cut from face of right heading 7, 850 feet northeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 31/2".
Section C (sample 8034) was cut from face of main heading, 4,000 feet north of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 4' 3%"; thickness of coal sampled, 4' 2^".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8032, 8033 and 8034 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8101.
These 4 analyses, as taken from page 235 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 139 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal at this mine was undercut by hand and machme at the bottom of the bed, and was shot down with black powder. The tipple was equipped with l^^- and %-inch screens. There were no coking ovens at this mine. The estimated output in 1909 was 550 tons, but the capacity was 600 tons daily. The future output was to be derived from advance work. The thickness ranges from 3 to 4^ feet. The roof is either sandstone or shale of fairly good quality
West Virginia Geological Survey. 719
according to locality. The floor is a hard gray shaly underclay with a smooth surface."
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. "Minden No. 4 Mine"— No. 140 on Map II.
On south hank of Arbuckle Creek, south edge of Minden; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1624' L.; section measured by Teets 200 feet underground in main heading.
Feet. Inches.
For ipine data, see Minden No. 2 (No. 142 on Map II).
This mine was formerly operated by W. P. Renrl. The coal bed was also measured and sampled at three points in this mine by J. J. Rutledge and A. J. Hazlewood, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 25, 1909, as given on pages 933-4 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8029) was cut from the face of left entry 4, 3,000 feet northwest of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 4' ZW; thickness of coal sampled. 4' 2".
Section B (sample 8030) was cut from face of room 5, off right entry 9, southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of Coal sam< pled, 4' 4^".
Section C (santple 8031) was cut from face of main heading, 5,000 feet northeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 11 ^t^".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8029, 8030, and 8031 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8102. The latter analysis along with an air-dried calculation of the same was published by Dr. White under No. 36 in Table No. 8 on page 245 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey.
These 4 analyses, taken from pages 234 and 235 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, as also the above-mentioned air-dried calculation of sample No. 8102, are given under Mine No. 140 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal was undercut by hand in No. 4 mine (No. 140 on Map II) and by machine in No. 3 mine (No. 141 on Map II), in the lower part of the bed, and was shot down with black powder. Both mines used the same tipple, which was equipped with scre^ps with %- and lH>-inch openings. There was a bank of coke ovens below the mines, but they were not in use at time of sampling in 1909. The estimated
daUy output averaged 550 tons at No. 3 mine and 600 tons at No. 4 mine, while the capacities were 600 and 700 tons, respectively. The output in the immediate future was to be derived from advance work. The thickness of the coal ranges from 3 to 3l^ feet The roof is a dark shale of good quality. The floor is a hard underclay with a smooth surface."
N«w River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. ''Minden
No. 3" Mine— No. 141 on Map II.
On south bank of Arbuckle Creek, 0.9 mile west of Rocklick Creek;
Sewell Coal; elevation, 1591' L.; section measured by Teets'SOO fe^
underground on main heading.
Feet. Inches.
"Some of this coal is reported as having from 2" to 14" of bone about 1 foot from top."
For mine data, see "Minden No. 2" (No. 142 on Map II). It was formerly operated by W. P. Rend.
The coal bed was also measured and sampled at four points in this mine by J. J. Rutledge and A. J. Hazlewood, of the U. S. (geological Survey, on July 25, 1909, as given on pages 933-4 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8027) was cut from face of left entry 7, 3,000 feet east of drift mouth; thickness df bed, 4' 10%"; thickness of coal sampled. 4' 5%".
. Section B (tantple 8028) was cut from face of right air-course 8, in break-through No. 1; thickness of bed, 5' 0"; thickness of coal sampled, 4' 2".
Section C (san>ple 8381) was cut from crosscut in right heading &, 2,400 feet west of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 7".
Section D (sample 8880) was cut from face of a room off left entry 4. 1,300 feet southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 3".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8027 and 8028 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8249. The latter analysis along with an air-dried calculation of the same, was published by Dr. White under No. 35 in Table No. 8 on page 245 of Bulletin No. 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey.
These 5 analyses, as taken from pages 234 and 235 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with the
West Virginia Geological Survey. 72I
air-dried calculation of sample No. 8249 above mentioned, are
given under Mine No. 141 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
For "Notes," see Minden No. 4 (No. 140 on Map II).
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. "Minden *
No. 2 Mine"— No. 142 on Map II.
On north bank of Arbuckle Creek, west edge of Minden; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1583' L.; section measured by Teets about 300 feet underground in main heading.
Feet. Inches.
"Report on the 4 mines, Minden Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5, of New River and Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Company; originally Arbuckle Creek Mines; formerly owned by W. P. Rend; since 1906, by the present Company; principal office, Philadelphia, Pa., also an ofOce in Charleston, W. Va.; used for steam and domestic purposes; shipped east; number of men, 400 miners, 200 day men; electric haulage; output, 2600 tons per day; capacity, 3600 tons per day; leased from W. D. Thurmond Heirs; about the same production at each mine; John Clapperton, Superintendent^ authority for mine data."
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds also reported a thickness n? 5' 0" of coal when they visited the mine in 1902, as published by Dr. White under No. 21 on pages 658-9 of Volume II along with the analysis of a sample collected by them as reported by Prof. Hite. This analysis was republished under the same number on pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 244 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey. It is given under Mine No. 132 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The analysis of a sample of coke collected by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 8 on pages 633-4 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 214 of Volume 11(A) and page 249 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 142 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
The coal bed was measured and sampled at five points in this mine by J. J. Rutledge and A. J. Hazlewood, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on June 22, 1909, as given on pages 932-3 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8024) was cut trom tue face of left air-course 9, 3 200 feet southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 11%".
Section B (ssimple 8025) was cut from the face of left entry i, 3,000 feet southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' IV2".
Section C (san^ple 8026) was cut from face of right air-course 6, 2,800 feet northwest of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 5' 6^6"; thickness of coal sampled, 5' 2%".
Section D (sannple 8881) was cut from face of left entry 4, 2,100 feet southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 11".
Section E (sample 8882) was cut from the face of entry 7, 1,600 leet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 0^".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8024, 8025, and 8026 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8107. The latter analysis, along with an air-dried calculation of the same, was published b\ Dr. White under No. 11 in Table No. 8 on page 244 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey.
These 6 analyses taken from page 234 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with the air-dried calculation of sample No. 8107 mentioned above, are given under Mine No. 142 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal at this mine was undercut by hand and machine in the bottom part of the bed, and was shot down with black powder. The tipple was equipped with bar screens with 1'/^- and %- inch openings. The total output of the mine was screened. It was picked on the car by four trimmers. The coal is a coking coal, but no coke was being made at the time of sampling in June, 1909. The daily output averaged 70 tons. The future output was to be derired from advance workings. Thickness, 2% feet to 3^ feet; roof, dark shale, between which and the coal is a 34nch layer of draw slate; floor, hard gray underclay with rough surface."
Minden Mines.
In Table No. 3, following Mine No. 142, are giv^en four analyses of car samples, Nos. 5774, 5775, 5776, and 5777, of run-of-mine coal shipped "from a mine working the Fire Creek and Sewell beds at Minden", taken from page 235 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, where they were republished from pages 21-22 of Bulletin 362 of the U. S. Geological Survey. In the latter citation, it is stated : "It was loaded, uninspected, by the operator and the entire shipment was made
West Virginia Geological Survey.
into briquets and delivered to the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway for trial under locomotive boilers." The briquetting tests were published in Bulletin 385 of the U. S. Geological Survey, pages 33-34, where it is stated the "sample consisted of several cars of semibituminous run-of-mine coal from a mine working the Sewell bed, Minden, Fayette County. ..."
It is therefore impossible to state from which of the Minden Mines these cars of coal were shipped, but there seems to be no doubt as to the coal being from the Sewell bed. The briquetting tests warrant their publication without reference to the particular mine.
Briquetttng Tests. Jamestown No. 15.
Test No. 280. Owing to the presence of an excessive amount of moisture in this coal, it was very difficult to make satisfactory briquets on the English machine. Water cracks formed, and the briquets had a porous surface which was easily rubbed off. They were easily broken, forming considerable slack. As the flowing point of the binder used in this test was 194° F., the briquetting temperature of 187** P. was not high enough to soften the pitch sufficiently to obtain the best results.
Test No. 281. The briquets which were made on the American machine were probably stronger than those of test No. 280, made on the English machine, but the sample saved for the physical tests was mislaid, making it impossible to apply the tests. TheL briquets were very hard and showed no water cracks, although the coal was very wet
Briquet Testa.
Test No.
Size of coal as used: |
Thrpugh 1-40 inch per cent.
Details of manufacture:
Machine used
Binder —
Kind
Amount per cent.
Weight of —
Briquets, average pountis
Heat value per |>ound —
V'Oal 35 I vCd VCrU •••••••••*•••«••••••••■•• £#• 1. • KJ •
£)riC]ucr(3 •••*•••■••••*•••*«■"■*••••••«• M^m X • x^ •
Binder B. T. U.|
Moisture in briquet mixture per cent.
Held per cent.
Parsed per cent.
Eng.
W. G. P. 6941 6
Am.
W. G. P. 5941 6
Coal And Coke.
Test No,
Held percent.
Passed p>er cent.
Weathering test:
Time exposed days
Conditions
Water absorption:
Time immersed days
Water absoi bed per cent.
Average for first four days per cent.
6
11
Chemical Analyses of Briquets.
Test No
Laboratory No
Proximate :
Moisture
Volatile Matter.
Fixed Carbon. .
Ash
Sulphur
Ultimate:
Hydrogen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Extraction Analyses.
Air drying loss per cent
Eirtracted by CS'a
Air drifd per cent.
Pitch in briquet as received per cent
Pitch
Fuel
T-15
"Briquets
Test 280
Test 281
New River Co. "Lochgelly Mine" — Formerly Stuart Colliery Co. "Stuart Shaft"— No. 143 on Map II.
On head of Wolf Creek, at Lochgelly (formerly Stuart); Sewell Coal; elevation, 3371' L.; depth from surface to bottom of Sewell Coal, 571.12'; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, soft, bright 1' 6"
"Greatest rise, S. 40° IB.; sample from Nos. 2, 3, and 4, the analysis of which was published by Dr. White under No. 7 in Table No. 2 on page 214 of Volume 11(A); mine capacity, 400 tons; coal shipped east mostly for steam: authority for mine data, S. A. Smiley, Bookkeeper, for the company."
West Virginia Geological Survey. 725
The above information was collected by the writer in 1907 as published by Dr. White on page 204 of Volume 11(A) about 2 months after the disastrous explosion on January 28, 1907, when 90 miners lost their lives. The Stuart Shaft is 5620 feet N. 68>4° E. from the Parral Shaft (now Summerlee) which was then owned by the same Company; namely, the Stuart Colliery Company, of Macdonald, W. Va. The New River Company took over the operation of the mine soon after the date mentioned above.
Teets secured the following information concerning this mine in 1916:
"Used for domestic and steam purposes; shipped east and west; output, 500 tons dally; capacity, 800 tons daily; number of men em* ployed, 70 miners and 65 day men; electric haulage; lease coal from the Stuart Colliery Company; J. R. Porter, Superintendent, authority for data."
The analysis of the sample collected by the writer in 1907, which was also republished under No. 7 on page 241 of Bulletin 2, mentioned above, is given under Mine No. 143 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The coal bed was also measured and sampled at one point in this mine by P. M. Riefkin, and at one point by F. J. Simington, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on June 1, 1909, and at one point by F. J. Simington on July 2, 1909, as given on page 948 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 7872) was cut from face of left entry 4, about 2,500 feet northeast of shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled
Section B (sample 7873) was cut from face of left entry 1, about 1,500 feet northeast of shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 7".
Section C (sample 8079) was cut from rib near face of right entry' 3, off main east entry, about 1,200 feet southeast of shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 2' 10%".
A composite sample was made 6y mixing samples 7872, 7873, and 8079 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8158. The latter analysis, along with an air-dried calculation of the same, was published by Dr. White under No. 13 in Table No. 8 on page 244 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey.
These 4 analyses, as taken from pages 240 and 241 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with the air-dried calculation above mentioned, are given under Mine No. 143 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
• "Notes. — The coal was undercut in bed by punchers and by hand, and was shot down with a permissible explosive. The tipple had bar screens with 4-inch and 2'inch spaces. The mine plant had recently been damaged by an explosion. At time of sampling in 1909 the daily output averaged from 100 to 200 tons, but was being rapidly increased and was expected to reach eventually 500 tons or more. The coal was to be derived from both advance work and pillars. Thickness, fairly uniform (with exception of area where there are rolls), varying as mined from about 3' 8" to 4' 8"; roof, shale of varying character; floor, hard clay."
Stuart Colliery Co. "Summerlee" Mine, Formerly "Parral
Shaft"— No. 144 on Map II.
On heau of Wolf Creek, at Summerlee (formerly Parral); 8«vv«il Coal; elevation, 1345' L.; section by author as published on page 203 of Volume 11(A) by Dr. White in 1908; depth to Sewell Coal, 659'.
Feet. Inches.
3. Coal,' harder, gray 1 8
4. Coal, soft, "mining" 1 1 ... 4 0^
"Greatest rise. S. 40** E.; mine capacity, 100 tons; men employed 34; sample from Nos. 2, 3, and 4, the analysis of which was published under No. 6 on page 215 of Volume 11(A) by Dr. Wlhite and republished by him under the same number on page 241 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey; general office of Company, Macdonald, W. Va.; authority for mine data, Fred Dixon and Lawrence Blenkinsopp, Superintendent'*
Dr. White published the following remarks on pages 203- 204 of Volume 11(A) concerning this shaft:
"The Sewell Coal dips rapidly under a deep covering of higher measures as we pass northwestward from Thurmond, but as it maintains a valuable thickness for several miles in that direction, it has in recent years been extensively developed through several deep shafts sunk to the coal principally through a group of coal interests controlled by Mr. Samuel Dixon, the veteran coal operator of Macdonald, Fayette County.
"Among these shafts is the Parral (now Summerlee), owned and operated by the Stuart Colliery Co., situated about 7 miles northwest from Thurmond, at which a very disastrous explosion occurred in 1906 and many miners lost their lives.
"When this shaft was first sunk it struck the Sewell Coal horizon in the center of a wide 'roll' and the coal was completely absent
West Virginia Geological Survey. 727
where it should have been found. The shaft was continued on down to a depth of 690 feet, and from there a diamond drill hole was sunk to a still greater depth until a coal bed 3' 4" thick was finally encountered at about 870 feet below the top of the shaft. This coal was at first supposed to be the Sewell, which had taken a sudden 'dip', but an examination by the writer disclosed it to be the Be'ckley Coal, while the Sewell bed, over 200 feet higher, had been completely cut out with a 'roll.' The further deepening of the shaft was then abandoned, and an entry was driven through the solid rock at the proper horizon in the shaft to where the Sewell bed again made its appearance, only a short distance from the shaft"
The coal bed was also measured and sampled at one point on July 1, 1909, by P. ^. Riefkin, at two points on July 1, 1909, by F. J. Simington, and at one point on August 28, 1909, by A. J. Hazlewood, of the U. S. Geological Survey, as given on page 949 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 7875) was cut from face of left heading, off main east entry, about 800 feet northeast of shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 5^'\
Section B (sample 7874) was cut from the face of right entry 3, about 2,600 feet northwest of shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 31^".
Section C (sample 8084) was cut from the face of left west entry 2, About 1,800 feet southwest of shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 9".
Section D (sample 8967) was cut from the face of left entry 1, on east side, about 850 feet northeast of shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' Ol^".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 7874, 7875, and 8084 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8161. The latter analysis, along with an air-dried calculation of the same, was published by Dr. White under No. 33 in Table No. 8 on page 245 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey.
These 5 analyses, as taken from page 241 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with the air-dried calculation of sample No. 8161 mentioned above, are given under Mine No. 144 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal was undercut in the bed, and was shot down with a short-flame explosive. The daily output averaged about 300 tons. Thickness, nearly uniform, ranging as mined from about 3' 8" to 4' 6"; roof, hard shale; floor, hard, black, smooth, shaly underclay."
Dunglen Coal Co. "Scwell Knob Mine"— No. 145 on Map II.
On Sewell Knob, 0.5 mile west of Stonecliif; Seweli Coal; elevation, 2060' B.; section as obtained by author and published by Dr. White on page 201 of Volume 11(A).
Feet. Inches.
3. Coal,.soft, bright 3' • 41^"
4. Coal, soft, gray 1 0 ... 4 4^
"Greatest rise, S. 37° E.; mine capacity, 250 tons; men employed, 69; sample from Nos. 3 and 4, the analysis of which was published under No. 4 in Table No. 2 on page 215 of Volume 11(A) by Dr. White and republished by him under the same number on page 241 of Bulletin 2; coal shipped both east and west, principally for steam; office of the company, Dunglen, W. Va.; authority for mine data, Leo Shaffer, Superintendent."
The above-mentioned analysis is given under Mine No. 145 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was also measured and sampled at one point by H. M. Wolflin on June 18, 1909, and at two points by H. M. Wolflin, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 14, 1909, as given on pages 914-915 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 7994) was cut from room 1 off right entry 2. about 600 feet northwest of drift mouth; thickness of coal and of bed sampled, 4' 6%".
Section B (sample 8221) was cut from room 3 off left entry 5 off main entry 3, about 1,400 feet approximately N. 45° W. of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' Z%".
Section C (sample 8220) was cut from face of left 6 off main 4, about 800 feet approximately N. 45° W. of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 4".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 7994, 8220. and 8221 for an ultimate analysis, the results of whic' are shown under laboratory No. 8295. The latter analysis was published by Dr. White, along with an air-dried calculation of the same, under No. 9 in Table No. 8 on page 245 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey.
These 4 analyses, taken from pages 225-6 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with the above-mentioned air-dried calculation of No. 8295, are given under Mine No. 145 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 729
"Notes. — The coal was undercut in bottom of bed partly with chain machines, but principally by hand, and was shot down with black powder or a permissible explosive. Tipples at each end were connected by same gravity plane to bins loading into railroad cars at the bottom of the hill; the arrangement was such that the coa^from the two beds might be mixed or not, as desired. There were no screens, and consequently the whole output was shipped as run-of-mine coaL The daily output averaged about 200 to 300 tons, the capacity Demg about 400 tons. The future output was to be derived from both aa* vance work and pillars in the Sewell bed; the Fire Creek bed was as yet not w-ell developed. Thickness, even, ranging as mined from 4' 2" to 4' 8"; roof, sandstone, between which and the coal there is a weak, 'slippy* gray shale, the sandstone in places coming down on top of the coal."
Prudence Coal Co. "J<>^*s Mine" — No. 146 on Map II.
On branch of Meadow Fork, Vj mile northeast of Sanger; Sewell Coal; elevation, 17ir L.; section by Teets 100 feet under hill on main heading.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, sometimes sandstone
Coal, sulphurous 0' 4"
"Sometimes there is a little bone at bottom."
Prudence Coal Co. "Lyman Mine" — No. 149 on Map II.
On branch of Meadow Fork, 0.6 mile southwest of Sanger; Sewer I Coal; elevation, 1700' B.; section by Teets at pit mouth.'
Feet Inches.
Prudence Coal Co. "Blue Jay Mine"— No. 150 on Map II.
On head of branch of Meadow Fork, 0.9 mile southwest of Sanger; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1700' B.; section by Teets at pit mouth.
Feet. Inches.
Calvin Hurte Coal Opening — No. 473 on Map 11.
On south bank of Meadow Fork, 0.2 mile southeast of Sanger; Seweli Coal; elevation, 1720' B.; section by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Newlyn Coal Co. Coal Opening — No. 474 on -Map II, on west hillside of Dunloup Creek, ^ mile southwest of Thurmond, in Seweli Coal, at an elevation of 1815' B., was examined by Teets, but thickness not given.
Meadow Fork Coal Co. "Meadow Fork Mine"— No. 147 on
Map II.
On west hillside of Dunloup Creek, 1.4 miles due east of Prudence; Seweli Coal; elevation, 1775' B., section by Teets measured 100 teet underground in main heading.
Feet. Inches.
Slate and sandstone
Coal, sulphurous, 0' 4" to 0' 6"
"Sometimes 2 inches of bone at bottom of seam. Principal office, Newljrn, W. Va.; used for steam; shipped east and west; output, 100 tons daily; capacity^ 250 tons daily; number of men employed, 16 miners and 11 laborers; mule haulage and dinky. Has been running under this name 12 years or since organization; leased from McKell Estate; H. Meadows, Mine Foreman, authority for mine data."
The author also obtained the following data at this mine in 1907, as published by Dr. White on pages 201-202 of Volume 11(A) :
Feet. Inches.
3. Coal, soft, bright 2' 1"
5. Coal, soft, grayish 2 11 5 4
"Greatest rise, S. 40° E.; butts, N. 50° B.; faces S. 40° E.; mine capacity, 100 tons; men employed,* 25 ; sample from Nos. 3, 4, and 5, The analysis of which was published by Dr. White under No. 5 in Table No. 2, page 215, of Volume 11(A) and republished by him under the same number on page 241 of Bulletin 2 of the Sui'vey; coal shipped oast and west for smithing and domestic uses; roof, bad; authority for mine data, Jas. H. Boyd, Secretary."
West Virginia Geological Survey. 73I
The above-mentioned analysis, made in the Survey laboratory, is given under Mine No. 147 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
DcWitt Fuel Co. Mine— No. 148 on Map II.
On north hillside of Dunloup Creek, 0.4 mile southeast of Prudence; Sewell Coai; elevation, 1780' B.; section by Teets, measured 100 feet underground in main heading.
Feet. Inches.
"Sometimes a little streak of bone occurs in bottom of seam, r." to V thick, Just local. Mine opened in 1916; used for steam and domestic purposes; shipped east and west; daily capacity, 300 tons; daily output, 150 tons; number of men employed, 25 miners and 25 laborers; mule haulage; leased from McKell Estate; T. H. Snyder, General Manager, authority for data."
Prudence Coal Co. Coal Opening — No. 475 on Map II, on
north hillside of Dunloup Creek, 0.2 mile east of Prudence; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1740' B. ; examined by Teets, represents entry driven out by Prudence Mine (No. 151 on Map II), but thickness not given.
Prudence Coal Co. "Prudence Mine" — No. 151 on Map II.
On east bank of Twomile Branch, north edge of Prudence; Seweil Coal; elevation, 1680' B.; section by Teets measured 100 feet underground in main heading.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, draw 1 0
Coal, sulphurous 0' 6"
"Principal office, Macdonald, W. Va.; shipped east and west for steam purposes; daily capacity, 800 tons; daily output, 700 tons; number of men employed, 100 miners and 80 laborers; always operated under this name; electric haulage; John Whitehead, Superintendent, authority for data "
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds in 1902 also reported a thickness of 5' 2" when they sampled the coal for analysis, the latter being published by Dr. White under No. 28 on pages 658 and 660 of Volume II, as reported by Prof. Hite, and also
republished by him under the same number on pages 212-213 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. This analysis is given under Mine No. 151 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The coal bed w^as also measured and sampled at two points \n this mine by F. J. Simington, on June 9, 1909, and at two points by H. M. Wolflin, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 12, 1909, as given on pages 940-1 of Bulletin 22 of the J. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 7915) was cut from face of main entry, 1,200 feet east of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 2".
Section B (sample 7916) was cut from face of main air-course, 2,000 feet east of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 4%".
Section C (sample 8218) was cut from face of left entry 2, oft rignc entry 2, off **C" entry, about 1,400 feet approximately south from opening; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, M 4%".
Section D (sample 8219) was cut from pillar in room No. 4, off left entry 1, off right entry 1, off *'B" main entry, about 2,600 feet approximately east of the opening.
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 7915, 7916, 8218, and 8219 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8301. The latter analysis, along with an air-dried calculation of the same, was published by Dr. White under No. 31 in Table No. 8 on page 245 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey.
These 5 analyses, as taken from page 237 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with the air-dried calculation of sample No. 8301 above mentioned, are given under Mine No. 151 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal from this mine, like that from many others in this field, is soft and friable. Owing to light cover, and the consequent circulation of surface water, it is often 'rusty' in appearance, and has three vertical seams of clay; it was undercut in the bottom part of the bed by hand, and was shot down usually with black powaer, occasionally with short-flame explosives. There were no screens, so that the entire output was shipped as run-of-mine coal. The daily output at time of sampling and measurement in 1909 averaged about 800 tons, 1,200 tons being a maximum day's run. The future output was to be derived from both advance work and pillars. Thickness, nearly even, ranging as mined, from about 4' 2" to 5' 6"; roof, sandstone underlain for the most part with clay, which varies from soft and moist to hard, dry, and shaly; floor, shale with smooth surface, which in places softened and became mixed with the coal in loading; cover, for the most part, probably less than 100 feet thick."
West Virginia Geological Survey. 733
Harvey Coal & Coke Co. "Harvey Mine"— No. 152 on Map II.
On Smith Branch of Dunloup Creek, i^ mile northwest of Harvey; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1620' B.; section at mine entrance by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, draw 1 0
Coal, sulphurous .* 0' 4"
Coal, gas 4 6 4 10
Slate
''Principal office, Macdonald; shipped east, west, and north for domestic and steam purposes; daily capacity, 1050 tons; daily output 900 tons; number of men employed, 120 miners and 85 laborers; 120 coke ovens, not running; coal leased from different parties; John Whitehead, Superintendent, authority for data."
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds reported a thickness of 5' 5" of coal at this mine when they visited it in 1902, as published by Dr. White under No. 29, along with the analysis of a sample collected by them, on pages 658 and 660 of Volume II. The analysis was also republished by him under the same number on pages 212-213 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. This analysis is given under Mine No. 152 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds also collected a sample of the coke made at this mine, the analysis of which by Prof. Hite was published by Dr. White under No. 3 on pages 663-4 of Volume II and republished by him imder the same number on page 214 of Volume 11(A) and page 249 of Bulletin 2. This analysis is given under Mine No. 152 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
The coal bed was also measured and sampled at two points in this mine on July 10, 1909, and at one point on June 30, 1909, by F. J. Simington, of the U. S. Geological Survey, as given on page 924 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 7920) was cut from room 14 off right entry 19 in No. 1 district, about 9,000 feet northeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 1%".
Section B (sample 7921) was cut from room 1 off right entry 10 in No. 2 district, about 7,000 feet north of drift month; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 11":
Section C (sample 8085) was cut from room 17 at face of right entry 1 off left entry 4, 8,000 feet south of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 0".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 7920, 7921, and 8085 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8164. The latter analysis, along with an air-dried calculation of the same, was published by Dr. White under No. 43 in Table No. 8 on page 245 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey.
These 4 analyses, as taken from pages 230 and 231 of Bulletin 22 of the Ui S. Bureau of Mines, together with the air-dried calculation of sample No. 8164 mentioned above, are given under Mine No. 152 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — ThG coal at this mine was undercut by liand and with chain machines, and was shot down with black powder. The tipple was equipped with bar screens with 5-inch and 1%-inch openings. The daily output at the time of sampling averaged about 650 tons, 1,000 tons being the capacity of the mine. Thickness, nearly uniform, ranging as mined from 3' 10" to 6' 1"; roof sandstone, between which and the coal there is sometimes a shale; floor, soft shaly underclay."
Star Coal & Coke Co. "Star Mine"— No. 153 on Map II.
On west hillside of Dunloup Creek, at Redstar; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1645' B.; section by Teets measured at drift mouth.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, generally, sometimes sandstone
Coal 4' 5"
Slate 0 2
Coal 1 0 6 7
"This parting comes and goes — gets to be 12" sometimes, while at times there is no parting. Principal office, Redstar, W. Va.; shipped east and west for steam and domestic purposes; daily capacity, 1000 tons; daily output, 800 tons; number of men employed, 175; owned by Jones Brothers and leased by Company from them; mine has always run under this name; Geo. W. Jones, General Manager, authority for data."
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds reported a thickness of 5' 1" of coal when they visited this mine in 1902, as given under No. 30 by Dr. White on pages 658 and 660 of Volume II along with the analysis of a sample collected by them. This analysis was republished by Dr. White under the same number on pages 212-213 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 in Bulletin 2 of the Survey. It is given under Mine No. 153 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 735
The coal bed was also measured and sampled at two points in this mine by K. M. Way, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on September 20, 1907, and at two points on Jujie 19, 1909, by J. J. Rutledge, and at two points on August 4, 1909, by A. J. Hazlewood, of the same Survey, as given on pages 942-3 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 5396) was measured in room 16, on right entry 18, 7,600 feet southwest of the drift mouth; thickness of bed, 3' 9^''; thickness of coal sampled, Z' IW*
Section B (sample 5397) was measured in room 12, on left entry 13, 6,700 feet southwest of the drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 3%".
Section A (sample 7988) was cut from right entry 21, between rooms 15 and 16, about 9,000 feet northeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 3' 8%"; thickness of coal sampled, 3' 7%".
Section B (sample 7991) was cut from room 15, off left entry 16, 'about 7,500 feet southwest of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 4' 3%"; thickness of coal sampled, 4' 1^/^".
Section C (sample 8656) was cut from face of room 22, off right entry 18; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 2%".
Section D (sannple 8657) was cut from face of main heading, 10,800 feet northwest of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal :?ample, 4' 5".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples Nos. 7988 and 7991 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which arc shown under laboratory No. 8296. The Matter analysis, along with an air-dried calculation of the same, was published by Dr. White under No. 23 in Table No. 8 on page 244 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey.
Two cars of run-of-mine coal from this mine were shipped to the U. S. Fuel-Testing Plant, at Norfolk, Virginia, for steaming and briquetting tests. The coal was loaded under the supervision of Inspector K. M. Way, of the U. S. Geological Survey, one car being exposed to the weather for 20 days, the other for 41 days, before arriving at the testing plant. The analyses of car samples are shown under laboratory Nos. 5489 and 5574, being taken from pages 13 and 14 of Bulletin 362 of the U. S. Geological Survey, where they were published under "Jamestown No. 6," the mine samples Nos. 5396 and 5397 being also published on the same pages cited.
These 9 analyses, as taken from pages 237 and 238 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with the
Coal And Coke.
air-dried calculation of sample No. 8296, are given under Mine No. 153 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal was undercut in the bed by band and with chain machines, and was shot down with black powder. The tipple wafi equipped with bar screens (14 feet by 6 feet), with 3-inch and l-lnch openings. The coal was picked on the car by four trimmers. The estimated average daily output at time of sampling in 1909 was 950 tons; this was practically a maximum day's run. The future tonnage was to be derived almost entirely from pillars. Thickness, fairly uniform, ranging as mined from 4^ to 5% feet; roof, hard gray shale (good) ; floor, gray shale underclay, with smooth surface."
The following data are taken from pages 20-21 of Bulletin 385 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
"Jamestown No. 6.
"The briquets made from this coal were excellent in their phys- ' ical characteristics and when warm had smooth surfaces, sharp edges, and were sufficiently strong to be loaded on cars direct from the machine. When cold these briquets were hard and firm but somewhat brittle on the edges."
Briquet Tests.
Test No.
Size of coal as used:
Over 1-4 inch per cent.
Through 1-40 inch .*'. per cent.
Details of manufacture:
Machine used
Briquetting temperature "F.
Binder--'
Kind
Amount per cent.
Weight of—
Fuel briquetted pounds
Briquets, average pounds
Heat value per pound:
V.-'OStl uS I CCwlv CO ••••■•••*«««••••«■«■••••■«■■•••«••*■» iJa X • V.' •
XJi 1,U UvLS ««■■■••••*■•«•■■••••■•**••••■••••■••••••■•• J3a X • \J •
Binder B. T. U.
Moisture in briquet mixture per cent.
Held per cent.
Passed per cent.
Held per cent.
Passed per cent.
Fines through 10-mesh sieve per cent.
Weathering test:
Time exposed days
Condition
Water absorption:
Time immersed days
Water absorbed per cent.
Averarge for first four days per cent.
Ji60
I Ehg. 203
6
85
I!
I* It
it 11
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Chemical Analyses of Briquets, Test No. 260 Laboratory No. 5558.
Proximate Per cent.
Moisture 2.15
Volatile Matter. . .' 21.87
Fixed Carbon 71 .13
Ash 4.85
Sulphur 0.81
Ultimate Percent.
Hydrogen 6 .09
Carbon 83.37
Nitrogen 1.53
Oxygen 4.35
Extraction Analyses.
Laboratory No TTI
Air-drying loss per cent.
Extracted by CSj:
Air dried per cent.
As received per cent.
Pitch in briquet as received per cent.
Pitch.
Fuel.
J-6.
Briquets.
Test 260.
Laura Mining Co. "Laura Mine" — No. 154 on Map II.
On west hillside of Dunloup Creek, % mile south of Mine No. 153; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1635' B.; section and data by Teets at mine mouth.
Feet. Inches. Slate and sandstone roof, sometimes one, then
the other
"There is a streak of bone at times from 0" to 8". Principal office, Redstar; used for steam and domestic purposes; shipped east; daily capacity, 30 tons; dally output, 30 tons; number of men employed, 6 miners and 2 laborers; leased from McKell Coal & Coke Co.; always run under this name; have been running 15 years; Just mining pillars; about mined out; A. L. Nelson Superintendent, authority for mine data."
The coal bed was also measured and sampled at three points by H. M. Wolflin, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on June 22, 1909, as given on page 941 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8001) was cut from face of left air-course 4, about 2,700 feet cast of drift mouth; the sample was very wet; thickness of bed, 5' 8^/4"; thickness of coal sampled. 5' 4".
Section B (sample 8002) was cut from room 7 on left entry 5, about 2 800 feet southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 6%".
Section C (sample 8003) was cut from pillar 2 on left entry 2, about 1,800 feet southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 11%'
A composite sample was made by mixing both face and pillar samples 8001, 8002, and 8003. The results of an ultimate analysis of this sample are shown under laboratory No. 8118. The latter analysis, along with an air-dried calculation of the same, was published by Dr. White under No. 4 in Table No. 8 on page 243 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey.
These 4 analyses, as taken from page 237 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with the air-dried calculation of sample No. 8118 mentioned above, are given under Mine No. 154 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal at this mine was undercut by hand, and was shot down with black powder or a short-flame explosive. The tipple had bar screens; these were not in use at time of sampling, all coal being shipped In run-of-mine form. The estimated daily output was about 350 tons, the capacity of the mine being approximately 550 tons. The future output was to be derived from both advance work and pillars. Thickness, closely uniform, ranging as mined from about 4' 30" to 5' 8"; roof, strongly bedded sandstone, locally underlain with a weak clay shale; floor, hard, smooth, shaly underclay."
New River Co. "Collins Mine*'— No. 155 on Map II.
On east hillside of Dunloup Creek, at Glen Jean; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1635' B.; section and data by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, sulphurous 0' 4"
"This mine was originally operated by the Collins Colliery Company, opened about 20 years ago; was taken over by present owners in 1908; lease coal from McKell Coal Co.; used for domestic and steam purposes; shipped east and west; dally capacity, 500 tons; dally output, 450 to 500 tons; number of men employed, 75 miners and 30 laborers; 100 beehive coke ovens, the stone for the construction of which was obtained from the Guyandot Sandstone directly overlying the Sewell Coal ; Ed. Malone, Superintendent, authority for mine data."
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds reported a thickness of 5' 6" of coal when they visited the mine in 1902 for sampling, as given by Dr. White under No. 31 on pages 658 and 660 of Volume II along with the analysis as made by Prof. Hite. This analysis was also republished by Dr. White under the same number on pages 212-213 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. It is given under Mine No. 155 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 739
A sample of the coke manufactured at this mine was also collected by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, the analysis by Prof. Hite being published under No. 4 on pages 663-4 of Volume II and republished under the same number on page 214 of Volume 11(A) and page 249 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. This coke analysis is given under Mine No. 155 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
The coal bed was also measured and sampled at four points in this mine by F. J. Simington, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 9, 1909, and at two points by A. J. Hazlewood, of the same Survey, on August 4, 1909, as given on pages 922-3 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 7923) was cut from room 14, off left entry 12, 7,000 feet north of drift mouth; thickness of hed and of coal sampled, 4' 6".
Section B (eanipie 7922) was cut from room 2, off right entry 5, off main entry 21, 7,000 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 10^^".
Section C (sample 8124) was cut from pillar 18, off right entry 9, off main entry 1, 3,300 feet south of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 2%" .
Section D (sample 8125) was cut from room 2, off left entry 2, off entry 21, 4,000 feet southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' %%",
Section E (sample 8650) was cut from face o^ right entry 6, off entry 21, 4,800 feet southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 1".
Section F (sample 8651) was cut from near face of left entry 9, off entry 21, 4,000 feet east of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 5'8%"; thickness of coal sampled, 5' 2%",
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 7922, 7923, 8124, and 8125 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which* are shown under laboratory No. 8192.
These 7 analyses, as taken from pages 229 and 230 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 155 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal at this mine was undercut in the lower part of the bed by chain machines. The tipple was equipped with screens to give three size of coal: Lump, over 5-inch screen; egg, over 2-inch; and slack through 2-inch. The screenings were coked, the plant having 90 ovens. The average daily output in July, 1909, was 1,100 tons. The thickness of the coal ranges from 4% to 5% feet. The roof is a hard shale. The floor is a soft shaly underclay."
n
Nichol CoUiery Co. "Nichol Mine"— No. 155A on Map II.
On west hillside of Dunloup Creek, 0.4 mile southwest of Glen Jean; Sewell Coal; slope mine, 30 feet in depth; elevation, 1612' L.; section by author as published by Dr. White on page 205 of Volume 11 (A) In 1908.
Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, soft, bright V 8 "
5. Slate, black, 6" to 0 0%
"Greatest rise, S. 55° K,; butts N. 20° W.; faces S. 70° W.; mine capacity, 250 tons; men employed, 40; sample from Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 6, the analysis of which was published by Dr. White under No. 10 on page 215 of Volume 11(A) and republished by him under the same number on page 241 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey; coal all shipped to tidewater for steam purposes; rather harder and makes more lump than most of the Sewell Coal mines; authority for mine data, Jas. Martin, Mine Foreman."
The analysis mentioned above is given under Mine No. 155A in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was also measured and sampled at three points on June 21-24, 1909, by H. M. Wolflin, and at two points on July 31, 1909, by A. J. Hazlewood, of the U. S. Geological Survey, as given on pages 923-4 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8uuu) was cut from face of left entry 4, about 2,800 feet northwest of slope; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 4%".
Section B (sample 8004) was cut from face of right entry 3, about 2,300 feet north of slope; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 11%".
Sectian C (sample 8022) was cut from face of main entry, about 2,750 feet approximately northwest of slope; thickness of bed, 4' 10%"; thickness of coal sampled, 4' 8^^".
Section D (sample 8595) was cut from face of left entry 5, about 2,500 feet from slope; thickness of bed and of coal sampled. 4' 5%".
Section E (sample 8596) was cut from face of right entry 5, about 2,500 feet from slope; thickness of bed and of coal sampled. A' 8".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8000, 8004, and 8022 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8110.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 74I
These 6 analyses, as taken from page 230 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 155A in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal was undercut in the bed with chain machines and by hand, and was shot down with a short-flame explosive. The tipple contained bar screens with IV^-inch and 5-inch openings. The coal was picked on the car. The daily output averaged about 600 tons, and 900 tons was the capacity of the mine. The future output for some time to come was to be derived mainly from advance work. Thickness, nearly uniform, ranging as mined from about 4^ feet to 5^ feet; roof, sandstone, underlain for the most part with hard blue shale; floor, hard^ blue shaly underclay."
White Oak Fuel Co. "Wingrovc Shaft"— No. 156 on Map II.
On west hillside of Whiteoak Creek, at Wingrove; Seweil Coal; elevation, top of shaft, 1715' B.; elevation of coal, 1485' B.
Feet. Inches.
3. Coal, soft 0' 10"
4. Slate, black, %" to 0 0
5. Coal, soft "mining" 0 6
7. Slate, black. Vij" to 0 0
"Greatest rise, S. 40° E.; capacity of mine, 500 tons; men employed. 133; sample from Nos. 3. 5, 6. and 8, the analysis of which was published by Dr. White under No. 9 on page 215 of Volume 11(A) and republished by him under the same number on page 241 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey; coal shipped both east and west for steam and domestic use; authority for mine data, J. W. Wilson, Assistant Superintendent."
The above data were secured at this mine in 1907 by the author and the analysis mentioned therein is given under Mine No. 156 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was also measured and sampled at two points on June 8, 1909, and at one point on July 7, 1909, by F. J. Sim ington, of the U. S. Geological Survey, and at one point on July 31, 1909, by A. J. Hazlewood, of the same Survey, as given on page 945 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 7906) was cut from face of right entry 5, about 2.500 feet northeast of shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 4".
Section B (sample 7907) was cut from face of left entry 4, about 2,500 feet northwest of shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled.
Section C (example 8126) was cut from pillar on main west entry, about 2,600 feet west of shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 0".
Section D (sample 8597) was cut from face of right entry 3, ofT main northwest entry, about 2,000 feet from shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 10".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 7906, 7907, and 8126 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8183. The latter analysis, along with an air-dried calculation of the same, was published by Dr. White under No. 16 in Table No. 8 on page 244 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey.
The above 5 analyses, as taken from page 239 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with the air-dried calculation above mentioned, are given under Mine No. 156 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
*' Notes. — ^The coal was mined with chain machines and punching machines in the bottom part of the bed, and was shot down with a short-flame explosive. The tipple had fixed diamond-bar screens of 2-inch and 5-inch openings. Three sizes of coal were prepared and shipped; lump, over 5-inch openings; egg, over 2-inch openings, and slack, under 2-inch openings. The daily output at time of sampling in 1909 averaged about 400 tons, and 1,000 tons was the capacity of the mine. The future output was to be derived from both advanc«3 work and pillars. Thickness, nearly uniform, ranging as mined from 4' 10" to 5' 5"; roof, gray shale, locally Indurated."
New River Co. "Whipple Shaft"— No. 157 on Map II.
On head of Whiteoak Creek, 0.8 mile N. 5° E. of Whipple Junction; Seweil Coal; depth of shaft, 430 feet; elevation of coal, 1365' B. (U. S. B. M., Bull. 22, p. 957. gives depth of shaft as 456 feet). Section B (sample 7890) by F. J. Simington of the U. S. Geological Survey as published on page 957 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 2' 0 "
Hard gray coal 1 0%
Mother coal 0 0%
Coal 1 11 ... 5 0
This mine was formerly owned by the White Oak Fuel Company.
The bed was also measured and sampled at one other
West Virginia Geological Survey. 743
point on June 5, 1909, by Mr. Simington, and on July 6, 1909, and at one point on August 2, 1909, by A. J. Hazlev^rood, of the U. S. Geological Survey, as given on page 957 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 7889) was cut from heading 1 in rock heading district, about 4,000 feet north of shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 4^".
Section B (sample 7890) given above, was cut from room 14, off entry 16, 3,000 feet west of shaft; thickness of bed sampled, 6' 0".
Section .C (sample 8098) was cut from rib near face of right entry 3, off main dip entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 2".
Section D (sample 8699) was cut from face of left entry 1, ofE Harvey's entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 10 V^".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 7889, 7890, and 8098 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8157. The latter analysis, along with an air dried calculation cf the same, was published by Dr. White under No. 15 in Table Nu 8 on page 244 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey.
The analyses of the 5 samples mentioned above, as taken from pages 244 and 245 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with the air-dried calculation above noted, are given under Mine No. 157 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal was undercut in the bed by punching machines and chain machines, and was shot down with a short-flame explosive. The tipple had shaking screens. Three sizes of coal were prepared and shipped: lump, over 4-inch openings; egg, over 1%-inch openings, and slack, under 1%-inch openings. The daily average output at time of sampling in 1909 was about 600 tons, and 1,000 tons was approximately the capacity of the mine. The future output was to be derived from both advance work and pillars. Thickness, fairly uniform, ranging as mined from about 4' 1" to about 5' 1"; roof, sandstone, underlain for the most part with a hard shale, floor, hard, smooth, shaly underclay."
New River Co. (Formerly White Oak Fuel Co.) "Carlisle Shaft" (Abandoned) Mine— No. 158 on Map II.
On head of Whiteoak Creek, at Carlisle; Sewell Coal; depth of shaft, 440^; elevation of coal, 1350' B.; examined by author. (U. S. B. M. Bull. 22, p. 910, gives depth of shaft aa 475').
Feet. Inches. Coal 4 0
This mine was abandoned during 1916 and all boilers removed, the coal now being taken out from Oakwood Shaft (Mine No. 159).
The bed was also measured and sampled at two points on June 3, 1909, and at one point on July 3, 1909, by F. J. Simington, and at two points on August 6, 1909, by A. J. Hazlewood, of the U. S. Geological Survey, as given on page 910 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 7880) was cut from left airway 1» off main entry* about 3,000 northwest of shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 8".
Section B (sample 7881) was cut from right entry 2. off left entry 2, about 2,000 feet south of shaft; thickness of bed, 4' 3%"; thickness of coal sampled, 4' OW-
Section C (sample 8080) was cut from rib near face of right entry 6, about 2,800 feet south of shaft; thickness of bed, 4' Q^^"; thickness of coal sampled, 3' T^^".
Section D (sample 8702) was cut from face of left entry 1, ofT northwest entry 1, about 2,600 feet from shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 0%".
Section E (sample 8703) was cut from face of right entry 3, about 3,700 feet southwest of shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 5%".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 7880, 7881, and 8080 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8166.
These 6 analyses, as taken from pages 223 and 224 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with an air-dried calculation of the analysis of sample No. 8166 as published by Dr. White under No. 7 in Table No. 8 on page 244 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey, are given under Mine No. 158 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
«i
'Notes. — Three sizes of coal were prepared at this mine: Lump, over 5-inch openings; egg, over 2-inch openings, and slack, under 2 inches in diameter. The lump and egg were mixed and shipped as one pro'duct. The mining was done in the bed entirely by hand, and the coal was shot down with short-flame explosives. The coal was picked on the car by two trimmers. The daily output in 1909 averaged 350 Ions, and 700 tons was approximately the capacity of the mine. Thickness, not very uniform, ranging as mined from 3' 5" to 5' 1"; main roof, sandstone underlain with shale. Floor, shaly underclay of variable hardness."
West Virginia Geological Survey. 745
New River Co. (Formerly White Oak Fuel Co.) "Oakwood
Shaft"— No. 159 on Map II.
On head of Whiteoak Creek, 0.3 mile northwest of Carlisle; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1347' B.; depth of shaft to bottom of Sewell Coal, 478 feet. (U. S. Bureau of Mines gives depth of shaft as 433 feet) .
Feet. Inches.
3. Coal, soft, bright 1' 2 "
6. Coal, soft, bright 2 5 ... 4 6
"Greatest rise, S. 40** E.; mine capacity^ 400 tons; men employed, 90; sample from Nos. 3, 4, 5, and 6, the analysis of which was published by Dr. White under No. 8 on page 215 of Volume 11 (A) and republished by him under the same number on page 241 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey; mine now connected underground with the Carlisle Shaft (Mine No. 158 on Map II) of the same company, the latter being located 3,000 feet southeast of the Oakwood Shaft; coal shipped mostly e&st for steam and domestic uses ; authority for data, J. N. Schweitzer, Superintendent. Charles Thomas, Assistant Superintendent, authority for depth of shaft Shaft starts near the top of the heavy Upper Nuttall? Sandstone.
"At bottom of this shaft the coal is only a streak for about 200 feet both north and east, the 'roll' disappearing west It also extends to the south for about 150 feet when the coal becomes 'cannelly.' "
The above section and mine dat? were collected by the author in 1907 as published by Dr. White on pages 204-5 of Volume 11(A) of the Survey. The analysis of the sample collected by the writer, as reported by Prof. Hite, is given under Mine No. 159 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was also measured and sampled at two points by F. J. Simington on June 2, 1909, and at one point by A. J. Hazlewood on July 28, 1909, both of the U. S. Geological Survey, as given on page 911 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 7876) was cut from face of left entry 1, off main entry, about 3,000 feet northeast of shaft. Thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 10%".
Section B (sample 7877) was cut from room 20 at face of right entry 1, about 4,000 feet north of shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' eVg".
Sectlan C (sample 8171) was cut from room 4 off right entry 2, about 2,000 feet from shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 91/2".
Section D (sample 8606) was cut from room 4 off right entry 2, about 3,500 feet from shaft; thickness of bed, 3' 8^^"; thickness or coal sampled, 3' 6%".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 7876 and 7877. The results of an ultimate analysis of this sample are shown under laboratory No. 8251.
These 5 analyses, as taken from page 224 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau pf Mines, are given under Mine No. 159 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal was mined by hand in the rooms and by punching machines in the entries. The tipple at the time of inspection m 1909 was equipped with screens of the fixed diamond-bar pattern. Three sizes were made and shipped from this mine: Lump, over 5-inch openings; egg, over 2-inch openings, and slack. The coal was picked on the car by two trimmers. The daily output averaged about 700 tons. It was derived almost entirely from advance work. Thickness, fairly uniform, ranging as mined from about 3' 6" to about 5 feet; roof, shale ; floor, shale, sometimes soft. Cover, for the most part, more than 500 feet."
New River Co. (Formerly White Oak Fuel Co.) 'Scarbro" Shaft— No. 160 on Map II.
«<
On branch of Wlilteoak Creek, % mile S. 50° W. of Whipple Junction; Seweli Coal; elevation, 1350' B.; depth of shaft, 430 feet. (XT. S. Bureau of Mines Bull. 22, p. 944, gives depth of shaft as 400 feet); correlation verified by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 2' 1 "
Hard gray coal 0 11
Coal 1 4% ... 4 4%
The bed was measured and sampled at two points on June 7, 1909, and at one point on July 7, 1909, by F. J. Simington, of the U. S. Geological Survey, as given on pages 944-5 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 7895) was cut from face of main southwest entry, about 4,500 feet southwest of shaft; thickness of bed, 5' 6%"; thickness of coal sampled,- 4' GV^".
Section B (aample 7896) given above was cut from right entry 3, off main north entry, about 3,500 feet northeast of shaft.
Section C (sample 8128) was cut from pillar No. 2, ofF right entry 2, oft main northeast entry, about 4,000 feet east of shaft; thickness of bed, 5' 3"; thickness of coal sampled, 3' 7".
West Virginia Geological Survey. 747
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 7895, 7896, and 8128 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8187. The latter analysis, along with an air-dried calculation of the same was published by Dr. White under No. 29 in Table No. 8 on page 245 of Bulletin 2 of W. Va. Geological Survey.
These 4 analyses, as taken from page 239 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with the above-mentioned air-dried calculation of sample No. 8187, are given under Mine No. 160 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal was undercut In bottom part of bed to some extent by machines, but chiefly by hand^ and was shot down with a sihort-flame explosive. Three sizes of coal' were prepared: Lump, over 5-inch screens; egg, over 2-inch screens, and slack; only two sizes, however, were being shipped at time of sampling, the lump and egg being mixed and shipped as one product. The screens were of the fixed diamond-bar pattern. The daily output in 1909 averaged about 650 tons, and 900 tons was a maximum day's run. The output in the immediate future was to be derived almost entirely from pillars. Thickness, fairly uniform, ranging as mined from about 4' 2" to 5' 8"; roof, strongly bedded sandstone, sometimes underlain with shale; floor, hard shale."
New River Collieries Co. (Formerly Sun Coal & Coke Co.) "Sun No. 1" Mine— No. 161 on Map II.
On north bank of Bend Branch of Dunloup Greek, east edge of Sun; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1550' L.; elevation of surface, 1660' L. Shaft 110' deep; section and data by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, gas 2' 7"
Bone 0 6
Mine data. Sun Nos. 1 and 2 (Nos. 161 and 162, respectively, on Map II) : 25 per cent, of coal is cut by mining machines; electric and mule haulage; used for steam and domestic purposes; shipped east and west; output, 1500 tons daily; capacity, 2000 tons daily; number of men employed, 160 miners and 130 laborers; mine opened in 1893 by Sun CoaJ & Coke Company; later operated by New River Smokeless Company In 1900; and by present owners since 1907.
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds collected a sample of coal from this mine, the analysis of which, as reported by Prof. Hite, was published by Dr. White under No. 24 on pages 658-9 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number
on pages 212-213 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey. This analysis is given under Mine No. 161 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter. The thickness of coal reported by Brady and Edmonds in the references cited was 5' 2".
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds also collected a sample of the coke made at this mine, the results of an analysis of which by Prof. Hite were published by Dr. White under No. 7 on pages 663-4 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 214 of Volume 11(A) and page 249 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey. This analysis is given under Mine No. 161 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
Two sections of the bed were measured and sampled by J. S. Burrows of the U. S. Geological Survey in 1904. Section A (1197) was measured at the face of the left main heading and Section B (sample 1198) was measured at the face of th* main entry of "the Straight". At both sections the coal was 5' 2" thick, without shale partings.
Samples 1595 and 1609 were of 10 tons and 5 tons of run-of-mine coal, respectively.
Sample No. 1401 was from sample used in making boiler test No. 51.
Sample No. 1607 was from sample used in gas-producer test No. 23.
Sample No. 1398 was from sample used in coke test No. 7.
These 7 analyses were first published in Professional Paper No. 48 of the U. S. Geological Survey, page 255, the first 4 being republished in Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, page 241.
The bed was also measured and sampled at six points by H. M. Wolflin (of the U. S. Geological Survey), on July 7 to 9, 1909, as given on page 950 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8099) was cut from face of left air-course 9. off main entry, about 3,200 feet approximately southeast of No. 2 shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 11%".
Section B (sample 8206) was cut from face of left entry 7, oft main entry, about 2,500 feet southeast of No. 2 shaft; thickness of bed, 6' 3"; thickness of coal sampled, 6' 0".
Section C (sample 8207) was cut from face of left air-course 9, oft Carline entry, about 2,600 feet approximately northeast of No. 2 shaft; thickness of coal sampled, 4' 10^".
West Virginia Geological Survey. 749
\ Section D (sample 8208) was cut from room 15, off right entry 11, off main entry, about 3,000 feet northeast of No. 2 shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' iW-
Section E (sample 8209) was cut from face of left entry 3, off Simpson entry, about 2,800 feet south of No. 2 shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 8''.
Section F (sample 8210) was cut from Tucker's main air-course, opposite left entry 10, off Tucker entry, about 3,700 feet southeast of No. 1 slope; thiclmess of bed and of coal sampled, 5' OV^".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8099, 8206, 8207, 8208, 8209, and 8210, for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8291. The latter analysis, along with an air-dried calculation of the same, was published by Dr. White under No. 5 in Table No. 8 on page 243 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey.
The analyses of these samples were published on pages 241-242 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
The bed was also measured and sampled at three points by A. J. Hazlewood, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on August 27, 1909, as given on pages 950-1 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines; Samples Nos. SO, 51, and 52, each taken in the face of Simpson entry. A composite sample was made by mixing samples SO, 51, and 52 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 127. These four analyses are published on page 242 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Thickness of bed 5' 10 " 5' 11 " 6' 0 "
The bed was also measured and sampled at two points on December 13, 1909, by P. M. Riefkin, of the U. S. Geological Survey, as given on page 951 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Samples 9614 and 9615 were both taken from the face of Collins heading, off right entry 8, both being wet when taken; thickness of bed, sample 9614, 4' 4%"; sample 9615, 4' 8^"; thickness of coal sampled, sample 9614, 3' 914"; sample 9615, 4' 7*^".
The analyses of these two samples were published on page 242 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
7So Coal And Coke.
The above 20 analyses taken from the references cited art given under Mine No. 161 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal was undercut in the bed, usually by hand and occasionally with chain machines, and was shot down with black powder. There were two tipples at this mine; the one at the shaft (known as No. 2 Opening) was equipped with bar screens with 1-lnch, 1^-inch, 3-inch, and 5-inch openings. The slack was taken by belt elevator to boiler-house where there was a large storage bin, and from there was taken to coke ovens as needed. The tipple at tne slope (known as No. 1 Opening) was also equipped with bar screens with l^/^-inch and 4-lnch openings, but these screens were not in use, all screened coal being prepared at No. 2 tipple. The coal was picked on the car. The daily output from both openings averaged about 1,200 tons, and an increase was probable. The capacity was about 2,500 to 3,000 tons. The future output was to be derived principally from advance work."
Some of the above samples would appear to have been taken from "Sun No. 2" Shaft (No. 162 on Map II), since the "Notes" refer to both openings, and also the locations where samples 8099, 8206, 8207, 8208, 8209 were taken are oriented from No. 2 shaft.
"For results of tests of this coal, see mention of specific tests as follows — steaming tests: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 48, p. 873; Bull. 261, p. 82; Bureau of Mines Bull. 23, p. 69; producer-gas tests: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 48, p. 1248; Bureau of Mines Bull. 13, pp. 216, 276; coking tests: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 48, p. 1361; Bull. 261, p. 128; cupola tests of coke, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 48, p. 1383; chemical analyses. Bureau of Mines Bull. 22, pp. 241, 242; also U. S. G^ol. Survey Prof. Paper 48, p. 255; Bull. 261, p. 56."
A number of these tests, taken from the above references, are given on the following pages.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Steaming Tests.
Test No. 51. — Regular and special observations on test of West Virginia No. 7 coal, November 10, 1904.
Regular.
(Duration of trial, 10.183 hours).
&
-a
Temperatures.
o
c o
c u
u jj
"5
u -2
cr. «M c3 o
bfl
Calorimeter.
Draft Pressures.
Flue gases.
•
It
•o
M
In
para nutc
'•v
«E
i
1°
>•-
o
Lbs. 83 83 79 82 88 82 85 85 79 83 80 86 79 83 84 86 85 80 83 85 84 80 84 85 81 83 81 82 84 83 83 87 84
•F.
"F.
•F. 525 555 562 558 555 558 570 563 557 585 573 562 5601 558 565 565 565 672 563 525 560 565 600 605 600 695 583 570 592
Lbs.
Lbs.
P.C.
P.C.
P.C.
88
"'87 38 87 88 88 89 39 39 S9| 39 40 40 40 42 42 41 42 42 41 42 41
48
""is
53
'" 75 67 6? 61 60 59 59 59 60 60 60 61 63 03 62 62 62 62 62 63 62 62 62 62 64 62
0
0
'ii!i
0
0
0
'8.*4*
0
0
t
Total Aver.ijfe
83
l.llTi 40
0
Coal And Coke.
Test No. 51. — Regular and special observations on test of West Virginia No. 7 coal, November 10, 1904 — Continued.
Special.
Time.
start,
43
30
Close
Height of Water.
Weight of coal burned.
In tank.
In igagc
glass.
During p>eriod.
Tptal.
36
38
40
Inches. 4
SVa 3J4 4
Pounds. I Pounds
Weight of water fed to boiler.
During period.
Pounds.
2,264' 3,634 5,108 6,763 6,979 6,360 6.221 4.638 6,070 5.820 8,792 480
Pounds.
Record Of Furnace Conditions.
Time I Observation.
Time | Observation.
toiler under a loatl during night.
12:10 Fire raked, 14 inches thick.
Fre raked, 14 inches thick.
7:33 'Test started, fire 3^ inches thick.
Cleaning fire.
Fire cleaned, 6 inches thick.
8:24 JFire raked. 10 inches thick.
' 1:50
Fire raked, 10 inches thick.
8:59 'Fire raked, 14 inches thick.
Fire raked. 12 inches thick.
Fire raked, 14 inches thick.
' 2:27
Fire raked. 12 inches thidc.
Fire raked, 14 inches thick.
' 2:45
Fire raked, 12 inches thidc.
10:21 IFire raked, 14 inches thick.
1 3:15 'Fire raked. 14 inches thick.
10:57 'Fire raked, 14 inches thick.
Fire raked, 14 inches thick.
Fire raked, 14 inches thick.
Fire sliced.
Fire raked, 14 inches thick.
Fire raked, 14 inches thick.
' 4:58
Cleaning fire.
Fire raked.
Fire cleaned, 5 inches thick.
' r>:44
Test closetl. fire 354 inches thick.
Ash wliite and of light weight. Coal
burned
with short white flame. 100 firings
during test.
Designation and origin of fuel :
Designation of roal VV
D«
At
Size 0
Condit
ssienation of bed
1 Sewell
or near
Sun Run-of-minc.
f fuel as shipped
ion of fuel as fired:
Annearance
State of weather:
No
2
Plain
of grate or stoker
Trial:
D; Di Grate
ite
Df draft
Natural
je pressure:
Bj
St
"
''Small coal 40 i>er cent., slack. 60 per cent.
Wkst Virginia Geological Survey.
Force of draft Cinches of water; :
blood
Furnace
Under fire
External air
Fire room
Steam
Feed water
In tank
Entering hoiler
Escaping gases
F'urnace
F'uel :
5C.0
I
As fired
Dry
Ash and refuse —
Actual weight of ash
Analyses of ash and coal f
Proximate analysis of fuel as fired (per cent.):
Moisture
Volatile
Fixed Carbon
Ash
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulphur
Ash
Carbon
Earthy matter
Dry
Combustible determined from —
.Actual weight of ash
Analyses of ash and coal
Dry per sq. ft. of grate area »
Combustible per sq. ft. of water-heating surface determined from —
Actual weight of ash
Analysis of ash
Calorific value of fuel per pound (B. T. U.) : By oxygen calorimeter —
Dry fuel
Combustible
By analysis —
Dry fuel
Combustible
Moisture
Water evaporation:
Total weight
Equivalent from and at 212* F I
Actually corrected for quality of steam (lbs.) j
Factor |
Equivalent converted into dry steam from and at 212* F. (lbs.) '
Corrected for quality of steam ,
Equivalent from and at 212* F". —
Total
Per sq. ft. of water-heating surface
Horse-power:
Developed on test
Builders' rating
Per cent, of rated horse-power developed
Coal And Coke.
£^conomic results (pounds of water evaporated per pound of fuel): |
Apparent under actual conditions as fired | 8.05
Equivalent from and at 212* F. —
As fired 9.58
Dry 9.85
Combustible determined from —
Actual weight of ash 10.74
Analysis of ash and coal 11 . 18
Boiler, from actual weight of ash 65 . 94
Boiler, from analysis of ash and coal 68 .64
Boiler and grate 66.49
Kind of firing r Alternate
Methods of firing:
Interval between — |
Times of leveling or breaking up (hours)
Pounds of dry gases F>cr pound of combustible
Heat balance:
British Thermal Unit*—
Total
Absorbed |
Loss of heat due to— Moisture —
In fuel
Of burning hydrogen
Carried away in dry gases
Incomplete combustion of carbon ,
Radiation and other losses |
Per cent.: j
Absorbed by boiler ,
Loss of heat due to— Moisture —
In fuel
Of burningg hydrogen
Carried away in dry gases
Incomplete combustion of carbon |
Radiation and other losses I
14
39
0
25
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West Virginia Geological Survey..
West Virginia No. 7, test 23.— (Mine No. 161 on Map II). This fuel was of high grade and it proved an excellent producer coal, yielding a rich gas of uniform quality.
Scwcll Sun
Run-of-mine
Designation of fuel West Virginia No. 7
Origin of fuel sample:
Name of bed
Location of mine or deposit
Size of fuel:
As shipped , ,
Proximate analysis of fuel as fired- (per cent.) :
Moisture
Volatile Matter
Fixed Carbon
Ash
Total fuel charged to producer (pounds) : *
As fired
Dry
Combustible
As fired
Dry
Combustible
In producer plant —
As fired
. Dry
Combustble
Per square foot of fuel-bed area —
.As fired
Dry
Combustiblr
Per pound —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
Per hour as fired
.Standard gas (at 62" F. and 14.7 pounds pressure) — Per pound of fuel —
As fired
Dry
Per cubic foot
Per brake horse-power hour
British Thermal Units equivalent to stated horse-power per minute:
Gas
Indicated
Brake
Electricarl
Meter per hour
Standard gas (at 62* F. and 14.7 pounds pressure) —
Total
Per hour
Per pound of fuel charged — In producer —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
Total used by producer plant —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
Standard gas consumed per horse-power hour (cubic feet) :
Indicated 80 . 3
Brake 93.3
Electrical 109. 7
76o
Coal Axu Coke.
Co,
O-
C,H4
Co
N,
Gas horse-power
Revolutions per minute of gas engine
Explosions per minute per cylinder
Indicated horse-power:
Indicator card pressures (pounds per square inch) — Maximum — Cylinder Cylinder Cylinder At release — Cylinder Cylinder Cylinder Mean effective pressure —
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Total
Brake horse-power:
Developed at engine
Commercially available
Electrical horse-power:
Developed at switchboard
Commercially arvailable
Economic results: Fuel charged in producer per horse-i>owcr hour
(pounds) : Per brake horse-jwwer — Developed at engine —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
Commercially available —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
Per electrical horse-power —
Developed at switchboard- -
As fired «...
Dry
Combustible
Commercially available —
As fired I
Dry
Combustible '
Economic results: Total fuel used by producer plant per horse-power |
Per brake horse-power — j
Developed at engine — 1
As fired I
Dry I
Combustible I
Commercially available —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
Per electrical horse-power —
Developed at switchboard —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Commcrciarlly available —
As fired
Dry
Combustible
Auxiliary power used by producer plant:
Total
Per hour
Fuel equivalent of steam per hour —
As fired >
Dry
Combustible
Of conversion and cleaning gas
Of producer plant
Thermal, based on stated horse-power and gas horse-power —
Brake
Electrical .....'
Of entire plant based on £. H. P., commercially available and fuel consumed
COKING TESTS. West Virginia No. 7. Mine 161 on Map 11. '
Coking test No. 37. — Run-of-mine coal from the New River Smokeless Coal Company, Sun, W. Va.
This test was made on unwashed coal, the charge weighing 8,000 pounds. It produced 5,119 pounds, or 64 per cent., of coke of good
size and quality, hut rather dark in color.
■
Anaiytis of West Virginia No. 7 coal.
Character of coal
Chemical laboratory number
Moisture Per cent.
Volatile matter Per cent.
Fixed carbon Per cent.
Ash Per cent.|
Sulphur Per cent.1
Remarks I Used in coking
I test No. 87
Unwashed
(Poking test and coke production.
When charRcd 1 Nov. 10, 1 p. m.
When drawn j Nov. 12, 9 a. m.
Time in oven Hours
Larrge coke Lbs.
Medium coke Lbs.
Total coke made Lbs.
lireezc and ash Lbs.
Per cent, of yield:
Large
Medium «
Total
Breeze and ash
44
COAL AND coke;
Phiytical and chemical properties of colce produced.
Grams in 1 cubic foot:
Dry
Wet
Pounds in 1 cubic foot:
Dry
Wet
Percentage by volume:
Coke
Cells
Compressive strength per cubic inch (one-fourth ultimate
Height of furnace charge supported without crushing Feet
Hardness
Specific gravity
Chemical laboratory number
Chemical analysis:
Moisture Per cent.
Volatile matter Per cent
Fixed carbon. Per cent.
Ash Per cent.
Sulphur '. Per cent.
Phosphorus Per cent.
44
60
S36
"A good-sized coke, having all the appearance of a good fuel» was produced. Ash, sulphur, and phosphorus show up well, though the coke is softer than standard Connellsville coke, and its cell structure rather high. It has good hurden-bearing qualities, but breaks up into small pieces with repeated handling."
Cupola Teste of Colce.
West Virginia No. 7. — Run-of-mine coal from the New River Smokeless Coal Company, Sun, W. Va. This test was made on unwashed coal, the charge weighing 8,000 pounds. It produced 5,119 pounds, or 64 per cent., of good size and quality, but rather dark in color.
Foundry test No. 2 on ooke made from West Virginia No. 7 coal (unwashed), November 22, 1904.
(Coke from New River Smokeless Coal Company, Sun, W. Va.
Analysis Of Coke.
Per cent.
Sulphur 1.03
Sulphur in ash 085
Volatile carbon 1 .23
Fixed carbon 90.40
Ash 7.70
Phosphorus 006
Moisture 67
Specific gravity, 1.80.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Coke ..: Pig iron Scrap . .
Charge.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Total
1
2
Record Of Melt.
Blast pressure averaged 7%, ounces. Blast on. 12:43 p. m. Iron running, 12:53 p. m. Iron in 10 minutes.
Pounds.
Ladle No. Ladle No. Ladle No. 3 Ladle No. 4 Ladle No. 5 Ladle No. 6 Ladle No. 7 Ladle No. 8 Ladle No. 9 Ladle No. 10 Ladle No. 11 Ladle No. 12 Ladle No. 13 Ladle No. 14 Ladle No. 15 Ladle No. 16 Ladle No. 17 Ladle No. 18 Ladle No. 19 Ladle No. 20 Ladle No. 21
1:11 p. m, 1:12 p. m. 1:13 p. m. 1:14 p. m. 1:15 p. m. 1:17 p. m. 1:18 p. m.
83
28
56
10
Total iron poured 2,107
Iron recovered 475
Melting loss, 13.9 per cent.
Fluidity strips ran up very poorly. Iron dull. Results not satisfactory.
New River Collieries Co. (Formerly Sun Coal & Coke Co.) Sun No. 2 Shaft"— No. 162 on Map II.
**i
On nortii bank of Bend Branch of Dunloup Creek, ^ mile west of Mine No. 161; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1630' L.; shaft, 150' deep. Section as reported by M. E. Kent, General Superintendent, to Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate draw 0 8
Coal ' 2' 4"
Bone 0 5
For mine data and other information concerning analyses, see description of Mine No. 161. There are 120 coke ovens at this mine and No. 161.
Laboratory No. 8291 was a composite sample made by mixing 6 samples taken from 6 different points in the Sun Mine (No. 1 and No. 2) and was published by Dr. White under No. 5 in Table No. 8 on page 243 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey. This analysis is given under Mine No. 161 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
McKell Coal & Coke Co. "Derryhale Mine"— No. 163
on Map II.
On Dunloup Creek, at Derryhale; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1670' B.; .section by Teets at drift mouth; data by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, sometimes sandstone, roof
Coal, sulphurous 0' 4"
"Mine is 23 feet by hand-level above Derryhale Station; coal shipped east to Newport News for steam purposes; output, 3&0 tons daily; capacity, 420 tons daily; number of men employed, 43 miners and 26 laborers; electric haulage; this mine has always been run under the above name and has been in operation 18 or 19 years; coal owned by this company; Wm. Cochran. Mine Superintendent, authority for mine data."
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds collected a sample of the coal from this mine for analysis by Prof. Hite, the results being published by Dr. White under No. 26 on pages 658 and 660 of Volume II and republished by him under ihe same number on pages 212-213 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey. They also reported the thickness of the coal as S' 10j4". This analysis is given under Mine No. 163 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was measured and sampled at three points by H. M. Wolflin, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on June 23, 1909. as given on page 913 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 765
Section A (sample 8005) was cut from the face of right entry 8, off the new main entry, 3,100 feet south of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 5' 6"; thickness of coal sampled, 5' 1%".
Section B (sample 8006) was cut from the face of room 10, on left entry 5, off the new main entry, 3,500 feet southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 5' b%"; thickness of coal sampled, 5' 4%".
Section C (sample 8023) was cut from a pillar In room 21, in Price's air-course, 3,800 feet northwest of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 7%".
A composite sample w^as made by mixing both the pillar c»nd the face samples, 8005, 8006, and 8023. The results of an ultimate analysis of this sample are shown under laboratory No. 8113. The latter analysis, together with an air-dried calculation of the same, was published by Dr. White under No. 8 in Table No. 8 on page 244 of Bulletin 2 of the West Virginia Geological Survey.
The bed was also measured and sampled at two points in the mine by K. M. Way, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on September 23, 1907, as given on pages 913-914 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 5404-) was measured in the face of an air-course, 3,500 feet northwest of the mine mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled. 4' 10%".
Section B (sanr^ple 5431) was measured in left entry 4, off the new main entry. 3,000 feet southeast of the drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 6V&".
These 6 analyses, together with the air-dried calculation of sample No. 8113 and the analyses of two samples (car) of run-of-mine coal shipped to the Norfolk, Virginia, Fuel-Testing Plant, as taken from page 225 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 163 in Table 3 at ihe end of this Chapter. The analyses of mine samples 5404 and 5431 and of car sample 5501 were previously published on page 15 of Bulletin 362 of the U. S. Geological Survey.
"Notes. — The coal from this mine, like that from other mines in the field, is a noted steam coal, and the output in 1909 was sold chiefly for steam productioii. The coal was undercut both by hand and with chain machines in the bottom part of the bed, and was shot down with short-flame explosives and black powder. The tipple was not equipped with screens, so that the entire output was shipped as run-of-mine coal. This is a coking coal, but there were no ovens at this plant. The coal was picked on the car. The daily output in June, 1909, averaged 500 tons, and 750 tons was the maximum day's run.
Coal And Coke.
The future output for some time to come was to be derived mainly from advance work. At this mine the bed lies nearly flat. Thickness, fairly uniform, ranging as mined from 4' 6" to 5' 6"; roof, shale, varying from 0 to 6 feet and capped with a heavy-bedded sandstone; roof rarely falls with the coal; floor, fairly hard clay with smooth surface; ocver. for the most part, 50 to 200 feet thick.'
It
The following details are taken from pages 21-22 of Bulletin 385 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
''Briquettlng Tests, Jamestown No. 7 (Mine No. 163).
"Sample consisted of three cars of semi-bituminous run-of-mme coal * * *. The briquets made on the American machine from this coal with 7 per cent of binder (Lab. No. 5663) stood the cohesion tests better than those made on the ESnglish machine with 6 per cenL of the same binder. Both were excellent briquets, gave fine metallic rings when struck, had smooth, firm surface, broke with difficulty, and had a firm glossy fracture."
Briquet Tests.
Test No. ." --i-:' _• l- l^ v: /:• -jj^mlt'
Size of coal as used: Y
Over 1-4 inch Per cent I
Through 1-40 inch Per cent.
Details of manufacture:
Machine used
Briquetting temperature "I*'.
Binder —
Kind
Amount Per cent, i
Weight of—
Fuel briquetted Pounds
Hriquets, average Pounds
Heat value per pound —
Coai as received B. T. U.j
briquet mixture Per cent.
Per cent.
Passed Per cent.
Held Per cent
Passed Per cent'
Fines through 10-mesh sieve Per cent
Weathering test:
Time exposed days
Condition
Water absorption:
Time immersed days
Water absorbed Per cent.
.\veragc for first four days Per cent.
Briquets Binder Moisture in Drop test (1- Held
Eng. 198
W. G. P. 560S 0
Am.
W. G. P. 5563
35
1 u
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Chemical Atnalyset of Briquets.
Test No ......I
No,
Laboratory Proximate
Moisture Per cent
Volatile matter Per cent.
Fixed carbon Per cent.
Ash Per cent.
Sulphur Per cent.
Ultimate:
Hydrogen Per cent.
Carbon Per cent.
Nitrogen Per cent.
Oxygen Per cent.
Extraction Arvalytea.
Laboratory No
Air-drying loss Per cent
Extracted by CSa:
Air dried Per cent.
As received Per cent.
Pitch in briquet as received . . . , Per cent.
Briquets.
"5583 2.10
&,094 4,990 5.12
Test 262. 5559 0.30
New River Coal & Coke Co. No. 1 Mine (Formerly Dunloup Coal & Coke Co.) (Abandoned)— No. 164 on Map II.
On east hillside of Dunloup Creek, at southeast edge of Dunloup; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1730' B.; section by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, page 658, Volume II, of W. Va. Geological Surrey.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 5 , 1
The analysis of a sample of coal collected at this mine by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite, and published by Dr. White under No. 32 on pages 658 and 660 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 212-213 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 164 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
New River Coal & Coke Co. No. 2 Mine ("Dunloup Mine")—
No. 165 on Map II.
On north hillside of Adkins Branch, % mile southeast of Dunloup; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1850' B.; section by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone
Slate, draw, 6" to 1 6
Coal, sulphurous 0' 4"
"Principal office, Macdonald; used for domestic and steam purposes; shipped east; output, 750 tons daily; capacity, 900 tons daily; number of men employed, 110 miners and 65 laborers; electric haulage; A. S. Thompson, Mine Foreman, authority for data."
The bed was measured and sampled at two points on June 17, 1909, by J. J. Rutledge and H. M. Wolflin, and at three points on July 29, 1909, by A. J. Hazlewood, ot the U. S. Geological Survey, as given on pages 915-916 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 7984) was cut from the face of right entry 1, off entry 4, about 3,550 feet northeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 6' 0%"; thickness of coal sampled, 5' 9%".
Section B (sample 7985) was cut from right entry 10, about 5,200 feet east of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 3V8'^
Section C (sample 8603) was cut from break-through 50 feet from face of mdin entry, 4,000 feet from drift mouth; thickness of b**d and of coal sampled. 5' 8V2".
Section D (aample 8604) was cut from face of right entry 2, 2,000 feet from second drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 9Vi".
Section E (sample 8605) was cut from face of right entry 1, off entry 4, about 3,600 feet northeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' ^W-
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8603, 8604 and 8605 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8744.
These 6 analyses, as taken from page 226 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 165 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal was mined entirely by hand — ^usually in the middle of the bed — and was shot down generally with black powder, though sometimes permissible explosives were used. The daily output in July, 1909, averaged about 800 tons; the capacity of the mine was about 1,000 tons. The future output was to be derived from advance work for several years. Dunloup No. 1 mine is 1^6 miles distant; it was nearly exhausted but still contained some pillar coal. It was not w^orking and not accessible at the time of visiting No. 2 mine. Thickness, nearly uniform, varying as mined from 5' 4" to 6' 3"; main roof, sandstone, between which and the coal is a weak shale, which in places falls with the coal; the floor is a shaly underclay with, smooth surface."
The bed was also measured and sampled at five points in the mine by J. J. Rutledge, of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, on July 10, 1912, as given on pages 346-7 of Bulletin 85 of the last-mentioned Bureau.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 769
Section A (sample 14383) was measured at the last break-through, to the right on the fifth main entry, 500 feet northeast of the mouth of the fifth main entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 8V^'\
Section B (sample 14384) was measured at the face of room 20, off right entry 4, off fourth main entry, 1,600 feet southeast of the mouth of the fourth main entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' T.
Section C (sample 14385) was measured at the face of room 2, off the first left air-course off the sixth main entry, 1,200 feet east of the mouth of the sixth main entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 8".
Section D (sample 14387) was measured at the face of room 5, off the air-course of the third main entry, 500 feet southeast of the mouth of the third main entry; thickness of bed, 5' 2"\ thickness of coal sampled, 5' 1".
Section E (sample 14388) was measured on pillar 17 on the sixth main entry, 1,040 feet southeast of the mouth of the sixth main entry.
Two composite samples were made: (1) by mixing samples 14383, 14384 and 14385 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 14386; (2) by mixing samples 14387 and 14388 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 14389.
These 7 analyses, as taken from page 111 of Bulletin 85 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 165 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The Dunloup No. 2 mine is opened by six drift entries, and the coal from these various openings all goes to the same tipple. The coal is mined by the room-and-pillar system. At the time the mine was visited the coal was undercut by hand and shot down with FFF black blasting powder and permissible explosives. Thirty per cent, dynamite was used for brushing the roof. The tipple was equipped with shaking screens with openings 5^ by 3^/^ inches and 2% by 11/^ inches in size. Pickers were employed for picking the coal on a traveling belt. The daily production of the mine was 1,000 tons. The coal had a good appearance on the cars, the lumps being large but slightly broken by the loading system. There were 3 loading tracks, with a capacity for 29 empty and 32 loaded cars. All of the coal was shipped as run-of-mine. About 50 per cent, of the coal was obtained from new workings and the remainder from the older parts of the mine. Average thickness, 5' 6"; dip, 1%** northwest; roof 'draw slate* 4 to 6 inches thick, above which is a stratum of soft gray shale. There is a sandstone cap rock 20 feet above the coal. Floor, smooth, hard fire clay, and shale. Cover at points of sampling, 75 to 200 feet."
New River Coal & Coke Co. No. 5 Mine (Formerly Dunloup Coal & Coke Co.)— No. 166 on Map II.
On north hillside of Adkins Branch, 0.9 miles southeast of Dunloup; 8ewetl Coal; elevation, 1945' B.
Feet. Inches.
Slate and sandstone roof
Coal, sulphurous 0' 4"
'The sulphur at top of coal disappears when coal has a slate roof.
•f
Turkey Knob Coal & Coke Co. "Turkey Knob" Mine— No.
On a branch of Dunloup Creek, at Turkey Knob; Sewell Coal; elevation, I860' B.; section by Teets near mouth of main heading.
Feet. Inches.
Slate and sandstone
"Used for domestic and steam purposes; shipped East and West; output, 700 tons daily; capacity, 700 tons daily; number of men employed, 85 miners and 70 laborers; 100 beehive coke ovens; 150 cars of coke per month; electric haulage; lease coal from McKell Coal Company; A. R. Jones, Mine Foreman, authority for data. The coke ovens at this plant were built from the Guyandot Sandstone directly over the Sewell Coal at this point. The quarry has now fallen over."
The analysis of a sample of coal from this mine, collected by Messrs. A. P. Brady and R. W. Edmonds and analyzed by Prof. Hite, was published by Dr. White under No. 27 on pages 658 and 660 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 212-213 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2. This analysis is given under Mine No. 167 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds also collected a sample of the coke manufactured at this mine, the results of an analysis of which by Prof. Hite were published by Dr. White under No. 5 on pages 663-4 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 214 of Volume 11(A) and page 249 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. This analysis is given under Mine No. 167 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was measured and sampled at four points by H. M. Wolflin, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on June 25 and 27,
West V'Irginia Geological Survey. 77 1
1909, as given on pages 956-7 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8035) was cut from the face of left entry 15, about 6,000 feet southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 6' bli".
Section B (san^ple 8036) was cut from room 10, off right entry 14, about 6,000 feet southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 7i^".
Section C (example 8048) was cut from face of haulway, ofE right entry 7, about 4,000 feet southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' i^".
Sectlo«i D (sample 8047) was cut from pillar in room 19 on left entry 12, 5,400 feet east of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' OW-
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8035, 8036, 8047, and 8048 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8103.
These 5 analyses, as taken from page 244 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with an air-dried calculation of sample No. 8103 as published under No. 14 on page 244 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey, are given under Mine No. 167 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal from this mine, like that from many others in this field, is soft and friable, and in ordinary mining operations makes rather a high percentage of slack. This slack was finely crushed and coked in beehive ovens. The coal was undercut, usually with pick, in bottom part of bed, and was shot down with black powder. The tipple was equipped with bar and shaking screens and a crusher for treating the slack. The dally output at time of sampling in 1909 averaged about 625 tons, and the capacity was approximately 800 tons. The future output was to be derived from both advance work and pillars. Thickness rather variable, ranging as mined from -6 feet 5 inches to 4 feet 4 inches; roof, clay shale (locally of sandstone), underlain with hi inch to 3 inches of draw clay shale; floor, hard, gray, shaly clay with smooth surface; cover, for the most part, 100 to 150 feet thick, possibly more,"
New River Coal & Coke Co. "Macdonald Mine"— No. 168 on
Map II.
•
On east hillside of Dunloup Greek, at Macdonald; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1805' B.; section by Teets near pit mouth.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, sometimes sandstone, 4' 0" to 0 6
Coal, sulphurous, when sandstone
roof 0' 4"
Coal, gas, soft, columnar 4 9 .' 5 1
Slate
y'J2 COAL AND COKE.
"This mine has been in operation about 27 years and has always run under the above name; used for domestic and steam purposes; shipped east and west; output, 300 tons daily; capacity, 500 tons daily; number of men employed, 40 miners and 23 laborers; electric haulage; coal is leased from the McKell Coal Company; 124 beehive coke ovens, not in use now; J. B. Beard, Tipple Boss, authority for mine data. The Macdonald coke ovens were made from the Welch Sandstone directly under the Sewell Coal, some 2t) to ^0 feet of it being used. The sandstone is broken up with veins in all directions and comes out in small blocks."
A sample of coal from this mine was collected by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds and analyzed by Prof. Hite, the analysis being published by Dr. White under No. 34 on pages 658 and 660 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 212-213 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. This analysis is given under Mine No. 168 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds also collected a sample of the coke made at this mining plant, the analysis of which by Prof. Hite being published by Dr. White under No. 6 on pages 663-4 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 214 of Volume 11(A) and page 249 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. This analysis is given under Mine No. 168 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was measured and sampled at two points by J. W. Groves and W. J. von Borries of the U. S. Geological Survey on October 24, 1905, as given on page 931 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 2359) was measured in room 11, on left entry 18, 7,720 feet In the mine opening; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 0%".
Section B (sample 2360) was measured in room 16, on right entry 16, 7,600 feet southwest of the mine opening; thickness of bed, 5' 4%"; thickness of coal sampled, M 8%".
The bed was also measured and sampled at three points en June 16, 1909, by David White, G. S. Rice; G. S. Pope, J. J. Rutledge, F. J. Simington, and H. M. Wolflin, of the U. S. Geological Survey, as given on page 931 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 773
Section A (sample 7987) was cut from left entry 19, about 7,000 feet west of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 8%".
Section B (sample 7993) was cut from cross entry 17, off left entry 18, about 6,000 feet southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 4' 9^4"; thickness of coal sampled. A' 8%".
Section C (sample 7999) was cut from chain pillar opposite room 16, off right entry 11, about 4,200 feet southwest of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 5' 9"; thickness of coal sampled, 5' 8%'^.
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 7987, 7993 and 7999. The results of an ultimate analysis of this sample are shown under laboratory No. 8112.
The above 6 analyses, as given on page 233 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are published under Mine No. 168 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter. The analysis of a car sample (No. 2549) as given in the above reference, having been republished from page 216 of Bulletin 290 of the U. S. Geological Survey, is also published under Mine No. 168 in Table 3 above mentioned.
**Notes. — The coal at this mine was undercut in the bed, usually by hand. The tipple was equipped with bar screens for lump and revolving* screens 16 feet by 4 feet with i^-inch and %-inch openings. The slack was coked in beehive ovens, of which in June, 1909, 110 were fired and 290 idle. The coal was picked on the car. The daily output at the time of sampling in 1909 averaged about 425 tons; 600 tons was a maximum day's run. Almost the entire output in the near future was to come from pillar work. The dip of the bed varies greatly in places being as much as 12 feet in 100, the average being about 2 feet in 100. Thickness of coal, as mined, from 5 feet to 5 feet 6 inches; roof, gray shale, usually strong, but occasionally weak and slippy; floor, hard, gray shaly underclay; cover, for the most part, more than 75 feet thick."
"For results of tests of this coal, see mention of specific tests as follows — steaming tests: TJ. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 290, p. 216; Bureau of Mines Bull. 23, pp. 69, 187; coking tests: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 290, p. 217; Bull. 336, pp. 26, 35, 44; cupola tests of coke: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 336, pp. 52, 55, 58, 61, 64."
The following steaming tests are taken from pages 216 and 217 of Bulletin 290 of the U. S. Geological Survey:
Steaming Tests.
Test 285, West Virginia No. 19. — Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 14.8 per cent.; ^ inch to 1 inch, 11.6 per cent.; ^4 inch to 14 inch, 15.3 per cent.; under ^ inch, 58.3 per cent. Duration of test, 9.97 hours. Kind of grate, rocking.
Test 289, West Virginia No. 19. — Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 13.4 per cent.; % inch to 1 inch, 11.7 per cent.; ^ inch to '^ inch, 16.2 per cent.; under % inch, 58.7 per cent. Duration of test, 8 hours. Kind of girate, plain.
Coal And Coke.
Miscellaneous Items.
T
Test 285.
Test 289.
Heating value of coal (B. T. U. per pound dry coal) ' 14.618
Force of draft: I
I'nder stack damper inch water
Above fire inch water
Furnace temperature * F.
Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour... Lbs Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating
surface per hour Lbs.
Percentage of rated horse-power of boiler developed
Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired.... Lbs Water evaporated from and at 212* F. :
Per pound of coal as fired Lbs.
Per pound of dry coal Lbs.
Per pound of combustible Lbs.
Efficiency of boiler, including grate Per cent.
Coal as fired:
Per indicated horse-power hour Lbs.
Per electrical horse-power hour Lbs.
Dry coal: I
Per indicated horse-power hour Lbs.
Per electrical horse-power hour Lbs. \
•
Proximate Analyses.
Test 285.
Moisture 2.44
Volatile Matter 20.59
Fixed Carbon 70.43
Ash 6.54
Totals 100.00
Sulphur 0.92
Test 289.
Ultimate Analyses.
Test 285. •Carbon 82.72
•Hydrogen ♦Oxygen . . •Nitrogen .
Sulphur . .
Ash
Totals 100.00
♦Figured from car sample.
Test 289. 82.43 4.52 3.49 1.59 1.07 6.90
Additional steaming tests of coal from the Macdonald Mine (168) are published on pages 69, 82, 97, 113, 127, 142, and 187 of Bulletin 23 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines. Briquets made from this coal were also tested (No. 331) and the results given on the above-mentioned pages of Bulletin 23.
The following summary of these tests are taken from page 187 of the last-mentioned Bulletin:
West Virginia Geological Survey. 775
'Test No. 285; No. 19. — The coal caked in the fire. Automatic air admission was not operated. A thin layer of solid, heavy plastic clinker formed on the grate; it was easily removed.
"Test No. 289; No. 19. — The coal burned slowly and caked. Steam was used in the ash pit. Automatic air admission was not operated. A thin layer of dark, heavy, solid clinker formed on the grate; it was easily removed.
"Test No. 331; No. 19 (briquets). — The briquets burned freely and quickly, with a short flame, and did not crumble in the fire; they were broken in halves before firing. Automatic air admission was not operated. A thin layer of solid, heavy clinker, of dark-brown color, formed on the grate; it was easily removed. The test was too short for reliable results."
The following coking tests are taken from page 217 of Bulletin 290 of the U. S. Geological Survey:
Coking Tests.
Test 79, West Virginia No. 19 — Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 49 hours.
Coal charged pounds 12,000
Coke produced pounds 7,692
Breeze produced pounds 258
Coke produced per cent. 64.10
Breeze produced per cent. 2.15
Total percentage yield 66.25
Remarks. — Dull-gray color; slightly silvery. Light weight. Poor, dense coke.
Test 83, West Virginia No. 19. — Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 53 hours.
Coal charged pounds 12,000
Coke produced pounds 7,914
Breeze produced pounds 283
Coke produced per cent. 65.95
Breeze produced per cent. 2.36
Total percentage yield 68.31
Remarks. — Dull gray color, with slight silvery lustre; cell structure small. Much heavier and better than in test 79.
Analyses.
Test 79. Test 83.
Coal. Coke. Coal. Coke.
Moisture 2.82 0.38 2.43 0.45
Volatile Matter 20.63 1.68 21.34 0.55
Fixed Carbon 70.30 89.96 70.50 91.57
Ash 6.25 7.98 5.73 7.43
Sulphur 1.00 0.77 0.96 0.82
y'ji'i COAL AND COKE.
Additional coking tests by the U. S. Fuel-Testing Plant at St. Louis, Mo., are given on pages 26, 35, and 44 of Bulletin 336 of the U. S. Geological Survey, as also cupola tests of coke on pages 52, 55, 58, 61, and 64 of the same Bulletin. They are too long for republication here.
Sugar Creek Coal & Coke Co. "Sugar Creek Mine No. 1" —
No. 169 on Map II.
On north bank of Sugar Creek, V2 xslW^ west of Macdonald; Seweil Coal; elevation, 1725' B.; section by Teets, near drift mouth in main heading.
Feet.
Inches
15
0
4
0
Sandstone, massive, visible, medium-grained . . .
Slate, gray and sandy
Coal, block 1' 6"
Coal, soft 0 6
Coal, block 2 7
Coal, soft 0 4 4 11
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds collected a sample of coal from this mine, the analysis of which by Prof. Hite was published by Dr. White under No. 22 on pages 658 and 659 of Volume II of the Survey and republished by him under the same number on pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2. This analysis is given under Mine No. 169 m Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was measured and sampled at three points by J.J. Rut ledge and' F. J. Simington, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on June 18, 1909, and at one point by A. J. Hazle- v/ood, of the same Survey, on August 2, 1909, as given on page 932 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Sectio>n A (sample 7986) was cut from room 4 on air-course, about 2,200 feet west of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 81^".
Section B (sample 7996) was cut from face of entry 3, about 1,000 feet east of drift mouth; thickness of bed 4' 10"; thickness of coal sampled, 4' 9".
Section C (sample 7997) was cut from room 32, off left entry 4, about 2,400 feet west of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 5' 3%"; thickness of coal sampled, 4' 81^".
Section D (sample 8598) was cut from face of room 14, off left entry 1, about 300 feet south of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 9'^".
West Virginia Geological Survey. Tjj
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 7986, 7996, and 7997 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8105.
These 5 analyses, as taken from pages 233 and 234 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with an «;ir-dried calculation of the composite sample (No. 8105) as published by Dr. I. C. White under No. 20 on page 244 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Greological Survey, are given under Mine No. 169 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal at this mine was. undercut in the bed, generally by hand, and was shot down with black ixowder. The tipple was equipped '^rith har screens 12 feet long with 1%-inch openings, and with revolving screens* 12 feet long, with i/^-inch openings. The coal was picked on the car by four trimmers. The daily output at time of sampling in 1909 averaged 500 tons, and 600 tons was the capacity of the mine. Seventy-five per cent, of the future output was expected to come from pillars. Thickness, uniform, ranging as mined from 5 feet to 5 feet 6 inches; roof^ strong gray shale; floor^ hard gray shaly underclay."
Sugar Creek Coal & Coke Co. "Sugar Creek Mine No. 2"—
No. 170 on Map II.
On south bank of Sugar Creek, V2 mile west of Macdonald; Seweii Coal; elevation, 1725' B.; section by Teets 80 feet in air-course.
Feet Inches.
Coal, soft 0 5
Coal, block 2 8
Coal, soft 0 5 5 0
"This mine has always been run under the above name. Was opened about 1890. Principal office, Mt. Hope, W. Va.; used for aomestic and steam purposes; shipped east to Newport News; number of men employed, 50 miners and 20 laborer's; capacity, 400 to 500 tons daily; output, 400 tons daily; all pillar work; electric and rope haulage. C. H. Jones, Assistant Foreman, authority for mine data. The figures for men and output apply to Mines Nos. 1 and 2 (169 and 170)."
Mt. Hope Coal Co. Mine— No. 171 on Map II,
On north bank of Dunloup Creek, % mile southwest of Macdonald; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1720' B.; section by Teets, near mouth of main heading.
Feet. Inches.
Slate C 10
"Principal office. Mt. Hope, W. Va.; established in 1902 and always has run under above name; used for domestic and steam purposes; shipped north, south, east, and west; electric haulage; output, 100 tons daily; capacity 450 tons daily; number of men employed, 14 miners and S laborers; A. D. Moseley, Superintendent, authority for mine data."
McKell Coal & Coke Co. ''KUsyth Mine"— No. 172 on Map II.
On south bank of Dunloup Creek, % mile southwest of Macdonald; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1771' B.; section by Teets, in main entry about 250 feet in.
Feet Inches.
Coal, sulphurous (sandstone roof) . . 0' 5"
Coal 0 10
Coal, bony 0 2
"Principal office. Glen Jean; used for steam purposes; shipped east; output, 800 tons daily; capacity, 1 400 tons daily; number of men employed, 100 miners and 50 laborers; electric haulage; mine has been in operation about 20 years and has always operated under the above name; H. H. O'Neal, Superintendent, authority for mine data."
The analysis of a sample of coal collected by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds and analyzed by Prof. Hite was published by Dr. White under No. 23 on pages 658-9 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. This analysis is given under Mine No. 172 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was measured and sampled by H. M. Wolflin of the U. S. Geological Survey at one point on July 29, 1909; at three points on July 1, 1909, and at one point on July 3, 1909, as given on pages 926 and, 927 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8058) was cut from room 7 on right entry 13, about 3,000 south of west of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled. 5' 7%".
Sectidin B (sample 8090) was cut from face of main entry 2, about 5,000 feet approximately southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 6' 5"; thickness of coal sampled, 5' 10%".
Section 0 (sample 8095) was cut from face of left entry 14, about 4,600 feet approximately southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 4' 614"; thickness of coal sampled, 4' 4%".
Section D (sample 8091) was cut from face of left entry 12, about 5,500 feet approximately southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 1%".
West Virginia Geological Survey. 779
Section E (ample 8089) was cut from room 11 on dip 1, about 4,500 feet approximately southwest of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 6' AW; thickness of coal sampled, 5' 2%",
A oomp08ite sample was made by mixing samples 8058, 8089, 8090, 8091, and 8095, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8163.
These 6 analyses, as taken from page 231 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with an air-dried calculation of the composite sample (No. 8163), as published by Dr. White under No. 10 on page 244 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey, are given under Mine No. 172 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — ^The coal from this mine, like that from many others in the field, is for the most part soft and friable. It was undercut almost entirely by hand, there being only one mining machine at the mine. It was shot down with a permissible explosive. The tipple had bar screens with l-inch, 2-inch, aad 3-inch openings. The estimated daily output at the time of sampling was about 2,000 tons; about 2,600 Tons was the capacity of the mine. The immediate future output was to be derived from both advance work, and pillars. Thickness, not very uniform, ranging as mined from 4 feet 6 inches to 6 feet 4 inches; roof, generally a hard^ blue, clay shale, sometimes cut out by sandstone; between this main roof and coal there is a draw slate 2 inches to 6 inches thick, which falls with the coal; floor^ hard, shaly clay, with smooth surface.'*
Whit€oak Fuel Co. "Sherwood" Mine— (Abandoned)— No.
On west bank of Dunloup Creek, 1.2 miles southwest of Macdonald; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1665' B.; shaft mine, 110 feet in depth; section by author as published by Dr. I. C. White on page 206 of Volume 11(A).
Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, soft 1' 1"
5. Coal, soft, "mining" 0 4
"Greatest rise, S. 40° E.; Butts, east and west; faces, north and south; mine capacity, 200 tons; men employed 66; sample from Nos. 4, 5, and 6, the analysis of which was published under No. 12 in Tftble No. 2, pages 214-215 of Volume 11(A) ; coal shipped mostly to tidewater for steam; authority for mine data, H. H. Pinkney, Superintendent."
"The coal above the black slate No. 3 is not taken down, although apparently very good."
At the time of sampling this mine, it was owned by the Price Hill Coal Company.
The bed was measured and sampled at two points by F. J. Simington of the U. S. Geological Survey on June 16, 1909, as given on pages 939-940 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 7989) was cut from face of main west entry, about 3,500 feet southwest of shaft; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 5".
Section B (sanople 7990) was cut from face of left entry 5, about 2,500 feet southwest of shaft; thickness of bed, 3' 8^"; thickness of coal sampled, 3' 7%".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 7989 and 7990 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8292.
These 3 analyses, as taken from page 237 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with an air-dri'^d calculation of the composite sample (8292) as published by Dr. White under No. 12 on page 241 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey, are given under Mine No. 173 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
**Notes. — The coal was undercut by hand in the bed. Thickness, as mined, about 2 to 4 feet; roof, treacherous shale^ between which and the coal there is often several inches of bony coal; floor, shaly underclay."
Barren Branch of Dunloup Creek, 0.7 mile due south of Harvey, in the Sewell Coal, at an elevation of \7(^ B., had fallen shut and was abandoned
New River Coal & Coke Co. No. 3 Opening (Abandoned)— No. 477 on Map II, on Barren Branch, east side of road, 1.3 miles N. 65° E. of Dunloup, in the Sewell Coal, at an elevation of IZSO^ B., had fallen shut and was abandoned.
New River Coal & Coke Co. Coal Opening — No. 478 on Map II, on north side of road on Mill Creek, 0.8 mile S. 25° E. of Macdonald, in the Sewell Coal, at an elevation of 1925' B., is an old break-through from "Macdonald" Mine (No. 168 on Map II).
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. ySl
Wm McKcll Coal Opening— No. 479 on Map II.
On west hillside of New River, 0.8 mile N. 60** W. of McKendree; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2520^ B.f section by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, massive rather coarse 5 0
Coal, bony ' 0' 6"
Wm. McKell Coal Opening— No. 480 on Map II.
On east side of ridge road, 1.6 miles S. 70° W. of McKendree; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2420' B.; section by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, massive, visible 10 0
Coal, Impure 0' 6"
Morris Martin Coal Opening — No. 481 on Map II.
On west side of ridge road near County Line, 2.2 miles S. 65° W. of McKendree; Sewell CoaJ; elevation, 2380' B.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, massive medium-grained, visible 15 0
Coal, bony ' 0' 6"
Miller Local Mine Opening — No. 482 on Map II.
On northwest hillside of New River, 0.6 mile N. 30° W. of Terry; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2355' B.; butts. N. 40** W.; faces, N. 50** B.; section by Teets, as published by C. "E. Krebs under Mine No. 387 on page 497 of the Raleigh County Report of W. Va. Geological Survey.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, gray 1 5
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. "Weirwood
Shaft"— No. 174 on Map II.
On east hillside of Paint Creek, 0.3 mile north of Herberton; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1310' L.; section by A. M. Hagan at main south beading 4,000 feet from shaft; depth of shaft, 340 feet.
Feet Inches.
2. Coal, good 1' 8"
4. Coal, with little partings ...! 2 4 4 1
"Principal office. Charleston, W. Va., H. M. Bertolet, General Manager; general office. Commercial Trust Building, Philadelphia, Pa.; output now only 140 to 150 long tons daily. Just driving heading (1915) ; started up in July, 1914; daily capacity (1918), 3,000 tons; men employed in 1915, 65 inside and 15 outside; shipped east to tidewater for steam purposes; electrically equipped in every way, including pumps; electricity from Cabin Creek Plant; butts, east; faces, south; authority for mine data, W. I. McPheeters, Bookkeeper, and A. F. Marshall, Superintendent."
The analysis of a sample (943H) collected by Mr. Hagan from Nos. 2 and 4 of section, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 174 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Mr. C. E. Krebs published a section of the coal at this mine under No. 12 on page 493 of the Raleigh County Report
of the Survey, as follows :
Peet Inches.
Bone 0 2
Also, on page 308 of the same Report, under No. 198, Mr. Krebs gives the thickness of the Sewell Coal as 3' W. The depth of the shaft reported (315' 8") on the latter page, however, is in error, the correct depth being given on page 493 (340 feet).
West Virginia Geological Survey. 783
Sewell Mountain District.
Sewell Mountain District ranks third to Fayetteville and Nuttall Districts in available tonnage of Sewell Coal. The .'atter has long been mined commercially in the area first jnentioned along the New River front and on Manns Creek, near CliflFtop. It has also been prospected extensively on the slopes of Walnut Ridge by natives for local domestic fuel and by the New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co., v/here it attains a fine development. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Mouth of Manns Creek, Sewell — 0.9 Mile South, Beury, Ravenseye, Corliss — 1 Mile North, Rader Ford, Maywood — Aidrich Camp, and Sims Schoolhouse, page references to which are given in the Index ; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 91, 93, 93B, 93C, 93D, and 94 on Map II, also referenced in Index. It appears to attain minable development over practically the entire aiea indicated for it on Figure 20, page 678. Its description at the commercial mines, prospect openings, and other exposures follows.
Longdale Iron Co. "Sewell Mine" — No. 175 on Map II,
on east hillside of New River, 0.3 mile east of Sewell, in th»^ Sewell Coal, at an elevation of 1950' B., was mined out 12 to IS years ago. It is used in the Sewell — 0.9 Mile South Sec-lion, page 198.
The analysis of a sample of coke collected at the above mine by Messrs. A. P. Brady and R. W. Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. I. C. White undcf No. 2 on pages 663-4 of Volume II and republished by him xmder the same number on page 214 of Volume 11(A) and page 249 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 175 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
Coal Opening — No. 483 on Map II, in the edge of ridge road, 1 mile west of Beury, in the Sewell Coal, at an elevation of 1875' B., as determined by the author, was closed and thickness not learned.
Bcury Bros. Coal & Coke Co. (Abandoned) Mine — No. 176
on Map II.
On south hillside of New River, 0.6 mile S. 70*' W. of Beury; Sewell Coal; elevation, 1910' B.; used in Beury Section, page 199; closed and abandoned; mined out for 4 or 5 years; originally was Wm. Beury-Cooper & Co.^ then changed to Echo Coal & Coke Co.; from June, 1903, until abandoned, run under Beury Bros. Coal & Coke Co.; examined by author.
Beury Bros. Coal & Coke Co. "Echo Mine"— No. 177 on
Map II.
On east hillside of branch of New River, 0.7 mile S. 10** E. of Beury; Seweil Coal; elevation, 2080' B.; operating 1 year in 1915; section by author.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone roof
Coal, soft, columnar 4' 3"
Coal, bony, "mother" streaks 0 8 4 11
Capacity of mine 250 tons daily of 9 hours; shipped east for steam purposes; men employed, 42 inside and outside; authority, W. L. Mc- Daniel, Foreman.
Ballinger Coal Co. Drift Opening — No. 178 on Map II.
On head of Road Fork of Brackens Creek, 2.1 miles S. 45 ** E. of Winona; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2415' B.; section by author.
Feet Inches.
Slate, black, cannel 3 0
Coal, bony 0' 10"
Keeneys Creek Colliery Co. ''Brackens Creek Mine" — No. 179 on Map II, on east bank of Road Fork of Brackens Creek, 2.4 miles S. 70° E. of Winona, in the Sewell Coal, at an elevation of 2205' B., as determined by the author, is an extension of Mine No. 121 on Map II via Opening No. 462 on Map IT. the bed here being 3^2 to 4 feet in thickness.
Chas. Middleburg Coal Opening — No. 484 on Map II, on ridge, 1.6 miles N. 75° W. of ClifFtop, in the Sewell Coal, at c.n elevation of 2515' B., as determined by the author, was closed but 3 feet of clean, soft coal in top portion was exposed and is reported by D. E. Peters to be 4 feet in thickness.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 785
Chas. Middleburg Coal Opening — No. 485 on Map II, on west side of ridge, 1.9 miles N. 75° W. of Cliff top, in the Sewell Coal, at an elevation of 25(Xy B., as determined by the author, was closed; bed reported by D. E. Peters to have a thickness of 3 to 4 feet.
Chas. Middleburg Coal Opening — No. 486 on Map II, on ridge, and axis of Mann Mountain Anticline, 1.8 miles N. 80° W. of Clifftop, in the Sewell Coal, at an elevation of 2570' B., as determined by the author, was closed, but the bed is reported by David E. Peters, a native, only 6 feet below summit of flat hill, with thickness of 4 feet.
Brackens Creek Coal & Land Co. Opening — No. 487 on
Map II.
In ravine south side of road, 2.1 miles N. 5"* E. of Clifftop; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2185' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, opening closed, reported by Wm. H. Taylor to have a thickness of 0 8
Digging does not appear to have been driven far enough under cover to get full height of bed. Roof is concealed, but comes directly over 5 feet of heavy sandstone (visible).
Brackens Creek Coal & Land Co. Prospect — No. 488
Map II.
On east hillside of Brackens Creek, 2 miles southwest of Rubsellville; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2010' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, buff, sandy, visible 4 0
Coal, medium-soft 1' 9"
Shale, black, hard, sandy, 15" to... 1 1
Coal Prospect — No. 489 on Map II.
On west hillside of Meadow River^ 0.9 mile southeast of Russellville; Sewell Coal; elevation^ 2115' B.;' examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Concealed
Slate, black, bituminous 0' 5"
Gilpin Coal Opening — No. 490 on Map II.
•
On west hillside of Meadow River, 1.2 miles southeast of Russellville; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2170' B.; examined by author.
' Pfeet Inches.
Coal, opening closed, reported by Mrs. Gilpin 1 0
Coal Exposure — No. 491 on Map II, on west hillside of Meadow River, l.S miles southeast of Russellville, of the Sewell Coal, at an elevation of 2275' B., examined by author, is represented only by its blossom in road, thickness not determined.
Clyde Jones Coal Opening — No. 492 on Map II.
On west hillside of Meadow River, 2^ miles southeast of Russellville; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2450' B.; for stratigraphic position see Corliss — 1 Mile North Section, page 201.
Feet Inches.
Coal, "peacock," clean, bright 1 8
A. W. Ashley Coal Opening — No. 184 on Map II.
On east side of road, ^^ mile N. lO"" W. of Corliss; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2575' B.; section and sample by author.
Feet Inches.
3. Coal, soft 1' 6"
The analysis of a sample (919H) collected from No. 3 of above section, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 184 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
A. W. Ashley Coal Opening — No. 493 on Map II, on north hillside of Laurel Creek, 1 mile S. 40"* E. of Corliss, in the Sewell Coal, at an elevation of 2590' B., as determined by the author, was closed, but coal is reported by Mr. Ashley to be 18 to 24 inches in thickness.
Coal Opening — No. 494 on Map II, on north hillside of Laurel Creek, west edge of hill road, 1.1 miles S. 45° E. of Corliss, in the Sewell Coal, at an elevation of 2585' B., as
West Virginia Geological Survey. 787
determined by the author, was closed, but coal is reported by A. W. Ashley to be 2 feet in thickness.
Meadow River Lumber Co. Coal Opening — No. 185 on Map II.
On east hillside of branch of Laurel Creek, 1.7 miles S. 30° W. of Corliss; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2610' B.; section and sample by author.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, black, sandy, visible 2 0
The analysis of a sample (920H) collected at the above mine, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 185 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
George Wright Coal Opening on Meadow River Lumber Co. —
No. 495 on Map II.
On south bank of Laurel Creek, 2 miles S. 15 "^ W. of Corliss; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2645' B.; section by author.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, black, sandy, roof
Coal, soft 1' 8"
•
In road, 0.6 mile N. 85 "" W. of Clifftop; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2340' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, soft, visible, top poor 1 3
Babcock Coal & Coke Co. No. 4 Drift— No. 180 on Map II.
On south hillside of Manns Creek, 0.5 mile southwest of Clifftop; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2400' B.; section and data by author.
Feet. Inches.
Slate
Draw slate 0 8
Coal, soft 0' 2%"
Coal, bony 0 2%
Coal, soft 3 l"
Slate, gray, coal streaks 0 4 ... 3 10
Slate, gray,
''Principal office, Pittsburgh, Pa.^ E. V. Babcock, President; capacity, 150 tons from each mine, No.* 4 and No. 3; men employed at both Mines Nos. 3 and 4, 60 inside and 15 outside; all coal is coked at Sewell; mine opened 7 years ago; W. L. Hemdon, Superintendeni, authority for mine data. Coke shipped both east and west for both blast-furnace and foundry purposes; goo4 reputation."
Babcock Coal & Coke Co. ("Cliff top") Drift No. 1— No. 181
on Map II.
On south hillside of Manns Creek, at ClifPtop; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2330' B.; section by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds; correlation verified by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal •. 2 10
The analysis of a sample of coal collected at the above mine by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite, and published by Dr. White under No. 18 on pages 658 and 659 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on pages 211-212 of Volume 11(A) and page 248 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 181 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The above mine was opened in 1884 and was operated until 1913 by the Longdale Iron Company. This opening is now closed and abandoned.
Babcock Coal & Coke Co. Drift No. 3— No. 182 on Map II.
On south hillside of Manns Creek, 0.5 mile east of Cliff top; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2315' B.; section on rib, 250 feet in, by author.
Feet Inches. .
Shale sandy, flaggy 3 0
Cannel bone 0' 8"
Along the main entry, driven S. 35° E., the coal rises at about 3 per cent., says Mr, W. L. Hemdon, Superintendent. See Mine No. 180 for data concerning this mine.
Babcock Coal & Coke Co. (Abandoned) Drift No. 2— No. 183 on Map II, on southeast hillside of Manns Creek, ^4 mile northeast of Clifftop, in the Sewell Coal^ at an elevation of 2310' B., as determined by the author, v^as opened 25 years ago and is now closed and abandoned.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 789
Coal Exposure — No. 497 on Map II.
On north hillside of Manns Creek, at road fork, 1.2 miles N. 65° E. of Cliff top; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2320' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, visible at edge of road, 3' 0" to 4 0
Coal Exposure — No. 498 on Map II.
In road, 0.8 mile northwest of Ravenseye; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2405' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, in edge of road, 3' 0" to 4 0
Slate, dark, visible 30 0
Coal Exposure — No. 499 on Map II.
In hill road, 0.2 mile northwest of Ravenseye; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2525' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal blossom, visible 1 0
Chas. M. Amick Coal Opening — No. 500 on Map II.
On east hillside of Manns Creek, 0.1 mile southwest of Ravenseye; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2660' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, blacky pavement
J. L. Beury Coal Opening — No. 501 on Map II.
On east hillside of Manns Creek. 0.1 mile southwest of Ravenseye ; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2660' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, opening closed, reported by E. R. Douglas, clean, soft, with thickness of 2 6
Opening formerly supplied domestic fuel for the region. Nuttall Estate Coal Opening— No. 502 on Map II.
On north hillside of Manns Creek, 1.5 miles S. 55° E. of Ravenseye: Sewell Coal; elevation, 2645' B.; opening closed and section by E. R. Douglas; correlation by author.
Feet. Inches.
•
Coal Digging — No. 503 on Map II, on east hillside of Manns Creek, 2 miles S. 35° E. of Ravenseye in the Sewell Coal, at an elevation of 2650' B., as determined by the author, was closed, but the bed is reported clean and 18 inches in thickness by E. R. Douglas.
Dr. John W. Walker Coal Digging — No. 504 on Map II,
on east hillside of Manns Creek, 0.1 mile southeast of Opening No. 503 on Map II, in the Sewell Coal, at an elevation of 2650^ B., as determined by the author, was closed and thickness of bed not learned.
•Laviro Neff Coal Opening — No. 505 on Map II.
On south hniside of Manns Creek, east side of road, 0.9 mile S. lO"* E. of Ravenseye; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2660' B.; examined by author.
Peet. Inches.
Shale, dark, sandy, visible 3 0
Coal, bony 0' 4"
A. W. McClung Coal Opening — No. 506 on Map II.
On head of branch of Meadow River, 2 miles N. 55° W. of Ralnelle; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2920' B.; section by author.
Peet. Inches.
Sandstone, grayish-white, visible 3 0
£. S. Crookshank Coal Prospect — No. 507 on Map II, on west side of road, % mile south of Eureka Schoolhouse, V/i miles northwest of Rainelle, in the Sewell Coal, at an elevation of SOSC B., as determined by the author, was closed, but is reported by Mr. Crookshank to be 10 inches in thickness and cannelly. ,
Coal Opening — No. 508 on Map II, on east hillside of Floyd Creek, 0.6 mile due south of Clifftop, in the Sewell Coal, at an elevation of 2410' B., as determined by the author, was closed and the thickness of bed not learned.
Coal Opening — ^No. 509 on Map II, on waters of Floyd Creek, 1 mile N. 20° E. of Landisburg, at an elevation of
West Virginia Geological Survey. 79I
2610' B., as determined by the author, is in the Sewell bed, but its thickness was not obtained.
G. T. Smails Coal Opening — No. 510 on Map II, on north hillside of Laurel Creek, 1.1 miles due east of Landisburg, in the Sewell Coal, at an elevation of 2720' B., as determined by the author. Coal is reported by David Smith, 2' 4" to 2' 6" in thickness.
David Smith Coal Opening — No. 511 on Map II.
On south hillside of Laurel Creek, 0.9 mile southeast of Landis-burg; Sewell Coal; elevation, 272(K B.; section by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, dark, siliceous, visible 4 0
Ben Sycafoose Coal Opening — No. 186 on Map II.
On south side of Laurel Creek, 0.3 mile S. 55 ** E. of Pittman; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2655' B.; section taken 100 feet In by author.
Feet. Inches.
2. Coal, bony O' 3"
The analysis of a sample (928H), collected by the author from No. 3 of the above section, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 186 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Jos. M. Critchley Coal Opening — No. 512 on Map II.
On south hillside of Laurel Creek, 1 mile east of Pittman; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2685' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal (with no bone) reported by G. A. Shuck 2 6
T. A. Shuck Coal Opening — No. 513 on Map II.
On north hillside of Laurel Creek, 1.5 miles northeast of Pittman; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2665' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, opening closed, with 4" of bone at top, reported by G. A. Shuck 1 6
Coal And Coke.
T. A. Shuck Coal Opening — No. 514 on Map II.
On branch of Glade Creek, 1% miles N. 10° E. of Danese; Scwell
Coal; elevation. 2680' B.; driven in about 100 feet and furnishes local
fuel; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, blue, sandy, visible 6 0
Coal, bony 0' 3"
Coal medium-hard 0 4
Slate, hard, sandy, dark 0 3
John Andrew Shuck Coal Opening — No. 515 on Map II.
On branch of Glade Creek, 2 miles N. 25* E. of Danese; Sewell Coal; elevation, 2700' B.; on land of New River and Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Company; driven in only 10' to 15' examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, bluish-black, sandy, visible 4 0
Coal, soft 0' 4%"
Bone, 0" to 0 1%
Edward D. Thomas Coal Prospect — No. 516 on Map II,
on southeast side of knob, 0.8 mile N. 50° E. of Danese, in the Sewell Coal, at an elevation of 2757' L., as determined by the author, was closed, but reported 18 to 24 inches in thickness.
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. Prospects in
Sewell Coal.
(Closed or thickness of bed not learned).
j Elevation No. on I above Map II. I sea-level
Location.
2738^ L. 3044' L. 3104' L.
3115' L. 2843' L.
On north side of knob, 1 mile N. 40** E: of Danese. On west side of knob, 0.4 mile N. 40*^ E. of Danese. On north side of knob, 2.5 miles due N. of Gentry. On northwest side of knob, 0.4 mile southwest of No.
521. On south side of knob, 1.9 miles N. 5** W. of Gentrj'. On head of branch of Burnt Creek, 2 miles S. 70° W.
of Danese. On west slope of Walnut Knob, 0.9 mile N. 40° B. of
Gentry.
On west slope of Walnut Knob, 0.7 mile N. 50' E. of Gentry.
On branch of Pole Creek, 1.5 miles S. 55** E. of ) Danese.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 793
Leslie Kincaid Coal Opening — No. 519 on Map II.
On northwest side of road. 1.4 miles due south of Landisburg;
Seweli Coal; elevation, 2815' B.; section on rib 5 feet in, by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, dark and buff, visible 1 0
Coal, soft.'. 0' 4"
Coal, gray, harder 0 6
John Meadows Coal Opening — No. 520 on Map II.
On north edge of road, 1.8 miles due north of Gentry; SeweH Coal; elevation, 3028' L.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, buff and dark, visible 5 0
Coal, bony cannel O' 5"
Coal, medium-hard, with "peacock"
lustre 0 3
Coal gray, hard 1 0
John F. Anderson Coal Opening — No. 524 on Map II.
On head of Terry Branch, 2.1 miles S. 50** W. of Danese; Seweli Coal; elevation, 2815' L.; section by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, dark visible 5 0
Coal, soft..' 0' 2"
Coal, gray, hard 0 8
Coal Prospect — No. 528 on Map II, on south slope of Walnut Knob, northeast side of road, 0.8 mile due east of Gentry, in the Seweli Coal, at an elevation of 2908' L., as determined by the author, was closed and thickness of coal not learned.
Coal Exposure — No. 529 on Map II.
In hill road, 0.3 mile southeast of Ebenezer Schoolhouse; 1.4 miles due south of Danese; Seweli Coal; elevation, 2885' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal blossom, 2' 0" to 3 0
Coal Prospect — No. 531 <m Map II, on head of branch . of Pole Creek, 1.9 miles S. 55® E. of Danese, in the SewcU Coal, at an elevation of 3039' L., examined by the author, was closed and the thickness of coal not learned.
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. Opening —
No. 532 on Map II.
On northwest slope of Ford Knob, just east of trail, 1.9 miles S. 80** E. of Danese; Sewell Coal; elevation, 3065' B.; section by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, buff and dark 13 0
Coal, bony 0' 3"
Coal, soft 0 7
Slate bony, hard, siliceous 0 5
Quinnimont District.
In Quinnimont District, the Sewell Coal, as shown on Figure 20 and Map II, is confined to several scattered patches, mostly along the northern border, high up near the rid^e summits. It has been prospected quite extensively on the south slope of Walnut Ridge by the New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Company, but in 1916, these diggings had practically all fallen shut. The bed is believed, however, to attain practically the same development as in Sewell Mountain District. The four following listed prospect openings in the Sewell Coal are all within the limits of Quinnimont District :
New River and Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. Prospects
in Sewell Coal. *
(Closed or thickness of coal not obtained).
j Elevation No. on ' above Map II. I sea-level
Location.
2901' L. 2929' L.
On south side of Walnut Ridge, 1.3 miles N. 55' E.
of Crickmer. On south side of Walnut Ridge, 0.8 mile northeast
of Crickmer. On south side of Walnut Ridge, 0.6 mile N. 50° W. of
Crickmer. On south side of Walnut Ridge, west edge of hill
road, 0.9 mile N. 80° W. of Crickmer.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Quantity of Sewell Coal Available.
Based on all the evidence in hand and a planimetric determination by A. M. Hagan of the area from Map II as limited on Figure 20, the following estimate is made by the author for the probable amount of Sewell Coal in Fayette County :
Probable Amount of Sewell Coal.
District.
•
V
a>
Oq
%a
V
" s
M s
u
M M <M
cd
«
U «J 0/
a
o;
hi o
<
u
Oq
Palls
Mountain Cove
Fayetteville
Nuttall
Sewell Mountain . . . Quinnimont
Totals for county 1274.141 175,449.6! 24.179.772.672
The Fire Creek Coal.
The Fire Creek Coal, described briefly in Chapter VII, pages 319-320, ranks fourth in Fayette in economic importance and available tonnage among the 20 separate minable coal beds within the County. Its approximate minable area is shown on Figure 21, as also the northwest boundary line, northwest of which the bed has apparently thinned below minable development. Its detailed outcrop is exhibited on Map II. Like the Sewell bed, it has long been mined commercially in Fayette where it yields a coal of great excellence for coking, steam, and domestic fuel purposes. The following average results compiled by R. C. Tucker from 35 different
analyses of samples collected mostly in Fayette and Raleigh Counties, details of which were published in previous State Suney Reports, give a fair idea of its composition
and calorific value:
Per cent.
Moisture 0.72
Volatile Matter 18.40
Fixed Carbon 76.17
Ash 4.71
Total 100.00
Sulphur 0 .66
Phosphorus 0.018
Calorimeter B. T. U 15,014
For special analyses the reader is referred to Tables Xos. 1 and 3 at the end of this Chapter.
FallSj Moantain Cove, Kanawha and Nattall Districts.
In these four Districts, the Fire Creek Coal, in minablc development, appears to be missing as shown on Figure 21. a feature that is determined largely from the results found in the logs of test wells for oil, gas, and coal at widely scattered points within their borders.
The thickness and stratigraphic position of the Fire Creek Coal are exhibited in the Kingston Section, page 169; in the logs of test wells for oil and gas Nos. 11, 12, and 15 on Map II, published on pages 350, 352, and 353, respectively; and in the log of Coal Test Boring No. 15 on Map II, page 402, for Kanawha District ; and for Nuttall District, in the Russellville Section, page 177.
WliST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
Fayetteville District.
In Fayetteville District, the Fire Creek Coal in minable development appears to be confined to the southeastern border, as shown on Figure 21. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are exhibited in the South Fayette Station Section, page 182; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 41, 42, 45, 46, SO, 58, 66, and 79B on Map II, page references to which are given in the Index. This coal has long been operated commercially within the borders of this District, a total of seven mines having been opened. Its description at these mines and at prospect openings follows.
Scotia Coal Co. "Red Ash Mine" (Abandoned) —
No. 187 on Map II.
On north hillside of New River, y^ mile northwest of Beury; Fire Creek Coal; elevation. 1500' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, 4' 9" to 7 0
Old mine. Has just been abandoned. Balance of coal to be taken out at "Rush Run Mine/' No. 188 on Map II.
The bed was measured and sampled at three points by R. Y. Williams, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 3, 1909, as given on pages 955 and 956 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8070) was cut from the face of cross entry 1, off left entry 10, IVj miles from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 9'\
Section B (sample 8071) was cut from a pillar of room 1 on left entry 7, 1^ miles south of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' iV^".
Section C (sample 8072) was cut from the face of the coal, 1^ miles southwest of the drift mouth; thickness of bed, 6' 11%"; thickness of coal sampled^ 6' 7".
A composite saniple was made by mixing both face and pillar samples 8070, 8071, and 8072 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8108.
These 4 analyses, as taken from page 244 of Bulletin 23 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with an air-dried calculation of the ultimate analysis of composite sample
Wfst Vircjinia Geological Survey. 799
(8108) as published by Dr. White under No. 5 on page 235 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey, are given under Mine No. 187 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal at this mine was undercut both by hand and with chain machines In bottom part of bed, and was shot down with a short-flame explosive. The tipple had bar screens, with 3-inch and 1%-inch spaces, and the screenings were coked in beehive ovens. The coal was picked on car. The estimated daily output was 450 tons, and 1 000 tons was the maximum day's run. The future output was to be derived from both advance work and pillars. Thickness, somewhat irregular, due to large rolls in the roof, ranging as mined from 4 feet 9 inches to 7 feet; roof, strong gray shale, which does not fall with the coal; floor, fairly hard clay, with smooth surface.'*
Scotia Coal Co. "Rush Run Mine"— No. 188 on Map II.
On north hillside of New River, at Rush Run, 1 mile northeast of Thurmond; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 1500' B.; examined by author.
The bed was measured and sampled at two points by K. M. Way, of the U. S. Geological Survey on September 12, 1907, as given on pages 954-5 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 5328) was measured in room 23 on right entry 8, 4,500 feet southwest of the drift mouth; thickness of bed, 5' 2V^"; thickness of coal sampled, 5' 1".
Section B (sample 5327) was measured in room 18 on right entry 10, 5.700 feet south of the drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 1%".
The bed was also measured and sampled at three points by A. C. Ramsay of the same Survey on July 3, 1909, as given on page 955 of the Bulletin above mentioned.
Section A (sample 8096) was cut from the face of left entry 7; thickness of bed. 5' 7"; thickness of coal sampled, 5' ^h^".
Section B (sample 8097) was cut from the face* of room 4 on right air-course 11, 5.000 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 7%".
Section C (sample 8100) was cut from a pillar on right entry 7, 3,500 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed. 5' 3%"; thickness of coal sampled 5' 1%".
A composite sample was made by mixing both face and pillar samples 8096. 8097, and 8100 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8160.
These 6 analyses, as taken from page 243 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with an air-dried calculation of the analysis of the composite sample (8160) as published by Dr. White under No. 9 on page 236 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey, arp given under Mine No. 188 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal at this mine was undercut both by hand and with chain machines, and was shot down with a short-flame explosive. The tipple had bar screens, witb 3-inch and 1^-inch spaces. The screenings were coked in beehive ovens. The coal was picked on the car. The daily output at time of sampling in 1909 averaged 300 tons, although the mine had a larger capacity. The future output was to be derived from both advance work and pillars in about equal proportions. At this mine the bed lies nearly flat^ and has an average thickness of about 5 feet. Roof, sandstone or strong gray shale which does not fall with the coal; floor, shale or hard underclay with smooth surface."
Two sections of the bed were also measured and sampled in the mine by J. S. Burrows of the U. S. Geological Survey in 1904, as reported on pages 943-4 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Sample 1176, measured in room 22, off right entr\' 9. showed 5 feet of clean coal, and sample 1175, measured in room 10, off left entry 10, showed 5j/^ feet of clean coal.
The analyses of these 2 samples of coal, together with an analysis of a car sample (1390) taken from 31 tons of run-of-mine coal, which were first published by the U. S. Geological Survey on page 55 of Bulletin 261 of that Survey, and later published in Professional Paper 48, page 254, and page 239 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 188 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal is classed among the 'smokelesH* coals and is commercially known as a New River coal. The lump was mostly shipped for steam purposes to large cities having smoke ordinances; some was exported, and a small percentage was used for domestic purposes. Most of the slack was coked at the mine. The output of the mine in 1904 was 800 to 1,000 tons daily, most of which went lo large cities in the East and Middle West The coal is of fine quality, but the bed is exceedingly irregular in thickness. In the Rush Run mine the coal bed ranges from a few inches to 7 or 8 feet in thickness. The bed lies nearly horizontal and is worked by drifts from the outcrop."
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 8oi
"For results of tests of this coal see mention of specific tests as follows — steaming tests: U. S. Geol. Survey of Prof. Paper 48, p. 857; Bull. 2^1, p. 82; Bureau of Mines Bull. 23, p. 69; brlquetting tests: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 48, p. 1450; Bull. 261, p. 165; coking tests: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 48, p. 1359; Bull. 261, p. 128; cupola tests of coke: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 48, pp. 1381, 1382.
"For chemical analyses see part I of this Bulletin (22, U. S. Bureau of Mines), p. 239; also U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 48, p.' 254; BulL 261, p. 55."
The following remarks concerning the Rush Run Mine iire taken from page 128 of Professional Paper 48 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
'^Equipment and use. — The Rush Run mine is located several hun< dred feet above railroad grade. From the drift mouth the loaded cars are lowered to the tipple over a steep inclined plane 1,000 feet long. The descent of the loaded cars brings an equal number of empty cars from the tipple to the mine. The inside workings are laid oft on the triple-entry system. The inside haulage is by electric motors^ and aboQT 75 per cent, of the coal is mined by air machines. Some of the slack coal is sold for steam purposes, but most of it is coked at the mine. The lump coal is used largely as a steam coal where smoke ordinances are in effect, as it burns with little smoke. Some of it is exported and a small percentage used for domestic purposes. The daily output of the mine is from 800 to 1,000 tons most of which finds it way to the large cities in the East and Middle West."
Two additional analyses are given under Mine No. 188 in Table No. 3 at the end of this Chapter, Laboratory Nos. 5436 and 5438, the same being from car samples of coal shipped to the United States Fuel-Testing Plant, Norfolk, Va., in 1907, as given on page 12 of Bulletin 362 of the U. S. Geological Survey.
Additional analyses of samples of this coal used in boiler test and coke tests as also analyses of three coke samples, as summarized on page 254 of Professional Paper 48, page 254, of the U. S. Geological Survey, are given under the descriptions of the specific tests on the following pages.
8o2
Coal And Coke.
Steaming Tests.
Test No. 39 — Regular and special observations on test of West Vir.
ginia No. 6 Coal, October 27, 1904.
Regular.
S"tcain pressure gage.
Tcinperatur''"-.
Calorimeter
Draft pressures.
Flue gases.
k
•
■
B
§
u u
Ji
•a
o Or.
o
c
c . — u
c o
11
•
o u
O*
«
C
u
Lbs.
1 85" 85 83 79 88 83 87 87 90 83 81
I 80
Op
"F. 627 620 045 580 590 625 575 610 623 680 518 645 540
Lbs. 1 Lbs.
1
P.C.
P.C.
1
.2
1
.Is-
.0
.0
,
61
61
j 62
62
62
Is. 8
.2
l-Oo . .
1
.8
Is.S
.0
.0
" ' - 575 685 674
1
.0
.0
Total Averaee
l.<)().j| 17,331 ' 57.4' 57S
.7
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Test No. 39 — Regular and special observations on test of West VIr. gin la No. 6 coal, October 27, 1904 — Continued.
Special.
Time.
Mart, 7:87
Close, 5:34.
Height of water.
Weight of coal burned.
In tank.
1
40
39
45
iiH
40
In gage glass.
During period.
Total.
2H 5
3H
Weight of water fed to boiler.
Total,
Record Of Furnace Conditions.
Observation.
Observation.
Time
Ij Time
I Boiler under
,Fire cleaned.
IFire started.
Fire raked,
Fire raked,
Fire raked.
Fire raked,
Fire raked.
Fire raked,
Fire raked,
'Fire sliced.
'Fire raked,
'Fire raked.
a load.
fire 3 inches thick. 5 inches thick.
5 inches thidc.
6 inches thick. 8 inches thick.
12 inches thick. 12 inches thick. 12 inches thick.
IFire raked, 12 inches thick. IFire sliced.
IFire rakcrl. 12 inches thick. 'Fire raked, 12 inches thick. 'Fire raked, 12 inches thick. IFire sliced.
IFire raked, 12 inches thick. IFire raked, 11 inches thick. Fire raked afnd sliced. Fire raked, 12 inches thick. Fire raked, 10 inches thick. Cleaning fire, light clinkers on grate. Fire cleaned. 4 inches thick.^ Test closed, fire 3 inches thick. Furnace hotter than at start.
Ash white and of light weight. Coal buried freely. 107 firings during test.
Test No. 39. I Test No. 48.
'Desipnaton and origin of fuel: Designation of bed
At or near
Size of fuel as shipped
Condition of fuel as fired:
Api>earance
State of weather:
Morning
Afternoon
Boiler No
Kind of grate or stoker
Trial:
Date
Kind of draft
.Average pressure:
Hood
Furnace
Under fire
Fire Creek
Rush Run
Run-of-mine
Clear Clear
1 Plain
Fire Creek
Rush Run
Run-of*minc
Clear Clear
2 Plain
Natural
8o4
Coal And Coke.
Test No- 39. I Test No. 43
External air
Fire room
S'team
Feed water —
In tank
Entering boiler
Escaping gases
Furnace
Fuel:
As fired
Dry
Ash and refuse —
Actual weight of ash
Analyses of ash and coal
Proximate analysis of fuel as fired (i>er cent.):
Moisture
Volatile
Fixed Carbon
Ash
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulphur
Ash .•
Carbon
Earthy matter ,
Dry ,
Combustible determined from —
Actual weight of ash
Anarlyses of nsh and coal
Dry per sq. ft. of grate area
Combustible per sq. ft. of water-heating surface deter-' mined from —
Actual weight of ash
Analysis of ash
Calorific va-lue of fuel per pound (B. T. U.) : By oxygen calorimeter- —
Dry fuel
Combustible
By analysis —
Dry Fuel |
Combustible |
Moisture I
Water evaporation: j
Total weight I
Actually corrected for quality of stearm (lbs.) |
Factor |
Equivalent converted into drv steam from and at |
Correctcrl for quality of steam '
Equivalent from and at 212°F. — ]
Total 1
Per sq. it. of waler-heating surface
Horse-power:
Developed on test
Builders' rating
Per cent, of rattfl horse-power developed
51
I
61
7.O0
Uj*
. y!M
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Test No. 39. I Test No. 43
Economic results (pounds of water evaporated per pound of fuel):
Apparent under actual conditions as fired
Equivalent from and at 212" F. —
As fired
Dry
Combustible determined from —
Actual v/eight of ash
Analysis of ash and coal
Boiler, from actual weight of ash
Boiler, from analysis of ash and coal
Boiler and grate
Kind of firing
Methods of firing:
Interval between —
Times of leveling or breaking up (hours)
Pounds of dry gases per pound of combustible
Heat balance:
British Thermal Units —
Total
Absorbed by boiler
Loss of heat due to— Moisture —
In fuel
Of burning hydrogen
Carrietl away in dry gases
Incomplete combustion of carbon
Radiation and other losses
Per cent.:
Absorbed by boiler
Loss of heat due to — Moisture —
In fuel
Of burning hydrogen
Carried away in dry gases
Incomplete combustion of carbon
Radiation and other losses
1
Alternate
11
12
6.T .5
30
20
Briquettinn Tests.
"All of the West Virginia coals tested at the plant were good coking coals, so that there was little need of briquetting experiments.
"West Virginia No. 6. — The first test made on this coal was with 5 per cent, of the very glossy home-made pitch Y. The pressure used was the limit that could be obtained on the English machine, and the resultant briquets were hard, clean and strong, and had a sharp, glossy fracture. They were in every way equal to the best briquets that had been made on this machine. They weighed on an average 6.12 pounds each. On account of the excellent quality of the briquets with 5 per cent, of pitch, another ton was briquetted with only 3 per cent, of pitch Y. Extreme pressure was applied, and the resultant bri-quest were unusually smooth and glossy, but not quite strong enough. They crumbled Instead of cracking clean under the blows of a hammer. The briquets containing 5 per cent, of pitch when broken, made little or no waste and had a cleaii fracture.
8o6
Coal And Coke.
"On the American machine the mixture containing 5 per cent, of pitch Y made very glossy and solid eggettes, which were very strong and would stand a great deal of very rough handling. One surprising quality of these briquets was that when tested in the cook stove they burned with little or no caking, although the coal itself is a very good coking coaL The briquets, when exposed to the weather, were affected bat little and did not disintegrate appreciably. In burning they held together until entire consumed.^
"This coal was also tested with the Hoffman patent binder, and the resultant eggettes were also of good quality, being hard, glossy, and clean; but in burning they caked more than those with 5 per cent, of pitch."
Coking Tests.
West Virginia No. 6.
"Coking teats Noa. 27, 30, and 33. — ^Run-of-mine coal from the New River Smokeless Coal Company, Rush Run, W. Va.
"Three tests were made on this coal, which was unwashed. The first charge, consisting of 13,000 pounds^ was burned for 90 hours, and yielded 8,303 pounds, or 63.9 per cent./ of light-gray, soft coke. The second charge, which consisted of 9,000 pounds, was burned for 66 hours, and yielded 6,399 pounds, or 71.1 per cent., of coke of somewhat better quality thaji the first, although still gray and light. The third charge consisted of 8,000 pounds of pulverized coal. It was burned for 44 hours, and yielded 5,849 pounds, or 73-1 per cent, of coke, which was dense and tough, but light in weight and color, and of poor ring."
Analysis Of West Virginia No. 6 Coal.
Character of
labora-* Tiber,
u CO
*
i
u
«
coal
ical nui
V
u 3
u 9
hem tory
'S
3
B as
U
t<,
x'
<
'X
Per cent.
Per cent.
L
■
Per cent.
Per cent.
Per cent.
Unwashed
i 1.7fi
i
1
Used in coking test No. 27.
Unwashed
■
Used in coking test No. 80.
Is 7.3
1
1
Used in cok- ' ing test No. 3S.
an-
1
Sjj
Sii
'"'a'!.™
5ssB
«il
M
sss:
1
iEB
M s
i
1
1
-•M
sss
SSli
1
1
t-S£§
s2SS
■uoqj.j p«!a
'H:
■«i.upjEn
less
Ii
■*II'J 1 SSg
11
•"« i §K
■I'M
2s;ii
n
8o8
Coal And Coke.
"The coke made from the run-of-mine coal showed a very low ash and low sulphur and phosphorus, but it was gray, soft, and rather light. The cell structure was above standard; the burden-bearing qualities and hardness were lower tiian desirable. This suggested crushing the coal for a second test^ which increased its hardness and enabled It to carry a heavier burden. Though the cell structure remained the same, the color was improved and the coke was heavier. Ash, sulphur, and phosphorus were about the same as before. A third test was made with powdered coal in which the results did not difter very much from the previous ones, except that the coke seemer denser, was darker, and had a poor ring. The ash was somewhat higher. Sulphur and phosphorus the same as before, as was also hardness, but burden-bearing qualities were increased. As this coal is low in volatile matter, it is recommended that it be mixed with others higher in volatile matter; that it be coked in a retort oven, where a coke can be produced which will possess all the qualities of a standard coke and will be much superior to it on account of its low ash, sulphur, and phosphorus."
Cupola Tests Of Coke.
Foundry test No. 6, on coke made from West Virginia No. 6 run-of-mine
(Coke from New River Smokeless Coal Company, Rush Run, W. Va.)
Analysis Of Coke.
Per cent.
Sulphur 0.70
Sulphur in ash 0.049
Volatile carbon 2.20
Fixed carbon 90.84
Ash 5.21
Moisture 1 . 75
Specific gravity, 1.77.
Charge.
■
5
3
4
Coke
52
Pig iron
Scrap
Total
Record Of Melt.
Blast pressure averaged 7io ounces.
Blast on, 11:19 a. m.
Iron running, 11:25 a. m.
Iron in 6 minutes.
Pounds.
Ladle No. 1, 11:37 a. m 130
Ladle No. 2, 11:39 a. m 175
Ladle No. 3. 11:40 a. m 230
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Ladle No. 4, 11:41 a. m 160
Ladle No. 5. 11:42 a. m 258
Ladle No. 6, 11:43 a. m 250
Ladle No. 7, 11:44 a. m 235
Ladle No. 8, 11:45 a. m 155
Ladle No. 9, 11:47 a. m 245
Ladle No. 10, 11:48 a. m 115
Ladle No. 11, 11:50 a. m 210
Ladle No. 12 11:52 a. m 115
Ladle No. 13,' 11:53 a. m 20
Total iron poured 2 298
Iron recovered 320
Melting loss, 12.7 per cent.
Fluidity strips ran up well. Iroii hot. Iron ran well throughout heat. Coke can be recommended for further trial.
Foundry test No. 11, on coke made fronn West Virginia No. 6, pulverized
(Coke from New River Smokeless Coal Company, Rush Run, W. Va,
Analysis Of Coke.
Per cent.
Sulphur 0.70
Sulphur in ash 0.076
Volatile carbon 1 . 85
Fixed carbon 89.60
Ash 7.55
Phosphorus 0.006
Moisture 1.00
Specific gravity, 1.79.
1
2
s 1
5
Total
Coke '. . . .
Pig iron
Scrap
8lO COAL AND COKE.
Record Of Melt.
Blast pressure averaged 7^ ounces. Blast on, 2:55 p. m. Iron running, 3:01 p. m. Iron in 6 minutes.
Pounds.
Ladle No. 1, 3:08 p. m 100
Ladle No. 2, 3:10 p. m 170
Ladle No. 3 3:11 p. m ■ 180
Ladle No. 4,' 3:13 p. m 250
Ladle No. 5 3:14 p. m 160
Ladle No. 6| 3:16 p. m 235
Ladle No. .7, 3:18 p. m 250
Ladle No. 8, 3:19 p. m 230
Lable No. 9, 3:21 p. m 175
Ladle No. 10. 3:22 p. m 235
Ladle No. 11, 3:24 p. m 160
Ladle No. 12, 3 : 26 p. m 195
Ladle No. 13. 3:27 p. m, *. 65
Total iron poured 2,395
Iron recovered 325
Coke recovered 18
Melting loss, 3.9 per cent
Fluidity strips did not run up well. Iron dull. Iron not fluid thougli fairly hot.
Rock Lick Coal Co. (Formerly Thurmond Coal Co.) 'Erskinc Mine"— No. 189 on Map II.
«i
On north hillside of New River, % mile due north of Thurmond; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 1480' B.; section hy Messrs. Hridy and Eidmonds; correlation verified hy author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 4 4
The analysis of a sample of coal collected at this mine by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 5 on page 670 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 182 of Volume 11(A) and page 233 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 189 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
\VE:ST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 8ll
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. (Formerly W. P. Rend) (Abandoned) Mine— No. 190 on Map II.
On south hillside of Arbuckle Creek, v^ mile northwest of Thurmond; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 1465' B.; examined by author; abandoned on account of fault.
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. (Formerly W. P. Rend) (Abandoned) No. 1 Mine— No. 191 on Map II.
On south hillside of Arbuckle Creek, 1.3 miles northwest of Thurmond; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 1420' B.; section by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds; correlation verified by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 3 4%
Abandoned on account of fault.
The analysis of a sample of coal collected at this mine by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. IS on pages 670-1 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 182 of Volume 11(A) and page 233 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 191 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was also measured and sampled at two points by David White of the U. S. Geological Survey on July 12, 1909, as given on page 953 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8240) was cut from pillar in right entry 2, near right entry 3, 1,000 feet from drift mouth; thickness of bed 6' 1%"; thickness of coal sampled, 5' IIW-
Section B (8an>ple 8241) was cut from pillar in left entry 3, 1,200 feet southeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 5' 11%''; thickness of coal sampled, 5' 5%".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8240 and 8241 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8300.
These 3 analyses, as taken from page 243 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with an air-dried calculation of the analysis of the composite sample (8300) as published by Dr. I. C. White under No. 10, page 236, of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey, are given under Mine No. 191 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
8l2 COAL AND COKE.
"Notes. — The coal was undercut by hand at bottom of bed. It was not screened but was shipped in run-of-mine form without picking. It is a coking coal, but no coke was being made at the time of sampling in 1909. The daily output in July, 1909, averaged 200 tons, and the maximum day's run was 225 tons. The output was derived almost entirely from pillars. Thickness, fairly uniform, ranging from 4^ feet to 5^ feet. The roof is a dark-blue shale pieces of which at times got mixed with the coal in loading. There is a cap rock of sandstone 5 incnes above the coal. The floor is a hard clay with a smooth surface."
Newlyn Coal Co. "Newlyn" ("Thomas") Mine- No. 192 on Map II.
On northwest hillside of Dunloup Creek, at Newlyn, i mile southwest of Thurmond; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 1530' B.; section by Teets.
Feet. Inches.
Slate, 4' 0" to .• 30 0
Coal, soft, columnar 3 6
Fire clay floor, visible, good 5 0
"Organized in 190*5 under the above name; principal office, Newlyn, W. Va.; used for steam purposes; shipped east and west; output, 100 tons daily; capacity, 250 to 300 tons daily; number of men employed, 25 miners and 4 laborers; H. P. Thomas, Mine Foreman, authority for mine data."
The author also measured a section of the bed at this mine in 1907 and collected a sample for analysis, the results being pubHshed by Dr. White on page 184 of Volume 11 (A),
as follows:
Feet. Inches.
"Greatest rise, S. 40'' E.; butts, S. 60** E.; faces N. 30* E.; mine capacity, 200 tons; men employed, 90; analysis of sample published under No. 27 In Table No. 1, page 168, of Volume 11(A) and republished under the same number on page 218 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey; shipped largely for smithing and domestic use both east and west; some faulting in this coal, a drop of 10 feet being plainly visible; Harry P. Davis, the Mine Foreman, and Jas. H. Boyd, Secretary of the Company, authorities for mine data."
The analysis of this sample as made in the Survey Laboratory is given under Mine No. 192 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
WEST VIRGINIA GKOLOCnCAL SURVEY. 813
The bed was also measured and sampled at one point bj A. J. Hazlewood of the U. S. Geological Survey on July 30, 1909, as given on page 952 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Sample 8600 was cut from the face of room 5 on entry 2, 500 feet west of the drift mouth. It represented 2 feet 8% inches of coal. The analysis of this sample, as given on page 243 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, is given under Mine No. 192 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal at this mine was undercut with piclcs, and was shot down with black powder. The coal was loaded in run-of-mine form, there being no screens at the tipple. The estimated output of this mine in July, 1909, was 100 tons per day. and was derived entirely from advance work. Thickness, 2 feet 8 inches; roof, soft shale; floor, underclay with smooth surface."
Dunglen Coal Co. (McKell Estate) "Fire Creek Mine"—
No. 193 on Map II.
On southeast hillside of Dunloup Creek, 0.4 mile southeast of mouth of Camp Creek; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 1745' B.; section by the author as published by Dr. White on pages 183-4 of Volume 11(A) in 1908.
Feet. Inches.
1. Sandstone, Raleigh, massive, and concealed. . 106 0
2. Coal, soft, "Noah Jenklna** seam (Beckley).. 1 1
3. Sandstone, and slate, bluish, good roof 55 0
4. Coal, soft, 'Fire Creek 2 0
"Greatest rise, S. 40° E.; butts, S. 60° E.; faces, S. 30° W.; mine capacity, 10 tons; only a prospect mine; loaded with coal from Sewell seam above and shipped both east and west; for analysis of the coal samples taken here, see Table No. 1, page 166; principal office, Dun-glen, Fayette County, W. Va.; J. W. Hart, authority for mine data. The small seam of coal occurring here at 56 feet above the Fire Creek seam is locally known as the 'Noah Jenkins* bed, but it is most probably the representative of the Beckley Coal, the usual interval (109') separating it from the Fire Creek bed having thinned away, and become only 55 feet here instead of its usual thickness."
The analysis of this sample, as published on page 168 of Volume n(A), No. 26, and republished by Dr. White under the same number on page 218 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey, is given under Mine No. 193 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
c
Stonewall Coal & Coke Co. Exposure — No. 537 on Map II.
On Raleigh-Fayette County Line, 1.7 miles southwest of McKendree; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 1940' B.; section by Teets as puDlished by C. E. Krebs in Raleigh County Report of the Survey under No. 460 on page 543.
Feet. Inches.
Coal Prospect — No. 538 on Map II.
On northwest hillside of New River, 0.4 mile N. 5* W. of Terry; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 1930' B.; butts, N. 33** W^; faces N. 57** B.; greatest rise, southeast; section by Teets as published by C. E. Krebs under No. 459 on page 543 of the Raleigh County Report of the Survey.
Feet. Inches.
Coal (with shale roof and slate floor) 4 1
The analysis of a sample (456-T) collected from above mine by Teets, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, and published under No. 459 on page 640 of the Raleigh County Report of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 538 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Stonewall Coal & Coke Co. "Terry Mine"— No. 205 on Map II.
On west hillside of New River, % mile southwest of Terry; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 1940' B.; used in Terry Section, page 207; section by Teets as published by C. E. Krebs under No. 62 on pages 542-3 of the Raleigh County Report of the W. Va. Geological Survey; butts, N. 33° W.; faces, N. 57** E.; greatest rise, southeast; men employed, 110; daily output, 200 tons; coal shipped east to tidewater for steam purposes.
Feet. Inches.
The bed was also measured and sampled at three points by J. W. Groves of the U. S. Geological Survey on July 15, 1909, as given on page 1066 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8353) was cut from the face of room 11. off right entry 2, 2,200 feet north from the drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 11^".
Section B (sample 8354) was cut from the face of main entry 2, 2,000 feet west of the drift mouth; thickness of bed, 2' 6%"; thickness of coal sampled, 1' 9%".
West Virginia Geological Survey. 815
Section C (sample 8355) was cut from the face of left entry 1, in room 3, 1,000 feet south of the drift mouth; thickness of hed and of coal sampled, 3' 1".
A composite sample was made hy mixing the face samples 8353, 8354, and 8355 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8423.
These 4 analyses, as taken from page 291 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with an air-dried calculation of the analysis of the composite sample (8423) as published by Dr. White under No. 6 on page 235 of Bulletin 2 of the \V. Va. Geological Surve\, are given under Mine No. 205 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes- — the coal at this mine was undercut with picks and shot down with black powder. The tipple was equipped with bar screens with 2-inch spaces. It was capable of loading lump, screenings, and-run-of-mine coal, and had a storage-bin capacity of 100 tons. The coal was cleaned by two pickers as it was loaded on the railroad cars. The daily output of the mines at the time of sampling in 1909 was 350 Ions, derived largely from pillars. The coal varies considerably in thickness, ranging from 2 to 5 feet. The roof is fairly good in places and in others is rather bad, being a 'slippy' shale. Some of it fell, and got mixed with the coal in mining. The floor is a gray underclay^ which in general presents a fairly good surface for shoveling."
Sewell Mountain District.
In Sewell Mountain District, the thickness and stratigraphic position of the Fire Creek Coal are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Mouth of Manns Creek, Beury, Ravenseye, Corliss — 1 Mile North, Sims Schoolhouse, and Sievy Bridge Station ; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 97, 111, 119, and 120 on Map II, page references to all of which are given in the Index. This bed has long been operated commercially on the New River frontage of this District, four different mines having been opened on it here. In other localities it has been prospected considerably by the large land-holding companies. Its description at these mines, diggings, and other exposures follows.
8l6 COAL AND COKE.
Coal Opening — No. 539 on Map II.
On east hillside of New River, 1 mile due south of Sewell; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 1575' B.; section by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, black, visible 10 0
Coal mined here to supply residents on top of hill.
Fire Creek Coal & Coke Co. Opening — No. 540 on Map II,
on southeast hillside of New River, 0.3 mile S. 15^ E. of Fire Creek Station; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 1770' B., as determined by the author, had fallen shut and thickness of bed not learned.
Fire Creek Coal & Coke Co. "Fire Creek Mine"—
No. 194 on Map II.
On east hillside of Fire Creek, 1 mile S. 10** E. of Fire Creek Station; Fire Creek Coal; elevation,, 1865' B.; section by Teets at pit mouth, shows 4' 2" of coal with slate roof and floor.
"Has always run under this name — 40 years; used for domestic and steam purposes; shipped east and west; output, 200 tons daily; capacity, 250 to 300 tons daily; number of men employed, 70 miners and 20 laborers; H. H. Blackburn, Superintendent, authority for mine data."
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds reported a thickness of 3 feet 6 inches when they sampled the coal at this mine in 1W2 as reported along with the analysis under No. 1 on page 670 of Volume II by I. C. White. The analysis was republished by Dr. White under the same number on page 182 of Volume 11(A) and page 233 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. It is given under Mine No. 194 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The analysis of a sample of coke collected by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 1 on page 671 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 183 of Volume 11(A) and page 234 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 194 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 817
Beury Bros. Coal & Coke Co. (Fonnerly Echo Coal & Coke Co.) "Echo Mine"— No. 196 on Map II.
On south hillside of New River, i^ mile southwest of Beury; Fire Creek Coal; elevation^ 1560' B.; section by author.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, hard, roof
Coal, very soft, columnar 1' 10"
"Nearly all mined out." (For mine data, see description of mine No. 176, page 784).
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds reported a thickness of 4' 2" ci coal at this mine when they sampled the same for analysis in 1902. This analysis, as reported by Prof. Hite, was published by Dr. White under No. 3 on page 670 of Volume II, and republished by him under the same number on page 182 of Volume 11(A) and page 233 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, and it is given under Mine No. 196 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was also measured and sampled at two points by David White of the U. S. Geological Survey on June 30, 1909, as given on pages 953-4 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8242) was cut from Baltimore heading, left entry 5, 1^ miles from drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled 4' 5%".
Section B (sample 8243) was cut from Echo No. 2 of Klondike drift, left entry 1. 1,900 feet from mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 3%".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8242 and 8243 for an ultimate analysis, th# results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8289.
These 3 analyses, as taken from page 243 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 196 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal at this mine was undercut at the bottom part of the bed. The coal was all shipped in run-of-mine form without being picked. The daily output averaged 200 tons, and 250 tons was a maximum day's run in June, 1909. A large part of the old mine was abandoned on account of a squeeze. The mine was approaching exhaustion and the future tonnage was to be derived principally from pillars. Thickness, fairly uniform, averaging about 4% feet; roof, heavy blue shale with a smooth surface. The cap rock of sandstone is 24 feet above the coal. The floor is a hard smooth underclay."
8t8 coal and coke.
Big Bend Coal Co. "Dimmock Mine"— No. 197 on Map II.
On southeast hillside of New River, \i mile west of Dimmock; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 1535' B.; section by author measured on rib, 30 feet in; operating about 25 years.
Feet. Inches.
1. Sandstone, flaggy, hard, roof
2. CoaJ, soft, columnar 0' 6"
4. Coal, soft, columnar 2 10 3 7
"No. 3 of section is reported to thicken up to 18 inches in mine. Coal (4) is first taken out and then an auger hole bored at base of No. 2 to blow No. 3 down which is gobbed along with any loose coal that falls with it, then as much of No. 2 is saved as can be kept clean economically, says John Moses, an employee."
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds reported a thickness of 3' 3" when they measured and sampled the coal in 1902. The analysis, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 4 on page 670 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 182 of Volume 11(A) and page 233 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 197 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Thayer & Butler (Formerly Fire Creek Collieries Co.) "Pennbrook Mine"— No. 195 on Map II.
On Ephraim Creek, 1.4 miles S. 70° E. of Pennbrook; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2125' B.; examined by author; abandoned 5 or 6 years; reported pinched out by rOck.
Coal Opening — No. 541 on Ma^ II, on head of Ephraim Creek, 2 miles S. 40° W. of Landisburg,,is in the Fire Creek Coal, at an elevation of 2605' L., but the thickness of the bed was not learned.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 819
Coal Prospect — No. 542 on Map II.
On east bank of Butler Branch of Glade Creek, 0.8 mile due south of Landlsburg; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2390' L.; section by author.
Feet. Inches.
Concealed
Shale, dark, visible 2 0
Cannel slate 8" to 0 9
Coal, slaty.; 0' 3 "
Slate, bony 0 1
Coal, soft 1 3
Coal, gray harder 0 8
Coal, soft.' 1 11
Coal, soft 0 6%
Coal, bony 0 10 ... 5 7
Shale, gray 0 11
Bony slate 0 3
Shale, gray 5 0
Concealed to Butler Branch 7 0
Coal Prospect — No. 543 on Map II.
On west bank of Olade Creek, in south edge of Landisburg; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2340' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, bony, visible 0' 5"
Coal, soft 0 7
Slate, black, V/' to 0 1
Thos. Stead Coal Prospect — No. 544 on Map II.
On south hillside of Meadow River, 2.4 miles southeast of Russellville; Fire Creek Coat; elevation, 2120' B.; used in Corliss Section, page 201; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, gray, argillaceous visible 3 0
Coal, soft .' 0' 7 "
Slate, black 0 0%
Gauley Coal & Land Co. Digging (Closed) —
No. 545 on Map II.
On north bank of Burdette Creek, 0.2 mile east from Meadow River; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2330' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, reported by Mr. H. W. Osborne 1 6
Sulphur spring here. This coal belongs immediately on top of a grayish-white, quartzitic sandstone (Pineville?) cliff, 30 to 50 feet thick.
Gauley Coal & Land Co. Digging (Closed) —
No. 546 on Map II.
On south bank of Burdette Creek, 0.35 mile east from Meadow River; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2340' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, reported by Mr. H. W. Osborne 1 8
A. F. Crookshank Coal Opening — No. 547 on Map II.
On west hillside of Meadow River, 0.4 mile northwest of Rader Ford; Fire Creek Coat; elevation, 2405' B.; examined by author; digrging closed.
Feet. Inches. Coal, reported by Morris Crookshank and Jas. A. Amick, 2' 0" to 2 6
Coal Exposure — No. 548 on Map II.
In hill road^ 1.2 miles west of Rainelle; Fire Creek Coal; elevation^ 2825' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, soft, visible 1 3
Coal Prospect — No. 549 on Map II.
On west hillside of Sewell Creek, ^ mile N. 25" W. of Sievy Bridge Station; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2935' B.; used in Sievy Bridge Station Section, page 205; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, reported at closed prospect by Mr. Geo. Sievy 1 6
West Virginia Geological Survey. 82 1
Quinnimont District.
In Quinnimont District and the immediately adjoining region, the thickness and stratigraphic position of the Fire Creek Coal are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter JV for Terry, Royal, Grandview — Royal, Quinnimont — North Side, Quinnimont — South Side, and Lawton — J4 Mile Southwest; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 144-151, inclusive, on M'ap II, page references to all of which are given in the Index. On the New River frontage and on the waters of Laurel Creek, the Fire Creek Coal has long been mined commercially. In other localities it has been prospected considerably by the large land-holding companies. Its description at these commercial mines, diggings, and other exposures follows.
Stone Cliff Coal & Coke Co. (Formerly Bcury Coal & Coke
On east hillside of New River, \^ mile east of Stonecliff; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 1715' B.; section by Teets. at pit mouth.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, visible 10 0
Slate, dark 6 0
Coal 0' 9"
Slate, black 0 2
"Principal office, Charleston; used for steam and domestic purposes; shipped east and west; output, 200 tons daily; capacity, 300 tons daily; number of men employed, 40 miners and 14 laborers; electric haulage; 75 coke ovens, not now in use; J. H. Dempsey, Superintendent, authority for mine data."
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds also reported a thickness of 3' lj4" when they measured and sampled this bed in 1902. The analysis of the sample they collected, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 6 on page 670 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 182 of Volume 11(A) and page 233 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 198 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter. The mine at that time was being operated by the Beury Coal & Coke Company.
Brady and Edmonds also collected a sample of the coke manufactured at this mine, the analysis of which by Prof. Hite was published by Dr. White under No. 3 on page 671 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 183 of Volume 11(A) and page 234 of Bulletin 2 of ihe Survey. This analysis is given under Mine No. 198 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was also measured and sampled at two points by David White and H. M. Wolflin on June 19, 1909, as given on pages 947-8 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 7995) was cut from room 5, off left entry 1> off main entry 1 400 feet west of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled/3''lOH".
Section B (sample 7998) was cut from room 1, off right entry 1, off main entry, 1,500 feet north of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 5' 2%".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 7995 and 7998 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8250.
These 3 analyses, as taken from page 240 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with an air-dried calculation of the analysis of the composite sample (8250) published by Dr. White under No. 8 on page 235 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey, are given under Mine No. 198 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal was undercut by hand in the bottom part of bed and was shot down with black powder. The tipple was not equipped with screens, and consequently the entire output was shipped as run-of-mine coal. The mine when measured and sampled in 1909 was running at about its full capacity and was averaging from 250 to 300 tons per day. No pillar pulling was done. Thickness, rather irregular, due to local rolls; roof, strongly bedded sandstone, underlain for the most part with blue clay shale; floor, hard smooth clay; cover about 150 feet thick.*'
West Virginia Geological Survey. 823
Becchwood Coal & Coke Co. "No. 2 Mine"—
No. 199 on Map II.
On east hillside of New River, In branch, 1 mile N. 40'' E. of Claremont; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2005' B.; section by author 300' to 400' in on rib; entry down 1% to 1% miles.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, black, roof
Coal, soft, 0" to 0' 7"
Shale, gray, 0" to 0 5
Coal, soft 1 6
Coal, gas, harder 0 6
Coal averages slightly over S^/i> feet, but sometimes reaches 5 feefc; rope haulage; data for Mines Nos. 2 (199) and 1 (200): Principal office, Claremont; started operating in 1886; lease of Beury Coal & Coke -Co., Little Fire Creek Coal & Coke Co.^ and Buffalo Creek Coal Co.; output, 650 long tons 9-hour day; men employed, 80 inside and 20 outside; ship run-of-mine coal for steam, mostly east; E. L. Hawley. Superintendent, authority for mine data.
The bed w^as measured and sampled at two points by R. Y. Williams of the U. S. Geological Survey on July 2, 1909, as given on pages 911-912 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8069) was cut from the face of the John Porter entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 5%".
Section B (sample 8061) was cut from the face of the Ofd Folks entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 9".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8059 and 8061 tor an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8293.
These 3 analyses, as taken from pages 224 and 225 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with an air-dried calculation of the analysis of the composite sample (8293) as published by Dr. White under No. 4 on page 235 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey, are given under Mine No. 199 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes.— (Applying to Mines Nos. 199 and 200).— The coal at these mines was undercut by hand in bottom part of bed, and was shot down with black powder. It is a coking coal, but there were no ovens at this plant. The entire output was shipped in run-of-mine fornix The daily output in July, 1909, averaged 400 tons, and 600 tons was
the maximum day's run. The future output was to be derived from both advance work and pillars. Thickness, fairly uniform, ranging as mined from 3 feet 6 inches to 4 feet 7 inches; dip 1** northwest; roof, blue carbonaceous slate 4 feet to 8 feet thick, which does not fall with the coal; floor, hard clay with smooth surface; cover, for the most part. 50 to 300 feet."
Beech wood Coal & Coke Co. "Mine No. 1" —
No. 200 on Map II.
On east hillside of New River 0.3 mile northeast of Claremont; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2070' B-; section by author, 200 to 300 feet in.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, gray, harder 0 6
Coal, soft 2 3 3 10
Shale, gray, sandy, visible
Entry is driven in about 2 miles; rope haulage; coal reported about 3 feet at face. For other mine data and notes, see description of Mine No. 2 (No. 199 on Map II) of this company on preceding pages.
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds reported a thickness of 4' 11" when they measured and sampled this mine in 1902. The analysis of this sample, as reported by Prof. Hite and pubHshed by Dr. White under No. 7 on page 670 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page
182 of Volume 11(A) and page 235 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 200 in Table 1 at the end t»f this Chapter.
Brady and Edmonds also collected a sample of the coke at this mine for analysis by Prof. Hite, whose results were published by Dr. White under No. 2 on page 671 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page
183 of Volume 11(A) and page 234 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. This analysis is given under Mine No. 200 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was also measured and sampled at three points by R. Y. Williams of the U. S. Geological Survey on July 1, 1909, as given on pages 911-912 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 825
Section A (sample 8060) was cut from the face of the Simpson entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 7%",
Section B (sample 8062) was cut from the face of the Harry Jones entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 3%".
Section C (sample 8063) was cut from the face of the Beechwood main entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 6%".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8060, 8062, and 8063 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8115-
These 4 analyses, as tafeen from pages 224 and 225 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with an air-dried calculation of the analysis of the composite sample (8115) as published by Dr. White under No. 3 on page 235 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey, are given under Mine No. 200 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
Alaska Coal & Coke Co. (Abandoned Entry) "Alaska Mine"—
No. 201 on Map II.
On north hillside of New River, 0.3 mile north of Alaska; Fir© Creek Coal; elevation, 2160' B.; section by author at knuckle of old incline.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone, visible 10 0
Shale, bluish-gray, laminated, siliceous 25 0
Coal, soft, columnar, 3' 0" to 3 3
Slate, gray, visible 1 6
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds Reported a thickness of 4' 1" when they sampled this mine for analysis in 1902, as p:iven by Dr. White along with the analysis by Prof. Hite imder No. 8 on page 670 of Volume II. This analysis was riso republished by Dr. White under the same number on page 182 of Volume 11(A) and page 233 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, and is given under Mine No. 201 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was also measured and sampled at two points by J. W. Groves of the U. S. Geological Survey on July 8, 1909, as given on pages 906-7 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8169) was cut from a pillar in Bradley's room» about 5,200 feet north of the drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 8%".
Section B (sample 8170) was cut from a pillar in the Davis entry, about 6,500 feet north of the drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' li4".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8169 and 8170 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8294.
These 3 analyses, as taken from pages 222 and 223 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 201 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
**Notes. — The coal was all loaded as run-of-mine coal. Two men loaded the coal at the tipple, picked slate, and trimmed the cars. The coal as mined ranges in thickness from 3 feet 6 inches to 4 feet 4 inches. The roof is of strong blue shale, which does not fall in the rooms. In the pillar drawing very little of the roof is mixed with the coal. The floor is of hard smooth underclay."
Alaska Coal & Coke Co. "Drift No. 2"— No. 202 on Map II.
On north hillside of New River^ 0.9 mile N. 85°. E. of Alaska; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2175' B.; mine closed and abandoned (in 1914); used in Alaska — 0.8 Mile East Section, page 206.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, 3' 0" to 4 0
Ephraims Creek Coal & Coke Co., Ephraims Creek" ("Buffalo") Mine— No. 203 on Map II.
On east hillside of New River at Ephraim; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2390' B.; section at' main entry, 250 feet in, by author.
Feet. Inches.
Slate roof, black, good
Started operating in 1902; main heading is driven back 2% miles between Slater and Buffalo Creeks; output, 600 to 700 long tons daily; men employed, 125 miners and 30 laborers; shipped east and west for steam; the western shipments have about 10 per cent, of slack screened out; slack for forging^ and blacksmithing use; coal owned in fee; T. C. Harmon, Electrician, authority for mine data.
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds reported a thickness of 3' 11" when they measured and sampled this bed for analysis in 1902. The analysis, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 12 on pages 670 and 671 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number en page 182 of Volume 11(A) and page 233 of Bulletin 2 of
West Virginia Geological Survey. 827
the Survey, is given under Mine No. 203 in 1 able 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was also measured and sampled at four points by J. J. Rutledge and at one point by J. W. Groves, both of the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 7 and 8, 1909, as given on pages 951-2 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8167) was cut from room 1, off Slater Hill to Buffalo haulway, 2,300 feet northeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 4' 4Vij"; thickness of coal sampled^ 3' 10^^".
Section B (santple 8174) was cut from the face of room 2, off left entry 2, off left entry 9, 3,200 feet northwest of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 7^".
Section C (sample 8175) was cut from point near face of right entry 9, off right entry 2, 3,400 feet north of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' b%".
Section D (sa^iple 8199) was cut from the face, 1,000 feet west of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 3' 6''; thickness of coal sampled, 3' 0".
Section E (sample 8213) was cut from the face of north heading, 5,000 feet north of drift mouth.
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8167, 8174, 8175, 8199^ and 8213 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8290-
These 6 analyses, as taken from pages 242 and 243 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 203 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes.. — The coal at this mine was undercut by electric chain cutters and by hand, and was shot down with black powder. The tipple was equipped with bar screens with 1%- and %-inch spaces. The coal was picked on the cars by four or five trimmers. The daily output in July, 1909, averaged 1,100 tons, and 1,200 tons was a maximum day's run. The output in the near future was to be derived largely from pillars. Thickness, from 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet 3 Inches; main roof, dark shale of good quality with a smooth surface; roof has a thickness of 6 feet up to the sandstone cap rock; floor, hard gray underclay with rather smooth surface; cover from 30 to 250 feet thick."
The bed was also measured and sampled at one point in the mine by J. J. Rutledge, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on June 20, 1910, as given on page 351 of Bulletin 85 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 10629) was measured at the face of room 5 off right entry 5 ofT the Slater entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 6".
The analysis of this sample, as taken from page 114 of the last-mentioned Bulletin, is given under Mine No. 203 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The mine is worked by the room-and-pillar system. At the time of sampling, FFF black powder was used for breaking coal after undercutting it with electric chain cutters. The coal was screened over 1%-inch bar screens, and the screenings were passed over a %- inch screen. Pickers were employed on the car when loading; the capacity of the storage bins was 200 tons. There were two loading tracks. Practically all of the coal produced was from advanced workings. Daily output, 1 100 tons. Average thickness, 42 inches; dip, 3° west; roof, strong dark-gray shale about 4 feet thick; floor, hard smooth gray shale; coal bed contains some cannel coal."
Phoenix Coal Co. (Formerly Slater Coal Co., New River
Colliery Co., and Ridgeview Coal Co.) "Slater"
Mine — No. 204 on Map II.
On southeast hillside of New River, 0-7 mile due east of Thayer; Fire Creek Coal; elevation^ 2245' B.; section by Brady and Edmonds.
Feet. Inches. Coal 3 5
The above mine was opened more than 30 years ago and was just starting up in October, 1916, after a shut down of about one year, according to J. C. Jones who lives on this property.
The analysis of a sample of coal collected at this mine by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds, as reported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under No. 13 on pages 670 and 671 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 182 of Volume 11(A) and page 233 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 204 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Wright Coal & Coke Co. Mine No. 2— No. 206 on Map II.
On east side of Piney Creek, 0.7 mile south from New River, in Raleigh County; Fire Creek CoaJ; elevation, 2000' B.; butts, N. 30** W.; faces, N. 60° E.; greatest rise, southeast; capacity, 150 tons; men employed, 60; Frank P. Christian, President, Lynchburg, Va.; section by Teets^ as published under Mine No. 65 on page 546 of the Raleigh County Report of the Survey by C. E. Krebs.
Feet. Inches.
Wkst Virginia Geological Survey. 829
Royal Coal & Coke Co., "Royal Mine"— No. 207 on Map II.
On south hillside of New River, 0.3 mile due south of Royal, in Raleigh County; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2020' B.; butts, N. 40** W.; faces^ N. SO"" E.; greatest rise, southeast; men employed, 50; daily output, 150 tons; used for domestic and steam purposes; shipped, east and west; E. E. Huddleston, General Manager, authority for mine data; section by Teets as published by C. E. Krebs under No. 64 on pages 545-6 of the Raleigh County Report of the W. Va. Geological Survey; used in Royal Section, page 208.
Feet. Inches.
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds reported a thickness of 3' 4J/2" when they measured and sampled this mine in 1902 as given with the analysis by Prof. Hite under No. 16 on pages 670 and 671 of Volume II by Dr. White, who republished the analysis under the same number on pages 182 and 183 of Volume 11(A) and page 233 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. This analysis is given under Mine No. 207 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Glade Creek Land Co. Prospect — No. 550 on Map II.
On south hillside of New River, 2.2 miles west of Glade (Krlse P. O.), in Raleigh County; Fir© Creek Coal; elevation. 2200' B; butts, N. 40** W.; faces^ N. 60° E.; not fully under cover; section by G. R. Krebs as publish*ed by C. E. Krebs under Mine No. 467 on page 647 of the Raleigh County Report of the Survey.
Feet. Inches- Coal, gas (with slate roof and fire clay floor) ... 2 10
Glade Creek Land Co. Prospect — No. 551 on Map II.
On south hillside of New River. 1.7 miles southwest of Glade (Krise P. O.), in Raleigh County; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2310' B.; driven in about 60 feet; butts, N. 40** W.; faces. N. 50° E.; section by G. R. Krebs as published by C. E. Krebs under Mine No. 471 on page 548 of the Raleigh County Report of the Survey.
Feet. Inches- Coal, gas (with slate roof and fire clay floor) ... 4 2
*'The analysis of a sample collected by J. B. Dilworth for E. V. d'lnvilli^rs (No. 248) as reported by A. S. McCreath, of Harrlsburg, Pa., is as follows:
Per cent
"Moisture 0.473
Volatile Matter 19.608
Fixed Carbon 76.267
Ash 3.652
Total 100.000
Sulphur 0.668"
Glade Creek Land Co. Prospect — No. 552 on Map II.
On west hillside of Glade Creek, 1.4 miles S. 25** W. of Glade (Krise P. O.), in Raleigh County; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2580' B.; butts, N. 42** W.; faces, N. 48* E.; section by Teets as published by C. E. Krebs under Mine No. 475 on page 549 of the Raleigh County Report of the Survey.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, gas (with slate roof and fire clay floor) ... 3 3
"This opening was sampled by J. B. Dilworth for E. V. d'Invilliers (No. 251) and the analysis a.& made by A. S. McCreath^ of Harrisburg, Pa., is as follows:
Per cent.
"Moisture 0.498
Volatile Matter 19.493
Fixed Carbon 72.184
Ash 7.825
Total 100.000
Sulphur 0.741"
Glade Creek Land Co. Prospect — No. 553 on Map II.
On west hillside of Glade Creek, 1.7 miles S. 20** W. of Glade (Krise P. O.), in Raleigh County; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2600' B.; butts, N. 40° W.; faces, N. 50° E.; section by G. R. Krebs as published by C. E. Krebs under Mine No. 476 on page 550 of the Raleigh County Report of the Survey.
Feet. Inches.
Jas. H. Huling Prospect — No. 554 on Map II.
On south hillside of New River, 1 mile S. 45** E. of Glade (Krise P. O.), in Raleigh County ; Fire Creek CoaJ; elevation, 2550' B.; butts, N. 35° W.; faces, N. 55° E.; section by G. R. Krebs as published by C. E. Krebs under Mine No. 514 on page 560 of the Raleigh County Report of the Survey.
Feet. Inches.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 83I
The analysis of a sample collected from No. 3 by J. B. Dilworth for E. V. d'Invllliers and analyzed by A. S. McCreath of Harrisburg, Pa., as published in Volume 11(A), page 183, of the Survey Reports, reads
as follows:
Per cent.
"Moisture 1.364
Volatile Matter 19.718
Fixed Carbon 71.603
Ash 7.320
Total 100.000
Sulphur 0.492"
Glade Creek Land Co. Prospect — No. 555 on Map II.
On south hillside of New River, 1.8 miles S. 70'' E. of Glade (Krise P. O.), in Raleigh Qpunty; Fire Creek Coal; elevation 2660' B.; not fully under cover; section by G. R. Krebs as published by C. E. Krebs under Mine No. 513 on page 559 of the Raleigh County Report of the Survey.
Feet. Inches.
Coal (with shale roof and fire clay floor) 5 0
Glade Creek Land Co. Prospect — No. 556 on Map II.
On south hillside of New River, 2.2 miles S. 70** B. of Glade (Krlse P. O.), in Raleigh County; butts, N. 40*' W.; faces, N. 50** E.; section by G. R. Krebs as published by C. B. Krebs under Mine No. 512 on page 559 of the Raleigh County Report of the Survey.
Feet. Inches. Coal, gas (with slate roof and Are clay floor)
Fire Creek 5 3
Quinnimont Coal Co. Mine — No. 208 on Map II.
On south hillside of Laurel Creek, 0.8 mile S. 40** E. of Quinni-. mont; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2200' B.; used in Quinnimont — South Side Section, page 212; closed, examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, reported only 30 inches thick, but southwest on point reported by Jasper Bwing to have attained a thickness of 4 0
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds collected a sample of the coke manufactured at this mine in 1902 and the analysis, as '■eported by Prof. Hite and published by Dr. White under Xo. ? on page 671 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 183 of Volume n(A) and page 234
of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, is given under Mine No. 208 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter.
Quinnimont Coal Co. Old Drift — No. 557 on Map II, on s^outh hillside of Laurel Creek, 1J4 niiles S. 65° E. of Quinnimont, in the Fire Creek Coal, at an elevation of 226(y B., as determined by the author, was a closed old abandoned drift and thickness of bed not learned.
Quinnimont Coal Co. Old Drift — No. 558 on Map II, on south hillside of Laurel Creek, 1.9 miles S. 65° E. of Quinnimont, at low gap, in the Fire Creek Coal, at an elevation of 2325' B., as determined by the author, was an abandoned and closed old drift, the thickness of the coal not being learned.
Export Coal Co. (Formerly Robins Coal Co.) "Export Mine" —
No. 209 on Map II.
On north hillside "of Laurel Creek, 24 miles northeast of Quinnimont; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2440' B.; section by A. J. Hazlewood; correlation by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, fragile, 1' 11" to 3 10%
The author went back 500 to 600 feet in the main heading but could only get 2 feet of top portion of bed, the track having been raised — nobody outside, but mine was running.
The bed was also reported to have a thickness of 3' 9" by Messrs. Brady and Edmonds when they sampled it for analysis by Prof. Hite in 1902 as given under No. 9 on page j670 of Volume II by Dr. White who republished the analysis under the same number on page 182 of Volume 11(A) and page 233 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. This analysis is given under Mine No. 209 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was measured and sampled at four points by A. J. Hazlewood, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 5, 1909, as given on page 943 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8891) was cut from the face of right entry 9; thickness of bed, 3' 10%"; thickness of coal sampled, 3' 7%".
Section B (sample 8285) was cut from the face of main entry, 1,600 feet from drift mouth;' thickness of bed and of coal sampled 2' 61/2".
West Virginia Geological Survey. 833
Section C (aampio 8284) was cut from the face of left entry 1, 200 feet from main entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 1' 11".
Section D (sample 8286) was cut from the face of right entry 9, 500 feet from main entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 8".
A conmpoeite sanr^pie was made by mixing samples 8284 and 8285 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under labora- 'tory No. 8315.
These 5 analyses, as taken from page 238 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 209 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal at this mine was mined by hand near the top of the bed, and was shot down with black powder. The tipple was not equipped with screens; the entire output was shipped as run-of-mine coal. This is a coking coal, but there was no ovens at this plant. The dally output of the mine in July^ 1909, averaged 160 tons, and 200 tons was a maximum day's run. The future output was to be derived from advance workings. Thickness, fairly uniform, varying from 2 feet to 4 feet; main roof, tough shale, particles of which at times get mixed with the coal in loading; floor, hard sandstone or clay with smooth but rolling surface."
Laurel Creek Coal Co. "Laurel Creek Mine" —
No. 210 on Map II.
On north hillside of Laurel Creek^ ^, mile below mouth of Little Laurel Creek; Fire Creek Coal; eleva'tion, 2455' B.; started about 26 years ago; section by l^rady and Edmonds.
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds also collected a sample of the coal for analysis by Prof. Hite whose results were published by Dr. White under No. 10 on page 670 of Volume II and republished under the same number by him on page 182 of Volume 11(A) and page 233 of Bulletin 2 of the Sur- \ey. This analysis is given under Mine No. 210 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was also measured and sampled at three points on July 5, 1909, by C. A. Fisher, and later at one point by A. J. Hazlewood, of the U. S. Geological Survey, as given on page 927 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8073) was cut from left straight heading 1; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 9''.
Section B (sample 8074)) was cut from left heading 7; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 9i^".
Section C (sample 8075) was cut from right heading 12; thickness of bed. 3' 11"; thickness of coal sampled. 3' 9".
Section D (sample 8892) was cut from face of left heading 1, off main heading 12. about 4,000 feet northwest of opening; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' SW.
A composite sample has been made by mixing samples 8073. 8074. and 8075. The results of an ultimate analysis of this sample are shown under laboratory No. 8119.
These 5 analyses, as taken from pages 231 and 232 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with an air-dried calculation of the analysis of the composite sample (8119) as published by Dr. White under No. 15 on page 236 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Sur\'ey, are given under Mine No. 210 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal was mined by hand in the top coal. The tipple was not equipped with screens, so that the entire output of the mine was shipped as run-of-mine coal. The daily output at the time of sampling averaged about 400 tons, and 500 tons was a maximum day's run. There was approximately 2 900 acres of coal to be taken out from the opening. Thickness, nearly uniform, ranging as mined from about 3 feet 4 inches to 4 feet 6 inches; roof, hard, blue slate, between which and the coal there is sometimes a draw slate; floor^ hard, smooth, shaly underclay."
*
Glendale Colliery Co. (Abandoned) "Glendale Mine" —
No. 211 on Map II.
On south hillside of Laurel Creek, ^ mile east of mouth of L#ittle Laurel Creek; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2485' B.; used in Lawton — ^^ Mile Southwest Section, page 213; started about 18 to 20 years ago; abandoned 3 or 4 years.
Feet. Inches.
The bed was also measured and sampled in two places by J. W. Groves of the U. S. Geological Survey on July 9, 1909, as given on page 922 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8176) was cut from room 1 on right entry 1, off daylight entry, 800 feet north of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' V//'-
West Virginia Geological Survey. 835
Section B (sample 8200) was cut from room 2, Beck Burt enti7> 1,400 feet north of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 0".
A composite analysis was made by mixing samples 8176 and 8200. The results of an ultimate analysis of this sample are shown under laboratory No. 8410.
These 3 analyses, as taken from page 229 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 211 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter,
"Notes. — The coal at this mine was undercut with picks and shot down with powder. The entire work was in pillars^ so very little shooting was required. Run-of-mine coal only was loaded. The mine in July, 1909, had a capacity of 350 tons, and the daily average output was 250 tons- The thickness of this coal ranges from 3 feet 10 inches to 4 feet 4 inches. The roof is a hard, smooth, black shale. The floor is a hard underclay which has a smooth surface. The conditions were favorable for loading clean coal."
Glendale CoUicry Co. (Abandoned) Old Drift Opening — No. 212 on Map II, on south hillside of Little Laurel Creek, 0.7 mile east of Backus, in the Fire Creek Coal, at an elevation of 262(y B., as determined by the author, had been worked out and abandoned in 1916.
Coal Exposure — No. 559 on Map II.
In ridge road, 0.9 mile southwest of Backus; Fire Creek Coal; elevation^ 2545' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal blossom, 2' 0" to 3 0
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. Prospect—No. 560 on Map II, on point, >4 mile S. 20'' W. of Backus, in the Fire Creek Coal, at an elevation of 2627' L., as determined by the author, was closed and no section obtained.
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. Prospect— No. 561 on Map II, on north side of road, J4 mile west of Harrah Schoolhouse, 0.9 mile southeast of Backus, in the Fire Creek Coal, at an elevation of 2645' L., as determined by the author, was closed and no section obtained.
Quinnimont Coal & Coke Co. "Big Q Mine"—
No. 213 on Map II.
On south hillside of Laurel Creek, 0.2 mile southwest of Lawton; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2429' L.; started 24 or 25 years ago; section by Brady and Edmonds.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 4 4
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds also collected a sample of the coal from this mine for analysis by Prof. Hite whose results were published by Dr. White under No. 11 on page 670 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 182 of Volume 11(A) and page 233 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey. This analysis is given under Mine No. 213 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
The bed was also measured and sampled b)^ J. J. Rut-* ledge of the U. S. Geological Survey on July 9, 1909, at three points, as given on pages 928-9 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (aavnple 8197) was cut from left entry 1, oft right entry 2, about 900 feet north of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 3' 9"; thickness of coal sampled, 3' ^W-
Section B (8214) was cut from break-through between right entry 2 and air-course, about 3,000 feet northeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 3' 914"; thickness of coal sampled, 3' 8%".
Section C (sample 8215) was cut from break-through between right entry 2 and air-course, 2000 feet northwest of drift mouth; thickness of bed, 4' 1%"; thickness of coal sampled, 4' 1".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8197, 8214, and 8215 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8299.
These 4 analyses, as taken from page 232 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with an air-dried calculation of the analysis of the composite sample (8299) as published by Dr. White under No. 11 on page 236 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey, are given under Mine No. 213 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal was mined by hand and was shot down with black powder. The entire output was shipped as run-of-mine coal. The daily output in July, 1909, averaged about 300 tons and that was also the capacity of the mine with its equipment at that time. The future output was to be derived from both advance work and from pillars. Thickness, nearly uniform, ranging as mined from about 3 feet 8 inches to 4 feet 3 inches; roof, strong, dark shale; floor, dark, hard shale."
West Virginia Geological Survey. 837
Greenwood Coal Co. ("Slater Hollow Drift") Mine— -
No. 214 on Map II.
On branch of Tank Hollow, 1.2 miles N. 50** W. of Lawton; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2550' B.; section by author taken 100 feet in on rib; still rising rapidly northwest; started about 25 years ago.
Feet. Inches.
Slate roof, bluish-black, visible 5 0
Coal, gray, medium-hard, columnar. 0 6
Coal, soft, columnar 2 3 4 0
Slate gray, visible
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds also reported a thickness ot 4' 0" when they measured and sampled this bed for analysis by Prof. Ilite in 1902. This analysis was published by Dr. White under No. 14 on pages 670 and 671 of Volume II and republished by him under the same number on page 182 of Volume 11(A) and page 233 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, and it is given under Mine No. 214 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Messrs. Brady and Edmonds also collected a sample of ^he coke manufactured at this mine, the analysis of which by Prof. Hite was published by Dr. White under No. 4 on page (-71 of \"olume II and republished by him under the same number on page 183 of Volume 11(A) and page 234 of Bulletin 2 of the Survey, and it is given under Mine No. 214 in Table 2 at the end of this Chapter. »
Greenwood Coal Cp. "Slater Creek Entry" —
No. 215 on Map II.
On north side of road, east side of Slater Creek, 1-7 miles N. 50* W. of Lawton; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2595' B.; section by author 200 feet in, on rib.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, bluish-black, visible 3 0
Coal, soft 0' 11"
Coal, gray medium-hard 0 7
The author also measured another section of the coal in this mine at the northwest portal of "Mud Tunnel", 60 yards southeast of the Slater Creek Entry, as follows :
Feet Inches.
Coal, gray, harder. 0 6
Coal, soft 2 6 4 2
This mine was opened about 25 years ago.
The bed was also measured and sampled at two points on July 10, 1909, by J. W. Groves, and at two points July 10, 1909, by J. J. Rutledge, of the U. S. Geological Survey, as given on pages 927-8 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8168) was cut from last hreak-through in Valentine entry, about 1,100 feet south of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 2".
Section B (sample 8198) was cut from neck of room 6 on right entry 2, off Valentine entry; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' lOiy^".
Section C (sample 8177) was cut from right entry 2, off entry 7, about 3,600 feet northwest of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 10%".
Section D (sample 8212) was cut from Moss's entry ^ about 5,700 feet northwest of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 3%".
Two composite samples were made: (1) by mixing samples Nos. 8168 and 8198 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 840T; (2) by mixing samples 8212 and 8177 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8408.
These 6 analyses, as taken from page 232 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, are given under Mine No. 215 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — The coal was undercut in the bed and was shot down with black blasting powder. The bin was equipped with bar screens 12 xeet long with li^-inch and %-inch openings. The screens in July, 1909, were not in use, the entire output being shipped as run-of-mine coal. The coal was picked on the car by four trimmers. The daily output in July, 1909, averaged about 150 tons and 300 tons was the capacity
West Virginia Geological Survey. 839
of the mine. The future output for some time to come was to be derived almost entirely from pillar work. The mine operator had about 3.500 acres practically untouched. Thickness, very uniform, ranging as mined from about 3% feet to 4*4 feet; roof, strong, dark shale; floor, hard, gray shaly underclay."
Greenwood Coal Co. "Mud Tunnel Drift"—
No. 216 on Map II.
On west hillside of Chestnut Knob Fork of Laurel, 1 mile due north of Lawton; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2490' B.; section by author in 1st Left off Mud Tunnel.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, soft, columnar 1' 1"
Coal, gray, medium-hard 0 4
Mr, W. M. Hurt, Foreman, says draw slate occurs only in patches, roof fairly good and always slate, either black or white; opened 26 to 26 years ago.
Hemlock Hollow Coal & Coke Co. "Hemlock Mine —
No. 217 on Map II.
In Hemlock Hollow, 0.7 mile northeast of Lawton; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2419' L.; section by author at entrance of main entry.
Feet. Inches.
Shale |15 0
Coal, soft, Fire Creek 3 10
Fire clay shale 4 0
Shale, dark 2 0
Coal, slaty 0 6
Fire clay shale to railroad grade 8 0
"Drift starts in below coal."
The author also measured another section of the coal in this mine, as follows :
Feet Inches.
Shfile bluish-black, visible 15 0
Coal, * soft 0' 7"
Coal, gray, medium-hard 0 5
Coal, soft 2 5 3 6
Slate, gray visible
Principal office, Lawton, W. Va.; lease from J. L. Beury Heirs and Laurel Creek Land Co.; average output, 250 long tons; capacityp 350 tons, 9-hour day; all run-of-mine coal; shipped mostly to tide-water for steam; men employed, 46 inside and 14 outside; R. W. Robb, Bookkeeper, authority for mine data. Started operation 15 to 18 years ago.
The bed was measured and sampled at two points in the mine by K. M. Way, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on September 28, 1907, as given on pages 920-1 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 5419) was measured in the face of left entry 4, off drift 1, 1,600 feet northeast of the mine mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled 3' 11%".
Section B (safnple 5420) was measured in the face of right entry 2, off drift 4, 900 feet east of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 10".
The bed was also measured and sampled at two points by J. J. Rutledge, and at two points by J. W. Groves on July M, 1919, and at two points by A. J. Hazlewood, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on August 10, 1909, as given on page 921 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8238) was cut from face of main heading, near left entry 11; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 9^^".
Section B (sample 8239) was cut from neck of room 5. off left entry 6, about 2,500 feet northwest of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 8%".
Section C (sample 8351) was cut from a point about l.SOO feet east of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 6''.
Section D (sample 8352) was cut from a point about 2,000 foet north of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 11%".
Section E (sample 8893) was cut from room 5, off left entry 6, about 2,500 feet northwest of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 9".
Section (sample 8894) was cut from room 1, off entry 12, about 3,600 feet northeast of drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' IOV2".
A composite 9amp\e was made by mixing samples 8351, 8352, and 8238 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8421.
These 9 analyses, as taken from pages 228 and 229 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, as also analysis of sample No. 5575 from a car sample of run-of-mine coal from page 229 of the same Bulletin being republished from page 16 Qt Bulletin 362 of the U. S. Geological Survey, together with air-dried calculations of sample No. 8238 and composite
J
West Virginia Geological Survey. 84I
sample No. 8421, as given under Nos. 16 and 17, respectively, by Dr. White on page 236 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey, are given under Mine No. 217 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
•'Notes. — The coal was undercut in the bed and was shot down with black powder. The tipple was equipped with bar screens with IV^-inch and %-inch openings. The coal was picked on the car by about four trimmers. The reported daily output in 1909 was about 1,000 tons and 1,300 tons was the capacity of the mine. The future output was to be derived largely from pillars. At this mine the bed lies nearly flat and has an average thickness* of 3 feet 11 inches. Roof^ hard, gray shale, or slate, 6 feet thick, capped with strongly bedded sandstone; floor, shale or gray, shaly underclay (fairly hard and smooth)."
Briquetting Tests.
The following briquetting tests of coal from Mine No. 217 on Map II (Jamestown No. 8 sample) are taken from pages 22-24 of Bulletin 385 of the U. S. Geological Survey :
''Sample consisted of two cars of semi-bituminous run-of-mine coal from a mine working the Quinnimont (Fire Creek) bed, Lawton, Fayette County, W. Va. on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway.
"This coal was briquetted with binders as follows: Tests 263, 264, and 270 with flour binder alone; test 271 with water-gas pitch alone; and the remaining tests, Nos. 265, 266, 267, 268, and 269, with various mixtures of flour and water-gas pitch.
"All the briquets made with flour alone disintegrated very rapidly • on exposure to the weather, and one sample (from test No. 270) crumbled to slack when handled after being Immersed in water for twenty-four hours. The briquets made with 1 per cent, of flour binder were not strong enough to be satisfactory, but all the other briquets made with flour alone or with a mixture of flour and water-gas pitch stood the cohesion tests better than the briquets which had only water-gas pitch for a binder. A comparison of tests 267, 268, and 269 with test 271 shows that in the flrst three tests the drop and tumbler percentages are higher than in the fourth test. All briquets containmg any flour soon became covered with a green mold when stored in a damp place and lost strength, but those stored in a dry place developed no mold, and even after eight months were apparently as good as when first made. In making briquets with flour alone, some difficulty was experienced from the briquets sticking to the dies of the press, but it is probable that when the conditions are better understood this trouble may be obviated. The briquets from test No. 268 were the strongest of the nine tests made on this coal, but those from test No. 269 were almost as strong. The briquets made with 7 per cent, of water-gas pitch alone (test No. 271) were of excellent quality, but were somewhat sticky when hot, although they loaded into the car direct from the machine with very little breakage. No samples were taken for sizing tests and chemical analyses from tests 263 to 270, Inclusive, as all these tests were of a preliminary nature."
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Coal And Coke.
Chemical Analysis of Briquets.
Test No.
Laboratory No
Proximate :
Moisture
Volatile matter
Fixed carbon . .
Ash
Sulphur
Ultimate:
Hydrogen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Extraction Analyses.
I
Pitch.
Laboratory No i
Air-drying loss Per cent.
Extracted by CSj:
Air dried Per cent.
As received Per cent.
Pitch in briquet as received Per cent.
Per cent.
Fuel.
Briquets.
J -8. I Test 271.
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. 'Xayland
Mine No. 1"— No. 218 on Map II.
On east hillside of Chestnut Knob Fork, of Laurel, 1 mile south of Gentry; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2407' L.
Feet, inches.
Coal, 3' 7%" to 4 2%
The bed was measured and sampled at four points in No. 1 mine by J. W. Groves and J. J. Rutledge, of the U. S. Geolo^cal Survey, on July 13, 1909, as given on pages 919 and 920 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8346) was cut from the face of the main entry, 5,000 feet east of the drift mouth; thickness of hed, 3' 7%"; thickness of coal sampled, 3' 3 VI'".
Section B (sample 8347) was cut from the face of left entry 9, 3,500 feet east of drift mouth; thickness of hed and of coal sampled, 3' SW.
Section C (sample 8348) was cut from the face of room No. 14 on left entry 6^ 2,400 feet east of the drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 2%",
Section D (sample 8349) was cut from the pillar of room 4 on left entry 4, 1^100 feet east of the drift mouth; this sample is of pillar coal; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 10^".
A composite saiDple was made by mixing samples 8346, 8347, 8348, and 8349 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8425. «
These 5 analyses, as taken from pages 227 and 228 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with an air-dried calculation of the composite sample (8425) as published by Dr. White under No. 12* on page 236 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey, are given under Mine No. 218 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — See 'Notes* under description of Mine No. 220 on Map II."
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. "Layland
Mine No. 2"— No. 219 on Map II.
■
On east hillside of Chestnut Knob Fork, 0.5 mile south of Gentry; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2447' L.
Feet. Inches. Coal, 3' 10" to 4 1%
The bed was measured and sampled at four points in No. 2 mine by J. W. Groves and J. J. Rutledge of the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 13, 1909, as given on pages 919 and 920 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Section A (sample 8234) was cut from the face of the main heading, 5,300 feet northeast of the drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 4' 1%".
Section B (sample 8235) was cut from pfllar of left entry 5, 2,500 feet west of the drift mouth; thickness of bed and of coal sampled 3' 10".
Sectio'n C (sample 8236) was cut from the face of left entry 10, 5.200 feet west of the drift mouth; thickness of bed^ 3' 9%"; thiclmess of coal sampled, 3' 9%".
Section D (sample 8237) was cut from the face of room 16, on right entry 5; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 10".
A composite sample was made by mixing samples 8234, 8235, 8236, and 8237 for an ultimate analysis, the results of which are shown under laboratory No. 8298-
These 5 analyses, as taken from pages 227 and 228 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with an air-dried calculation of the composite sample (8298) as published by Dr. White under No. 13 on page 236 of Bulletin 2
of the W. Va. Geological Survey, are given under Mine No. 219 in Table 3 ^t the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — For Notes, see description of Mine 220 on Map II."
New River & Pocahontas. Consolidated Coal Co. "Layland
No. 3 Min€",-No. 220 on Map II.
On east hillside of Chestnut Knob Fork of Laurel, at Gentry; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2489' L.; section as measured and sampled (No. 8350) by J. W. Groves and J. J. Rutledge, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on July 13, 1909, being cut from the face of the main entry, 2,400 feet east of the drift mouth, all but the top 2 inches being Included in the sample; published on page 920 of Bulletin 22 of the XT. 3. Bureau of Mines.
Feet Inches.
Shale, strong gray, roof
Coal 2 9%
Mother coal 0 0%
Coal 0 4 ... 3 4
The analysis of sample (No. 8350) collected by Messrs. Groves and Rutledge, as taken from page 228 of Bulletin 22 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, together with an air-dried calculation of the same as published by Dr.. White under No. 14 on page 236 of Bulletin 2 of the W. Va. Geological Survey, is given under Mine No. 220 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter. •
"Notes. — (Applying in part to Mines Nos. 1 and 2 also — Nos. 218 and 219 on Map II). — The coal was undercut by hand, and generally .•^hot down with black powder. The three mines used the same tipple and were to connect underground in the future, eventually making one mine. The goading house was constructed of steel, and was equipped with bar screens with 3-inch, 1%-inch, and %-inch spaces, making it possible to load four sizes of coal, including run-of-mine. The coal in 1909 was all loaded in run-of-mine form. It was picked on the conveyer and on the cars. The capacity of Layland No. 1 mine in 1909 was 700 tons, of No. 2 mine, 700 tons, and of No. 3. 40 tons, making a total capacity of 1,440 tons daily. The output was all to be derived from advance workings, since the mines were all new. The output was likely to be largely and rapidly increased. Thickness, uniform, ranging from 3 feet 6 Inches to 4 feet 2 inches; roof, strong gray shale, which does not fall when the coal Is mined; floor, hard gray underclay with a smooth surface. The cover is from 50 to 600 feet."
Wkst Virginia Geological Survey. 847
The coal bed at the above mine was also measured and sampled at five points on March 19, 1915, by D. J. Parker, H. D. Jones, and R. H. Seip, of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, as given on pages 399-400 of Bulletin 123 of the latter Bureau, the analyses being published on page 117.
Section A (sample 21502) was cut on left rib, 3 left entry, tunnel entry, just in-by last break-through; thickness of bed, 2" 8%"; thickness of coal sampled, 2' IW*-
Section B (sample 21503) was cut on left rib of tunnel entry, 6 feet from face; thickness of bed, 4 0"; thickness of coal sampled, 3' 10".
Section C (sanrtpie 21504) was cut at a point 6 feet from face of 6 left entry, No. 4 mine, on in-by corner of last break-through; thick-ress of bed and of coal samplea, 4' 0".
Section D (sample 21505) was cut at a point 50 feet from face of main heading, at in-by corner of last break-through; thickness of bed, 3' e^i"; thickness of coal sampled, 3' 5^4".
Section E (sample 21506) was cut at a point 75 feet from face of 10 left entry, on left rib; thickness of bed and of coal sampled, 3' 10".
The ultimate analysis of a composite sample made by combining face samples 21502 to 21506 is given und«r laboratory No. 21507.
These 6 analyses are given under Mine No. 220 in Table 3 at the end of this Chapter.
"Notes. — Thickness, 3 to 4V2 feet Roof, generally a hard, gray shale, rather variable, and containing numerous slips; floor, smooth, hard underclay. Cover, about 200 feet. In 1915 main triple entries had been driven to the rise on the strike of the bed at a bearing of N. 80** E. and had been advanced a distance of 7,300 feet. Twelve pairs of double butt entries were driven off at intervals of 500 feet to the left at right angles from the main entries. At 700 feet from drift mouth the so-called 'tunnel* entries were driven off to the Jeft of the mine entries. The coal was all mined by pick, being 'overcut* in the top coal and then blasted down with black blasting powder by the miners during the shift. The daily output from the No. 3 mine was about 750 tons. There were also two other mines in practically the same operation. Layland Nos. 1 and 2."
Hemlock Hollow Coal & Coke Co. Drift Opening- No. 562 on Map II.
On north bank of Laurel Creek and road, opposite Sandlick Branch; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2496' L.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, bluish-black 2 o
Coal Prospect— No. 563 on Map II.
On north bank of Laurel Creek, ^ mile northeast of mouth of Pond Branch; Fire Creek Caal; elevation, 2485' B.; examined by author.
Feei. Inches. Coal, soft, opening closed, 15" visible of top portion of bed 1 3
Concealed by water, shale, buff, sandy, visible ... 3 0
Coal Prospect — No. 564 on Map II, ^on north bank of Laurel Creek, 0.65 mile northeast of mouth of Pond Branch, in the Fire Creek Coal, at an elevation of 2520' B., as determined by the author, was closed and thickness of bed not learned. ^
Coal Prospect — No. 565 on Map II, on south hillside of Laurel Creek, }i mile due east of mouth of Pond Branch, in the Fire Creek Coal, at an elevation of 2545' B., as determined by the author, was closed.
Coal Opening — No. 566 on Map II.
On point between Quinton and Old Schoolhouse Branches, 0.8 mile S. 50° W. of Sievy Bridge; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 2910' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Upper Raleigh Sandstone and concealed to ridge
summit just southwest of cemetery 95 0
Concealed in flat bench along point 25 0
Sandstone and concealed, steep slope 75 0
Concealed in flat bench on point 20 0
Sandstone, grayish-white, hard, laurel thicket
on crop 60 0
Slight bench 10 0
Concealed in steep slope 93 0
Coal, Fire Creek, 1' 8" to 2 0
Reported by Jas. Gilkeson as best coal for domestic fuel in region and 20" thickness of clean medium-soft coal.
J. W. Crookshank Coal Opening — No. 567 on Map II.
In edge of Greenbrier County, 04 mile northwest of summit of Boggs Knob; Fire Creek Coal; elevation, 3310' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches
Black slate, visible 0 4
Coal, soft 1 1
Concealed by water
West Virginia Geological Survey. '
Wm. Sims Coal Opening — No. 568 on Map II.
In edge of Greenbrier County, 0.4 mile west of summit of Boggs Knob; Fire Creek Coal; eleyation, 3310' B. and closed; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, reported by Mrs. Lura Neff, with black slate roof and a thickness of 12" to 1 3
Based on all the data in hand and that included on preceding pages and a planimetric determination by A. M. Hagan from Map II of the minable area of the Fire Creek Coal as limited on Figure 21, the following estimate is made by the author of the probable available tonnage of this bed :
-o
/
District.
QesB of Assume
• Sq
i 0
Feet al.
Tons, al.
u QQ
V <
Cubic of Co
Short of Co
Sewell Mountain. . .
Fayetteville
Quinnimont
Totals for Coui
ity
Minable Coals Of The Pocahontas Group,
Pottsville Series.
Only two coals of the six recognized for the Pocahontas Group of the Pottsville Series appear to attain minable development, as shown on Figure 4, page 387; viz, the No. 6 Pocahontas and No. 3 Pocahontas. These two will now be described in the order named.
The No. 6 Pocahontas Coap.<
The No. 6 Pocahontas Coal, described briefly in Chapter VIII, pages 327-8, appears to attain rainable development over a considerable area in the southeast border of Sewell Alounlain District and in the eastern half of Quinnimont District, as shown by the shaded region on Figure 22. In other portions of the County it is apparently too thin and irregular to warrant its classification there as minable. Its detailed outcrop is shown on Map II only in the regions that it is believed to attain minable dimensions and regularity. It is this bed that is mined commercially at Mine No. 222 on Map J I, near the extreme eastern point of Sewell Mountain District, 1 mile northward from Rainelle, this being the only commercial operation on this bed in Fayette or the adjoining portions of the immediately surrounding counties. The following average results, compiled by R. C. Tucker from 11 different analyses of samples collected mostly in the southern Counties of the State, details of which were published in previous State Survey Reports, give a fair idea of its chemical
composition.
Per cenL
Moisture 0.66
Volatile Matter 17.16
Fixed CarDon 76.23
Ash 5.95
Total 100.00
Sulphur 0.74
For special analyses in Fayette, the reader is referred to Nos. 222-4 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Sewell Mountain District.
In Sewell Mountain District, the No. 6 Pocahontas Coal, in minable development, appears to be confined to a strip about two miles in width and eight to ten miles in length in the southeastern border, as shown by the shaded region on Figure 22, as determined from all the data in hand,' including the logs of a large number of coal test borings. Its thickness and stratigraphic position are shown in the sections published
West Virginia Geological Survey.
in Chapter IV for Manns Creek, Sewell, Beury, Royal, Maywood, Sims Schoolhouse and Sievy Bridge Station, page references to which are given in the Index. Its description at the one commercial mine and other exposures follows.
Meadow River Smokeless Coal Co. (Formerly J. W. Dwyer)
Mine — No. 222 on Map II.
Just in edge of Greenbrier County, south sill side of Meadow River, 1 mile N. 20** E. of Rainelle; Na. 6 Pocahantas Coal; elevation, 2605' B.; section and sample by author at rib at starting point of crop entry off 1st Left
Feet. Inches.
2. Slate, blacky harder, cannelly, usually draw
slate . . . . ! 0 8
This mine was opened by J. W. Dwyer in 1914 who operated it until May, 1916; principal office, Rainelle, W. Va.; lease of Meadow River Lumber Co.; output, 100 tons, 9-hour day; men employed, 25 inside and 5 outside; ship run-of-mine coal only and mostly for steam purposes, both east and west, and gives perfect satisfaction; rises rap> idly southeast; J. M. Suttle, Foreman, authority for mine data.
The analysis of a sample (926H) collected from No. 3 of the above section by the author, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 222 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
No. 569 on Map II.
On east bank of branch of Meadow River, 1.8 miles N. 15' W. of Rainelle; No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 2520' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, clean, opening abandoned, reported by Geo. Myles of Clifftop according to W. F. Hall^ Superintendent of Meadow River Smokeless Coal Co 4 0
Formerly supplied domestic fuel for farmers in Maywood region ; for stratigraphic position see Maywood — Aldrich Camp Section, page 203.
J
West Virginia Geological Survey. 853
Coal Prospect — No. 570 on Map II.
In hill road, 1 mile west of Ralnelle; No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; eleyation, 2715' B.; opening closed; section hy author from coal exposure.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, dark and buff, siliceous, interlamlnated . . 20 4
Coal, slaty 1' 2"
Shale, gray, argillaceous 1 4
Coal, slaty 0 5
Shale, gray 0 3
Coal, soft 1 0
Coal, slaty 0 6 4 S
Fire clay shale, gray 5 0
The stratigraphic position of Coal Exposure — No. 571 on Map II, on west hillside of Sewell Creek, 0.4 mile N. 45° W. of Sievy Bridge, in the No. 6 Pocahontas Coal,' at an elevalion of 2775' B., is shown in the Sievy Bridge Station Section, page 205.
Quinnimont District.
Tn Quinnimont District, the No. 6 Pocahontas Coal, in niinable development, is confined to the eastern half, as shown on Figure 22. In the western half, it appears to be too thin and irregular to be of any economic importance, although frequently present at its proper horizon. Its thickness and stratigraphic position in the District as a whole and in the immediately adjoining region are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Royal, Lawton — j/i Mile Southwest, Meadow Creek Station, Beurytown, Walnut Flat Schoolhouse, Boggs Knob — Sims Station, Turniphole Mountain — V2 Mile Northwest, and Turniphole Mountain, page references to which are given in the Index; and in the 'ogs of Coal Test Borings Nos. 124-148 on Map II, also re!ci-enced in Index and listed in the table of boring records at the beginning of this Chapter, page 388C. Although it has not been mined commercially in Quinnimont, yet it attains a fine development here and has been prospected quite extensively by large landholding companies and by natives for local domestic fuel. Its description at these diggings and other exposures follows.
Coal Prospect — No. 572 on Map II.
On east hillside of Quinton Branch, 0.7 mile S. 15** W. of Sievy Bridge; No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 2877' L.; examined by author.
Feet Inched.
Shale, buff, sandy, visible 1 0
Coal^ soft, columnar 4' 2"
Slate, black, pavement 0 6
Coal, reported 1 0 6 8
The following section is reported by Anderson M. Flesh-man at the above opening:
Feet. Inches.
Coal 4' 2"
Bone, 4" to 0 6
Coal 0 8 5 4
Coal Prospect — No. 573 on Map II.
On east side of road, 1.5 miles N. 60** W. of Springdale; No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 3055' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
W. H. Sims Coal Opening — No. 574 on Map II.
In Greenbrier County, on east side of Sims Mountain, 0.4 mile southwest of Sims Schoolhouse; No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 2910' B.; dips west; section at entrance, by author.
Feet Inches.
Coal, soft, (sandstone, flaggy, roof). 0' 9"
Bony slate, 0" to 0 2
Coal, soft, (slate, black, pavement) .2 6 3 5
Mr. Sims says he never penetrated below the black slate pave> ment, so that the other bench may be present
Coal Opening (Closed) — No. 575 on Map II, in Greenbrier County, on east side of hill road, 1.2 miles S. 70** E. of Rainelle, in the No. 6 Pocahontas Coal, at an elevation of 2790' B., was closed and the thickness of the bed not learned
West Virginia Geological Survey. 855
Coal Exposure — No. 576 on Map II.
In road on Fayette-Greenbrier County Line, 2^ miles N. 76** E. of Springdale; No. 6 Pocahontas Coal;/ elevation, 3060' B.; used in Turniphole Mountain— % Mile Northwest Section, page 219; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Shale, black, Royal, Lingula foaalla abundant. . . 9 0
Coal, soft 4 0
Shale, dark and gray 10 0
Bert Hutsenpiller Coal Opening — No. 577 on Map II.
- On southwest slope of Turniphole Mountain, 2\i> miles due east of Springdale; No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 3065' B.;^used in Turniphone Mountain Section, page 220; section at face about 300 feet in^ by author.
Feet. Inches.
1. Shale, medium-hard, gray, roof
2. Coal, soft 4' 0"
3. Slate, dark-gray, coal streaks,
No. 4 was not seen^ but I. A. Callison, a miner, one of three now mining coal here for domestic use, says he blew up the bottom slate No. 3 at one point and found 12 inches of soft, bright coal under it.
P. T. Hurley Coal Opening— No. 578 on Map II.
On Greenbrier-Summers County Line, on north slope of Irish Mountain; No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 3150' B.; section reported by J. E. Hurley; opening partly closed but examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, soft 0' 6"
Bone 0 4
Beury Bros. Coal Prospect — No. 579 on Map II.
On head of branch of Lefthand Branch, 2 miles N. 75^ W. of Springdale; No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 3045' L.
Feet Inches. Coal, prospect closed, but had practically the same bed section as at Mine No. 580 on Map II, says Milton E. Walker 3 10
8s6 COAL AND COKE.
Milton £. Walker Coal Prospect— No. 580 on Map II.
0.4 mile west of No. 579; No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 2993' L.; opening closed by water; section by Mr. Walker; examined by author.
Feet. Indies.
Shale, dark, sandy, visible 5 0
Coal, soft 0' 6"
Bone, hard 0 4
1
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. Prospect —
No. 581 on Map II.
On head of branch of Lefthand Branch, 2 miles N. 75** W. of Spring- Springdale; No. 6 Pocahontaa Coal; elevation, 2916' L.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, sandy, roof
Coal, soft 3' 0"
Bone, visible 0 3
Concealed to pavement 3 0 6 3
Mr. James Gilkeson says the total thickness of the bed at the above prospect was about 7 feet and that it had about 1 foot of bone.
•
Coal Prospect — No. 582 on Map II, on head of branch of Lefthand Creek, 0.1 mile northwest of No. 581, in the No. 6 Pocahontas Coal, at an elevation of 29l(y L., as determined by the author, was closed and the thickness of the bed not learned.
. Coal Prospect — No. 583 on Map II.
On north hillside of branch of Lefthand Creek, 0.9 mile westward from No. 581; No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 2763' L.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, buff sandy, visible 5' 0" J Royal. 6 0
Coal, soft 0' 6"-
Pone, 2" to 0 3
Coal, soft 2 6
Coal and concealed by water 1 0 4 3
Slate pavement
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLCXilCAL SURVEY. 857
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. Prospect —
No. 584 on Map II.
On west hillside of Lefthand Creek, 0.35 mile N. TS"" E. of Walnut Flat School; No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 2665' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, prospect closed, reported about 6 feet thick with 12 inches of bone 2" to 4" below top by Chas. D. Fox 6 0
«
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. Prospect —
No. 585 on Map II.
On west hillside of Lefthand Creek, % mile south of Walnut Flat School; No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 2778' L.; used with description of Royal Shale, page 326; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Shale, black, argillaceous. Royal, Lingula fossils
abundant 6 0
Coal, soft, 6" to 0' 7"
Bone, hard, 3" to 0 4
Coal soft 3 2 4 1
Slate, black, hard, pavement
Coal Prospect — No. 586 on Map II.
On point, 1 mile due west of Meadowbridge (Clute P. O.); No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 2973' L.; section reported by Anderson M. Fleshman; correlation verified by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal 2' 10"
Bone 0 6
Coal 1 0 4 4
Coal Prospect — No. 587 on Map II.
On east side of road, 1.8 miles due west of Meadowbridge (Clute P. O.); No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 2731' L.; hiterval to top of Pineville Sandstone cliff, 140 feet; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal, prospect closed, props 3' to 4 0
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. Opening- No. 223 on Map II.
On branch of Beelick, 1.7 miles N. 35** W. of Meadowbridge (Clute P. O.); No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 2745' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
1. Shale, dark, sandy, visible 2 0
2. Coal, soft, columnar, 4" to 0' 6"
3. Coal, gray^ hard, bony, 3" to.... 0 5
No. 3 of section is 6" thick at entry and 25' in at face where sample lAs taken it is only 3 inches. The analysis of a sample (924-H) collected by the author from Nos. 2 and 4 of section, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 223 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
Coal Prospect — No. 588 on Map II.
On east edge of road, 2.1 miles due west of Meadowbridge (Clute P. O.); No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; elevation^ 2697' I>; used in Beurytown Section, page 215; opening closed; section by author on side of cut.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, sandy, buff and brown, visible 6 0
Coal Qpening — No. 589 on Map II.
On east hillside of Beelick Branch of Meadow Creek, 0.2 mile south of Eburnean Schoolhouse; No. 6 Pocahontaa Coal; elevation, 2632' L.; section at entrance by author.
Feet Inches.
1. Shale, dark, sandy, visible, with thin coal
streaks and plant fossils abundant 6 0
2. Coal, soft, columnar 0' 6 "
3. Coal, bony, hard, 1" to 0 2%
This opening is driven in several hundred feet, a section on the rib about 250 feet in giving the following :
West Virginia Geological Survey. 859
Feet Inches.
2. Coal, soft 0' 6"
The pavement in the latter section is the "slate, black, coaly," No. 5, of preceding section. This is probably the pavement in Mine No. 223, the bottom coal. No. 6, not being seen. This opening (No. 589) furnishes coal for domestic fuel for the neighborhood.
Coal Prospect — No. 590 on Map II, on west hillside of Beelick Branch of Meadow Creek, 0.2 mile south of Eburnean Schoolhouse, in the No. 6 Pocahontas Coal, at an elevation of 2607' L., as determined by the author, was closed and thickness of bed not learned.
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. Prospect —
No. 591 on Map II.
On west hillside of Beelick Branch of Meadow Creek, 1.5 miles N. IS** W. of Beurytown; No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 2630' B. Section reported by Mr. George Fox who aided in the prospecting for this company.
Feet Inches.
Coal, clean <J 7
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. Prospect —
No. 592 on Map II.
On point, % mile N. IS*" W. of Beurytown; No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 2730' L.; section reported hy Mr. George Fox.
Feet Inches Coal, clean 3 10
Mr. Fox reports that northeast of the S. Gwinn Opening (No. 224 on Map II) (see next opening below) along the crop to Prospect Opening No. 223, he made about 20 openings scattered along the crop and that the smallest showed a thickness of y 10" (No. 592), and the largest, 6' 7" (No. 591).
86o
Coal And Coke.
Samuel Gwinn Coal Opening — No. 224 on Map II.
On north hillside of Meadow Creek, 1.5 miles due north of Meadow Creek Station; No. 6 Pocahontaa Coal; elevation, 2683' L. Used in Meadow Creek Station Section, page 214.
Feet Inches.
1. Sandstone, visible, gray,. hard, makes roof... 4 C
2. Cca!, shift, columnar (slate floor) 4' j'' to . 5 0
The analysis of a sample (923-H) collected by the author from No. 2 of the above section, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 224 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
New River & Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. Coal Prospect — No. 593 on Map II.
On north hillside of New River, southwest of Harrah Schoolhouse, 1.1 miles southeast of Backus; No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 2477' L.
Feet Inches. Coal, prospected by George Fox, who reports the coal no good northwest of the Samuel Gwinn Opening (No. 224 on Map II), along its crop, being slaty and ranging from 6" to 2 0
Quantity of No* 6 Pocahontas Coal Available.
Based on all the evidence in hand and a planimetric determination by A. M. Hagan from Map II of the minable area as limited on Figure 22, the following estimate is made by the author of the probable available tonnage of the No. 6 Pocahontas Coal:
Probable Amount of No. 6 Pocahontas Coal.
District
Thickness of Coal A.susmed Feet
s
03
2
<
Cubic Feet of Coal.
Short Tons of Coal.
Sewell Mountain
Ouinnimont
1
Totals for County
WEST VIRGINIA GEOLCXIICAL SURVEY. 86l
The No. 3 Pocahontas Coal.
The No. 3 Pocahontas Coal, described briefly in Chapter VIII,. page 329, in minable development, like ' the No. 6 Pocahontas bed, appears to be confined to the southeastern margins of Sewell Mountain and Quinnimont Districts as shown in detail on Figure 23. In other regions of the County It seems too thin and irregular to be classed as minable. Its detailed outcrop is exhibited on Map II. It has not been mined commercially in Fayette or in the adjoining portions cf the immediately surrounding Counties, but it has been prospected to some extent by the large land-holding companies and by natives for local domestic fuel, especially by the latter on the high ridge immediately northeast of Meadow-bridge (Clute P. O.). The following average results, compiled by R. C. Tucker from 168 different samples collected mostly from commercial mines in McDowell, Mercer, and Wyoming Counties, details of which were published in previous State Survey Reports, should give a fair idea of the composition
^ind calorific value of the bed :
Per cent.
Moisture 0 . 55
Volatile Matter 15.88
Fixed Carbon 78.93
Ash 4.64
Total 100.00
Sulphur 0.63
Phosphorus 0 . 007
Calorimeter R T. U 15,070
No. 225 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter, representing The only sample collected from this bed in Fayette County, shows a slightly higher percentage of volatile matter and is correspondingly lower in fixed carbon than the above average for 168 samples in the southern portion of the State, a feature ihat is characteristic of the Pottsville Coals, in that they tend to increase in volatile and decrease in fixed carbon northeastward from the southern edge of the State.
Coal And Coke.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 863
Sewell Mountain District
In Sewell Mountain District, the thickness and stratigraphic position of the No. 3 Pocahontas Coal are exhibited in the Sievy Bridge Station Section in Chapter IV, page 205 ; and in the log of Coal Test Boring No. 113 on Map II, page 443, permission for publication of the thickness in the boring rot being granted. As shown on Figure 23, its minable area appears to be confined to the waters of Sewell Creek in the southeastern margin of the District. Its description in the latter as a whole at prospect openings and an exposure follows.
Coal Prospect — No. 594 on Map II.
On south hillside of Meadow River, directly north of Mine No. 222 in No. 6 Pocahontas Coal; No. 3 PocahonUs Coal; elevation, 2530' B.;
examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, reported clean and soft by J. M. Suttle, with thickness of only 1 0
Coal Exposure — No. 595 on Map II.
In hill road, 0.8 mile west of Rainelle; No. 3 Pocahontaa Coal; elevation, 2655' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Shale, buff, sandy 19 0
Coal, soft 0 11
Shale, sandy 15 0
Meadow River Lumber Co. Prospect — No. 596 on Map II.
In ravine on west hillside of Sewell Creek, 0.3 mile northwest of Sievy Bridge; No. 3 Pooahontas Coal; elevation, 2665' B.; used in Sievy Bridge Station Section, page 205. Nos. 4, 5, 6, and 7 of secuon were concealed by water, but their thicknesses were supplied by Geo. W. Sevy, a native, who measured it once with a square; coal dips northwest; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
3. Slate, black, %" to 0 0%
4. coal, soft, 24" to 2 2V2
6. Coal, soft, 4" to 0 6 ... 4 8
Qainnimont District.
In Quinnimont District and the immediately surrounding region the thickness and stratigraphic position of the No. 3 Pocahontas Coal are exhibited in the sections published in Chapter IV for Grandview — Royal, Quinnimont — North Side, Beurytown, Boggs Knob — Sims Station, and Turniphole Mountain, page references to which are given in the Index; and in the logs of Coal Test Borings listed for this District in the table at the beginning of this Chapter, page 388C. As shown on Figure 23, this bed appears to attain minable development on the waters of Meadow and Sewell Creeks, where it has been opened to some extent by natives for local domestic fuel and prospected by large land-holding companies. Its description at these diggings and other exposures follows.
Coal Exposure — No. 597 on Map II.
In ridge road 1 mile N. 45° W. of Springdale; No. 3 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 3^20' B.; examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone, coarse, friable, visible 15 0
Coal, soft r 10"
Shale, gray 0 2
Coal Exposure — No. 598 on Map II.
In hill road. 1.7 miles S. 30"" E. of Springdale, east side of Irish Mountain; No. 3 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 3090' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Coal, visible, 2' 0" to '3 0
A. J. Walkup Coal Opening— No. 599 on Map II.
On Patterson Mountain, 1.3 miles N. 70° E. of Meadowhridge (Clute P. O.); No. 3 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 3035' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
Sandstone roof
West Virginia Geological Survey. 865
On northwest side of Patterson Mountain, 0.8 mile N. 70** E. of Meadowbridge (Clute P. O.); No. 3 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 3005' B.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches. Coal^ opening closed^ reported by A. J. Walkup to ' have a thickness of 3 0
Beury Bros. Coal Prospect — No. 225 on Map II.
On north hillside, 1.8 miles N. 20*' E. of Meadowbridge (Clute P. O.); No. 3 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 2942' L.; examined by author.
Feet. Inches.
1. Sandstone, coarse, brown, visible 15 0
t
The analysis of a sample (927-H) collected by the author • from No. 2 of above section, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, is given under Mine No. 225 in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.
•
Gertrude Lacy Coal Opening — No. 601 on Map II.
«
On branch of Lefthand Creek, 01 mile northwest .of Mine No. 225 en Map II; No. 3 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 2940' B.; opening closed; Election as reported by Milton E. Walker; examined by author.
Feet. Inches- Coal 0' 3"
Bone 0 2
Coal 2 3 2 8
Coal Exposure — No. 602 on Map II.
Edge of hill road, north side of Laurel Creek, 0.4 mile N. 70* E.
of Lawton; No. 3 Pocahontas Coal; elevation, 2180' B.; examined by
author.
Feet. Inches- Sandstone, Upper Pocahontas, grayish-white, pebbly, current-bedde(l making cliff, 60' to 70 0
Coal, soft 0' 8"
Slate, black, coal streak 0 7
Coal, soft 0 6
Coal And Coke.
Coal Exposure — No. 603 on Map II.
Along railway incline, east hillside of Chestnut Knob Fork, 0.6 mile northeast of Lawton; No. 3 Pocahontas Coai; elevation, 2145' B.: examined by author.
Feet Inches.
Sandstone 10 0
Coal 0' 7"
Slate, black 0 6
Qaantity of No. 3 Pocahontas Coal Available.
Based on all the evidence in hand and a planimetric determination by A. M. Hagan of the minable area from Map II, as limited on Figure 23, the following estimate is made by the authot of the probable available tonnage of No. 6 Pocahontas Coal in Fayette County:
Probable Amount of No. 3 Pocahontas Coal.
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Totals for County.
On preceding pages of this Chapter there is given at the end of the description of each of the 20 minable coal beds an estimate of the available tonnage of each by magisterial districts along with the total for the County. The following: table, with the coals arranged in descending order, gives ^ summary of these statements: •
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The above summary is believed to represent approximately the amount of minable coal that was available before commercial operations were begun in the County more than AO years ago. * The table at the beginning of this Chapter, page 375, shows that the total coal that had been mined in Fayette previous to June 30, 1916, was 172,000,000 long tons. Reducing the latter figures to a short ton basis, there results 192,000,000 tons. For the two years that have elapsed since June 30, 1916, probably enough has been mined to bring the total up to 220,000,000 net tons. The amount of coal left in old ribs and pillars that will probably never be recovered, may increase this total to 265,000,000 net tons in round numbers, which sum should be deducted from the total in the above summary. The amount of coal available, after making this deduction, is, in round numbers, 4,155,000,000 net tons. Assuming an average recovery of 80 per cent., which appears conservative under modern and constantly improving mining methods, the probable amount of coal that will be eventually recovered in Fayette is in round numbers 3,325,000,000 short tons.
Minable Coal By Magisterial Districts.
All the minable coal beds have been described on preceding pages of this Chapter by magisterial districts. In the Index, under the heading ''Minable Coal by Magisterial Districts", will be found a series of page references classified by beds and districts, a feature that facilities investigation of the coal resources of any bed in any special region of the County by rendering all the information herein readily available.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 869
Tables Of Coal And Coke Analyses.
On the immediately following pages four tables of analyses are published, these being designated Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4, in the order in which they are given and all contain results from samples collected mostly in Fayette County, with a few from the adjoining portions of the immediately surrounding counties.
Table 1. — This table contains chemical analyses along with many calorific tests of coal from 152 different mines, the determinations of which were made mostly in the laboratories of the \V. Va. Geological Survey and many of which had been published in previous State Survey Reports. The chemical and calorific work on the samples collected during 1916 and 1918, as described on preceding pages, was performed by J. Berghius Krak, Assistant Chemist, under the direction and with the assistance of B. H. Hite, Chief Chemist. All the samples, except those mentioned with the description of the opening, were collected by members of the Survey force, those from the commercial mines being taken according to methods prevailing with the U. S. Bureau of Mines, the coal being quartered down and sealed in tins at the mine, while those from the country banks and prospect openings were collected in small sacks with as much care as possible when depending on a scanty saddle-bag equipment. The numbers in the lefthand column correspond with those designating the mine or opening on Map II, as also that accompanying the description of the same in the text. The portion of the bed sampled is usually mentioned with the description of the mine or prospect. This table of analyses is immediately followed by another giving the accurate location of the corresponding mine or prospect and page references to the description of the latter in this Report.
Table 2. — This table contains chemical analyses from 28 samples of coke made from coal mined in Fayette County, practically all of which have been published in previous Reports of the State Survey. As with the table last described, the serial numbers in the left-hand column correspond with
those designating the mine on Map II and in the text from which the coal was taken to manufacture the coke. This table is immediately followed by another giving the accurate location of the mine and page references to its description in the text of this Report.
Table 3. — This table contains chemical analyses and calorific tests of coal from 70 different mines determined in the laboratories of the U. S. Geological ^Survey and the U. S. Bureau of Mines, compiled from publications of both the latter. As in Tables 1 and 2, described above, the numbers in the lefthand column are the same as used to designate the corresponding mine or opening on Map II and with its description in the
text. This table is followed immediately by another giving the number of the mine ; its accurate location ; and page references to the description of the mine in this RepDrt.
Table 4. — This table contains the average analyses of coals purchased by the U. S. Government under specifications during the fiscal years 1908-1915. A more complete description immediately precedes this table.
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Table Showing Location of Mines and Openings Sampled, the Analyses of Which are Listed in Table 1, and Page References to Their Description.
.No. on I Map III
Sample No.
I
Location of Mine.
I Page oi I this Report
I Near Crescent |
jDonwood, 0.4 mile S£
9 iKimberly, yj mile SE
11 .^ .... I Helva, 1.1 miles North .
17 I I Carbondole, 0.8 mile S'E
19 I I vJarbondale, 0.7 mile North
/
1
20
23
24
25
27
29
30
32
33
34
35
3d
38
)n Smithers Creek, 0.12 mi. E. Buffalo Fork ()n Smithers Creek at Marting
Smithers, 0.4 mile SE ,
, At Longacre
; Boomer, J4 mile SE
. Boomer, 1.5 miles NE
iGamoca, 0.4 mile SE
Belva, 1.6 miles East
Jodie, 1/2 mile SE
Donwood. Iri mile South
'Eagle, ;4 mile NW
Boomer. 1/2 mile due West...
Mt. Carbon, 0.2 mile SW...
Mt. Carbon, J4 mile SE
(lauley Bridge, 54 mile South 'Kimberly, 0.1 mile SW
5u I 'Columbia, 0.2 mile West.
52
54
55
56
58
60
61
63
64
65
67
Page, 2 miles N. 70* E
' Ilickorv Cainp, V2 mile NE
' .Anstedi 1 mile N. 20* W* j.
Vnstcd. Vi mile N. 45" W
I Powcllton, 2.2 miles .SE
At Elk Ridge on Armstrong Creek
Elk Ridge. 0.8 mile South
Krebs, 0.4 mile NE
Hickory Camp, 0.6 mile due .'^outh
Keeferton, 1.8 miles S. SO* W
'Verferton. n.9 r.'iV '==. 10" W
'Kngston, 1.3 miles S. 25' W
Belva, 0.9 mile NE.
74 I ! NfontfiTomery, East edge of.
77 > '^"ael". "^E eHpc of |
79 I 'T'-'or**. 1.2 miles NE 1545-8.630-5
6M
5se-r
6Ss-4
6S6-6
West Virginia Geological Survey.
No. on
bl • 81 A 82 83
88
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
9S
99 100 4^4 458 101 103 105 106 107 109 110 118 115A 117 119 120 122 126 126 127 128 129 13U 131 132 133 134
135 13T 142 143 144 145 147 151 162 163 155 155 A 156 169 161 163 164 167 168 169 172 ' 173 174 181 184 185
r
9l7h 912H 308R 31:<K 914II
I Page of I this Report
T
T
I
r
r
I I I'rudcnce,
Hickory, Yj mile S£ v.
Kingbion, 1.7 miles due South
Kingston, 1.2 miles SW
Kingston, 1.2 miles South
At Smithers
Herberton, 2 miles NW*
Hico, 0.7 mile N. 70* W
Deitz, 0.66 mile S. 16* E •
On Gauley River, 0.1 mile E. HorMshoe C*rce»- .
On Gauley River
Carnifex Ferry, 0.6 mile NW
Hawks Nest, 1.1 miles S£
At Elmo
At Michigan
Fayette Station, 0.7 mile NW
At Nuttallburg
Mouth of Keeney Creek. K mile NE
Winona, 0.8 mile due West
Winona, 0.4 mile NE
Winona. 1.2 mile? N. 30" E
Winona, 0.9 mile N. 60* E
Winona, 0.4 mile East
Winona, 0.» mile S. 60* E
Russelly'lle. 1.9 miles SW'
Nallen, just SW of
Hawks Nest, 0.0 mile S£
At Whitney, NW. of Fayette Station
Kaymoor, 0.0 mile West
At Brown
Elvcrton, 0.4 mile N. 8«* W
Sewell, 0.6 mile West
Thurmond, 0.8 mile N. 10* W
Mindcn, West edge
At Redstar.
I I At Glen Jean .
I I Glen Jean, 0.4
Sw,
Carhsle, 0.8 mile NW
T M Derryhale
Dunloup, SE edge of . . . .
Ai Turkey Knob
Macdonald, H niile West
IHerberton, 0,3 mile North...
At Clifftop
Corliss, Y2 mile N. 10* W... Corliss, 1.7 miles S. 80* W. TNttmnn. O.T mile S. 55** E.
68& 689-90 692-S 698-4 694-5 696-7 697-700 700-1 702-8 T08-4
Prudence, 1.4 n'iles due East
North edge of
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Coal And Coke.
No. on Map II
Sample No.
I
Location of Mine.
m
2&2
Thurmond, yi mile due North
Thurmond. 1.3 miles NW
At Newlyn, 1 mile SW of Thurmond....
Thurmond, 1.5 miles due South
Terry, 0.4 mile North
Fire Creek, 1 mile S. 10* E
Bcury, H mile SVV
Dimmock, % mile West
Stonecliff, 0.3 mile NE. :
Alaska, 0.8 mile North
At Ephraim
Thayer, 0.7 mile due South
I Royal, 0.3 mile due J-outh
Ouinnimont. 9.4 rriles NE
Lawton, 1 mile SW
Lawton, 0.2 mile SW
Lawton, 1.2 miles N. 60* W
Rainelle, 2.4 miles due Fouth
Rainelle, 1 mile N. 20' E
1 Meadow Bridge (Clute) 1.7 miles N. 85* IMeadow Creek Station. 1.5 milf^s due N. I Meadow Bridge (Clute). 1.8 miles X. 20"
I Page of I this Report
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Table Showing Location of Mines Corresponding to Coke Analyses in Table 2, and Pages References to Their Description
.
Location of Min«.
17
19
23
25
26A
46
52
58
75
76
Carbondale, 0.3 mile SE
Carbondale, 0.7 mile N
On Smithers Creek at Marting...,
At Longacre
jLongacre, Yt mile SE
Mt. Carbon, 0.2 mile SW
Ansted, 1 mile N. 20** W
Powellton, 2.2 miles SE
At Crescent
Eagle, SE. edge of
.At Caperton
South Fayette Station, »<j mile W.
Kaymoor, 0,6 mile West
Elverton, 0.4 mile N'. 35" W
Minden, West edge of
Harvey, J4 mile NW
At Glen Jean
Sun, E. edge of
At Turkey Knob
At Macdonald
Sewell, 0.3 mile East
Fire Creek, 1 mile S. 10" E
Stonecliff, J4 mile E
StonecliflF, 0.3 mile NE
Quinnimont, 0.8 mile S. 40* E
Lawton, 1.2 miles N. 50* W
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West Virginia Geological Survey.
Table Showing List of Mines Corresponding to Coal Analyses in Table 3, and Page References to Their Description.
No. on >rap II.
3d
51
52
58
79
90
93 102 104 107 110 111 115 117 118 119 120 122 129 130 181 132 133 135 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 151 152 153 164 155 155A 156 157 158 159 160 161 163 165 167 168 169 172 173 187 188 191 192 196 198 199 200 201 203 205 209 210
Location of Mine.
Page. 1.6 miles NE
Anstcd. 1 mile N. 20" W
Powellton, 2.2 miles SE
Page, 1.2 miles NE
Hawks Nest, 0.6 mile NE *
Fayette Station, 0.7 mile NW
Mouth of Keency Creek, J4 mile NE
At Cai>elton
Winona, 0.8 mile due West
Winona, 1.2 miles N. SO" E
Divide, 0.35 mile S '.
Winona, 0.9 mile N. 60" E
Winona, 0.4 mile E
Winona. 0.9 mile S. 50' E
South Fayette Station, 54 mile W
Kaymoor, 0.6 mile W
At Brown
Elverton, 0.4 mile N. 36*' W
Opposite Caperton
Minden, £. edge
Minden, S. edge
Minden, W. edge
Minden, W. edge
Stonccliff, 0.6 mile W
Prudence, N. edge
Harvey, yi mile NW
At Redstar
At Redstar
.At Glen Jean
Glen Jean, 0.4 mile SW
Whipple Junction, 0.8 mile N. SO*' E.
At CTarlisle '.
Carlisle. 0.3 mile NW
Sun, E. edge of
At Dcrryhale '.
Dunloup, f4 mile SE
At Turkey Knob
At Macdonald
Macdonald, V$ mile W
Macdonald. 1.2 miles SW
Red Ash, 0.8 mile W,
At Rush Run
Thurmond, 1.3 miles NW
At Newlyn, 1 mile SW of Thurmond
Stonecliff, 54 mile E
Claremont. 1 mile NE
Stonecliff, 0.8 mile NE ,
Alaska. 0.3 mile N
At Ephraim
Quinnimont, 2.4 miles NE .•
Lawton. 1 mile SW
Page of this Report
Coal And Coke.
Page of this Report
Ao. on t ■Map II. I
Location of Mine.
Lawton, 0.0 mile S
Lawton, 0.2 mile SW
Lawton, 1.7 miles N. 50° W
Lawlon, 0.7 mile XE
A large number of analyses made by the Technologic Branch of the United States Geological Survey of coal purchased by the U. S. Government under specifications for the fiscal year 1909-1910 are published, with averages, on pages 36, 39, 41, 42, 56, 65, 66, 67, 72, and 73 of Bulletin 41 of the U. S. Bureau of Alines, to which the reader is referred since it was impossible to secure the exact names and locations of the mines which delivered the coal.
The work of inspecting and analyzing coal delivered on Government contracts was transferred to the Bureau of Mines by an act of Congress effective July 1, 1910, and on pages 42-43 and 46-49 of Bulletin 119 of the latter Bureau are given average analyses of the coals analyzed for the United States Government during the fiscal years 1908-1915, those given on pages 42-43 being from Fayette County, while those on pages 46-49 are from Raleigh and Fayette Counties. The "Index Numbers" given on these pages are used in Table 4 following and in the abstracts of the contracts immediately following the table, since it w^as impossible to give all the mines the numbers on Map II corresponding to the same. In some instances two or three mines are combined under one 'Index Number" and in others, two or more beds are combined, the averages on pages 42-43 being of 813 analyses, while those on pages 46-49 from Raleigh and Fayette Counties are averages of 1839 analyses.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Table 4. — Coals analyzed for the United States Government
during the fiscal years 1908-1915.
X
558 550 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 5«9 670 571 572 578 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 .',83 584 585 586 587 588 589 500 r;91 fir.2 f.63 r>fi4
n«7 r.oR 669 670 •:71 ft72 673 r.74
678 G79 680 681 682 fi83 f.84 685 686 687
ns8
n ij
20
n,.372
«A'
Proximate Anarlysis.
Dry Coal.
Calorific Value, Per Pound.
Ash
Sulphur
2 o
I o 07 1
I 3.16 I I 2.. 35 I 2.99 I 3.49 I 2.09 2.78 2.24 1.93 ! 1.21 ' 2.43 I 3.33 I 2.08 I 2.46 I 2.77 3.10 I 2.70 I 2.73 2.55 2.69 2.25
31..'>0 30.32 34.81 34.41 22.00 20.96 21.44 21.18 20.55 21.52 20 . 64 20.81 21.74 22.61 21.13 21.07 19.. 50 23.06 22.10 22.75 22.48 2 2.. 33 23 . 56 22.32 22.04
16 .'6,3 16.61 20.79 20.95 19.80 19.57
13
11
89
13 522 14,390 14,381 14,347 14,285 14,107 14.291 14.317 14.301 14.118 14.357 14,157 14,097 14,363 14.246 14. .362 14«433 14.543 I 14.280 I 14.049 I 14.294 I 14.529 1 14.570 14,532 I
14 517 I 14.458 I •14,377 1 14.405 I 14.344 I
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r.
t
3
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c
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IS. 660 t
16,110 I 16,600 I 16,688 16,680 15;679 16,673 15,392 15,361 15.314 16,809 16.361 15,501 15.595 15,684 15,606 16,641 1 16,671 15.368 15,498 15.626 15,606 15,501 16,616 15,692 15.608 15.606 15,687 16,601 15.563 151579 15 552 15.343 15.306 15,335 I 15,209 1 15,219 I 15,674 I 15,662 16.678 15.656 15,626 I 15,637 1 15.693 I 15.-634 I 15,604 I 15.613 15,604 15,612 16.648 15,610 15.647 15.638 15.624 16,588 15,528 15 583 1.5^636 15,747 15,712 15,717 15.r)8:'' 15,076 15.671 15.667
I
21
60
46
72
95
The data in regard to coal contracts covered by index numbers 556 to 591 are published on pages 89-92 of Bulletin 119 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, while those for index numbers 662 to 689 are published on pages 96-98 of the abovementioned Bulletin. These data have been combined v^ith the location of the mine, name of mine, name of bed, commercial name of coal, size of coal, etc., given with the analyses in Table 4, and the probable number of the mine on Map II, and are as follows:
556. Cannelton; CBanelton mine; run-of-raine coal. BituminoUB coal delivered to the post-office, Detroit, Mich., Treasury Department, 1912-13. Contract guaranties: 32 per cent, volatile matter, 1 per cenr. sulphur, 7 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14,200 B. T. U., "as received." Price, $3.02 per ton.
557. Dubree and Sun, Rothwell and Sun mines (Nos. 119 and 161 on Map II) ; Sewell Coal; commercial name of coal. New River; run-of-mine coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to the main building of the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, 1911-12. Contract guaranties: 6 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14,600 B. T. U., "as received" Price, $3.20 per ton.
559. From same mines as index number 557; nut and slack coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Municipal Building, Washington, D. C:, 1911-12. Contract guaranties: 4.9 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14,600 B. T. U., "as received." Price, $3.10 per ton.
559. From same mine as index number 557; run-of-mine coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to the State, War and Navy Building, Washington, D. C, 1912-13. Contract guaranties: 2.5 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 4.8 per cent, ash, 14,900 B. T. U., "dry coal*' Price, $3.39 per ton.
560. From same mines as index number 557; run-of-mine coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to the shops at the propagating gardens, Washington, D. C, War Department, 1912-13. Contract guaran-ties same as No. 559. Price, $3.50 per ton.
561. Dunloup, Prudence and Scarbro; Dunloup, Prudence, and Scarbro mines (Nos. 164?, 151, and 160 on Map II); Sewell Coal; commercial name of coal. New River; run-of-mine coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to the United States engineer office, Georgetown, S. C, War Department, 1912-13. Contract guaranties: 2.5 per cent, moisture, 1 per cent, sulphur, 6 per cent, ash, 14,500 B. T. U-, "as received." Price, $3.48 per ton.
562. Elk Ridge; Elk Ridge mine; Powellton Coal; commercial name of coal, Kanawha gas; run-of-mine coal. Bituminous coal delivered to the United States court-house and post-offlce, Detroit, Mich., Treasury Department, 1909-10. Contract guaranties: 5 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14,360 B. T. U., "as received." Price, $2.90 per ton.
563' From same mine as index No. 562- Bituminx)us coal delivered to the custom-house, Detroit, Mich., Treasury Department, 1909-10, Contract guaranties and price same as No. 562.
564. Elk Ridge, Milburn, and Eagle; Elk Ridge, Milbum, and St. Clair mines (Nos. 60 or 61; 63 or 82; and 77 on Map II); Powellton and No. 5 Coals; commercial name of coal, Cando gas; run-of-mine
West Virginia Geological Survey. 899
CoaL Bituminous coal delivered to the Central Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, National Military Home, Ohio, 1911-12. Contract guaranties: 5 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14,410 B. T. U., "as received." Price, $2.55 per ton (2,000 pounds).
565- Harewood; Harewood mine (No. 25A on Map II); No. 2 Gas Coal; run-of-mine coal. Bituminous coal delivered to the custom-bouse, Detroit, Mich., Treasury Department, 1910-11. Contract guaranties: 8 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14,200 B. T. U., "as received." Price, $2.99 per ton.
566. From same mine as No. 565- Bituminous coal delivered to the United States court-house and post-office, Detroit, Mich., Treasury Department, 1910-11. Contract guaranties: 8 per cent, ash, "dry coal;" 14,200 B. T. U., "as received," Price, $2.99 per ton.
567. Layland and Minden; Layland and Minden mines (Nos. 218, 219, 220— Layland; 139, 140, 141, and 142— Minden, on Map II); Fire Creek and Sewell Coals; commercial name of coal, New River; run-of-mine coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to the post-office and subtreasury, Boston, Mass., Treasury Department, 1912-13. Contract guaranties: 22 per cent, volatile matter, 1.5 per cent, sulphur, 5 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14,500 B. T. U., "as received." Price. $4.15 per ton.
568. From same mines as No. 567. Semibituminous coal delivered to the United States engineer office, Jacksonville, Fla., War Department, 1913-14. Contract guaranties: 1.7 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 20.52 per cent, volatile matter, 0.7 per cent, sulphur, 6 per cent, ash, 14,900 B. T. U., "dry coal." Price, $4.74 per ton.
569. From same mines as No. 567. Semibituminous coal delivered to Fort Banks, Mass., Quartei*master Corps, War Department, 1913-14. Contract guaranties: 2 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 7 per cent, ash. 14,500 B. T. U., "dry coaL" Price, $4.45 per ton.
570* From same mines as No. 567. Semibituminous coal delivered to Forts Crockett, Travis, and San Jacinto, Tex., Quartermaster Corps, War Department, 1913-14. Contract guaranties: 0.8 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 19.9 per cent, volatile matter, 0.7 per cent, sulphur, 9-7 per cent, ash, 13,960. B. T. U., "dry coal." Price, $7.50 per ton.
571. Long Branch; Liong Branch Mine (No. 55 on Map II); No. 2 Gas Coal; commercial name of coal, Long Branch; run-of-mine coal. Bituminous coal delivered to the United States engineer office, Georgetown, S. C, War Department. 1914-15. Contract guaranties: 1.72 per cent, moisture "as received"; 27.24 per cent, volatile matter, 0.86 per cent, sulphur, 4.03 per cent, ash, 14,800 B. T. U., "dry coaL" Price, $3.64 per ton (2,000 pounds).
572> Macdonald and Glen Jean; Macdonald and Collins mines (Nos. 168 and 155 on Map II); Sewell Coal; commercial name of coal, New River Smokeless; run-of-mine coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to Northwestern Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, National Home., Wis., 1910-11. Contract guaranties: 6 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14,750 B. T. U., "as received." Price, $3.67 per ton (2,000 pounds).
573. Milburn; Milbum mine (No. 82 on Map II); Eagle Coal; commercial name of coal, Milburn gas; run-of-mine coal. Bituminous coal delivered to the Central Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, National Military Home, Ohio, 1910-11. Contract guaranties: 6 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14.300 B. T. U., "as received." Price, $2.50 per ton (2,000 pounds).
574. Minden; Minden mine (Nos. 139-142?); Sewell Coal; run-of-mine coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to the third lighthouse dl»-
trict, Newport, R. I., Bureau of LighthouBes, Department of Commerce, 1914-15. Contract guarantieB: 4 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 22 per cent, volatile matter, 2 per cent, sulphur, 10 per cent. ash. "dry coal"; 13,900. B. T. U., "as received." Price, $5.60 per tgn.
575. Prudence; Prudence mine (No. 161 on Map II) ; Sewell Coal; commercial name of coal. New River; run-of-mine coal. Semlbituminous coal delivered to the New National Museum, Wlashington, D. C. Smithsonian Institution. 1912-13. Contract guaranties: 3 per cent, mols-ture, "as received"; 4 per cent. ash. 14.850 B. T. U-. "dry coal." Price, $3.10 per ton.
576. From same mine as No. 575. Semibituminous coal delivered to the main building of the Department of Agriculture, Washington. D. C, 1912-13. Contract guaranties: 2.5 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 3.5 per cent. ash. 14,900 B. T. U-. "dry coal." Price, $3.19 per ton..
577- From same mine as No. 575. Semibituminous coal delivei-ed to the Treasury Building. Washington. D. C. Treasury Department. 1912-13. Contract guaranties: 2.5 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 8.5 per cent. ash. 14.900 B. T. U-, "dry coal." Price, $3.40 per ton.
578. From same mine as No. 575. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Winder Building, Washington, D. C, Treasury Department. 1912- 13. Contract guaranties: 2.5 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 3.5 peir cent ash, 14.850 B. T. U.. "dry coal" Price, $3.45 per ton.
579. From same mine as No. 575. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C, 1912-13. Contract guaranties: 2.5 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 3.5 per cem. ash, 14,900 B. T. U., "dry coal." Price, $3.35 per ton.
580. From same mine as No. 575. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Washington, D. C. Treasury Department, 1912-13. Contract guaranties same as No. 579. Price. $3.09 per ton.
581. Redstar; Star mine (No. 153 on Map II); Sewell Coal; commercial name of coal, New River; run-of-mine coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to the main building of the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C-. 1913-14. Contract guaranties : 2.5 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 22.64 per cent, volatile matter,' 1 per cent, sulphur, 4.8 per cent, ash, 14,900 B. T. U., "dry coal." Price, $3.42 per ton.
582. From same mine as No. 581. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Washington, D. C, Treasury Department, 1913-14. Contract guaranties same as No. 581- Price. $3.38 per ton.
583. From same mine as No. 581. Semibituminous coal delivered to the State, War, and Navy Building, Washington, D. C, 1913-14. Contract guaranties same as No. 581. Price, $3.59 per ton.
584. From same mine as No. 581. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Washington, D. C, Treasury Department, 1914-15. Contract guaranties same as No. 581- Price. $3.36 per ton.
585. From same mine as No. 581. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, 1914-15. Contract guaranties same as No. 581. Price, $3.41 per ton.
586. From same mine as No. 581. Semibituminous coal delivered to the State, War, and Navy Building, Washington, D. C, 1914-15. Contract guarantle.s same as No. 581. Price. $3.59 per ton.
587. Smithers; Oakland mine (No. 68? or 69? on Map II); Eagle Nos. 1 and 2 Coal; commercial name of coal, Richwood; run-of-mine coal. Bituminous coal delivered to the United States court-house and
West Virginia Cjkological Survey. Qoi
post-office, Detroit, Mich., Treasury Department. 1907-8, Contract guaranUes: 4.36 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14,000 B. T. U.. "as received." Price, $3.30 per ton.
588. FYom same mine as No. 587. Bituminous coal delivered to the United States court-house and post-offlce. Detroit, Mich., Treasury Department, 1911-12. Contract guaranties: 7.63 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14,200 B. T. U., "as received." Price, $2.97 per ton.
589. From same mine as No. &87. Bituminous coal delivered to the custom-house, Detroit, Mich., Treasury Department, 1911-12. Contract guaranties and price same as No. 588.
590. Prom same mine as No. 587. Bituminous coal delivered to the post-office, Detroit, Mich., Treasury Department, 1913-14. Contract guaranties: 7.63 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14,000 B. T. U., "as received." Price, $8.15 per ton.
591. From same mine as No. 587. Bituminous coal delivered to the United States court-house and post-office, Detroit, Mich., Treasury Department, 1914-15. Contract guaranties: 32 per cent, volatile matter, 1.5 per cent, sulphur, 8 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14,000 B. T. U., "as received." Price, $8.05 per ton.
In the table on pages 46-49 of Bulletin 119 of the U- S. Bureau of Mines giving the analyses from Raleigh and Fayette Counties, the location of none of the mines is given, all being marked "various mines", the commercial name of the coal in each case being "New River", and the size of coal shipped, "run-of-mine", except for No. 675 which was "nut and slack". No name of bed was given for No. 662, No. 669, and Nos. 683 to 689, both inclusive, the others being listed as from the Sewell ; Sewell and Beckley ; Sewell, Beckley, and Fire Creek ; or Sewell and Fire Creek. In the following data concerning the contracts in question, only the name of the bed, when given, appears in addition to the data given oi\ pages %-98 of the Bulletin mentioned above:
662. Semihltuminous coal delivered to the Southern Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, National Soldiers' Home, Va., 1910-11. Contract guaranties: 4 per cent ash, "dry coal'*; 14,750 B. T. IJ., "as received." Price, $2.89 per ton.
663. Sewell Coal. Semihltuminous coal delivered to Winder Building, Washington, D. C, Treasury Department, 1910-11. Contract guaranties: 5 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14,700 B. T. U., "as received." Price, $3.35 per ton.
664. Sewell Coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Washington, D. C, Treasury Department, 1910-11. Contract guaranties: 4 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14,710 B. T. U., "as received." Price, $3.19 per ton.
665. Sewell Coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Treasury Building, Wa-shlngton, D. C, Treasury Department, 1910-11. Contract guaranties: 5 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14,700 B. T. U-, "as received. '• Price, $3.30 per ton.
666* Sewell Coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to Fort Williams, Me., Quartermaster Corps, War Department, 1911-12. Contract guaranties: 6 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14,300 B. T? U., ''as received." Price, $4.66 per ton, delivery at Portland. Me.
667. Sewell and Beckley Coals. Semibituminous coal delivered to Fort Monroe, Va., Quartermaster Corps, War Department., 1911-12. Contract guaranties: 6 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14,600 B, T. U., "as received." Price, $3.11 per ton fo^ delivery to post and $3-29 per ton for delivery at artillery school.
668. Sewell Coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Winder Building, Washington, D. C, Treasury Department, 1911-12. Contract guaranties: 5 per cent, ash, "dry coal"; 14,600 B. T. U., **as received.' Price, $3.50 per ton.
669. Semibituminous coal delivered to Fort Monroe. Va-, Quartermaster Corps, War Department, 1912-13. Contract guaranties: 2.5 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 6 per cent, ash, 14,850 B. T. U., "dry coal." Price, $3.09 per ton for delivery at the artillery school.
670. Sewell Coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to Fort Williams, Me., Quartermaster Corps, War Department, 1912-13. Contract guaranties : 4.5 per cent, moisture, "as received" ; 6 per cent, ash, 14.50'J B. T. U., "dry coal." Price, $4.80 per ton, delivery at Portland, Me.
671. Sewell and Beckley Coals. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Southern Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, National Soldiers' Home, Va., 1912-13. Contract guaranties: 2 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 4 per cent, ash, 14,950 B. T. U., "dry coal." Price, $2.76 per ton.
672. Sewell Coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to Fort Williams, Me., Quartermaster Corps, War Department, 1913-14. Contract guaranties: 3.5 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 22 per cent, volatile matter, 1 per cent, sulphur, 6 per cent ash, 14,300 B. T. U., ''dry coal." Price, $5.30 per ton for delivery at post and $4.90 per ton for delivery to vessels.
676. Sewell Coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Treas-to Southern Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, National Soldiers' Home, Va., 1913-14. Contract guaranties: 3 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 22 per cent, volatile matter, 0.95 per cent, sulphur, 6.5 per cent, ash, 14,800 B. T. U., "dry coal." Price $3.13 per ton.
674. Sewell, Beckley and Fire Creek Coals. Semibituminous coal delivered to the United States engineer oflftce, Georgetown, S. C, War Department, 1912-13. Contract guaranties: 2.5 per cent, moisture, 1 per cent, sulphur, 6 per cent, ash, 14,500 B. T. U., "as received." Price, $3.65 per ton (2,000 pounds ),
675. Sewell Coal. Sei-aibltuminous coal delivered to the District Building, Washington, D. C, 1913-14. Contract guaranties: 3 per cent moisture, "as received"; 22 per cent, volatile matter, 1 per cent sulphur, 5 per cent, ash, 15,000 B. T. IJ., "dry coal." Price $3.65 per ton.
676. Sewell Coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Treasury Building, Washington, D. C, Treasury Department, 1913-14. <^on-tract guaranties: 3.5 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 5 per cent.,asb. 15,000 B. T. U.. "dry coal." Price, $3.95 per ton.
677. Sewell Coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to the New National Museum, Washington, D. C, Smithsonian Institution, 1913-1* Contract guaranties: 3 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 5 percent-ash, 15,000 B. T. U., "dry coal." Price, $390 per ton.
678. Sewell Coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Government Printing Offlce, Washington, D. C, 1913-14. Contract gnar*
West Virginia Geological Survey. 9O3
anties: 3 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 22 per cent, volatile matter, 1 per cent, sulphur, 5 per cent, ash, 15,000 B. T. U., "dry coal." Price, $3.75 per ton.
679. Sewell Coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Treasury Building, Washington, D. C, Treasury Department, 1914-15. Contract guaranties: 3 per cent, moisture, *'as received"; 22 per cent, volatile matter, 1 per cent, sulphur, 5 per cent, ash, 14,895 B. T. U., "dry coal." Price, $3.73 per ton.
680. Sewell Coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to the District Building, Washington, D.. C, 1914-15. Contract guaranties: 2-5 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 22 per cent, volatile matter, 1 per cent, sulphur, 5 per cent, ash, 14,895 B. T. U., "dry coal." Price $3.64 per ton.
681- Sewell and Fire Creek Coals. Semibituminous coal delivered to Fort Monroe, Va., Quartermaster Corps, War Department, 1914-15. Contract guaranties: 25 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 6 per cent, ash, 14,850 B. T. U., "dry coal." Price, $3505 per ton for delivery at fort, and $3.22 per ton f. o. b. vessels at Norfolk,, Va.
682. Sewell Coal. Semibituminous coal delivered to the navy yard at Washington, D. C, Navy Department, 1914-15. Contract guaranties: 3 per cent, moisture, "as received"; 22 per cent, volatile matter, 1 per cent, sulphur, 4 per cent, ash, 14,900 B .T. U., "dry coal." Price, $3.05 per ton.
683. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Panama Railroad Co., Newport News, Va., 1908-9. Contract guaranty: 14,600 B. T. U. "as received." Price, $2.65 to $2.80 per ton, f. o. b. steamers; April 1 to August 31, 1908, $2.65; September 1, 1908, to March 31, 1909. $2.80.
684 and 685. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Panama Railroad Co., at Sewalls Point, Norfolk, Va., 1910-11. Contract guaranty: 14,600 B. T. U., "as received." Price, $2.60 per ton.
686. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Panama Railroad Co., Newport News Va., 1911-12. Contract guaranty: 14,600 B. T. U., "as received." Price, $2.51 per ton.
687. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Panama Railroad Co., Newport News. Va., 1912-13. Contract guaranty: 14,800 R T. U., '*dry coaL" Price, $2.70 per ton.
688. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Panama Railroad Co., at Sewells Point, Norfolk, Va., 1912-13. Contract guarantv: 14 800 B. T. U., "dry coal." Price, $2.70 per ton.
689. Semibituminous coal delivered to the Panama Railroad Co., at Sewalls Point, Norfolk, Va., 1913-14. Contract guaranty and price same as No. 688.
Chapter Xii.
Clays, Road Material, Building Stone, Glass-Sand, Water-Power And
Forests.
Clays.
A general review of the clays and the clay industry in West Virginia is given in Volume III of the State Geological Survey Reports by G. P. Grimsley, published in 1905, along with an exhaustive discussion of the origin, chemical and physical properties and classiBcation of clays. The reader is referred to that volum6 for such data, as also the technology of the clay industry, the following quotation from page 225 being pertinent thereto as to the Kanawha Valley region:
"In the Charleston region there have been a number of brick plants in operation at various times, a number of which have been un* successful on account of poor business management rather than on account of the quality of the clays. The first brick paved street in the United States was laid in Charleston In 1872. One block of Summers Street, nearest the Kanawha River, was paved with brick set on sand, with a sub-structure of planks dipped in tar and also resting on sand. This block is still in use, and the street at this day (in 1905) is in very fair condition. For a number of years after that date (1872), the Charleston brick were shipped into Ohio, and the first brick paved streets in Columbus in the early 80's were laid with the Charleston brick set on tarred planks.
"With the opening of the paving industry in Ohio, the sale of the Charleston brick was confined to the State, and in later years they were used mainly for local trade, very few paving brick being shipped away."
According to C. E. Krebs\ the paving in the above mentioned street was relaid in the year 1911, thus giving 39 years for the life of the first brick pavement laid in the United States.
* Kanawha County Report, W. Va. Geological Survey, p. 679; 191*-
West Virginia (Ikouhjical Surx'Ev. 905
Absence Of Development.
There is not a single brick or pottery plant utilizing the clays or shales in Fayette County, although there is almost an inexhaustible supply of both raw material and cheap fuel — coal — ^with which to burn it. The large and growing demand for both building and paving brick, due to the growth of mining towns and the great demand in recent years for permanent road surfaces surely warrants the establishment of brick plants within the County, this being specially true for the high plateau region southward from Fayetteville to the Raleigh County Line. The nearest available source of supply for brick at present is the Charleston region of Kanawha County, 72 miles by railway from Macdonald.
Available Clay.
Transported Clay.
Transported clay of the alluvial form, represented largely by the Quaternary deposits on Map II — unconsolidated clay», sand beds, and gravel on the flood-plains and terraces along the valley-floors of the Kanawha River and other large streams — occurs in abundance, its thickness ranging from S to 50 feet. The detailed log of the B. H. Early No. 1 Well- No. 31 on Map II — published on pages 370-371, records 45 feet of quicksand and gravel, although starting 10 to IS feel below the general level of the valley-floor at Montgomery. Since a large percentage of these deposits is derived from the more or less argillaceous beds of the Kanawha Group and those of the Mauch Chunk and older rocks outcropping in the drainage basin of New River, they should burn into a fair quality of building brick; in fact, these have been successfully utilized for this purpose in the Charleston region. The location of a brick plant to develop these beds should be selected with the idea of securing the most favorable point for the distribution of the manufactured product, the amount of alluvial clay available, proximity of coal for fuel and lowest expense of handling the raw material. A study of
906 Clays, Road Material, Etc.
Map II, which shows the location of the Quaternary deposits and the existing steam railway lines, shows that the wide bottoms along both sides of the Kanawha River between Boomer and Deepwater probably best fill these requirements.
Residual Clay.
Residual clay, derived from the weathering of rocks in situ, does not occur in Fayette in sufficient amount and purity to warrant its classification as a commercial asset in the clay resources of the County, its chief economic worth being judged more by its effect on the soil for agricultural purposes.
Stratified Shales.
The several argillaceous shale beds in the basal half of the Kanawha Group; in. that portion of the New River Group between the Lower Nuttall and Upper Raleigh Sandstones; and in the Mauch Chunk Series, constitute by far the greatest source of supply of the raw material for the manufacture of both building and paving brick that may be found in the County. The outcrops of these three divisions of the rock column are exhibited in detail on Map II, a glance at which shows them intersected by feasible transportation lines.
In the Kanawha Group attention is called to the argillaceous nature frequently characteristic of the Douglas Shale l)roviously described in Chapter \T, page 275. It is usually vlark-gray to black in color and sometimes carries a high percentage of alumina, this being specially true in the eastern portion of Falls District and in Mountain Cove District. As it belongs only 5 to 15 feet above the base of the Kanawha Group, its outcrop should follow closely the same region as that outlined on Map II for the division line Detwccn the latter formation and the New River Group.
In the New River Group the shale beds between the Lower Xuttall and Upper Raleigh Sandstones are often ver>* arpllacoous. this being specially true on the high plateau in the central portion of Fayetteville District. In this locality
VVKST VIRGINIA GKOlXiGICAL SURVEY. 907
I he exposure of the Lower larger Shale, described in Chapter VII, page 304, warrants further investigation. Judging from its color and physical appearance here, it should burn into a fair quality of both building and paving brick. The location is in the midst of a highly developed coal mining region, as also in a fair agricultural locality, thus insuring a local demand for both building and paving brick and a cheap fuel supply sufficient to warrant the establishment of a small plant.
A general description of the Mauch Chunk Red Shales has already been given in Chapter IX, pages 332-335. Their outcrop in Fayette, as shown on Map II, is confined mostly to the steep hillsides of the New River gorge above Thurmond, and the waters of Meadow and Sewell Creeks in the southeast portions of Sewell Mountain and Quinnimont Districts. These red shales and the clays resulting from their weathering, should in many localities make a good quality of red brick adapted for both building and paving purposes, especially so for the manufacture of a beautiful pressed building brick. The most feasible locality to establish a brick plant in Fayette to operate these shales, from the standpoint of availability, transportation, and cheap fuel (coal), is apparently along the Sewell Valley Railway between Meadow Bridge and Rainelle. The analyses published on page 205 of Volume III of the State Survey Reports give a fair idea of the average chemical composition of these red shales.
Fire Clay.
No deposits of good fire clay of either the plastic or flint variety were observed in Fayette. That, associated with the coal beds, appears either too thin or impure to be of economic importance as it usually carries too high a percentage of silica and the fusible elements for the manufacture pf ware requiring high refractory qualities.
Road Material.
River And Creek Qravel.
The author has called attention in previous County Reports of the State Survey to the almost inexhaustible supply of gravel along the beds and banks of the streams, a form of valuable road surfacing material that has not been appreciated as it should. This gravel not only occurs in abundance and in convenient locations, but it also possesses very durable qualities, since much of it is derived from the hard and quartzitic sandstone ledges of the Pottsville, and it has been worn down by attrition to sizes suitable for direct application io the road surface, a feature that saves the additional expense of crushing, and when so placed, it is self -draining. Its use is recommended on many of the minor roads in the County, which are not subjected to very heavy traffic.
Limestone.
The limestones of Fayette are confined to the Kanawha Group, all of which have been described in Chapter VI. These consist of mere lenses and concretions from a few inches to 3 feet in thickness, constituting a supply so meager that they may be disregarded from a road material standpoint. Southeastward in the adjoining Counties of Summers and Greenbrier, there is an inexhaustible supply available from the outcrop of the great Greenbrier Limestone along the main line of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad that could be drawn upon without great expense in transportation, especially in the coal mining regions of Fayette, which have good railway facilities.
Sandstone.
The many hard sandstone ledges of the Allegheny and Pottsville Series outcropping in Fayette and described in detail in Chapters V-VIII, inclusive, should furnish an inexhaustible supply of rock material that would crush into sand suitable for use in the manufacture of concrete for the
West Virginia Geological Survey. 909
various forms of highway construction. The crushed rock from similar ledges has given fair satisfaction on improved roads in McDowell County when applied directly as surfacing material, on highways subjected to light traffic.
Brick.
The use of brick, manufactured from stratified shales and clay, has forged rapidly to the front as a road surfacing material during the last decade, this being largely due to its established durability and cheapness of maintenance, when subjected to all forms of traffic. The greatest objection against it appears to be the first cost. In this connection, the following table, in which the first cost per lineal mile is based on roads already constructed in the State with a width of 14 feet, should prove of interest, the data being furnished by A. D. WilHams, State Road Engineer, and the variation in cost depending mostly on the transportation expense for the material used:
Surfacing Material Cost per Lineal Mile.
Gravel $ 500 to $ 3.000
Macadam 600 to 7,500
Concrete 7,450 to 16,500
Brick 15.000 to 21,000
In Fayette, it is the author's belief that material in abundance for the manufacture of good paving brick, if properly burned, is obtainable from the sources described under "Clays" on preceding pages of this Chapter, with a resulting reduction in cost on account of transportation charges.
Building Stone.
The sandstone quarries in Fayette have been described in detail under their respective geological horizons in Chapters V-IX, inclusive. The following table gives a list of these, arranged in descending order and classified by Series, along with page references to their descriptions :
Clays, Road Material, Etc.
Name of Sandstone. In Kanawha Oroup, Fottsrllle:
Dotson
Location of Quarry.
K. bank, G'auley River, near Bclva, (Vo. 1 OIL Map XZ)
W. bank, Rich Creek. H mile S.E. of (lauley River (No. 9 OB
I'lMier Xuttall 'Ho». 4, 6, 6 and 7 on Map H, on
S.E. edge of Fayettevillc
Lower Nuttall E. side of Paint Creek, at Herbcrton
Glen Jean
Zn Manoh Obunk Series:
Princeton Conglomerate At Mine No. 167 on Map II, near
Turkey Knob
On E. hillside of Meadow Creek.
0.4 mile southward from Meadow
Map ZZ,
Page of this Report _
29S 309
Available Stone.
The only stone available for building purposes in Fayette are the sandstone ledges of the Allegheny, Pottsville, and Mauch Chunk Series, the limestone beds, as mentioned on a preceding page of this Chapter under "Road Material", being too thin and irregular to have any economic importance other than to slightly enrich the soil in the immediate region of their outcrops. The sandstones range from flaggjand shaly beds, lacking the essential cohesiveness for building purposes, to great massive, current-bedded and more or less quartzitic ledges, 25 to 100 feet or more in thickness, some of which will split into building blocks of almost any desired size. The latter type is represented by the Upper East Lynn and East Lynn of the Allegheny Series; Homewcxxi, Upper Coal-burg, Upper Winifrede, Upper Gilbert, and Dotson of the Kanawha Group; Upper Nuttall, Lower Xuttall, Haney Conglomerate, Guyandot, Lower Guyandot, Upper Raleigh, Lower Raleigh, and Pineville of the New River Group of the Pottsville Series. These have all been described in preceding Chapters of this report, references to which are given in the Table of Contents and in the Index. Owing to the highly siliceous nature of these ledges, stone from them possesses very durable qualities, but the current-bedded nature of many of their cliff exposures renders them more suitable for rough stone work, such as coke-c»vtns, bridge piers, foupdalion^, re-
West Virginia Geological Survey. 9I I
taining walls, mining buildings, and concrete aggregate, being too irregular in bedding and texture for ornamental forms. The pinkish color and fairly uniform texture of the Upper Nuttall ledge in the vicinity of Fayetteville, and the middle portion of the Lower Nuttall at Herberton, present an attractive appearance in the buildings already constructed from them.
Glass-Sand.
Quarries.
New River Silica Company. — In the western edge of Quinnimont District this company operates the only plant :ind quarry for the manufacture of glass-sand in the County. The quarry is located near the crest of the east hillside of New River, 0.5 mile northeast of Ephraim, at an elevation of 2610' B., in the Upper Raleigh Sandstone ledge, as determined by the author, the quarry-face being about 300 feet long; 25 to 30 feet high; and is worked back eastward from the outcrop of the ledge a distance of SO to 60 feet. The soil cover to be removed ranges from 0 to 12 inches. The company has a lease on a tract of 700 acres. The raw stone is carried off the mountain by two 6-ton monitors over an incline railway — 3300 feet in length — to a crushing and washing plant on the main line of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad, just above the mouth of Buffalo Creek, where it is crushed, washed, screened, and dried. According to Mr. T. H. Price, Superintendent, and Mr. S. B. Thomas, a stockholder in the company whose principal office is located at Hinton, W. Va., the plant first started to operate in the summer of 1915 and in October, 1916, 25 to 30 men were employed at the quarry and crushing plant, the average daily output being about 150 tons of prepared sand. The latter brings $1.50 per ton and is shipped mostly west to glass manufacturing plants in West Virginia at Dunbar, St. Albans, and Huntington, the sand being adapted to the manufacture of both window and flint glass ware.
The author collected two samples for analysis — No. 922H from the raw stone at the quarry and No. 92 IH from the pre-
912 Clays, Road Material, Etc.
pared sand at the plant, the composition of which, as reported by Messrs. Hite and Krak, of the Survey Staff, is as follows:
N0.922H. N0.92Ih.
L08B on ignition 0.50 0.23
Totals 100.00 100.00
The results show a very pure sand that is suitable for the manufacture of the finest flint ware requiring great brilliancy and uniform density.
Available Sand.
There is an inexhaustible supply of sandstone available for the manufacture of glass-sand in Fayette County. As shown by the above data, the Upper Raleigh ledge is the only one that has yet been worked. Southward in Quinnimont District from the plant last described to the valley of Laurel Creek there is a large acreage of this stratum capping the ridges with but little cover to be removed in quarr>'ing. Here it possesses the same physical appearance of grayish-white color as at the quarry of the New River Silica Company, and no doubt the same high grade sand could be produced.
The PineviUc Sandstone outcrops in grayish-white an*! quartzitic clitTs 30 to 50 feet in thickness along both hillside'^ of Meadow River southeastward from the mouth of Bunlette ^>eek to Rainelle. At the mouth of the latter stream the autb.or collected a sample for analysis, the composition or wh:ch. a^ reportcvi b\ Me>sr>. ':-.ite and Krak, is a> fcl^'^ws:
No. 916H.
S.Iioa t SiO. » JS.93
M.isrr.t<:iira C.irbora.e iM^iCO' • .^i
Tota: lOO.W
West Virginia Geological Survey. 913
The results indicate a sandstone of the same high grade and purity from a glass-sand standpoint as the Upper Raleigh ledge at the quarry of the New River Silica Co., described above. There is an almost inexhaustible supply of the Pineville ledge available in Fayette, and, since it belongs only 30 !o 50 feet below the Fire Creek Coal, its outcrop should follow closely the same regions as that outlined for the latter bed on Map II.
The Upper Raleigh and Pineville Sandstones offer such an abundant supply of high-grade glass-sand, that other ledges — Lower Nuttall and Lower Raleigh — only slightly less pure, were not sampled.
Water-Power. .
Present Development.
Electro Metallurgical Company, Kanawha Works. — The only utilization on a commercial scale of the water-power resources of Fayette County is the plant of the Electro Metallurgical Company at Glen Ferris on the north side of the Falls of the Kanawha River, the principal office of the latter company being at the latter town and the New York City office in the 42nd Street Building. It has constructed just above the crest of the Falls a dam 2600 feet in length and 6.5 to 7 feet in height, giving a total fall of 22 feet available for water-power under normal conditions, according to Geo. T. Lancaster, Cashier, who is authority for data concerning this plant.
The product manufactured is ferro-chromium which is used for hardening purposes in the manufacture of armor plate, projectiles, and high-speed tool steel. The raw materials utilized are chrome ore, coke, and lime. The chrome ore is imported principally from South Africa. Domestic ore from the State of California has recently been tried, but its quality is inferior and the known supply reported about exhausted. The process of the manufacture was not revealed. The plant employs 52 men — 30 skilled and 22 ordinary laborers, and it has an average monthly output of 350 tons of ferro-chromium.
914 Clays, Road Material, Etc.
The power equipment consists of 10 McCormick turbines— six 48-inch ; two 30-inch ; one 27-inch ; and one 24-inch. The six 48-inch turbines are each connected to a separate 350-K\V alternating current generator; the two 30-inch, to one 375-KW alternating current generator; the 24-inch, to a 60-K\V alternating current generator; and the 27-inch to a three stage centrifugal pump. The foregoing turbine equipment should produce in its maximum development about 2700 horse-power, the minimum, during very low water stages and ordinary flood conditions probably being 50 per cent less, and practically zero at very high flood stages.
According to reliable information furnished by natives of Fayette County, this company obtained about 20 years ago a 99-year lease from Chas. Reeder Heirs, of Baltimore, Maryland, on the Falls and a tract of 500 acres immediately adjoining on the south side of the river, and, owing to leaks in the dam only about one-half the water flow is available for power in the lowest water stages recorded.
Available Water-Power.
With the exception of the plant at Kanawha Falls, no other attempt on a commercial scale has been made to develop the vast amount of hydro-electric power available on the large streams in Fayette, although there are many small water-wheel mills along the smaller streams to grind the grain of the immediate region. The most important streams for the development of such power on a commercial basis are the Kanawha, New, Gauley, and Meadow Rivers, descriptions of which, their rate of fall, area of their drainage basins, and gauging records kept by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the W. Va. Geological Survey, are given in Chapter II, pages 39, 42, and 67, 33-6, 37-9, and 39-83, respectively. A study of the gauging records shows that the run-off during the winter and spring months is high and that for the summer and fall correspondingly low; hence, in any contemplated plan of development, the construction of large impounding reservoirs should be taken into consideration in order to ecjualize the flow available at the power-plants. The remote-
West Virginia Geological Survey, 915
ness of great cities for a ready market of the electric current that could be produced and the immediate presence of a great available tonnage of a high-grade steam coal as a competitive factor operate against the establishment of such plants at this time. Other serious drawbacks are the presence of considerable towns, railway lines, and valuable coal beds low down near the valley floor, the flooding of which in many localities would make the cost of condemnation prohibitive. As these coal seams approach exhaustion under the rapidly developing mining operations in the not far remote future, then this vast permanent source of energy should be drawn upon.
The five following tables, showing the indicated horsepower developed by the above-mentioned streams and the location of reservoir sites, are taken from pages 399, 404-5, and 412-13 of the Semi-Centennial History of West Virginia, by Dr. J. M. Callahan, the tables in question being part of a special article on "Water- Power Resources of West Virginia" by A. H. Horton, District Engineer, Water-Resources Branch, U. S. Geological Survey, published in 1913:
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West Virginia Geological Survey. 92I
As the water-power resources of Fayette County are so great, if developed to the economic limit, a very interesting comparison of the costs of steam and water-power and the amount of coal saved by the utilization of the latter, is strikingly expressed in the following quotation from Mr. Horton, taken from pages 391-2 of the volume from which the above tables were republished :
"According to the tables which follow, the minimum amount of energy developed by the streams in West Virginia is about 350,000 horse-power, the assumed maximum is 1,163,000 horse-power. It takes from 11 to 15 tons per year of high-grade steam coal to produce one continuous horse-power in the most efficient steam engines in ordinary use. The amount of coal, based upon the lower of the above figures, necessary to produce the minimum horse-power developed by West Virginia streams is therefore 3,850,000 tons per year, to produce the maximum 12,800,000 tons per year.
"The annual cost of producing power by steam plants varies from about $25 to $150 per horse-power, depending upon the type of engine and boiler and the capacity of the plant These figures include interest at 5 per cent., depreciation, repairs, oil, waste, labor, and fuel, using coal at $2 per ton.
"Water-power must, of course, compete with steam power derived, in general, from coal. It will therefore remain undeveloped unless it can be disposed of at less cost, except to certain customers who will pay a higher price for the convenience of obtaining electrical power.
"It costs from about $45 to $200 per horse-power measured at the turbine shaft to construct water-power plants ready to deliver electrical power. This electrical power can be sold for less in the immediate vicinity of the power plant than anywhere else as the cost of transmission is considerable and varies with the distance, voltage, and amount transmitted.
"To prevent a threatened water-power monopoly and reduce rates for electricity the province of Ontario, Canada, created a Hydra«E31ec-tric Power Commission in 1906 with full power to control plants and to buy and sell power. This commission is now onerating 300 miles of 110,000-volt main transmission lines, and 180 miles of distributing lines buying current from the Ontario Power Company, a private corporation at Niagara Falls, at $9 per horse-power per annum. The rates charged the municipalities to cover cost vary from $18 to $29.50 per horse-power per annum, according to distance from Niagara Falls. The commission is supplying power at present to thirty municipaUties. The city of Toronto, located approximately 90 miles from the source of power, purchases 10,000 horse-power from the commission for $18.50 per horse-power per annum for 24-hour service, which is very much less than it would cost if produced by steam plants.
"What has been done in Ontario, Canada, can be done in West Virginia or any other State. At present there is very little hydroelectric power developed in this State and the passing of laws to regulate the price of electricity for use as power or for Illumination ought
922 Clays, Road Material, Etc.
not be a difficult matter. The need of legislation or of a commission to regulate the charges for electricity is shown by the fact that a* Buffalo electricity costs $25 per year per horse-power while at Toronto, which is three times as far from Niagara Falls, the common source of power, the price is about 26 per cent less."
Forests.
A very complete description of the forests and timber conditions of the State by Counties is given by A. B. Brooks in Chapter VI, Volume V of the W. Va. Geological Survey Reports, published in 1911, the details of which, pertinent to Fayette County, on pages 137-8, as relating to the original forests, lumber industry, and the present forest conditions, are republished herp as follows:
'The Original Forests.
"The topography of Payette is such as to promote the growth of valuable forests. Originally the low and fertile lands of the Gauley and of that portion of the Great Kanawha within the county, were characterized by the abundance of yellow poplar, black and white walnut, white and red oaks, sweet buckeye, bass-wood, cucumber and white ash, as well afi the less valuable sweet gum, sycamore, river birch, honey locust, and others. On the clays of the higher areas such species as maples, white oak and beech predominated, with fringes of hemlock along the water courses and with scattered clumps of pitch pine and scrub pine growing on dry ridges and along the sandstone outcrops.
'The Lumber Industry.
"Some of the beat yellow poplar, bhick walnut and other timber growing along the Great Kanawha and the Gauley Rivers was cut and rafted out about 50 years ago. The New River is too rapid for even the successful drifting of single logs and, as there was no other means of transportation then, the bulk of the timber in the interior remained until a later date. A large number of staves were cut in a wasteful manner on Laurel Creek about 35 years ago and several small steam and water mills were in operation before that time. Two sash sawmills, at least, existed in the county as early as 1835. Timber cutting on a large scale for commercial use did not begin until about 18S5. The industry has continued without interruption and at an Increasing rate until the present day. The greater part of the timber so far taken has been sawed by portable stave and lumber mills located throughout the county. These have delivered their lumber over branch railroads, wooden tram roads and, by means of wagons, over country roads, to the various stations along the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and, more recently, to Belva, Gauley Bridge and other stations on the Gauley branch.
West Virginia Geological Survey. 923
"Large requisitions have been made upon the timber by the 160, or more, coal companies operating within the county. The quantity of timber used in mining, through a long series of years, for posts, caps, headers, ties, tipples, and buildings, is enormous. In the judgment of those men best acquainted with the present situation the time is near when the scarcity of both timber and water will become alarming if, indeed, it is not already so. A number of coal companies, however, are taking steps to preserve the remnant of less valuable but rapid-growing timbers still standing In the extensive cut-over forests. An enterprising company owning property on Loop Creek has built an Immense dam near the head of that stream and Is catching the run-off water of early freshets for their use in mining operations.
"The present lumber industry embraces the operations of 2 large band mills located within the county and a third located near the eafitem line in Greenbrier County, together with the smaller operations of about 25 portable mills. These have a combined capacity of not less than 250,000 feet per day. The large mills are engaged in the removal of timber from the remaining virgin tracts and the small mills are cutting wherever a few thousand feet of timber can be brought together.
''The Present Forest Conditions.
"There is, perhaps, 10 per cent., of cleared land in the county. The remaining 446,000 acres are in forest. Only about 53,000 acres, however, are yet in virgin growth. The balance is cut-over and woodlot forest owned by coal and lumber companies and by farmers. It is estimated that there is an average stand of about 2,500 feet per acre of the less valuable kinds of timber such as black gum, beech, sugar, and red maple, birch, etc., yet remaining on the cut-over and woodlot land, but that at least 80 per cent, of the value of the original forest has been removed. Areas aggregating 200,000 acreSjOr more, of cut-over lands lie chiefly in the southern and western parts of the county and are largely owned by coal companies. The principal virgin forest areas lie in the region of Big Sewell Mountain, in the eastern part of the county, and, farther north, along the Meadow River."
Areas Suitable For Reforestation.
As show^n by the above data, only about 10 per cent, of the area of Fayette is cleared land and probably 75 per cent, is too rough, and steep and stony ever to be successfully utilized for agricultural purposes, tillage, except in the plateau regions, being mostly confined to narrow strips along the valley floors, with now and then a small cove clearing. Hence, there is a large acreage that would be otherwise unproductive, if it were not made to produce timber by a systematic process of reforestation. By far the greater portion of this rough land is owned by large coal and lumber companies and
wealthy non-resident individuals, a feature that should simplify the problem of reforestation, in that a plan of cooperation could be more readily established in the employment of a force of forest rangers, the expense being assessed proportional to the number of acres owned. In addition to looking
Appendix •'A."
Some Revisions In Correlation For
Members Of Kanawha Group In
Mingo County, West Virginia
In Chapter VI, pages 246 and 249, under the description of the Dingess Coal and the Seth Limestone, the belief was <x- pressed that the Dingess CoaP at Dingess, Mingo Couny, correlated with the Williamson Coal^ of Williamson, same County, and that the marine limestone exposure, 20 to 30 i< et below the Dingess Coal, on the north bank of Twelvepole Creek, j4 mile southeast of Dingess Station, at an elevation of 990' B., correlated with the Seth Limestone^ instead of 1 he Dingess Limestone* as the latter is represented at its type locality in the bed of Twelvepole Creek, 1.1 miles southeast of Dingess Station. This conclusion had been reached fn'm a more detailed knowledge of the marine fossiliferous he ri- 2ons of the Kanawha Group acquired while gathering data in the field for reports on other counties in southern West \ ir-ginia since the publication in 1914 of the Report last cited. The authors of the Report in question were greatly han ii-capped by lack of time for gathering the field notes, owi ig to the difficulty of tracing coal beds and other memb( rs throughout the largely forested area prevailing in Logan and Mingo Counties. The author of this Report, who is also senior author of the Logan-Mingo Report, had never b(en entirely satisfied with the correlation^ of the members of t'lis portion of the rock column as published for the region lying between Dingess and Naugatuck in Mingo County, the mi ist
*Logan-Mingo Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, pp. 163-5; 1914. 'Loc. cit., pp. 166-8.
'C. E. Krebs, Boone County Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 3 55; 1915.
*Logan-Mingo Report, W. Va. Geol. Survey, p. 165; 1914.
APPENDIX "a''
of the field notes for this locality having been gathered by the junior author, D. B. Reger. The author recently visited the Dingess and Hale regions of Mingo and established the fact that the Dingess Limestone belong 25 to 40 feet above the Dingess Coal at the type locality of both members, instead of 20 to 30 feet below the latter, thus making the Dingess Coal one and the same bed as the Williamson. The true stratigrapliic succession along Twelvepole Creek in the Dingess regpion for this portion of the rock column is shown in descending order by the following section, the serial numbers for the coal openings used being the same as given for the corresponding openings in the Logan-Mingo Report heretofore mentioned :
Revised Dingess, Mingo County, Section.
Thickness. Total. Feet Feet
Coal 1'
Slate, black 1
Coal, blocky 1
Coat, slaty 1
CoaJ, semi-splint. 1 Shale, gray, 3" to. 0
Coal 0
Shale, gray 0
Slate, bony 0
Coal, semi-splint. 3
8"
0
0
6
4
2
4
1
5 Chilton Coal. ....
Shale and concealed in steep slope,
Sandstone, shaly, Hernshaw
Shale, gray, 0" to
11
59
30
3
Coal 0'
Shale, gray 0
Coal 0
Shale, gray 3
Coal, semi-splint.. 2
8"
2
Fire clay shale
Sandstone, Williamson
Shale, Dingess, gray to black, siliceous and limy, with limestone lenses, Dingess, and marine fossil shells abundant, 20' to . . .
Sandstone, Dingess, lenticular, 5' to
Draw slate
Bone 0 V/i Wiilliamson,
Coal, splinty 1 8 ''Dingess"
30
25
1
Shale
Sandstone, Upper Cedar Grove, 10' to,
11
West Virginia Geological Survey. 927
Thickness. Total. Feet, Feet. Shale, siliceous, iron ore nodules abundant, 3' to 5 240
Limestone, Seth, ferriferous, marine fossil shells 1 241 30'
In the foregoing section it will readily be seen that tlie "Dingess" Coal belongs from a few inches to 30 feet below the marine fossiliferous Dingess Shale and Limestone and in this locality about 30 feet above the Seth Limestone, or at the horizon of the Williamson bed. A new-member, the Dingess Sandstone, makes its appearance here and southward on Laurel Creek, but it is quite lenticular in its occurrence, frequently thinning down to less than 5 feet in exposures along the Norfolk & Western Railway northwest from Dingess.
The elimination of the Dingess Coal as a separate and
distinct bed from the Williamson calls for a slight revision of
the General Section of the Pottsville Series for the Southc rn
Half of West Virginia, published on pages 100-111, inclusive,
of this Report, but only in that portion given on page 102
below the Hernshaw Coal, which should be revised to read
as follows:
Thickness. Total. Feet Feet. Coal, Hernshaw, multiple-bedded,mined
on Lens Creek, Kanawha County,
where it is known as the "Black
Band" seam 0 to 4 700
Shale 6 to 10 710
Sandstone, WilliaTnson 20 to 30 740 «
Shale 4nd Limestone, DInqess, gray to
black, limy and siliceous shale with
limestone lenses, and marine fossil
shells abundant, widely persistent in
Kanawha, Fayette, Nicholas, Boone,
Logan, and Mingo Counties and in
State of Kentucky 20 to 30 770
Sandstone, Dingess, lenticular, local to
Mingo County 0 to 22 792
Coal, Williamson, multiple-bedded,
splinty, mined commercially at Williamson and Dingess, Mingo County,
same as "Dingess" bed of Logan- Mingo Report of W. Va. Geological
Survey 1 to 8 800 100'
Fire clay, impure, and shale 1 to 5 805
Sandstone, Upper Cedar Grove 10 to 40 845
it . tt
Thickness. Total. Feet. Feet.
Shales, dark-gray, siliceous, with iron ore nodules, holding marine fossiliferous Seth Limestone of Boone County, the latter being widely persistent in Mingo, Kanawha, and Fayette Counties 20 to 50 895
Coal, Cedar Grove, multiple-bedded, splinty; when normal, the base of upper bench is hard and splinty, and reverse is true of lower bench; mined extensively in the Kanawha Valley; same as island Creek seam of Logan, the upper bench being the Red Jacket or Upper Thacker bed of Mingo County 2 to 5 900 100'
It w^ill be noted above that the Naugatuck Sandstone has also been eliminated from the general section as published on page 102 in the belief that at its type locality in Mingo County it represents the Williamson ledge.
From the foregoing data it follows that the approximate minable area of the Dingess Coal bed, as shown on page 466 of the Logan-Mingo Report, should be added to that exhibited for the Williamson Coal, published on page 487 of the same Report.' Likewise, the available tonnage of the former bed, given on page 486, should be added to the results giv^en for the Williamson seam on page 511 of the same Report.
The erroneous assumption that the two marine fossiliferous limestone exposures on Twelvepole Creek, southeast of Dingess, represented the Dingess Limestone and Shale, resulted in some confusion in the correlations of the bed mined at Openings Nos. 380-4 and 62A, as published for the Dingess- Hale region on pages 478-480 of -the Logan-Mingo Report, these all being on the Hernshaw Coal instead of the Dingess bed. The same assumption led to the belief that the Warfield Fault accounted for the difference in elevation of the two limestone exposures heretofore mentioned, but careful investigations of the sandstone ledges cropping high up on the mountainsides, on this December, 1918, trip, failed to reveal any marked displacement of the rock strata southward and southeastward for 2 miles from Dingess, a feature that leads to the conclusion that the Warfield Fault does not extend northeastward from Tug River to the Dingess locality.
Appendix "B. •
Levels Above Mean Tide,
Railroad Levels.
The Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad.
Main Line.
Distances
from Ft. Monroe
Stations.
Hinton
Barksdale
Sandstone
Meadow Creek
Glade
Quinnimont . .
Prince
XN Cabin
Thayer
Alaska
Claremont
Stonecliff
Thurmond
Dimmock
Rush Run
Beury
Central
Fire Creek
Pennbrook . . . East Sewell . . .
Sewell
Caper ton
Keeney Creek
Nuttall
Fayette
Newlyn
Michigan
Sunnyside
Gaymont
Hawks Nest . . MacDouffal . . . . Cotton Hill . . . Gauley
Elevation
Summers
Summers
Summers
Summers
Summers
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Appendix
B.
Distances
from Ft. Monroe
Stations.
Old Gauley
Deepwater
Mt. Carbon
St. Clair
Eagle
Edgewater
Crescent
Montgomery
Morris Creek Junction
Consolidated
Handley
Paint Creek Junction..
Hansford
Crown Hill
Belmont
Black Cat
East Bank
Coalburg
Cabin Creek Junction .
County
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Payette
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
6S6 647
Laurel Creek Branch.
Distances
from
Quinnimont
Stations.
County
Quinnimont Fayette
Coke Ovens ' Fayette
Robins jP&yette
Laurel Fayette
Big Q Fayette
IBrownwood Fayette
Hemlock Hollow Fayette
Louo Creek Branch.
Distances
from Thurmond
Stations.
ISouth Side
Harvey . . . .
IRedstar . . .
Junction
Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette
Glen Jean * Fayette
Whiteoak Junction Fayette
Sun Fayette
Derryhale Fayette
iMacdonald ' Fa vette
Elevation
"1070 . • • • • . • ■
West Virginia Geological Survey.
Whiteoak Branch.
Distances
from
W. O. June.
Stations.
Whiteoak Junction.
Wingrove
Scarbro
Whipple Junction..
Carlisle
Oak Hill
County
Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette
Elevation
Distances
from Thurmond
Stations.
Thurmond Ballahack Minden . .
County i Elevation
Fayette Fayette Fayette
South Side Branch.
Distances
from
Hawks Nest
Stations.
Hawks Nest . MacDougal . .
Whitney
South Fayette
M J Cabin
Brown
Cunard
Red Ash
Rush Run
County
Elevation
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Payette
Keeney Creek Branch.
Distances
from
Keeney Creek
Stations.
County
Elevation
Kpenev Creek
Payette Fayette Payette Fayette
Boone
Masters
Lookout
APPENDIX ''b/*
Distances
from STATIONS. Hawks Nest
County
r
Elevation
Hawks Nest
Fayette Fayette
S37
Ansted
Gauley Branch.
Disiances
from
Gauley
Stations.
IGauley
JK. & AI. Junction
Belva
Open Fork Junction . Carterboro (Ben tree) Open Fork Junction .
Hells Creek
Vaughan
Greendale
County
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Nicholas
Nicholas
Nicholas
Nicholas
Nicholas
Nicholas
Elevatio.
Powellton Branch.
Distances
from Mt, Carbon |
o'.o
Stations.
Mt. Carbon Fayette
Cardiff Fayette
Powellton Fayette
Elevation
Paint Creek Branch.
Distances
from Paint
Creek June.
Stations.
County
Elevation
Paint Creek Junction
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Kanawha
Fayette
Fayette
$Zd
Scale Yard
Mucklow
Wacomah
Standard
Bedford
Detroit
Morton
Nuckolls
Tomsburg
Greencastle
Imperial Junction
Burnwell
Imperial Junction
Hickory Camp
Mahan
West Virginia Geological Survey.
The Kanawha A Michigan Railway.
Main Line.
Distances
from
Toledo
"346.6
Stations.
London
Cannelton
Smithers
Longacre
Harewood
Boomer
Falls View... Glen Ferris . . . Gauley Bridge
Kanawha
Kanawha
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Elevation
THE VIRGINIAN RAILWAY. Main Line.
Distances
from
Sewalls Point
Stations.
Clrtsville . Herberton
Lively
IPage
JRobson . . . IDeepwater
County f Elevation
Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette
Sewell Valley Railroad.
Distances
from I
Meadow Creekj
Stations
IMeadow Creek
IBeu'rytown
IClaypool Mine
IClaypool
ITina
INaylor Switchback
Dllly Siding
Camp Seven Switchback
Meadow Creek Switchback
Meadow Bridge
Meadow Bridge Mine
Hawiey
'Hawley Mine Siding
Elevation
Appendix
"b/'
Distances from 1
Meadow Creeki
Stations.
• V ■ •
Arthurs
Teays Siding
Springdale
jLowerys Siding. .
Youngs
Wilt Siding
Griffith Siding...,
Sevy ,
Sims
Rainelle
Rainelle Junction
Dwyer
Green Siding
Surbaugh
Honeydew
Cruikshanks Farm, Crusher Siding . . Burdette Creek . . .
Dry Creek
Ejlevation
The above levels on the Sewell Valley Railroad were sent the Survey by T. W. Raine, President, under date of September 30, 1918.
Mann8 Creek Railroad.
Under date* of October 16, 1918, the following letter was received from Geo. Bean, General Manager of the Babcock Coal & Coke Company, which owns and operates the Manns Greek Railroad :
"We have your favor of September 15th to our Sewell office, asking for levels of the Manns Creek Railroad, and we beg to advise yon that our road is a narrow gauge and leaves the C. & O. Railroad at Sewell, which is an elevation of about 800 feet. We come up the mountain to what we call the Junction, a distance of five miles, where the elevation is 1612 feet, and from this Junction to Clifftop, a distance of 31/^ miles, and the elevation at Clifftop is 2282 feet. This line from Sewell to Clifftop runs in a northeasterly direction. From what we call the Junction we have our Lumber Railroad running out a distance of 3 miles to Landisburg, a southeasterly direction, where the elevation is 2249 feet. From Landisburg we have about 20 miles of Logging Railroad running back in the mountains, where the elevation at some points is 3000 feet.
West Virginia Geological Survey.
"Sewell, Clifftop, and Landisburg are the only stations we maintain on our entire system. Our Coal Mines are located at Clifftop, Coke Ovens at Sewell. and our Double-Band Sawmill and Planing Mill at Landisburg."
Kanawha, Glen Jean & Eastern Railroad.
Main Line.
Distances
from Glen Jean
Stations.
Elevation
Glen Jean Fayette
Sun Fayette
Sunset Fayette
Derryhale Fayette
Dunloup Fayette
Turkey Knob Fayette
Macdonald Fayette
♦Sugar Creek Junction Fayette
Mount Hope Fayette
Kilsyth Fayette
Price Hill JRaleigh
Oswald j Raleigh
Graham , Raleigh
Tamroy Haleigh
|End of track ' Raleigh
1600.0 1626.5 1626.5 1635 . 5 1658.4 168ij.5 1686.7 1696.5 1709.7 1723.0 1785.0 1911.0 1992.0 2050 . 0 2086. 8S
Sugar Creek Branch.
Distances from * Sugar Creek June.
Stations.
'Sugar Creek Junction
Mount Hope ,
Tunnel Siding
Big Fork
O'Neal
Millers Camp
Pax
Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette Favette
Elevation
U. S. Geological Survey* Levels
Beckley Quadrangle.
From packs east along hlohway and ChesApeake & Ohio Ry. to
Thurmond.
Feet.
Packs Branch. 0.3 mile east of, on sharp curve to south, on south abutment of culvert over small stream; chiseled cross, marked "1703" 1J02.07
Packs Branch, 1 mile east of, 0.3 mile west of Upper Packs Branch School, 150 feet south of road, 40 feet south of Packs Branch, 80 feet north of railroad, in large sandstone rock; bronze tablet stamped *'1768" 1.767.053
Mount Hope, 2.2 miles west of, 60 feet west of end of tunnel, 7 feet south of track; chiseled cross on ledge of rock, marked "1866" 1,864.41
Mount Hope, 0.9 mile west of, 250 feet west of head-block of switch, on curve to south, 60 feet south of road, 15 feet north of track; chiseled cross on rock, marked "1727".. 1,726.01
Mount Hope, 0.1 mile north of, 100 feet south of Kanawha, Glen Jean & E^astem R. R. track, 30 feet east of road junction, 10 feet south of Sugar Creek Mining Co.'s store, in sandstone ledge; bronze tablet stamped "1708" 1,707.656
Mount Hope, Bradley's drug store, in the sidewalk in front;
a brass plate stamped "1738" 1,738.094
Mount Hope, 2.4 miles north of, 0.3 mile south of Sun, 800 feet north of mile-post T 8, on curve to west, 10 feet west of railway; chiseled cross on rock, marked "1652" 1,651.09
Glen Jean, 0.1 mile east of station, on south abutment of bridge of Chesapeake & Ohio Ry., east end ; bronze tablet •stamped "1605" 1,603.665
Harvey, 125 feet northwest of railroad telegraph office, 160 feet west of road crossing, on curve to north, in bluff north of railroad tracks; chiseled cross on rocks, marked "1571" 1,569.69
Harvey, 1 mile east of, on sharp curve to south, 7 feet north of track, 0.1 mile east of mile-post T 4; chiseled cross on rock, marked "1486" 1.486.39
Harvey, 1.7 miles east of, 0.2 mile east of mouth of Hamilton Branch, 75 feet north of track, on north bank of Dunloup Creek, in sandstone ledge; bronze tablet stamped "1404". 1,402.785
Harvey, 3.2 miles east of, 0.7 mile east of Meadow Forks, 800 feet east of mile-post T 2, 25 feet south of track, in curve to south; chiseled cross on rock, marked "1249" 1,247.82
Thomae, 0.25 mile east of, 700 feet east of mile-post Tl. 10 feet south of track, on sharp curve to north; chiseled cross on rock, marked "1113" ; 1,111.94
Thurmond, In north end of east abutment of bridge over New
River; aluminum tablet stamped "1068" 1,067.457
•From Bulletin 632, U. S. Geological Survey, 1916.
From Qulnnimont waat along Chasapeak« A Ohio Ry. to McCrearx-
Feet.
Quinnlmont, 46 feet Boutb of Btation, In top of north abutment at west Bide of r&llroad bridge; aluminum tablet stamped ■'1200" 1.199.058
Prince, In front of station; top of rail (1912) 1,192.1
Stanaffrrd, 5 miles northeast of, 0.3 mile east of Terry Junction, on north end of east abutment of bridge 10; cbiseled croBB, marked "1190" 1.1S8.36
McCreery, in front of station; top of rail 1,197.8
Near Sawell.
Sewell, 1 mile east of, south edge of track; chisel point on
boulder, chiseled "1437 U. S- 1,436.«
Sewell, on bluff above, at road crossing of Sewell Valley Lumber Co.'s railroad and Springdale wagon road; chisel point on boulder, chiseled "1240 U. S." I.239.9B
Sewell, 0.6 mile south of, 170 feet south of mile-poet "Cin. 268." In foundation of semaphore-pole; aluminum tablet stamped "1011" (description as published In Bull. 399, o. 11, Is In error) 1.010.118
Eccle8 Quadrangle.
Cle«r Creek, 4.1 miles east of, on divide between Taney Fork and Willis Branch, on boundary line between Raleigh and Payette Counties. 100 feet south of road, on sandstone rock ; bronze tablet stamped "2447" 2.446.E38
Pay, l.S miles west of station, on road leading up Willis Branch, 50 feet south of road Junction, 40 feet north of Willis Branch, about 200 feet east of small stream, 10 feet east of road; chiseled cross on rock, marked "1729". 1,727.89
Pax, O.S mile north ol station, 10 feet west of track, at
south end of cut; cross chiseled In rock, marked "1628". . 1.628.16
Pax. &00 feet north of station, 60 feet west of track. In sandstone rock; bronze tablet stamped "1639" 1,638.770
Pax, 0.7 mile east of. 0.2 m{le west of head-block of switch on main track. 30 feet south of main track. In mouth of email hollow; chiseled cross on rock, marked "1636" 1,636.24
FAVETTEVILLE 15' (Kanawha Falls SO") QUADRANGLE.
Caperton, In front of station; top of rail 991.0
Nirttall (Nuttallburg poat-offlCB), 0.56 mile east of, north
of track, in top of east abutment to railroad culvert;
aluminum tablet stamped "969" 96^
Nuttall, In front of station; top of rail 94
NuttatI, 1.47 miles west of, 200 feet west of mile-post "CIn.
262," west of track. In face of large rock; aluminum
tablet stamped "924"
Fayette, In front of station ; top of rail
West Virginia Geological Survey. 939
Feet.
Wyndal, in rront of poBt-offioe; top at rail 695.4
Balva, 0.4 mile south of station, 0.6 mile north of Wyndal post-offlce, in south face of capstone on eaet end of eouth abutment of bridge across Gauiey Hlver; shank of old bronze tablet (old bench mark which was stamped
Betva, in front of station; top of rail 706.9
Belva, 2.6 miles northeast ot, 20 feet north of railroad, 40 feet south ot creek, 220 feet east of point opposite mouth of Bells Creek, on large sandstone boulder; chiseled square, marked "700" 701.71
From Belva along Gauiey Rivsr to Llttlo Elk Creak'.
B«iva, 4.8 miles east of, 0.5 mile northeast of moutli of Elk Creek, 15 feet northwest of road, in ledge of rock; aluminum bolt stamped "752 Knwa" 751.540
From Fayetta north along highway to Lockwood.
Nuttallburg, 1.47 milee west of. 220 feet west of mile-post "Cln.-262,*' south of track, in very high boulder; aluminum tablet stamped "924" 923.546
Lansing, 0.36 mile southwest of postoffice, east of long overhanging outcrop, 75 feet west of balanced boulder south of road, 2 feet above grade, in sandstone outcrop north of road; aluminum tablet stamped "15S3" 1,582.345
■.jiniing, 0.77 mile northeast of post-office, 60 feet south ol wooden culvert over branch where road turns sharply to east, balfway down hill to Mill Creek, west of road, on sandstone outcrop; chisel cut marked "1717" 1,716.23
Lansing, 1.5 miles northeast of, 200 feet west ot house north ot road, on south edge of road on sandstone ledge ; chisel cut marked "1766" 1,765.78
Lansing, 2.2 miles northeast of, 0.17 mile east of pine grove, at slight hollow to south. 50 feet west of bend to north, south ot road, in sandstone outcrop; aluminum tablet stamped "1814" 1.813.195
HIco, 1.5 miles southwest of, 40 feet east ot road north leading to Thomas Kinkaid's place, 100 feet west of wooden bridge over branch, 140 feet east of branch, north of road, on sandstone outcrop; chiseled square, marked "1885" 1,884.84
Hico, 0.7 mile west of postnafflce, 175 feet east of Timber Lake Schoolhouse, at south edge of road, on Mill Creek, In sandstone outcrop; aluminum tablet stamped "1955".. 1,954.079
Deltz, 3.76 miles southwest ot, 300 feet east of turnpike road, north ot road, on sandstone outcrop; chiseled square, marked "2034" 2,032.98
Deitz, 3.7S miles southwest ot, 300 feet east of turnpike road, below top of hill, ground facing north and opposite aide of Osborn Creek to church and school, 130 teet east of house on west side of road, 10 feet west of alight hollow, under white walnut tree, in sandstone boulder; aluminum tablet stamped "1798" 1,797.068
'Part ot old line to Nicholas Quadrangle.
<4-> »»
Deitz, 0.3 mile west of post-office» 150 feet west of branch, 90 feet north of sharp turn to north where road approaches hollow, west of road, on sandstone ledge; chiseled square marked "1814" 1.813.66
Ramaey, 0.56 mile north of, 30 feet east of Liaurel Creek, 600 feet north of Gwinn Branch, opposite side of creek from house, 12 feet west of road, in sandstone boulder; aluminum tablet stamped "1427" 1,426.528
Lucas, 500 feet northwest of post-office, on north side of Gauley River, 130 feet west of Wood's ferry landing, north of road in huge conglomerate boulder; aluminum tablet stamped "1006" 1,005.058
Albion, 1.12 miles east of, 125 feet northeast of Pinegrove Schoolhouse, 150 feet southwest of wooden bridge over branch, north of road, 1 foot above ground, in sandstone outcrop; aluminum tablet stamped "1306" 1,305.023
From Cotton Hili south a long highway to point on Loup Creek 2
miles west of Wriston.
Cotton Hill, 1.14 miles west of, 150 feet south of mile-post "Cin. 253," 7 feet east of track, in top of large rock; aluminum tablet stamped "771" 770.240
Beckwith, 0.88 mile west of post-office, 4.08 miles east of Dempsey, on north edge of county road, 150 feet west of fork of road to south, nearly opposite deep hollow and schoolhouse, in solid sandstone boulder; aluminum tablet stamped "1223" 1,221.928
Dempsey, 1.8 miles east of, opposite deep hollow, on north edge of county road, near top of bank, on sandstone outcrop; chiseled square, marked "1321" 1,320.75
Dempsey, 0.98 mile east of post-office, 10 feet northwest of county road, 50 feet northwest of gristmill owned by W. H. Nugen, 20 feet south of blacksmith shop, 200 feet east of Laurel Hill Schoolhouse, in sandstone outcrop; aluminum tablet stamped "1325" *. 1,324.582
Dempsey, at fork of road to south up Left Fork of Laurel Creek, 200 feet east of Dogged Chapel, on so^id sandstone boulder; chiseled square, marked "1345" 1,344.48
Dempsey, 2.03 miles west of, at north edge of county road, 360 feet from foot of hill on Laurel Creek side, in solid sandstone boulder; aluminum tablet stamped "1531" 1,530.264
W^piston, 0.73 mile east of post-office, at south edge of county road, opposite and 300 feet from residence of B. W. Settle, on sandstone outcrop; chiseled square, marked "1535".. 1,534.69
Wriston, 0.9 mile west of post-office, 4.05 miles southeast of Klncaid post-office, 20 feet north of Deepwater R. R. track, 400 feet south of county road, at east end of rock cut, 600 feet southeast from residence of K. Kincaid, 1,600 feet east of mile-post, "DW-13," in sandstone boulder; aluminum tablet stamped "1409" 1,408.031
N«ar Robaon from Mil«-po«U 7 t<
Robion, 0.63 mile south of poet-office, Just south ot Underwood's store, SO leet south of road croBsing. 700 leet north of mile-post "DW-6," on top atone at west comer of north abutment of bridge acroas Loop Creek; chiseled square, marked "lOlW 999.13
Robaon, 1.08 miles north of post-office, 150 feet southwest of Vlrgtnian Ry, track, 300 feet weat of station, 1,200 feet east of mile-post "DW-4," In flat sandstone boulder; aluminum tablet stamped "874" 872.9S3
From Deepwater Mat to Kanawha Falla.
Kanawha Falls, 3,000 feet southwest of station, 500 teet west of hollow, on south end of stone culvert; cblseled square, marked "669" 658.18
Meadow Creek Quadrangle.
From Meadow Creek northeast along road up Meadow Creek to Springdale, thence northweat to Sewell.
Meadow Croek, 0.2 mile west of. In top of west abutment at north side of railroad bridge; aluminum tablet stamped "1269" 1.270,126
Meadow Creek, 1 mile northeast ol, 10 feet east of tracK;
chisel point on ledge, chiseled "1400 U. S." 1,399.93
Beurytown, 0.3 mile northeast of. 20 (eet west of track;
spike In base of telephone-pole, scribed "1556 U. S." 1,666.17
Tina, 0.6 mile southwest ot, south ed^e of track; chisel point
on boulder, chiseled "1776 U. S.' 1,775.66
Tina, 0.4 mile southwest of, 20 feet vest Of track, at road crossing, 150 feet north of schoolhouse, 150 feet nortli of switch. In boulder, bronze tablet stamped "1S6S B 1912" 1.86T.728
Tina, 0.9 mile northeast of, 200 feet south of flrst switchback, east edge of track; chisel point on boulder, chiseled "2021 U. S." 2.020.92
Meadow Brldga, 1 mile southwest of, west end of south abutment of culvert; chisel point, chiseled "2239 U. S." 2.238.72
Meadow Bridge, 20 feet northeast of station, 20 feet west of road crossing, in large boulder; bronze tablet stamped "2422 B 1912" 2,421.607
Meadow BHdge, I.l miles northeast of, 260 feet north ot switch, at road crossing; chisel point on boulder, chiseled "2503 U. S." 2,502.66
Eprlngdale, 0.7 mile soulhwest of. south '^Mc ot track, at west
end ot hill; chisel point on rock, chiseled "2721 U. S.". .. 2,721.18
Springdaie, 300 feet east of station, south edge of public road,
in ledge; bronze tablet stamped "2770 B 1912'' 2,769.841
'Other elevations on this railroad are given in list for Montgomery Quadrangle.
942 Appendix '*B."
Feet.
Springdale, 1.1 miles northwest of, north side of road; oak tree 1 foot in diameter at fence comer, scribed "3044 U. S." 3,044.15
Springdale, 2.2 miles northwest of, west edge of road; nail in
root of 3i>s-foot oak tree, scribed "3176 U. S." 3,176.06
SprlngdlsUe, 3 miles northwest of, on stone stoop of Quinton Sub. Dist. No. 5 school building; chisel point, chiseled "3059 U. S." 3,058.60
8pringdaie 3.5 miles northwest of, 650 feet west of S. T. Gilkeson's blacksmith shop, north edge of road, in large ledge; bronze tablet stamped "3244 B 1912" 3,244.018
8. T. Giikeson's blacksmith shop, 0.9 mile northwest of, 500 feet west of forks of road, west edge of road; nail in root of 2-foot chestnut tree, scribed "3245 U. S." 3,244.97
Danese. 1 . 7 miles southeast of, at forks of road leading south ; nail In root of 1-foot white oak tree, scribed "2978 U. S." 2.977.39
Danese, 0.6 mile southeast of, east edge of road; nail in root
of 2-foot oak tree, scribed "2702 U. S." 2,701.88
Danese, 100 feet east of, 40 feet north of Lady Hall Sub. Dist. No. 5 school building, south edge of road in ledge; bronze tablet stamped "2637 B 1912" 2,636.896
Maplewood, 0.9 mile south of, south edge of road, where road turns to right, 25 feet north of Maplewood Chapel (Methodist Episcopal Church) ; chisel poiat on cement walk, chiseled "2705 U. S." 2,704.53
Maplewood, 50 feet south of post-office, south edge of road, at
road forks; chisel point on rock, chiseled "2717 U. S.".. 2,716.58
Mapiewood, 0.6 mile northwest of, 200 feet north of railroad right of way, west edge of road; chisel point on boulder, chiseled "2618 U. S." 2,617.68
Maplewood, 1.6 miles west of, at forks of road to S. E. Gwinn's farm house, south edge of road; nail in root of l-foot sourwood tree, scribed "2872 U. S." 2,871.83
Landisburg, 1.9 miles southeast of, 300 feet west of S. E. Gwinn's farm house, south edge of road; chisel point on boulder, chiseled "2769 U. S." 2,768,46
LandSsburg, 800 feet west of, 20 feet north of track, in ledge;
bronze tablet stamped "2365 B 1912" 2,364.577
Landisburg, in front of post-office; top of rail 2,349.2
Landisburg, 1.9 miles northeast of, at summit of hill, south edge of track, 100 feet west of road crossing; nail in root of 1-foot chestnut tree, scribed "2417 U. S." 2,416.89
Clifftop, 1.9 miles west of, west edge of road; nail in root of
12-inch oak tree, scribed "2097 U. S." 2,096.52
Clifftop, 2.6 miles southwest of, 100 feet west of railroad bridge over Glade Creek, south side of creek, 20 feet west of water-tank, in face of icliff; bronze tablet stamped "1967 B 1912" 1,967.059
8eweil, 3.2 miles east of. south edge of road; chisel point on
boulder, chiseled "1854 U. S." 1.853.33
Sewell, 2.1 miles east of, south edge of road; chisel point
on boulder, chiseled "1625 U. S." 1,624.52
From Springdale north along highway to Rlveraid«. (Line leveled twiM).
Feet. Springdale, 1.1 miles Dorthweet of. 200 leet south ot road
crossing. 200 feet south of switch; chisel point on west
end of north abutment, chiseled "2675 U. S." 2,674.95
Springdale, 2.6 miles north of, 40 Teet east of track; copper
nail in base of S-foot oak tree, scribed "2643 U, S." Z.543.10
Springdale, 3.9 iiilles north of. cast edge of track, chisel
point on boulder, chiseled "2465 U. S." 2,465.05
Sturgeon Branch, 200 feet east of station, south end of west
abutment of railroad bridge; bronze tablet stamped
"2420 B. 1913" 2,419.398
Sime, 40 feet north of station; chise) point on boulder.
chiseled "2419 U. S." 2.419.09
Rainelle, 1 mile west of, 40 feet west of track; copper nail
in base of 2^4-foot white-oak tree, scribed "2399 U. S."'., 2.398.97 Rainelle, in west side of stoop of bank building; bronze
tablet stamped "2426 B 1912" 2.424.601
Rainelle, 1.6 miles northeast of, 40 feet north of track; copper
nail In base of 1-foot oak tree, scribed "2393 U. S." 2,392.49
Aldrich Camp, 3.3 miles northeast of Rainelle, 40 feet south
of track, at point where river turns north, in large
boulder: bronze tablet stamped "2395 B 1912" 2,395.386
From point 2.13 miles west of Wriaton north down Loop Creek along Vlrstnlan Ry. to Deepwater.'
Wrieton, 2,13 miles west of, 2. 82 miles east of Klncald, 800 feet east of mile-post "DW-12," n.eaTly opposite residence of Mr. KIncald, on top step of south end of small stone culvert, chiseled square; marked "1289" 1,288.62
Kincaid, 0.97 mile south of. 8 feet west of Virginian Ry.. on outside of long curve, 100 feet west of Loop Creek, in sharp bend, 600 feet south of mile-post "DW-10," In sand' atone outcrop; aluminum tablet stamped "1184" 1,183.785
Kincaid, opposite and 200 feet west of post-office, 1,200 feet south of mouth of Lick Branch, on top stone of east comer of north abutment of railroad bridge; chiseled square, marked "U37" 1,136,61
r'age, 1,26 miles north of post-office, S feet west of Virginian Ry., 250 feet south of mile-post "DW-7," opposite coal hollow and town of North Page, in sandstone outcrop; aluminum tablet stamped "1065" 1.0e4.19r
Robeon, 3.33 miles north of, 500 feet norti of point opposite mouth of Big Right Fork, 60 feet north of mile-post "DW-2," on east corner of south bridge seat of double-span triple I-beam bridge 4; chiseled square, marked "769" 768.
'Other elevations near RobsoB will be found in Hat for Fayettf Quadrangle.
944 Appendix *'B."
Robson, 4.03 miles north of, (0.88 mile south of Deepwater post-office) . 200 feet south of point opposite mouth of Little Right Fork. 2,000 feet south of mile-post "DW-1," in west comer of north bridge seat of railroad bridge 1
across Loop Creek; aluminum tablet stamped **715" 714.134
Deepwater, at railroad crossing; top of rail, marked "651"... 6(9.9 Deepwater, 1.000 feet east of post-office, 30 feet north of Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. tracks, on sandstone boulder;
chiseled square, marked "647" 646.38
Boomer, in front of station; top of rail 644.9
Harewood, in front of station; top of rail (see primary b. m.) 643.0
Lonoacre, in front of station; top of rail 645.1
Smithert, in front of station; top of rail 640.4
Can'nelton, in front of station; top of rail 638.8
Canneiton, 1.03 miles west of, in east face of masonry near north end of Kanawha Lock 2; bronze tablet stamped "614 Knwa" (old bench mark — elevation given in 21st Annual
Lock 2, top of coping over tablet (elevation given in 21st Annual Report. 614.530) 613.808
London, in front of station; top of rail 636.0
London, 395 feet north of, east of track, in top of railroad culvert, aluminum tablet stamped "636" 635.334
Huoheston, in front of station ; top of rail 629.1
Riverside, in top of coping stone at northwest comer of head
of Lock 3; aluminum tablet stamped "606" 605.466
Riverside, in front of sign-board; top of rail 626.5
Cedar Grove, in front of station; top of rail 619.5
Cedar Grove, 1.95 miles west of, in top of bridge seat in east abutment at north side of railroad culvert; aluminum
tablet stamped "618" 617.316
Shrewsbury, in front of station, top of rail 617.2
Raleigh 30' Quadrangle.
Glade, in front of station; top of rail 1.242.2
G ladle, 0.75 mile west of. north of track, 250 feet west of milepost "Cin. 290," in top of railroad culvert; aluminum
tablet stamped "1233" 1,232.434
Quinnlmont, 40 feet south of station, in top of north abutment at west side of railroad bridge; aluminum tablet stamped
"1200" 1.199.058
Quinnlmont, in front of station; top of rail 1,201.5
Prince, in front of station; top of rail 1,192.1
McKendree, 0.21 mile east of, 85 feet east of mile-post "Cin. 282," north of track, in face of boulder; aluminum tablet
stamped "1137" 1.136.459
McKendree, in front of station; top of rail 1,130.6
Thayer, in front of sign-board; top of rail 1,111.3
Thayer, 60 feet east of sign-board, south of track, in top of west abutment of railroad bridge; aluminum tablet
stamped "1111" : 1,110.013
Alaska, in front of sign-board; top of rail 1.096.8
Claremont, in front of station; top of rail 1,089.8
Feet Stoneclitr, 0.17 mile east ot. In toUDdatlon of semaphore-pole;
aluminum tablet stamped "1083" 1,082.060
Stonecllff, In Iront of station; top of rail 1,079.3
Thurmond, in Iront of station; top ot rail 1.070.9
Thurmond, 111 north abutment on west side of railroad bridge
over New River; aluminum tablet stamped "■1068" 1,067.457
Riwh Run, In front of station; top of rail 1,046.7
Beury, In front of slgn-hoad; top ot rail 1.037.8
Beury, 160 feet east of sign-board, In top of west abutment at north side of railroad culvert; aluminum tablet stamped
"1036" 1,035.596
Fir« Creek, In front of station; top of rail , 1,034.2
Sewreil, 0.58 mile south ot, 170 feet south of mile-post "Cln. 268," in foundation of semaphore-pole; aluminum tablet
stamped "lOll" 1,010.113
SevMll, In front of sUtion; top ot rail 1,008.2
Winona Quadrangle.
From Kealers Cronlanea along hlghvMyi aouth to Carnif«x thence «a«t to Fowler Knob (leveled twice).
Kealera Crowlanea, 600 feet aouth of store and crossroads 100 feet south of S. P. Campbell's house, west of road, in ledge; brass bolt stamped "1568 Knwa" 1,567.998
Kealer* Croaaiance, 1.4 miles south of. west side of road. In root of tree, copper nail with washer stamped "U. 3. G. S. W. Va. B. M." 1,667.26
Ketlera Croealanes, 2.6 miles south of, west side of road. In root ot tree; copper nail with washer stamped "U. 8. Q. S. W. Va. B. M." 1.706.40
Camifex, north side of Gauley River, 35 feet north of ferry landing, east side ot road, In large ledge; bronze tablet stamped "1190" 1,190.647
Camlfex, 1.6 miles southeaat of. east side of road, on ledge;
chiseled square 1,813.73
Mount Lookout poat-ofTlce, 90 Feet east of, north side ot road. In root of tree, copper nail with washer stamped "U. S. O. S. W, Va. B. M, ■ 1.981.20
Mount Lookout, 1 mile southeast at. 250 feet south of school-bouse, east side ot road. In ledge of rock; aluminum bolt stamped "2069 Knwa" 2,070.448
From Fowler
Miilera Ferry (over Meadow River), 0.1 mile north of, east of river, west of road, in ledge of rock; aluminum bolt stamped "1906 Knwa" 1,906.917
Ruaaellvllle, 90 feet north of, east ot road, west ot river, in
ledge of rock; aluminum tablet stamped "1900" Knwa".. 1,901.102
Riveralde (at Meadow River), 160 feet northwest of, 80O feet east of ford, west of road, between house and bam. In one of several ledges ot rock; aluminum bolt stamped "2324" Knwa 2,326.319
Near Riverside.
Feet Ciifftap, 0.5 mile west of, 100 feet east of switch, 15 feet north
"2291 U. S." 2,291.17
Camp No. 1, 0.3 mile south of, west edge of track; chisel
point on large boulder; chiseled "2374 U. S." 2,373.87
Riverside, 0.2 mile south of, west edge of track; chisel point
on boulder, chiseled "2351 U. S." 2,351.38
Secondary Elevations. .
Place ; Quadrangle
County
Elevation
Big Sewell Mountain Hinton
Boggs Knob Raleigh
Page triangulatlon station. . . Fayetteville . . Paint triangulation station I
Potato Hill .... Hinton
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette
Fayette, Raleigh Fayette, Raleigh Fayette. Raleigh
Town Creek Knob 'Raleigh
Page
R. E 611
la. Yield of 542
s, Briquets:
>eek Coal 844
Coal
Coal:
ove 488
unnel 874-5
y 876
-eek 877
iningr 466
Is 850. 877
S97
e 1 871-7
i 4 897
Iption of 870. 896. 898
'2*. 573. 881
;s.. 844 '87, 767
Index.
I*age. Analyses, Gas:
Eagle Coal 633. 634
No. 2 Gas Coal
Powellton 688. 592. 596. 597
Analyses. Glass-Sand .... 912
Analyses, Limestone:
ESagrle 265
Anderson, John F., Opening
Animal Products 20
Annual Temperature and Precipitation at Beckley 31
Annual Temperature and Precipitation at Powellton 30
Ansted — Hawks Nest Section.
Ansted, Description 23-4
Ansted, Prof. David Thomas . . 24
Anschutz, P. H 47
Anticlinal Spurs, Minor 96
Anticline, Boggs Knob 94-5
Anticline, Mann Mountain... 9i-2
Anticline, Ravenseye 93
Anticlines 91
Appendix "A" — Some Revisions in Correlation for Members of the Kanawha Group In Mingo County, W.
Va. 925-8
Appendix "B" — Levels Above
Mean Tide 929-946
Arbuckle Creek 36, 39
Arbuckle Creek Branch, C. &
O. R. R 12
Arbuckle Creek Branch. C. &
O. R. R., Levels 931
Arbuckle Creek Mines 721
Archer Mine, Production 379
Area of County 19
Area of Districts 19
Area of Drainage Basins. . . .38-39 Area of Drainage Basins by
Districts 37
Area of Drainage Basins of
Rivers 38
Areas Suitable for Reforestation 923-4
Armstrong Creek 34, 38
Arrowwood Creek 39
Ashley, A. W 786. 787
Atkinson. G. W 182
Available Clay 905-7
Available Coal by Districts.
Summary 867
Available Sand 912
Available Stone 910
Available Water-Power 914-22
Average Gauge Reading of
Kanawha River by Month.s. 8
Page. Average Gauge Reading of Kanawha River by Years.. 9
"B" 341
Babcock Coal & Coke Co
Babcock Coal & Coke Co.: ' aiflftop" Drift No. 1 (181)..
Production 377, 384
Level.s 934-5
Babcock, E. V 788
Baby Mine. Production 378
Bachman Mine, Production... 379
Bachman, V 705
Backus, C. D 343
Bailey, C. T
. .41, 61, 62, 70. 71, 72, 77, 78. 80 Bailey, Wm.. .190. 191, 487, 491. 551 Ballinger Coal Co.:
No. 1 Mine, Production 377
Production 377
Barbour-Upshur-Randolph Report 236. 310, 336
Barton. R. R 126-6, 467
Basins, Drainage 37-83
Basins, Drainage, Area 38-39
Basins, Drainage, Area by Districts 37
Bays, Jacob R. .77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 83
Bean, Goo 934
Beard, J. B 772
Bearwallow Conglomerate
Beckley Coal
448, 417, 44S. 4E2. 4BS. 4E4. ibi. 727. S13, 897, xxvll, xxix. xxx
Beckley Coal. Liowsr
SS, 89. ia». 169, 177, 1B2, lU. 198, 199. 200, 201. 203. 204. 20G, 20E, 207. 20S, 209, 211, 212. 213. 29*. 31S. SU.aO, 321, 3G0. SG3. 376, SS7, 3SSA. 38SB. 3B8C. 414. 41B, 41fi. 41'. 418, 421, 424. 430. 431. 134. 416. 417. 418. 4Sn. 4S1, 4G2. 153. 464. 46B, 673, 717. 729, 795-849, 881.
Bockley Coal. Lower
Beckley Quadrangle. Levels, S36-7
Beckley "Rider'' Coal
Beckley. Temperature and Preclpttatlon at 31
Beckwlth— 1.7 Miles West Section 160, 221
Page. Berwlnd, E. J.. Core Teats:
Beury Broa. Coal & Coke Co..
Beury Broa. Coal & Coke Co.:
"Echo" MIn
183. 186. 188. 188. 282. 617. 874. 879, g-Sl. 896. Reechwood Coal & Coke Co.;
No. 1
I. 821-6. 877. B8». S«l. 883. 893. SS5.
Bell. J. Wade 892, 697
Bella Creek of Twentymtls
Creek 3B
Reive. Gaging Station Records
Belva — 0.7 Mile South Section
Belva— 1 Mile Northeast Section 135-8. 221
Bens Creek Coal 104, 261
Bens Creek Sandstone 101, 261
Bere
Sand.
336. 337. 3*0, 311A. 343. 311. 346. 347, 318. 350. 352, 363. 358. 369, 380, 361, 363. 361. 366. 367. 368. 369. 371.
Bcrea Sand. Contours 360
Berea Sand, Depth to SUA
Bertolel. H. M 782
Herwind, E. J 388IB
Berwlnd, E. J.. Core Tests:
No. 1
No.
Mine
S17, 877. 880. 898. 8»5 ..198, 199, 7&4
Production 377
Beury Coal & Coke Co 821, 823
Beury. J, L,. Heirs 810
Beury. J. L.. Opening (501)... 789 Beury No. 3 Core Teat (111)..
Beury Section 199-20D, 231
Beurytown Section 216-16. 221
Beury. Wm„-Cooper & Co 781
Beury. Wm.. Core Test (108), SSSC Big Bend Coal Co. "DImmock"
Big Bend Coal Co.. I'roductlon 377 Big Bend Mine, Production. . 377
Big Creek of Oauley River 39
Big Creek of New River 38
Big Injun Sand
353. 3E7. 368. 369. 361. 383. 366,
367. 889. 371. Big Injun Sand. Depth to... 341A Big Ume
341, 341A, 312. 311, 318. 317. 318.
Big Lime. Di-pth to 341A
Birdsboro Steel A Foundry Co.
Bishop— O.B Mile Northwes
Blackburn, H, H
Blsck Fllnl. Kanawha
E13
Black Marble
Index.
Blake. Bud. Lessee, Mine (310) 532 Blake, J. A.. Lessee, Mine
Blake. William 25. 27
Blenkitisopp, Lawrence 726
Blenkinsopp. Liawson 656
Blithers, Samuel 469
Blue Contours 360
Blue Hole Tunnel 807
Blue Ridge Railroad 10
Bluestone River. Indicated
Blume Coal & Coke Co.:
Production 377
"Boggs Knob Anticline
Section 218, 2»1
Bolar. Coleman 074
Bolivar Fire Clay Shale 98
Boomer Branch 38
Boomer Coal & Coke Co.. 126. 467
Boomer Coal & Coke Co.:
Production 377
Boomer — % Mile E2ast Section
Boomer Section 125. 221
Boone Coal & Coke Co 692
Boone Coal & Coke Co.. Michigan Mine (106) 686. 875. 879
Boone Coal Co 388B
Boone County Report 249. 925
Boone County Well Records. 341A
Boone Mine. Production 378
Bowyer. Peter 25
Boyd. Jas. H 730. 812
Brachiopoda 289-292
Brackens Creek 34, 39
Co
3S8. 388A. 3896. 403. 443, 444. 44F
Page. Brackens Creek Coal St Land Co.:
Brady, A, P
828. 829. 831. 832, 833. 836. 837. Branch Coal Sc Coke Co., Production 377. 384
Brellahan. M. W 5S
Brick 909
Brick Plant Site 905-7
Bridges. W. K 618
Briquet Tests. Fire Creek CToal
Briquet Tests. Sewell Coal . . .
Broeman. F. C 805
Brooklyn Coal & Coke Co 714
Brooks, A. B 921
Brown Coal Co., Production. . . 377 Brown Coal Co.. South Nuttall Mine (181)
Brown Mine. Production 377
Index.
Pafft:.
Brush Creek, Indicated Horse- Power Developed by 919
Brush Creek Limestone, Fossils 283
Buck Run Mine, Production. . . 377
Buffalo Collieries Co. Mine 288
Buffalo Creek Coal
Buffalo Creek Coal Co 828
Buffalo Creek Limestone
Buffalo Creek of Meadow River 39
Buffalo Crreek of New River, 36, 39
Buffalo Mine,CEfphraims Creek) (203) 826-8, 877. 880. 893. 895
Buffalo Mine, Production 377
Building Stone 909-11
Bumwell Coal
Burrows. J. S 657, 582, 748, 800
Buster, Matt 623
Butcher Branch 38
Cabell- Wayne-Lincoln Report. 227 Cabin Creek 86, 38
Paffe. Cabin Creek District (Kanawha), Detailed Core Tests
Cabin Creek Oil Pool
Cabot. G. L 341A, 347
Callahan, J. M 9, 16, 916
Callison, I. A 865
Calvert. W. R 618
Camp Branch. 39
Campbell Creek Coal
Campbell Oeek Coal
(See No. 2 Gas and Peerless Coals) Campbell Creek Coal, Lower. . 103, 121, 134. 163, 167, 193, 264, 2S6v 386, 390, 393. 394. 397, 528. 530 Campbell Creek Limestone. . . .
Campbell Creek Sandstone.
Lower 103. 121, 254, 394
Campbell, J. M 616
Campbell, M. G 479, 516
Campbell, M. R
Candle-power of Gas 541-2
Cane Branch 38
Cannelton Coal & Coke Co. . . . 602
Cannelton Coal & Coke Co.: Fan-House Opening No. 1
Production 377
Cannelton Section 119-121. 221
104. 119. 121. 122. 125. 127. 131. 148, 151, 154, 1B6, 167, 239, 257-8, 259, 279, 281, 282. 283, 386, 623
Cardiff Coal Co. . .527, 528. 601, 602
Carlisle Section 189-190, 221
Carnif ex Ferry Section
Carver Bros
Index.
Cantle Coal
8S, 89, 107, 129, 140. 172. 174, 175.
Catskill Formation 97
Catskill Formation. Thickness
Catskill Red Beds. Oil and Gas
Sands of 338
Cavendish. L. F 665
<'odar Coal, Little
102, 114. 115. 117, 118, 120. 139. 147, 153. 156, 171, 173. 191, 246, 247. 248. M8.50, 251. 386. 390, 470. 485. 488-96, 493. 667, 928
Cedar Grove Coal, Lower. .103, 850
Odar Grove "Rider* Coal
Cedar Grove Sandstone. Lower
Cedar Grove Sandstone, Middle
Cedar Orove Sandstone, Upper 102, 114. 117, 133. 153. 156. 158. 173, 848.9, 288. 289. 394. 926. 927
Cedar Grove Section 118-19. 221
Chance, H. M 226
<!hange8, I Physiographic 32-37
Chapman Coal & Coke Co 711
Chapman Coal. Coke & Iron Co.
711-12. 875. 879. 881, 882. 886. 895 (^hapman, W. L., Opening (271)
Chapter I. — Historical and Industrial Development 1-31
Chapter II. — Physiography. . .32-85
Chapter III. — Structure 86-96
Chapter IV. — Stratigraphy — General and Special Sections
Chapter V. — St rat i graphy — Allegheny Series 224-229
Page.
Chapter VI. — StraUgraphy— Kanawha Group of Pottaville Series 230-293
(Chapter VII. — Stratigraphy— New 'River Group of Pottsville Series 294-323
L^hapter '\ail — Stratigraphy— l^ocahontas Group of Pottsville Series 323-331
Chapter IX, — Stratigraphy — Mauch Chunk Series. Mississippian 332-335
Chapter X. — Petroleum and Natural Oa^ 336-373
Chapter XI. — Coal and Coke. . 374-903
Chapter XII, — Clays. Road Material. Building Stone, Glass - Sand. Water - Power, and Forests 904-924
Charleston. Brick Plants 904
Charleston. MaxiAium River
Stages at c
CHiarleston. Minimum River
Stages at 7
Charleston. Rainfall at »
ChemunBT a-nd Portage Beas,
Oil and Gas Sands 338
Chemung Formation. Thickness 2J1.S
Cherry River, Indicated Horse- Power Developed by 91S
Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad. 9-13
C. & O. R. R. Levels:
Oauley Branch 932
Keeney Creek Branch 931
Laurel Creek Branch 930
Loup Creek Branch 930
Main Line 929-30
Paint Creek Branch 932
Powellton Branch 932
South Side Branch 931
Whiteoak Branch 931
Chilton "A*' Coal. .101. 141, 167, 948 Chilton Coal
a44-5, 246. 287. 288. 362. 375. 386.
Chilton "Rider" Coal 101
Chilton Sandstone. Lower
Chilton Sandstone. Upper
Christian Colliery Co.:
No. 1 Mine (81) . . .637-8, 874. 879 No. 2 Mine (62A)...605, 873, 878
Index.
Christian Colliery Co.: Page. • Xo. 3 Mine (336)
Production 377
Christian, Frank P 828
cnapperton, John 721
Clarion Coal 99. 228, 388, 238
Clarion Coal, Lower 238
Clarion Coal, Upper 238
Clark & Krebs 397, 533
Clay, Available 905-7
Clay, Fire 907
Clay, Residual 906
Clay, Transported 906-6
Clays 904-7
Clays, Road Material, etc.,
Well Records 341 A. 354-5
Clifftop Syncline 92-3, 858
Climate 29-31
Coal:
Alma "A" 251
BeckliBy (War Creek, Slab Fork, Winding: Gulf). .317, 897
Beckley "Rider"
Bens Creek 261
Black Band (Hernshaw) .. .246-7 Brownstown (Powellton) . . .
Buffalo Creek. . 240
253-4, 498-578, 867, 871-3, 883 Campbell Creek (No. 2 Gas, Peerless, Upper War It^agle, Warfleld, Frecburn, Burn-well)
Castle 305-6 *
Cedar 262
Cedar Grove, (Island Creek, Red Jacket, Upper Thacker) 249-250. 488-49:^, 867
Cedar Grove "Rider" 250
Chilton "A" 242
Chilton "Rider" 101
Clarion 229
Coalburgr 236-9. 474-80. 867
310-11. 676-795, 875-7. 884-92, 897 Dean-Fire Clay (of Kentucky) 245
Douglas "A" 273
Pagre.
Coal:
Eagrle "A" 269
Gilbert 271. 662-672, 867, 875
Gilbert "A" 270
Glenalum Tunnel
larger "A" 299
larger "B" 297
Keystone HI
Landgraff HI
Little Alma 262
Little Cedar 266
Little Coalburg 240
Little Eagle
Little Fire Creek 320-1, 877
Little Ra.leig1i "A" 315
Lower Campbell Ch*eek 255
Lower Clarion 238
Lower Douglas 276-8
Lower Freeport 99, 237
Lower larger 803
Lower War Eagle 2*6-7
Matewan 2S9
Ixdex.
No. 2 Ga« O^'ampbell Creek) ..2^2-4. 4»5-»7ll. 867. 871-3. 8&3
No. 1 Pocahontas 330
No. 2 I'ocanonias 330
No. 2 *'A** PocahoDtaa 330
No. 3 Pocafaofitajs
Zzif, 861-6. 867, 877
No. 3 "Kider"' Pocahoutas. 32ft->
No. 4 Pocahontas 328
No. S Pocahontaa 328
No. 6 Pocahontas
No, 7 Pocahontas 326
No. 8 Pocahontas 322
No. 0 Pocahontas 322
North Coal burs (Middle Kit-tannins) 226-7, 456-ei, 867
Pluto 336
Powellton "A" 256
Quakcrtown ...236. 237. 239. 263 Quinnimont (Fire Oeek) . . .
Sowell "A" 309
Sewell •«" 308-9
Sharon 239. 276
Simmons 111. 330
Squire Jim Ill
Tionesta 23<
Upper Clarion 238
Upper Kittannlny 225
Upper Kittannlng "Rider".. 99
'oal
Warfleld i Campbell Creek). 253-4. 498-67$. 871-3, 8>5
Welch 312-Si:
Williamson 246, Ub
Winifrede 241, 4S0-3, 8€:
Coal Analyses. Table 1 871-T
Coal Analyses, Table 3 ....883-894
Coal Analyses, Table 4 897
Coal Analyses. Tables 869-961
Coal, Available, by Districts. 867
Coal Beds. Minable 386
Coal Beds, Number of Mines
by 375
Coal. Minable
(See Minable Coal by Ms«isterial Districts) Coal Production of Fayette.
Coal River Oil Co... 341, 341A, 364
Coal Run 38
Coal Test Records 385-45S
Coal Test Records. Summarized.. 386. 388. 388A, 388B. 388C
Ctoal Valley Coal Co 22
Coal Valley Mining Co 623
Coalburgr C?oal
Coalburg- Coal, Little
Coalbursr Colliery Co. No. 1
Coalburg: Colliery Co. N'o. 2
Coalburg? Sandstone, Lower. . .
362 Coalburg Sandstone. Upper. . .
Series ' . . 455-469
Coals. Minable. Kanawha
Group 470-676
Index.
Paffe. Coals, Minable. New River
Group 676-849
Coals, Minable, Pocahontas
Group 849-866
Coals, Minable, Pottsville
Series 470-866
Cochran, Wm 764
C. O. G. Co 133. 341, 341A
Coke Analyses, Table 2 8<81
Coke and Coal Analyses,
Tables 869-903
Coke and Coal Production by
Coke and Coal Production
Statistics 374-385
Coke Ovens 384, 385
Coke Production by Companies (1916) 384
Coke Production by Counties
Coke Production by Years. ... 8«3 Coke Production, Order by
Coking: Tests:
Eagle Coal 634-5
Fire Creek Coal 806-8
No. 2 Gas Coal 645-7, 572-3
Sewell Coal 761-2. 776
Coklngr Tests, Cupola:
Fire Creek Coal 808-10
No. 2 Gas Coal 547-8
Sewell Coal 762-3
Cole, C. F 550
Cole, Henry, Opening (302)... 520 Cole, James, Opening (303A). 520-1 Coleman Heirs Core Test (33)
Coleman, Mason, Opening
Collins Colliery Co 26. 738
Collins Colliery Co., Production 377
309, 738-9. 876, 879, 881, 882, 888, 895, 897, 899 Collins Nos. 1, 2. 3 & 4 Mines,
Production 377
Columbia— 1.2 Miles S. 60* W.
Section 153-4, 221
Columbia No. 5 Mine, Production 378
Columbia Section 152, 221
Columbus Iron & Steel Co. . .
388. 388A. 390, 391, 392. 393, 396 Columbus Iron & Steel Co.:
Page.
Columbus Iron & Steel Co.:
504-6, 871. 878, 881, 882. 883, 896 No. 3 Core Test (2)..388A. 390-1* Production 377. 384
Columbus Pioducing Co 359
Concho Nos. 1 & 4 Mines, Production 379
Conditions, Present Forest.... 92"3
Conemaugh Series, Oil and Gas Sands of 337
Conklin & EJllsworth 41, 42, 66
Connoquenesslng Sandstone Stage 236
Connoquenesslng Sandstone,
Upper 238,239
Cook and Sons 684
Core Tests by Nos.:
8 and 9 888A, 389*
13A 388A. 3«9-400
36A 388A. 404
Index.
Core Tests by Nos.:
79A 89. 388B, 431-2
93A 388B
93B 388'B, 443. 444
93T> 388B. 443, 445-6
in 388, 388C. 443, 446-7
Page.
Core Tests by Nos.:
Core Tests, Detailed Records: Cabin Creek District (Kanawha) 389-90, 397-8
Falls District 389-395
Fayetteville District
Greenbrier County 176-7, 404
Kanawha District 396-401'
Mountain Cove District 401-3
Nuttall District 403-4
Sewell Mountain District 442-449 Shady Spring District (Raleigh) 449-455
Corliss — 1 Mile North Section 201, 221
Correlation, Revisions in. Kanawha Group, Mingo County 925-«
Cost of Electric Power S21-2
Cost of Various Types of
Roads »05
Cotton Hill Section 180. 221
Cottrell, Roa« «20
County Jail 296
Covington & Ohio Railroad... iO
Cox, Alf 638
Craft & Evans Pine Top Mine
Cranberry River, Indicated
Horse-Power Developed by. 9^^ Crawford. Mrs. W. H., Opening (444) ««9
Crawford. R. R 6«5
Craze, T. B., Opening (274)... 471 Craze, T. B.. Opening (277).. 476
Crescent Mine, Production 3u
Crescent Section 144-5, 221
Critchley, Jos. M., Opening
Crookshank, A. F., Openinir
Crookshank, E. S '
Crookshank. E. S.. Prospect
Crookshank, J. W.. Opening
Index.
Crookshank, Morris 820
Cunningham, Geo. A 343, 346
Cunningham, J. S
Cunningham, Thomas 502
Cupola Tests of Coke:
Eagle Coal 635
Fire Creek Coal 808-10
No. 2 Gas Coal 64 7-8, 673
Sewell Coal 762-3
Daily Gage Height:
Gauley River at Belva
Kanawha River at Montgomery 42
Meadow River at Russell-
New River at Fayette
River 3
Danese Section 89
Data Concerning Locks and
Dams in Kanawha River. . . 3
Data. Table of Stream 33-36
Davis and Fudge Core Test
Davis Branch 39
Davis, C. L 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74
Davis, Fudge et al. No. 1 Core
Davis, Fudge et al. No. 2 Core
Davis, Fudge et al. No. 3 Core
Davis Gordon Co 466
Davis, Harry P 8'12
Davis, L. L 68. 69
Days Navigation Suspended on
Kanawha River 4
Dean-Fire Clay Coal 246
Decota Sandstone
Deepwater Railway 13
Deepwater — % Mile North
Section 127-8. 221
Deepwater Section 149, 221
Deike. G. H 683. 690, 711
132 478 Deitz Coiliery Co. Mine (33)..'
Doitz Colliery Co., Production 377
Deitz Mine, Production 377
Deitz Section 143. 221
Pasre
Deitz, T. A....' 514. 515, 516
Deitz. Theodore 477
Dempsey, J. H 821
Dempsey, Lydia, Opening
Department of Mines. W. Va.
Depth of Oil and Gas Wells. .341A
Derryhale Mine, Production.. 378
Description, General 18-31
Description, G-eneral, Allegheny Series 224
Description of Folds 91-»5
Description of Members:
Allegheny Series 224-9
Kanawha Group 231-278
Mauch Chunk Series 332-5
New River Group 296-322
Pocahontas Group 324-331
Description of Oil-and Gas-
'Bearing Sands 338-340
Description of Species 289-292
Detailed Boring Records:
Falls District 3«9-395
Fayetteville District...
Kanawha District 395-401
Mountain Cove District 401-3
Nuttall District 408-4
Quinnimont District 449-455
Sewell Mountain EHstrict. .442-9
Detailed Structure 90-96
Development, Historical and
Development, Recent Oil and
Gas, In Kanawha County. 369-372 Devonian, Oil and Gas Sands
of 338
Devonian Period 97
Devonian Rocks, Thickness. .221-3 DeWitt Fuel Co. Mine (148). 731 DeWitt Fuel Co., Production.. 377
DeWitt Mine, Production 377
Diamond and Forest Hill Colliery Co 526
Diamond Mine. Production... 378 Dickinson. John Q., No. 1 Well
Dickinson. John Q., No. 2 Core
Dickinson, J. Q 388 A
Dilworth, J. B 830, 831
Dingcss Coal
9S8
Index.
Dingess Limestone
102, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118. 243, 246. 947-8» 249, 279. 281. 282, 283, 284, 285. 288, 289. 386. 926. 926, 927. 928 Dingress Sandstone. . .926, 927. 928 Dinsress Section. Minso County, Revised 926-7
Dingess Shale
d'lnvillicrs, E. V 830. 881
Discharge. iE>estimated Monthly, New River at Fayette. . .
Discharge Measurements:
Gauley River at Belva
Kanawha River, Leakage, at
Montgomery 42
Meadow River at Russellville
76. 77, 78, 80, 82, 83
New River at Fayette
Fossils 281-2
Divide Section 177-8, 221
Division Line Between Kanawha and New River
Groups, Correction 99-100
Dixon, Fred 726
Dixon, Samuel 726
Dogwood Creek 34, 39
Dogwood Ridge Section SS
Dooley, D. S 630
Dorothy Limestone and Shale.
105, 148. 171. aro, 280, 281. 2«2, 283. 284, 285
Dotson (Bearwallow Conglomerate) Sandstone
DotPon Sandstone, Lower
Douglas "A" Coal 106, 149, 273
Douglas Coal. Lower
Douglas. K. R 789. 790
Page.
Douglas Shale
Dowdy Creek 36, 39
Drainage Basins 37-83
Drainage Basins. Area 38-39
Drainage Basins. Area by IHs-
Dubree Mine, Production 379
Dunbar Oil & <aas Co
Dunbar. S. M 344
Dun Glen Mine. Production 378
Dunglen Coal Co. Sewell Ksiob
Dunloup Coal & C?oke Co. Mine
Dunloup Coal & Coke Co. Mine
Dunloup Creek 35, 39
Dunn Loup Coal & Coke Co..
Production 377
Dunn Loup Nos. 2, 3. 4. 5. & 6
Mines. Production 377
Durrett, J. R. 65. 56, 60
Dwyer. J. W 852
Bagle "A" Coal.. 104. 259, 627, Beagle By-Products Coal Co.
Eagle By-Products Coal Co.
No. 1 Mine (81A). 638-9, 874. Eagle Coal Co., Production... Eagle Coal Co., Straughan
Eagle Coal. Little
154, 1&5, 157, 159, 161. 162, 164, 165, 167, 173, 182. 183. 186. 188. 261. 208-3, 376, 386. 627. 628. 629. 646, 647-658, 874
Eagle Coal, Little. Roof Shale 280. 281. 282. 283.
Eagle Coal, Roof Shale
Eagle Limestone
87S
2S4
l^agle (Middle War EH«Ie. Mohawk) Coal
Ut
m
us
Irh
■If.I
1B4.
nR.
IBtl
1B1
U2
1fi3.
1M
Irk
ISfl
1!H
m
2B7
Urn
MOlI, 262, 2S3,
34H,
U1
:t<SH
S71
Snb
3!H
R»ft
asK.
bu;.
toll
i.4b.
B4»
Git,
613-647, ftG4. 656. 667, 867, 873-4
Eagle Mine. Production 377
Production 377
KaRlc "Rider" Coal 191, 398
Eagle Sandstone
9E, 63Z
Kagle Shale
8R. 89. lOG. 129. 130. 131, 138. 139, 141. 148, 148. 149, 151, 16&. 157, 164, 167, 171, ITS, 182. 183, 185. 186, 1S9, 191. 194. £37. 239, 260, 262. 2flS-6, 266. 268, 272, 280, 283, 284, 286. 350, 362, 641. 655 i-;arlv. B. H., No. 1 Well (81)
East Lynn Satidstone
S8, 99, 114. 115. 116. in. 118. US, 168, 226, 460, 467.
H, 14o
Power Developed by fl
Eccles Quadrangle. levels.,,. 9
Echo Coal & Coke Co 8
Echo Coal & Coke ito. Echo
Mine ..188. 1
Echo Mine, Production !
Eckmati Sandstone
Edgewater No. 2 Mine. Production J
Pace.
Edmonds, R. W
501, 602. 603, 606, 50T, 50S, 509, 610, 612, 622, E23, 624, 526. 629, 630, 657, 617. 618, 6S4. 686, 686. 688, BS3, 691. 692, 693. 694, 696, 697, 698, 700, 706. 707. 709, 711, 712. T14. 716, 717, 721, 731, 733, 734, 738. 739, 747, 748. 764, 767, 770. 772, 776, 7T8, 788. 810, 811, 817, 821, 822, 824. 825, 826, 828, 829. 831. 832. 833, 836. S3T Elghteenmlie Creek. Indicated Horse -Power Developed by 919
Electric Power. Cost 921-2
Electro Metallurgical Co 40
Electro Metallurgical Co., Kanawha Works 913^14
Blevations:
Alaska 929, 941
Albion 940
Aldrtch Camp 943
Anatad 932
Arthurs 934
Ballahaek 93l
Barksdale 929
Bedford 942
Bells Creek 932
Bellwood 934
Belmont 930
Belva 932. 939
Bentree 932
Beury 929. 946
Peurytown 933, 941
Beurytown arlne 938
Big Fork 936
Big Q 930
Big Sewell Houniain 946
Bishop 933
Black Cat 930
Boggs Knob 946
Brownwood 930
Burdette Creek 934
Bumwell 932
Cabin Creek Junction 930
Camp No. 1 946
Camp Seven' Switchback 933
Cannelton 933, 944
Caperton B29, 937
Cardiff 932
Carlisle 931
Carterboro 932
Cedar Grove 944
fentral 929
Claremont 929. B14
Claypool 933
Claypool Mine 983
Clear Creek 93T
Clifriop 934, 942, 946
Index.
Page. Klevations:
Coalburg 930
Coke Ovens 930
Consolidated 930
Cotton Hill 929, 938. 940
Crescent 930
Crown Hill 930
Cruikshanks Farm 934
Crusher Siding 934
Cunard 931
I>anese 942
Deepwater 930, 933, 944
Deitz 939. 940
Dempsey 940
Derryhalo 930, 935
Detroit 932
Dllly Siding 933
I>lnimock 929
Dothan 933
Dry Creek 934
Dunloup 930, 936
Dwyer 934
Elagle 930
East Bank 930
East Sewell 929
Bdgewater 930
Elmo 929. 938
Falls View 983, 938
Fayette 929, 937, 938
Fire Creek 929.945
Gamoca 938
Gauley 929, 932. 938
Gauley Bridge 933, 938
Gaymont 929
Gilkeson's Blacksmith Shop 342
Glade 929. 944
Glen Ferris 933, 938
Glen Jean 930. 935, 936
Graham 935
Greencastle »32
Greendale 932
Greon Siding 934
Griffith Siding 934
Hamilton 933
Ifandley 930
Hansford 930
Harcwood 933. 938, 944
Harvev 930, 936
Hawks Nest... 929, 931, 932, 938
Hawley 933
Hawloy Mine Siding 933
Hemlock iHollow 930
Herborton 933
Hickory Camp 932
Hico »39
Hinton 929
Honoydew 934
If UKhoston 944
Imporlal Junction 932
Junction 934
K. & M. Junction 932
Kanawha Falls 930, 938. 941
Kofmey Creek 929. 931, 937
Klevaticvns:
Kilsyth '«
Kineaid «:
Landisburg 9J4. 5<-
Laurel ""
Lick Knob ?*«
London S33. »n
Macdonald 95®. 95:
MacI3ougal 92'. »:'
Meadow C*reek 929, 9JS, »<'
Meadow Creek Switchback. S33
Meadow Bridge 933. ?J;
Meadow Bridge Mine »-
Michigan •;:
Millers Ferry '*;'
Mitiden 'f!
M J Cabin JjJ
Montgomery ' '
Morton * * ,':
Mt. Carbon 930.?-
Mt. Lookout ;*-!
Mucklow '.I
McKendree 929. »JJ
Nallen A.
Nay lor Switchback • • "•
Newlyn 929.9-;
Nuckolls • • ■ 0,-
Nuttallburg 93..'*
Oak Hill :'
Old Gauley 'Ar
O'Neal ;:.
Oswald Qji
Packs Branch • • ' 'u\ :
PQ,gQ 935. • •;
Page Triatigulation Station 9 "^ Paint Creek Junction. . .'/i'- ' J: Paint Trlangulation Station -^^^ Parral -V"' it: '
Potato Hill ijj.
Powell ton 935
P'-Jce-Hill oM 987 M<
Rainelle Junction
Index.
Rlevaticns:
Ramsey 940
Red Ash 9«1
Redstar 930
Riverside 944, 945, 946
Robins . * 930
Robson 933. 941, 943, 944
Rush Run 929, 931, 946
Russellville * 934, 945
St. Clair 930
Sandstone 929
Scale Yard 932
Scarbro 931
Sevy 934
Sewell 929. 937. 942. 945
Shrewsbury 944
Silver Gap 983
Sims 934, 943
Smithers 933, 944
South Fayette 931
South Side Junction 930
Springrdale 934, 941. 942. 943
Stanaford : 937
Standard 932
Stonecliff 929. 946
Stuart 931
Sturgeon Branch 943
Sugar Creek Junction 936
Summerlee 931
Sun 930. 936
Sunnyside 929. 938
Sunset 936
Surbaugh 934
Tamroy 936
Teays Siding 934
Thayer 929, 944
Thomas 936
Thurmond. 929, 930, 931, 936, 945
Tina 9«3, 941
Tomsburg 932
Town Creek Knob 946
Tunnel Siding 936
Turkey Knob 930, 935
Vanetta 938
Vaughan 932
Wacomah 932
Whipple Junction 931
Whiteoak Junction 930, 981
Whitney 931
Wilt Siding... .; 934
Witigrove 931
Wriston 940. 943
Wyndal 938.939
X N Cabin 929
Youngs 934
Elevations
Elevations 929-946
Elevations, Railroad 929-935
Elevations. V. S. Geological Survey 936-946
Elk Ridero Xo. 1 Mine (60)... 154. 155. 601-2. 873. 878. 897. 808
Elkrldge Nos. 1 and 2 Mines,
Production 378
Elk Ridge Section 165. 221
Elk River. Selected Reservoir
Site 320
Elliott. Stephen 74
Ellsworth. C. B 41. 42, 66
Elmo Mine l*roduction 877
Elmo Mining Co. Elmo Mine
Elmo Mining Co. l*roductIon, 377
Elswick. J. W 611
Elverton Mine, Production... 384 Enrollment, Preparatory Branch. W. Va. University.. 23
Ephraim Creek 35, 38
Ephralm Oeek Coal & Coke
Co., Production 377
Ephraims Creek Coal & Coke Co., Ephraims Creek (Buffalo) Mine (203)
Brskine Mine (189).. 810. 877, 879 Brsklne No. 2 Mine, Production 379 Estep. Philip, Opening (303B) 621 Estimated Monthly Discharge of New River at Fayette.., '
Eureka Coal Co 467
Eureka Coal Co. Mine No. 1
Eureka Coal Co. Mine No. 2
Eureka Coal Co. Mine No. 6
Eureka Coal Co., Mine No. 6
Eureka Coal Co. Mine No. 14
Eureka Colliery Co 466
Evans Bros 627
Evans. W. H 172. 402. 410
Ewlng. Jasper 831
Export Coal Co., Export Mine
Extraction Analyses. Briquets:
Fire Creek Coal 844
Sewell Coal
70r,. 717. 72 4. 737. 767
Fall. Rate and Total, of
Streams 33-36
Fallrock Branch 39
Falls Creek 34. 38
Index.
Page. Falls District:
Area 19
Bonds Voted for Roads. ... 16 Detailed Boring Records. 3 89-3 96 Drainage Basins, Area of.. 37-38
Minablc Coals
Population 19
Prospective Oil a«d Gas
Areas 348-9
Road Mileage 16
Sections 113-143
Stratified Shales 906
Well Records 341A. 342-8
Faults, Absence of 96
Fauna. Fossil 279-293
Fayette Coal & Coke Co., Fayette Mine (108) 687
Fayette County National Bank
Building 296
Fayette Gaging Station, Description 44, 46-7
Fayette Gaging Station on
New River, Records 44-66
Fayette Journal
Fayette Mine, Production 377
Fayette Smokeless Coal Co.,
Production 377
Fayettevllle District:
Area 19
Bonds Voted for Roads. . . 16 Detailed Boring Records. . .
Drainage Basins. Area of.. 37-38
Lower Douglas Coal 278
Minable Coals
Oil and Gas Prospects 373
Populatioti 1*9
Road Mileage 16
Sections 180-195
Stratified Shales 906-7
Fayetteville Land Co... 388. 3881B Fayetteville — 1.5 Miles North-
. west Section 183-4. 222
Fayetteville Quadrangle, Levels 937-41. 946
Features. Topographic 84-85
Fern Creek 35. 38
Ferro-Chromium 913
Figure 1. — Showing Progress of Topographic and Detailed County Surveys xx
Figure 2. — Showing Location of Fayette County Area... xx
Figure 2(a). — Map Show'ner Location of Bore Holes of Low Moor Iron Co., of Va. . .xxv
Page.
Figure 3. — Showing Approximate Intervals in Feet Between Coal Seams and Important Limestones in Allegheny Series and Kanawha Group of Pottsvillfe 386
Figure 4. — Showing Approximate Intervals in Feet Between CoAs of New River and Pocahontas Groups.... 3S7
Figure 5. — Showing Minable Middle Kittanning Coal 45T
Figure 6. — Showing Minable No. 5 Block Coal 46i
Figure 7. — Showitig Minable Stockton Coal i't
Figure 8. — Showing Minable Coalb«rg Coal 4"i
Figure 9. — Showing Minable Winifrede Coal «2
Figure 10. — Showing Minable Chilton Coal 488
Figure 11. — Showing Minable Cedar Grove Coal *89
Figure 12. — Showing Minable Alma Coal ^*<
Figure 13. — Showing Minabl** Campbell Creek Coal ^^^
Figure 14. — Showing Minable Powellton Coal 580
Figure 15. — Showing Minable Eagle Coal 815
Figure 16. — Showing Minable Little Eaglo Coal ***
Figure 17. — Showing Minable Glenalum Tunnel Coal ^^^
Figure 18. — Showing Minable Gilbert Coal ^^^
Figure 19. — Showing Minable Douglas Coal ^'^
Figure 20. — Showing Minable Sewell Coal ^''^
Figure 22. — Showing Minable No. 6 Pocahontas Coal »5l
Figure 23. — Showing Minable No. 3 Pocahcmtas Coal ^7
Fire Creek ". 3ff
Fire Creek Coal ft Coke Cb.
Production 877.3"
Fire Oeek Coal ft Coke Co..
Firo Creek Coal. Little
SO 109. 169. 177. 196. 201, -*'«■ 208. 209. 218. 320-1, 387. 38^^. 38SC. 416. 417. 431. 447. 452. <w. 877
Flr« Creek (Quinnlmont, Lower Beckley) Coal
88, 89, 109. 1«9, 177, 182, IS*. 1»S, 199, ZOO, 201, £03, 204, ZOS, SOfi, 20T. 208, 209, 211, 212, £13, 294. 318, 319.flO, 321, 350. 363, 375. 387, 38SA, 388B, 38BC. 4'14. US. 416, 417. 418. 421, 424. 430. 131, 434. 446. 447. 448. 450, 4G1, 4B2. 463, 454, 4£5. 67S, 717, 729, 796.849, am, 877, 893.4, B97, 913, xxvll, xxlx. XXX Fire Creek Collieries Co., Penn-
Fire Creek Mine, Production..
Firet Salt 3and 3G0, 366, 34'
Fisher, C. A 886, 71B, 833
Flattop Mountain Sandstone, 109, 177, 197. 199. 294, 322, 323. 384.6, ixvll, xuli, xixl Fleshtnan, Anderson M,..864, 8G7 Flinn Lumber Co. Opening
Flora. FoHSll 279
Folds. DeBcriptlon of 91-95
Forbes, E 233, 46T
Forest Conditions, present... 9S3
Forests -922-4
Forests, OrlglnBl 922
Formation 19-19
Fort Defiance Coal & Coke Co..
Fort Defiance Coai & Coke Co.,
Production 377
Fort Defiance Mine, Production 377
FossH Fauna 279-298
Poasll Flora 279
Fosall Horizons, Marine. Table
of 279-280
Fobs 1 1 9, Invertebrate, from
Pottsville Series 281-2
Fossils, Range and Distribution SS1.2
FosBiis, Wlnlfrede Limestone.
l-lBt of Species 293
Foundry Tests of Coke:
Fire Creek Coal 808-10
No. 3 Gas Coal 647-8. B73
Sewell Coal 782-S
Fox. Chan. D 867
orge..
..S5», 860
Frccburn Coal. .
Freeport Coal, Lower 99, 237
Preeport Coal, Upper 98, 237
Freeport "Kldnpy" Iron Ore.
Lower 99
Freeport "Kidney" Iron Ore,
(i"reeport Limestone, Upper.. 98, 287
Freeport Sandstone, Lower...
Freeport Sand.'ilone, Upper. . . 99
Freudenberger, Wm 341A
Froehling & Robertson 539
Fusing Tests of Ash.. 481, 663. 664
Gage Meiglit, Daily:
Gauley River at Belva
New River at Fayette
45, 46. 47, 48. 49. 61. 52, 64, 66. 57, 59. 60. 61-66 Gaging Station, Description:
Gauley River at Beiva 88
Kanawha River 40-41
Meadow River at Ru.isellvnle
..76. 78. 79-80. 81, 82, 83 New River. Fayette Station
Gallego Land Co 388, S8SA
Gallego Land Co. No. 1 Coal
Qamoca Coal Co 478. 616
Oemoea Section 130-1. 222
Gas and Oil Horizons In W.
Va. 386-8
Gas and Oil Zones In W. Va.,
Table 387-8
Gaa-Bearlng Sands, Description 338-340
Gas Development In Kanawha
County. Recent 3B9-S7S
Gasten, C.
Gauge Reading. ,. ,
Kanawha River, by Months Gniige Reading. Average, of
Kanawha River, by Tears.. .
Index.
Page.
Gauley Branch, C. & O. R. R. 11
Gauley Branch, C. & O. R. R. Levels ' 932
Gauley Bridge — 1 Mile Southeast Section 128-9, 222
Gauley Coal & L^nd Co., Diggings (546 and 646) 820
Gauley Mountain Coal Co.,
Grauley Mountain Coal Co.: Bucl< Run No. 1 Mine (34). .
Bud Blake, Lessee, Mine
J. A. Blake, Lessee. Mine
Production 377, 384
Gauley River 34, 37, 39
Gauley River at Bclva, Gaging Records 68-75
Gauley River at Belva, Discharge Measurements
Gauley River, Description. . . .
Gauley River, Indicated Horse- Power Developed by 917
Gauley River. Selected Reservoir Site 920
Gauley River Tributaries, Indicated Horse-Power Developed by 918
Gaymont Cpal Co.. Production 377
Gaymont Mine. Production... 377
Gellatty. J. X 524
General Account:
Kanawha Group 230-1
New River Group 294-5
I'ocahontas Group 323-4
General Do.scriptron 18-31
General Description, Allegheny Series. 224
General Description. Mauch Chunk Serie.s 332-5
General Section:
Allegheny Series 98-9»
Kanawha Group 100-6
Mauch Chunk Series 113
New River Group 106-S
Pocahontas Group 109-11
Pottsville Series 100-11
Pottsville Series. Revised
Geological Society of America
Gilbert "A" Coal 105, 194, 870
Gilbert Coal
Turnpike 18
Gilkeson. James 848. 856
Gill, Walter 528
Gilpin, Mrs 786
Glade Creek I>and Co:
Pro.spects (555 and 566)... 831 Glade Creek of Meadow River
Glade Creek of New River.. 35. 38
Glass-Sand 91 1-lS
Glass-Swnd. .Vnalyses 912
Gla.ss-Sand Quarries. . .314. 911-12 Glenalum Tunnel Coal
Glendale Colliery Co. Old Drift (212) 835
bit. 871, 878
Glen FerrtB, Water - Power
Development 911-14
Olen Jean, DeBcrlptlon S6
Oooselrey. Samuel «92
Gordon Coal & Coke Co E21
Gordon Sand 338, 3S3, tbS
Grampus Sand 8*2
Grandv lew— Royal Section. . .
Grapevine Sandstone. . .105. 96&A
Gravel, River and Creek 908
Great Kanawha Colliery Co.:
Great Kanawha River 2-9
Oreen Structure Contours. . .
Green Sulphur District (Summers) Well Records. 341A. 356-8 Green Sulphur Oil & Gas Co. .
Green, Tliomfta SOS. MS
(JreCTi brier Coal Co.. Greenbrier Mine (368)
Greenbrier County Detailed
Core Test 178-7, 404
Greenbrier County Section... 218
Greenbrier Independent 10
Greenbrier L,imestane
113, 123, 126, 160, 332, 333. 336, S37. 33>, 373. 908 Greenbrier Limestone, Oil and
Oas Zones 337
Greenbrier Limestone, Thickness 221-3
Greenbrier River. Selected
Reservoir Bites 920
Greenwood Coal Co.:
rroducdon 37T
Greenwood Mhie, Production. 377
Grimaley. G. P 904
Orislngcr, J. C 614
Grove. J. W 618
Grover, N. C 66
Guyandot Sandstone
88 89. 107. 128, 129, IH. 187. 168. 172. 17<. 176, 176. 178, ITS, 180,
Uuyandot Sandstone
181, 184, 187. 196, 196, 300, 201. 204, 30G, 307, 314, 344, 145, 360, 353, 364, 3«6. 366, 367, 369, 370, 371, 396, 399, 403. 405, lOu, 408, 409. 411, 418. 419. 420, 422, 428, 424. 425, 426. 427. 428, 429, 132, 433, 43G. 436, 417, 442, 443, 444. 445. 738, 7T0. 910, xjcvl. xivlli, xxxl, xxxil
Guyandot Sandstone, Lower.. 108. 143, 168, 175, 176, 178, 179, 300-10^ 405, 409, 410, 411, 414, 415, 418, 422, 423, 426. 427, 423. 432. 435. 437, 439, 441, 442. 446, 681, 910, xxvl. xxvii, xxvlU, ixxl,
Gwlnn, H. L., Prospect (268). 318 Gwinn No. 1 Well (t7B) 341A. 3B7-S
Gwtnn, Ottaway 313
Hacketts Coal Co. Mine.. 117, 118 Haga-n. A. M
671, S76. 782. 796, 849, 860. 866
Hall, W. F 203. 862
Halstead, Squire 138. 680
HalHtead, Squire. Opening
Hamilton. W. T.. Opening
Handley Syncllne 360,364
Hansford. Morris 186
tiona 286-9
. .509, 871. K78, 881. 882. S9T, 899 Harewood— U Mite Northweat
Harr
T. C.
Harrah. c. C
Harrah. C. C, Opening (399) , , 660 Harrah, C. C. Opening (427). 6«S Harrali, Lawrence. Opening
Hart, J. W 813
Hartrldge Black Shale
xxvili, xxxi. xxxll Harvey Coal & Coke Co.:
Production
Index.
Page. Harvey Conglomerate Sandstone
xxvili. xxxi, xxxii Hatfield Turniel Coal
Hawkins Land Co
Hawkins Land Co.:
Hawks Nest — Ansted Section.
Hawks Nest Branch. C. & O.
R. R., levels 932
Hawley. E. L 823
Hawver, Geo 388A, 669
Hawver, Geo., Water Well
Hawver, Wm. E., Openings
Haynes, J. B 201
Hazelwood, A. M 645
Hazlewood, A. J
Heating Value of Gas 541
Hedricks Creek 39
Hemlock Hollow Coal & Coke Co.:
Production 378
Hennen. Ray V
Henr>, C. J 63, 64, 66
Page- Henry, Earl A 375
Herbert Collieries Co 644
Herbert Collieries Co. — Mine
Section 88. 89, 193-6. 222
Herndon, W. L 788
Hess. J. H 680
Hickory Camp Section 88
Highways 16-18
Hill and Long Mine (367)... €21 Hill-Long No. 1 Well (6A) . . .
Hill, Major. Estate, Opening
Hill Top, Description 26-26
Hindson Coal Co.. Production 378 Hinton Limestone. Upper.... 336 Hinton Quadrangle. Levels... 946 Historical and Industrial Development (Chapter I) 1-81
History and Physiography
History of W. Va.. Semi-Centennial
9. 16. 916
Hite, B. H
Hoke, N. B 701
Holiday Coal & Coke Co 689
Sandstone
Index.
Page. Hominy Creek, Indicated Horse-Power Developed by 918
Honey Branch 38
Horizons, Oil and Gas, in W.
Va 336-8
Horizons, Table of Marine
Fossil 279-280
Horse-Power, Indicated, Developed by:
Gauley River 9'17
Gauley River Tributaries. . 918
New-Kanawha River 916
New-Kanawha River, Minor
Tributaries 919
Horseshoe Creek 34, 39
Horseshoe Creek, Mouth of.
Section 137, 222
Horton, A. H
Hotchkiss 329
House Branch of Bells Creek
Section 136-7, 222
Howard Colliery Co., Frederick Mine 286, 287
Hoyt, W. G 59, 76
Hubard, R. T., Jr 417
Huddleston, E. E 829
Hughes Ferry (larger) Coal. 88, 89, 107, 129, 143, 159, 168, 172, 177, 181, 203, 276, 297, 298. 299, 299.303, 304, 344. 352, 353. 354, 366, 367. 387, 388A, 388fB, 396. 397, 399, 4(|2, 405, 407, 408, 409, 411, 414, 417. 419, 420, 425, 426, 427. 428, 432, 436, 441, 680, 876
Huling et al 388C
Huling et al. Core Tests:
Huling, Jas. H., Prospect
Humbert, F. U xxiv
Humphreys, D. C
Huntington, A. D., Wells:
Huntington. Collis P 10
Hurley, J. E 355
Hurt. W. M 839
Page.
Hydro-Electric Power Commission 921
larger "A" Coal 107, 299, 302
larger "B" Coal
160. 295, 297, 387. 400, 401, 402, 409, 426, 439 larger (Hughes Ferry) Coal. . 88, 89, 107, 129, 143, 159, 168, 172, 177, 181, 203. 276, 297, 298, 299, 299-303, 304, 344. 352, 353, 354. 366, 367, 387, 388A, 388B, 396, 397. 399, 402, 405, 407, 408, 409, 411, 414, 417, 419, 420, 425, 426, 427, 428, 432. 436, 441, 680, 876
larger Coal, Lower
107, 181, 134, 187. 299, 303, 304, 3»7, 404, 406, 410. 422. 426. 426. 439, xxvi, xxviii, xxxi, xxxii larger Sandstone, Lower. . . .
larger Sandstone. Middle
88, 89, 107. 129, 130, 137, 138. 140, 142, 159. 165. 167. 172. 174. 175, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181. 184, 187, 192, 1»5, 274, 278, 295. 297-9, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 345. 347, 350, 352, 353, 354. 362, 365. 366. 367, 369, 370, 371, 396, 397, 398, S99. 400, 402. 404. 405, 406, 407. 408, 409, 410. 411. 412, 417, 419. 420. 421. 422. 425, 426, 427. 428, 429. 432. 435. 436. 438, 439, 441, 6«0. 906. 910, 911. 913. xxiv, xxvi, xxviii, xxxi. xxxii larger Shale. Lower. . .107. 304. 907
larger Shale. Upper
Illuminating-Gas Tests 539-543
Imperial Coal Co. No. 11
Indian Creek, Indicated Horse- Power Developed by 919
101. 120, 190, 192, 243-4, 279. 281, 282. 283. 284, 285. 286-293, 386 Indicated Horse-Power Developed by:
Gauley River 917
Gauley River Tributaries.. 918
New-Kanawha River 916
New-Kanawha River. Minor
Tributaries giD-
Industrial and Historical Development (Chapter I) 1-31
Industries and Towns 21-2>
Index.
Page.
Industry. Lumber 922-3
Intervals Above and Below
No. 2 Gas Coal 88
Intervals Above and Below
Sewell Coal 89
Intervals Between Coal Seams,
Allegheny and Kanawha. . . 386 Intervals Between Coal Seams,
New River and l»ocahontas. 387 Introduction (Chapter IV) . . .97-98 Invertebrate Fossils from
Pottsville Series, List of.. 281-2 Iron Ore. Lower Freeport
"Kidney" »9
Iron Ore, Upper Freeport
Island Creek Coal
Items, Miscellaneous 18-20
Jacks Branch Oil & Gas Co . . .
Jackson, H, J 41. 59, 61, 63, 69
Jackson, J. M 144
James River & Kanawha
Turnpike 16-18
Jarrett Branch 38
Jeffers, Thos. E 3, 4
Well Records 341 A. 842-6
Jenkins. A. J 502
Jenkins. Lee 601
Jenkins, Noah, (Beckley) Coal 813 Johnson Fork. Head of, Section 163. 222
Johnson, Frank. Mine 141
Johnson, W. R.. Coal Co.:
Production 379
Johnson, W. R., Crescent Mine
Johnson, W. R.. Oescent Mine
Johnson, W. R., No. 1 Mine
Jones. A. R 770
.Tones Brothers 734
Jones, C. H 777
.Tones, Geo. W 734
Jones. H. D 506, 508, 618. 847
Jones, J. C... 828
Page. Jones Nos. 2 and 3 Mines,
Production 379
Jordon-Amick, John, Core
Journal of Association of £n-
Kanawha & 'Hocking Coal & Coke Co.:
Kanawha & Michigan R. R.. . . 13 Kanawha & Michigan R. R:
Kanawha Black Flint
Kanawha County:
Recent Oil and Gas Development
369-3'2
Sections 114, 116, 118. 11»
Well Records 341 A, 369-3 <-
Kanawha County Report
Kanawha District:
Area
19
Detailed Boring Records.. * 395-401
Drainage Basins. Area JJ""
Xiower Douglas Coal * ' '"
Minable Coals . .
Population *
Prospective Oil and Oaa
Areas
Road Mileage • JJ
Well Records 341 A. 360-ft
Index.
Page.
Kanawha Falls (30') Quadrangle, Levels 937-41, 943-4
Kanawha Falls Section Hh
Kanawha-Gauley Coal % Coke
Kanawha, Olcn Jean & East-em R. R 16
Kanawha, Olen Jean & Eastern R. R.:
Main Line, Levels 936
Sugar Creek Branch, Levels 936
Kanawha Group 97
Kanawha Group:
Age 279-293
Chapter VI 230-293
Correction in Division Line Between New River
Group 99-100
Description of Members...
General Section 100-106
Minable Coals 470-676
Revision in Correlation,
Mingo County 926-8
Table of Marine Fossil
Thickness 221-3
Kanawha-Xew River, Indicated Horse-Power Developed
by 917
Kanawha-New River, Indicated Horse-Power Developed by Minor Tributaries of... 919 Kanawha Rail & River Coal Cow:
Production 378
Kanawha River 33, 37, 38
Kanawha River:
At Lock No. 2, Montgomery
Average Gauge Reading by
Average Gauge Readings by
Years 9
Basin, Selected Reservoir
Sites 920
Days Navigation Suspended. 4
Description 2-9, 39-42
Locks and Dams 3
Maximum Stages 6
Minimum Stages 7
Kates Creek 39
Kay Moor No. 1 Mine, Production 378, 384
Page. Kecfer Coal Land Co
Keefer Coal Land Co.:
No. 3 Core Test (32), .388A, 408 Keeferton — i^ Mile West Section 164-5, 222
Keenan, Peter. Mine 141
Keener Sand
Keeney Creek 36, 38
Keeney Creek Branch. C. & O.
R. R 12
Keeney Creek Branch C. & O.
R. R.. Levels J»'3l
Keeneys Creek Colliery Co...
Keeneys Creek Colliery Co.:
Lower Boone Mine (116) .. . 692-3. 875. 879, 885. 895
Production 378
Kelly, W. S 644
Kent, M. E 768
Kentucky Geological Survey. . 245
Key-Rocks 86-87
Keystone Coal Ill
Keystone Coal Co 388A
Keystone Coal Co. Core Test
Keystone Coal Co. No. 1 Well
Keystone Sandstone Ill
Kidd, Lewis. Coal Opening
Kil bourne & Jacobs:
Kilsyth Nos. 1 and 2 Mines,
Kilsyth Nos. 1 and 2 Mines. Production 378
Kimberly No. 3 Mine, Production 378
Kimberly Section 150-1. 222
Index.
Kincaid, P *02
Kingston — 1.7 Miles West Section 165. 222
Kingston Section. . .88, 166-9, 222 Klttanning (No. 5 Block) Coal.
Lower
88. 99, 114, 115, 116. 117. 118. 119, 124, 135. 144. 146, 147, 162. 158. 166. 170. 226. 227. 228^, 232. 234. 375. 386, 45b. 458. 460. 461^, 867. 871 Klttanning (North Coalburg)
Coal, Middle
Klttanning Coal. Upper
88. 99. 136. 144. 146. 225, 226. 227, 238. 386. 459 Klttanning Limestone. Lower 238
Klttanning Sandstone 99, 229
Klttanning Sandstone. Lower 238
Konrad. Philip 396. 632
Krak. J. B
264. 301. 30«. 820, 322, 617, 518, 549, 550, 562. 556, 605. 606, 607. 608, 609. 620. 638, 639. 640. 641. 642. 649. 651. &69, 661. 668. 669, 679, 681, 703. 704, 782. 786. 787. 791. 814. 862. 868, 860, 866, 869. 9-12
Krebs, C. E
2, 15, 91. 113, 115, 116. 133, 162, 166, 182, 185. 192. 227, 24:J. 1*49, 251, 264. 265, 261, 270. 316, 326, 335, 340, 344, 347. 348. 366, 369, 389. 397, 398, 399, 400, 403, 404. 406, 407. 408. 409. 411, 443, 444, 446. 533. 634, 636, 536, 537. 548, 649, 662, 654. 606. 636. 638, 659, 661, 668, 669, 679, 680, 781, 782, 814. 828. 829. 830, 831, 904, 926 Krebs. G. R 829, 830. 831
"L" 341
Lack of Test Wells in Nuttall. Sewell Mountain and Quln-
Lackawanna Coal & Lumber
Co 341, 341 A, 342, 843
Lackawanna Coal & Lumber Co.:
Page.
Laing, John B 555
Laing, Thos 612
Laing, T. K 655
Lancaster. Geo. T 913
Landgraff Coal TH
Landgraff Sandstone Ill
Lathrop, W. A 328, 329. SSO
Laura Mine 378, 737-8. 888, 895
Laura Mining Co., Laura Mine
Laura Mining Co.. Production 37 S Laurel Branch of New River 38 Laurel Creek Branch. C. & O.
R. R 12
Laurel Creek Branch. C. & O.
R. R.. Levels 930
Laurel Creek Coal Co. Mine
Laurel Creek Coal Co., Production 878
Laurel Creek Land Co 840
Laurel Creek of Gtauley River
Laurel Creek of Meadow River
Laurel Creek of New River. .
Laurel Mine, Production 378
Lawton — % Mile Southwest
Section 89, 213, 222
Lawton Syncline 93-4, 358
Layland Nos. 1. 2, 3, and 4
Mines, Production 378
Lee Branch 38
Length of Streams 83-86
Lesley. J. P 226, 228
Levels Above Mean Tide (Appendix "B") 929-946
Levels, Railroad 929-935
Levels, U. S. Geological Survey 936-946
Levels:
Beckley Quadrangle 936-7
Bccles Quadrangle 937
F9,yetteville Quadrangle. . .
Hinton (30') Quadrangle. . . 946 Kanawha Falls (30') Quadrangle 937-41, 943-4
Meadow Creek Quadrangle.. 941-3 Montgomery Quadrangle. .943-4 Raleigh (30') Quadrangle..
Winona Quadrangle 945-6
Index.
Lick Branch Mine, Production 379 Light. Henry, No. 6 Core Test
Limestone
Limestone:
Brush Creek • • • J»«
Buffalo Creek 240. 286-m
Campbell Creek .252
Dorothy • 2J0
Lower Kittanning 238
Lower Mercer 233, 235
Oceana *68
Seth 2*®
Terry
Upper Freeport 98, 237
Upper Hinton 335
Vanport 238
Lingula lemniscata Price 289
List of Invertebrate Fossils
from Pottsville Series 281-2
List of Species 292-3
Little Alma Coal 103, 969
Little Cedar Coal
Little Coalburg Coal
Little Blagle Coal
88, 104. 121, 122, 127, 134, 138, 139. 143. 148, 149, 150. 151. 152, 154, 155. 157. 159, 161, 162. 1««, 1&4, lft5. 167. 173. 182. 183. 186, 186, 188, 261. 969^, 375. 386. 470. 627. 628. 629. 646. 647-68, 867, 874
Little Eagle Coal, Roof Shale 280. 281, 282, 283. 285
Little Fire Creek Coal
89, 109, 169. 177. 196, 201, 204, 208. 209. 218. 380-1, 887, 388A, 388C, 416, 417. 431. ^il, 452, 456, 877
Little Fire Creek Coal & Coke Co 823
Little Lime
Little Raleigh "A" Coal
88.%9.* i()V.'l6V.*i72.'i76. 18*2. 201, 205, 217, 313, 316-16, 352. 370, 387, 396, 397. 400. 413, 415, 416, 421, 424, 428, 429. 434. 440. 444. 447. 452. 454, 455, 679, xxvii. xxxi ^ Lively, H. S., Core Test (5iA) 388B, 404
Lively — 1 Mile Northeast Section »»• -^20
Localities. Register of 283-5
Location of Coal Mines
Location of Sandstone Quarries Ill
Lochgelly Mine. Production.. 379 Lochgelly (Stuart Shaft) Mine
Lock No. 2, Gaging Records.. 40-42 Locks and Dams in Kanawha
River 3
Logan-Mingo Report
235, 240, 242. 243. 244. 245, 247, 249, 260, 251, 252, 254, 256, 259, 260, 261, 262. 265. 266, 267. 271, 288, 926. 926, 927, 928 Longacre Mine No. 114 (26)..
190. Iw. 192. 5«2-4, 873. 878. 897, 899
Production 378
Long Branch No. 2 Mine, Production 378
Longdale Iron Co 788
Longdate Iron Co.. Sewell
Lookout Coal & Coke Co.:
Production 378
Loop CTreek 34. 38
Loop Creek Estate Openings
Louisa Railroad 10
Loup Creek Branch, C. & O.
R. R 12
R. R.. Levels 930
Loup Creek Colliery Co
TjOut) Creek Colliery Co.: Beards Fork Mine (51A).. 537. 872. 878
Index-
Page.
J>.oup Creek Colliery Co.: Core Test No. 1 (13)
Page Mine No. 7 Opening
Production 378. 384
Prospects (328 and 329) . . . 537 Prospects (tf30. 331. 332. and
I^up Creek No. 2 Mine. Production 378. 384
Low Moor Iron Co.. of Va....
Lk>w Moor Iron Co. of Va.:
Bore Hole No. 1 xxiv-xxvi
Bore Wole No. 2 xxvl-xxvil
Bore Hole No. 3 xxvii-xxx
Bore Hole No. 4 xxx-xxxii
Bore Hole No. 5 xxxii
Bore Holes xxv
Pinetop Entry of No. 2 Mine
Production 378. 384
Records of 'Bore Holes
xxiv-xxxii
Low Moor No. 2 Mine (129) 706-7, 875. 879, 881. S82. 885-6. 895 Low Moor No. 2 Mine (IMfietop 'Ehitry) (471) 707
T-ower Beckley Coal
Lower Campbell Creek 0>al . .
630 Lower Campbell Creek Sandstone 103. 121. 254, 394
J^wer Cedar Grove (3:oal..l03. S80 Lower Cedar Grove Sandstone
Lower Chilton Sandstone
Lower Clarion Coal 238
Lower Coalburg Sandstone. . .
Lower Freeport Coal 99. 237
Lower Freeport "Kidney" Iron
Ore 99
Lower Freeport Sandstone . . .
Lower Gilbert Sandstone
Lower Guya<ndot Sandstone..
305-lOp 405. 409. 410. 411. 414.
681. 910, xxvi, xxvii, xxvlll. xxxi,
xxxii Lower larger Coal . ."
Lower larger Shale. . .107. 904, 907
Lower Kittanning Limestone. 23S Ix)wer Kittanning Sandstone. 238
Lower Mercer Coal
Lower Mercer Limestone. 233. 185 Ix>wer Monitor Sandstone. 103.
Index.
Page. Lower Nuttall Sandstone
192, 195, 274. 278. 295, 297-9, 300, SO^l. 302. 303, 304, 305, 345, 347, 350. 352, 353. 354, 362, 365. 3&6, 367, 369, 370. 371. 396, 397. 398, 399, 400. 402, 404, 405. 406, 407. 408, 409, 410, 411. 412, 417. 419. 420, 421, 422, 425, 426, 427. 428, 429. 432. 435. 436. 438, 439. 441. 680, 906, 910, 911, 913, xxiv, xxvi, xxviii. xxxi. xxxii
Lower Pocahontas Sandstone
Lower Pottsville 323
Lower Raleigh Sandstone....
Lower Thacker Coal
. . (See Lower Cedar Grove Coal) Lower War Elagle Coal
193. 194. aee-7, 274. 386 Lower War Eagle Sandstone.
106, 138. 139, 141. 143. 1&5, 157. 159, 182. 183, 185, 186, 188. 191. 866, 268. 655
Lower Win if rede Coal
Lower Winifrede Sandstone. . 101, 120. 133. 137, 147. 158. 190, 842, 366
Lumber Industry 922-3
Lykens. Jas 24
Lynch Nos. 1. 2. and 3 Mines,
Production 379
Lynchburg Colliery Co.:
Production 378
Lynchburg Mine. Production.. 378
Mardnnald Colliery Co.. Produrtion
37g
Macdonald Mine (168).!!!'.'" 311. 378, 771-6. 876. 879. 881! 882. 891. 895. 897. 899.
Macdonald Section «9
Mahoney. J. W 661
Main Line. C. & O. R R 9
Main Line. C. & O. R. R..
Levels 929-30
Page.
Main Line. K, & M. R. R 13
Main Line. K. & M., R. R..
Levels 933
Main Line. Virginian Ry.,
Levels 933
Malone. Ed 738
Maloney. M. P., Opening 189
Mann Mountain Anticline. . . .
Manns Creek 35, 38
Manns Creek, Mouth of.
Section 196-7. 222
Manns Creek Railroad 14
Manns Creek Railroad. Levels
Maps Showing Minable Area of Coals:
Alma 494
Cedar Grove 489
Chilton 486
Coalburg 475
Douglas 673
Eagle 615
Fire Creek 797
Gilbert 664
Olenalum Tunnel 660
Little Eagle 648
No. 2 Gas 499
No. 3 Pocahontas 862
No. 6 Pocahontas 8bl
Peerless 499
Powellton 680
Sewell 678
Stockton 472
Winifrede 482
Marble, Black 263
Marine Fossil Horizons. Kanawha Group 279-280
Marr Branch 38
Marrs Branch Coal Co.. Cataract Mine (128) .. .705-6, 875. 879
Marshall. A. F 782
Marsh Fork Limestone 148
Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler Report 86
Martin. F. H 609
Martin, Jas 740
Martin. Morris. Opening (481) 781 Martin. Mrs. E. T.. Coal Test
Marting. — % Mile Southeast
Section 88. 122-4. 222
Marting. P. H 607
Mason, O. W : 139. 622
Maasey. R. H 682
Material. Road 908-9
Matewan Coal
Matewan Sandstone
Index.
Page.
Mathers & Morgan 66. 75, 83
Matthews & Morton Mine
Mauch Chunk Red Shale
Ill, 113, 123. 134. 160. 169, 197.
Mauch Chunk Series 97
Mauch Chunk Series:
Chapter IX 332-5
General -Section 113
Oir and Gas Sands 337
Thickness 221-3
Maximum River Stages, Charleston 6
Maxton Sand
Maywood — ^Aldrich Camp Section 202-3. 222
M. B. Coal & Coke Co.:
Production 378
M. B. Coal Co., Elk Ridge No.
M. B. Coal Co.. Elk Ridge No.
Mead. E. A 845
Meadowbridge — 1.5 Miles
Northwest Section 89
Meadow Creek 36. 39
Meadow Creek — 1.6 Miles
North Section 89
Meadow Creek Quadrangle.
Levels 941-3
Meadow Creek Station Section
Meadow Pork 35-36
Meadow Fork Coal Co., Meadow Pork Mine (147)
Meadow River 34, 37, 39
Meadow River:
At Russellville. Discharge
Measurements
At Russellville, Gaging Records 75-89
Indicated Horse-Power Developed by 918
Selected Reservoir Site 920
Meadow River Lumber Co. . . . 862
Meadow River Lumber Co.: Geore'e Wright Opening (495) 787
Meadow River Smokeless Coal Co 862
Page- Meadow River Smokeless CJoal Co. (J. W. Dwyer) Mine
Meadows, H 730
Gauley River at Belva
Meadow River at Russellville 76. 77. 78, 80, 82. 83
New River at Fayette
Mecca Colliery Co 522, 524, 525
Members. Description of:
Allegheny Series 224-9
Kanawha Group 231-278
Mauch Chunk Series 333-5
New River Group 295-322
x'ocahontas Gr oup 324-331
Mercer? Coal, Lower
Mercer? Coal. Upper
(See Stockton "A" Coal)
Mercer Limestone. Lower. 233. 235 Mercer Limestone. Lower. . . .
Structure 86-50
Michigan Coal Co 686
Michigan Coal Co.. Production 378 Michigan Mine. Production.. 378 Michigan Mine (106).. 686. 876, 879 Middleburg, Chas., Opening
Middleburg, Chas., Openings
Middle Cedar Grove Sandstone
Middle larger Sandstone
Middle Kittanning Coal
Middle Pottsville 294
Middle War Eagle Coal
Midvale Colliery Co.:
Production 378
Midvale Mine, Production.... 378 Milbum By-Products Coal Co. 639
Milbum Coal Co 165
Milburn Coal Co.:
Production 378
Index.
Page.
Mil burn Coal Co.:
Milburn No. 1 Mine, Production 378
Mileage, Road 15-16
Mill Creek Branch, C. & O. R. R 11-12
Mill Creek Branch, C. & O. R. R., Levels 932
Mill Creek Colliery Co., Production 378
Mill Creek Mine, Production.. 378
Mill Creek of Meadow River. . 39
Mill Creek of New River.'. .36. 39
Miller, Geo. E
Miller Section 89, 176, 222
Minable Coal Beds 385
Districts 868
Minable Coal by Magisterial Districts:
▲Ixna Goal.
Falls
Gedar Orov« Goal.
Falls
Kanawha
OhUtoii Coal.
Falls
Page. Minable Coal by Magisterial Districts:
Ohllton. Coal.
Fayetteville
88, 102. 1V5*, V6'6,'24V. *243."244-5, 246, 362. 375, 386. 470, 464. 485, 486. 487, 488. 867.
Mountain Cove
Ooallmrff Coal.
Falls
Fayetteville
Kanawha
Mountain Cove
l>ojtgltM Coal.
Falls
88, 89, 106. 142. 267. 273-4, 276. 376, 3S6. 470, 666, 673, 674, 875
Fayetteville
«8. 89. 106. 183, 186. 193. 195. 267. 273.4k 276. 376. 386. 470. 673, 675-6, 867, 875
Kanawha
Bagl« Coal.
Falls
1, 262, 263. 266. 376. 386, 388A, 391, 392. 393. 394, 395. 470. 507. 511. 614.22, 647. 867, 873-4.
Fayetteville
88, 89. 104." '1V6', 'i48,' iVs. 160, 151. 154. 165. 159. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 167. 237. 258. 259. 260-1, 262. 263, 264. 266. 351. 354, 2G7. 368. 371. 375. 386.
Index.
Page. Minable Coal by Magisterial Districts;
388A, 398, 4^0. 638, 545, 546. 547. 615. 632^3, 647. 654. 867,
Mountain Cove
rir« Grc«k Goal.
Falls 796
Fayetteville
OU1>«rt Goal.
Falls
88. 89. 106'*149. i'5'7". 159." 168.
G-lenalnm Timn«l Coal.
Fayetteville
Page. Minable Coal by Magisterial EWstricts: QUwalinn ToiulA Goal
88^ 10*4." 121.' 122.127.' i34.' J".
470. 648. 649-51, 658, 887, 874. Fayetteville «v : i; * « «•
654-7, 658. 867, 874. Kanawha '^ ':::' %ct
659-4k 658. 867, 874. Mountain Cove.... .-;.••• ,.
Falls •• • •••;• ,,c
88, 99. 114. 116. 116;;11.. m 119, 124, 136. 225 ffl6-j228. 375, 886. 455. 456. 457. 458-60, 461. 867.
Kanawha ni'i* kii' «7k
Vo. 8 Oaa Goal.
Falls • •; •.•;:k' 110
88, 89, 90. 92, 98. 103 llj. HS- 121. 122. 123, 124. 125. 126. - • 128. 129. 131. 132. 138. 139^ 237. 246. 249, 2'50. 251. a»|« 255, 256, 257, '258. 259.260.263.
268. 273. 342. 343. 346. 347. 3-J. 386. 388A. 389- 890. j^ "j; 393, 394, 395, 470 488^ 50^ 91, 578. 613. 616. 887, 871-3. 883.
Fayetteville : AA "iii * 192.
88. 89. 103, 188. 190. ISI- \7* 193. 237. 246. 249 250 26- 953I4, 255. 256. 257 258. 2j5. 260, 2'63. 373. 375 386. 470. 4. 492.500, 551-6, 578. 613. b* 867, 871-3, 883.
Kanawha • • • • • • •;:q' 150,
88. 89. 103. 145 147 149. J 151. 152, 154. 155. 156. 169. ij 163 164; 165 167. 237. 246. J J
250. 251. 863^ 255. 286. 258, 259. 260, 263. 351, 35-. 5 362, 366.. 368 371. 37|. J 388A. 397. 399. 470. 495. * 498-500, 581-51, 5<8^0Zv^ 613. 623, 630. 635. 867, STi-*'
Page. Minable Coal by Magisterial Districts:
Mountain Cove
Vo. 3 Pooa&ontas OoftL
Fayetteville
Nuttall
Quinnimont
323. 324« 325, 327. 328, 329l 330. 834, 335. 387, 388C, 868^ 864j6,
Sewell Mountain
324. 326, 327. 328. 329, 330, a35. 387, 388C, 862, 863, 866, 867, 877.
Palls
Mountain Cove
Vo. 6 Fooahontas OoaL
Payettoville
Quinnimont
327, 328. 329, 376. 387. 388B. 388C. 850L3, 860i 867, 877
Page. Minable Coal by Magisterial Districts:
T—tUmm Coal.
Falls
Mountain Cove
PowoUton Coal.
Palls
88, 104. i48.**l*5"o', "l*51,'i64.' 155. 156. 161. 163. 164, 165, 167, 2&6, 256, 257. 259. 264. 362, 368. 375.
Mountain Cove
8aw*ll OoaL
Falls
Fayetteville
305. 307, 308, 309, 310-11, 812, 314. 317, 319, 335, 378, 375, 887. 388A. 388^. 405. 406. 407. 408. 410. 411, 412. 413, 414. 416. 417, 418. 419, 420, 422, 423, 424, 426. 426. 427. 428. 429. 432. 433, 435. 436, 437, 43$, 439, 440, 441. 442. 656. 678. 704.782, 795, 867, 875. 7, 884.92, 897, xxiv. xxvi, xxvii. xxvili, XXX, xxxi, xxxii.
Kanawha
376, 387. 388A. 396. 397. 399. 401, 678. 681.2, 875.7, 884^-98,
Index.
Page. Minable Coal by Magisterial Districts:
Bewell Oooi.
Mountain Cove
388B. 388C. 443. 444, 445. 446.
Btookton OoaL
Palls
88, 101. iii." 147, 158,* 162* 166. 232. 234.5, 236. 362. 386, 470.
88. 101. 170. 232. 2^4.5,' 236. 386, 470, 471-3, 474. 867..
Palls
Kanawha
Mountain Cove
Page. Minable Coals :
* Allegheny Series 456-469
Kanawha Group .470-676
New Rdver Group 676-849
Pocahontas Group 849-S66
Minden Mines 722-4, $S7
Minden No. 2 Mine (142).... 721-4. 876, 879, 881, 882, 887, 896. 897 899 Minden No. 3 Mine (141)....
Minden No. 6 Mine (139).... ..378, 718-19, 887, 895, 897, 899
Mineral Products 20
Mines by Coal Beds 376
Mines by Nos.:
16A 161, 529
23
26A
28A ' 511. 871. 878
28B 127. 512
88*. *. ; : ; *. *. : *. 521-2,' '524.' 872. m
Index. 979
Page. Page.
Mines by Nos.: Mines by Nos.:
51
KiA K07 072 o7« 104 684-5, 884. 895
5J^ ^'^' *^2' ?Is 105 685-6, 875, 879
88d. 895. 108 687
I* 575. 873. 878 hq 689-90. 876. 879, 884, 895
190* mV 192.' *552-4. ' 873,* 878, JJJ 690-1, 881, 882, 884-6. 896
60*. '.isi; 155; 601-2; 873. 878. 898 JJJ «94-5. 876, 879, 885. 896
61A 606-6. 873. 878 iio
62A 606, 873, 878
Off ' ' ftAQ s*7'3 878 121 700, 784
6.A. '.'.■.*. *'.*■.*'.'.'. *.'.:. .... 609 122 700-1, 876. 879, 886, 895
"iip; 87V.-878; 88V.-882; 897. ""i" 1,; ■■■■■ — • j i" • • • • ; ,,,
" Bibls; eW-S: 874.- 878. 884. 896. "^ • ' ' -""-lO' ""• "»' «"' ««
81A 638-9. 874, 879 896.
83. .161, 164. 629, 640, 874. 879 T^i^*?' ' V7V * ' iiV ' *iir * «82
85 and 86 629. 641 886-7. 896.
89 .•.•.•.*.;.;.•.•.• .■.•.•.'iVo.* 191, SJ5 I39....7I8-I9, 887. 896. 897. 899
90.. 194. 644-6, 874, 879, 884, 895 1*0 •"'''':"'•• „«
96! :::::::: : :!^^668!• 875,' HI i^^. .'. . .724-6. 876. 379. 887. 895
98o
Index.
Page. Mines by Nos.:
Page. Mines by Nos.:
267. 268. and 269... 459. 463, 465 270 460, 463. 468
Index.
Page. Mines by Nos.:
Index.
Mines by Nos.:
Mines. Production of Coal and Coke by (1916) 877-9
Minso County. Dinffess Section. Revised 926-7
Ming:o County, Revisions in Correlation, Kanawha Group 925-8
Minimum River Stages,
Charleston 7
Minor Anticlinal Spurs 95
Minter, W. F 663
Miscellaneous xtems 18-20
Miscellaneous Items, Steamingr
Tests 544. 774
Mississippian, Oil and Gas Sands of 337-8
Mississippian Period. ........ 97
Mississippian Rocks, Thickness 221-3
Monitor (Logan) Sandstone. . 103. 167. SSflp 343
Monitor Sandstone. Lower. . . 103. 861
Monongahela Series. Oil and Gas Sands 337
Montgomery, Description. 21-23
Montgomery, Gaging Records at 40-42
Montgomery Heirs No. 1 "WeU
336, «39, 840, 341A« 347, 860-1. 352. 367. Montgomery Heirs No. 2 "Well
Montgomery, Henry 22
Montgomery. James 22
Montgomery Quadrangle.
Levels 943-4
Montgomery Section 88
Montgomery, S. H., J. C, and
J. W 32
Monthly Discharge, Bstimated, of New River at Pay-
• ette 63, 66, 68
Monthly Temperature and Precipitation at Beckley 31
Monthly Temperature and Precipitation at Powellton SO
Moore, a. M 703. 704
Morgan & Mathers 66. 76. 83
Momton, D. H 608, 639
Morris Creek 38
Morris Oeek Coal Co 467, 523
Morris Creek Section. . .146-6, 822
Morris E. L 617. 518
Morris. Levi 21
Morton and Matthews Mine
Morton. F. H. 640. 641. 64S
Moseley, A. D 778
Moses, John 81S
Moss Branch Coal Co 706
Mossy Coal & Land Co. Core
Mossy Coal A Land Co. No. 6
Mossy Creek 36
Mount Oirbon Co., Ltd.:
FVoductlon 378. 384
Mount Carbon Section
Mount Hope Coal ft Coke Co.
Mount Hope Coal & Coke Co.,
Production s78
Mount Hope, Deaorlption 26-27
Mounta.ln Cove District'.
Area 19
Detailed Boring Records. .*01-J Dr&lnase Basins. Area. .. .37-38
Lower Douglas Coal 277
Mlnable Coals
Population 13
Prospective Oil and Oas
Areas 349-SO
Road MlleaBe H
Sectliins 169-174
Stratified Shales SUB
Huddlety Creek, Indicated
Horse-Power Developed by.. 918 Muddlely Crech. Selected
Heservotr Site 920
Mulvane — i Mile Southwest
Myles, Geo 862
McCreath. A. B 830, 831
McClung, A. W.. Opening
McCoy, John S6
3S8B. 104
MoGraw. Andrew, Opening
McKell Coat & Coke Co 737
McKell Coal & Coke Co.:
Production 378
McKell Coal Co 738. 770, 772
McKclI Estate 780, 731, 813
McKell, T. 13 26
MoK"ll. William 2S, 388B
McKlnley Land Co
S88. 388B, B56. 644
MoKlnley Land Co.:
McKlnley Land Co,: Page.
OpenlnB (95).. 194. S61, 874. 879 McMichen. J. H.. Opening
McPheetera, W, 1 782
K Naladltea carbonarla DawBon? 292
Naphthalene, Yield of B<2
Natural Gas and Petroleum
Naugatuck Sandstone. 102. SM, 928 Navigation Suspended on Kanawha River, Days 4
see. 875. 879
Neff. Mrs. Lura 849
Nelson. A. L 7S7
New River S3, 37. 38
New Blver: At Fayette. Gaging Records
Description 4. 42-66
Estimated Monthly Discharge at Fayette. . .53, 65. 58 Indicated H. P. Developed
by 917
Indicated H. P. Developed
by Minor Tributaries 919
Rating Tables 60. 58. 64
Reservoir Site, Selected 920
New River ft Foca, Cons. Coal
327, 888. 388A. 3SSC, 448. 446. **9. 794 New River ft Poca. (tens. Coal Co.:
Core Test No. 17 (121).. Core Test No. 18 (116). Core Test No. 19 (112).
Index.
Page. New River & Poca. Cons. Coal Co.: Core Test No. 21 (120)....
Core Test No. INS (141)..388C Core Test No. 2NS (142)..388C Core Test No. 3NS (139)..388C Core Test No. 5NS (131)..388C Core Test No. ffNS (130)..388C Core Test No. 7NS (128)..388C Core Test No. 8NS (114)..388C LAyland No. 1 Mine (218)..
Minden Mines 722-4, 887
Minden No. 2 Mine (142) . . . 721-4, 876. 879, 881, 882, 887, 895, 897, 8^9. Minden No. 3 Mine (141)...
Production 378
Sandstone Qiiarry 298
192. 19-5. 298. 423, 782. 876, 879 Xew River Coal & Cokf'.: Macdon»ld Mine (168)..
Sandstone Quarry sil
Now River Collieries Co '. '.
Page. New River Collieries Co.:
Core Test No. 69 (44) 888A,404 Core Test No. 70 (43) 388A. 404
Production 378
747-763, 876. 871>, 881, 882, 889- 90, 895, 897, 898.
New River Colliery Co. Slater
New River Co
388B, 427. 428. 432, 433, ^5, 436 New River Co.: Carlisle Shaft Mine (158)... ..189, 190, 743-4, 745, 889, 895
738-9, 876, 879, 881, 882, 88S. 895. 897, 899 Lochgelly (Stuart) Mine (143). 724-6, 876, 879, 887, 895
New River Group 97
New River Group:
Chapter VII 294-322
Correction iTi Division Line Between Kanawha Group.
Description of Members. 295-322
General Account 294-6
General Section 106-9
Minable CoelIs 676-849
Thickness 221-3
New River Mining Co W6
New River Silica CJo., Quarry 911-12. 913
New River Smokeless Coal Co. . . .747. 755, 761, 762, 806, 808, 809
New River Valley Coal Co.
Newlyn Coal Co 638
Newlyn Coal Co.:
Newlyn (Thomas) Mine (192) . .378, 812-13, 877, 879, 892, 895
Production 378
348. Nichol Colliery Co.. Nichol
Nicholas County £SlevationB. . 933
Index.
Page. Nicholas County Sections. . . .
Nicholas Coimty Well Records
Nicholas Quadrangle 939
No. 6 Block Coal
No. 2 Gas Coal
167, 171, 173. 188, 190. 191, 192. 193, 237. 239. 246, 249, 250. 251, 253-4, 255. 266, 257, 258, 259, 260, 263. 268. 273, 342, 343, 345, 347, 351, 352, 354, 362, 366, 368, 371, 373, 375, 386, 388A, 389, 390, 391. 392, 393. 394, 395. 397. 399. 402, 470. 495, 496. 497, 498.578, 602, 603, 613. 616, 623. 630. 635, 644, 887, 871-3, 883
No. 2 Gas Coal, Intervals
Above and Below 88
No. 1 Pocahontas Coal
Ill, 211. 330, 387
No. 2 Pocahontas Coal
No. 2 "A" Pocahontas Coal . .
No. 3 Pocahontas Coal
323. 324, 325, 327, 328, 339, 330. 334, 336, 387, 388B, 388C, 430. 861-8, 867, 877
No. 3 Pocahontas Coal. Roof fihale 28-1. 282. 286
No. 3 "Rider" Pocahontas Coal 110. 388.9
No. 4 Pocahontas Coal
No. 6 Pocahontas Coal
No. 6 Pocahontas 0>al
324, 325, 326, 307, 328, 329, 376. 3S7, 38&B, 388C, 430, 432. 436, 450, 451, 454. 850-860, 867, 877
No. 7 Pocahontas Coal
Page.
No. 8 Pocahontas Coal
XXXl. XYXll.
No. 9 Pocahontas Coal
Normal Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Temperature and lYecipltation at Beckley. 31
Normal Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Temperature and l*precipitation at Powellton. . 30
North Coalburg Coal
North Pork Shale
Ill, 281, 282. 283, 286. 330-1
North Point of Fayette County Section 88
Number of Mines by Coal Beds 376
Nuttall District:
Area 19
Bonds Voted for Roads 16
Detailed Boring Records. . .403-4
Drainage Basins, Area 37-38
Lack of Test Wells 866-8
Minable Coals
Population 19
Prospective Oil and Gas
Areas 368-9
Road Mileage 16
Sections 174-180
Nuttall Efetate (James Walker) Opening (125). 702-3, 875, 879
Nuttall Heirs 388A, 388B, 697
Nuttall Heirs:
Nuttall. John 21
Nuttall Mine. Production. 379. 384
Nuttall Sandstone xxiv
Nuttall Sandstone, Lower. . . . 88, 89. 107, 129. 130, 137. 138. 140. 142, 159, 165, 167. 172. 174, 175. 177, 178, 179. 180, 181. 184. 187. 192. 196, 274, 278, 2^. 297-9, 300. 301. 302, 303. 304, 306, 346, 347. 350, 362. 358, 364. 362. 366. 866. 367. 369, 370. 371, 396. 397. 398. 399. 400. 402, 404, 406. 406. 407. 408. 409. 410, 411. 412. 417. 419. 420. 421, 422. 426. 426. 427, 428, 429. 482. 436. 436. 438, 489. 441, 680. 906. 910. 911. 913. xxiv. xxvi. xxviii, xxxl, xxxil
Nuttall Sandstone, Upper
Nuttall Sandstone, Upper
KS, 1C7. 172. 174. IftO. ISl, 184.
1^9. 1&7. 188. 190. i»2. m. aso.
271. 272. 276. 277. 278. 294. IW g^ 297. 2d8. 299. 800. 801. 344. 347. 3»0. 3»2. 3»4. 3€2. 8C». 3C€. 3C9.
371. 39&. 399. 400, 401. 402, 40€.
910. 911. xxiT, xxvL XXX Nattallbur^ Coal §l Coke Co.
Nuttallburs S<K;tion.89, 179-80. 222 XuttallbDrff Smokeless Fuel
Kuttallbars Smokeless Fuel
Qo., Production 379. 384
Natter Heirs 388A
Nutter. O. R 603
Oak Hill. DescripUon 24-25
Oakland Mine. Production.... 379 Oakwood Mine. Production... 379 Oakwood Shaft Mine (159)...
Ohio Cities Gas Co
Ohio Fuel Oil Co 122, 341. 341.\
Oil-and Gas-Bearins Sands,
Description 338-340
Oil and Gas (Chapter X).. 338-373 Oil and Gas Development in
Kanawha County. Recent...
Oil and Gas Horizons in W.
Va. 386-8
Oil and Gas Zones hi W. Va..
Table 337-8
Oiler. John, Opening: (266).. .458-9 Old Keeney Mine. Production. 377 Once More Mine. Production.. 379
O'Neal. H. H 778
O'Neill. W. M 59
Ontario Power Co 92i
Opossum Cre«*k 35
Order of Production of Coal
Order of Production of Coke
Orisrinal Forests 922
Osborne Creek 35
Osborne, H. W 820
Packs Branch 36
Paddy Branch 3S
Page, Maj. Wm. N 24. 170. 533
i:
87i
t51>
I*ase Section SS. 162-3. 222
Paint Creek 16. 33
Faint Creek Branch. C. Jk O.
R. B
Paint Creek Branch, CL Jb O.
R. R, Lerels
Paint Creek Coal Mi«i»»g Co.
No. 3 Mine (336u%). .55«. ST3, Paint Oeek Colliery Col Hi<dc-
Paint Creek CoUierjr Co. Mine
Paint Creek. Indicated H. P.
Developed by
Paint Creek Ldnd 4k Coal Co.
No. 1 Well «32> 241A. 364
Paint Crreek LAnd & Coal Co.
Panther Moant&in Section
Panther Sandstone
(See Upper Nuttall Sandstone) Parish. Allen. Opening (344).. 57«
Parker. D. J 506. 508, >4:
Parker. E. W 54:
Parker, O. L. 5J
Part I — ^History and Phys-biography X-^l
Part III — Mineral Resources.
Patterson, Mrs. A. B., Opening
Patton. Leicester 539, 680
Paul. E. G 65
Peerless Coal
S8. 103. 115, 119. 120. 123. 127,
SS3 IVerless Sandstone
159. 171. 193. S51« 252. Sss. 38!>.
Penfield Branch 38
Index.
Page.
Pennsylvania Geological Survey 224, 2Zt$, 228. 231
Pennsylvanian, Oil and Gas Sands of 337
Pennsylvanian Period 97
Pennsylvanian Rocks, Thickness 221-3
Personal Property, Value 20
Perwlen & Bailey 71
Peters Creek, Mouth of. Section 138. 222
Peters Creek — 0.7 Mile South
of Mouth, Sectlo>n 88
Peters, ODavld E 785
Peters. D. B 784, 786
Peterson & Walters 64. 74, 82
Petroleum and Natural Gas
Petroleum and Natural Gas..
Phillips. John 506
Phoenix Coal Co. Slater Mine
Physiographic Chafiges 32-37
Physiography and History
Pierce, Thomas 458
Pierpont Sandstone
Plerson. A. E 60, 62
Pine Top Mine (54).. 575. 873, 878 Pinetop Entry of Low Moor
Pineville Sandstone
aai-a, 323. 324, 354. 370, 400, 432,
xxvii, xxix, xxxi Plney Creek, Indicated H. P.
Developed by 919
Pinkney. H. H 779
Piatt. Franklin 225, 226
Pleurophorella sesqulplicata.
sp. n 290-1
Plum Orchard Coal & Land Co.
Plum Orchard Coal & Land Co.:
Plumorchard Creek 36
Pluto Coal 835
Pocahontas Coals
Pocahontas GSroup 97
Page.
Pocahontas Group:
Chapter VIII 323-331
Description of Members. 324-831
General Account 328*4
General Section 109-111
Minable Coals 849-866
Thickness 221-8
Pocahontas Sandstone. Lower 110. 211. 3fl9
Pocahontas Sandstone. Upper 110. 210. 211, 219. 328, 329, 430. 865. xxix
Pocono Sandstones 97
Pocono Sandstones. Oil and Gas Sands of 337
Pocono Sandstones. Thickness 221-3
Pocotaligo River. Indicated H.
P. Developed by 919
Popenose Tunnel 807
Population 19-20
Population by Districts 19
Population of Unincorporated
Villages 28-29
Portage and Chemung. Oil and
Gas Sands of 338
Porter. J. R 726
Potato Hill Knob Section
Pottsville Series 97
Pottsvllle Series:
General Section 100-111
General Section. Revised. .927-8
Intervals to Base of 88, 89
Kanawha Group, Minable
Coals 470-676
List of Invertebrate Fossils
New River Group, Minable
Coals 676-849
Oil and Gas Sands 837
Pobahontas Group, Minable
Coals 849-866
Thickness 221-8
Powell. G. H 485
Powellton "A" Coal
104. 156. 167, 266, 386, 389. 397 Powellton Branch, C. & O. R.
R 11
Powellton Branch, C. & O. R.
R., Levels 932
Powellton Coal
Index.
Page.
Powellton Coal
391, 392. 393. 394. 395. 397. 470. 529. 632. 678.613, 867, 873, 883 Powellton Pork — Head of, Section 161-2. 223
Powellton Mine, Production. . . 377 Powellton — 0.5 Mile Northwest
Section 156-7. 223
Powellton Section.. 88. 168-161. 223 Powellton. Temperature and
Precipitatioti at. 80
Precipitation at Beckley 31
Precipitation at Powellton. ... 30 Preparatory Branch, W. Va,
University 22-23
Present Forest Conditions 923
Present Surface Formation. . . 97 Preston Comity (Roylesburgr)
Section 237-9
Price Hill Coal Co 780
Price Hill Fuel Co.:
No 7 Core Test (83).. ,388B. 436 No. 9 Core Test (82)..388B. 435
Price, T. « 911
Price, Wm. Armstrong
234. 237. 240. 248, 249, 265. 280, 283. 286 Price, Wm. Armstrong — ^Type Locality of Winifrede Limestone 286-293
Princeton Conglomerate Sandstone
Alma 498, 867
Campbell CTreek 578,867
Cedar Grove 492. 867
Chilton 487, 867
Coalburg 480. 867
Douglas 676, 867
Eagle 647, 867
Fire Creek 849". 867
Gilbert 672. 867
Glenalum Tunnel 662. 867
Little Eagle 658. 867
No. 2 Gas 678, 867
No. 3 Pocahontas 866, 867
No. 6 Pocahontas 860, 867
Peerless . . , 578, 867
Powellton 613. 867
Sewell 795, 867
Stockton 474.867
Winifrede 483. 867
Page- Producer-Gas Tests:
Eagle Coal 634
No. 2 Gas Coal 544-6. 565-72
Powellton Coal 589-98
Sewell Coal 755-61
Producing Sands. Oil and Gas 341A Production. Coal (1888-1916) . . 375 Pro<|uction, Coal. Order, by
Production. Coal and Coke, by
I»roduction. Coke, by CJompa-
IVoduction, Coke, by Counties (1916) 381
Production, Coke, by Years
Production, Coke. Order by
Production, Statistics, Coal
and Coke 374-385
Products 20
Property Valuation 20
Prospective Areas and Well
Records 340-378
Prospective Oil and Gas Areas:
Falls District 348-9
Fayetteville District 373
Kanawha District 355
Mountain Cove District.. .349-60
Nuttall TDistrlct 358-9
Quinnimont District 358-9
Sewell Mountain District. .358-9 Prudence Coal Co.:
Production 879
Q
Quakertown Coal. 236. 287. 239, 26J Quantity of Coal Available:
Alma 497-8
Campbell Creek 678
Cedar Grove 491-2
Chilton 487
Coalburg 480
Douglas 676
Eagle 647
Fire Creek 849
Gilbert 671-2
Glenalum Tunnel 661-2
Little Eagle 667-8
No. 2 Gas 578
No. 6 Pocahontas 8W
Peerless 57!
Index.
Paffe;
Records, ODal Test, Summarised.. 885, 888, 388 A. 388B, 388C
Records, Summarised Well . . . 340-1. 341A
Records, Well, and Prospective Areas 340-373
Recoverable Coal 868
Red Jacket Coal
Red Structure Contours
Reeder, C, Heirs, Core Test
Reeder, C, Heirs, Core Test
Reeder, Chas., Heirs 914
Reforestation, Areas Suitable
lor 92IS-4
Regrer, I>. B
Regrister of Localities 283-5
Relief 19
Rend Branch (Arbuckle Creek Branch), C. & O. R, R., Levels 931
Rend. W. P 388A
(139) ..718-19, 887, 895. 897, 899 Rend, W. P.. Mine (Formerly)
(140) ..719-20, 887. 895, 897, 899 Rend, W. P.. Mine (Formerly)
(141) 719. 720-1, 887, 895. 897, 899 Rend. W. P., Mine (Formerly)
Representing Structure, Method of 86-90
•Reservoir Sites, Selected. Kanawha River Basin 920
Residual Clay 906
Results of Tests 542
Retort Operation, Coal and Coke 541
Revised Dingress Section. Mlngro County 926-7
Revised Section, Pottsvllle Series 927-8
Pa^re. Revisions in Correlation, Kanawha Group, Mingo County
Rice, G. S 682. 772
Rich Creek 34, 39
Ridgeview Coal C3o., Production 379
Ridgeview Coal Co., Slater
Ridgeview Mine, Production . . 379
Riefkin, P. M 725, 727, 749
Rift Shale 109. 385. 450
Riggs Branch 38
River and Creek Gravel 908
River Stages, Maximum.
Charleston 6
River Stages, Minimum,
Charleston 1
River Valley Colliery Co., Production 879
Road Bonds, Amount Voted.. 16
Road Material 908-9
Road Mileage 15-16
Roads. Cost of Various Types 909
Roaring Creek Coal
Roaring Creek Sandstone
Robb, R. W 840
Robins Coal Co. Export Mine (209)... 832-3, 877, 880, 893, 895
Robinson, William 161. 527
Rockcamp Branch 39
Rock Lick Coal Co 388. 388A
Rock Lick Coal Co.. Production 879
Rocklick Coal Co.: Concho Mine (137). 717. 876, 879 Core Test No. 1 (48). . .388A. 40f Core Test No. 2 (47).. .388A. 404 Core Test No. 3 (49) . . .388 A, 404 Srskine Mine (189). 810. 877. 879
Rocks. Thickness of Stratified
Rogers, H. H 14
Rogers, W. B 238
Roof Shale of Eagle Coal
Roof Shale of Little Eagle
Coal 280. 281. 282. 283. 285
Roof Shale of No. 3 Pocahontas Coal 281. 282. 28S
Rosedale Salt Sand 344
Rothwell Coal Co.:
Production 379
Rosedale Mine (116)... 379, €94. Rothwell, Herbert 694
Index.
Section 237-9
Royal Coal & Coke Co., Royal
Royal — Grandvlew Section . . .
Royal Mine (207). 208, 829, 877, 880 Royal No. 1 Core Test (150). .
S88C. 455
Royal Section 208, 22S
Royal Shale
Rush Run 89
Rush Run Mine. Production. .
Russell Land Co. No. 10 Core
Russellville Gaging Station.
Description
Russellville Section. 89, 176-7. 228 Rutledge, J. J
St. Clair Coal & Coke Co. .524, 626 St. Clair Coal & Mining Co. . . 233 St. Clair Coal &, Mining Co..
St Clair Coal Mining Co. Mine
St Clair Collieries Co 379
St Clair Colliery Co 468
St Clair Colliery Co. Mine
St. Clair Mine, Production... 379
Salt Sand 362
Salt Sand. First 360, 366. 367
Salt Sand. Rosedale 344
Salt Sand. Second
Salt Sand. Third 350. 366. 367
Sand, Available Glass 912-13
Sand Branch 39
Sands. Oil and Gas:
Bayard 838
Beckett 337
Benson 336. 337. 338
Berea 337. 340
Big Dunkard 337
Big Injun 337.
Big Lime 337,
Burning Springs 337
Cairo? 337
Cairo Gas 337
Page.
Sands. Oil and Gas:
Cairo Salt 337
Carroll 337
Dawson 337
Elizabeth 338
Fifth 388
Fifty-Foot 338
First Cow Run 337
Fourth 858
Gantz 333
Gas. of Marion 337
Gordon 338
Gordon Stray 838
Keener 837. 339
Little Dunkard 337
Little Lime 337
Maxton 833. 337. 338-9
Minshall 837
Moundsville 337
Murphy 337
Rosedale Gas 337
Rosedale Salt 937
Second Cow Run 337
Seventh 338
Sixth 338
Speechley 338
Squaw 337
Thirty-Foot 338
Tiona 338
Warren First 838
Warren Second 338
Weir 337. 340
Sands, Oil and Gas. by Series:
Allegheny 337
Catskill 338
Chemung 838
Conemaugh 337
Devonian 338
Greenbrier Limestone 337
Mauch Chunk 88T
Mississippian 337
Mopongahela 337
Pennsylvanian 537
Pocono Sandstones 837
Portage Beds 838
Pottsville 337
Sandstone 908-9
Sandstone:
Bearwallow Conglomerate
Bens Creek Z6I
Brownstown 255
Connoquenessing 236
Decota 261
Dingess 926, 927. 928
Dotson (Bearwallow Conglomerate) 271-8
Eagle 259-260
East Lynn 227-8
Eckman 327-8
Flattop Mountain 324-5
Grapevine 262-3
Guyandot 307
Harvey Conglomerate 304-5
Hernshaw 245
Index.
Pa«e. Sandstone :
Keystone ill
Klttannlng 22d
Landgrraff Ill
Lower Campbell Creek 264
Lower Chilton Z4b
Lower Coalburg 240
Lower Dotson 274-5
Lower Freeport 99, 144, 225
Lower Gilbert 269
Lower Guyandot 309-10
Lower larger 303
Lower Kittannin? 238
Lower Monitor 252
Lower Pocahontas 329
Lower Raleierh 5l7
Lower War E:agle 266
Lower Winifrede 242
Matewan 259
Middle Cedar Grove 250
Middle laegrer 303
Naugatuck 246
Panther (Upper NutUll) . .295-6 Peerless (Lower Cedar
Plerpont 325-t
Pineville 321-2
Princeton Conglomerate ....
Quinnimont 318
Upper Cedar Grove 248-9
Upper Chilton 244
Upper Coalburg 285-6
Upper Connoquenessing.238, 239
Upper East Lynn 225-6
Upper Preeport 99 ,
Upper Gilbert 267-8
Upper Pocahontas 328
Upper Raleigh 313-14
Upper Winifrede 240-1
Vivian Ill
Welch 311
Williamson 247
Sandstone Quarries
Sandstone Quarries
Sandstone Quarries, Table. . . . 910 Sanger, J. R., Core Test (51) 388A. 404
Page.
Sandy Huff Shale 30a
Sawyer, W. C 65
Sayres. Ira G..314A. 350. 351, 370
Schuyler Fork, Morris Creek.
Section 146, 22S
Schweitaser, J. N 745
"Science" 36?
Scotia Coal & Coke Co., Production 879, 394
Scotia Coal Co.:
714-17, 876, 879, 881, 882, 886-7. 895 Cunard Mine (134). 714, 876, 879
Scotia Mine, Production. .377, 384
Scrabble Creek 59
Seacrlst. H. W 605
Seasonal Temperature and Precipitation at Beckley 31
Seasonal Temperature and Precipitation at Powellton 30
Second Salt Sand
Secondary Elevations 946
Sections: Alaska — 0.8 Mile Southeast.
Albion — Woods Ferry
Beckwith — 1.7 Miles West..
Belva — 0.7 Mile South
Belva — 1 Mile Northeast. . .
Beury 199-200, 221
Beurytown 215-16, 221
Bishop — 0.6 Mile Northwest
Boggs Knob — Sims Station
Boomer 125, 221
Boomer— % Mile Bast 126-7, 221 Buffalo Creek (Mingo County) 288-9
• Cannelton 119-121, 221
CJarllsle 189-190. 221
Carnlfex Ferry. 88, 89, 142-3, 221
Cedar Grove 118-119. 221
Columbia 162, 221
Columbia— 1.2 Miles S. 50* W 153-4, 221
Corliss— 1 Mile North.. 201. 221
Cotton Hill 180. 221
Oescent 144-5, 221
Index.
Page. Sections:
Danese 89
Deepwater 149, 221
Deltz 143. 221
Dingess, Mingo County, Ke-
vised 926-7
Divide 177-8, 221
Dogwood Ridge 88
Elk Ridge 155, 221
Fayetteville— 1.6 Miles
Northwest 183-4, 222
Gamoca 130-1. 222
Gauley Bridge — 1 Mile
Southeast 128-9, 222
Grandview — Royal
Harewood — % Mile Northwest 124, 222
Hickory Camp 88
Horseshoe Creek, Mouth of . . . .
House Branch of Bells Creek
Johnson Fork. Head of
Kanawha Falls 88
Kiniberly ............. 150-1, 222
Kingston 88. 166-9, 222
Kingston — 1.7 Miles West..
g0 213 222
Lively — i Mile Northeast. 89, 420
Macdonald 89
Manns Creek, Mouth of. . . .
Marting — % Mile Southeast
May wood — Aldrich Camp . . .
Meadowbridge — 1.5 Miles
Northwest B9
Meadow Creek Station
Meadow Creek — 1.5 Miles
North 89
Miller 89, 175, 222
Montgomery 88
Morris Creek 145-6, 222
Mt. Carbon 88, 147-8, 222
Mulvane — 1 Mile Southwest
North Point of Fayette
County 88
Nuttallburg 89, 179-80, 222
Page 88,162-3,222
Panther Mountain 141-2. 222
Sections: Page.
Peters Creek — 0.7 Mile South
of Mouth 88
Peters Creek, Mouth of . . . .
Potato Hill Knob. .88, 190-2, 223
Powellton 88, 158-61. 223
Powellton — 0.5 Mile Northwest 156-7, 223
Powellton Fork, Head of. .
Quinnimont — North Side...
'211. 223
Quinnimont — South Side. . . .
Rader Ford, Meadow River
Rainelle — 1 Mile Northwest 8i»
Ravenseye 200. 223
Royal 208. 223
Russellville 89. 176-7, 223
Schuyler Fork, Morris Creek
Sewell— 0.9 Mile South
Shawver Bridge 174-5, 223
Sievy Bridge Station. .204-5, 223
Sims Schoolhouse 203-4. 223
Smithers 121-2, 223
South Fayette Station
Sugar Creek of Laurel.. 185, 223
Terry 89, 207, 223
Thurmond 89
Turnlphole Mountain. . .220» 223 Turniphole Mountain — i/2
Mile Xortnwest 219, 223
Vanetta 88, 129-30. 223
Walnut Flat Schoolhouse. . .
Wlnlfrede Junction. .114-15, 223
Winona 89, 17S. 223
Wyndal — % Mile Southeast
Sections:
Greenbrier County 218
Kanawha County
Mingo County 286-9, 926-7
Nicholas County
Preston County 237
Raleigh County
Sections, Fayette County:
Falls District 113-14.T
Fayetteville District 180-195
Kanawha District 144-169
Mountain Cove District. .169-174
Quinnimont District 205-220
Sewell Mountain District. . 195-205
Index.
Page.
Sections, General:
Allegheny Series 98-99
Kanawha Group 100-106
Mauch Chunk Serien IIS
New River Group 106-10»
Pocahontas Group 109-111
Pottsville Series 100-111
Pottssville Series, llo vised.. 927-8
Sections, General and Special
Sections, Summary of 220-3
Seip, R. H 847
Selected Reservoir Sites. Kanawha River Basin 920
Semi-Centennial History of W. Va 9, 16, 916
Seth Limestone
102. 117. 118. 141. 163, 247, M», 279, 281. 282, 284, 386. 490, 925. 927, 928
Settle, J. E 125
Sevy. Geo. W 863
Sewell "A" Coal
Sewell ••B" Coal.*
S8. 89, lOS. 142. 148, 176, 179, 184, 187, 195, 201, 202. 204, 306^9, 387, 402, 403. 405, 409, 410, 412. 414, 415. 416. 420. 422. 423. 425. 426. 429. 436. 442. 414. 445. xxvi, xxxi
Sewell Coal
88. S9, 90. 92. 93, 94. 95. 108, 128, 137. 138. 142. 143, 168. 172, 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180, 181. 184. 187, 190. 192, 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201, 202. 203, 204. 215. 239. 273. 276. 278. 279. 294. 298. 304. 305. 307, 308. 309. 310-11, 312, 313, 314. 316, 317. 319. 321. 331. 334. 335, 352. 356. 357. 358. S59. 36'J. 370. 373. 375. 387. 388A, 388B. 38SC. 396. 397, 399, 401. 402. 40.1. 405. 406. 407. 408,
410. 411. 412. 413. 414. 41o. 416. 117. 418. 419. 420. 422. 423. 424. 425. 426. 427. 428. 429, 432. 438, 435. 43G. 437. 438. 439, 440. 441, 442. 443, 444. 445. 446. 447. 448. 656. 676.7!l6, 867, 875-7, 884.99, 897, xxiv. xxvi. xxvii. xxvili. xxx, xxxi. xxxii
Sewell Coal. Intervals Above and Below 89
Sowell Colliery Co.:
Production 379
Sewell Creek 34, 39
Pacre.
Sewell Mountain District:
Area 19
Bonds Voted for Roads 16
Detailed Boring Records..
Drainage Basins, Area 37-38
Lack of Test Wells 355-8
Minable Coals
Population 19
Prospective Oil and Gas
Areas 358-9
Road Mileage i6
Sections 196-205
Stratified Shales 907
Sewell — 0.9 Mile South Section 198. 223
Sewell Valley Railroad. 14-15, 33 «
Sewell Valley Railroad, Levels 933-4
Shady Spring District (Raleigh). Detailed Core Test Records 449-455
Shaffer. Leo 728
Shaft Mines 376
Shale:
Bolivar Fire Clay 98
Dingess 247-8
Dorothy 270
Douglas 275
Eagle 263-5
Gilbert 270
Hartridge Black 310
Kanawha Black Flint 233-4
Lower larger 304
Mauch Chunk Red 332-5
North Fork 330-1
Quinnimont 318
Rift 325
Royal 326-7
Sandy Huff 805
Upper larger 299
Shales. Stratified 906-7
Sharon (Upper and Lower Raleigh) Sandstone 239. 314
Shawver Bridge Section. 174-6, 22;^
Shonk-Garrison Coal Co. No. 1 Well (40) 841A
Shonk-Garrison Coal Co. No. 3 Well (41) 341A
Shoof ly Tunnel 307
Short Creek 38
Index
Page.
Shuck, G. A 791
Shuck, John Andrew, Opening
Shuck, T. A., Opening (613) ... 791 Shuck, T. A. Opening (614)... 792 Sievy Bridge Station Section
Sievy, Geo 820
Signal Knob Coal Co., Signal
Simington, F. J
Simmons Coal Ill, 330
Sims, M. J 347
Sims Schoolhouse Section. . . .
Sims Station — Boggs Knob
Section 218, 221
Sims, W. H., Opening (674).. 854 Sims. W. H., Prospect (264). 320-1 Sims. Wm., Opening (221)...
Site tot Brick Plant 905-7
Sites, Selected Reservoir, Kanawha River Basin 920
Slab Fork Coal
Slater Coal Co.. Slater Mine
Slater Mine Production 377
Smiley, S. A 724
Smith. David 791
Smith. Enoch 431
Smith, Enoch, No. B19 Core Test (88) 388B, 439-40
Smith. Enoch, No. B20 Core
Smith, Enoch, No. B23 Core
Smith, F. N 388B
Smith, H. 1 683, 706, 708
Smith, R. M ZOO
Smithers Creek 34. 38
Smithers Creek Branch, K.
& M. R. R 13
Smithers Section 121-2, 223
Smokeless Coal & Coke Co ... .
Page.
Smokeless Mine. Production. . 378
Smyth, James M 640
Snake Root Coal
Snyder, T. H 731
Solvay Collieries Co 165. 561
Solvay Collieries Co.:
Production 379
South Fayette Station Section
South Fenn Oil Co.. 341. 341A. 372 South Side Branch, C. & O.
R. R., Levels 931
South Side Co. Production 379
South Side Co.. Southside Mine (133)... 712-13. 876. 879. 886. 899
Species, List of 292-3
Spring Coal Co 562
Springdale Syncline 96. 368
Spurs, Minor Anticlinal 95
Squaw Sand
Squire Jim Coal Ill
Stages, River, Maximum, at
Charleston 6
Stages, River, Minimum, at
Charleston 7
Standard Thacker Coal Co. Mines 286, 288
Star Coal & Coke Co 388, 388B
Star Coal & Coke Co.:
Production 379
Star Nos. 1 and 2 Mines, Production 379
State Auditor 20
State Board of Control 22
State Road Engineer 909
Index.
Page. Statistics of Coal and Coke
Production 374-385
Staton Branch 3a
Steaming Tests:
Eagle Coal 631-3
Fire Creek Coal 802-5
No. 2 Gas Coal 544, 558-64
Powellton Coal 583-9
Sewell Coal 751-4, 773-4
Stephenson, Samuel 176
Stockton, Aaron 234
Stockton "A" Coal
Stockton Coal
Stockton Limestone
Stockton Limestone
Stone, Available 910-11
Stone, Building 909-11
Stone ClilT Coal & Coke Co.
Stone Cliff Coal & Coke Co.,
Production 379, 384
Stone Cliff Mine, Production..
Stonewall Coal & Coke Co.:
Stover, George 65
Stratified Rocks, Thickness. .221-3
Stratified Shales 906-T
Stratigraphy:
Allegheny Series 224-9
General and Special Sections ,
Kanawha Group 230-293
Mauch Chunk Series, Mlssissippian
332-5
New River Group 294-322
Pocahontas Group 323-331
Straughan, John 623
Stream Data, Table of 33-36
Structure, Contours, Blue
Structure Contours. Groon...
Structure Contours, Red
Structure, Detailed 90-96
Page. Structure, Method of Representing 86-90
Stuart Colliery Co.. 388, 38«A. 412 Stuart Colliery Co.:
Production 379
413. 72e-7. 876, 879, S87-S. 895 Stuart (Lochg<illy) Shaft Mine
(143) ...724-6, 876, 879, 887. 895 Sugar Camp Mine, Production 379 Sugar Creek Branch. K.. G. J.
Sugar Creek Coal & Coke Co.:
Production 379
Sugar Creek No. 1 Mine
(169).. 776-7. 876, 879. 891, S95 Sugar Creek No. 2 Mine
Sugar Creek Nos. 1 and 2
Mmes, Production 379
Sugar Creek of Uauloy River
Sugar Creek of Laurel Section 185, 223
Sugar Creek of New River. . . 35 Suitable Areas for Reforestation 923-4
Sulphur, Yield of 542
Summarized Records:
Coal Tests 3S5, 3S8
Coal Tests, Tables
Oil and Gas Wells 340-1
Oil and Gas Wells. Table.. 341A Summary of Available Coal by
Districts 867
Summary of Sections 220-3
Summerlee Mine, Production. . 379 Summerlee (Parral) Mine
413. 725, 726-7, 876. 879, 887-8, 895 Summerlee (Parral) Section. .
Summers County, Elevations yi'9
Summers County Well Records
Sun Coal & Coke Co 747
Sun Coal & Coke Co.:
747-763, 764. 876, 879. 881. S83, 889-90, 895, 897, 898
Index.
Page. Sun Coal & Coke Co.:
Sun Nos. 1, 2 and 3 Mines,
Production 378
Sunbeury Coal & Coke Co.,
Sunday Creek Coal & Coke Co. 502 Sunday Creek Coal & Coke Co.,
Sunday Creek Coal Co
a88A, 501, 508, 617
Sunday Creek Coal Co.:
Production 379, 384
Sunday Creek Co 501
Sunday Oeek Co. No. 1 Core
Sunday Creek Co., No. 2 Core
6«l-5, 884, 895
Surface Formation, Present. . . 97
Suttle. J. M 852, 863
Syncline, Clifftop 92-93
Syncline, Lawton 93-94
Syncline, Sprliigdale 95
Synclines 91
Tables Showing:
Area of County by Districts 19
Average Gauge Reading of Kanawha River by Months 8
Average G-auge Reading of Kanawha River by Tears 9
Coal and Coke Analyses. 869-903
Coal and Coke Production by Mines (1916) 377-9
Core Tests 388 A, 388B. 388C
Data Concerning Locks and Dams in Katiawha River 3
Days Navigation Suspended on Kanawha River t
Enrollment at Preparatory Branch, W. Va. University 23
Gaging Records, Gauley River 68-75
Gaging Records, Kanawha River 41-42
Gaging Records, Meadow River 75-83
Gaging Records. New River.44-66
Indicated H. P. Developed by Gauley River 917
Indicated H. P. Developed by Gauley River Tributaries 918
Page. Tables Showing:
Indicated H. P. Developed by Ncw-Kanawha River. . 916
Indicated H. P. Developed by New-Kanawh& River Minor Tributaries 919
Invertebrate Fossils from Pottsville Series 281-2
Marine Fossil Horizons. Kanawha Group 279-80
Maximum River Stages. Charleston 6
Minable Coal Beds 385
Normal Monthly. Seasonal and Annual Temperature and Precipitation at BecKley 31
Normal Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Temperature and Precipitation at Pow-elton 30
Number of Mines by Coai Beds 375
Oil and Gas Zones in W. Va 337-8
Order of Production of Coal by Counties 380
Order of Production of Coke by Counties 882
Papulation of County by Districts 19
Population of Unincorporated Villages 28-29
Production of Coke by Companies (1916) 384
Production of Coke by Counties (1916) 381
Property Valuation 20
Rainfall at Charleston.... 6
Range and Distribution of Fossils 281-2
Road Mileage by Districts. . 16
Sandstone Quarries 910
Selected Reservoir Sites, Kanawha River Basin... 920
Stream Data 33-35
Summary of Available Coal 867
Thickness in Feet of Stratifled Rocks 221-3
Well Records 341A
Table 1 — Coal Analyses by W.
Va. Geological Survey
Table 2 — Coke Analyses by W.
Va. Geological Survey
Table 3 — Coal Analyses by U.
S. Geological Survey and U.
S. Bureau of Mines. .870. 883-894 Table 4 — Coal Analyses by IT.
S. Geological Survey. . .870, 897 Tar. Yield of 542
Index.
Page.
Taylor, James 24
Taylor. J. R. Cr 638, «89, 630
Taylor. R. C 556, 574
Taylor, Wm. H 785
Tazewell Folio (No. 44).. 100, 271 Technologic Branch, U. S.
Geological Survey 896 .
Teets, D. D., Jr
Temperature at Bockley 31
Temperature at Powellton... 30 Tenber, Joseph, Opening (347) 678
Terry Limestone
Terry Section 89, 207, 223
Tests, Briquet:
Plre Creek Coal 805-6, 841-4
Eagle Coal 631-3
Fire Creek Coal 802-5
No. 2 Gas Coal.. 544, 558-64
Powellton Coal 583-9
Sewell Coal 751-4, 773-4
Thacker Coal, Lower
Thacker Coal, Upper
Thayer & Butler Pennbrook
Thayer Coal & Coke Co
Thayer Coal & Coke Co.:
Thickness of Stratified Rocks
Third Salt Sand 350, 366, 367
Thirteenmile Creek, Indicated
H. P. Developed by 919
Thomas, Charles 745
Page. Thomas. Edward D., Prospect
Thomas. H. P 812
Thomas, S. B 911
Thompson, A. S 768
Thurmond Coal Co 717
Thurmond Coal Co. Ersklne
Thurmond, Description 27-28
Thurmond Section 89
Thurmond, W. D., Heirs 721
Tidewater Railway 13
Tincher, J. E 695
Tionesta Coal 238
Toensfeldt. Kurt 669, 672. 592
Toney, Harrison, Core Test
Toney, Wm... 661
Tonnage of Coal Available . .
Tonnage of Coal Mined 868
Topographic Features 84-85
Total Fall of Streams 38-36
Town District (Raleigh). Detailed Core Tests 482-442
Towns and Industries 21-29
Towns and Villages. Unincorporated 28-29
Transportation 2-I8
Transported Clay 905-6
Truck Farming 20
Tucker, R. C
19. 33, 37. 4T0. 480, 484. 488. 492. 498, 613, 677, 795. 850, 861, xxiv. xxxii Tuggles. Jno.. Core Test (40)
Turkey Creek 33
Turkey Creek Mine, Production 377. 384
Turkey Knob Coal & Coke Co.. Turkey Knob Mine (167).. 310, 770-1, 876, 879, 881, 882. 891, 895
Turkey Knob Coal Co., Production 379. 384
Turniphole Mountain — % Mile Northwejst Section 219, 223
Turniphole Mountain Section
Twentymile Creek, Indicated H. P. Developed by 918
Tj'pe Locality of Winifrede Limestone 286-293
Tyree, M. M qss
Unconformities and Absence of Faults 96
Unincorporated Towns and Villages 28-29
United Fuel Gas Co
Index.
Page.
United Mine Workers 485
874, 506, 508« 618, 639, 543. 557, 558. 582. 592. 618, 630, 631, 634. 645, 656, 682. 683. 685. 686, 687, 689, 690, 693, 694, 695. 696, 697. 698, 701. 706, 707. 708. 709. 710. 711. 712, 713, 715, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722. 725, 726. 727, 728. 732, 733, 734. 735. 737. 738. 739, 740, 741. 742, 74b, 744, 745. 746, 747. 748, 749, 750, 764. 766, 768, 769, 771, 772, 773, 776, 777, 778, 779, 780, 798, 799, 800, 801. 811, 818, 814. 815. 817. 822. 823. 824. 825. 826. 827, 832, 833. 834. 835. 836, 838. 840, 844. 846, 846, 847. 869, 870. 882-897, 898
U. S. Bureau of Mines. Tables of Coal Analyses 882-897
U. S. Census
U. S. Engineers 8, a. 40, *ii
U. S. Puel-Testing Plant. Norfolk. Va..699, 716, 736. 7*5. 801
U. S. F\iel-Testing Plant, "St. Louis. Mo 776
U. S. Geologrical Survey
846. 870. 882-897. 914. 915. xxx IT. S. Geological Survey.
Levels 936-946
U. S. Geological Survey. Tables of Coal Analyses. ..882-897 Unmlnable Coal Beds 385
Upper Cedar Grove Sandstone
Upper Coalburg Sandstone . . . 101. 114, 120. 122. 124. 125. 126. 132. 133, 141, 158. 170, 190. 835-6, 241, 287. 362. 910
Page.
Upper Connoquenesslng Sandstone 238. 239
Upper East Lynn Sandstone 88. 99. 114, 116, 118, 119, 124. 135. 136, 144, 145. 146. 225, 226, 227. 228. 361. 467. 910
Upper Preeport Coal 98, 237
Upper Freeport "Kidney" Iron
Ore 98
Upper Preeport Limestone. 98. 237 Upper Freeport Sandstone ... 99 Upper Gilbert Sandstone
Upper Hlnton Limestone 335
Upper larger Sandstone
Upper Klttanning Coal
Upper Klttanning "Rider" Coal 99
Upper Mercer? Coal
Upper Nuttall Sandstone
Upper Pocahontas Sand.stone 110. 210. 211. 219. 328, 329. 430, 866, xxix
Upper Raleigh Sandstone
911, 912. 913. xxvli. xxviil. xxxl Upper Thacker Coal
Upper War Eagle Coal
Upper Wlnifrede Sandstone..
Index.
Page.
Page.
Valuation. Property 20
Vandal. Abraham 21
Vandalia 21
Vanetta Section 88, 129-30, 223
Vanport LIme.stone 238
Vegetable Products 20
Victoria Coal & Coke Co.. 691, 712 Villages and Towns, Unincorporated 28-2!)
Virginia Central R. R 10
Virginian Railway 13-14
Virginian Railway, Levels... 933 Virginias, The... 310, 328, 329, 330
Vivian Sandstone Ill
Volume 1 363
Volume II
Volume III 904
Volume V 922
Vulcan Mine, Production. .378. 384
Wake Forest Anticline 91
Walker, Dr. John W., Digging
Walker, James (Nuttall Estate) Opening (125)
Walker. Milton E 855. 865
Walker. Milton E.. Prospect
Walkup, A. J 865
Walkup. A. J.. Opening (599). 804 Walnut Plat Schoolhouse Section 217, 223
Walters & Peter.9on 64. 74, 82
War Creek Coal
War Eagle Coal, Lower
War Eagle Sandstone. Lower
266, 268, 655 Ward Heirs No. 9 Well (25) 341A
Ware, Vernon 458
Warfield Coal
Warfleld Fault 928
Warren, John 552
Washing Tests of Powellton
Coal 599
Water-Power 913-922
Water-power, Available 914
Watcr-Power Resources of W.
Va 915
Water-Resources Branch of
U. S. Geological Survey 915
Water-supply Papers ....
40, 44. 46, "47, 49, 60, 61. 52. 53.
Water Ways 2-9
Way, K. M
341, 341A, 353. 366, 366, 367, 368.
Beckley 29-30
Weather Bureau Station at
Powellton 28-25
"SVeidmann, W. C 569. 672. 692
Weir Sand
J
Index.
Page. Weirwood Mine. Production.. 378 Weirwood Shaft Mine (174) 192, 195. 298, 423. 782-3. 876. 879
Welch Coal
Welch, M. B 622
Welch Sandstone
108. 179. 181. 203, 311, 312. 403. 406, 420, 424. 428, 431. 444, 772, xxvli, xxviii, xxxl Well Records and Prospective
Areas 340-373
Wells by Nos. :
6A 341A, 344. 349
9
11
13A 341A, 347-8
14.. 167. 159-161. 341A. 862-3, 364 15 339, 341A. 353
17B 341A, 357-8
West Penn Oil Co 341. 341A
W. Va. Coal Land Co 639
W. Va. Department of Mines
W. Va. Oil and Gas Horizons. 336-8 W. Va. Oil and Gas Zones, Table 337-8
Page. W. Va. University. Preparatory Branch 22-23
Whipple Mine, Production... 379 Whipple Shaft Mine (157)...
Whitaker. R. B
549. 550, 605. 637, 638. 642, 643 White, Charles, Core Test (94)
White, David
White. I. C
115, 138, 144. 146, 170. 208, 225, 226, 228, 230, 231. 233, 234, 235, 236, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244. 245, 249. 251, 253, 255, 256, 257. 260, 262. 263, 266. 272, 274. 276, 279, 294, 295, 299, 310, 312, 313. 315. 317. 318. 319. 320, 322, 323, 325. 327. 328, 329, 330. 363, 413, 464. 465, 466, 468, 477, 478. 601, 503, 505, 507, 508. 609, 510. 511. 612. 614. 615. 622, 523. 524. 526, 626, 527, 528, 629, '530, 532, 538, 667, 675. 582, 601, 602, 603. 617, 618, 623. 624. 626. 626. 630, 637, 644. 646. 666. 675, 680, 683, 684. 685, 686, 688, 689, 691. 693, 694. 696. 698. 700, 705, 706, 707. 709. 711. 712, 713, 714. 715, 717, 719, 720, 721, 722, 724, 726, 726, 727. 728, 730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 73'6, 738. 740. 741, 742, 743, 744. 745, 747. 748, 749, 764, 766, 767. 770, 772, 776, 777, 778, 779, 780, 788, 799, 800. 810. 811. 812. 813. 815. 816. 817, 818, 821, 822, 823. 824, 825. 826. 828. 829. 831. 832, 833. 834, 836, 837. 841. 845, 846
White Oak Branch, C. & O. R. R 12-13
White Oak Branch. C. & O.
R. R.. Levels 931
White. W. H 65
Whitehead. John 731. 733
Whiteoak Creek 35
Whiteoak Fuel Co.:
Production 379