Hydraulic and channel characteristics of selected streams in the Kantishna Hills area, Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 1982-84

Van Maanen, J.L., Solin, G. L. · 1988 · Report

The Kantishna Hills area of the Denali National Park and Preserve contains extensive placer gold deposits. In order to develop plans for the management of

This 1988 document, Hydraulic and channel characteristics of selected streams in the Kantishna Hills area, Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 1982-84, is preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library for research and reference. Original source: pubs.usgs.gov.

HYDRAULIC AND CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED STREAMS IN THE KANTISHNA HILLS AREA, DENALI NATAIONAL PARK AND PRESERVE, ALASKA, 1982-84 By James L. Van Maanen and Gary L. Solin U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 88-325 This investigation was conducted under the terms of an Interagency Agreement (No. 9700-3-0005) between the National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey. The National Park Service sponsored the investigation and provided financial assistance to the U.S. Geological Survey. Anchorage, Alaska

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional information write to: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Division 4230 University Drive, Suite 201 Anchorage, Alaska 99508-4664 Copies of this report can be purchased from: U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Reports Section Box 25425 Federal Center Denver, Colorado 80225

CONTENTS Page Abstract Introduction Data collection and methods Summary and conclusions Suggestions for additional study Selected references Study reach 1: Caribou Creek Study reach 2: Glacier Creek near airstrip Study reach 3: Glacier Creek Pond Study reach 4: Glacier Creek Study reach 5: Bearpav River Study reach 6: Moose Creek above North Fork Moose Creek A3 Study reach 7: North Fork Moose Creek above Willow Creek Study reach 8: Glen Creek Study reach 9: North Fork Moose Creek near mouth Study reach 10: Jumbo Creek Study reach 11: Rainy Creek Study reach 12: Moose Creek Study reach 13: Moose Creek below Friday Creek Study reach 14: Moose Creek below Lower Canyon CONVERSION TABLE For readers who may prefer to use metric (International System) units rather than inch-pound units, the conversion factors for the terms used in this report are listed below: Multiply inch-pound unit by To obtain metric unit inch (in.) millimeter (mm) foot (ft) meter (m) mile (mi) kilometer (km) square inch (in2 ) square centimeter (cm2 ) cubic foot per second (ft 3 /s) cubic meter per second (m3 /s) NOTES RIGHT AND LEFT BANKS: These terms describe the streambanks as viewed looking downstream. NUMBERING OF CROSS SECTIONS: Cross sections are numbered consecutively in a downstream order. THALWEG: Thalweg is the line connecting the lowest or deepest points along a streambed, whether under water or not. CONTOUR INTERVAL: Topographic contours on plan views are referenced to arbitrary datum.

HYDRAULIC AND CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED STREAMS IN THE KANTISHNA HILLS AREA, DENALI NATIONAL PARK AND PRESERVE, ALASKA, 1982-84 By James L. Van Maanen and Gary L. Solin ABSTRACT The Kantishna Hills area of the Denali National Park and Preserve contains extensive placer gold deposits. In order to develop plans for the management of this natural resource, and to assess the effects of placer mining on aquatic systems, a documentation of the physical characteristics of the streams in the area is needed. Channel morphology, streamflow and streambed composition data were collected at 14 stream reaches in the Kantishna Hills area in September 1982 and in June, July, August, and September of 1983 and 1984. The reaches selected include locations of historical and current mining activity and locations which are undisturbed. The data indicate only minor differences in the physical properties of the streams in mined and unmined drainage basins. The composition of streambeds below mined areas tended to consist of finer sized particles and exhibited less variation in mean particle size than streambeds in unmined basins. This may be due in part to the natural sorting of material in stream channels because mined areas, and thus study reaches below them, tended to be located relatively farther downstream (nearer the stream mouth) than were study reaches in basins where no mining has occurred. Changes in the physical properties of the streams which could be directly attributed to mining activity were noted at only one location, Rainy Creek near Kantishna, where the stream had been diverted from its natural channel by the construction of settling ponds. INTRODUCTION The Kantishna Hills is a group of low-lying hills located directly north of the boundary of the former Mount McKinley National Park, and is now located within Denali National Park and Preserve (map 1). There are more than 200 placer mining claims in the Kantishna Hills area. The National Park Service is concerned that placer mining activity could result in changes in streambed composition, either by erosion or deposition, that would adversely affect fish and wildlife habitat in streams. In order to evaluate the potential effect of placer mining on aquatic systems in the Kantishna Hills as part of the development of alternative mineral management plans, the National Park Service requested that the U.S Geological Survey collect data on the physical properties of streams in the area. The objective of the Geological Survey's data-collection program was to document current streamflow characteristics, channel morphology, and streambed composition of selected streams in the Kantishna Hills. The compilation and presentation of those data in graphs and tables in this report provide a basis for determining subsequent changes due to man's activity or natural processes.

HCALY DENALI NATIONALARK AND PRESERVE 151" 00' 150" 45' H63°45' 63" 30' Map 1.-Location of study area and index to reach location maps. CANTWELL

DATA COLLECTION AND METHODS Data collection began In September 1982 and was concluded In September 1984. Study reaches were established at 14 sites In the Kantishna Hills area (map 2). Two reaches were established in 1982, ten in 1983 and two in 1984. The study reach locations were selected on the basis of field reconnaissance and National Park Service needs. Reaches were selected so that streamflow events and changing sediment loads would be reflected by adjustment of channel configuration and streambed composition. Reaches in canyons and those containing many large boulders or bedrock were avoided. Where possible, straight or nearly straight, single channel reaches containing well-defined pool and riffle sequences, and cross sections that could be waded at higher flows were selected. Study reaches were numbered in downstream order with reach 1 being the most upstream reach. Reaches Include locations with current or historical mining activity and locations which are undisturbed by mining. Channel study reaches on streams in the Kantishna Hills area, Denali National Park and Preserve Reach No. Reach name and location Caribou Creek near Kantishna Glacier Creek near airstrip near Kantishna Glacier Creek Pond near Kantishna Glacier Creek near Kantiehna Bearpav River near Kantishna Moose Creek above North Fork Moose Creek near Date established 6/30/83 7/23/84 9/18/84 7/27/83 7/28/83 6/25/83 No. of cross sections Mining In basin Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Type of gage None None None None None Crest stage Kantlehna North Fork Moose Creek 6/27/83 No None above Willow Creek near Kantishna Glen Creek near 6/26/83 Yes Crest Kantlshna stage North Fork Moose Creek 6/26/83 Yes None near mouth near Kantishna Jumbo Creek near 6/27/83 No None Kantlehna Rainy Creek near 9/9/82 Yes None Kantiehna 6/24/83 Moose Creek near 7/1/83 Yes Staff Kantishna Moose Creek below Friday 9/10/82 Yes Crest Creek near Kantlehna 6/23/83 stage Moose Creek below Lover 6/28/83 Yes None Canyon near Kantlehna

R 18 W Ft 17 W 151° 00 CONTOUR INTERVAL 100 FEET NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929 Map 2A-2B.--Locations for Reaches 1 through 11 (Index to maps on map 1).

R 18 W R 17 W 63° 33' 150 55' CONTOUR INTERVAL 100 FEET NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929 151"05 R 18W 151° 00' Map 2C-2D.--Locations for Reaches 12,13 and 14 (Index to maps on map 1).

Measurements of water stage and stream discharge made at the study reaches were used to develop stage-discharge relations. Crest-stage gages were located at reaches 6, 8, and 13 for determination of peak stage. Peak stage at other reaches was determined from a survey of high-water marks when possible. A staff gage was installed at reach 12 and stage readings were made periodically. The staff gage readings at reach 12 were used to estimate mean daily discharges, which provide an index of the magnitude and variability of streamflow from the Kantishna Hills. Peak stage data were used to estimate peak flows at the various reaches. Transit-stadia surveys were made to determine channel geometry at 13 of the selected reaches. Permanent reference marks were established at an arbitrary datum for use in subsequent surveys. Streambed elevations were determined along three or four cross sections at most reaches and (or) at other locations in the reach. The survey points were referenced horizontally and vertically to the permanent reference marks. All surveys in a given reach were referenced to the same arbitrary vertical datum. Streambed composition was determined by particle counts of coarse material (4-2048 mm) and by sieve analysis of samples of finer material (0.062-256 mm). Particle counts were made using a method proposed by Wolman (1954). Bed material samples were collected from a surface area of 100 in2 using a 10-inch square template to confine the material to the required sampling area. Separate bed material samples were collected from the bed surface (armored layer) and the bed subsurface (from below the armored layer to a depth of 3 in.). Most of this report consists of tables, graphs, and a brief discussion of the data collected at each reach; a sketch map of each reach; and photographs of selected reaches. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Observations made over the 2-year study period showed no significant differences between stream channel configurations in mined and unmined drainage basins in the Kantishna Hills area. Variations in streambed elevation indicated by level surveys were within the limits expected for alluvial channels. The one exception was reach 11, Rainy Creek near Kantishna, where mining activity had diverted the stream from its natural channel and a new channel was being formed in the vegetated area on the left bank, resulting in considerable erosion of soil and damage to vegetation. Particle count data indicated that the average mean particle size tended to be finer in mined drainage basins (34 mm) compared to non-mined basins (65 mm). There was also less variation in the mean particle size in mined reaches (average variation 24 mm) versus unmined reaches (average variation 46 mm). These differences between mined and unmined drainages may be due, however, to the natural downstream sorting of material in stream channels, since mined study reaches tended to be located farther downstream in the drainage basin. Sieve analyses of bed material indicated the periodic deposition of fine material (<4 mm) at several of the study reaches. The deposition and subsequent scour of this fine material was noted in both mined and unmined reaches. The

difference in particle-size distribution between surface and subsurface layers in the streambed had some variation at both mined and unmined reaches. The surface layer tends to be coarser than the subsurface layer due to the winnowing of fine material and the tendency for larger particles to be forced to the surface during deposition (Leopold and others, 1954). Thus, the presence of surface material finer than subsurface material at a particular site may indicate either recent deposition, or an increase in the supply of fine material to the stream, or a lack of coarse material available for transport. Bed material samples collected at study reaches with mining activity in the basin had an average silt-clay (<0.062 mm) content of 1.8 percent and an average sand (0.062-1.0 mm) content of 16.A percent. Samples collected in unmined basins had an average silt-clay content of 0.5 percent and an average sand content of 8.1 percent. Study reaches in mined basins had average silt-clay contents which ranged from 0.1 percent to 4.4 percent and average sand contents ranging from 2.6 percent to 31.5 percent. Reaches in unmined basins had an average silt-clay content ranging from 0 percent to 1.3 percent and average sand contents from 3.0 percent to 17.3 percent. fit should be noted that bed material samples were collected only where the absence of very coarse material made such sampling possible and thus bed material data is not statistically representative of the entire study reach.] SUGGESTIONS FOR ADDITIONAL STUDY Future studies conducted to assess the effects of mining on aquatic systems would benefit from data that could be obtained through efforts concentrated on a smaller number of selected reaches. Continuous streamflow records are needed to relate changes in channel configuration and bed elevation to sediment transport, erosion and deposition. Suspended sediment and statistically representative fine (<4 mm) bed material data would also be valuable in drawing comparisons between mined and unmined stream reaches. SELECTED REFERENCES Leopold, L.B., Wolman, M.G., and Miller, J.R., 1964, Fluvial sediment processes in geomorphology: W.H. Freeman and Co., p. 210-212. National Park Service, 1983, Draft Environmental Impact Statement Denali National Park and Preserve, Kantishna Hills/Dunkle Mine Area, Alaska: 215 p. Wolman, M.G., 1954, A method of sampling coarse river bed material: Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, v. 35, no. 6, p. 951-956.

STUDY REACH 1: CARIBOU CREEK NEAR KANTISHNA LOCATION. Lat 63°40'07", Long 150°55 f 59", in SWjSWj Sec. 30, T.14S., R.17W., Hydrologic Unit 19030000, in Denali National Park and Preserve, 3.2 mi upstream from mouth, 4.3 mi south of Glacier, and 9.9 mi north of Kantishna. Three cross sections were established at 80-foot intervals within a total reach length of approximately 160 ft. The reach is mostly riffles and is about 60 ft wide. Vegetation on both banks consists of small trees and brush. Very little change in channel configuration was noted during the study period. Particle-size data for 1983 showed no significant changes. Particle-count data for July 3, 1984 indicated a decrease in particle size throughout the reach; bed material samples collected on this date showed a finer surface layer and a coarser subsurface layer than did previous samples. However, the particle-size data for samples collected on the next visit to the reach on September 17, 1984 showed a distribution consistent with the 1983 samples, which indicated that the change noted in July 1984 was a temporary condition. Table 1A. Summary of data collected: Reach 1 Meas. Peak data Particle-size data Date disch. Stage Disch. Cross section (ft 3 /s) (ft) (ft 3 /s) No. Survey Particle count Bed material samples 6/30/83 8/10/83 7/3/84 95.09 1,660

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Surf-subsurf Yes None Yes None Yes None Yes None Yes None Yes Surf-subsurf No None Yes Surf-subsurf Yes Surf-subsurf Yes None Yes Surf-subsurf

Table IB. Particle count data: Reach 1 Date of collection June 30, 1983 Aug. 10, 1983 July 3, 1984 Sept. 17, 1984 Date of Cross collection section June 30, 1983 July 3, 1984 Sept. 17, 1984 Cross section Table 1C Bed material (particle count) Percent finer than size indicated, in millimeters

.--Bed material sample analysis data: Sampling station (in feet from reference Sample mark) type Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Bed Percent finer 0.062 0.125

0.25 0.50 Reach 1 material than size (sieve analysis) indicated, In millimeters

CONTOUR INTERVAL 1 FOOT June-August, 1983 Figure lA.-Plan view and location of cross sections at study reach 1: Caribou Creek near Kantishna. -Q OOC 92 uJS 91 June30, 1983 July 3, 1984 September 17, 1984 DISTANCE DOWNSTREAM FROM INITIAL POINT ON CROSS SECTION 1,IN FEET Figure IB.-Thalweg profile at study reach 1: Caribou Creek near Kantishna.

June 30,1983 - August 10, 1983 July 3, 1984 September 17, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 1C.-Cross section 1 at study reach 1: Caribou Creek near Kantishna. LU O 96 m June 30, 1983

-- August 10, 1983 July 3, 1984 September 17, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure ID.-Cross section 2 at study reach 1: Caribou Creek near Kantishna.

oc t m DC O CD fc Z

O June 30, 1983 August 10, 1983 July 3. 1984 September 17, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure lE.-Cross section 3 at study reach 1: Caribou Creek near Kantishna. Figure IF.-View upstream from cross section 3, June 30,1983.

1,000 Average of cross sections 1 and 3 June 30, 1983 August 10, 1983 JulyS, 1984 September 17,1 984 D5o 57mm D50 43mm DSQ 45mm CROSS SECTION 1 June 30,1983 Surface DSQ 49.0mm Subsurface 050 12.5mm JulyS, 1984 Surface DSQ 45.0mm Subsurface D$Q 43.0mm September 17, 1984 Surface D$Q 88mm Subsurface 059 11.5mm CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICLES FINER THAN INDICATED SIZE Figure 1G.~ Particle-size distribution (particle-count method) of bed material at study reach 1: Caribou Creek near Kantishna. Figure IH.-Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material at study reach 1: Caribou Creek near Kantishna.

STUDY REACH 2: GLACIER CREEK NEAR AIRSTRIP NEAR KANTISHNA LOCATION. Lat 63°37 f 03", Long 150°56 f 42", in SWfcNEj, Sec.13, T.15S., R.18W., Hydrologic Unit 19030000, in Denali National Park and Preserve, 4.3 mi upstream from Flat Creek, 7.2 mi upstream from mouth, 7.7 mi south of Glacier, and 6.3 mi north of Kantishna. The established reach is approximately 340 ft long. On the two dates of channel surveys at this reach, July 22 and September 16, 1984, flow was in two channels separated by a well-established bar. The streambed was being actively mined during the study period. The second survey showed a minor amount of scour in the left bank channel at cross section 1 and a small amount of fill in the left channel at cross sections 2 and 3. The right bank channel showed very little change in the 2 months between the surveys, and the reach as a whole experienced no significant change in channel configuration. The two sets of particle-count data indicated only minor changes in the size distribution within each channel, although the right channel contained coarser material than the left channel. There was considerable variation in the size distribution of bed material samples from both channels, indicating the movement of fine (<256 mm) material through the reach. Table 2A. Summary of data collected: Reach 2 Meas. Peak data Particle-size data Date disch. Stage Disch. Cross section (ft 3 /s) (ft) (ft 3 /s) No. Survey Particle count Bed material samples 7/22-237 9/18/84 Yes Yes Surf-subsurf Yes No None Yes Yes Surf-subsurf Yes Yes Surf-subsurf Yes No None Yes Yes Surf-subsurf

Table 2B.-Particle count data: Reach 2 [ch, channel] Date of collection July 23, 1984 Sept. 16, 1984 Cross section Left ch. Right ch. Average Left ch. Right ch. Average Left ch. Right ch. Average Left ch. Right ch. Average Bed material (particle count) Percent finer than size Indicated, in millimeters

Table 2C.--Bed material sample analysis data: Reach 2 Date of Cross collection section July 23, 1984 Sept. 16, 1984 Sampling station (in feet from reference Sample mark) type Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Bed Percent finer 0.062 0.125

jj BO

material than size

100 FEET CONTOUR INTERVAL 1 FOOT July 22, 1984 Figure 2A.~ Plan view and location of cross sections at study reach 2: Glacier Creek near airstrip near Kantishna.

July 22,1984 Right Channel July 22, 1984 Left Channel September 16, 1984 Right Channel September 16, 1984 Left Channel DISTANCE DOWNSTREAM FROM INITIAL POINT ON CROSS SECTION 1, IN FEET Figure 2B.--Thalweg profile at study reach 2: Glacier Creek near airstrip near Kantishna. OC H CD OC tuiu. z

O

UI July 22,1984 September 16, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 2C.~Cross section 1 at study reach 2: Glacier Creek near airstrip near Kantishna.

H CD LT LUg 92 CD 88 LU July 22,1984 September 16,1984 July 22, 1984 September 16, LEFT CHANNEL RIGHT CHANNEL DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 2D.--Cross section 2 at study reach 2: Glacier Creek near airstrip near Kantishna. H2 94 DCt DC LU O CD

--July 22,1984 September 16,1984 DISTANCE IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 2E.--Cross section 3 at study reach 2: Glacier Creek near airstrip near Kantishna.

1,000 July 23. 1984 1 Average of all cross sections 2 Right channel 3 Left channel September 17, 1984 4 Average of all cross sections 5 Right channel 6 Left channel CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICLES FINER THAN INDICATED SIZE Figure 2F.-Particle-size distribution (particle-count method) of bed material at study reach 2: Glacier Creek near airstrip near Kantishna.

Cross section 1, left channel, station 90 July 23, 1984 1 Surface DSQ 22mm 2 Subsurface D 8.2mm September 16, 1984 3 Surface 059 6.7 mm r Cross section 1, right channel July 23, 1984 (Station 363) 1 Surface D$Q 22mm 2 Subsurface DSQ 10mm September 16, 1981 (Station 365) 3 Surface D$Q 62mm 4 Subsurface D 58mm CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICLES FINER THAN INDICATED SIZE Figure 2G.- Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material at Figure 2H.Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material at study reach 2: Glacier Creek near airstrip near Kantishna. study reach 2: Glacier Creek near airstrip near Kantishna.

NJ NJ Cross section 3, left channel July 23, 1984 (Station 12) 1 Surface 059 0.13mm 2 Subsurface 050 0.14mm September 16, 1984 (Station 24) 3 Surface D$Q 2.5mm 4 Subsurface D$Q - 0.32mm Cross section 3, right channel, station 235 July 23, 1984 1 Surface D$Q 44mm 2 Subsurface D$Q 72mm September 16, 1984 3 Surface DSQ 38mm 4 Subsurface 27mm CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICLES FINER THAN INDICATED SIZE Figure 21.- Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material at Figure 2 J.- Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material at study reach 2: Glacier Creek near airstrip near Kantishna. study reach 2: Glacier Creek near airstrip near Kantishna.

STUDY REACH 3: GLACIER CREEK POND NEAR KANTISHNA LOCATION. Lat 63°37 f 13", Long 150°57 f 01", in NWjNEj, Sec.13, T.15S., R.18W., Hydrologic Unit 19030000, in Denali National Park and Preserve, 4.0 mi upstream from Flat Creek, 7.0 mi upstream from mouth, 7.5 mi south of Glacier, and 6.5 mi north of Kantishna. Reach 3 is a settling pond located between study reaches 2 and 4. Only one survey of the pond area was made. Analysis of bed material samples indicated the presence of fine material in the streambed upstream of the pond coffer dam, and that bed material became progressively coarser with distance downstream from the pond. Table 3A. Summary of data collected: Reach 3 Date Sept. 18, Location in reach (fig. 3A) BB K M T Bed material Surface Yes Yes Yes Yes sample data Subsurface Yes No No No Table 3B.--Bed material sample analysis data: Reach 3 Date of collection Sept. 18, 1984 Sampling point BB BB K M T Sampling station (in feet from reference mark) Surface Subsurf Surface Surface Surface Bed material (sieve analysis) Percent finer than size indicated,

in millimeters

100 FEET CONTOUR INTERVAL 1 FOOT September 18, 1984 Surveyed Point RM 1 RM2 A B D E F G H J K M N O P Q R S T U w Y z AA BB Elevation Surveyed point Sampling point Reference mark A Instrument station Figure 3A.-Plan view of study reach 3: Glacier Creek Pond near Kantishna.

September 18, 1984 1 Point BB Surface 43mm 2 Point BB Subsurface Den 30mm 5 Point T Surface D50 20mm 3 Point K Surface 0.77mm ,4 ' 4 Point M Surface ; 0.14mm I I CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICLES FINER THAN INDICATED SIZE Figure 3B.-Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material: Glacier Creek Pond near Kantishna.

STUDY REACP 4: GLACIER CREEK NEAR KANTISHNA LOCATION. Lat 63°38'1A", Long ISO'SS'Sl", in SWjSEj Sec.2, T.15S., R.18W., Hydrologic Unit 19030000, in Denali National Park and Preserve, 2.6 mi upstream from Flat Creek, 6.0 mi upstream from mouth, 6. A mi south of Glacier, and 7.8 mi north of Kantishna. Four cross sections were established in reach A, which has a total length of approximately 250 ft. The channel bends to the right (moving downstream) throughout the reach and pool-riffle sequences are repeated along the entire reach. Channel width averages about 50 ft between vegetated banks. The left bank is steep and slumping, while the right bank slopes gently to thick brush and small trees bordering the active channel. Cross-section surveys showed no changes in channel configuration, but indicated a slight aggradation of the lower end of the reach over the study period. Particle-count data showed that the streambed particle size became progressively coarser during the period of data collection. Table AA. Summary of data collected: Reach A Date 7/2/8A Meas. Peak data disch. Stage Disch. (ft 3 /s) (ft) (ft 3 /s) Cross section No. Survey Particle-size data Particle Bed material count samples 7/27/83

A Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes None None None None 9/15- 9/16/8A 22.0 1A5.55 1A3.87 1A2.60 1A1.87 380 Yes Yes Surf-subsurf Yes Yes None Yes Yes None A Yes Yes Surf-subsurf Yes Yes Surf-subsurf Yes Yes None Yes Yes Surf-subsurf A Yes Yes Surf-subsurf

Table AB. Particle count data: Reach A Date of collection July 27, 1983 July 2, 1984 Sept. 15, 198A Cross section A A A Bed material (particle count) Percent finer than size Indicated, In millimeters A 2A A2 AO 3A A7 A9 Al 3A A5 Al 5A AA A3 A3 Al 6A 7A

Table 4C.--Bed material sample analysis data: Reach 4 Sampling station (in feet from Date of collection July 2, 1984 Sept. 15, 1984 Cross section reference mark) Sample type Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Bed material (sieve analysis) Percent finer 0.062 0.125

than

size

indicated,

in millimeters

60 FEET CONTOUR INTERVAL 1 FOOT July 27, 1983 Figure 4A.--Plan view and location of cross sections at study reach 4: Glacier Creek near Kantishna.

Thalweg Elevation, In Feet. Above Arbitrary Datum

ELEVATION, IN FEET, ABOVE ARBITRARY DATUM TO w fD TO a fD P Otr O P" o Oz o O U) V)

§

DC 145 m DC m O 144 ? 143 UJ 142 m July 27, 1983

July 2,1984 September 15, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 4D.-Cross section 2 at study reach 4: Gkcier Creek near Kantishna. 5D O

DC DCt m or UJ O 143 m July 27, 1983 July 2,1984 September 15, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 4E.-Cross section 3 at study reach 4: Glacier Creek near Kantishna.

g 143 July 27, 1983 July 2,1984 September 15, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 4F.-Cross section 4 at study reach 4: Glacier Creek near Kantishna.

1,000 Average of all cross sections July 27. 1983 Dgo July 2, 1984 D5Q September 15 1984 D 23.5mm ; 29.5mm ! 32.5mm Average of cross sections 1 and 4 July 2, 1984 Surface D5Q 40mm Subsurface D5Q 29mm September 15, 1984 Surface Dcrt 71mm 4 Subsurface '50 >50 - 21mm CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICLES FINER THAN INDICATED SIZE Figure 4G.-Particle-size distribution (particle-count method) of bed material at study reach 4: Glacier Creek near Kantishna. Figure 4H.Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material at study reach 4: Glacier Creek near Kantishna.

STUDY REACH 5: BEARPAW RIVER NEAR KANTISHNA LOCATION. Lat 63°43'44", Long 150°57'58", in NWjSWj Sec.l, T.14S., R.18W., Hydrologic Unit 19030000, in Denali National Park and Preserve, 0.4 mi downstream from Glacier Creek, and 14.1 mi north of Kantishna. Reach 5 includes three cross sections at 160-foot intervals for a total reach length of 320 ft. The left bank is nearly vertical, and the right bank gently sloping. Both banks are covered by trees and dense, small shrubs. Channel width averages 250 ft between the vegetated banks. Cross-section surveys defined no changes in channel configuration, although minor changes in thalweg elevation were noted in all cross sections. Particle-count data indicated a trend of decreasing mean particle size over the study period. Sieve analysis of bed material samples showed a large variation in particle size between different locations within the reach, with the right bank containing generally finer material than the left bank. For a given location (station on a cross section), however, most analyses indicated a very minor increase in particle size between the two sampling dates. Table 5A. Summary of data collected: Reach 5 Meas. Peak data Date disch. Stage Disch. (ft 3 /s) (ft) (ft 3 /s) Particle-size data Cross section Particle Bed material No. Survey 7/28/83 6/30/84 8/11/84 185.4 6,400 182.24 810 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes None No None Yes None Yes Surf-subsurf Yes None Yes Surf-subsurf Yes Surf-subsurf Yes None Yes Surf-subsurf

Table 5B. Particle count data: Reach 5 Date of Cross collection section July 28, 1983 June 30, 1984 Aug. 11, 1984 Bed material (particle Percent finer than size in millimeters Table 5C.--Bed material sample analysis data: Sampling station (In feet from Date of Cross collection section June 30. 1984 Aug. 11, 1984 reference mark) Sample type Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Subsurf Surface Subsurf Subsurf Subsurf Subsurf Surface Subsurf count) indicated, Reach 5 Bed material (sieve analysis) Percent finer 0.062 0.125 0.25

than size Indicated, , In millimeters

CONTOUR INTERVAL 1 FOOT July 28, 1983 Figure 5A.--Plan view and location of cross sections at study reach 5: Bearpaw River near Kantishna.

u. D

T 28. 1983 -- June 30. 1984 August 11.1984 DISTANCE DOWNSTREAM FROM INITIAL POINT ON CROSS SECTION 1. IN FEET Figure 5B.--Thalweg profile at study reach 5: Bearpaw River near Kantishna. m 186

Hi

Om fc Hi July 28, 1983 June 30, 1984 August 11, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 5C.--Cross section 1 at study reach 5: Bearpaw River near Kantishna.

Cd Qc

UJ O 182 CD July 28, 1983 June 30, 1984

August 11, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 5D.-Cross section 2 at study reach 5: Bearpaw River near Kantishna. O QC °£ 184 m QC UJ O 182 UJ UJ O Hy ns July 28,1983

June 30, 1984 August 11, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 5E.--Cross section 3 at study reach 5: Bearpaw River near Kantishna.

N in H oc Average of cross sections 1 and 3 July 28. 1983 D50 28mm June 30. 1984 August 11, 1984 '50 >50 24mm 10mm CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICLES FINER THAN INDICATED SIZE Figure 5F. --Particle-size distribution (particle-count method) of bed material at study reach 5: Bearpaw River near Kantishna.

l±N V) ID O Cross section 3 June 30, 1984 Cross section 1 June 30,1984 Station 70 Station 75 Surface Dg0 91mm Subsurface DgQ 25mm Station 190 Surface Dg0 0.71mm Subsurface DgQ 6.6mm August 11,1984 Station 75 5 Surface DgQ 94mm 6 Subsurface DgQ 26mm Station 190 Surface D5Q 0.25mm 8 Subsurface DgQ 6.0mm August 11, 1984 Station 70 Surface DgQ -110mm 8 Subsurface DgQ 62mm CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICLES FINER THAN INDICATED SIZE Figure 5G.--Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material at study reach 5: Bearpaw River near Kantishna. Figure 5R--Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material at study reach 5: Bearpaw River near Kantishna.

STUDY REACH 6: MOOSE CREEK ABOVE NORTH FORK MOOSE CREEK NEAR KANTISHNA LOCATION. Lat 63°3r05", Long 150°43 T 44", in NEjNWj Sec.19, T.16S., R.16W., Hydrologic Unit 19030000, in Denali National Park and Preserve, 800 ft upstream from North Fork Moose Creek, and 7.2 mi east of Kantishna. Reach 6 is 305 ft long; the channel is contracting for the entire length. Four cross sections were established at approximately 100-foot intervals. Channel width between vegetated banks decreases downstream from about 150 ft at cross section 1 to about 70 ft at cross section 4. Cross sections 1 and 2 have gently sloping banks with well-defined flood channels. Flow is in multiple channels at sections 1 and 2. Cross sections 3 and 4 have gently sloping left banks and are confined by steep bedrock on their right banks. Flow is in one channel at sections and Cross section surveys showed no changes in channel configuration, but did indicate movement of material in all cross sections and approximately 1 ft of fill in the right bank channel of cross section 2. Bed material size was coarser (d50=37mm) at the time of the initial particle count, June 25, 1983, than for subsequent samples (d50=24-27mm). Sieve analysis of bed material samples showed considerable variation in size distribution between sampling points within the reach. There was also a large variation in the composition of samples collected at the same point over the study period, indicating the movement of fine (<128mm) material in the channel. Table 6A.--Summary of data collected: Reach 6 [CSG, crest-stage gage] Meas. Peak dsta Particle-size data Date disch. Stage Disch. Cross section Particle Bed material 6/25/83 6/30/83 7/26/83 7/29/83 9/16/83 6/28/84 7/2/84 7/24/84 8/13/84 9/13-14 /84 (fts /s) (ft)

.

No. 3 CSG 3 CSG

3 CSG 3 CSG 3 CSG Survey Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes count Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes samples Surf-subsurf None None None None None None Surf-subsurf None None None Surf-subeurf Surf-subsurf None Surf-subsurf None None None None Surf-subsurf Surf-subsurf None Surf-subsurf

Table 6B.Particle count data: Reach 6 Date of Bed material (particle count) Cross Percent finer than size Indicated, In millimeters collection aectlon June 25, Sept. 16, June 28, Sept. 13, Sept. 14,

Table 6C.--Bed material sample analysis data: Reach 6 Sampling station (In feet from Date of collection June 25, 1983 Sept. 16, 1983 June 28, 1984 Sept. 13, 1984 Sept. 14, 1984 Cross section reference mark) Sample type Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surf ACC Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Bed material (sieve analysis) Percent finer

.

.

than size indicated, 3? , in millimeters

100 FEET CONTOUR INTERVAL 1 FOOT June 25, 1983 Crest stage gage Figure 6A.-Plan view and location of cross sections at study reach 6: Moose Creek above North Fork Moose Creek near Kantishna.

June 25, 1983 September 16. 1983 June 28,1984 - September 13-14, 1984 DISTANCE DOWNSTREAM FROM INITIAL POINT ON CROSS SECTION 1. IN FEET Figure 6B.-Thalweg profile at study reach 6: Moose Creek above North Fork Moose Creek near Kantishna. Figure 6C.-View downstream from cross section 1, June 25,1983.

.June 25, 1983 -September 16, 1983 -June 28,1984 "September 14,1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 6D.--Cross section 1 at study reach 6: Moose Creek above North Fork Moose Creek near Kantishna. O

Dc

OC H DC June 26, 1983 __1-September 16, 1983 June 28,1984

- September 14, 198420 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 6E.-Cross section 2 at study reach 6: Moose Creek above North Fork Moose Creek near Kantishna.

r 00r

Average of all cross sections June 25, 1983 D50 36mm September 16, 1983 D50 24mm June 28, 1984 D50 26mm September 13-14, 1984 D50 27mm

CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICLES FINER THAN INDICATED SIZE Figure 6H.-Particle-size distribution (particle-count method) of bed material at study reach 6: Moose Creek above North Fork Moose Creek near Kantishna.

'Cross section 1 Station 140 June 25,1983 Station 130 June 28,1984 Surface Subsurface 1 6mm September 13, 1984 9 Surface 48mm 10 Subsurface June 28,1984 Cross section 2 1 Surface DgQ 95mm 2 Subsurface DgQ 21 mm Cross section 4 3 Surface DgQ 20mm 4 Subsurface DgQ 9.5mm September 13,1984 Cross section 2 5 Surface DgQ 0.15mm 6 Subsurface DgQ 9.8mm September 14, 1984 Cross section 4 7 Surface DgQ 34mm 8 Subsurface DgQ 20mm CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICLES FINER THAN INDICATED SIZE Figure 61. -Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material at study reach 6: Moose Creek above North Fork Moose Creek near Kantishna. Figure 6J. -Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material at study reach 6: Moose Creek above North Fork Moose Creek near Kantishna.

STUDY REACH 7: NORTH FORK MOOSE CREEK ABOVE WILLOW CREEK NEAR KANTISHNA LOCATION. Lat 63°32 f 05", Long 150°39'16", In NWjNEi Sec.16, T.16S., R.16W., Hydrologic Unit 19030000, in Denali National Park and Preserve, 0.1 mi upstream from Willow Creek, and 9.A mi east of Kantishna. Four cross sections were established between 90 and 100 ft apart over a total reach length of 330 ft. Banks are steep and well defined with bedrock exposed throughout the reach. Channel width averages about 40 ft between vegetated banks. Channel surveys defined no changes in channel configuration although some movement of the bed material was evident. Particle-count data indicate that the bed material was slightly coarser (d50=130mm) in than in (d50=62-72mm). Sieve analysis data are insufficient to evaluate any change in bed material sample size distribution. Table 7A. Summary of data collected: Reach Meas. Peak data Particle-size data Date disch. Stage Disch. Cross section (ft 3 /s) (ft) (ft 3 /s) No. Survey Particle count Bed material samples 6/27/83 8/10/83 30.1 100.90 7/21/84 Yes Yes None Yes Yes None Yes Yes None Yes Yes Surf-subsurf Yes Yes None No Yes None No Yes None No No None Yes Yes Surf-subsurf Yes Yes None Yes No None Yes No None

Table 7B. Particle count data: Reach 7 Date of collection June 27, 1983 Aug. 10, 1983 July 21, 1984 Cross section Percent

" Bed material (particle count) finer than size indicated, in millimeters

"" Table 7C.--Bed material sample analysis data: Reach 7 Date of collection June 27, July 21, 17O J Cross section Sampling station (In feet froa reference ark) Bed material (sieve analysis) Sanple type Subsurf Surface Subsurf Percent finer 0.062 0.125 0.25 0.50

than

size indicated, In millimeters 64.0 128.0

. Crosssectlon4_ 40 FEET fcrosssection CONTOUR INTERVAL 1 FOOT June 27, 1983 Cross section Figure 7A.--Plan view and location of cross sections at study reach 7: North Fork Moose Creek above Willow Creek near Kantishna. ross section 1

Thalweg Elevation, In Feet, Above Arbitrary Datum

June 27,1983 August 10, 1983 July 21, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 7C.-Cross section 1 at study reach 7: North Fork Moose Creek above Willow Creek near Kantishna. z O June 27.1983 August 10,1983 July 21,1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 7D.--Cross section 2 at study reach 7: North Fork Moose Creek above Willow Creek near Kantishna.

Lu

O m LU LU June 27, 1983 - August 10, 1983 July21, 1984 DISTANCE. IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 7 E.-Cross section 3 at study reach 7: North Fork Moose Creek above Willow Creek near Kantishna. June 27, 1983 July 21,1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 7F.~Cross section 4 at study reach 7: North Fork Moose Creek above Willow Creek near Kantishna.

1,000 Cross section 1 June 27,1983 August 10, 1983 July 21, 1984 D50 1 68mm Den 61mm D 116mm June 27, 1983, Cross Section 4 Surface Dcn 100mm ou Subsurface DQ 24mm July 21, 1984, Cross Section 1 Surface Dgn 54mm Subsurface DKn 16mm 30 40 50 60 70 '50 30 40 50 60 70 CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICLES FINER THAN INDICATED SIZE Figure 7G.-Particle-size distribution (particle-count method) of bed material at study reach 7: North Fork Moose Creek above Willow Creek near Kantishna. Figure 7H.-Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material at study reach 7: North Fork Moose Creek above Willow Creek near Kantishna.

STUDY REACH 8: GLEN CREEK NEAR KANTISHNA LOCATION. Lat 63°31'30", Long 150°42'18", in NWiSWi Sec.17, T.16S., R.16W., Hydrologic Unit 19030000, in Denali National Park and Preserve, 0.25 mi upstream from mouth, and 7.8 mi east of Kantlshna. Three cross sections were established at about 100-foot intervals for a total reach length of 200 ft. The reach is a contracting one that has three channels at cross section 1, and a single channel downstream at cross sections 2 and 3. Channel width averages about 40 ft between vegetated banks. Abandoned settling ponds are present approximately 500 ft upstream from the reach and a tailings pile is located on the right bank at cross section 3. Changes in channel configuration during the study period were insignificant. Cross-section surveys indicated scour, and subsequently, deposition of approximately 1.5 ft of material between the left bank and center channels of cross section 1. Minor amounts of scour and fill took place at the thalweg of all cross sections. Particle-count data showed very little change except for a slightly finer (d50=19mm versus d50=25mm) mean size in 1984 than In 1983. Sieve analysis of bed material samples showed the deposition of fine (d50=0.12mm) material between June 1983 and June 1984, but the material was no longer present in September 1984. A rain gage was installed near this reach during the 1984 field season. Rainfall data are shown on table 8D. Table 8A.-Summary of data collected: Reach 8 [CSG, crest-stage gage] Meas. Peak data Date dlsch. Stage Dlsch. (fts /s) (ft) (ft s /s) Cross section No. Survey Particle-size data Particle Bed material count samples 6/26/83 6/30/83 6/29/84 7/24/84 8/13/84 Yes No None Yes No None Yes No None No Yes None No No None No Yes Surf-subsurf 7/26/83 7/29/83 9/15/83 18.7 88.67 23.0 94.03 3 CSG No 3 CSG No Yes Yes 3 CSG Yes No No Yes No Yes None None None None None Yes Yes Yes 17.3 89.46 9/14/84 17.2 94.14 Yes No Yes Surf-subsurf None Surf-subsurf 3 CSG No 3 CSG No Yes Yes 3 CSG Yes No No Yes Ko Yes None None Surf-subsurf None Surf-subsurf

Table 8B. Particle count data: Reach 8 Date of collection June 30, 1983 Sept. 15, 1983 June 29, 1984 Sept. 14, 1984 Date of Cross collection section June 30, 1983 June 29, 1984 Sept. 14, 1984 Cross section Table 8C. Sampling station (In feet from reference mark) Bed material (particle count) Percent finer than size indicated, in millimeters --Bed material sample analysis Sample type Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Bed Percent finer data: Reach 8

material (sieve analysis) than size Indicated, In millimeters .25 0.50 1.0 r42

Table 8D. Rainfall in the Kantishna Hills area near Reach 8, June to September 1984 [Data In inches; Tr, trace] Day June July Tr

August September Tr Tr

Crest stage gage CONTOUR INTERVAL 1 FOOT June 26, 1983 60 FEET

Figure 8A.-Plan view and location of cross sections at study reach 8: Glen Creek near Kantishna.

THALWEG ELEVATION, IN FEET. ABOVE ARBITRARY DATUM 2? oo W a-c a.

s3 P

z o LLJ

LU m cc< LLJ O m June 26,1983 - September 15,1983

June 29.1984 DISTANCE. IN FEET. FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 8C.-Cross section 1 at study reach 8: Glen Creek near Kantishna. Figure 8D.-View downstream from cross section 1, July 26,1983.

ON Ln

00r* GO GO $O ert- t- O 3 CO p P; a vj 8cr oo

W Elevation, In Feet, Above Arbitrary Datum (O (O J (O O

z o om mm to H o n O S m n H oo CO O

7; a a -a a S M§ 10 a- 5° § w tp - oo r; Co era

oo M o w GO H GO

SS z rt O 3: - o & ELEVATION, IN FEET, ABOVE ARBITRARY DATUM (O (O (O (O (Q O

N3 CO m to m o

O S

ON ON Cross section 3 June 30, 1983 Surface Subsurface June 29, 1984 Surface D 0.12mm 0.11mm September 14, 1984 Surface Subsurface Average of cross sections 1 and 3 June 30, 1983 September 15, 1983 June 30, 1984 September 14, 1984 25mm 25mm 19mm 19mm 30 40 50 60 70 30 40 50 60 CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICLES FINER THAN INDICATED SIZE Figure 8G."Particle-size distribution (particle-count method) of bed material at study reach 8: Glen Creek near Kantishna. Figure 8R--Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material at study reach 8: Glen Creek near Kantishna.

STUDY REACH 9: NORTH FORK MOOSE CREEK NEAR MOUTH NEAR KANTISHNA LOCATION. Lat 63°3r09", Long 150°43'48", in NEjNWj Sec.19, T.16S., R.16W., Hydrologic Unit 19030000, in Denali National Park and Preserve, 0.1 mi upstream from mouth, and 7.0 mi east of Kantishna. Reach 9 has a total length of 420 ft with four cross sections spaced approximately 140 ft apart. The channel has a slight bend to the left throughout the reach. The left bank has a gradual slope with shrub and grass cover. The right bank is a bedrock cliff. The reach has an average width of 80 ft between vegetated banks. Cross section surveys indicated no changes in channel configuration over the period of data collection. The channel survey on September 15, 1983 indicated an overall slight scour in the reach compared to the initial survey on June 26, 1983. Surveys in June and September 1984 showed channel elevations similar to those of the initial survey. Bed material particle counts and sieve analysis of bed material samples indicated considerable variation in the particle-size distribution, especially in cross section 4, where surface bed material was noticeably finer in 1984. Table 9A.--Summary of data collected: Reach 9 Meas. Peak data Particle-size data Date 6/26/83 disch. (ft 3 /s)

Cross No. section Survey Yes Yes Yes Yes Particle count Yes Yes Yes Yes Bed material samples Surf-subsurf None None Surf-subsurf 6/30/83 7/26/83 7/29/83 9/15-16 /83 6/27-28 /84 8/13/8A 9/13-14 97.8A No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes None None None None None None None Surf-subsurf None None Surf-subsurf None Surf-subsurf None None Surf-subsurf

Table 9B.-Particle count data: Reach 9 Date of collection June 26, 1983 Sept. 16, 1983 Sept. 16, 1983 June 27, 1984 Sept. 13, 1984 Cross section Percent finer Bed o than material (particle count) alze Indicated, In millimeters

Table 9C.~Bed material sample analysis data: Reach 9 Date of collection June 26, 1983 June 27, 1984 June 28, 1984 Sept. 13, 1984 Cross section Sampling station (In feet from reference Sample mark) type Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Bed material (sieve analysis) Percent finer than size Indicated, In millimeters

CONTOUR INTERVAL 1 FOOT June 26,1983 10 20 30 40 50 FEET Figure 9A.-Plan view and location of cross sections at study reach 9: North Fork Moose Creek near mouth near Kantishna.

IS tut -i oo Ml OC

Uj Uj Cd I Uj Uj

Z j une 26, 1983 June 28,1984 September 13, 1984 DISTANCE DOWNSTREAM FROM INITIAL POINT ON CROSS SECTION 1, IN FEET Figure 9B.--Thalweg profile at study reach 9: North Fork Moose Creek near mouth near Kantishna.

COp o e+ O"

O s- 3 a 1 £ o p. m " 3J w O ° O S H O i-j r 5 sf 8 co O

S 8 3 o ELEVATION, IN FEET, ABOVE ARBITRARY DATUM CO O O O O O CO O

NJ CO -t*

m oc uj O m UJ

UJ June 26,1983 September 15, 1983 June 28,1984 September 13,1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 9E.--Cross section 3 at study reach 9: North Fork Moose Creek near mouth near Kantishna. June26,1983 September 15,1983 June 28,1984 September 13,1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 9F.-Cross section 4 at study reach 9: North Fork Moose Creek near mouth near Kantishna.

Average of cross sections 1, 3 and 4 June 30, 1983 D5Q 34mm September 15-16, 1983 D5Q 47mm June 27,1984 September 13, 1984 '50 >50 : 20mm : 44mm CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICLES FINER THAN INDICATED SIZE Figure 9G.-Particle-size distribution (particle-count method) of bed material at study reach 9: North Fork Moose Creek near mouth near Kantishna.

CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICLES FINER THAN INDICATED SIZE Figure 9H.Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material at study reach 9: North Fork Moose Creek near mouth near Kantishna. Figure 9I.--Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material at study reach 9, North Fork Moose Creek near mouth near Kantishna.

STUDY REACH 10: JUMBO CREEK NEAR KANTISHNA LOCATION. Lat 63 0 30'47 M , Long 150°46'16", In NWjSWj Sec.24, T.16S., R.17W., Hydrologlc Unit 19030000, in Denali National Park and Preserve, 0.1 mi upstream from mouth, and 5.8 mi east of Kantlshna. Reach 10 has a length of 190 ft and is an expanding reach. Three cross sections were established at 95-foot intervals. Both banks of the channel between bedrock outcrops are lined with brush. Channel width averages 40 ft. Consecutive cross-section surveys showed alternating scour and fill in sections 2 and 3, and a slight overall fill in section 1. There was no change in channel configuration during the study. Particle-count data showed minor variations but no significant changes in bed material composition. The sieve analyses results, however, did indicate a trend toward finer material. Table 10A. Summary of data collected: Reach 10 Meas. Peak data Particle-size data Date disch. Stage Disch. Cross section (ft 3 /s) (ft) (ft 3 /s) No. Survey Particle count Bed material samples 6/29/83 7/29/83 9/14/83 6/26/84 8/10/84 8/13/84

Yes Yes Surf-subsurf Yes No None Yes Yes None No No None Yes Yes None Yes No None Yes Yes None Yes Yes Surf-subsurf Yes No Surf-subsurf Yes Yes None Yes Yes Surf-subsurf Yes No None Yes Yes Surf-subsurf No No None

Table 10B. Particle count data: Reach 10 Date of collection June 29, Sept. 14, June 26, Aug. 10, Date of collection June 29, 1983 June 26, 1984 Aug. 10, 1984 Cross section Cross section Table 10C. Sampling station (In feet from reference mark) Bed material (particle count) Percent finer than size indicated, in millimeters

-Bed material sample analysis data: Reach 10 1024 2048

Bed material (sieve analysis) Sample Percent finer than size indicated, In millimeters type 0.062 0.125 0.25 0.50 Surface

Subsurf Subsurf

Surface

Subsurf Surface Subsurf Subsurf

50 FEET CONTOUR INTERVAL 1 FOOT June 29,1983 Figure 10A.--Plan view and location of cross sections at study reach 10: Jumbo Creek near Kantishna.

UJ tD O c £2 96 Z CD I- fc UJu. June 29,1983 September 14, 1983 June 26, 1984 August 10, 1984 DISTANCE DOWNSTREAM FROM INITIAL POINT ON CROSS SECTION 1,|N FEET Figure 10B.--Thalweg profile at study reach 10. Jumbo Creek near Kantishna. o

DCt m UJ u! 102 z June 29, 1983 September 14,1983 June 26, 1984 August 10,1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 10C.--Cross section 1 at study reach 10: Jumbo Creek near Kantishna.

D

oc June 29,1983 September 14, 1983 June 26,1984 August 10, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 10D.-Cross section 2 at study reach 10: Jumbo Creek near Kantishna. June 29,1983 - September 14,1983 June 26,1984 - August 10, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 10E.--Cross section 3 at study reach 10: Jumbo Creek near Kantishna.

00o 1,000 Average of cross sections 1 and 3 June 29,1983 June 26,1984 August 10, 1984 September 14, 1983 D50 115mm 70mm '50 '50 r 57mm D5Q - 80mm Cross section 1 June 29,1983 Surface DgQw 100mm Subsurface DgQ 10mm June 26, 1984 Surface DgQ 49mm Subsurface DgQ 11 mm August 10, 1984 Surface D5Q 34mm Subsurface DgQ J DKn 6mm CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICLES FINER THAN INDICATED SIZE Figure 10F. -Particle-size distribution (particle-count method) of bed material at study reach 10: Jumbo Creek near Kantishna. Figure 10G.--Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material at study reach 10: Jumbo Creek near Kantishna.

STUDY REACH 11: RAINY CREEK NEAR KANTISHNA LOCATION. Lat 63°3ri7", Long 150°47'44", in SEjSWj Sec.14, T.16S., R.17W., Hydrologic Unit 19030000, in Denali National Park and Preserve, 0.5 mi upstream from mouth, and 5.0 mi east of Kantishna. Study reach 11, approximately 100 ft long, lies downstream from two abandoned settling ponds. The ponds have diverted a substantial amount of the stream's flow from the natural channel onto the left bank, creating a new channel about 25 ft to the left (west) of the former stream course. Flow in the new channel originates at the left bank settling pond and meanders through heavy brush and large trees along the left bank. The new channel was eroding material along its course and tree roots are exposed along its path. Three cross sections were established in the reach. Cross sections 1 and 3 cover the total width of the reach, while cross section 2 spans only the original stream channel. Cross-section surveys indicate considerable movement of material on the left bank as the water flowing from the left bank settling pond travels through the vegetation and cuts a new channel. The original stream channel on the right bank is filling, probably due to the reduction in flow. Particle counts of the bed material indicate that the mean bed material size at the time of the initial count, July 1, 1983, was coarser (d50=32mm) than that at the time of subsequent counts (d50s=2.5mm-12imn). Sieve analysis of bed material samples showed no significant changes between the two sampling dates in 1983, and that surface material was finer in 1984. Analyses of subsurface material indicated very minor differences between the two years. Table llA.--Summary of data collected: Reach 11 Meas. Peak data Date disch. Stage Disch. Cross section (ftVs) (ft) (ftVs) No. Survey Particle-aize data Particle count Bed material samples 9/9/83 6/24/83 7/1/83 8/12/83 9/14/83 6/27/84 8/10/84 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes None None None None Surf-subsurf No No No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Surf-subsurf None None None None None Surf-subsurf None Surf-subsurf Surf-subsurf None Surf-subsurf

Table 11B. Particle count data: Reach 11 Date of Cross collection section July 1, Sept. 14 June 27, Aug. 10, , 1983 Table HC.--Bed Sampling station (in feet from Date of Cross reference Sample collection section mark) type July Aug. June Aug. 1, 1983 12, 1983 27, 1984 10, 1984 Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Bed material (particle count) Percent finer than size indicated, in millimeters material sample analysis data: Bed material Percent finer than size 0.062 0.125 0.25 0.50 1.0

40 FEET CONTOUR INTERVAL 1 FOOT June 24,1983 T-O Figure HA.-Plan view and location of cross sections at study reach 11: Rainy Creek near Kantishna.

ELEVATION, IN FEET, ABOVE ARBITRARY DATUM oo O a Po tr O s P om E S o W

H gr5*

To Ho B

SCO ft> POsr P 3THALWEG ELEVATION, IN FEET, ABOVE ARBITRARY DATUM

-j oo H Oz o ,3J !O CO CO COm o OZ

O DC UJ June 24, 1983 --Sept. 14, 1983 June 27, 1984 - Aug. 10, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 11D.-Cross section 2 at study reach 11: Rainy Creek near Kantishna. . Sept. 9, 1982 - --June 24, 1983 Aug. 12, 1983 Sept. 14, 1983 'June 27, 1984 Aug. 10, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure HE.--Cross section 3 at study reach 11: Rainy Creek near Kantishna.

1,000 Cross section 1 September 14, 1983 D50 2.5mm June 27, 1984 August 10, 1984 Cross section 1 (Station 40-41) July 1, 1983 Surface DggssSSmm Subsurface Dc 20mm August 12, 1983 Surface D5Q 100mm Subsurface Dg0 26mm June 27,1984 Surface D50 60mm Subsurface Dc 15mm August 10, 1984 Surface Subsurface Figure 11F CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICLES FINER THAN INDICATED SIZE -Particle-size distribution at study reach 11: Rainy Creek near Kantishna, Particle-size distribution (particle-count method) of bed Figure llG.-Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material material at study reach 11: Rainy Creek near Kantishna. at study rparh 11: Rainv npr Kflntkhnn

STUDY REACH 12: MOOSE CREEK NEAR KANTISHNA LOCATION. Lat 63°31'00", Long 150°54'26", in SEjNEj Sec.19, T.16S., R.17W., Hydrologic Unit 19030000, in Denali National Park and Preserve, 30 ft downstream from Lake Creek and 1.7 mi east of Kantishna. No cross sections were established at this site. A staff gage was installed on the upstream side of the bridge across Moose Creek. A stage discharge relation was developed for the staff gage on the basis of stream discharge measurements made at the site. This relation was used to compute stream discharge at the time of periodic staff gage readings. Table 12A. Summary of discharge measurements: Reach 12 Meas No. Date June 30, 1983 July 27, 1983 July 29, 1983 Aug. 9, 1983 June 30, 1984 July 21, 1984 Aug. 12, 1984 Sept. 15, 1984 Stage (ft) Discharge (ft 3 /s)

Table 12B. Periodic staff gage readings and computed discharges in 1983: Reach 12 June Day Stage (ft)

Table 12C. Periodic staff gage readings and computed discharges in 1984: Reach 12 Date June July Aug. Sept. Stage (ft) Discharge (ft 3 /s) 1!

STUDY REACH 13: MOOSE CREEK BELOW FRIDAY CREEK NEAR KANTISHNA LOCATION. Lat 63°32'24", Long 150°59'29", in NWjSWj Sec.11, T.16S., R.18W., Hydrologic Unit 19030000, in Denali National Park and Preserve, 0.1 mi downstream from Friday Creek, and 1.4 mi northwest of Kantishna. There are five cross sections at study reach 13; total reach length is approximately 1,800 ft. Cross sections 1 through 4, spaced at 120-foot intervals, were established in 1983. Cross section 5, located 1,440 ft downstream from cross section 4 was established in 1982. Channel width averages 80 ft between vegetated banks, with a total average reach width of 230 ft. Cross-section surveys indicated very minor change in channel geometry during the study period. Cross sections 3 and 5 did show minor changes in streambed elevation, indicating some movement of bed material. Particle-count data collected in cross sections 1 to 4 showed virtually no changes in bed material composition. Sieve analysis of bed material samples collected at cross section 1 showed no net change during the study. However, the sample collected on July 23, 1984 had a finer surface layer and a coarser subsurface layer than the other samples. Table 13A.--Summary of data collected: Reach 13 [CSG, crest-stage gage] Meas. Peak data Date 9/2/82 6/23-24 /83 6/30/83 7/26/83 7/29/83 8/9/83 disco. Stage Disch. (ftVs) (ft) (ftVs)

Cross section No. Survey 3 CSG 3 CSG 3 CSG Yes Yes Tee Tee Yes Yee No No No No Yes Particle-size data Particle count No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No Bed material sample e None Surf-subsurf None None Surface None None None None None None 8/11/83 9/16-17 /83 6/29/84 7/2/84 7/20-24 /84 8/10/84 8/13/84 9/12-16 /84 3 CSG No None

3 Csg 3 Csg 3 Csg 3 Csg

3 CSG Yes Yes Yee Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yee Yee No No Yes Yes Yee Yee Yes No No No Yee No No No Yes Yes Yes Yee No No Yee Yee Yee Yes No None None None None None None None Surf-subsurf None None Surf-subeurf None None Surf-eubsurf None None Surf-eubeurf None

Table 13B. Particle count data: Reach 13 Date of Cross collection section June 23, Sept. 17, July 20, July 24, Sept. 12, Date of collection June 23. 1983 June 24, 1983 July 23. 1984 July 27, 1984 Cross section Sept. 12, 1984 Table 13C.- S amp ling station (In feet from reference mark) Percent

-Bed material finer Bed material (particle count) than size Indicated, in millimeters sample analysis data:

Reach 13 Bed material (sieve analysis) Sample type Surface Subsurf Surface Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Percent finer than 0.062 0.125

size indicated, In millimeters

TO 120 FEET CONTOUR INTERVAL 1 FOOT June 23,1983 Cross section 4

Figure 13A.- Plan view and location of cross sections at study reach 13: Moose Creek below Friday Creek near Kantishna.

June 23.1983 September 17, 1983 July 20. 1984 - September 12. 1984 £ DISTANCE DOWNSTREAM FROM INITIAL POINT ON CROSS SECTION 1.IN FEET Figure 13B.-Thalweg profile at study reach 13: Moose Creek below Friday Creek near Kantishna. Figure 13C.-View downstream from cross section 1, June 24,1983.

h- O DC DCt ca DC UJ UJ zoI88 June 23, 1983 September 17, 1983 July 20, 1984 September 12,1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 13D.-Cross section 1 at study reach 13: Moose Creek below Friday Creek near Kantishna. O June 23, 1983 September 17, 1983 July 20, 1984 September 12 /1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 13E.-Cross section 2 at study reach 13: Moose Creek below Friday Creek near Kantishna.

HLU S! 90 .June 24,1983 .September 17, 1983 July 24, 1984 September 12, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 13F.--Cross section 3 at study reach 13: Moose Creek below Friday Creek near Kantishna. O

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June 24,1983 ---September 17,1983 July 24, 1984 September 12 7 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET. FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 13G.-Cross section 4 at study reach 13: Moose Creek below Friday Creek near Kantishna.

EC September 10/1982 June 24,1983 August 9,1983 September 16, 1983 June 29,1984 September 16, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 13H.--Cross section 5 at study reach 13: Moose Creek below Friday Creek near Kantishna.

oICC Average of cross sections 1 through 4 June 23-24, 1983 July 20-24, 1984 D September 12, 1984 61mm 50mm 72mm Cross section 1 (Station 55) June 23,1983 Surface DgQ 68mm Subsurface DQ 8mm July 23, 1984 Surface DgQ - 29mm 4 Subsurface D5Q 38mm September 12, 1984 Surface D5Q 33mm 6 Subsurface DKn 9.6mm '50 CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICLES FINER THAN INDICATED SIZE Figure 13L--Particle-size distribution (particle-count method) of bed material at study reach 13: Moose Creek below Friday Creek near Kantishna. Figure 13J.-Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material at study reach 13: Moose Creek below Friday Creek near Kantishna.

STUDY REACH 14: MOOSE CREEK BELOW LOWER CANYON NEAR KANTISHNA LOCATION. Lat 63°38'35", Long 151°03 f 15", in NEjSWj Sec.4, T.15S., R.18W., Hydrologic Unit 19030000, in Denali National Park and Preserve, 4.6 mi downstream from Canyon Creek, and 8.6 mi north of Kantishna. Four cross sections were established at about 120-foot intervals over a total reach length of 500 ft. There are two channels throughout the reach. A wide overflow section on the right (east) side of the active channel was surveyed in reaches 1, 2, and 3. The active channel is approximately 100 ft wide between vegetated banks. Cross section surveys indicated no significant changes in channel configuration, but some movement of the bed was evident. Particle count and bed material sieve analysis data showed no changes in the overall bed material. Movement of fine (<0.5mm) bed material was noted as the finer material was alternately deposited and scoured at various locations within the reach. Table 14A. Summary of data collected: Reach 14 Meas. Peak data Particle-size data Date disch. Stage Disch. Cross section Particle Bed material (ft 3 /s) (ft) (ft 3 /s) No. Survey count samples 6/28/83 8/11/83 7/1/84 8/12/84 99.56 8,000 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes None Yes None Yes None Yes Surf-subsurf Yes Surf-subsurf Yes None Yes None Yes Surf-subsurf Yes Surf-subsurf Yes None Yes None Yes Surf-subsurf Yes Surf-subsurf Yes None Yes None Yes Surf-subsurf

Table 14B.-Particle count data: Reach 14 Date of collection June 28, 1983 Aug. 11, 1983 July 1, 1984 Aug. 12, 1984 Date of collection June 28, 1983 Aug. 11, 1983 July 1, 1984 Aug. 12, 1984 Cross section Table Cross section Bed material (particle count) Percent finer than size indicated, in millimeters

14C.-Bed material sample analysis data: Reach 14 Sampling station (in feet from reference Sample mark) type Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Surface Subsurf Bed material (sieve analysis) Percent finer than size indicated, in millimeters

80 FEET ' '' ' CONTOUR INTERVAL 1 FOOT June 28,1983 Figure 14A.-Plan view and location of cross sections at study reach 14: Moose Creek below Lower Canyon near Kantishna.

THALWEG ELEVATION, IN FEET, ABOVE ARBITRARY DATUM co co co co co SC co

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June 12,1983 August 11, 1983 July 1, 1984 August 12, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET. FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 14C.-Cross section 1 at study reach 14: Moose Creek below Lower Canyon near Kantishna. June 28, 1983 August 11, 1983 July 1, 1984 August 12, 1984 DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM INITIAL POINT ON LEFT BANK Figure 14D.--Cross section 2 at study reach 14: Moose Creek below Lower Canyon near Kantishna.

Elevation, In Feet, Above Arbitrary Datum

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Co Elevation, In Feet, Above Arbitrary Datum S $ §

1,000 o Ui Cross section 1 (Station 55) August 11, 1983 Surface Subsurface July 1, 1983 Surface Subsurface 36mm Average of cross sections 1, 2 and 4 June 28,1983 August 11, 1983 July 1, 1984 August 13, 1984 August 12, 1984 Surface CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICLES FINER THAN INDICATED SIZE Figure 14G.-Particle-size distribution (particle-count method) of bed material at study reach 14: Moose Creek below Lower Canyon near Kantishna. Figure 14H.--Particle-size distribution (sieve analysis) of bed material at study reach 14: Moose Creek below Lower Canyon near Kantishna.

Plates & figures from the original