Modern methods of producing coal : 1902 catalogue number 48 ..., coal mining machinery
Several interestingtables regarding the bittftninous coal production of the United States are given on pages 73 to 76.
Overview
Modern methods of producing coal : 1902 catalogue number 48 ..., coal mining machinery is a 1902 historical mining reference by Sullivan Machinery Company, preserved in the Mountain Man Mining research library. Several interestingtables regarding the bittftninous coal production of the United States are given on pages 73 to 76.
This 1902 document, Modern methods of producing coal : 1902 catalogue number 48 ..., coal mining machinery, is preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library for research and reference. Original source: archive.org.
UNn/ERSITYo/* CALIFORNIA
Bequest Of
$] I/Samuelbenedictchristy
Professor Of
Mining And Metallurgy 1885-1914
Modern Methods Of Producing Coal
Chasmar-Winchell New York anJ Pittsburgh
M O D E N Methods
Of Producing
Coal
Catalogue
Code word I A.DER-
C O
Vf A X VFA CTU BED
Ulliv
O
Nt
N
N
+
J
Copyrighted 1902
by the SULLIVAN MACHINERY COMPANY
Sullivan M a c h i n e r y C o m p a n y
Works Claremont, N. H. Chicago, 111.
General Offices 135 Adams Street, Chicago, 111., U. S. A.
Branch Offices New York City, 71 Broadway
Pittsburg, Pa., 339 Fifth Avenue
Denver, Colo., 431 Seventeenth Street
Spokane, Wash., S 101 Howard Street
El Paso, Texas, 306 St. Louis Street
Cable Address, " DIAMOND CHICAGO "
Codes used Ai, ABC, Fraser fcf Chalmers, Liebers, Commercial
Directory, Western Union
A list of code words pertaining to coal mines is given on.pages 67 to 69.
The
Sullivan Machinery Company
also manufactures
Diamond Core Drills
for the economical and rapid prospecting of coal and mineral lands
Air .Compressors Channeling Machines
for quarrying dimension stone
Rock Drills
for the excavation of rock Corliss Engines Winding Engines
for hoisting and hauling
Fans
for ventilating mines
Automatic Cross-over Dumps
Special catalogues are issued illustrating and describing each of the above classes of machinery, copies of which may be obtained upon request.
Several interesting-tables regarding the bittftninous coal production of the United States are given on pages 73 to 76.
Table of Content
Page
Introductory .11
Machines Used in and about Coal Mines 13
Pick Machines ... .21
Shearing Machines . . 35
Electric Chain Machines . 43
Long Wall Machines . 61
Air Compressors . . .81
Air Receivers ... 107
Diamond Prospecting Core Drills . in
Rock Drills 125
Automatic Dumps . . 135
Ventilating Fans . 141
Winding Engines . 147
Index . 152
An index is given on page 152
Introductory
N presenting this illustrated catalogue descriptive of the Sullivan Coal Mining Machines, it is desired to show some of the fundamental features upon which superiority is claimed. In a book of this character it is impossible to go into every detail, but if it arouses interest in the machinery it serves its purpose. As the efficiency of nearly every machine is dependent upon local conditions, it is suggested that prospective purchasers permit examination of the properties, that the company may be in position to state definitely just what may be expected from the machines, aside from the fact that a personal interview is always preferable to correspondence.
In the Sullivan and Bullock machinery only the best materials obtainable are used, and modern methods govern their manufacture. No expense has been spared to make all products as simple, durable and efficient as possible; all parts being made to jigs and templates, are perfectly interchangeable.
As will be noticed, the line of coal mining machinery is considerably larger than that of any other manufacturer. The policy of the company is strictly one of advancement. Improvements are constantly being made and new machines developed as conditions change. The closest scrutiny is courted of the entire line of manufacture, and correspondence bearing on this subject will receive prompt and courteous attention.
Sullivan Machinery Company
June i, 1902
Official mining-scales showing the differentials between pick and machine mining-are given on pages 71 and 72.
Sullivan M a c h i n e s Used in and about Coal M i n e s
A Few Facts Briefly Stated
OME few years ago, after a careful examination and study of the conditions governing" coal mines, the company became convinced that the coal of the future would be generally mined by mechanical methods, not only on account of the saving in the cost of production, but for several other reasons enumerated later. Then began the designing and manufacturing of a machine which would successfully and economically meet the requirements. At that time there were several coal cutting machines on the market, but for one reason or another they had met with only partial success. In developing the Sullivan Coal Cutting 'Machine, the aim was not to produce a machine the utility of which would be more or less limited and which could only be used under favorable conditions, but one which would work successfully in any place accessible to a pick miner. With between thirty and forty years of experience in the successful manufacture of rock working machinery where the conditions were far more severe than in coal mines, the well-known and tested principles of these machines were brought to bear in designing the coal cutting machinery.
This was the beginning of the Sullivan Pick Machine, and its immediate acceptance alike by the operator and miner was most gratifying. It was only about five years
ago that this new and untried machine was placed on the market, and to-day it stands alone at the head of its class,
with a reputation more extensive, and with greater sales to its credit, than machines which have been before the public for nearly a score of years.
The endeavor has been to make the line of manufacture so complete that, no matter how unusual or irregular the conditions, a machine could be procurable specially adapted to the requirements.
The company appreciates that the Electric Chain Machine possesses some advantages over the Pick Machine, though its use is more limited, and has therefore designed a radical departure from the existing machines, which is here presented for the first time.
The idea in manufacturing both types of these machines was, primarily, to be placed in a neutral position, in order to candidly advise a prospective purchaser which is preferable and the better suited to existing conditions. The statements made by manufacturers producing only one type of machinery are naturally biased and more or less prejudiced, while the Sullivan Machinery Company, manufacturer of both types, is enabled to give an unbiased and unprejudiced opinion which should be entitled to the most careful consideration. Generally, upon learning of the
contemplated introduction -
of coal cutting machinery, an expert is sent to make a complete examination of the property. Practically confined to the making of such examinations, a great fund of
experience is at hand from which to draw conclusions, and hence this expert opinion is of value and should be a reliable guide to purchasers; but should extraordinary conditions be encountered, where machine mining of any sort would be considered impracticable, it will unhesitatingly be so stated.
Managers of pick or hand mines should bear in mind that coal cutting machines offer several more points of advantage than merely a reduction in the cost of the coal on the mine car. In pick mines nearly every employee is a skilled workman requiring several years of experience before being able to perform good work. The use of machines reduces the proportion of this skilled labor and at the same time increases the productive capacity per capita. This means that, for a given tonnage, fewer miners are necessary, resulting in less dissension between employer and employee, a smaller investment for houses, etcetera; in fact, the saving in the number and the cost of house.s alone will usually pay for a coal cutting machine plant. Further, in machine worked mines the work is more concentrated, resulting in less area to support, drain and ventilate.
The SULLIVAN PICK MACHINE OR PUNCHER has even surpassed all expectations as regards sales, efficiency, durability, and ease of operation. The company is the pioneer in the introduction of compressed air cushions into
this class of machinery, thus permitting a harder blow and accomplishing greater work with less jar and less fatigue to the runner. To one company alone has been sold over 450 machines, to several others more than 100 each, and to many others from 10 to 25 machines each. Unless this machine actually possessed exceptional merit it could not continue to receive
Automatic
Cross-over
Dump
the patronage of the largest producers of coal in this country ; in several cases the thirtieth repeat order for Sullivan Pick Machines has been received.
The SULLIVAN SHEARING MACHINE 'has also made a great name for itself, having proven especially valuable where the coal shoots freely from the solid or where the shearing of headings is an important factor. It is simply a pick machine with the valve motion adjusted to strike more rapidly, and is mounted on a truck so arranged that the machine never leaves the mine track, the cutting mechanism being moved in a vertical plane, at the same time fed forward by means of a chain. The SULLIVAN ELECTRIC CHAIN MACHINE is practically a long wall machine adapted to the room and pillar system.
It has long been recognized by students of this type of machine that the older makes consume too much time in being moved across the face of the room, and in the consequent necessary setting and re-setting of the jacks; in fact, over fifty per cent, of the time is lost in this way; these machines also require that a great area of top be sustained, making it both hazardous to men and machine to work under the usual roof conditions. In the Sullivan these serious drawbacks have been eliminated, as the machine propels itself across the face, there being no pause in the cutting until the room is finished, and in addition it requires that less than one-half the usual space be maintained between the face
of the coal and the props. This machine also possesses other points of unique merit which are discussed later in detail.
Jb
The SULLIVAN LONG WALL MACHINE is a new departure designed to meet the growing demand for such a machine. Until recently long wall mining has been little followed in this country, but under especial requirements a number of mines have lately been opened on this system, and hence
a machine has been built to meet these new conditions.
Herein will be found described the WILSON AND MITCHELL AUTO- MATIC Cross-ovER DUMPS for the rapid and economical dumping of mine cars. These devices have been on the market for a long time and are used in nearly every coal producing district in this country, hence are too well and favorably known to require any further comment. The SULLIVAN DIAMOND DRILL for prospecting coal and mineral lands, and the SULLIVAN ROCK DRILL for mechanically drilling holes through faults or for blasting up bottom and blasting down roof in coal mines, are also discussed briefly in this catalogue, though a special catalogue of these machines may be obtained upon request. In the standard straight line SULLIVAN AIR COM- PRESSOR the air is compressed in two stages, thus better distributing the strain upon the machine than if the entire compreSvSion was done in a single cylinder. Between the two air cylinders an intercooler is placed, by means of which the air during the process of compression is kept at a low temperature, with a consequent economy in the consumption of steam energy. The intake valves in the low pressure air cylinders are opened mechanically, and being of large area insure the cylinder filling quickly with cool air.
Diamond Drill
Ail- Compressor
About February i, 1901, the company acquired the entire plant and business of the M. C. Bullock Manufacturing Company, of Chicago, Illinois, who enjoyed an . enviable reputation as manufacturers of the Bullock Diamond Drills, Champion Mine Ventilators, and Hoisting and Hauling Engines. A special catalogue is issued descriptive of these machines, which may be obtained upon request.
Hoistms Engine
Champion Ventilator
COAL CUTTING MACHINES DRIVEN BY COM PRESSED AlfL
The Sullivan Pick Machine
For the Mining of Coal
HE principle of the striking machine or puncher is an old one. It is simply a reciprocating engine mounted on wheels and set upon a platform, elevated at the rear end to counteract the recoil of the machine when striking the coal. The runner sits on the platform and clogs the wheels with either foot, at the same time directing the blows. of the machine to the proper place. This is the ideal type of coal cutting machine, as it will work successfully in any place accessible to a pick miner, and works equally well either on breast or rib, in cutting around props, or in dislodging such sulphur bands or balls as may occur in the mining. By substituting higher wheels for the low mining wheels, vertical cuts or shearings may be advantageously made, thus constituting it an all-round machine. If many shearings are to be made, the Sullivan Shearing Machine, described on page 35, and which has been especially constructed for this purpose, is highly recommended.
The Sullivan Pick Machine placed on the market some five years ago, while broadly following the old ideas, departed in nearly every detail from the then existing pick machines, so that practically a new principle in coal cutting was originated.
This company was first to recognize the advantages of using compressed air expansively, thus securing greater economy. By adjusting the index lever on the rear cylinder head, the air may be carried at will from one-half to fivesixths of the stroke and then cut off and the balance of the
stroke continued by the expansion of the air. This feature, besides the economy of power, permits of the operation of the machine on a very wide range of pressure, as it works equally well under high or low pressure and at the same time strikes a hard and effective blow. Until the introduction of the Sullivan, all other pick machines protected the cylinder heads from the blow of the piston by means of leather or rubber buffers, which, being imperfectly elastic, only partially served the purpose, and the machine itself had to stand a large portion of the shock. By reason of this fact, the force of the blow was of necessity limited, or else damage was sure to result to the machine, and in addition, the cost of replacing the buffers became a serious item of expense.
At the start, only logical prin< of cutting coal w! this type of machij was adopted, viz., a slow but hard blow, making eacHilow count. The hard blow, without damage to the machine, was made possible only through the introduction of air cushions. The first Sullivan possessed this unique feature, and the way in which it has been copied by competitors proves that it was and is of especial value. We have observed, in fast-running pick machines, where above 190 strokes per minute are delivered, that a large proportion of the blows are struck at random, causing pockets in the rear end of the cut, greatly punishing the mnner in throwing him around the board, and retarding the smooth running of the machine, besides which each misdirected blow is a waste of physical and mechanical energy. The Sullivan, having a slow recovery
Rear view showing index levers for adjusting speed and stroke of machine
and a quick forward stroke, allows a pause between each blow, during" which the machine may be directed to strike exactly where desired, and the blow being-of great force, results in the maximum work being accomplished.
The governing-is done upon the back or return stroke, which is so arranged that the machine delivers the same number of blows whether away from or against the coal. In the first machine, the governor was adjusted to reduce the speed of the machine whenever the coal was missed. This was first thought to be an economical arrangement, but it was quickly ascertained that a varying speed seriously affects the running balance of the machine.
The valve motion in the Sullivan is positive, being so constructed that a wide range in the speed may be obtained by moving a pointer on the back of the valve chest. A runner starting a new machine regulates the number of blows by means of this pointer until it suits his individual taste, after which no further adjustment is necessary until another man takes his place. In the Sullivan, the number of blows is absolutely independent of their force, and it is just as easy to secure easy blows as those more rapid or of greater force.
As previously mentioned, the Sullivan Pick Machine contains a valve motion actuated by the piston, which in the event of the pick sticking causes the cylinder to become the reciprocating part, which results in so-called "racing" and is somewhat criticised by inexperienced hands. Instead of this feature being detrimental to the machine or its operator, it is one of the factors that have made the Sullivan so eminently successful, as one or two strokes of the machine is all that is necessary to free the pick, no matter how tightly wedged into the coal, while with the others it is often necessary to loosen the machine with a hand pick. Further, the positive movement is taken advantage of by skilled cutters, as it saves a great many of the heavy lifts with the other machines, and after a miner once becomes accustomed to the Sullivan he is unwilling to use any other pick machine. Pick machines having independent valve motions are subject
I „
to heavy recoils or kicking-in the event of the pick becoming stuck, however slightly, in the coal. Under these conditions, the valve motion continues at a uniform rate of speed, admitting air into the cylinder for the forward stroke before the return stroke has been completed, thus resulting in a weak blow accompanied by a heavy recoil.
Rebabbitting
The Sullivan machine is made so that it may Mandrel
exhaust on either or both sides at pleasure, thus permitting the slack shoveler or scraper to work either right or left handed without being annoyed by the vapor from the exhaust.
The machine contains no front bushing in the trunk or sleeve to guide the piston and to keep it from turning, but instead the trunk itself is babbitted and when worn out may be rebabbitted at a trifling expense. The number of moving parts in this machine is few, and they are made so as to present large wearing surfaces, provision being made for taking up all wear, thus reducing to a minimum the cost of repairs. All joints are scraped or ground so that no gaskets of any kind are required to make them tight.
A table is given on page yy showing the compressed air requirements of from one to forty Sullivan Pick Machines.
List of Paris of Sullivan Pick Machine as shown in Sectional View on opposite page
X103 Set screw for X104
X104 Rifle nut
X105 Rifle bar with gear
X106 Seat for XI 09
X107 Spring pointer for X108
X108 Stem for adjusting X106
XI 09 Reverse valve
X110 Valve plate
Xlll Cover over X110
X113 Spiral spring for X115
XI 14 Regulating valve
X115 Index lever for X114
X118 Ring for X117
X120 Binding screw for X118 and X122 (2)
X121 Ring for X122
X124 Buffer for X123
X129 Plug in top of X132
X130 Check valve with nut
X131 Spiral spring for X130
X132 Holder for X130
X133 Packing leather for X130
X134 Plug for oil hole
XI 35 Pick
X136 Chuck
X139 Bushing in X137
X140 Packing leather for X100
X141 Collar for X140
X147 Drift key for backing out pick
The numbers of parts here shown are for identification only.
When ordering repair parts, the number stamped or cast on part should be given and the class number and letter of the machine should also accompany order.
List Sullivan Pick M a c h i n e s
Class
Bore of Depth of Cylinder Undercut inches feet
Weight pounds
Code Word with Regular Equipment
Number
Letter
Tt
Halidion
Tt
Halidito
Ts
Halidome
Tu
Halidux
Tu
Haligado
T U
Hali gam
The following equipment is furnished with each machine :
Long Handle Shovel
One throttle
One drift key for backing out pick
One monkey wrench
One hand oil can
One hand hammer
One foot clog
One long handle scraper's shovel
Throttle
Foot Clog
In addition each plant is furnished with a complete set of solid wrenches.
List Standard Mining W heels
Diameter Code Word inches for Pair
Halibutt
List Standard Shearing Wheels
Diameter Code Word
inches for Pair
Sullivan
Air
Hose
The SULLIVAN AIR HOSE is thoroughly reliable, and unless specially ordered is furnished in 5o-foot lengths ; for the sake of greater flexibility no wire or marline winding is used, though hose with either of these windings is supplied when desired.
Code word . . . Haligig
SULLIVAN PICKS are made of a high grade of domestic steel which has been found to give the best results in maintaining the cutting edge, and as they are drop forged in hardened dies, perfect uniformity results and the shank always accurately fits the chuck or extension. A dozen or more picks are usually required for each machine.
Code word
Haligush
Truck for
Pick
Machine
To move pick machines from place to place within a mine a light truck is necessary, which is furnished at extra cost upon request.
In ordering-, give gauge of track.
Code word
Halimato
T'he Sullivan Shearing Machine
For
S h e a r i n
of Coal
T has been ascertained that in many mines where the coal shoots freely from the solid, a vertical cut or shearing in the center or near the rib is productive of as .much coarse
coal as if the room or heading had been undercut. Under such conditions the Sullivan Shearing Machine is a decided success, as it will produce nearly double the tonnage of any undercutting machine. It is in effect a Sullivan Pick Machine adjusted to strike more rapidly, and is mounted on a truck conforming to the gauge of the mine track and so arranged that the cutting tool may be moved in a vertical plane. The machine is provided with two sets of wheels, one set fitted on a long base, to be used during the process of cutting, thus securing stability to the machine, the second set on a short base, so that in moving the machine sharp curves may readily be turned. Changes from one set of wheels to the other may be quickly made, the movement of two eccentrics being all that is necessary. To hold the machine in place when working, the first section of track, which is always carried with the machine and upon which it works, is fastened by means of a jack into the roof. Parallel to the rail and fastened to it at both ends is a chain which engages in a sprocket operated from above by a crank handle, and by this means the machine is kept up against the work. The runner stands on the platform of the machine and with the crank handle in his right
3"
hand moves the cutting tool upward or downward, and with another crank handle in his left hand feeds the machine forward as the cut advances.
As will be noticed, the Sullivan Shearing" Machine absorbs within itself all the recoil' and shock of the blow, and hence the runner is not punished nearly as much as with the pick machine mounted on shearing wheels. Cutting records of from seven to eight shearings seven feet deep, in coal six and one-half to seven feet in height, have been made in a shift. The machine is simple in construction and possesses all the valuable features of the pick machine, and there are no weak parts to cause trouble and expense. It is made to conform to the regular gauge of the mine track, and will produce cuts from five to eight feet in depth. The same equipment is furnished as with the Sullivan Pick Machine.
In ordering, or requesting information, please give the height of the coal and the gauge of mine track.
List Sullivan Shearing Machines
Depth of Cut feet
Code Word
Halimcder Halimcna Halimessi Halimintu
Halimisli Halimisco Halimizen
Sullivan Shearing Machine, rear view
HAULAGE has too frequently been made the governing issue in the selection of a power plant for coal cutting and haulage. Traction haulage is usually a satisfactory investment if the hauls are long and grades favorable, but it rarely shows the economies made possible by the use of coal cutting machines. Many cases may be cited where electric plants have been installed because electric traction haulage was desirable, when the conditions were adverse to electric chain machine mining and entirely favorable to compressed air pick machines. In almost every instance machine mining is more important than mechanical haulage. A number of large operators combine the two kinds of power, using electricity for hauling and compressed air for mining the coal.
A familiar scene about a coal mine
Coal Cutting M Ac H I N Es D Fli Yen By Electricity
The Sullivan Electric Chain Machine For the Mining of Coal
LL persons who have made a thorough investigation of coal cutting machinery have ascer- '" tained that electric chain machines possess greater cutting efficiency than pick machines under especially favorable conditions, but on account of the length and heavy construction of the older makes of chain machines the number of districts in which they could be used to advantage was found to be few, hence a great majority of the machine worked mines of this country have been equipped with pick machines, owing to their all-round character and general applicability. The older makes of chain machines are from ten to twelve feet in length, dependent upon the depth of the undercut, thus requiring a great area of roof to be kept up, which, in general, cannot be sustained without serious danger both to machines and operators. The loaders in following these machines have logically objected to the distance over which they have had to handle the debris or dirt from the coal, or the draw slate from the roof which frequently comes down with the coal as it is blasted. As the loaders constitute a majority of the workmen in machine mines, their contentment is of vital importance, and experience has proven that during shortages of labor the chain machine mine managers find difficulty in securing enough loaders, while the pick machine mines are abundantly supplied.
It has been noticed that in the old styles of chain machines only a small portion of the working time is actually consumed in cutting-, the balance of the time being consumed in withdrawing the machine from the cut, netting and re-setting the jacks by which the machine is held in place, barring the machine across the face into its next position, etcetera. These conditions not only waste valuable time but contribute other adverse features as well, for unless great care is exercised the cuts will be put in at different heights, thus making an uneven floor and leaving bottom coal to be lifted; besides, frequently a rib is left between the "cuts," making the coal as difficult to excavate as if it had not been undermined. These machines being fixed rigidly in place, are unable to follow any irregularities in the bottom of the coal, and the rear jack piercing the roof at regular intervals is often a cause of serious accidents by bringing down the roof.
When starting to develop the Sullivan Electric Chain Machine it was evident that while it could not be expected to attain the all-round characteristics of the Sullivan Pick Machine, still it was believed that many of the serious drawbacks of the older chain machines could be remedied, and thus broaden the field for this particular class of machine. After the expenditure of a great deal of time and money in experimenting and in trying the machine under all sorts of conditions, it may be safely announced to the coal mining craft that the Sullivan Electric Chain Machine is certainly worthy of serious consideration, as it possesses many features of merit, exceptional and unique.
The machine itself makes the first or "tight" cut in practically the same manner as other chain machines, except that the feeding is done by means of a chain instead of a rack and pinion. After the first cut is finished the back end of the frame or pan is detached, the feed chain is anchored in the opposite corner of the room, and the machine then is started at cutting sideways across the room, not stopping until the breast is completely undermined. There being no pause in the cutting after the machine has once started across the breast, it is manifest that the machine has greater
.C u
O o o -
efficiency than any other room and pillar machine. As the rear end of the frame or pan is detached, the machine will work in about one-half the space required by the other chain machines between the face and the props, thus it can be used successfully in many
cases where the roof is in such condition that the long machines cannot be used with safety.
Dispensing with the telescopic frame of the other chain machines makes the Sullivan lighter, and as it is loaded upon and unloaded from the truck by power, moves itself into place and across the face without the use of crow-bars, it is much easier on the men than any other machine of like principle.
Cutting sidewrays continuously across the face of the room or heading, no "ribs" can possibly be left in the mining, hence the coal is always in a satisfactory condition for blasting. It has been ascertained that the machine will closely followr the line or plane of the feed chain; thus by elevating or depressing the feed chain all irregularities in the bottom may be avoided and quite steep grades climbed. The machine cutting practically on the bottom leaves no bottom coal for the loaders to lift, and, avoiding the irregularities in the floor, reduces the strain upon the machine, at the same time lessening the liability of loading dirty coal, all of which are usually incident to the long chain machines operating in an irregular seam.
From the loader's standpoint the Sullivan Electric Chain Machine is a great improvement over the older makes of chain machines, as the floor is left smooth, the debris has only to be thrown back a short distance and there is no bottom coal to be lifted.
For this machine an entirely new cutter chain has been designed, in which the cutters are set opposite, in pairs, the core or center being broken out by rakers. This arrangement not only results in coarser coal from the cut, but also a
s p, "3 S
O! O
greater economy in the consumption of power than if the bits or cutters were put in alternately or staggered. Furthermore, fewer cutters or bits are used, and as the adjustment of one set-screw fastens two bits, the operation of changing bits is of small moment.
In order to obviate breakage of the cutter chain when sulphur or other hard substances are encountered, a friction clutch is employed which slips when an unusual strain is brought upon the cutter chain. This does away with the safety washers of the old chain machines, which are usually ordered by the barrel.
The electric motor used is a four-pole shunt wound machine of consequent polar type with vertical armature. In the design of this motor special attention has been given to the proper lubrication of the bearings. The armature is of the "iron-clad" type, the coils being "form wound," grouped and embedded in the slots of the armature core. This construction enables the use of ample insulation of the best quality and insures freedom from the aggravating burnouts so common with the motors of the older makes of chain machines. The commutator is of liberal dimensions, and carbon brushes are employed; the frame is of such shape that falling material cannot enter the motor, while access to the commutator and brushes, as well as ventilation, is afforded by large openings in the sides which are provided with removable perforated covers.
A convenient controller is provided, by means of which the motor may be started gradually and operated continuously at various speeds, and the reverse lever is so arranged that it can be operated only when the armature is at a standstill. The motors are built for 220, 250 and 500 volts direct current and the machine made to undercut 5, 6 or feet.
In ordering, give heig-ht of coal, depth of undercut desired, voltage of current and gauge of mine track.
fl
Si
c
a=i
OS cS
;"
The following equipment is furnished with each Sullivan Electric Chain Machine :
1 standard truck for machine
1 reel containing 300 feet duplex waterproof cable
1 tool box with padlock and two keys
1 crank for motor
1 crank for reel
1 hand hammer
1 flat file
1 round nose chisel
1 screw driver
1 hand oil can
1 set solid wrenches 24 cutter bits
4 guide bits
8 raker bits
3 extra inside chain links
3 extra blank chain links
3 extra outside chain links
2 extra raker chain links
4 extra inside clamp bolts 4 extra outside clamp bolts
9 extra chain pins 1 pair cutter bit tongs 1 punch for driving pins 1 swivel hook 6 contact buttons
4 cable hooks
5 wire nipples
5 feet fuse wire
8 carbon brushes 1 hand tool box
6 change gears
1 set gauges for setting bits 1 front anchor
1 back pan anchor
2 back anchors 1 take-up rig
1 slack hoe
1 scraper
2 crowbars 1 jack
1 skid.
1 lot waste
List Sullivan Electric Chain Machines
Voltage of Motor
Depth of Undercut feet
Code Word
Halobato
'5
Halobessi
Halobix
Halobode
Halocarte
50O . . .
Halocesa
Halocious
6%
Halocipp
Halocomo
iS
£ G
Is Si
Cm 09 J5 O
The Sullivan Long Hall Machine For the Mining of Coal
HE long wall system of mining is particularly well adapted to coal cutting machinery
,
as the machine
may travel continuously along the face of the coal and is rarely moved to another portion of the mine ; this greatly increases the cutting efficiency, as the time may be utilized
in the performance of work which would otherwise be consumed in moving the machine from place to place in a room and pillar mine.
The long wall system has reached its zenith in Great Britain and in Continental Europe, being, so it is said, more generally followed than the room and pillar system; long wall mining has, however, been little followed in this country, no doubt for especial reasons, but recently a number of new mines have been opened on this system.
To satisfy the growing demand for a long wall mining machine, the Electric Chain Machine illustrated and described in the preceding pages has been modified to successfully meet the new conditions. The machine itself differs slightly from the Electric Chain Machine, the principal difference being that the cutter bar is placed at right angles to the main portion of the machine, and is so arranged that it may be swung in line with the machine when it is desired to load the latter onto a truck in order to move it to some other portion of the mine. The swinging movement of the cutter
bar may, if desired, also be taken advantage of during the process of changing bits.
As will be noticed from the illustrations, the machine slides along the floor of the mine on a sheet steel shoe, and requires no heavy and cumbersome rails, used with the other makes of long wall machines; it will work in little space both as regards height and distance between face and props. The advance or feed of the machine is effected by a driving sprocket engaging with a chain securely fastened some distance ahead of the machine, and stretched parallel to the face of the coal. As the machine advances, the slack in the chain is taken up by the back chain ; in other words, the chain is in one continuous piece, and as the machine advances, the slack is fed out at the rear end, by means of which the machine is always kept up to its work and at the proper angle to the face of the coal. Should it be necessary to alter the angle of the machine with the face of the coal, the tension on the chain may be changed by the ratchet at the back end of the chain and the machine made to assume any desired angle with the face. This machine is driven by electricity, and, with the exception of changes mentioned, otherwise conforms to the Electric Chain Machine. The motors are wound for 220, 250 and 500 volts direct current and the machines are built to undercut up to five feet deep.
In ordering, give height of coal, depth of undercut desired, voltage of current and gauge of mine track.
List Sullivan Long llall Machines
Voltage of Motor
Depth of Undercut feet
Code Word
Halofag
. Halofette
. Halofird
Halo form
. Halofngel
Halogada
. Halogaff
Halogamos
5Oo
. Halogecon
Halogego
. Hologida
Ha logo ss
. Haloguter
Halojade
. Halojepta
Code Words Pertaining to Coal Mines
Coal 1 6 inches in height . Coal 1 8 inches in height . Coal 20 inches in height . Coal 22 inches in height . Coal 2 feet o inches in height . Coal 2 feet 3 inches in height . Coal 2 feet 6 inches in height . Coal 2 feet 9 inches in height . Coal 3 feet o inches in height . Coal 3 feet 3 inches in height . Coal 3 feet 6 inches in height . Coal 3 feet 9 inches in height . Coal 4 feet o inches in height . Coal 4 feet 6 inches in height . Coal 5 feet o inches in height . Coal 5 feet 6 inches in height . Coal 6 feet o inches in height . Coal 7 feet o inches in height . Coal 8 feet o inches in height . Coal 9 feet o inches in heigHt . Coal 10 feet o inches in height . Coal 1 1 feet o inches in height . Coal 12 feet o inches in height . Gauge of track 18 inches . Gauge of track 19 inches . Gauge of track 20 inches . Gauge of track 2 1 inches . Gauge of track 22 inches . Gauge of track 23 inches . Gauge of track 24 inches .
Code Word
Halojion
Halojote
Halojuno
Halokapo
Halokegan
Halokicht
Halokoger
Halokori
Halokuero
Halolatch
Haloleda
Haloleif
Halo logic
Halo In bi
Halomalo
Halomaras
Halomesm
Halometer
Halomizen
Halomoki
Halomug
Haloogan
Haloop
Ha loot ax
Haloozero
Halopan
Halopeggi
Halopit
Haloporcn
Halopubcr
Gauge of track 26 inches . Gauge of track 28 inches . Gauge of track 30 inches . Gauge of track 32 inches . Gauge of track 34 inches . Gauge of track 36 inches . Gauge of track 38 inches . Gauge of track 40 inches . Gauge of track 42 inches . Gauge of track 44 inches . Gauge of track 46 inches . Gauge of track 48 inches . Mining done in coal . Mining done in clay beneath coal
Mining done in
Vein level
Pitch of vein i degree
Pitch of vein 2 degrees
Pitch of vein 3 degrees
Pitch of vein 4 degrees
Pitch of vein 5 degrees
Pitch of vein 6 degrees
Pitch of vein 7 degrees
Pitch of vein 8 degrees
Pitch of vein 9 degrees
Pitch of vein 10 degrees .
Pitch of vein 1 2 degrees
Pitch of vein 15 degrees
Pitch in favor of load
Pitch against load
Pitch irregular
Plant to produce 100 tons per day
Code Word
Haloquail
Haloquern
Haloquox
Halorapo
Halorefer
Halorious
Halorfio
Halorgan
Halorian
Halorilla
Halorjah
Halorodox
Haloruato
Halosach
Halosein
Halosell
Halosetro
Halosisco
Halosolio
Halosugio
Halotage
Halotedar
Halotesen
Halothar
Halotilla
Halotjam
Halotmo
Halotness
Halotoro
Halotpare
Halotque
Plant to produce 150 tons per day Plant to produce 200 tons per day Plant to produce 250 tons per day Plant to produce 300 tons per day Plant to produce 350 tons per day Plant to produce 400 tons per day Plant to produce 500 tons per day Plant to produce 600 tons per day Plant to produce 800 tons per day Plant to produce 1000 tons per day Plant to produce 1500 tons per day Plant to produce 2000 tons per day Plant to produce 2500 tons per day Plant to produce 3000 tons per day Single shift Double shift Mine run coal . Coal over i-inch screen . Coal over i-inch screen .
Code Word
Halo sane Halouser Halorat Haloramog Halorester Haloricat Halorotro Halowaca Halowaggo Haloivasi Haloiveen Halowelor Halowjord Halowoba . Halowousa Halozaka Halozeil Haloziera Halozolo
Relative Cost of Machine and Hand or Pick Mining
For the purpose of showing the saving in machine mining over pick or hand mining, the following pages contain the official mining scales of the chief coal-producing States of this country. In West Virginia, with few exceptions, and in most of the Southern States, the wage settlement with the miners is based on bulk measurement instead of weight, and as the contents of the mine cars vary with nearly every mine, it is impossible to tabulate the different mining scales in these States.
Where no scale is shown it is customary to allow one-eighth of the pick rate for cutting and scraping with the chain machine, and one-fifth for the pick machine, sixty per cent, of which goes to the cutter and forty per cent, to the scraper, the loader following either of these machines being allowed one-half of the pick rate, with an additional allowance of about three cents per ton if the holes for blasting are drilled by hand.
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Air Compressors Diamond Core
Drills Rock Drills
The Sullivan Straight Line Air Compressor This Type Designated as Class WE
HIS compressor is of the familiar horizontal straight line type, and is equipped with a simple steam cylin- I der and compound L air cylinders, all self-contained and on a strong cast iron bed plate.
The steam cylinder is fitted with the Meyer adjustable cut-off valve gear, which may be adjusted at will when the machine is running by turning an easily accessible hand wheel, the position of the cut-off being indicated by a pointer. To start the compressor slowly, it is usual to set the cut-off so that the pressure is carried nearly throughout the full stroke; the fly-wheels are then turned by the hand-starting device, and the throttle gradually opened until the machine is under full motion, when the cut-off is run back to the point desired. The steam cylinder is thoroughly covered with a suitable non-conductor of heat, which is enclosed in a nea.t sheet steel lagging, and little steam energy is lost by radiation.
The air is compressed in two stages, with an intercooler placed between the two air cylinders ; the positions of the air cylinders being the reverse of those found in most machines of this type. The high pressure cylinder is placed on the extreme end of the frame, the low pressure cylinder between it and the steam cylinder. This arrangement offers several advantages; for instance, the large piston rod passes through the large cylinder and the small piston rod through\the small cylinder. With the small rod passing through the high
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pressure cylinder head, larger valves may be used in this head, as there is more space left between the rod and the bore of the cylinder. Further, there is but one stuffing box exposed to high pressure instead of two. It allows the air discharge pipe to be led away from the machine at the extreme end, doing away with the necessity of cutting out a passage through the foundation for the accommodation of this pipe, which would result in structural weakness at that point.
The fly-wheels are placed at the other extreme end of the frame, rendering all parts of the machine more accessible than if the fly-wheels were placed between the steam and high pressure air cylinders.
The inlet valves of the low pressure air cylinder are mechanically and noiselessly operated, and being of liberal area, insure the cylinder filling completely, even when the compressor is run at great speed.
Each compressor is provided with a combined speed and pressure regulator, perfectly governing all variations in speed and pressure. These machines are very carefully and intelligently designed, thus run in better balance than other compressors of similar type, and as they are constructed of the best materials obtainable, show a remarkable freedom from breakage and wear.
If interested in air compressors, send for the special catalogue on the subject.
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Detailed Description of the Sullivan Straight Line Air Compressor
This Type Designated as Class WE
THE frame is a heavy box-shaped casting, strongly ribbed and provided with a solid bottom under the steam end for collecting oil and drippings from the steam cylinder, crosshead, guides and steam valve gear ; the bottom contains an opening for draining. The top of the frame is made level with the center line of the piston rods, which prevents the bending strains when the centers of the piston rods are above the top of the frame.
The steam cylinder is made of
Frame
Steam Cylinder
Sectional View of Steam Cylinder
sand mold and bored to a true circle ; all ports and passages for live and exhaust steam are of ample size to give a minimum frictional resistance. The steam distribution is regulated by a Meyer adjustable valve gear, having a wide range of action, the adjustment being easily and quickly made by a hand wheel, even when the machine is in motion. The cylinder drain cocks are of a special pattern and can be opened or closed like an ordinary globe valve, but which will automatically open under an excess of pressure due to water in the cylinder.
Air Cylinders
Intercooler
Sectional
View of Air
Cylinders and
Intercooler
The air cylinders are made of hard, close-grained iron, cast in a dry sand mold, the water jacket being formed by a separate lining forced into the main cylinder. Cylinders cast in one piece, with the water jacket space "cored" out, usually contain shrinkage strains, which are avoided by inserting the separate lining to form the jacket space. Openings are provided for draining the jackets and for washing them out.
The intercooler is a casting mounted upon the two air cylinders and is provided with a suitable number of copper tubes through which the cooling water circulates. The tube ends are made tight by suitable packing, held in place by brass ferules. The ferules are not screwed in, but are forced against the packing by means of brass binder plates held in place by the outside head. Instead of the air passing once through the intercooler, as is the usual practice, it is compelled, by means of suitable baffling plates, to traverse it three times before arriving at the high pressure cylinder.
.Through this arrangement the air is brought into more intimate contact with the cooling surfaces, and is given a longer time in which to reduce its temperature. The jacket water first passes through the low pressure cylinder, and thence traverses three times the intercooler tubes, and leaves the machine at the top of the intercooler shell. By this system of circulation, all danger is avoided of the accumulation of air in the water spaces. As nearly all the heat due to compression is absorbed in the intercooler, the rise in temperature of the circulating water in passing through the cylinder jackets before its arrival at the intercooler is insignificant.
The inlet valves on the low pressure air cylinder are mechanically operated by means of a suitably formed cam, rigidly attached to the crank pin, and giving to cast steel yokes, to which the outer ends of the valve spindles are joined, an intermittent reciprocating motion. The action of this mechanism is to apply spring pressure to open the valve immediately at the beginning of the stroke, and to close the valve immediately at the end of the stroke, while in the intervening time between opening and closing, the valves remain stationary. All parts of this mechanism are made as light as possible consistent with proper strength, to reduce the effect of momentum and to minimize wear on the cam and roll; the yokes are easily removable by loosening two nuts on the yoke-rods and quick
Air
Valve
Gear
Inlet Valves
on Low
Pressure Air
Cylinder
access to the valves is thus obtained.
The inlet valves on the low pressure air cylinder are made of the best selected forged steel, with the stems drilled out tore duce weight, the cages for guiding the valves being made in halves and of a hard composition. The valves and seats are accurately fitted and ground together, the seat being made of a ring of hard composition. The inner ends of the valves are made in such a form that the shock produced by sudden closing is widely distributed through the metal at the junction of the head and the stem. In poppet valves, as commonly constructed, breakage at this point is largely due to the heavy, solid stems, the momentum of which, at the instant of closing, produces strains which cause crystallization and eventually rupture occurs. To guard against the danger of the valve being drawn into the cylinder in the event of breakage, guard plates are often placed on the inner side of the cylinder head. This arrangement necessitates large pockets for the valves to work in, and these pockets add greatly to the clearance. By the peculiar construction of the valves in the Sullivan compressor, the guard plates and their accompanying evil of large clearance spaces are entirely done away with. The passages through the cages of the
inlet valve are free from obstruction wings and ribs, giving a very free opening through which the incoming air may enter the cylinder.
The high pressure inlet
Low Pressure Air Cylinder, showing Valve Motion
Inlet Valve
on High
Pressure Air
Cylinder
Cage for Inlet Valve on High Pressure Air Cylinder
air valves are similar in form and construction to the low pressure inlet air valves, but instead of obtaining their movement-mechanically, are opened and closed by the pressure of the air.
The discharge valves are made of the best selected steel, of cupshaped form, and are internally guided on an extension of the valve plug with the springs inside, thus being fully protected from dirt. In valves which are guided externally, the oil and dirt forms a hard crust on the outside and causes difficulty in removing the valve.
Air is drawn into the machine through a conduit connected with a box leading from a suitable point outside the building and passing beneath the engine room floor. This conduit, which is supplied with the compressor, is provided at its upper end with a rectangular flange which bolts to the low pressure cylinder. There are no inaccessible air passages through the foundation, with wooden pieces difficult to fit to the irregular shape of the cylinder and heads and liable from their location to permit dirt and warm air to be drawn in through carelessly fitted joints.
Air and steam pistons are accurately fitted to the bore of the cylinder, and provided with spring-ring packing and secured to the rod by means of taper fits and lock nuts, the piston rods being made of the best forty-carbon hammered steel.
The crosshead is an open hearth steel casting of ample size and strength to insure against breakage. It has a swivel pin connection to the piston rods, and is provided with a practical and satisfactory " take-up " for the wear on this pin. It is impossible for the crosshead to get out of order, as there is no complication
Air Discharge 89 Valve
Inlet Valves on High Pressure Air Cylinders
Air Discharge Valves
Air Conduit
Air and Steam Pistons
Crosshead
Flywheels
Steam
Valve
Gear
Crank
Pins and
Shaft
Crank
Shaft
Bearings
of split pins, wedges or other devices to stick and thus defeat the object of swiveling and cause unequal strains on the connecting rods. The surfaces of the crosshead in contact with the guides are provided with brass shoes.
I:
Crosshead
Two fly-wKeels are used, one on each side, of the machine, the rims being turned smooth and round.
The slide valves in the steam cylinder are balanced and are operated by two eccentrics on the crank shaft between the main bearings, the main and cut-off eccentrics and adjustable link boxes being made alike. The rocker arms to which the valve rods are connected are made of open hearth steel castings, the lower ends of which are bushed with hard brass liners.
Crank pins and shaft are made of the best forged steel procurable.
The crank shaft bearings are best bronze castings, recessed for babbitt and are made in three pieces. The side pieces or cheeks are adjustable for wear, taken up by means of a wedge moved by a nut on the top of the main bearing cap. The side pieces may be removed without disturbing the fly-wheels or shaft; the bottom pieces may be removed by raising the shaft and flywheels about one-half inch from their normal position. This arrangeme permits of quick and easy accesf| examination of the main bearii in case of overheating.
The governor is of the centrift gal ball throttling type, with an extra
Combined Speed and Pressure Regulator
cylinder which places the governor valve tinder the influence of the air receiver pressure. Ordinarily, the governor varies the speed of the compressor to suit the demand for air, the centrifugal balls preventing the compressor from exceeding a safe speed. The governor belt is run from a pulley to the outer end of the crank pin. When this pulley is located on the shaft between the fly-wheels, the belt becomes covered with oil from the main bearings, which, besides causing it to slip on the pulley, soon ruins the belt.
On one side of the machine and within convenient reach of the throttle is placed a lever operating, through suitable connections, a pawl on one of the fly-wheels, for turning the machine by hand. The lever may be removed from its socket after the compressor has started, and the pawl automatically clears itself from the wheel.
All of the cylinders are provided with suitable sight-feed lubricators; the crank pins are fitted with pendulum oilers with stationary cups. All important bearings are fitted with sight-feed oil cups.
With each compressor, in addition to a blue print showing foundation required, the following fittings are furnished:
One combined speed and pressure regulator.
One yoke-throttle valve with flange connection.
One complete set of foundation bolts, nuts and washers.
One complete set solid wrenches.
One complete set of piston and valve rod packing.
One complete set of lubricators for steam and air cylinders.
One complete set of cylinder drain cocks.
Sight-feed oil cups for all bearings.
Combined Speed and Pressure Regulator
Hand
Starting
Device
Lubricators and Oilers
Fittings
Sullivan Straight Line Air Compressor This Type Designated as C I a s s W A
THE Sullivan Straight Line Air Compressor, Class WA, with simple steam and air cylinders, has been designed to meet the conditions where low cost is considered more important than efficiency and economy of operation. This compressor is identical with the Class W B Compressor previously described in this catalogue, except that the frame is shorter and the high pressure air cylinder and intercooler are dispensed with, the air being compressed up to its final pressure in a single cylinder.
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Data Required for Air Compressors
WHEN writing for prices or other information pertaining to air compressors, the following data should be furnished:
1. Volume of free air per minute required.
3. Number, size and kind of machines to be operated by the compressed air.
4. If for pumping, give make, size and speed of pump, and height to which water must be delivered.
5. Altitude, if over 1,000 feet above sea level.
6. If for steam-actuated compressor, give working steam pressure.
7. If for belt or gear driven compressor, give power available, diameter of driving pulley or gear, etcetera.
8. Any design of compressor preferred.
The more full the information regarding the special conditions under which the compressor is to be operated, the more closely can be determined the type of machine which will best meet the requirements of the case.
Other 7 y p e s and D e s i g n s of Compressors Manufactured
IN addition to the Straight Line Steam Driven Air Compressor, the company constructs machines of this type driven by belt or gears, using whatever power may be available, electricity, gas or water power.
Also a full line of Duplex Air Compressors having all possible variations in design are made, viz. :
Simple steam with simple air cylinders.
Simple steam with cross-compound air cylinders.
Cross-compound steam with simple air cylinders.
Cross-compound steam with cross-compound air cylinders.
The steam cylinders are fitted with Meyer adjustable cut-off, balanced, or Corliss valve gear as desired, to be run condensing or non-condensing in case of compounding.
The special Air Compressor Catalogue fully illustrates and describes these different designs, and a copy will be furnished upon request.
Efficiency of Air Compressors
From H i s c o x ' s ''Compressed Air"
"AS the density of the atmosphere decreases with the altitude, a compressor located at a high altitude takes in less air at each revolution; that is to say, the air is taken in at a lower pressure ; hence the early part of each stroke is occupied in compressing the air from the lower density up to the normal sea level pressure of 14.7 pounds, and the volumetric capacity of the air cylinder is correspondingly diminished. The power required to drive the same compressor is also less than at sea level, but the decrease in power required is not in as great a ratio as the reduction in capacity. Therefore, compressors to be used at high altitudes should have the steam and air cylinders properly proportioned to meet the varying conditions at different altitudes. The compressor friction and leakage losses are a constant quantity.
"It is apparent that the more dense the air when drawn into the compressor cylinder, the sooner the desired pressure is reached in terms of the cylinder stroke, and, on the contrary, the lighter or less dense the air is at the intake, the smaller will be the volume at the desired pressure, or, the pressure is reached at a later point in the stroke.
' ' The air temperature at high levels is on the average lower than at sea level throughout the year, which slightly increases the density due to the height alone; so that the volumetric efficiency may be somewhat higher than is due to barometric pressure alone.
"The decreased power required by a compressor due to elevation varies from 60 to 56 per cent, of the loss of capacity."
Efficiency of Compressors at Different Altitudes From H i s c o x ' s ''Compressed Air'
Barometric Pressure
Volumetric
Altitude in Feet
Efficiency of Compressor
Loss of Capacity Per Cent.
Decreased Power
Per Cent.
Inches
Pounds per
Mercury
Square Inch
Per Cent.
Horse Power Required to Compress 100 Cubic Feet of Free Air to Various Pressures
Saving, Two Stage over
Gauge
Pressures
Single Stage
Two Stages
Single Stage Compression
Horse Power
Per Cent.
Table showing Cubic Feet of Free Air Required to Run from One to Forty Machines
Amount Free Air Per Minute
Rock Drills
Pick Coal Machines
No. of
Machines
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Transmission of Compressed Air
In order to determine the proper size of pipes to carry a certain flow of compressed air, there will be found in the following" pages four tables showing the loss due to friction in pipes one hundred feet in length, with different diameters of pipes and volumes of air, the initial pressure being 60, 75, 90 and 100 pounds gauge pressure respectively. To ascertain what the terminal loss in pressure would amount to in a given case, turn to the table corresponding to the initial pressure, and determine what the loss would be in a pipe one hundred feet long; then nmltiply the loss in pressure found in the table, by the length of the pipe in units of one hundred feet, and the result will be the terminal loss in pressure. For example, suppose it is desired to find the loss in pressure due to friction in a 4-inch pipe 1200 feet long, carrying 1000 cubic feet free air compressed to an initial gauge pressure of 75 pounds per square inch. By referring to the table on page 103 the loss in 100 feet of pipe is .36 pounds; multiplying this factor by 12 gives a loss of 4.32 pounds for the entire length of the pipe, or a terminal gauge reading of 70.68 pounds.
To cause the air to flow through pipes there must be some reduction in the pressure at the discharging point, but how greatly to restrict this loss in pressure is a question of business economy, as almost any amount of mechanical efficiency may be obtained, but possibly with an extravagant expenditure for pipe. It is therefore necessary to understand the local conditions as to cost of fuel, labor, etcetera, on one hand, and the cost of pipe on the other hand, before a definite opinion can be given on this subject.
Loss of pressure should not be confounded with a loss of power, as there is nearly a corresponding increase in volume with a reduction in the pressure, and hence the loss in energy is much smaller than the tables seem to indicate. Richards, in "Compressed Air," on this subject has the following to say:
"With pipes of proper size, and in good condition, air may be transmitted, say, ten miles, with a loss of pressure of less than i pound per mile. If the air were at 80 pounds gauge, or 95 pounds absolute, upon entering the pipe, and 70 pounds gauge, or 85 pounds absolute, at the other end, there would be a loss of a little more than 10 per cent, in absolute pressure, but at the same time there would be an increase of volume of n per cent, to compensate for the loss of pressure, and the loss of available power would be less than 3 per cent. With higher pressures still more favorable results could be shown."
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N erroneous idea sometimes exists that an air receiver acts as a reservoir of power so that in case the compressor is temporarily called upon to deliver more air than it can produce, the storage of power within the receiver will supply the deficiency. A receiver for this purpose would be large and costly, and the money so invested could be more judiciously used in purchasing a compressor large enough to meet its greatest demands.
Receivers of ordinary size have several functions to perform, in equalizing the pulsations in the air coming from the compressor, in collecting the water and grease which the air carries in suspension, and in reducing the friction of the air within the pipe system. It is customary to place a receiver within a few feet of the compressor, which serves principally to equalize the pulsations of the air due to the action of the compressor, the air coming to the receiver intermittently and leaving it in a steady flow. A second receiver should be placed near where the air is to be used, the air is cooled in passing to it through the pipes, and the water carried in suspension precipitated and drained into this receiver, and emptied at intervals by opening a valve, or discharged automatically through a suitable trap. An arrangement of this sort insures dry air for the machines, and hence all danger of freezing is obviated.
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The Sullivan Air Receivers
Sullivan Receivers are made of homogeneous steel of 60,000 pounds tensile strength, one sheet ."being used for the smaller sizes and two or more sheets for the larger sizes. The girth seams are single and the side seams double riveted, and the receiver is thoroughly tested and made tight under 150 pounds cold-water pressure. A manhole is provided, and the inlet and discharge pipes are connected by flanges.
Diameter in inches
Length in feet
Thickness of Shell in inches
Thickness of Heads in inches
Code Word
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Kajxigon
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Unless otherwise specified there is supplied with each air receiver : One pressure gauge ; one pop safety valve ; one blow-off cock.
Sullivan Diamond Prospecting Core Drill. Single cylinder hydraulic feed
no
Sullivan and Bullock Diamond Prospecting Drills
For Rapid and Economical Prospecting of Coal and Mineral Lands
T is now a well established fact that the only reliable and satisfactory way of drilling-prospect holes is by means of a diamond core drill. Other methods of prospecting, where the churn drill process is used, are absolutely valueless so far as reliable results are concerned. Many instances might be cited where sums of from one thousand to twenty-five thousand dollars have been thrown away in sinking-shafts for coal on records furnished by churn drills, the supposed vein of coal proving to be a black bituminous shale ; it is impossible to accurately determine with the churn drill the difference between coal and black slate, or shale if highly carboniferous.
The diamond drill bores a perfectly straight smooth hole to any depth, or in any given direction from vertical to horizontal, bringing to the surface a solid section or "core" of all strata passed through and in order, showing exact depth, thickness and character of the rock. This core is large enough to permit of thorough examination, analysis and test; and, what is of almost equal value, if the coal or mineral sought for is absent, the fact is determined beyond a doubt. It also gives positive information of the material which would be met in sinking a shaft to work the coal or mineral indicated as present, making it possible to estimate closely the cost of the shaft.
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Sullivan Diamond Prospecting Core Drill. Friction feed. For underground use
The requirements of a machine for such work are many and exacting. It must be strong", simple and durable, economical in use of power and in the wear of the diamond points or "carbon," rapid in operation, and above all, its work must be accurate and reliable, so that the results derived from it will be known to be correct, as upon them depends the expensive process of sinking" shafts and driving tunnels, as well as the investment of large sums of money in land.
Not only for prospecting from the surface, but for drilling in advance of levels underground, for sinking wells for gas, oil or water, especially where coal, salt or other minerals are looked for; in submarine work, for prospecting quarry lands, and for many other special purposes, the diamond drill is far superior to any other, consequently it is in general use, and is considered essential to the economical development of coal or mineral lands, as possessing great advantage in time, accuracy and economy over any other method of prospecting.
The Sullivan and Bullock Diamond Prospecting Core Drills embody all the latest improvements suggested by long experience in manufacturing, as well as in operating such machines. This varied experience has resulted in the manufacture of diamond drills having no equal for accuracy and reliability, and wherever advanced mining methods are in use the Sullivan and Bullock Diamond Drills are well known, and the large sale of them in the United States, as well as in most of the foreign' countries, proves the extent of their reputation. One of the greatest difficulties in prospecting for coal has been the inability to obtain a complete core of the coal, but during the past few years the company has designed an improved double tube core barrel which has entirely overcome this difficulty, and made possible the saving of full coal core.
In order to make the line as complete as possible, new designs and improvements on the old are constantly being made. Machines are now built with capacities for drilling holes ranging from three hundred feet to over one mile
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If interested in diamond drills, send for the special catalogue on this subject.
A large assortment of black diamonds or "carbon" and bortz is carried in stock, which has been selected by experts from original parcels direct from the mines. Customers are thus assured of superior quality.
Prices quoted upon application.
Equipment Tables for Sullivan Diamond Drills
The following equipment is furnished with the "RH," "H," "HG," "C," "B," "HN," "CN," "N," "P," "PK" and "K" drills:
2 blank bits, ready to set 205 feet of drill rods with couplings (2010-ft, 15-ft.)
2 core lifters 1 core shell
25 feet 4-ply water hose with connection, for drill rods 12 feet 4-ply water hose with connection, to connect drill and pump
10 feet 6-ply steam hose with connection, for drill (5-ply for "C" and "H")
5 feet 2-ply drip hose
1 swivel steam connection for engine
1 wire rope (wound on hoisting drum) with hook. With " C " and "H," 75 feet of -in. rope ; with " B " and " N, " 100 feet of >£-in. rope; with "P," 150 feet of -in. rope; with "PK" and "K," 155 feet of IX-in. rope
1 drive chuck
1 safety clamp
2 sheaves for hoisting rods, with straps and hooks
1 lifting bail with clevis
1 bail and bolt for sheave
1 lifting swivel or hoisting plug,
with coupling 1 water swivel with coupling and
elbow
1 pressure gauge for feed cylinder
1 tool chest with lock and key
1 complete set of diamond-setting
tools, consisting of: 1 3# -in. jaw vise, with swiveled
base 1 breast drill with 5 bits from
yi to X in. diam. 1 set of 12 setting chisels and
punches 1 light hammer for diamond
setting 1 pair each, 6-in. dividers, inside
and outside calipers 1 head for holding bits while
setting
1 machinist's hammer
1 screw-driver
1 draw bolt for gears
1 copper strainer and union
2 pairs pipe tongs
1 complete set of solid wrenches
for engine, chuck, etc. 1 hand oiler 1 1-gallon oil can
1 engine oil cup with valve
2 recovering taps
Rubber and hemp packing and waste
All pipe and fittings necessary to connect drill, pump and boiler
Equipment Tables for Sullivan Diamond Drills
The following-equipment is furnished with sizes "E" and " S. " This same equipment is also furnished with "R" and "RS" drills, with additions as per note below:
2 blank bits ready to set 200 feet of drill rods with couplings (39 5-ft. , 5 1-ft.) 1 5-ft. core barrel 1 core shell, and 2 core lifters 17 feet of 1 in 4-ply steam hose 17 feet of |-in. 2-ply water hose 1 water swivel with coupling 1 lifting swivel with coupling 1 drive chuck 1 safety clamp 1 extra set of feed gears 1 extra friction spring 1 pressure gauge 1 tool chest with lock and key 1 complete set of diamond setting tools, consisting of: 1 3-in. jaw vise with swiveled
base 1 breast drill, with 5 bits from
to X in-diameter 1 set of 12 setting chisels and punches
1 light hammer for diamond
setting
1 pair each, 6-in. dividers, inside and outside calipers 1 head for holding bits 1 machinist's hammer 1 6-in. adjustable level
1 pair pipe tongs
1 complete set of solid wrenches
for engine, etc. 1 13-in. sheave wheel with strap
and hook 1 hand oiler 1 half-gallon oil can
1 engine oil cup
2 recovering taps
Rubber and hemp packing, and waste
Valves and fittings ready to connect to supply of steam or compressed air
Note.— The equipment furnished with the diamond prospecting drills " R," "R S " and " RH " includes also motor, carbon brushes, switch, and extra fuses, but does not include speed controllers, steam hose, or swivel connection. With the UR" drill a pump, attached to the drill frame, is included in the equipment.
The following' equipment is furnished with the (hand power) drill:
M"
2 blanks bits ready to set
1 set of 12 chisels and punches
for diamond setting 1 head for holding bits while
setting 1 00 feet of drill rods with couplings
(9 10-ft., 1 5-ft , 320-in.) 1 lever hand pump 1 10-foot core barrel 1 20-in. core barrel 1 core shell and 2 lifters 12 feet of 1-in. 4-ply suction hose
with connection and strainer 10 feet of >-in. 2-ply water hose 1 water swivel
1 lifting swivel
1 coupling, drive spindle to rods 1 safety clamp
1 tool box with lock and key
2 pairs pipe tongs
1 complete set of solid wrenches
1 hand oil can
1 half-gallon oil can
2 hand cranks
1 13-in. sheave wheel with strap and hook
Bullock Diamond Prospecting Core Drill. Twin hydraulic cylinder feed
Us
Bullock Diamond Prospecting Core Drill. Screw feed
Horse Power Connection
Bullock Diamond Prospecting Core Drill. Hand, horse or belt power, screw feed
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Equipment Tables f ° r Bullock Diamond Drills
The following" equipment " Champion " and " Detector
2 blank bits, ready to set 205 feet of drill rods with couplings (20 10-ft., 1 5-ft.)
1 20-in. core barrel (only necessary with the "Beauty" drill)
1 core shell and 2 core lifters 20 feet 4-ply water hose, with connection to connect drill and pump
1 wire rope (wound on hoisting drum) with hook. With ' ' Champion " and ' Beauty, " 75 feet of -in. rope; with "Detector," 100 feet )-in. rope
1 safety clamp
1 sheave for hoisting rods, with strap and hook
1 lifting bail with clevis
1 bail and bolt for sheave
1 lifting swivel or hoisting plug, with coupling
1 water swivel, with coupling and elbow
1 tool chest with lock and key
1 pound No. 18 copper wire
1 machinist's hammer
is furnished with the "Beauty," " drills:
1 complete set of diamond-setting tools, consisting of :
1 3X-in. jaw vise, with swiveled base
1 breast drill, with 5 bits from -in. to X~in-diameter
1 set of 12 setting chisels and punches
1 light hammer for diamond setting
1 pair each, 6-inch dividers, inside and outside calipers
1 head for holding bits while setting
2 pairs pipe tongs, adjustable 1 to
2 inches
1 complete set of solid wrenches for
engine, chuck, etc. 1 hand oiler 1 1 -gallon oil can
1 engine oil cup, with valve
2 recovering taps
Rubber and hemp packing ; waste
All pipe and fittings necessary to
connect drill pump and boiler
The following" equipment is furnished with the "Badger" drill :
2 blank bits ready to set 200 feet of drill rods, with couplings (39 5-ft., 5 1-ft.) 1 20-in. core barrel 1 5-ft. core barrel 1 core shell and 2 core lifters 20 feet of >-in. 3-ply water hose I water swivel, with coupling 1 lifting swivel, with coupling I safety clamp 1 extra set of feed gears 1 tool chest, with lock and key 1 complete set of diamond-setting tools, consisting of : 1 3X~m- Jaw vise, with swiveled base 1 breast drill, with 5 bits from
>6-m. to X'in-diameter. 1 set of 12 setting chisels and
punches
1 light hammer for diamond setting
1 pair each, 6-in. dividers, inside and outside calipers
1 head for holding bits 1 machinist's hammer 1 6-in. adjustable level
1 pair pipe tongs
1 complete set of solid wrenches
for engine, etc. 1 13-in. sheave wheel, with strap
and hook 1 hand oiler 1 half -gallon oil can
1 engine oil cup
2 recovering taps
Rubber and hemp packing and waste
Valves and fittings ready to connect to supply of steam or compressed air
Prospecting by Contract with the Diamond Drill
ATTENTION is called to the fact that the company contracts for diamond prospecting core drilling of all kinds and in any part of the country. Making a specialty of this line of work for years, a wide and varied experience has been gained. The policy of keeping the drill men constantly employed, and with a number of outfits reserved for this purpose, enables prompt execution of contract drilling of any kind and in any locality.
Correspondence on this subject is solicited, and estimates of cost will gladly be furnished upon receipt of information as to the conditions of the work.
The Sullivan Rock Drill. Rock drill mounted on double screw column at work in coal mine taking down roof
The Sullivan Rock Drill
For Excavatin
Rock
PERCUSSIVE rock drill is a very valuable and useful adjunct in and about coal mines, as it may be used successfully and economically in shaft sinking, in driving slopes or drifts through solid rock, in taking down roof or in lifting
bottom to obtain increased height, and in driving through "faults" or "horsebacks"; in fact, a Sullivan Rock Drill will save much time and expense over any other means of driving throtigh rock. In general, about coal mines very little attention has been paid to the cost of rock excavation, and this in many cases is one of the serious leaks in expense.
The Sullivan Rock Drill is a reciprocating or striking machine driven by compressed air or steam, and is the result of years of careful study and experimenting. In its design, special attention has been given to the strengthening of parts found to cause continuous trouble in other makes, and also to the reduction of the number of working parts, the object being to exceed the drilling capacity of any other machine, and at the same time greatly reduce the cost for repairs.
For rapid work, special attention has been given to the design of the valve motion, to secure a hard, quick blow, which can be regulated as to length of stroke and force of blow to give the best results in starting the hole and working through seams in broken rock.
The valves are designed for either steam or air, and when air is used will not freeze up or stick. The valves
The Sullivan Rock Drill mounted on adjustable tripod
are balanced, making the wear but slight and allowing the whole power of the steam or air to be utilized for effective work instead of wasted in overcoming friction.
Another important requirement in a rock drill valve motion has been provided for in the Sullivan, viz., that the drill should have a powerful up stroke or lift. This is fully as important as a heavy down stroke or blow, and comes into play in the proper " mudding " of the drill-hole (keeping the mud well out from below the bit) and securing rapid work in caving or seamy ground, which tends to stick the drill steel. There are several drills on the market that are good in hard ground but inefficient in soft, or vice versa; but it is claimed for the Sullivan that it will give the best results obtainable in either — that it is an all-round machine.
To secure economy, the drill is so constructed as to do rapid work with the least possible consumption of steam or air, and simplicity and strength united with speed make the cost of work low. Cost of repairs will be found slight, as the drill is strong and durable. The working parts are simple, and are made perfectly interchangeable, so that parts worn out or broken by accident may be easily and rapidly replaced.
Further economy and convenience are secured by making the drills, tripods, columns and all attachments easy to adjust, compact, and as light as consistent with ample strength. The tripod may be set conveniently for all classes of work, and the weights quickly removed and easily handled.
The improved features of the drill, tripod, etc., are all covered by patents.
If interested in rock drills, send for the special catalogue on this subject.
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T/ie Sullivan Adjustable Tripod: i g h t s and Spec i fi cations
Size
Used with Drills Size
Weight in Pounds
Code Word
Tripod Only
Total Shipping
U2
Ua, Us
Bamboozle
U3
Ub, Uc
Bamburral
U6
UD, UE, UF i 230
Banalidade
U7
Uh, Uk 345
Banality
For weights and specifications of rock drills for attaching-to the above tripods, see page 128.
NOTE. — The U D drill can be used on U 3 tripod if the work is light, but this mounting is not recommended for deep holes.
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Weights and Specifications of Drill Steels for Sullivan Rock Drills
(Formed and Sharpened, but not Tempered)
For Drill "UA"— 2 Inches— Feed 12 Inches
Size of Shank, K in. x 3% in.
Regular Size of Gauge
Length Steel Name of Each f Q, , Weight in will Cut Length Pounds
Ifc
1 ft. 0 in. Starter % in. 8J£ 2 ft. 0 in. 2d length % in. 5 3 ft. 0 in. 3d length K in. 6 4 ft. 0 in. 4th length % in. 5 ft. 0 in. 5th length K in. 9
Code word, set Code word, set Code word, set
co 3 ft . Betaalde
to 4 ft Betaculi
to 5 ft . . . Betaculus
For Drill "US"— 2# Inches— Feed 15 Inches
Size of Shank, % in. x 4 in.
Regular Size of Length Steel Gauge will Cut
Size of Steel
Weight in Pounds
l&in. IK in. 1J* in. l&in. l#in.
1 ft. 3 in. 2 ft. 6 in. 3 ft. 9 in. 5 ft. 0 in. 6 ft. 3 in.
lin.
1 in. % in. % in. Kin.
Code word, set Code word, set Code word, set
to 3 ft 9 in Betagt
to 5 ft 0 in Betakelen
to 6 ft. 3 in . . Bet alter
For Drill UUB"— Inches— Feed 20 Inches
Size of Shank, % in. x 4% in.
Regular Size of Length Steel Gauge will Cut
Size of Steel
Weight in Pounds
IK in. IK in. 1J* in.
IK in.
1 ft. 8 in. 3 ft. 4 in. 5 ft. 0 in. 6 ft. 8 in. 8 ft. 4 in.
lin. lin. % in. % in. % in.
Code word, set Code word, set Code word, set
to 5 ft 0 in . Beterschap
to 6 ft. 8 in Biconge
to 8 ft 4 in Biconvexo
For Drill " UC "— 2& Inches— Feed 24 Inches
Size of Shank, 1 in. x 4J in.
Regular Size of Length Steel Gauge will Cut
Size of Steel
Weight in Pounds
2/8 in. 2 in. 1% in. IK in- IK in. 1# in.
2 ft. 0 in. 4 ft. 0 in. 6 ft. 0 in. 8 ft. 0 in. 10 ft. 0 in. 12ft. Oin.
l/s in. 1 in. 1 in. 1 in. 1 in.
Code word, set Code word, set Code word, set Code word, set
to 6 ft 0 in Bicorpor
to 8 ft 0 in Bicrural
to 10 ft Oin Bicuculle
to 12 ft. 0 in Bicuda
Weights and Spec ifi cations of Drill Steels for Sullivan Rock Drills — Continued
For Drill " UD "—3 Inches ) For Drill " UE "— Inches Feed 24 Inches For Drill "UP"— 8# Inches j
Size of Shank, 1% in. x 4% in.
Regular Size of Gauge
Length Steel will Cut
Size of Steel
Weight in Pounds
2Kin. 2H in. 2Kin. 2/8 in. 2 in. l%in. IK in. Wn.
2 ft. 0 in. 4 ft. 0 in. 6 ft. 0 in. 8 ft. 0 in. 10 ft. 0 in. 12 ft. 0 in. 14 ft. 0 in. 16 ft. 0 in.
IK in: IK in.
IK in. 154 in. l/s in. iys in. 1/8 in.
Code word, set to 10 f Code word, set to 12 f Code word, set to 14 Code word, set to 16 f
t. 0 in Bidbank
t o in . . Biddende
t Oin Bidelle
t 0 in Bidelulf
For Drill "UH"— 3% Inches— Feed 30 Inches
Size of Shank, IK in. x 5K in.
Regular Size of Gauge
Length Steel will Cut
Size of Steel
Weight in Pounds
3 in. m in. 2% in. 2% in. 2K in. 2#in. 2% in. 2l/s in.
2 ft. 6 in. 5 ft. 0 in. 7 ft. 6 in. 10 ft. 0 in. 12 ft. 6 in. 15 ft. 0 in. 17 ft. 6 in. 20 ft. 0 in.
l&in
1% in IjJ in IK in IK in
Code word, set to 12 i Code word, set to 15 i Code word, set to 17 i Code word, set to 20 f
t 6 in . . Bidplaats
t 0 in Bidstond
t 6 in Biquejar
t 0 in Biqutnho
For Drill "UK"-— 4K Inches— Feed 30 Inches
Size of Shank, IK in- x 6 in.
Regular Size of Gauge
Length Steel will Cut
Size of Steel
Weight in Pounds
3Kin. 3% in. 3%; in. 3% in. 3 in. 2% in. 25/8 in. 2K in.
2 ft. 6 in. 5 ft. 0 in. 7 ft. 6 in. 10 ft. 0 in. 12 ft. 6 in. 15 ft. 0 in. 17 ft. 6 in. 20 ft. 0 in. 22 ft. 6 in. 25 ft. 0 in. 27 ft. 6 in.
IfSin. 1*6 in. IK in. IK in. IK in. IK in. IK in. IK in. IK in. IK in-
Code word, set to 20 Code word, set to 22 Code word, set to 25 Code word, set to 27 i
"t 0 in . Birkens
"t 6 in Birkwein
"t 0 in . Bialaba,
't 6 in Birlabais
State whether + or X bits are wanted, and also give gauge or size hole required.
NOTE. — Regular gauge as above, with -f- bits, will be furnished unless otherwise directed.
As the temper of steel should vary according to the hardness of the rock, the drills are sent out untempered, thus allowing the local blacksmith to temper them to suit the special conditions.
Cross-Over
The Mitchell and Wilson Automatic Cross-Over Dumps
For Slope or Drift Mines
N these days of large operations a great deal of attention has been given to the tipple, so that the coal may be dumped rapidly and economically, at the same time permitting perfect screening with the least possible breakage of the coal. During past years a crude timber structure was usually erected at the mine opening, upon which an ordinary dump was placed. This dump was made so that the car had to be run upon it with considerable momentum, in order that the dump would tip at a sufficient angle to empty the car of its coal, and of course this resulted in the coal being thrown violently upon the chute or screen, thus breaking it and permitting of only imperfect screening. After the car had discharged its contents, the dump had to be pulled back to a horizontal position and the empty car backed off before the next loaded car could take its place on the dump. In order to reach a fair tonnage, five or six men were required upon the tipple to handle and re-handle the cars. It is now the customary practice to design a coal tipple so that every arrangement will be as convenient, economical and serviceable as possible for the production of a large tonnage. The crude tipple of bygone days has therefore given way to substantial wooden structures, and in many cases steel has been used for additional durability and safety.
2
To meet the conditions where greater tonnage and economies were desired, the Mitchell Automatic Cross-over Dump was designed and patented a number of years ago, its principal features being that the loaded car was run upon a tilting track section, was dumped, and, by reason of the difference in weight between the loaded and empty car, the tilting track section resumed a horizontal position automatically after the car had discharged its load. The next loaded car was then run forward, and the wheels striking a projecting arm on the track, threw the horns that held the first car in place, and running into the first car forced it across the dumping section. The first car being free from its load, continued forward and up a steep incline, returning by means of a spring switch upon the track for empty cars, the entire movement of the cars being regulated by gravity through specially constructed grades, which movement is shown by the engraving on the opposite page. By means of a friction brake the tilting of the car is completely under the control of the dumper, hence the coal is spread evenly over the screen and perfect screening is obtained with the least possible breakage of the coal.
Not having to back the empty car off the dump after being emptied permitted the Mitchell dump to vastly increase the tipple capacity of a mine with even fewer men than if the ordinary dump was in use. Actual runs of from 2,500 to 4,000 tons have been made over one of these automatic dumps in a shift.
Later were secured the rights and patents of the Wilson Automatic Cross-over Dump, which, embodying the same general features as the Mitchell, differed in some of the mechanical details. In the Mitchell dump the rails directly in front of the tilting section are spread as the car is being dumped, so that the coal in falling to the screen or chute below does not strike the rails; in the Wilson the front rails are dropped out of the way; otherwise these two dumps are practically identical. For narrow gauges of track, say thirty-six inches and less, the Mitchell is recommended, while for gauges of track in excess of thirty-six inches the Wilson dump is recommended.
Both of these dumps are strong-and simple in construction, being-built to withstand particularly hard use, and in the event of becoming damaged the mine blacksmith can usually make the necessary repairs.
But a small expense is necessary to arrange an old tipple for either of these dumps, simply requiring a new set of grades in approaching and leaving the dump and which any mine carpenter can construct, following blue prints furnished by the company. In the erection of a new tipple, the necessary grades may be built without any additional expense.
As each dump has to be especially made to conform to the mine car, the following car specifications are required in order to give a proper estimate on the cost, etcetera:
1. Length of mine car over all.
2. Distance between centers of axles.
5. Weight of empty car and loaded car.
6. Distance from center of axle to front end of draw-bar.
Ventilating
F A N S Winding E N G 1 N E S
T h e Champion V e ntilator A Fan for Ventilating Coal Mines
HERE is no question but that the tendency about most coal mines is to increase the pressure of the ventilating currents and the volume of air which enters the mine. In times gone by, little attention was given to the problem of mine ventilation ; in some cases no artificial means was provided, and in others a furnace was employed to move the air; but of course this was during the time of small operations. Along with the development of large mines with miles of air courses, the working of thin seams of coal, and particularly the operation of coal mines generating explosive or noxious gases, came a call for a fan of exceptional efficiency. The Champion Ventilator was designed to meet this growing demand, and, invented about thirty years ago, is the pioneer of all high pressure mine fans. Constant improvements since its first introduction have been made, fully keeping pace with the most advanced engineering practice.
The first fans were built of wood, but owing to the danger of fire and for sake of greater durability they are now built completely of sheet steel, thoroughly braced and stiffened. As it is a well-known fact that it is important to be able to reverse the air current within a mine, successful mine fans should be quickly convertible from blower to exhaust, or vice versa. This may be accomplished by two different devices. One consists of a reversible hood or inner casing which may be rotated around the axis by means of a
hand wheel, thus catising the fan to become a blower or exhauster as desired. The other reverses the current by the opening" or closing of doors located in the drift leading into the mine. The latter arrangement is generally preferred, as it is more simple and represents less initial cost. The fan wheel consists of practically two fans joined together by a common center ring, the openings in the sides being of ample size to admit the air freely to the interior and the blades. These are constructed with such a curvature as to propel or lift outward the maximum amount of air with the minimum resistance, and consequent minimum expenditure of power. As the water gauge or pressure of air is dependent upon the periphery speed of the fan wheel, it has been made very strong and stiff, to permit of fast rotation. The shaft is of large diameter and hence practically free from vibration; it is extended to one side of the fan for connection with the engine shaft if direct connected, or for attaching a pulley if belt driven.
If interested in mine fans, send for the special catalogue on this subject.
Table of Improved Champion Ventilator
Steel Casing and Fan W heel
Fan Wheel
Discharge
at Given
Outside Diam. Feet
Width O vet- Vanes, Feet
Number of Revolutions per Minute
Speed at Tips of Vanes or Periphery Speed, Feet per Minute
Speed at 2 Inches Water Gauge Pressure, Cubic Feet per Minute
Actual Horse Power Engine Required
Code Word
C ha sab or
Chasappa
Chasenon
Chaserio
Chasofic
Chasonat
Chasutos
Table of Horse Powers
Theoretical and Actual Horse Power required to move a given quantity of air
Water
Gauge
Cubic Feet
of Air
Ik
If*
w
2
4!i
J
3
5/
r
J
s
8.S
G
Ka Aaa ;
s
G
G
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s
17
;
j
Jo.O
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'
n.o
86J
j
r,
S
,
1
d
g
Height of
Water Column
in
Inches Corresponding
to Pressures in Ounces or
Pounds per Square
Foot
Inches Water
Gauge
u K
Ik
1%
1%
2K
3K
3%
Ounces
n
Lbs. per Sq. Ft...
Co £
Sullivan Winding Engines
For Hoisting and Hauling
HIS company makes a specialty of large hoisting and hauling engines, which are constructed with especial reference to simplicity, compactness, efficiency and durability. Sullivan Winding Engines are fully up to modern requirements, and before shipment is made the engines are tested under full steam pressure, thus insuring that every part is in perfect condition for immediate and continuous duty.
The Corliss frame with bored cross-head guides has been adopted as giving the greatest strength and stiffness. For large hoisting engines, the Corliss valve movement is recommended for the steam cylinders, but quotations will be furnished on steam cylinders fitted with " balanced" slide valves. Where it is practicable to hoist in balance, and where a large output is desired, the "first motion" hoist is advised. In this class of hoisting engine the drum or drums are keyed to a very heavy engine shaft, the wearing surfaces, especially the main bearings, are made of liberal area, and all through the engines are strongly proportioned to stand severe work. Automatic stops are provided, which, in case of overwinding, shut off the steam and apply the brakes to the drum. Suitable indicators show the position of the cages in the shaft. These engines are built with standard or conical drums and with brakes arranged for applying by hand or steam pressure or both. In many cases where flat rope is employed, the drums are substituted by reels. The
company also builds geared hoists where the drums are driven by carefully proportioned jaw or band friction clutches connected to the engine shaft.
Herein are illustrated only a few of the different styles of Sullivan Winding Engines, but specifications and estimates will be furnished for any proposition of hoisting or hauling about mines, and particularly hoisting from shafts or slopes, tail or endless rope haulage.
If interested in winding engines, send for the special catalogue on this subject.
n
d
A i
'age
P
Page
Air Compressors
Picks
"32
Air Receivers
Pick Machines
j
Postlude .
Coal Machines
Electric Chain
R
Long Wall
Receivers, Air
Pick
Rock Drills
Shearing
Code Words for Coal Mines .
S
Compressors, Air
Shearing Machines
Contract Diamond Drilling .
Shearing Wheels
D
T
Tables
Diamond
in
Air Requirement of Ma-
Rock
chines
Dumps, Automatic
Approximate Analyses of
Coals .
Electric Chain Machines . .
Average Price of Coal . Branch Pipes
Engines, Winding Equipment With Diamond Drills
Coal Mined by Machines in United States . . . . Coal Mined by Machines in
116, 117, With Electric Chain Machines
United States, number of Machines
With Pick Machines . . .
Efficiency, Air Compressors
F
Friction, for Air .
Fans, Mine
Mining Scales
Power to Compress Air
H
Production of Coal in
Hoisting Engines
United States, Total .
Hose, Air
52
Production of Coal in
United States, Percent-
Introductory
age Mined by Machines
For Pick Machine . . .
Long Wall Machine . . .
Power, for Chain Machine
M
Standard, for Chain Machine
Mining Machines
Electric Chain
Long Wall
Ventilator for Mines. .
Pick
Shearing
W
Mining Wheels
Winding Engines
u d
If this book has pleased or interested you, it has served its mission well, and acknowledgment of its receipt is respectfully requested. In a work of this size and character errors are liable to creep in and the company will appreciate having attention called to them.
Correspondence in reference to the machines herein illustrated and described is earnestly solicited, and patrons may be assured that it will receive prompt and courteous attention.
Sullivan Machinery Company.
Return to desk from which borrowed.
This book is DUE on
the last date stamped below.
Ld21