Natural History 1900-10: Vol 1 Iss 3
Natural History 1900-10: Volume 1 , Issue 3. Digitized from IA1643518-04 . Previous issue: sim_natural-history_1900-05_1_2 . Next issue:…
Public-domain full text preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library. Original source: archive.org.
The American Museum Journal
October, 1g00
A Popular Record of the Progress of the
American Museum of Natural History
Board of Crustees.
MORRIS K. JESUP D. O. MILLS ELBRIDGE T. GERRY ADRIAN ISELIN ABRAM 8. HEWITT GUSTAV E. KISSEL
J. PIERPONT MORGAN ALBERT 8S. BICKMORE ANSON W. HARD JOSEPH H. CHOATE OSWALD OTTENDORFER WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER JAMES M. CONSTABLE* ANDREW H. GREEN GEORGE G, HAVEN WILLIAM E. DODGE D. WILLIS JAMES H. O. HAVEMEYER
J. HAMPDEN ROBB ARCHIBALD ROGERS A. D. JUILLIARD CHARLES LANIER WILLIAM C. WHITNEY FREDERICK E. HYDE
Percy R. Pyne
THE AMERICAN Museum or NATURAL History was established in 1869, to promote the Natural Sciences, to diffuse a more general knowledge of these sciences among the people, and thus furnish both instruction and recreation. The Museum has now a library of over 40,000 volumes on Natural History, and in its halls are exhibited collections which, in many departments of Natural Science, are unsurpassed by those of any other museum in America. The material for research is, in many lines, likewise unexcelled.
The Museum is in cordial cooperation with nearly all similar institutions in the world, among which it has already attained high rank. As, however, it is dependent upon private subscriptions and dues from its members for carrying on its work, its progress in many departments will be hastened by an increase of membership.
ANNUAL MEMBERS Pay $10 a year and are each entitled to a Subscriber's Ticket, admitting two persons to the Museum on reserve days (Mondays and Tuesdays), and to all Receptions and Special Exhibitions, four course tickets for single admission to each lecture series, and one subscription to THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL.
Give $100, and are entitled to one Subscriber's Ticket, five course tickets, and one subscription to THE AMERICAN MuseuUM JOURNAL.
Give $500, and are entitled to one Subscriber's Ticket, ten course tickets, and one subscription to THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL.
Give $1000, and are entitled to one Subscriber's Ticket, five Complimentary Season Tickets, ten course tickets, and one subscription to THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL.
form of Bequest.
I do hereby give and bequeath to "'Tue AMERICAN Museum oF Naturat Lis-
TorRY " of the City of New York, i eran
Deceased
American Museum Journal
Volume I
October, 1900
Number 38
JAMES fesse AMES MANSELL
i CONSTABLE, Vice- President of this Museum, died May 12, 1900. Born at Storrington, Sussex, England, in 1812, and coming to this country on a pleasure trip, when twenty-four years old, he decided after his return to England that his future should be connected with this country. His life has since been associated with the material, social, and educational development of New York. — Engaged in a business which required all the time and attention of ordinary men, he yet found time to enter with heart and soul into all the public life of the great city and country of his adoption.
Mr. Constable fully realized at an early day New York's need of a Museum of Science, appreciating its popular side, and urging its requirements as meeting helpfully the great want of a wholesome place of recreation for the people. Friends recall his insistence upon this feature, and his delight when the opportunity came which enabled him to become a worker in this great scheme.
re]
Mansell Constable.
Mr. Constable became a Fellow of the Museum in 1871, and ever since that time, as a member of the Board of Trustees, has occupied an official position in connection with the control of the Museum. In 1875 he served on the Auditing Committee of the Museum; the year 1879 saw him a member of the Executive Committee, and later its Chairman ; in 1886, immediately succeeding Robert Colgate, Mr. Constable was elected to the Vice-Presidency of the Museum, a position he held at the time of his death. In this capacity his usefulness in the Museum administration was very important, as he was painstaking in his attention to every requisition made upon his time and energy.
It was by the generous financial aid of Mr. Constable that the first relations of the Museum with the cause of public education were established in 1882, which practically formed the beginning of the present Department of Public Instruction of the Museum.
His gifts to various departments were numerous, and amongst his very last expenditures for the Museum was the maintenance of an ex-
The
American Museum
Journal
pedition to Arctic British America in the interest of the Department of Vertebrate Loodlogy.
The results of this expedition, to quote from a former number of this journal,* "include, besides a valuable collection of mammals, a rich store of wholly new zodlogical, geographical, and archaeological information, which will form the basis of a series of papers in the current volume of the Museum ' Bulletin." The "valuable collection of mammals" here referred to include a new Mountain Sheep and several new rodents, one of which (Phenacomys constable) has been named in his honor; and also valuable material for exhibition, including series of specimens of the rare Mountain Caribou and two species of rare Arctic Sheep.
The Mr. Constable's death were a significant and heartfelt tribute. They were spoken before the Trustees at their
President's words on
Quarterly Meeting, and contained some allusions it seems impossible to omit in this notice. He said, in part: " We shall keenly feel the loss of his presence with us; I more than any of his associates here. He was my friend in all that the word stands for; he was my counsellor and my advisor in administering the many and varied details of the work
of the Museum, ever since my
election to the Presidency of this Board, "Mr. Constable full
knowledge of the lesser as well as
p assessed
the greater details of the Museum's work, and his wisdom, ripe experience and judgment were invaluable to me; I always felt secure in seeking his counsel in the management of the affairs of the institution. "THis death is a personal loss to myself, and [ shall miss far more than mere words may express, his gentleness, his helpful aid, his everpresent and
courtesy encourage-
ment."
Gifts To The Library.
RECENT gift from the Duke of Loubat of seventy-eight rare volumes includes as the most notable a repro-
duction of the Vatican Manuscript
3738; thisis the latest of the superb
reproductions that have been pub-
lished by the Duke of Loubat and given by him to the Museum.
The full title of the work is "Il Manoscritto Messicano Vaticano 3738 Detto I Codice Rios, Riprodotto In Fotocromografia A Spese Di Sua
Eceellenza [I] Duea Di Loubat. Per Cura Della Biblioteca Vaticano,
Roma, Stabilimento Danesi, 1900."
The Museum Expedition to Arctic America," this Journal, Vol. I, No. 2, pp. 31 and 32.
The
American Museum
Journal
The original Codex Vaticanus 3738, renamed Codex Rios by the Mexican savant Tronecoso, is a copy, on European paper, of pictures made by Mexican painters shortly after the Conquest; the copyist was a Dominiean Monk, Pedro Rios, and the date, 1556.
de Los
Padre Rios does not state where the original paintings existed, nor the names of his native informants. Nevertheless there is reason for believing The work was probably introduced into the Vatican Library before 1570, although the first mention of it known occurs in a catalogue compiled during the years 1596-1600. It is copied tn extenso in Kingsborough, but confusingly on account of the original binder having failed to preserve the sequence of the pages. This fault is corrected in the Loubat Edition, which gives also a transcription of the Italian
that his copies are reliable.
text, and a codrdination of its own pages both with those given in Kingsborough and with those of the Loubat Edition of the sister Codex Tellericano Remensio.
The contents might be summed up in a general way somewhat as follows: The first part treats of the skies, of the planets, of the past and future epochs of the world, and of certain dogmas, rites, and traditions ; the second part is the astrological or divinity calendar, recording the
divisions of the Tonalamatl, period of 260 days; the third part is historical, giving the names of the Aztecan rulers of Tenochtitlan (Mexico), and the of their reigns, with pictorographs of important events,
Through the Hon. Amos Cum. mings, the Library has received 237 volumes relating to the different departments of the Government. These all works which the Librarian has been striving to obtain
dates
are
for several years and their accession, in bulk, is particularly gratifying. Major-General Daniel E. Sickles, U. S. A., the Hon. William Astor Chanler, the Indiana State Library, the Ohio State Library, and Dr. Franz Boas have severally contributed many important works.
THE exhibit illustrating the life, habits and surroundings of the mammals found within fifty miles of New York now includes everything except the Lynx, the Otter, the smaller rodents, the Mole, and the bats; all of which will be added as the opportunity occurs.
Naturalists and children alike find The patience and art of the taxidermist have here conjured up, mainly through stones, dead leaves, and tree-trunks, a series of charming visions of the inner lives of ' Brer Fox,' 'Brer Rabbit,' and other creatures.
these groups of great interest.
The
American M
Useum Journal
The Development Of The American Museum Of Natural
(Continued )
HE Art Museum had secured the Deer Park east of the reservoir at 8ist Street for its new location, and Manhat-
tan Square on the west side of the Park was allotted to the Museum of Natural History. This region comprised eighteen acres which had been reserved for a park, years before the design of a Central Park was suggested. It included a rugged, disconsolate tract of ground, thrown into hillocks where the gneiss ledges protruded their weathered shapes, or depressed in hollows filled with stagnant pools, and bearing throughout an uncompromising, scarcely serviceable appearance. The elevated railroad did not then extend beyond 59th Street, the present bridge over the walled bridlepath into the Park was not yet built, and the Museum thus stood isolated both from the Park and from the populous city. The region around was an unsettled district im transitu to something permanent and homogeneous. It was compounded in its pictorial aspect of several discordant yet picturesque elements; it embraced old farms, ruinous landmarks of ancient New York, brand new stores, sanitary modern tene-
History.
ments, bewildering mazes of hovels clustered together over swelling knobs of rocky ledges, and pretty kitchen gardens lying in its deep depressions. The banks of the Hudson retained in places woods as old as New Amsterdam, and the daily stage which rolled up the spacious boulevard to Manhattanville added a suggestive touch of antiquity to all.
It had been proposed to make this square into a Zodlogical Garden. Plans of a very extravagant character had been practically prepared. Bear pits and aviaries united with a museum of paleontological restorations had been indefinitely hinted at, and might have materialized, if the more prosaic views of Judge Hilton had not intervened.
The drawing and preparation of the plans for the new building had been finally assigned to Calvert Vaux, whose architectural skill and established reputation for practical good judgment in construction, together with his official relations to the new government of the Park, determined the selection.
The design offered by Mr. Vaux was accepted. For the entire edifice there was contemplated a hollow square, the sides to be formed
Eo A Ct LIM.
+c ees
ROBERT L. STUART, PRESIDENT, AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, 1871-81.
From a portrait in the Board Room, by Huntington.
The American
Museum Journal
of four great buildings, five hundred feet long, ornate in material and detail, and distinguished by large entrances of architectural dignity and strength. Only a section of this entire fabric was now to be begun. It faintly suggested the stupendous proportions contemplated for the complete building, representing indeed only the fourteenth part of it, and a subordinate part as well. The whole structure was intended to cover fifteen acres and to fill a space three times larger than the basement of the British Museum.
area
A building of this great size, with its long hallways filled with classified collections, would, it was hoped, embrace the most diverse kingdoms of nature. The exact sciences might even here find a home, and the technical appliances in the arts room for the exhibition of their numberless adaptations. 'The world would be its contributor, the nation its patron, and in the most perfect condition of usefulness and vigor, its lecture-rooms would become the schoolhouse of the people.
The new building at length was completed and equipped. Its architecture was hardly striking. Its position in the centre of Manhattan Square gave it a bold relief, which was heightened by a certain incon- It
could hardly lay any claims to strue-
fruity with the surroundings.
tural beauty ; an impressive solidity conjoined with a dwarfing sense of incompleteness at first disappointed the visitor, until he realized that exterior effect had been exchanged for interior convenience, and that this edifice only represented a fraction of the final colossus it foreshadowed.
The acquisition of the Hall collection with its 80000 to 100000 specimens, including types and figured specimens nearly 7000 in number, made it at once imperative to secure professional assistance in their arrangement and labelling. As the needs of the Museum in this respect were likely to grow constantly, the steps taken to obtain the help of the city in its maintenance were far from premature. The burden of its support could no longer be allowed to rest on the shoulders of the Trustees alone.
Almost immediately upon the opening of the new building alliances sprang up with surveys and with original investigators, while collections and libraries were added to the Museum's possessions. Amongst these latter may be mentioned the gift of the President, Robert L. Stuart, who purchased and deposited the magnificent ichthyological and scientific works of James C. Brevoort. Donations of books and pamphlets and the natural accessions from surveys, societies, institutes, and individuals
furnished other
Niisaia:
The American
Museum Journal
sources of increase, so that in the Annual Report for 1879, the President announced that the library contained 12000 books and 6000 pamphlets. Work on the colleetions progressed with vigor and success, and was gratefully acknowledged by the Trustees.
The local isolation which had at first seemed discouraging was in pro- The Manhattan Elevated Railway pushed forward its tracks to 81st Street and on to Harlem, and brought Manhattan Square into practical union with all quarters of the city.
cess of improvement.
An extraordinary movement, northward was soon developed, and the ridges of rock, unpleasantly encumbered with shanties, were blasted to a level, and covered with houses. Centres of population were created, as in 72d Street and the Dakota Apartments, St. Agnes' Church at 94th Street with its surroundings, and the growing inhabitation of Riverside Drive. 'These, spreading, met along lengthening lines of contact, and a population was becoming localized directly at the doors of the Museum.
The Park Board spent thousands of dollars upon the embellishment of Manhattan Square. The Trustees saw the urgency of providing more room for their collections. In all directions, within and without, the conditions were prophetic of greater and graver financial responsibilities.
The feature of Public Instruction was inevitably presented on every side: Professor Bickmore, considering its possibilities, conceived in 1880 the scheme of courses of public lectures to city school teachers. This project rapidly materialized and the reader may be invited later to consider its history and results. The year 1880 closed the administration of Robert L. Stuart; it was also mournfully signalized by the death in histifty-eighth year of an original founder and first Vice-President of the Museum, William A. Haines. Mr. Haines had certainly devised in his own mind, at an early day, some form of a Museum. His ap-. petency for natural study, his devotion to one branch of natural led him to regret the absence in New York of a great Museum of Natural History, and he responded instantly to the requests of his fellow-citizens to as-
science (conchology),
sume a prominent connection with the first efforts to create one.
In Mr. Haines' nature the principle of order ruled. In his business, system was conspicuous. In his collection of shells, with which the writer has been brought closely in contact, system, painstaking accuracy, are most striking. His mind worked instinctively in the direction and under the guidance of precision.
Mr. Stuart resigned his Presidency, Feb. 14, 1881. Mr. Stuart's
The
American Museum Journal
connection with the Museum had
been made memorable by important changes and advances, which had carried the enterprise forward to a suggestive expression of greatness. Not indeed that the institution at that time was a great museum in had entered, nevertheless, upon a path of continuous improvement; it was somewhat appropriately housed, and steps had already been taken to realize its far more ambitious hopes.
During Mr. Stuart's administration the first section of the Museum was built and occupied, maintenance had been secured in a measure from the city, the Hall collection was paid for, and enormous additions had been made to the collections; while
any cosmopolitan sense; it
its obvious prominence was bringing it into correspondence with the scientific influences of the country. Mr. Stuart had himself been a benefactor of great value; he had also by wise admonition assisted the material growth of the Museum.
Mr. Stuart's resignation preceded by only two years his demise. He died December 12, 1882, in the 77th year of his age.
Mr. D. Jackson Steward, his intimate friend, has thus summarized his career :
'Mr. Stuart's success as a business man had attracted attention. Born in New York he had with his brother Alexander rapidly added to his modest inheritance, and seizing the opportunities opening in
the sugar business advanced his fortune with marked skill. His gifts to the cause of education, to religious and charitable institutions and projects were numerous. Stuart Hall at Princeton, the Presbyterian Hospital, Dr. Hall's former church, were all largely, the first entirely, indebted His munificence to the Museum had been equally
to him for their erection.
great, while-in the unpublished provinces of private charity, his sympathy had been helpful to thousands." L. P. Graracap, A.M. Ass't Curator, Dep't Geology. ( To be continued. ) THE WORK AND PROGRESS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
HE Department of Pub- Bil lic Instruction of the Ail American Museum of 28 Natural History was one of the earliest to be established. Its first curator, Prof. Albert S. Bickmore, was one of those instrumental in the foundation of the Museum, and he has devoted himself with such success to the development of his department that under him its work has been extended far beyond the original scope.
It is now coming to be generally recognized that next to actual travelling, one of the best ways to make geography, history, and kindred subjects leave any real effect on the mind, lies through the voice of
the lecturer, calling attention in an agreeable manner to the noteworthy
ies ae
pone?
The
American Museum Journal
features of good stereopticon views and weaving his comments into one continuous whole.
Realizing this, Bickmore has traversed the world for views; travelling has been his lifelong occupation.
Professor
He has also constantly studied the most effective methods of stereoscopy. In regard to the photographie qualities of the slides, it is certain that they are remarkably clear and have unusual depth. All of the views are admirably colored. In the new lecture hall of this Museum they will be thrown on two enormous screens each twenty-five feet square.
The relation of the department to the public schools of the State has been one of increasing usefulness. A law passed in 1884 and re-enacted from time to time, authorized the Superintendent of Public Instruction to furnish sets of these lectures free of charge except for the necessary expenses of transportation, upon request of the local school authorities of each city and village of the State having a superintendent of free common schools; and_ these authorities were further empowered to cause the lectures to be repeated, when convenient, to the "artisans, mechanics, and other citizens" of their respective towns. Also the State Superintendent was authorized to extend the same privileges to any
institution instructing a teachers'
training class or any union free this enactment, in 1895 sixty-six towns
school. In accordance with and villages availed themselves of these privileges, and through them any school in the State can obtain the slides.
and high schools, this work began to attract the attention of the kindergarten instructors.
Successful in the common
The law was accordingly amended to provide for this new departure; a special set of lectures was prepared with the cooperation of those interested, and now the system is gradually spreading among the kindergartens. Appreciation of the lectures was meanwhile growing up outside of the Clergymen and others, availing themselves of that clause in the statute which permits the local school boards to cause the lectures to be delivered to the " artand other citizens," delivered free lectures to the people under the auspices of the Boards. As an example of the suc-
schools.
sans, mechanics,
cess of the system in this field one might cite the letter of a clergyman of Watertown, N. Y., who delivered several of the lectures in the city hall. After speaking of the remarkable growth in attendance upon successive evenings, the writer comments upon the interest in the lectures on the part of workingmen. From localities outside of New
The American Museum Journal
The Arch Of Pons Amilius And The Tiber.
[A representative view from the lecture on Italy.]
The first bridge that was built over the Tiber connected ancient Rome with the Janiculum, the high hill on the other side. It wason this that Horatius stood and held back the advancing hosts of Lars Porsena while the Romans cut the bridge behind him, and he leaped into the yellow river and safely reached the shore of the city. That bridge was rebuilt many times. It was always regarded as having a semi-sacred character ; so much so that no iron was permitted t6 enter into its structure. It remained for a long period, but later on was replaced by a stone bridge, of which this central archway still remains. Therefore we are looking on the place where Horatius held back the Etruscans that came down from Veii, and here he saved his city by his own right arm."
The American
Museum Journal
York State requests are constantly
The Projection Club of an association of teachers in that city formed for the purpose of introducing the system into their State—have purchased several sets at their own expense. The Department of Public Instruction of Connecticut has enthusiastically adopted the system; the lectures and slides are so sought after by the schools of the State that the State Board has drawn up quite a formidable set of rules to regulate their distribution. From Dayton, Ohio, Mr. J. H. Patterson, an employer of hundreds of men, and one that cooperates with them in every way possible, writes: " No pictures that I have ever seen in this country or abroad will compare with the ones you have sent us, and I am more enthusiastic than ever on the importance of the stereopticon in imparting knowledge." He predicts a great spread of the system and comments upon its success in his own town. Finally the Hon. Dean C. Worcester, United States Commissioner to the Philippine has recently written to the effect that he will endeavor to introduce the system in the Philippines.
The mechanical equipment of the department has of course had to keep pace with the rapidly increasing demands upon it. Twenty-two different sets of slides and lectures
coming in. Chicago
for the common-school series and nearly fifty for the university series have been prepared and each set reduplicated several and usually many times. Besides this, the Curator has had to give personal instruction in the management of the lectures to many of those who conduct them. Here at the Museum Bickmore delivers a series of lectures
Professor
to three sets of people every season. On Saturday mornings the lectures are delivered to school teachers: on Thursday evenings to members of the Museum; on legal holidays they are delivered free to the public, without even the formality of a ticket. The average attendance per lecture during 1899 was nine hundred and sixty. In succeeding numbers we hope to keep our readers informed of the progress of this important educational work. W. K. G.
PHOTOGRAPHS collected by members of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition will be reproduced by the heliotype process in large quarto form, and published under the title 'Fthnographical Album of the North Pacific Coasts of America and Asia.' It is intended to issue the Album to subscribers only, in parts of at least 24 plates annually, the whole series to embrace 120 plates. Part I, consisting of 28 platesillustrating Indian types from the interior of British Columbia, has already appeared.
The
American Museum Journal
Insect Collections From The Blue Ridge.
Bl: ay Moun- Blue Ridge Range, covered with virgin woods of
sti ca tain of the
chestnut, oak and evergreens, balsams and thick groves of spruce. The mid-day sun down through a moist atmosphere and the nights are chilly. The damp woods are dark, knee-deep as it were in vegetable mould, and the laurel grows into trees. The thick layer of dead leaves, the branches and leaves, are the environments for many families, genera, and species, of Beetles predominantly, but also of the Butterfly order, the Grasshopper order and so forth.
The Beetle order is here adapted to fill many réles. There are leafeaters, eaters of roots and woody tissue, carnivores, and, in the dark, lowermost layers of mould, blind carrion and ground beetles. Nor is there less diversity in size, from the loutish Hercules down to the minute Corylophid. cord generally with the twilight of the habitat. In this locality, and here alone are found the species of Nomaretus, especially
beats
The colors ae-
the genus the very rare and prized Nomaretus imperfectus, which preys upon snails, and eludes collectors.
The rich insect fauna of this locality has never been thoroughly worked; Curator Beutenmiiller therefore devoted four weeks of its exploration. Though naturally not
this summer to neglecting any entomologic: il opportunity that offered, the Cavenu spent the most labor upon the Beetle order, which happened to be "in season." By carefully sifting great quantities of the dead leaves into a bag he circumvented the escape of even the most minute forms. Three weeks' perseverance in this operation rewarded him with the prized o- maretus mentioned, with several species new to science and with about two thousand specimens in all to add to the Museum collections.
The scientific results of the trip will appear later in one of the Museum publications. Meanwhile the collected material is being prepared for exhibition. Certainly, the scores of minute beetles already mounted on cork slabs and identified, offer an instructive illustration of how easy it is, on account of the small size of the specimens, to take in whole families of insects at a single glance. The meaning of zodlogical classification is perhaps nowhere more luminously apparent than in a well-arranged collection
above
of insects. One might summarize the results
The American
Museum
Journal
of this collecting trip as follows: extensive additions to the entomological collections, worth at least twice the cost of the trip ; field notes on all specimens —for the purposes of exact investigation perfectly essential; the inspiration of field work accruing to the Curator, that comes only from studying the living animal in its own environ-
ment, W. K. G. PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS
Of Pueblos And Cliff- Dwellers By The Hyde Expedition.
HE Museum investiga-
tions on the geographical limits and physical measurements of the Pueblo tribes of Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico, and of the ancient Cliff- dweller and Aztec inhabitants of the same region, have been conducted since their systematic beginning in 1898 by Dr. A. Hrdlitka, the expense being borne by Mr. Frederick E. Hyde, Jr.
Dr. Hrdli¢ka has recently completed another season's harvesting of exact data, this year carried on among the Mokis, Zunis, Rio Grande Pueblos and the several divisions of The winter will be devoted to analyzing the data obtained. The results of this year's expedition include numerous sets of measure-
Aj aches.
ments, detailed physical, physiological and medical observations, and eighty plaster casts of the face, secured among the different tribes. The objects of this investigation are: first, to definitely settle the racial geography of the region mentioned above —this must be accurately known before trustworthy to the origin and history of the various
€
inferences can be made as tribes ; second, to discover the relationship between these surviving tribes and the extinct peoples of the same region.
The first field work in pursuit of these aims was done by Dr. Hrdlicka in 1898, when he collected anthropometric data among the Tarahumare, Huichol, and Tepecan Indians of old Mexico. Before this the Doctor had done considerable work on the Museum osteological material from Mexico and the southwestern states; in 1899 systematic investigations were carried on among the Navahos and Utes; 1900 saw the completion of the work in Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and eastern Arizona. Western Arizona Indians and the greater part of those of Mexico remain to be studied.
THE collection of rare African antelope skins received in exchange from the Field Columbian Museum are now all mounted and placed on exhibition in the Gallery.
i,
The American Museum Journal
Customs Of The Ancient Thompson River Val. Ley Tribes.
oe problems engaging
the Jesup North Pacitic Expedition make
broad investigation not only of the remaining aboriginal tribes of North America and northeastern Asia but of their predecessors as well; it is essential that wherever possible the main outlines of the physical characteristics and customs of the latter be reconstructed.
The archaeological collections made by Mr. Harlan [. Smith in the Thompson River Region, B. C., are being arranged by him with the purpose of making the specimens tell a connected story, of helping the visitor, in fact, to mentally reconstruct for himself the life of the ancient people. Consequently the particular objects are exhibited not as being valuable in themselves, but only as so many bits of evidence. Under this view a piece of broken, sooty stone may be of as much value as a carved war-club.
The first division of the exhibit shows by photographs and maps the topography of the collectingground. This is followed by an exhibit of the natural resources made use of by the people; the next embraces implements for se-
necessary exact and
curing food; a third, implements for preparing food; another, evideneces of the dress and ornamentation; another, games, amusements, and narcotics; others, art, methods of burial, and so forth.
The labels strive to be at once clear and brief, referring for details to the illustrated report of the Expedition.
Paris Exposition. Award To The Department Of Public Instruction.
— work ¢ Prof. A. Shee
and his assistants was
recognized in Paris by the award of a Gold Medal, especially to the photographic slides illustrating the lectures: "Across the American Continent" and "The Hawaiian Islands." The " wide system of free education" carried on by this department in coéperation with the State Board of Education was especially mentioned in the award. Professor Bickmore was moreover invited to give two public lectures in the Trocadero illustrating his method of visual instruction.
Mr. Frank M. Chapman, Assistan! Curator of the Department of Vertebrate Zodlogy, will give a special course of six lectures on Birds on Saturday afternoons at three o'clock, beginning November 10th
POP eect
alee
The
American M
Hunting For Fossil Ele- Phants, Horses And Dinosaurs.
\IIREE expeditions to the West from the Department of Vertebrate Paleontology were planned by Pro-
The first, under Mr. Granger with Dr. Loomis of Am.- herst and three assistants, returned to the Jurassic region, Central Wyoming.
fessor Osborn.
One section continued the excavation of the famous Bone Cabin Quarry, and secured some valuable new material, including especially a large part of a Morosaur skull. Another section spent six weeks in prospecting, and was finally rewarded by locating what promises to be an exceptionally fine skeleton of D- plodocus in the old Como bluffs ; this is now being taken up. The second expedition, into the Laramie under Mr. Brown, was for a long time unsuccessful, but the latest advices indicate the discovery of a large part of an armored dinosaur and_ still more valuable, the nearly if not quite complete skeleton of the American iguanodont, Claosaurus. The third expedition, into Texas under Mr. Gidley and Mr. Zinsser of Columbia University, has also been very successful; the little known 'lt. Blanco beds have yielded an
ancestral elephant, apparently new
to science, and many remains of camels.
In London and Paris Professor Osborn continued his studies upon fossil rhinoceroses, and made numerous plans for the extension of our collection by exchange and other- Dr. Matthew also has taken
advantage of a long journey through
wise.
the museums of Europe to strengthen our ties with our many foreign friends, and to observe the latest museum methods.
The Museum was represented at the Geological Congress in Paris by Professor Osborn, who presented two papers, one upon the relations of Europe and America during tie Tertiary period, and a second upon Museum Methods. The latter related chiefly to our new methods in field and museum work, and was illustrated by twenty-two large bromide photographs which aroused exceptional interest.
VotumeE I of the Report on the Jesup North Pacific Expedition has been completed through the publication of Mr. Harlan I. Smith's memoir on the " Archreology of the Thompson River Region, B. C." Volume II has begun with " Traditions of the Chileotin Indians," by Dr. Livingston Farrand of Columbia University.
The American Museum Journal
The completed south facade of the Museum is 740 feet in length. As at present planned
the Museum will ul-
timately have four such facades, one on every side of the i
square,
Main Entrance.
i RNG Aa A a Ne a elt te Rast ab
Copyrighted 1g00.
Very encouraging is the growing attendance and interest of the pupils of the Public Schools. From May to December, 1899, inclusive, nearly three thousand scholars, accompanied by their teachers, visited the Museum.
Teachers And Pupils'Studying Collections In Hall Of Fossil Mammals.
Officers and Staff.
President, Morris K. JESuP First Vice-President, JAMES M. CONSTABLE* Second Vice-President, WILLIAM E. DopGE Treasurer, CHARLES LANIER Assistant to the President, HENRY F. OSBORN Secretary and Assistant Treasurer, JOHN H. WINSER
Department Curator Assistant Curators
Public instruction . . Prof. A. S. BICKMORE Geology, gy,and"
Conchology, and Prof, R. P, WHITFIELD L. P. GRatTacap, A.M.
Marine Invertebrate ( Dr. EpmMunp O. Hovey Zodlogy ' Vertebrate Zodlogy . Prof. J. A. ALLEN FRANK M. CHAPMAN
Toxtalen , . . . § Dr. W. D. MatrHew Vertebrate Palzontology Prof. H. F. OSBORN ) Dr. O. P. Hay
Prof. FRaNz Boas, Ethnology
°, ov . Ty ITT r Za Anthropology. . . . Prof. F. W. PUTNAM ( MARSHALL H. SAVILLE, Archeology
Entomology . . . . W. BEUTENMULLER Librarian, A. WoopDWARD, Ph.D.
Superintendent of Building, WILLIAM WALLACE
. Publications
American Museum of Watural history.
ANNUAL REPORT: Octavo, about 80 pp.
BULLETIN: Octavo; annual; about 400 pages and 25 plates with numerous text illustrations. Articles relate about equally to Geology, Paleontology, Mammalogy, Ornithology, Entomology, and (in recent volumes) Anthropology.
MEMOIRS: Quarto ; issued in parts at irregular intervals, several parts being published annually. Three volumes (two nearly completed) now under way. Each part forms a separate and complete monograph, varying in size from 24 to 100 or more pages, with numerous plates mostly lithographic.
JOURNAL: Octavo, 16 pp. ; monthly, except June-September inclusive ; illustrated. A popular record of the progress of the Museum.
BULLETIN. Volume 1, 2081-66 on. ccciccccccscs Price, $5.50 Volume VIII, 1896 Price, $4.00 "s eS nr ee " 4.75 " AL See ee "s 4.75 we & ere eee a 4.00 6 PG a rata akan 4.75 a er ee a 4.00 " Ri, Past 1, 1008 1.25 ee RC ER ENED 4.00 '" TT 1899 "2.00 an ot Seen a 4.00 "6 3 Ce as 4.00 SP. cde oceans wads -" 4.00 MEMOIRS.
Vol. I (not yet completed).
ParT I.—Republication of Descriptions of Lower Carboniferous Crinoidea from the Hall Collection now in the American Museum of Natural History, with Illustrations of the Original Type Specimens not heretofore Figured. By R. P. Whitfield. Pp. 1-37, pll. i-iii. September 15, 1898. Price, $2.00.
Part II.—Republication of Descriptions of Fossils from the Hall Collection in the American Museum of Natural History, from the report of Progress for 1861 of the Geological Survey of Wisconsin, by James Hall, with Illustrations from the Original Type Specimens not heretofore Figured. By R. P. Whitfield. Pp. 39-74, pll. iv-xii. August 10, 1895. Price, $2.00.
ART III.—The Extinct Rhinoceroses. By Henry Fairfield Osborn. Part I. Pp. 75-164, pll. xiia-xx. April 22, 1898. Price, $4.20.
Deceased
ParT 1V.—A complete Mosasaur Skeleton. By Henry Fairfieid Osborn. Pp. 165-188, pll. xxixxiii. October 25, 1899. Part V.—A Skeleton of Diplodocus. By Henry Fairfield Osborn. Pp. 189-214, pll. xxiv—xxviii-. October 25, 1899. Price of Parts IV and V, issued under one cover, $2.00. Vol. II. Anthropology (not yet completed). The Jesup North Pacific Expedition. Part I.—Facial Paintings of the Indians of Northern British Columbia. By Franz Boas. Pp. 1-24, pll. i-vi. June 16, 1898. Price, $2.00. Part II.—The Mythology of the Bella Coola Indians. By Franz Boas. Pp. 25-127, pll. vii-xii. November, 1898. Price, $2.00. Part III].—The Archeology of Lytton, British Columbia. By Harlan I. Smith. Pp. 129-161, pl. xiii, 117 text figures. May, 1899. Price, $2.00. Part IV.—The Thompson Indians of British Columbia. By James Teit. Edited by Franz Boas. Pp. 163-392, pll. xiv-xx, with 198 text figures. April, 1900. Price, $5.00. Part V.—Basketry Designs of the Salish Indians. By Livingston Farrand. Pp. 393-399, pll. XXi-xxilii, with 15 text figures. April, 1900. Price, 75 cts. Part VI.—Archeology of the Thompson River Region. By Harlan 1. Smith. Pp. 401-442, pll. XXiv-xxvi, with 51 text figures. June, 1900. Price, $2.00. Vol. III. Anthropology (not yet completed). Part I.—Symbolism of the Huichol Indians. By Carl Lumholtz., Pp. 1-228, pll. i-iv, with 291 text figures. May, 1900. Price, $5.00. Vol. IV. Anthropology (not yet completed). The Jesup North Pacific Expedition. ParT I.—Traditions of the Chilcotin Indians. By Livingston Farrand. Pp. 1-54. June, 1900- Price, $1.50.
For sale by G. P. PUTNAM's Sons, New York and London.
J. B. BAILLIERE ET FILS, Paris; R, FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Berlin ; and at the Museum.
Elmerican Museum Fournal.
W. K. GREGORY, Managing Editor.
FRANK M. CHAPMAN, ae ee L. P. GRaTacap, A.M., ¢ Associate Editors.
Edited monthly, except during the months of June, July, August, September. Single copies, 10 cents. Subscription, 1 year (8 numbers), 75 cents. The JOURNAL is sent free of charge to Trustees, Patrons, Fellows, Life Members, Annual Members, Officers, and Staff. For sale by G. P. PUTNAM's Sons, 27 W. 23d St., New York, and at the entrances of the Museum.
Subscriptions should be addressed to A. WooDWARD, American Museum of Natural History, 77th St. and Central Park, West.
Table Of Contents, Vol. I., No. 3.
PAGE JAMES MANSELL CONSTABLE : ; . ' : ' : , P . GIFTs TO THE LIBRARY ; : , : : ; ' ' , ' : 34 THe DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN Museum or Natura Hisrory . .
Tue Work ANv PROGRESS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLIC INSTRUCTION . 40 Insect COLLECTIONS IN THE BLUE RipGe. . . ; ' : . . 44 Puysicat. MEASUREMENTS OF PUEBLOS AND CLIiFF-DWELLERS BY THE Hype EXPEDITION. . ; ; ' : ; : : , ; ; . 45 Customs oF THE ANCIENT THomMPpsoN RiveEk VALLEY TRIBEs . ; . . 46 Paris Exposition, AWARD TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PusBLic INsrRUcTION . 46
HuntinG For Fossit, ELepuants, Horses, anp Dinosaurs. . , er. Sa
Tbe Knickerbocker Press, Rew Work