The Port Wells gold-lode district. Mining on Prince William Sound

Johnson, Barry L. · 1914 · Report

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Public-domain full text preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library. Original source: pubs.usgs.gov.

THE PO&T WELLS GOLD~LODE DISTRICT. ByB. L. JoKNsoN. INTRODUCTION. SCOPE OJI' REPORT. The object of this report is to describe briefly the distribution, geologic rela.tions, and cha.ra.cteristics of the gold deposits of the Port Wells district. Before the geology and mineral resources of the district are considered a. concise description of the principal factors bearing on the economic development of the mineral deposits of the district will be given. This will be followed by a description of the geology, sufficiently complete to permit an understanding of the occurrence of the mineral deposits, the general discussion of which is followed by detailed descriptions of many of the ore deposits. PREVIOUS WORX IN '1'lllll DISTRICT. The earliest rocordect exploration the Port Wells district was made in June, 1794, by Whidbey, of Vancouver's1 expedition. While Va.ncouver's ships lay in Port Ch&lmers, on Montague Island, a boat party in cha.rgo of Joseph Whidbey, in a yawl a.nd a small cutter, examined and mapped the west shore of Prince William Sound from the southwest entrance to Bligh Island. Whidboy entered Port Wells, passing between Oulross and Esther islands, visited Pas­ sage Canal and College Fiord, and foft through Esther Passage. Ninety-three yea.rs la.ter, in 1887, Capt. S. Applegate 1 in the school'.r yacht NeTlie Juan, explored and charted Port Wells. ,ln 1898 an expedition under Capt. E. F. Glenn, of th.e United States Army, visited Port Wells. The reports of this expedition' contain much geographic inf orination concerning this part of Alaska; that of W. C. Mendenhall,' who was attached to this expedition as geologist, furnished the first geologic information regarding the Port Wells ' Vancouver, O-ce, of dlacovery to Ule Nonh Pllclllc OOMD [ato.) tn they-. 1190-lm, 3 vols., mape, Landon, 17118; ll8W ed., With ooll'l!Ctlons, 10 views and charts, Cl vols. (see voL 6, pp.~), Dav1daon, George, The gllclss of Ala.ska: Geac. Soo. Paclfto Trans. and Proc., 2d ser., vol. 8, pp. 1-118, mapa, JOIH. Glenn, B. F.,and Abscromblt!, W.R., Rtlportsol u:plontions In tbe'l'enltoryof AJash (Cooltl Illlet, Soshltnt., Copper, and Tanana riv.s), 1898, War D~pt., Adjt. Ot111en.l's No. 23, 189!>. .Mandllllhall, W. C., A reconnaissance trom Resurrectlon Bay ro the Tanana River, Alaska, In 1898; U.S. Otol. Survey Twenlletb Ami. Rept., pt. 7, yp. 265--3~, 1900. !96

MINERAL llESOUllCES O.F ALASKA, 1913, district. In the following year (1899) the H&ITiman Ala.ska Expedi­ tion 1 spent several days in Port Wells, and the reports of the members of this expedition furnish much information regarding this district, especially on the glaciers and glaciation. In 1904 Davidson ' com­ piled the existing data regarding the coastal glaciers of Ala.ska and described some of the Port Wells glaciers. Grant and Paige, in 1905, and Grant and Higgins, in 1908 and 1909, visited Port Wells on geologic reconnaissances for the United States Geological Survey. Certain of their reports 3 contain considerable data regarding the geography and geology of the Port Wells district. The National Geographic Society's expedition of 1910, under Lawrence Martin,' studied the glaciers and g1aviation of College and Harriman fiords. Notes on the fluct11ations of the glaciers of Port Wells have been published by Reid 6 from data. obtained from Gran~ and Martin. PRESENT INVESTIGATION. The present investigation was undertaken as a result of numerous discoveries of gold-quartz deposits in the Port Wells district. Field work in this district was begun August 9, 1913, and brought to a. close September 15, 1913. The use of the launch Prospector, of Cordova, Capt. George E. Scott, greatly facilitated the work. The base of the accompanying map (Pl. IX) was the reconnaissance map published as PlateIIin Bulletin 443, United States Geological Survey, corrected by later surveys made by the United States Geological Survey a.nd the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, as shown on_cha.rt 8550. For information furnished and assistance rendered during the course of the investigation the writer wishes t-0 express his obligations to Messrs. George E. Scott, W. B. Harris, W. C. L. Beyers, Stephen Roe, .Axel Frodenburg, W. L. Taylor, and ma~y others. Burroughs, John,Narrative or the expedition: A!Mka, vol. 1, Ha.rriman A.Jaata ~tlon, pp.1~118, Ul02. Emerson, .n. K., Oeneral geology; Noteson thestratlgrapb.y and Igneousrocks:· Alaaka, vol. 4, Bwri­ man Alaska Expedition, pp. U-56, llllM. Gllilllett, Henry, General geography: Id-, vol. 2, pp. u.1-m, Onnnett, Henrr, 'UarTlmall A1118ka E.xpedltlon: Nat. Geog. Mag., vol. 10,pp. 607-512, .l8DI>; Am. Geog. Soc. Bull., vol. 31, pp. 344-355, 1899. Gilbert, 0. K., Glaciers and glacl&tbl: Alaska, vol.3, man Alaska E.xpedltioD, 231 pp., Zl p1'., 11 tlgs., l90f. :Motr, John, Notes on tba Paclftc oout &Jaelsl: Idem, vol. l, pp. 119-W, IUU3., 190'l. Davidson, George, The glaciers ofAlaaka: Geog. Soc. Paclllc 'I'zan.s. and Proc., 2d ser., vol. 3, pp. l-9ll, maps, 1904. Grant, U.S.,and Blggfn.s, D.F.,~lssalloeof thegeologylllldrnlneral resources of Princo William Sound, Alaska: U. 8. Oeol. Survey Bull. 443, 1910. 01'81lt, U. S.,and Hlggln.s, D. F., (l) Olaclcnof Prince W"lltfam Sound aod tile southern pert of Ule Kenai Pfltlfnsula, Alaslca; (2) Glaciers of Port Well.!, Prince William Sound: Am. Geog. Soc. Bull., vol.43,pp.321-338, 13tlgs.,1911. Orant,U. S.,and Riggins, D. F., Couto! glacl411'S oe Prince William and Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Oeol. Sarvey Dull.~. 1913. Martin, Lawrence, The National Geographic SocJetys rtseal'Cbes 1n Alaaka: Nat. Geog. Mag.. vol. 22, pp. 651-Mf, 656-fi60, 19lL Martin, L8Wl'611C&, Oletscheruntersucbungeo Ui.ngs der Kllste von Alaab: Petermann's Wit., Jahrg. 68, pp. 73-81, 3 pis., l map, 1912. Martin, Lewrence, Some features of g~len and glnolatlon In Co~e Fiord, Prinoe William Sound, AWka: Ze!Dchr. fllr G letscherkUnde, Bd. 7, Belt 5, pp. 1913. Mertln, Lawrence, Alaskan glacier studies (In press). 'Reid, B. F., The vnriaUons of glaciers: Jour. Geology, \"ol. 17, pp. 667~71. lll09; vol. J9, pp. 454-461, 1911. Reid, B. F., Les variations ~nes des glaciers: XVl.. rapport, 1910; Amlqut do Nord· Zeltschr. tilr Bd. e, Hett 2, pp. l~un, l9U.

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THE PORT WELLS GOLD-LODE DISTRICT. GEOGRAPHY. LOCATION. The Port Wells gold-quartz district lies in the northwest part of Prince William Sound and as here considered comprises the area adja­ cent to Port Wells and its tributary fiords. (See PL IX.) Itin.eludes Esther and Culross islands and the shores of the ma.inland bordering Esther and Culross passages and Eaglek Bay and also a small part of Kenai Peninsula lying farther southwest. As thus defined the dis­ trict lies between parallels 60° 30' and 61° 20' north latitude and meridians 147° 40' and 148° 50' west longitude, and includes a total land, ice, and water area of about 750 square miles. The Port Wells district is within the Valdez recording district of the third judicial division of the Territory of Alaska. The recorder's office is at Valdez. TOPOGRAPHY. The Port Wells district lies within the Pacific Mountain province of Alaska and includes parts of the Chugach and Kenai mountains.1 A low gap, occupied by the Portage Glacier, separates the Kenai and Chugach mountains. The district has been intensely glaciated and includes two distinct types of glacial topography, one the result of high-level erosion, with sharp peaks, cirques, and comb ridges shaped by frost action above the surface of the glacier ice; the other the result of low-level erosion, with the rounded features of an area overridden anCi smoothed beneath glacial ice, which left rounded hills and ~Md LI-shaped valleys. The forms due to high-level erosion are found only in the higher mountains. High, sharp ranges border Port Wells and its tributary fiords on the west and north, and also occur in the northeast Kenai Mountains. The highest peaks are in the ma.in range of the Chugach Mountains west and north of Port Wells. The maximum relief is west of Harriman Fiord, where Mounts Gilbert and Muir rise to heights of 10,194·2 and -s,20r1 feet above sea level, respectively, within distances of 51and2 miles, respectively, from the fiord. Mount Gan­ nett,2 west of Barry Glacier, has an elevation of 9,240 feet. Higher peaks occur north of College Fiord, but the relief is. The peaks on the outlying ridges of the main ranges, su9.h ae the ridge between College Fiord and Unakwik Inlet and th~ r-a.nge between Passage Canal and Harriman Fiord, are from 4,000 8,000 feet high. The rounded features produced by overriding glaciers are found on the lower slopes of the high, sharp ranges on Harriman and College fiords, Blackstone Bay, Passage Canal, Portage Passage, and on the borders and around the southern end of the sharp ridge between Col­ 1 Brooks, A. R., The geography 1md geology of Alasn: U. s. Geot ~Prof . Paper 4!1, pp. 16-17, 27-36, 1906. 1 Martin, Lawrence, The National Goographlo Sooietys researches In Alaska: Nat. Geog. Mag., vol. 22. p. 640, 1911; AWkan glacier studies, p. 319 (In press).

MINERAL RESOURCES OF A.LASKA, 1913. lege Fiord and Unakwik Inlet. The foothills of these ranges on Point Pakenham, on the peninsula between Ha:rriman Fiord and PortWells, and between Cochrane Bay and Port Nellie Juan, also exhibit rounded features, and Esther and Culross islands are covered by rounded gla­ ciated summits and slopes. Other characteristic low-leyel sculptured forms are everywhere seen within these areas. Practically all of this rounded topography lies below an elevation of 5,000 feet above sea. level. · The shore line of the Port Wells district :is very irregular, deeply · indented, and fiorded like the rest of Prince William Sound. No part of the district :is over 6 miles from tidewater. The streams of the district are short, none being over 3 to 4 miles long. The principal streams are Coghill and Avery rivers. Coghill River is reported to drain a rather large lake. Members of the United States Geological Survey measured the discharge of some of the streams of the Port Wells district in 1913, and the results are pre­ sented elsewhere in this volume. The discharge of most of the streams varies greatJy from season to sea.son, the streams deriving a considerable part of their water from melting snow and glaciers. The steep gradients of some of the streams and numerous waterfalls ,offer possible sources of power for uso in mining and other industries. A sawnu11, driven by an overshot ·water wheel, was erected at the mouth of Avery River in 1913, and an arrastre near Golden was also driven by an overshot water wheel. The present glaciers of the Port Wells district are principally of the alpine tYPe· Rather extensive ice and snow fields, however, lie in the northern part of the peninsula between Harriman Fiord, Port Wells, and Passage Canal, in the mountainous country north of Col­ lege Fiord, and in the area southwest of Blackstone Bay. Cap Glacier, south of the Crescent Glacier, between College Fiord and Unakwik Inlet, :is reported to be a thin n6v6 field, intermediate in character between the snow fields and the valley glaciers. The main centers of glaciation are in northeastern Kenai Peninsula and in the areas southwer:>t, west, and north of Harriman Fiord and west and north of College Fiord. A few glaciers originate in the high parts of thepeninsula between College Fiord and Unakwikinlet. Themostnu­ merous glaciers of the Prince William Sound region are about the two northern arms of Port Wells-College and Harrimanfiords. Most of these glaciers reach tidewater and are constantly discharging icebergs. Detailed descriptions of many of these glaciers have been published. The submarine topography of the district does not differ greatly from that produced by the low-level sculpturing above sea level.1 It appears to be chiefly the result of glacial erosion, as it shows little 1 Martin, Lawrence, Some features of and glaclation tn College Fiord, l'rince William Sound, Ai&ska: Zeitschr. fiir Gletlleherkunde, Bd. 7,.Hert 5, pp. 32, 34-41, 1913. Mart.In, Lawrence,TheNational Geographic Society's r~hes in Alaska: Nat. Geog. Mag., ~ol. 22, 1911. Martin, Lawrence, Alaskan glacier studies (In press). U. S. Coast a11d Geodetic Survey chart No. 8550.

THE POBT WELLS GOLD-LODE DISTBIOT. deposition of sediments. Below sea level, the fiords, which were widened and deepened by glacial erosion, have the characteristic U-shaped cross sections, submarine hanging valleys, rock basins, con­ fluence steps, and terminal moraines. These features a.re believed to have been caused by submarine glacial scouring. Tbe depth of water along the a.xis of College Fiord ranges from 174 to 804 feet. In Har­ riman Fiord the ma.ximum depth of water is 510 feet, in Pigot Bay 408 feet, in Barry Arm 588 feet, in Passage Canal 1,176 feet, in Black­ stone Bay 1,188 feet, and in Port Wells, 1,518 feet. In the pocket between Culross, Esther, and Perry islands a sounding of 1,584 feet has been made. Typical submarine hanging valleys are the Yale Arm of College Fiord, which hangs 500 feet above the main fiord, Bettles Bay, and the cove of Serpentine Glacier, in Harriman Fiord. College Fiord and Barry Arm unite to form Port Wells, above which their mouths hang 350 to 400 feet. A submarine rock basin is shown by soundings in Pigot Bay. Submarine terminal moraines cross the mouths of Barry Arm and College Fiord. OLDlATE. No weather records have been kept within the area. described in this report, but some are available for adjacent districts, at Seward, Sunrise, Valdez, and Cordova. The Port Wells district lies within the Pacific coast climatic province, the climate of which is essentially t.empera.te a.nd humid, being characterized by heavy precipitation and a comparatively high mean annual temperature. The precipitation is about 132 inches at Cordova, 74 inches at Valdez, and 54 inches at Seward. In 1912 the total annual precipi­ tation at Cordova was about 191 inches, but the rainfall in that year was e.."tcoptionally heavy in all parts of Prince William Sound. The records show further a.n average at different localities of 90 to 240 da.ys in which some precipitation takes place. The total annual snow­ fall is 5 to 8 feet at Seward, 6 feet on Trail Creek, on the Ala.ska Northern Railroad, and 12 feet at Valdez. The mean annual temperature of this province is 40° to 48° F. The lowest tempera. tu re recorded from this region is -14° F.; the highest is 82° F. The summers a.re cool, the average for the three summer months being about 51° F. The average temperature for the three winter months is 20° to 30° F. Within the Port Wells district climatic conditions vary, but prob­ ably within the above limits. That lower temperatures prevail.near the heads of tho fiords than in other parts of the district is shown by the fact that the timber line descends to sea level at those points, whereas in the southeast part of the district, for example, in favorable situations, the conifers extend about 1,500 feet above sea level. Severe sea.ward-blowing winds a.re reported at the heads of the fiords in the winl;er.

MINERAL RESOURCES OF ALASKA, 1913. TIKBBB. AND VBGBTATION. Only a small part of the total area of the district .is forested, as is shown on the accompanying map (fig. 3), timber line being taken as the upper limit of coniferous trees. Timber line ranges from sea level at the upper ends of College and Harriman fiords, where the timber is small, grows in scattered groups, and is accompanied by P'!OO'U 3.-sbtcll map ahowlllg dlatdbutloo oJ Umber IJ1 tbe Port Wells d!Btrict. little underbrush, to an elevation of about 1,500 feet in favorable situations in the southeastern part of the district, where heavy growths are found on the lower slopes. The forest trees a.re chiefly conifers, including spruce, western hemlock, and mount.a.in hemlock. The native deciduous trees a.re cottonwood, willow, poplar, birch, and alder. The Port Wells district is included within the Chugach National Forest, a.nd the use of the timber is subject to the regulations of the

THE POBT WELLS GOLD-LODE DISTRICT. Forest Service, United States Department of AgricultUie. The local office of the Forest Service is at Cordova. Commercial stands of timber are reported on Coghill River, Point Pakenham, Esther PSBSage, Harrison Lagoon, and Hummer Bay. Several booms have been cut in the Port Wells district for the Valdez sawmill. Only spruce trees a.re used. A few of the trees reach a diameter of 5 to 6 feet at the base, but these larger ones are usually branch dose to the base or are churn-butted, that is they taper abruptly. 'l'he size of butts in booms, measurements being made 16 feet above the cut, ranges from 17 to 36 inches, the average size being from 18 to 24 inch~. Lumber suitable for most purposes can be cut near many of the prospects. The local needs for saw lumber are at present slight and will probably be largely met by a. sawmill erected near the mouth of Avery River in 1913. Saw lumber is also obtainable at Valdez. Devil's-clubs, salmonberries, blueberries, fems, mosses, and flowers a.re abundant. Native grasses, suitable for horse feed, grow lmm­ riantly in some of the valleys and around timber line. All soils are glacially derived. ANJMAL LIFE. Mountain goats, a. few black bears, and :rarely brown bears a:e reported within the Port Wells district. Moose tracks have been observed by prospectors at the head of Port Nellie Juan on Kenai Peninsula, and possibly moose may occasionally stray into the Port Wells district. Keeler,1 in 1899, noted Townsend's sparrow, the redpoll linnet, the Arctic tern, the short-billed gull, and the black oyster-catcher in P_ort Wells. Ptarmigan, tattlers, murrelets, ducks, and grouse have also been reported. Salmon, cod, trout, ·and other fish are caught in the waters of the district. Clams are found iU a few places. TRANSPORTATION. The Port Wells district is reached by water. The main :fiords and bays are navigable for large boats,2 and at different times several of the large ocean-going steamers have entered these waters. Up to 1913 these visits have been irregular, however, no regula~ schedules or calling points having been maintained. In 1913 a 40-foot gasoline la..unch made weekly trips between V a.ldez and Golden, a distance of e.bolilt 80 miles, carrying mail, passengers, and freight, stopping at Bettles and Hobo bays on each trip and making boat connections at Va.ldez for other Alaskan points and for Seattle. In 1913 there were no wharves or other means of landing in the P ort Wells district and no hotels or roadhouses. 'Keeler, Charles, Days alllong Alaska bltds: .Alaska, vol. 21 Harriman .Alaska pp. 205-234, tU. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart :No. 8560.

MlnRAt. RESOURCES OP ALASKA~ 1913. Local transportation is largely by water1 numerous small gasoline lo.inches and rowboats being in use by prospectors for transporting supplies along the coast from the ma.in dis,tributing points. Though the conditions for water travel a.re especially favorable, land travel is difficult. The fiorded coast and mountainous back country will prevent any systematic development of land transportation within the district. A low pass between the head of Passage Canal and Tuma.gain Arm has been used by natives, Russians, and prospectors for many years for crossing from C9ok Inlet waters to Prince William Sound. Trails have been built from many of the prospects to the nearest landing places on the shore, but they a.re usually steep and not well graded.

A fourth-class United States post office wa.s est"°blished June 5, 1912, at Golden. The only local mail route maintained by the Post Office Department in 1913 was from Valdez by Unakwik Inlet (no office), Wells Bay (no office), and Hobo Bay (no office), to Golden and back twice a month from .April 1 to October 31, and once a month from November 1 to March 31, each year. The contractor is required to perform the service by steamboat or other power boat. POPULATION AND SETTLBKEN'l'B. Golden, on the · east side of Port Wells, about 4 miles north of Esther Passage, was the only settlement in the district in 1913. It consists of a few cabins and tents scattered along the east shore of a small be.y. The town is the me.in distributing point for the district, and supplies for prospecting are obtainable here at a slight advance over Valdez prices. There a.re no other permanent settlements in the district, but ca.bins have been erected on A.very River, Barry Arm, Thomas Ba.y on Culross Island, Bettles Bay, a.t Port Wells between Hobo Bay a.nd Harrison Lagoon, ,and a.t Hobo Bay. Gold quartz was first discovered in the vicinity of Golden in July, 19ll, a.nd in September, 1911 1 21 tents were standing on the sand spit at Golden. About 150 men were prospecting around Golden in that yea.r. In 1912 there were a few prospectors in the district, and 49 men are reported to have voted at the election in Golden in that year. About 20 people remained in Golden during the winter of 1912-13. In the early pa.rt of the summer of 1913 there were 75 to 100 men in the district, but later some of these left for the Chisa.na. There were only 12 men in_Golden on September 81 1913. The population is chiefly white and is interested principally in prospecting for and developing gold-quartz properties. AB in other mining districts of Alaska, the population is greatest in the summer.

T.HE POBT WELLS GOLD-LODE DISTl!.IOT. GEOLOGY. GENERAL FJU.TURES. The Chugach and Kenai mountains, within which the Port Wells district lies, consist, so far as known, of closely folded sedimentary rocks, chielly slates, argillites, and graywacke.s, and of minor amounts of greenstones and some large intrusive masses of granitic rocks. Mesozoic and Paleozoic sediments are probably included in the series, but neither the detailed structure nor the stratigraphic succession are known. Earlier workers in Prince William Sound have subdivided the rocks of that region into two great divisions, the Valdez and Orea groups. The Valdez group, presumably the older and more meta­ morphosed, is described as consisting principally of slates and gray­ wackes; the Orea group comprises interbedded slat.es and gray­ wackes, with extensive greenstooe flows and agglomerates, a.s well as thick conglomerate beds. Granitic stocks a.re reported to intrude both Orea and Valdez rocks. The Valdez group has been assigned to the Paleozoic era by earlier writers, and the Orea has been con­ sidered of Mesozoic age. After making a. reconnaissance of the entire Prince William Sound region Grant and Higgins 1 have mapped the rocks of the Port Wells district as a part of the Valdez group. In 1913, however, fossils similar to those by which Grant and Higgins 2 a.signed a probable Mesozoic age to the Orea group were found at several loci.lities in the Port Wells district, and doubt was thereby cast on the assignment of at lea.st a considerable part ·of the rocks of this district to the Valdez group. SEDIKENTA.B.Y .ROOXS. SUBDIVISIONS. The pre-Qua.temary sedimentary rocks of this district are all regionally met&morphosed types, but some of them have been altered by local contact meta.morphism produced by the intrusion of the large granite stocks. The variety of sedimentary rooks is not great. Four general lithologic subdivisions may be made: (1) Green­ stones; (2) schists, slates, argillites, graywackes, and conglomerates; (3) contact-metamorphic rocks; a.nii (4) conglomerates. The strati­ gt'a.phic sequence of these subdivisions is probably the order in which they a.re mentioned, except the greenstones, whose position in the geologic column is not known. 1 Orant, U. S., and BJggiol, D. F ., RflOOnoaissan~ of the geologyand mioeral reeouroesof PriDce Wllllam Sound, Al.ska: u. 9. Oeol. Survey Bull. '"3, Pl. II, 1910 Jdem, pp. lU-33.

MINERAL RESOURCES OF ALASKA, 1913. GREENSTONES OF CUI.ROSS ISLAND. A broad ba.nd of greenstone outcrops on the south shore of Thomas Bay, Culross Island, extending from .the entrance to within hall a mile of the head of the bay, a distance of about 2 miles. This green­ stone band strikes about S. 30° W. and dips between 80° W. at the west contact and 75° E. at the east contact of the greenstone and adjoining slates. A narrower band of greenstone, outcropping 0n the eastshore of Culross Passage about 3 miles from thesouthernentrance, has a slightly more southerly strike and a dip of 70° W. These green.stones are greenish, much altered, basic igneous rocks, presumably lava fiows. They range fNm light-green aphanitic, cherty-looking varieties to dark-green, very fine grained varieties. On Thomas Bay they are, as a whole, hard and massive but are sheared in many places. At the Culross Passage locality they are altered t-0 light-green schists. Some of these schists were originally finely porphyritic rocks, with small feldspar phenocrysts. SLATES1 ARGILLITES1 GRAYWACKES, AND CONGLOMERATES. An interbedded series of slates, argillites, graywackes, and con­ glomerates covers the greater part of the Port Wells district. These rocks, so far as known, are of about the same age. Their relations to other formations are not known, and their subdivision into lithologic units must a.wait detailed mapping. The total thickness of this series of rocks is not known, but must be many thousand feet. The eastern slopes of the mountains west of College and Harriman .fiords, except Mount Emerson and its neighboring peaks, present in many places an apparent unbroken sequence of westward-dipping beds extending from sea level to their summit-s. Mount Muir, about 8,000 feet high, appears to consist chiefly of uniformly westward-dipping graywackes, including only here and there thinbands or lenses of slate. Near the summit of this mountain is a broad black band, probably slate, which is traceable for a great distance along the south and sou thee.st faces of the mountain. On the west side of College Fiord and west of Barry Glacier individual graywa.cke members in a west­ ward-dipping series, consisting chiefly of graywacke, are traceable for many thousand feet. North of Passage Canal cirques cut in north­ westward-dipping sediments expose a section measuring 21000 to 3,000 feet, consisting chiefly of graywacke but including four broad bands of slate which are tra~eable for fully a mile along the walls of the cirque. The section also includes zones consisting of narrow alternat­ ing bands of graywacke and slate. .The rocks of the Point Pakenham group of peaks and the rest of the district are much more highly folded and faulted. The general strike of the bedding and schistosity in the Port Wells district is from S. 30° W. to S. 70° W., conforming in general with th6

THE PORT WELLS OOLD--LODE DISTRICT. trend of the major topographic features of the district. The dips range from 60° W. td vertical, although a few easterly dips occur. The least deformed areas, as not.ed above, are in the high mountains in the west and northwest pe.rta of the district. Narrow alternations as well as more massive aggregates of each lithologic type occur within this series, and tho individual beds range from narrow streaks to broad zones measuring many hundred foot across. Broad zones of thin-bedded slate and argillite alternate with broad bands of gra.ywacke, and massive gra.ywackes and e.rgil­ lites a.re seen, with only here and thero a narrow band of slate. The contacts between slates and graywackes a.re abrupt and sharp, as a:r:e those between argillitcs and either slate or graywackes, but the conglomerates grade with no sharp breaks in-egularly into the inclos­ ing graywa.ckes and show no planes of sedimentation. Conglomerates a.re of widespread occurrence but are the lea.st abundant of the members of the s~quence. They are best devel­ oped on Harriman Fiord, College Fiord, and on the west side of Port Wells. Conglomerate bowld9rs a.re also found in the ea.st lateral moraine of the Ya.le Glacier. Both pebbles and matrix of these con­ glomerate bowlders are cut by quartz veins. The conglomerate on Harriman Fiord also is cut by quartz veins, some of which are reported by prospectors to be well mineralized. The conglomerate on the north side of Harriman Glacier is at lea.st severs.I hundred feet thick and has b3en traced for fully o. mile along t'he strike. Most of the conglomerate beds of tho district have a thickness of only o. few feet. The conglomarates arc well lithified, joint cracks cutting across the pebbles. The ma.tri.~, which is light to dark gray in color, is predomi­ nantly a fine-grained graywacke; rarely it is o.rgilla.ceous. Tho matrix usu&lly forms but a compa.ratio~ly small part of the rocks, the proportions increasing, however, with the gradation of the con­ glomerates into graywo.ckes. The pebbles include slate, quartz, argillite, quartzite (1), chert, felsite, diabase, and altered o.ndesitic rocks. Their color ranges from tho white of the quartz through the light-green of altered igneous rock to the dark grays and black of tho argillites and slates. No pebbles of granite similar to the gran­ ites of the Port Wells dlstrict were observed in these conglomerates. The pebbles in some of the conglomerate beds are chiefly thin angular slate fragments, few having diameters greater than 3 inches. In other beds the pebbles were chiefly of the harder rocks and these are usually well rounded and well assorted. The graywackes aro massive light to dark gray fine-grained sedi­ mentary rocks. They aro composed chiefly of subangular fragments of quartz and feldspar, together with fragments of other minerals and rocks, embedded in a fine-grained carbonaceous, calcareous, and argil­ laceous matrix. The coarser beds in many places contain flat angu­ lar fragments of slate. In some of the graywackes small fragments

MINERAL RESOURCES OF ALASKA, 1913. of fine-grained igneous rocks are numerous, o.nd in one specimen the presence of grains of hornblende and pyroxene and fragments of graywacke, a fine-grained carbonaceous sedimentary rock, ·and a basaltic rock with feldspar laths, were observed. Some ol these more basic graywackes are associa.ted with the conglo~erate on Ha.rri­ ma.n Fiord, which contains numerous igneous p~bbles, and both were proba.bly derived to a la.rge extent from the erosion of basic igneous rocks. The argillites are dark-colored, dense, very fine-grained, structure­ less sedimentary rocks. Most of the fossils which have thus far been collected in them have been found on the bedding planes of thin­ bedded black argillites. The slates are dark-gray to black rocks with well-developed slaty clea.vage. These rocks present. all grada­ tions in color and fineness of grain, from slates through a.rgillites and graywackes to conglomerates. Folding and shearing subsequent to the deposition of the beds of this series has rendered the.% rocks schistose in many places. Mica schists were a.lso produced on Esther and Culross islands by the contact metamorphism accompo.nying the gro.nite intrusions . OONTAOT-METAMORPIDO ROCKS.1 The larger gro.nitic stocks of the Port Wells district are surrounded by aureoles of contact-metamorphic rocks produced by the intrusion of the granite ma.sses into the sedimentary rocks. The meta.mor­ phism of the graywackes and slates has yielded altered gra.ywackes, mica schists, and lmotted sillima.nite schists. Within these contact­ metamorphosed zones on both Esther and Culross islands are areas of gabbroic rocks whose exact genetic relations are uncertain. The gab bros of EstherIsland have been considered pregranitic intrusives,' but their field relations suggest that they may be recrystallized basic igneous rocks. All these contact rocks are intruded by granite and granitic, aplitic, and pegmatitic o.tfshoots of the granite stock. The altered gray"Wackes are fine-grained, light reddish-brown rocks, composed of quartz and biotite with a few grains of orthoclase and plagioclase. The biotite is sufficiently abundant to give a charac­ teristic reddish-brown color to the rocks. Nearer the contacts the rocks are medium grained, dark gray, massive, and more crystalline. Biotite mica schists and dioritic-look.ing rocks are the prevailing types. Biotite is still the predominant ferromagnesian constituent. Hornblende, muscovite, epidote, and apatite also occur. Knotted dark-gray slaty schists are found also on Esther and Culross islands. 1 Seeabo Grant, U. s.,and Blggtns, D. F., Reoonnatsstnoeorthe~logy and mineral reeources of Prmoe wm.1am Sound, Alaska: U. 8. Geol. BWTtY .Bull. 443, pp. :IO, 87, 38, ~11 fQ, 1910, Jdem, p. 49.

THE PORT WELLS GOLD-LODE DISTB.IOT. The are fine to coarse grained dark-gray to greenish rocks. Grant and Higgins's description 1 of the gabbro on the east side of Esther Island is as follows: This gabbro exists in several phases. One phai!e ia made up ~ly of poikilitic crystals of augite inclosing prismoid crystals of labradorite. Thie feldspar is about the same in all the phases of the gabbro. It is beautifully twinned, according to both the albite and pericline laws. Another phase has in addition to the o.ugi~ and labradorite a considerable quantity of olivine which is very fresh. About each grain of olivine is a zone made up of thousands of acicular colorless crystals of accino­ lite. No mechanical effects of deformation, such aa granulation or slicing, are preeent in the gabbro. On Culross· P assage is found "a. somewhat altered go.bbro rather high in plagioclase feldspar (labradorite) and with a partial ophitic texture." 2 These basic rocks are in some places slightly mineralized by chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. OONOLOkER&TE. A conglomerate-filled joint crack occurs on the south side of Point Cochrane and similar occurrencoo aro reported on Point Pigot. On Point Cochrane the conglomorate cuts squarely across an interbedded series of black slates, dark-banded argillites, and massive graywackes striking S.30° W. and dipping 65° W. to 90°. Abundant worm tu'be.9 (Terebdlina palachei.Ulrich) were found in th.is sla.te-graywacke series, and a.n argillite bowlder on the shore yielded an Inoceramya. This conglomerate, occupying a. joint crack that strikes N. 75° W. and dips 85° N. to vertical, is traceable 100 feet across the bea-0h. The width of the conglomerate band rangOJ from 6 inches (at the wa.tcr's edge) to 2 feet. The conglomerate b!ind iJ narrowest at the east end, where the pebbles are smaller and the rock is ,forker colored. The walls aresharp, distinct, andsmooth. At ona point a. narrow conglom­ erate stringer extends out into tho south wall along a crack in .the graywacke. This stringer narrows down to one-fourth inch before it ends 6 feet from where it left the ma.in conglomerate and 2 feet south of it. The conglomerate is a welJ-lithifi.ed dark-gray rock, darker than the older conglomerates of the district. The matrix is very fine grained. The pebbles ra.nge from some the size of pin points to well-rounded bowldors measuring 10 by 21 inches. They include graywacke, a.rgil­ lite, slate, quartz, and a. V"ery few small light-gray, very fine grained pebbles, possibly of an igneous rock similar to a. dike which outcrops near by. A characteristic feature of th.is conglomerate is the numerous rounded pebbles and bowlders of light reddish-brown metu.morphosed biotitic graywa.cke similar to the rock occurring in. the contact zones of the granites of Culross and Esther islands. · 1 (grant1 U. 8.1 and Hlgglm1 o. }'.1 op. cJt., p. 9. ldmn, p. 37,

.MINEB..U. RESOURCES OF ALASKA, 1918, GREENSTO.NE TUFF. Numerous bowiders of greenstone tuff are found in the beach gravels (wash) of Port Wells. They are dense fi.ne--grained rocks of light-green color, conspicuous on account of the numerous small, thin, angular fragments of black slate which they contain. No rock similar to this has been found in place in this district, but some may occur in the highei: parts of the mountains around Barry Glacier and the head of College Fiord. Paige and Knopf 1 have described similar rocks in the valley of Knik River. AGE AND CORRELATION. The age of the sedimentary rocks of the Port Wells district is not definitely known, but in the light of present knowledge they appear to in part Mesozoic and in pa.rt Paleozoic. Collections of fossils were made in 1913 in the slate-graywacko series at several points, but the paleontologic evidence was insufficient for an assignment of this series to a definite position in the geologic column. T. W. Ste.nton reported on the invertebrates collectM as follows: The invertebrates of this collection are all referable to speciee of eomewhat obscure nature, described by Mr. Ulrich as coming from the Yakutat group of Ala.ska, but I do not consider this determination to be established, although no additional in.for· mation has come to light since it was published. The fossils identified by Mr. Stanton were the following: OollectUm. ofim1ertebraUfoum from tk Port WelZ. dutrict, .Alad:a. 13AJ128 (8601). North Bide of Barry Ann, about a mile south of Coxe Glacier. Inowamya concentrica Ulrich. 13 AJ 217 (8602). Point C-ocb..rane. Terelullina palacltei Ulrich. Trails, etc. 13 AJ 218 (8603). FOllllil Boa~ from Point Coclu:ane. Jnoceramya c:oncmtrica Ulrich. Terebellina palaclati Ulrich. 13 AJ 260 (8604). F.a.at aide of Coghill Point, College Fiozd. Terebelli114 palachli Ulrich. Worm trails were also found at many other places in the district, and Inouramya concentrica Ulrich was also seen in place in the slate­ graywacke series on the west shore of Barry .Arm at its junction with the north shore of Harriman Fiord. No collection was made at this place. Certain other organ.isms collected in Port Wells in 1913 were deter­ mined by F. H. Knowlton, ns follows: l'Q!ge, Sidney, and Knopf, Adolph, Oeolog!o rcconnalsS8Doo In the Matanuaka lllld bMlnl, AJuD; U. S. Oeol. Survey Bull. 327, pp. 13-16, 1907.

THE POBT WELLS GOLD-LODE DlSTRIOT. Colkclion offouu plant.a from Port Well81 .Alail:a. 13 AJ ll3 (6710). E1uit aido of College Fiord at Minor's prospect. Helmintlwida abnormia Ulrich. Helmintlwida vaga Ulrich. 13il128 (6711). North Bide of Bll.l'Ty Arm, about l mile aouth of Co~e Glacier. Helmini.honda almormia Ulrich. 13 AJ 216 (6712). Cochrane Bay, wetit side, near head of bay. Calctllophycm rhombicum Ulrich. Mr. Knowlton's comment on these fossils follows: These peculiar organisms are identified without hesitation as being the aame fol'IDB named and described by E. 0 . ffirich (Alaska, vol. 4, Harriman Alaska Expedition), from the Yakutat group, mainly near Kodiak, A.lanka. ffirich regards the age aa Lower Jurasaic, and to this I hllve nothing to add. The slate, graywacke, and conglomerate series of Port Wells, there­ , fore, from the evidence afforded by fossils, appears to be synch.t·onous with the slates and graywa.ckes on Woody Island near Kodiak and to be possibly of early Mesozoic age. It will be· remembered that a Mesozoic age was assigned to the Orea group also, largely on account of the pre.gence of the worm tu bes Terebellina palachei Ulrich in the slates of that group.1 The exact position of these terra.nes in the geologic column, however, is still in doubt. The age of the greenstone on Culross Island is not known, but it is probably to be correlated with the greonstones of the Orea. group of the rest of Prince William Sound. The conglomerate at Point Cochrane was deposited in a fissurn in the slate-graywacke series after the intrusion of the Esther granite and the granite of Culross Island, and the contemporaneous meta­ morphism of tbe intruded sediments. It is probably of late Mesozoic or Tertiary age. INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROOX:S. DEEP-SEATED INTRUSIVES. The deep-seated intrusive rocks of Port Wells are granitic bosses intrusive into much contorted sedimentary rocks of the sla.t&-gray­ wacke series. ):..a.rge granite bosses form the central parts of Esther and Culross islands. Another large stock is exposed on Passage Canal, and several smaller irregular intrusions occur on the penin­ sula. between Harriman Fiord and Port Wells and on the north side of H arriman Fiord and Barry .Arm. The intrusive character of these granites is well established by the lack of basal conglomerates about the granites, by the contact metamorphism of the sediments about the stocks, and by the presence of dikes extending from the 1 Grant, U.S., aod Riggins, D. P'., Reconoalssanceor the geology and mJneral resources or PrllloeWllllam Bound, Alaska: C. S. Geol. Survey BDll. 443, p. 33, 1910. 60553°~Rull. 592~14 14

MINERAL RESOUROES OF ALASKA, 1913. granite into the surrounding sediments. With the exception of cer­ tain dike rocks and the conglomerate filling of t4e fissure on Point Cochrane, these granite intrusives are probably the youngest pre­ Quatemary roe~ of the Port Wells district. Several of these granite intrusives have boon described in detail by Grant and Higgins,1 and much of the following description of the granites of Esther and Culross islands and the Passage Canal is abstracted from their report. The granite on Culross Island is a rather dark gray biotite granite. The quartz shows marked undu­ latory extinction and contains numerous roughly parallel sheets and lines of inclusions. The plagioclase varies from nearly pure albite in some individuals to oligoclase-albite in others. Both plagioclase and orthoclase are somewhat altered to sericite. The biotite is alter­ ing to actinolite. Magnetite, apatite, zircon, and sphene are also reported. Small brown grains, possibly allanite, are associated with the biotite. The aplitic phases of the granite are finer grained than the main granite. Their lighter color is due to a decrease in the quantity of biotite present. A gray fine-grained granite covers an area about 4 miles long and 2 miles wide on the north side of Passage Canal. The feldspar con­ tent of this rock is cbie:By orthoclase, but includes a few crystals of plagioclase, varying between andesine and oligoclnse. The only dark mineral present is biotite, in part altered to chlorite. Small amounts of apatite, magnetite, and zircon are reported. A vug in this granite contained crystals of quartz, albite (A.b99.A.n.,), and chlorite. The Esther granite, a gneissic biotit&-hornblende granite, is the largest intrusive mass in the Port Wells district and one of the largest of the Prince William Sound region. It forms the greater part of Esther Island and covers an area approximately 4! miles wide by 9 miles long. This granite is in most places slightly porphyritic with orthocla.se phenocrysts. Smaller crystals of orthoclase occur in the groundroass. The plagioclase is about A.b85.A.nss, or . oligoclase­ a.ndesine, but many of the crystals have more acidic rims that grade to about albite-oligoclase in composition. The quartz is very undulatory and segmental in its extinction and in some places is partly granulated. Biotite is present in considerable amounts in all phases of the granite. The amount of hornblende varies from scarcely any to as much as the biotite. Accessory minerals are magnetite, apatite, zircon, and sphene. The average chemical and mineral composition of this granite, as determined by Grant and Higgins 2 by the Rosiwal method, is as follows: 1 Grant, u. S., and B.lgglns, D. F., op. cit., pp. 36-46, 1910. I Jdmn, p. 45, 1910.

THE PORT WELLS GOLD-LODE DISTRICT. . Average mineral compwition -0/ the Esther grwiite. Biotite . . ... 17.1 Hornblende... .. . 7. l . 4.verage chemical compo~ion of the E&ther granite. MgO. . .. ... 2. 9 eao s. 6 .S A small exposure of granite on the north side of Barry A.rm con­ sists of a medium-grained, light grayish-green, much altered granitoid rock, composed principally of quartz, orthoclase, pla.gioclase, and calcite. Sericitization of the feldspars is marked. The ferromag­ nesian minerals are altered to a light-greenish aggregate. The con­ tact phase of this graniteis a light gray rock with an aphanitic ground­ mass and scattered greenish rod.like phenocrysts, possibly originally_ amphiboles. A granite outcropping on the property of the Granite Gold Mining Co., on the west side of Port Wells, is a medium-grained, equigranular light greenish-gray rock, composed of quartz, feldspars, biotite, sericite, and cblorite. The ferromagnesian minerals are almost com­ pl~tely altered. The granite is cut by small quartz veins bordered by narrow carbonate bands which weather brown. Larger well­ minera.lized quartz 'veins occur in close association with this granite. On the tip of .e. small point on the west shore of Port Wells between the above property and Harrison Lagoon, a. breccia of slate, gray­ wake, a.nd granite has been further brecciated. and intruded by a similar granite, which in some places acts as a cement to both igneous an.d sedimentary material. In other places the breccia is cemented by an irregular network of porous crystalline quartz. Pyrite cubes, the largest half an inch across, occur in the granite. Graywacke and black banded a.rgillite blocks up to 10 feet square are found in the breccia. The gabbros in the contact zones of these intrusives are described under the heading "Contact-metamorphic rocks" (p. 206).

MlNEB.AL BESOUJWES OF ALASKA, 1913. DIKE ROOKS. Numerous lighkolored dikes cut the slates and graywackes of the Port Wells district and contrast strongly with the dark sedimentary rocks. The contact zones of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks sur­ rounding the la.rge granitic stocks on Esther and Culross islands a.re intruded by pegmatite and aplite dikes, and a few aplite offshoots from the granite of the P assage Canal extend into the sedimentary rocks on the north shore of Passage Canal. Large, nearly vertical dikes can be seen in the hills at the head of Pigot Bay, cutting the sediments bnck of and over the granite of P assage Canal; they a.re probably offshoots from this stock. Other dikes, provisionally termed quartz diorite porphyries, a.re widely distributed in the sedimentary rocks at long distances from the known granite areas. Th.is occur­ rence, noted also. in the Sitka. district 1 and in the Seward-Sunrise region, 2 is equally marked in Port Wells. Pegmo.tite, a.plite, and granite dikes are abundant in the recrystal­ lized rocks that surround the larger granite masses, and a few fine­ grained sugary a.plite dikes cut ~he granites on Esther Island a.nd Barry A.rm. Short, narrow dikes of a.plite with quartz centers cut the Esther granite, and the metamorphosed sediments that surround this granite are intricately intruded. by a variety of dikes, which show all gradations between white sugary garnetileroua soda. aplites, composed chiefly of albite, orthoclase, and quartz; light blue-gray aplites with variable amounts of garnets a.nd biotite; coarse-grained bluish-gray pegmo..tites; and fine-grained biotite granites. The meta­ morphic rocks on the south side of the granite of Culross Island are cut by numerous granitic and acidic dikes, most of them small. Some of the aplite dikes of the district a,re slightly mineralized. A s.m.all amount of pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite was observed along the conter of one of the blue-gray a.plite dikes on Esther Island, and in. aplite dikes cutting the granite of BarryArm pyrite, chalcopyrite, and arsenopyrite were recognized. Dikes that may provisionally be termed quartz diorite porphyries occur in most parts of the.district, but none are known in the vicinity of Golden or A very River or on Esther or Culross islands. Most of these dikes are only 4 to 6 feet wide, although much larger ones aro seen in a few places. They aro aphanitic to obscurely .finely por­ phyritic, with abundant rodlike phenocrysts. Extensive alteration has in many places obliterated the original porphyritic texture. These dike rocks are generally light greenish white to greenish gray, the phenocrysts ·being slightly darker than the ground mass. The rocks are usually much altered; the f erromagnesian minerals are com­ .Adolph, Tb<! Sllt:a m.lnitig district, Aliulra: U. s. Oool. Bun·ey Bull. 604, p. 17, 1912. J()bnsOn, B. L., Gold deposlb of I.he 8eward.Sunrlsereilon, Knal Peninsula: U.S. OeoJ. Survey Bull. 520, p. 140, 191.2.

THE PORT WELLS GOLD-LODE DISTRICT. changed and thescricitization of the feldspars is well advanced. The chief constituents of the altered rocks are quartz, feldspar (prin­ cipally plagiocla.se) 1 calcite, sericite, and chlorite. Plagioclase occurs both as phenocrysts and in the groundmass. The original ferro­ magnesian phenocrysts are now completely altered to aggregates of calcite, sericite, chlorite, and epidote, so that their original character is unlmown, but some specimens are reported 1 to show d.istincti ve amphibole cross sections. Some of the altered dikes contain miner­ alized veinlets of quartz and calcite, and dikes with such veinlets are usually metallized. Arsenopyrite and pyrite are the usual secondary sulphides in these metallized dikes. QUATERN.A.Ji.Y DEPOSITS. The Que.ternary sediments consist of unconsolidated material, rest­ ing unconf ormably on the glaciated surf aces of igneous and meta,. morphic rocks and include glacial deposits of various types, te1Tace gravels, outwash gravels, delta deposits, beach deposits, nnd stream gravels. Much of the material is of glacial origin, although most of it has been later reworked by stream or wave action. Purely glacial deposits a.re not abundant. A gl'ound moraine, thin and patchy, covers the lower overridden bedrock slopes. Terminal mora.innl dams existin the valley oi Coghill River. Crescentio termi­ nal moraines remain in front of Baker, Roaring, Bryn Mawr, and Wellesley glaciers, and fragments of early t-Orminal moraines are found in front of Serpentine, Barry, Yale, Harvard, and Blackstone glaciers. An ablation moraine covers the lower loba.te portion of V a.ssar Glacier. Submarine terminal moraines, or moraine bars, cross the mouths of Barry Arm and College Fiord, and the terminal moraine built by the Barry Glacier about 1898 extends below sea. level. Medial moraines can be seen on some of the existing glaciers, such as the Bryn Mawr and Harvard glaciers. Lateral moraines are also well developed on and near some of the present glaciers. Gravel terraces rest on the walls of College Fiord, and several of the cascading glaciers of College Fiord have built terminal moraines and outwash fans into the fiord, giving rise to o. narrow flat a.t the base of the western fiord wall. Small alluvial and delta. fans have also been built by streams from hanging glaciers into many of the fiords. Sand and gravel beaches, small and narrow, stretch along the shores or lie in rocky coves. Sandy bars, or spits, nearly close the mouths of lagoons at Golden, Point Pakenham, Hobo, a.nd other bays. The outwash gravel plain near Amherst, Crescent, Williams, and Dart­ mouth glaciers is the largest deposit of this type in College Fiord. Other large outwash plains lie in front of the Toboggan, Serpentine, 1 Grant, U.S., BIUfns, D. F., ReconnAlssanceorthegeo!ogyand mtneralresourceso!Priuce William Bound, Altl8ka; U.S. Geol. Survey Dull. 443, p. 47, 1910.

MINEBAL RESOURCES OF ALASKA, 1913. Baker, Dirty, Pigot, Bettles, Portage, and Tebenkof glaciers, and on the west side of the terminal moraine built by the Barry Glacier about 1898. Tidal flats occur at the heads of many of the bays. MINERAL RESOURCES. DEPOSITS EXPLOITED. The mineral resources of the Port Wells district comprise deposits of gold, silver, and antimony. At present gold and silver are the only metals recovered from the ores of this district. The gold pro­ duced comes only from lode deposits, a.nd the silver occurs alloyed with the native gold of the gold ores. There are no productive gold­ bearing gravels in the district, although colors of gold are reported in the outwash gravels at the head of Blackstone Bay and on Passage Canal. The deposits of antimony are small and of little commer­ cial importance. An antimony prospect on Ba.rry Arm has been described by Grant 1 in an earlier report. Only a few small stibnite­ bearing quartz veins have since been found. RISTOBY. Prospecting has been in progress in the Port Wells district since at least 1896. In that year Teening Carlson and Albert Nordstrom are reported to ha.ve discovered gold-bearing gravels on the Billings Glacier stream, on Passage Canal Mendenhall 2 noted the presence of pyrite-bearing quartz veins on P~age Cana.I in 1898, but no gold-quartz prospects are known to have been located in this district until 1907, when Albert Nordstrom, Teening Carlson, Ludwig Chris­ tiansen, and two others are said to have discovered and located the vein on what is now the property of the Thomas-Culross Mining Co., on Culross Island. This property was not held by the discov­ erers, and in October, 1910, the ground was relocated by N. L. Thomas, M. G. Tbomas, and Ludwig Christiansen. The discovery, in the year 1911, on the south side of the lagoon at Golden, of a. large bowlder of gold-bearing quartz, estimated to weigh 1i tons, ma.rkB the beginning of a new period of mining activity in the Port Wells district. On July 31, 1911, the Golden Wonder No. 1 and Golden Wonder No. 9 veins were located by Charles .Anderson ·and Louis Little. Following this discovery. of gold-quartz veins at Golden a small rush of prospectors to the district took place, and much pros­ pecting and locating of veins in that vicinity occurred. Most of the properties around Avery River and Golden were located in 1911. 1 Or&.11t, U. s., and S:lgVm, D. F., op. cit., p. 78. Mendenhall, W. C., A rocollllalssance (rom Rellurrwtlon Bay to I.he Tanana River, .Ala.sb, ln l8Q8: ti. 8. Oeol. Survey Twentlet.11 Aon. Rept., pt. 7, p. 306, 1000.

THE PORT WELLS GOLD-LODE DISTRICT. During the winter of 1911- 12 development work is reported to have been in progress at several of these properties and at one on the west side of Esther Island. The season of 1912 was wet and unfavorable to prospecting, but some veins were discovered, chiefly on the west side of ·Port Wells. Development work continued on several prop­ erties during that year and the following winter. In 1913 numerous prospectors were scattered over the district and several new veins were discovered. Development work was in progress on properties at Golden, A very River, Culross Island, Port Wells, Harriman Fiord, and Barry Arm. A few small test shipments of gold quartz were made to Valdez and Tacoma. in 1911 and the following years. In 1913 a.n arrastre was erected at tho Tolson & Stanton property a.t Golden. In the winter of 1913-14 a Lane mill is reported to have been installed at the property of the Granite Gold Mining Co., 011 the west side of Port Wells. GEOGRAPfilO DISTRIBUTION OF THE ORE DEPOSITS. The Port Wells district is one of several more or less isolated gold­ quartz districts which lie in a broad belt, concave southward, border­ ing Prince William Sound from McKinley Lake to Seward. The gen­ eral characteristics of these districts are much a.like and the deposits of the Port Wells district differ little from the gold-quartz deposits of the near-by V e.ldez and Seward-Sunrise districts. The known mineralized portion of the Port Wells district has a northeast-southwest trend, paralleling in general the strike of College Fiord, Port Wells, and Cochrane Bay. (See Pl. IX.) The mineralized area, which is a few miles wide at the north end of College Fiord, widens rapidly southwestward and at the south end of the dis­ trict has a width between known gold prospects of about 30 miles a.nd extends in an e.ast-west direction from Portage Glacier Pass to Eaglek Bay. The mineralized area apparently continues southwest­ ward into Kenai Peninsula. Most of the prospects have been dis­ covered in the west-central part of this triangular area, about Golden and Point Pa.kenya.ro, and on the peninsula between Harriman Fiord, Port Wells, and Passage Canal. The known vertical range of mineralization is over 3,000 feet, extending from sea level in various parts of the district to an eleva­ tion of more than 3,000 feet at the Rummel-Rowell prospect, on the east side of Barry Arm. Gold deposits are distributed throughout the entire vertical range of mineralization, but very few have yet been discovered over 2,000 feet above sea. level. Prior to September 1, 1913, the gold and silver produced in the Port Wells district had been only that recovered from small sample lots of gold-quartz ore shipped from the several properties in the dis­

MINERAL RESOURO~S OP ALASKA, 1913. trict to Valdez a.nd the Tacoma smelter a.nd its value probably did not exceed $3,000. An arrastre near Golden wo.s nearly completed during the summer of 1913 but was not in operation on: September 1. Early in 1914, after the erection of a. Lane mill, the Granite Gold Mining Co., on Port Wells, began to produce gold. GEOLOGIC ltBLATIONS OJ!' THE ORE DE:POSITS. STRUCTURAL RELATIONS. The determination of the distribution of the gold-quartz veins of the Port Wells district is largely a structural problem. The lodes appear t-0 be most abundant in tho moro disturbed rocks, which are included in the triangular area. between Mount Emerson, College Fiord, and Barry Arm, the peninsula between Harriman FiQrd, Port Wells, and Passage Canal, and tI?e region adjacent to Avery River and Golden. Three periods of fissuring are indicated. The first set of fissures resulted from the deformation contemporaneous with the intrusion of the granites and dikes; the second set of fissures, which were filled by quartz veins, were formed alter the igneous intrusions; the third set were formed by post,..mineral movements. Some of the earlier fissures appear to have been places of earth movements throughout all three epochs. The gold deposits of the district a.re principally veins but include a few stringer lodes, and some of the acidic dikes have been shattered and cemented by .mineralized quartz. The strikes of the veins va.ry locally. Northeast strikes prevail around Golden, for instance, a.nd northwest strikes are most prominent on Barry Arm, Bettles Bay, and at some places on the west side of Port Wells. Taking the dis­ trict as a whole, however, the strikes lie within the 145° included between N. 55° W. and ea.st-west. The dips a.re as a rule between 60° and 90°. The veins and :fissures are narrow, their width ranging gener· ally from a few inches to 3 or 4 f ect. Some of the fissures a.re sharp, clean cut, and quartz filled; others are shattered zones, lenses, or irregular networks of quartz cementing fractures between well­ defined walls; and in still others the filling is chiefly pulverized and shattered country rock with but little quartz. The character of the country rock has ha.d little, if any, chemical effect on the deposition of most of the gold-bearing ores of this dis­ trict. Most of the lodes are in the slate, a.rgillite, graywa.cke, and conglomerate members of the slate-graywacke series. They show no evidence of chemical action in effecting ore deposition, and have the appearance of simple fissure fillings. In the greenstone of Culross Island and in the mineralized acidic dikes of the district a slight amount of sulphide impregnation of the altered country rock of the veins h88 taken place.

THE POllT WELLS GOLD-LODE DISTRICT. AGE OF MINERALIZATION. The gold ores of the Port Wells district were formed after the deformation of the slate, graywacke, and conglomerate series and the intrusion of the granites and the quartz diorite porphyry dike.s. The granite of Barry Arm is cut by sulphide-bearing aplite dikes and was itself slightly mineralized after its intrusion and solidificar­ tion. The gl'a.nite on the property of the Granite Gold Mining Co. on Port Wells is cut by gold-bearing quartz veins. Sulphide-bearing pegmatites occur on Esther Island. Whether the sulphides a.re original constituents of these aplite and pegmatite dike .rocks is not now known. Several of the quartz diorite porphyry dikes of the district have been shattered and then mineralized. .An intimate relation is indicated between the igneous intrusions of the district and the metalliferous deposits. It appears closest between the aplite and pegmati te dikes and the quartz veins. No actual gradation from aplite or pegmatite dikes to quartz veins has been observed, however, although certain of the apllte dikes have quartz centers and in some places carry sulphides. The mineralization of the Port Wells district is probably of .Meso­ zoic age, following closely the granitic intrusions. It probably preceded the formation of the conglomerate on Point Cochrane, bowlders of contact-metamorphosed rocks similar to those produced by the granitic intrusions occurring in this conglomerate. CHARACTER OF THE OREB. The ores of the Port Wells district are free·milling gold~quartz ores. The ore minerals are primary, the intense glacial scouring to which this district has been subjected removing any preglacial enriched zones which may once have existed and exposing tho original sulphide ore deposits at the surface. The recentness of this glacia­ tion bas, moreover, afforded little opportunity for later surface a.Iteration of the deposits. A small portion of the sulphides in the outcrops has been oxidized, but primary unaltered sulphides also show in practically all outcrops. The mineralogy of the ores is simple. The dominant non.metallic ga.ngue mineral is quartz. Minor amounts t'f calcite and chlorite also occur. Mendenhall' has recorded the presence of fluorite in quartz veins on Passage Canal, but none was observed in the speci~ · mens collected in 1913. The primary metallic minerals of the ores are gold, silver, pyrite, galena, spha.lerite, pyrrhotite, a.rsenopyrite, stibnite, and chalcopyrite. The economically important minerals are gold and silver, the silver occurring alloyed with the native gold. Mendenhall, W. C., A reoonna!ssamce from Resunectloo Bay to the Tanaoa RITiit, Alaak&, Ill U!98: U. 8. <no!. Survey Twentieth ADD. Rept., pt. 7, p. 306, 1900.

/ B.ESOUBCES OP ALASKA, 101.a. Secondary minerals found in the weathered outcrops of the veins are of little importance. Limonite is the most common oxidation product. The relative abundance of the gangue and metallic ore minerals is not known, bot the sulphides are not particularly abundant in most of tho ores. GOLD-QUARTZ PROSPECTS. O&DD 01' The following descriptions·are based on short visits to tho propel""' ties exru:nined, supplemented by office examination of the specimens collected at each property. All the prospects in the district were not visited, but enough were seen to permit general conclusions to be formed regarding the occurrence of the ore bodies. The descrip­ tions are grouped by separate fiords and bays so far 88 possible, and these fiords are considered in geographic order from north to south. The arrangement of localities in ea,ch fiord has no significance aa to relative importance of the separate prospects, nor is the amount of space .devoted to a prospect any measure of its economic value. General conditions.-Good gold-quartz float has been reported on the upper end of College Fiord and considerable staking bas been done, but the Minor prospect is the only one on which any underground development work has been done. Some gold-quartz float is also said to have been found near Williams Glacier, and an arsenopyrite ledge is reported in. the mountains at the head of Coghill River. The Point Pa.kenya.m prospects are described together under the heading Barry Arm, and the Avery River and Golden prospects a.re con· sidered under separate headings. Oann & Minor prospect.- The prospect of J. H. C&n.n and C. J. Minor is on the east side of College Fiord, a.bout 2 miles north of the mouth of Coghill River. The development work consists of a. tunnel near see. level, a.bout 65 feet long, and some stripping along the ledge above the tunnel and on a vein at an elevation of 250 feet. The country rock at the tunnel is slate and massive graywa.cke cut by an acidic dike. The vein is closely associated with the dike, in places cementing the shattered dike rock. The tunnel is driven S. 9° W. along a fault that intersects both dike and vein. The quartz exposed ranges inwidth from a.few inches to 6 feet. The dike has o. maximum observed width of 5 feet. Some calcite-bearing quartz stringers cut the gra.ywa.cke at the mouth of the tunnel. The country rock at the upper showing is graywa.cke. The veins a.bout 3 feet wide e.nd is exposed for 20 feet. It strikes approximately N. 56° W. and bas e. vertical dip. The walls are free but show no gouge. The minerali­ zation appears to be slight in both veins. Quartz, calcite, pyrite, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite were recogni2ed in the ores.

THE POBT WELLS G-OU>-LODB DJSTJl.IOT. Oonley &: McfJhuney prospects.-These prospects were not visited, and the information regarding them given below was ob­ tained from W. M. Conley. The Bluebell, Perseverance, and Whistler cla.ims are said to be on the north side of A very Rivor between 2 and 3 miles from its mouth. The deve!opment work consists of a. 40-foot tunnel on the Bluebell claim, a. 10-f oot sbo.ft on the Whistler, and some stripping. The first two claims are re­ ported to have been located in September, 1911, by W. M. Conley and R. J . McChesney. The vein on the Bluebell is 18 inches to 8 feet wide, that on the Whistler 3 feet wide, and that on the Persever­ ance several feet. All three veins a.re said to be traceable for con­ siderable distances. Ore specimens from the Perseverance shown to the writer were bluish quartz with few sulphides. In specimens from the Whistler claim the quartz carried galena, pyrite, and chalcopyrite. Prospect of Sweepstake Mining Oo.-The Avery River prospect of the Sweepstake Mining Co. is on the north side of Avery River, above timber line, about 2 miles from the mouth of the river. The developments by the company include a. 100-foot tunnel, an 18-foot shaft filled with water at time of the writer's visit, a trail from the mouth of the river to the workings, a log ca.bin, and o. sawmill o.t the mouth of Avery River. The veins were discovered in November, 1911, by Charles Elwood and John Reuef. Development work is reported to have been started about March, 1912. Several tons of good ore taken from the shaft are said to have been shipped to Valdez in the spring of 1912. The shaft, which is at an elevation of about 1,880 feet, wns sunk on a. ~ure 5 feet wide, the ore shoot in which had a maximum width of 16 to 18 inches and a length as stripped of about 20 feet. The ~ure strikes N . 65° W. and dips 45° W. in a thin--Oleaved slate country. At the east end of the workings the fissure was 5 feet wide, but only the 4 inches of the fissure filling next the banging wall car­ ried quartz veins. The rest of the fissure filling consisted of black slate with a. few small cross-cutting quartz stringers. The tunnel was driven at an elevation of 1,850 feet to intersect this fissure. The rock in the tunnel consists of sheared slates a.nd gra.ywackes and white, barren-looking quartz stringers. A few hundred feet east of the tunnel there is a. well-defined quartz vein, with a.n east-west strike and a. vertical dip, cutting the schis­ tosity of the slate graywacke country. Thewidth of the fissure varies from 10 inches to 6 feet. The quartz is from 3 to 36 inches wide a.nd in many places fills the entire fissure. Near the upper end of the outcrop the fissure ranges in width from 3 to 6 feet. It contains no well-defined vein, but includes numerous quartz stringers, some as much as 7 inches wide.

MINER.AL RESOURCES OF ALASKA, 1913. The gangue minerals of the ores include quartz, calcite, o. brown­ weathering carbonate, feldspar, and chlorite. The metallic minerals are a.rsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and gold. Limcr nite is present as a surficial oxidation product of the sulphides. claim.-The North Star claim is on the north side of Avery River, some distance west of the veins of the Sweepstake Mining Co. The vein is reported to have been located in 1911 by John E. Groth, Thomas J. Davis, E. S. Malone, Harry Thisted, William McKnight, Charles Stevens, and Felbc Wilson. The develop­ ment work consists of o. 53-foot incline shaft with two short drifts, 10 and 15 feet in length, along the lead at the bottom of the shaft, and o. crosscut tunnel, 20 feet in length, driven in 1913, at an altitude of about 1,620 feet . The shaft, which is at an elevation of 1,725 feet, is sunk on a fissure striking about S. 60° W. and dipping 60° N. The fissure, 5 feet in width at the surface, is in o. sheared slate o.nd gray­ wacke country rook. The fissure filling appears to consist of sheared slates and graywackes, with closely packed stringers and lenst?s of quartz lying parallel to the fissure walls. The ore ranges in width from 6 to 30 inches but is said to average about 2 feet. The lead is reported to outcrop in spots for about the length .of a claim. The quartz is said to pan well and to give good assay returns. Morning Star claim.-Information regarding the Morning Star claim, which was not visited, was obtained from John E. Groth, who, with E. S. Malone, discovered it July 25, 1913. A 10-foot shaft has been sunk on a vein, which shows a. width of 4 feet in the bottom of the shaft, though in other places it is much narrower. It is said to be traceable for 3 claim lengths. The Morning Star claim is a.bout 2 claims distant from the North Star claim. Consolidated claims.- The information regarding the Consolidated. claims, which were not visited, was furnished byJolw E. Groth. They are on the north side of Avery River and adjoin the Morning Star claim. The owners in 1913 were said to be John E. Groth, T. J . Davis, H. Tbisted, E. S. Ma.lone, William McKnight, and Charles Stevens. The development work consists ot a 10-foot shaft on a vein striking northeast and ranging in width from 6 inches to 2 feet. OOLDBll' £lrD VIOilllTY. Nugget claim.- The Nugget claim is above timber line, at an eleva­ tion of 1,700 fact on the mountain northeast of Golden. The veins were discovered by Stephen Roe August 14, 1911. No d~velopment work was done in 1911. The development work in 1913 consisted of a tunnel with about 175 feet of underground workings, a shallow shaft at the upper showing (original discovery), some stripping, and a trail from the shore to the property. A shipment of ore from both show­ ings is reported to have yielded good return&.

THE PORT WELLS GOLD-LODE DISTRICT. The country rock of the ore bodies is graywacke and black slate. The two ore bodies are about 700 feet apart. The original discovery is reported to be a 4 to 10 inch vein, traceable 70 feet, with a north­ east strike and nearly vertical dip. Th~ tunnel is driven on tho lower showing, a fissure 4 to 30 inches wide, with a length of a.bout 200 feet. At the mouth of the tunnel tbisfissurestrikesN. 80°E. and dips 75° N. At the east end of the vein the lead makes a curve southward, the last 10 feet having a northerly strike and a vertical dip. The fissure filling consists of shea.rlld slate and graywacke. The quartz in the fissure varies from only a little in places to a solid vein 20 inches wide. The gangue is quartz, with some calcite and considerable chlorite. The metallic ore minerals include gold, silver, galena, and pyrrhotite. The ore is said to contain chalcopyrite and pyrite. Limonite occurs, as usual, as an alteration product of the iron-bearing sulphides. Mayflower 11ein.-The Mayflower lead crosses the crest of tho mountain northeast of Golden at timber line. Only a lit.tie open-cut work on the "lead is reported. The country is the usual slate and graywacke. The lead is an 8-foot fissure, striking southwest and dipping 70° W. Stringers of quartz, from 2 to 8 inches in width, are reported in the sheared fissure fillliig. Low assays a.re reported. GoT.dm Wonder No. 9 claim.-Tbe Golden Wonder No. 9 claim is above timber line on the mountain northeast of Golden, ahout 1; miles from the town. The vein is said to have been located July 31, 1911, by Charles Anderson and Louis Little. The developments con­ sist of a deep 30-foot open-<'ut along the lead at an elevation of 1,440 feet, and some stripping. The country rock is chiefly ala.to with some massive gra.ywe.cke. The beds are folded and sheared. The ore lies in a well-defined fissure striking southwestward and dipping 70° N. The fissure ranges in width from 8 to 44 inches, and is traceable for over 250 foet. The fissure filling consists of crushed slate, in some places with little or no quartz. In other places quartz occurs as long and narrow stringer and lenses lying parallel to th& walls of the -fissure. At the open cut the fissure is 44 inches wide and contains a 3-foot quartz lens a.bout 100 feet long. The hanging wall side of this large quartz lens is smooth a.nd shows horizontal slicken­ sides, and there is an inch of gouge on the hanging wall. 'rhe nonmetallic ore minerals include quartz and small a.mounts of calcite and chlorite. The gold is free. The sulphides a.re present as tjny specks in the ore and include pyrrhotite, pyrite, cba.lcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and spbalerite. Llmonitc occurs as a surface a.Itera­ tion product of the sulphides. Assays ranging from $30 to $100 are reported on this ore. Froilerlhurg &: Bloom claim.-The Frodenburg & Bloom claim is at an elevation of 1,150 feet on the mountain northeast of Golden. It is near the Golden Wonder 'No. 9, and was located July 23, 1913,

MINERAL RESOURCES OF ALASKA, 1913. by .Axel Frodenburg and Charles Bloom. The only development work consists of e. little stripping. The country rock is chiefly gra.y­ wa.cke. The :fissure strikes S. 80° W. and dips 60° N. .At one place a qu&rtz lens, 10 to 18 inches wide and traceable 45 feet, fills the entire fissure. .About 50 feet farther uphill a. 25-foot stripping ex­ poses a 10-inch fissure mgraywacke with 8 inches·of quartz. A few fine colors a.re reported to be obtainable from tbis quartz by panning. MO'Untain cl.aim.-The Mountain claim is located on a. fissure that is reported to be the extension of the :fissure on the Golden Wonder No. 9 claim. It is at an elevation of about 450 feet in the timber on the mountain northeast of Golden. The country rock is slate and graywacke. The development work in 1913 consisted of open cuts and stripping. The fissure is about 8 feet wide, strikes S. 70° W.1 and dips 85° W. Numerous small quartz stringers e.nd bunches of quartz lie in the fissure filling, parallel to the walls. Most of the stringers are short and the largest have thicknesses of 2 to 3 inches. The ore contains much vein chlorite. · Lucky SweAle claim.-The Lucky Swede vein is at the foot of the south slope of the mountain northeast of Golden, a short distance from the town. The lowest outcrop is at an elevation of about 800 · feet. The vein was discovered and located in the summer of 1911 by Charles .Anderson and Louis Little. The development work in 1913 consisted of 11. little stripping and trail cutting. The country rock comp.rises slate· and graywacke. The ore body is a quartz-filled fissure striking.S. 60°-70° W. and dipping steeply to the southeast (77°-85°). The vein is traceable for several hundred feet. It.s width varies from 8 to 44 inches. The maximum width of solid quartz is 36 inches, but the average width is .only 2 feet. The :fissure in some place includes a little sheared slate and graywacke. The walls of tho vein are in most places frozen. Where the walls were free no gouge was observed. The quartz shows a little secondary banding parallel to the we.Us. This vein is only slightly mineralized. The ore pans free gold a.nd assays ranging from Sl to $14 are reported. No sulphides were seen in the ore. GoTiien Wonder No. 1 claim.- The Golden Wonder No. 1 is a short distance east of Golden, at the foot of the mountain, on the northeast side of the town. It was discovered and located July 31, 1911, by Charles Anderson and Louis Little. The development work in the fall of 1913 consisted of a 10-foot adit tunnel with a 15-foot approach, at an elevation of 350 feet, and some stripping along the ledge. .A ton of the ore is said to have been shipped to Tacoma. The country rock is the usual slate and graywacke. The ore body lies in a fissure that is reported to be traceable for more than 2,000 Jeet. The fissure strikes S. 60° W. and dips 70° N. and varies in

THE PORT WELLS GOLD-LODE DTSTRIOT. width from 2! to 4 feet. The fissure :filling consists of shattered and sheared slate and gra.ywa.cke with lenses and stringers of quartz parallel to the we.Us. At the tunnel the quartz ranges from narrow sea.ms to stringers 8 inches wide. The stripping at the discovery exposes the lead for about 75 feet. Here the quartz ranges in width from 1 to 6 inches. At an elevation of 590 feet only a few quartz stringers show in an S~foot strip of the fissure. The m~um width of solid quartz reported is 10 inches. The quartz is hard and bluish white. Secondary banding parallel to the walls appears in places. A small amount of calcite occurs as a ga.ngue mineral. The metallic minerals recognized in the ore are gold, galena, and arsenopyrito. Tho fissure filling is said to assay S4 to SS in gold per ton, and assays as high as S96 per ton are reported from the qua.rtz . .Arrowhead claim.-The Arrowhead claim was located by H. C. and H. R. Johnson January 1, 1913. It is on the shore south of Golde.n near the entra.nce to the small bay on which Golden is situated. The development work at the time of the writer's visit comprised a 20-foot adit tunnel, a little stripping, and a. ca.bin. The country rock is slate and graywa.cke. The tunnel is driven S. 70° W. a.long a. vertical fis­ sure pa.rallel to the shore. The width of tho fissure varies from 6 inches to 8 feet, and it appea.rs to be traceable for sever&! hundred feet. The fissure filling consists of sheared slate carrying qu&rtz stringers parallel to the walls. The a.mount of quartz in the tunnel varies from a.few stringers to a. mass that is reported to fill the entire face of the tunnel. On the shore a.long the line of the fissure there is a. quartz outcrop 125 feet long by 8 foot wide, wiLh 2 feot of slate and with quartz stringers on tho east wa.11. This quartz occurs as ~losely pa.eked len'3es. The ore appears to be only slightly mineralized. It contains few sulphides, only pyrite having been observed. Griset claims.-Along the shore near Golden Edwin Griset ha.s located several claims on which little development work hn.s been done. A 6-foot aha.ft has been sunk on a lead that is traceable Ior about 75 feet. A quartz lens 5 feet thick outcrops on the shore. The shaft exposes a.n 18-inch vein of white quartz that strikes south­ west and dips north on ono side of the sha.ft. A mass of shattered graywa.ckes 32 inches wide, with quartz seams, forms the opposite side of the shaft. A 10-foot tunnel just west of the post office crosscuts a. 33-inch fissure striking S. 65° W. and dipping 55° N. The country rock is the usual slato and graywa.cko. The :fissure is reported to be traceable about 300 feet. Gouge occurs on both walls and quartz lenses and stringers appear in the fissure filling. About 22 inches of quartz shows in the north wall of tho tunnel but only a few quartz stringers in the fis'3ure on the south wall.

MINERAL RESOURCES OF ALASKA, 1913. The Keynote·claim is a.bout e. mile south of Golden a.nd a.bout 400 feet from the shore, on the north be.nk of a. small stream, at an eleva­ tion of 75 to 100 feet. This claim was located. September 7, 1913, a.nd a.t the time the property was visited the lead had been stripped a.bout 40 feet. The vein ranges in width from 3 to 6 feet. The quartz in surfa.ce showings is much shattered and breaks free from the hllllging wall with a little gouge. Bunches of qua.rtz also occur in the country slat'e a.nd gra.ywacke. Sulphides are scarce in the ore, and a.rsono­ pyrite and pyrite were the only ones recognized. The ore pans fine gold. Golden Eagle claim.-The Golden Eagle lode outcrops on the steep timbered north slope of the mountain south of Golden, between 500 and 600 feet above sea level. This prospect is said to have been dis­ covered late in August, 1911, by Charles Anderson and Louis Little. A large gold-bearing quartz bowlder, weighing a.bout a ton, was found on the south side of the la.goon on this claim. ·This bowlder broken up and shipped to the stamp mill at Valdez in September, 1911, e.nd is reported to have yielded $42. A shipment of ore is also reported to have been made from this property in 1913. The devel­ opment work consists of two tunnels, 155 and 45 feet in length, and a trail to the property from the shore. The country rocks are black slates and dark-colored gra.ywa.ckes, much folded and faulted. The ore deposit appears to be a stringer lode, in the folded and faulted slates and graywa.ckes. It is reported to be traceable 400 or 500 feet. The lode varies in width from 2 inches to 10 feet or more. At the mouth of the upper tunnel it is about 10 feet wide. In the bluff between the two tunnels no lead shows, the graywa.cke walls apparently coming together and cutting it out." The lode strikes a.bout S. 20Q W. and has a vertical dip. The distribution of quartz is very irregular. Masses of quartz, the largest 18 inches across, occur in the lower tunnel, which is driven in slate along a sla.te-gre.ywa.cke contact. The slate carries numerous quartz stringers parallel to the contact. At some places 2 to 4 feet of solid quartz can be seen in the lode; at others the quartz occurs 88 numer· ous narrow stringers. The ga.ngue is predom.ina.ntly quartz but contains also chlorite. Gold occurs native. Few sulphides a.re seen in the ore, pyrrhotite being the only one recognized. Assays are reported ranging from blanks to $175 per ton. A10-footsample over the mouth of the upper tunnel is said to have assayed $9.20. · · H. M. Garter da:ima.- The 0. K. No. 1 and New York claims of H. M. Carter were located in the fall of 1911. They lie north of the Tolson and Stanton prospect, at an. elevation of 1,750 feeG on the west slope of the mountain south of Golden, about li· miles from the settle­ mant. The only development in September, 1913, WBS a short open

THE PORT WELLS GOLD-LODE DISTRICT. cut. The country rock is schistose slates and graywackes. The ore deposit consists of a series of small parallel :fissures carrying quartz stringers a.nd lenses. The largest:fissure ranges in a width from 4 to 12 .inches. The maximum width observed on any body of quartz was 10 inches. The :fissures strike S. 70° W. to S. 85° W. and have aver­ tical dip. The ore carries considerable fine gold and is reported to yield good assays. Tolson&: Stanton prospect.- Tbe prospect of Michael Stanton a.nd C. P. Tolson lies between 1,500 and l,600 feet above sea level on the mountain about 2 miles south of Golden. It was discovered and located in September, 1911, by the present owners. The develop­ ment work in September, 1913, consisted of a tunnel about 155 feet in length and some stripping along the lead. .An arra.stre, a cabin, and a trail to the shore were also built. The country rock consists of closely folded slates and gra.ywa.ckes. The ore deposit occupies a :fissure from 2 to 5 feet wide, which is trace­ able about 300 feet. Tho :fissure has a southwest strike and a vertical dip. The :fissure filling consists of sheared slate and graywaoke with stringers and lenses of quartz parallel to tho walls of the fissure. The amount of quartz in the fissure varies from place to place. The widest quartz lens or stringer was 24 inches across. At an elevation of 1,620 feet a. 10-inch quartz stringer extends into the west wall of the :fissure. At an elevation of 11660 feet a line of quartz outcrops extends 50 feet southwestward from the :fissure. In places only a few small quartz stringers occur in the :fissure. The gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, and chlorite. The metallic ore minerals are gold, arsenopyrite, sphaleritc, pyrite, and pyrrhotite. Some arsenopyrite impregnates the slate country rock. Paym.after Zode.- Tbe Paymaster lode was not visited, and the information regarding it given here was obtained from the locator, Peter Black, who discovered and located in the fall of 1912. It is above timber line on a mountain on the east s~de of Barry Arm, a.bout 1! miles from the shore. The vein is reported to strike a.bout north and to be traceable for 200 to 300 feet. Its width ranges from Ii to 3 feet. Pa.ns and assays of gold ranging from $18 to $88 per ton are reported. Walters, Brasslin & Atkin.son prospect.- The prospect of A. W. Walters, J. Brasslin, and RobertAtkinson is limiles from Barry Arm, on the west side of a stream that flows into Barry Arm just west of Point Pa.kenham. Float was found in 1911 in a small creek that crosses the ledge, which was discovered July 2, 1913. A lower cross-­ cut tone1, 52 feet long, at an elevation of 265 feet, an upper adit 60553°~Bull. 592--14---15

MINERAL RESOURCES OF A.LASKA, 1913. tunnel, 25 feet· long, at an elevation of 300 feet, open cuts, and strip­ ping comprised the development work in September, 1913. The country rock is the usual slate and graywacke. The ore deposit is a. small vein, which is traceable about 170 feet. At the upper tunnel the vein ranged in width from 2 to 8 inches, but its average width was about 3 inches. It strikes N. 21° E. and dips vertically at the tunnel and shows a thin gouge on both walls. At one place it is offset 2 feet by a small fa.ult. About 20 feet south of the mouth of the tunnel the course of the vein swings round to N. 40° E. A few barren-looking quartz stringers occur in different parts of the lower crosscut tunnel. The vein, which is crosscut at the face of this tunnel, has a. strike of N. 11° E. and a vertical dip. The east wall is free, with gouge; the hanging wall is frozen. Arsenopyrite occurs in consider­ able quantity in. tha ore, some stringers of solid arsenopyrite an inch thick being seen. The other metallic ore minerals are galena, gold, and sphalerite. The oxidized outcrop of the ore body is reported to yield big pans. Assays of the ore are said to range from $23 to $88. Simonton &J Mills prospect.-The prospect of J. L. Simonton and Fred Mills is in the timber on the northeast side of Barry Arm, a.bout a mile from shore, at an elevation between 900 and 1,000 feet. The Alaska Wonder ledge was discovered and staked July 4, 1913. The development work consists of stripping the vein and cutting a. trail to the property. The country rock is gra.ywaoke and some slate. The ore body has been traced about 200 feet. Itvaries in width from 6 inches to 5t feet of solid quartz. The walls are in most places frozen, but in some places break free, without gouge. The lead. strikes a. little west of north and has a vertical dip. .A.t an elevation of 1,025 feet a. nearly parallel 4-foot quartz vein joins this vein. In places these veins consist of shattered gra.ywa.cke and numerous branching stringers of white quartz. The ore minerals are galena., pyrite, chalcopyrite, and gold. About 400 feet north of this ledge is a. large ourorop of quartz 10 to 12 feet wide, which bas been traced for about 50 feet by a. series of open cuts. This quartz appears to be but slightly mineralized. Prospects of Charles Oameron.-The three prospects of Charles Cameron are on Barry Arm, on the west side of Point Pakenham. Two of the prospects are at sea level and close to the sho_re; the other is in the timber at an elevation of 785 feet, a.bout three-fourths of a mile north of Point Pakenha.m. About 200 feet from the shore is a vein, which was located in the spring of 1912. It occupies a small well-defined fissure striking north and dipping 50° E. The width of the vein varies from 4 to 20 inches, averaging between 10 and 15 inches. It bas been stripped about 100 feet. The country rock is slate and thin banded argillite. The foot wall of the vein is free but shows no gouge. In the 25-foot. a.dit

THE PORT WELLS GOLD-LODE DISTRICT. tunnel a. thin gouge lies along the hanging wa.ll. The vein shows sec­ ondary banding parallel to the walls. The quartz is white, and in places is vuggy a.nd contains coarse quartz crysta.ls, though a.t other places it is fine e.nd compact. . The mineralization is slight. Free gold is reported, and calcite, arsenopyrite, cbe.lcopyrite, and pyrite were recognized in the ore. The ore contains also a cream-colored carbonate with curved cleavage surfaces. Near by on the shore another quartz vein is exposed in a 15-foot vertical bluff. This vein was located June 30, 1912. The country rock is slate and graywacke. The strike is apparently N. 45° W.; the dip is 20° N. at the foot of the bluff and 60° N. at the top. The width of the vein ranges from 8 to 15 inches. The wells a.re free but show no gouge. The Last Chance No. 2 clo.im was staked May 2, 1913, by Charles Cameron. It is an elevation of about 775 feet on the north bank of a small creek about three-fourths of a mile north of Point Paken­ ham. The country rock is massive graywaoke and a little slate. The vein strikes S. 10° W. and dips 50° W. and varies in width from 3 to 36 inches. It has been traced about 150 feet. The walls are free but show no gouge. A slight secondary banding parallel to the walls is evident in some places. The quartz is white, is vuggy in spots, and contains large quartz crystals and a. few specks of a.rsenopyrite. The ore is said to pan good and a. $13 assay is reported. Griset &: Benson claim.- Tbe property of Edwin Griset a.nd 0. T. Benson, on the east side of Point Pakenham, was not visited, and the information here given was obtained from Edwin Oriset. It in­ cludes Eureka and Spruce groups, which were located in the spring of 1912: The developments consist of a 30-foot crosscut tunneL open cuts, and stripping. The ledge has been traced about 300 feet a.nd shows a.n average width of 3 feet of quartz, with a. maximum width of 7 to 8 feet. The vein has a nearly vertical dip. Mitchell &: Myers mineralizeil dike.- The property of J. E. Mitchell and W. H. Myers is on the south side of Mitchell Crook, a tributary to Ba.rry Ann from the south near the mouth of the arm. The claims are timbered. The lowest outcrop of the ore body is about 30 feet a.hove sea level. The property was discovered September 2, 1912, by the present owners. The development work consists of a few open cuts. An acidic dike, 67 inches wide e.t the lowest showing and 5 feet wide at the upper showing, cuts the slate country. The dike strikes S. 50° W. and dips 53°-75° W. and is reported to be traceable four claim lengths. Between the two showings visited, a distance of about 1,000 feet, the dike is concealed. The ore deposit consists of mineralized quartz veins and stringers cementing the shatwred dike. At the lowest outcrop gold-bearing quartz stringers, the lMgest 8 inches wide, with frozen walls, occur in the

MINERAL RESOURCES OF ALASKA, 1913. dike. At an elevation of 180 feet a quartz vein 3 inches wide, with free walls, strikes N. 51 ° W. a.nd dips 60° E. A few quartz stringers with frozen walls also occur here. The gangue minerals of the ore are quartz and calcite. The metallic ore minerals are arsenopyrite, galena, and gold. Pyrite is also reported. Assays on the dike alone are said to range from Sl.40 to $7. Higher assays are reported on the quartz. , JURBIVA!f FIOJtD. Bl,aclc &1 Hogan prospect.-The prospect of Peter Black and William Hogan was located in August, 1913, on the north side of Harriman Fiord, a short distance east of the foot of the Serpentine Glacier. The claims are timbered. Newspaper accounts state that a 2~foot adit tunnel was driven. on one of the veins during the winter of The country rock consists of graywaeke cut·by much altered light­ gra.y fine to medium grained granite dikes and masses. Several nearly parallel quartz veins are reported. At a.n elevation of 350 feet an 18-inch quartz-filled Ilssu.re strikes N. 26° W. and clips 73° W. in graywacke. Faint secondary banding parallel to the walls shows in places. This vein is stripped to an elevation of 400 feet. A few hundred feet northeast of this vein is a. second vein, 10 to 14 inches wide, striking N. 20° W. and dipping 67° W. in a graywacke country rock. Secondary ba.nding parallel to the walls shows in places. The walls are free. The lowest showing on the property is at a.n elevation of 110 feet. This vein cots a. massive graywacke ledge and e. vertical granite dike 6 feet in width. A large granitic mass is intrusive into the gra.ywa.cke a.bout 100 feet ea.st of ~he vein. The width of the vein varies from 2 to 8 inches. The strike is N. 15°-40° W. and the dip is 77° E. to vertica.l. The ore contains galena, gold, arsenopyrite1 a.nd sphalerite. Pro8ped of J. W. Reikr and M. J. Olson.-The prospect located by J. W. Reiter and M. J. Olson on Point Doran about August 27; 1913, was not visited. The information regarding this property was obtained from J. W. Reiter. The vein is located within 500 f eet of the tip of the point. The quartz ledge ranges in width from 8 inches to 3 feet and is reported to be traceable about 200 feet. The same partners own two claims farther up Harriman Fiord, on which there are said to be six. parallel veins in gra.ywa.cke. These veins show from 8 to 30 inche.: of quartz. Stibnite occurs in one of the veins and cha.Icopyrite and galena in another. Sweepstake Mining Oo.-The property of the Sweepstake Mining Co., on Harriman Fiord, is above timber line on the south side of the fiord, near its head, at a.n elevation of about 600 feet. The vein, known aa the Imp, is se.id to have been discovered in July, 1912, by Chris Pedersen and Ole Hanson. Development work began in

THE PORT WELLS GOLD-LODE DISTRICT. November, 1912, and ceased in February, 1913. In August, 1913, the development~ consisted of a 150-foot tunnel and somt} stripping along the vein. - The country rock comprises interbedded slates and graywackes, thin bedded in places, in others principally gray­ wacke, cut by numerous acidic dikes 6 to 48 inches thick. The vein fissure crosses one of these dikes at the mouth of the tunnel. The vein is well exposed for about 150 feet. It strikes east and dips 85° N. at its upper end, and strikes S. 84° W. and has a vertical dip at the lowest exposure. The width varies from 1 to 5 feet. The upper or east half of the outcrop average'3 3 feet in width; the re­ mainder of the vein ranges in width from 10 to 18 inches. The walls are free in some places and frozen in others. No gouge is visible. The quartz vein filling appears to stop at the dike, and irregular bunches and stringers of quartz cement the shattered dike. The narrower parts of the vein are the moro mineralized. Secondary banding parallel to the walls is also prominent in the narrow part of the vein. Gold, arsenopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalco­ pyrite, stibnite, calcite, and quartz were observed in specimens· taken from the outcrop and obtained from the tunnel dump. Prospect of White & Jones.-The Skypilot ledge, located by Frank White and Harold Jones in September, 1912, is on the north side of Harriman Glacier, about 600 feet abov& sea level. This pros­ pect was not visited, the information given regarding it having been furnished by Frank White. The country rock is conglomerate and slate. The vein is reported to be traceable 450 to 500 fee~ and to range in width from 2 feet at the lower end to 5 fe~t at tha upper. Gouge occurs on both walls. The vein is said to strike northwest and to have a vertical dip. The ore pans free gold and is said to assay well. PORT WELLS. HARRISON l.AGOON (HARRIS SLOUGH). O"l8en & Viette daims.-Tb.e Dominick ledge is about 2 miles from Port Wells, at an elevation of 1,300 feet, on the north side of a cirque at the head of a creek draining into Harrison Lagoon. The lead is above timber line. It was located in September, 19127 by Hogan Olsen and Dominick Vrette. The developments in the fall of 1913 consisted of a short crosscut tunnel, some stripping, and a trail to the shore. Eight men were at work on the prope,rty at that time. The country rock consists of argillites and graywackes intruded by a large dike or boss of medium-grained light-gray igneous rock. The ore deposit lies in a well-defined fissure, 3 to 4! feet wide, with a strike of S. 30° W. and a dip ranging from 80° E. to vertical. This fi.'38'u.re is reported to be traceable about 2,000 feet. The shear zon& carries considerable waste material and at no place is the fi'38ure

Ml.NEJUL RESOURCES OF ·-A;LASKA, lfil.3, filling known to be all quartz. A maximum of .2 feet of quartz is reported. The shattered fissure filling is :in places silici:fied a.nd cemented by the quartz. Gouge occurs on both walls, ranging .from thin sea.ms to layers 4 inches thick. =Qua..rtz, calcite, pyrite, sphal­ erite, gold, and cb.alcopyrite occur in the ore. The gold is all :fine. SHORB BBTWB:SN HARRIBON .LAGOON AND HOBO BAY. Granite Gol,d Mining Oo.-The property of the Granite Gold Mining Co., better known locally as the Ta.tum property, is on the west side of Port Wells on a.n eastward-facing timbered slope bordering a. small bight in the cQa.st between Hobo Bay and Harrison Lagoon. The original discovery, at a.n elevation of about 580 feet, is on the end line between the Port Wells No. 1 and the Port Wells No. 2 claims. A trail extends from the shore to the workings. The vein was discovered July 19, 1912, by M. L. Tatum and Jonathan Erving, and a she.ft was sunk on the vein. .About 5 tons of ore taken from the sha.f t are said to have been shipped in Decem­ ber, 1912. The developments .August 22, 1913, included a 30-foot incline shaft, a 170-foot crosscut tunnel with 2 drifts on the vein, 75 and 60 feet long, 150 feet from the ,mouth of the tunnel; suma.ce stripping; and a log cabin. The Granite Gold Mining Co. was incor­ pointed later, additional underground development work was done, and a mill was erected during the winter of 1913-14. The country rock consists of interbedded slate.a, gra.ywackos, a.nd blue-black argillitcs cut by large masses of considerably altered medium-grained.light-gray to greenish-gray granite. The ore deposit occupies a :fissure striking S. 75° W. and dipping 60° N. in the shaft and striking N. 50°-72° W. a.nd dipping 43°-55° N. in the tunnel a.nd drifts. The width of the :fissure varies from 3 inches to 3 feet and greater widths are reported in recent developments. The lead is traceable on the surfaces about 150 feet. The wells are free, gouge showing on both walls in the upper part of the sha.f t. The walls in the shaft are slate and graywacko. In the tunnel .and the .drifts the hanging wall isgranite. The :fissure filling is shattered graywacke, quartz veins or a quartz network cementing the shattered gray­ wacke and inclosing the angular graywacke fragments in a network of porous white crystalline quartz. The gangue minerals include quartz, calcite, and a brownish­ weathering carbonate. The quartz is open textured, like a mass of interlocking crystals. The metallic· ore minerals are gold, pyrite, sphalerite, stibnite, galena, arsenopyrite, and chalcopyrite. High assays are reported from some oi this ore. BODO DAY. Rud, Gauthier & Oooper prospect.- The prospect of ·F. W. Reed, Burt Gauthier, and H.B. Cooper is on the south shore of Hobo Bay

THE PORT WELLS GOLD-LODE DISTB.IOT. 2Sl near its head. It was located in June, 1912, by the present owners. The development.a in September, 1913, included a 160-foot crosscut tunnel at an elevation of about 40 feet, a. shallow shaft on the lead about 60 feet above the tunnel, open cuts, stripping, a 25-foot adit tunnel-on. t.he shore, a. 30-foot winze in this tunnel, and a log cabin. The country rock consists of interbedded black slate and dark­ gray graywackes. The ore body occupies a fissure, which has been stripped at intervals for 800 or 900 feet. The :fissure strikes between S. 30° W. a.nd S. 60° W. and dips about 70° N. It ranges in width from 30 to 36 inches. The :fissure filling is crushed slate and gray­ wacke wjth quartz stringers and lenses. Tho proportion of quartz v&riee in different places in the fissure. The width of the quartz lenses ranges from 3 to 14 inches. One 8-inch lens was traceable 25 feet. Quartz, calcite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, spba.lerite, and pyrit.e· occur in the ore, wbich is also reported to assay well in gold. B:&'ITLB8 liT. Yakima lMge.- The Yakima. ledge 1.s on the north shore of Bottles B&year it.a head. I t was located June 12, 1912, by Joshua Brereton, Teunes Oome, and Ben Howell. The developments include a 25-foot tunnel and some stripping. The country roek is graywaeke and slate. The tunnel is driven along a vein striking N. 12° E. and dipping 80° W. This vein has been tr~ed 60 feet. The width of the fissure ranges from 10 to 31 inches and the width of the contained quartz ranges :Crom 10 to 31 inches also, although in places there is as much as 15 inches of crushed slate fissure filling. Secondary banding par­ allel to tho walls is evident in places. The walls are :Cree and tho hanging wa.U in places shows heavy gouge. The ore contains quartz, calcite, gold, pyrite, spho.lerite, arsenopyrite, galena, cha.lcopyritc, and pyrrhotito. Hermann ch Eatqn prospect.-The Hermann & Eaton prospect is on Eaton Creek about o. mile northwest of the head of Bettles Bay. This property, known ns the Minernl King group, is said to have been located by George H. Hormann Juno 4, 1912. The developments include an incline shaft, reported to bo 117 feet deep, a 65-foot drift on the vein at the bottom of the shaft, some str.ipping on the lead, a shait house coveting hoisting engine, pump, and boiler, and a trail from the shore to the property. The country rock is fine-grained dark-gray graywacke and argillite. A large dike is reported to cut these metamorphic rocks a.bout 100 feet from the vein. The ore deposit occupies a fissure and is traceable a.bout 200 feet. The fissure strikes N. 26° W. and dips 45° E. at the surface and 50° E. ln t.he lower part of the shaft. The width of the fissure filling is from 2 to 6 feet and averages about 3 feet. The pro­ portion of quartz to tthattered graywacke in the filling varies. The

MlNEBAL RESOUBOES OF ALASKA, 1913, fissure is exposed in the stereo.m 75 feet west of the shaft, where its filling is about 6 feet wide a.nd consists mostly of quartz but includes some graywacke. Twenty-five feet below the collar of the ehaft 13 inches of quartz occurred in a 39-.in.ch :fissure. At 60 feet the :fissure was 23 inches wide, 19 inches of which was quartz. The quartz veins parallel the walls and there a.re very few cross fractures. Large lenses of quartz, 15 to 25 feet long, overlap, pinch out, or play out into string3rs which in places unite with similar stringers from other lenses to form veins, or the stringers themselves widen until they arc several inches across. The banging wall of the :fissure shows no gouge and most of the quartz veins break free from the gre.ywacke with no gouge. The ore contains quartz, calcite, spha.l­ er~te, pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, gold, pyrrhotite, and arsenopyrite. Ge-0rge &i McFarland prospect.- The prospect of Harry George and J. W. McFarland is on the south shore of Bettles Bay near its head. It was located September 301 1911. The development work includes a 45-foot tunnel, a winze reported to be 40 feet deep in the tunnel, some stripping, and a cabin. The country rocks are slate.s and graywackes, which a.re intruded by acidic dikes. The lead has been traced about 50 feet. The tunnel is driven S. 26° E. a.long a fissure dipping 70° N. A narrow acidic dike is out by this :fissure at the winze. At the mouth of the tunnel are two sets of quartz... bea.ring :fissures. The width of the quartz varies from 1 to 12 inches, and the stringers are short. The ore contains quartz, gold, pyrite, and galena. BU)[M:ER BAY. Prospect. of Everson, Harris &i Parker.-Tho Hummer vein is about three-fourths of a mile northwest of the head of Hummer Bay on the south side of the valley, at an elevation of 400 feet. It was discovered June 101 19121 and located Juno 151 19121 by C. W. Everson, Fred Harris, and A. Parker. The developments include a 40-foot tunnel with a 15-foot approach, a winze of unknown depth in this tunnel, and some stripping. The country rock consists of slates, argillites, and ·graywackes. The ore deposit consists of numerous irregular quartz stringers in folded, faulted, and sheared slates, argillites, and graywackes. A width of about 10 feet of this stringer lode is exposed. The general strike is from S. W. to S. 40° W., and the dip is 60° W. The quartz stringers arc in general parallel to ea.ch other and to the strike of the lode. These stringers r ange in thickness from 1 to 12 inches. The longest stringer is traceable about 60 feet, its width varying from 3 to 12 inches. The winze is sunk on this stringer. Some of the stringers break free; others ho.ve frozen walls. Th~ mineralization appears slight. Quartz, a. cream­ colored, brown-weathering carbonate, galena, pyrite, and cha.lcopyrite we1·e recognized in the ore.

THB POBT WELLS GOLD-LODE DISTRICT. PIOOT BAY, Wutburg &; D<>menu pro8pect.-The Tomboy ledge of Isaac Westburg and Joseph Domenzet was not visited. The following in­ formation regarding it was furnished byJosephDomenzet. The vein is at an elevation of nbout 2,500 feet on the ridge north of Pigot Bay. · It is about 3 miles from Port Walls. The trail to the prospect leaves the head of a small bay between Hummer and Pigot bays. The vein was located July 24, 1912. The developments consist of a 16­ foot tunnel and some stripping. The vein h!l.S been traced about 250 feet and ranges in width from I to 28 inches. About 100 feet of the vein will average 22 inches in width. A specimen of the ore furnished by Joseph Domenzet contained quartz, gold, galena, and limonite. Dunk'lte &; Rei"flAJ pro8pect.-The Black Bear a.nd Yellow Horse claims of E . A. Dunklee and J. J . Reilly are on the north side of the Pigot Glacier stream valley, a mile or more northeast of the head of Pigot Bay, at an elevation of about 700 feet. These claims were located July 7, 1913. The developments comprise a 5-foot tunnel with a long approach, some stripping, and a trail to the head of Pigot Bay. The country rock is argillite cut by acidic dikes. The vein lies in a small well-defined :fissure, which cuts the argillites and a 9-foot dike. The :fissure strikes S. 63° W. and dips 60° N. It is traceable for about 250 feet. The avorago width is probably less than 6 inches, but the vein shows from 1 to 24 inches of quartz in different places. The walls are free and in one place 3 inches of gouge was observed. Secondary banding parallel to the walls is evident in places. The ore contains quartz, calcite, cbalcopyrite, gold, pyrrhotite, galena, arsenopyrlto, and sphnlorito. PAS&AOB 0 .6.Jr.t.L. The prospects on Passage Canal were not visited, but some inform&­ tion regarding them was obtained from prospectors who had seen them. Tbey are all on tho north side of the :fiord and according to the descriptions include gold-quartz veins, stringer lodes, and a. mineralized acidic dike. The rocks on the north side of the Portage Glacier Pass are in places slightly mineralized. Bull.ion kdg~.-Tbe Bullion ledge is near the east side of the foot of Billings Glacier and is about three-fourths of e. mile from shore. The informa.tion regarding this property was furnished by Teening Carlson. The lode was located in 1911 by Albert Nordstrom, Teen­ ing Carlson, and George Furman. I t is of low grade and is apparently a. stringer lode in slate. Tho mineralized zone is reported to be a belt of slate 3,000 feet long and J,200 feet wide, with numerous quartz strange:fS 1 to 18 inches wide from 1 to 10 feet apart in the slate. Fino free gold is reported in the ore.

Hillside vein.-The following information regarding the Hillside vein was furnished by John P. Hansen, who with JaJll6S· Young located the property August 28, 191-3. The vein. is at a.n elevation of about 1,000 feet near the head of a wester.ly tributai:y. of the Bil­ lings Glacier stream. The vein is said to be 30 feet in length and 3 feet in width in the 'widest place. A specimen of the ore furnish~ by Mr. Hansen contained quartz, gold~ pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, spbalerite, and galena. Prospect, of Ernest King.-:-According to.information furnished by Ernest King, who discovered this vein.Augµst 23, 1913, it is on the north side of Passage Canal a. quarter of a. mile from the head of the bay, a.t an elevation of 700 feet. It ia ·100 feet in length a.nd has a maximum width of 1 foot. The walls are said to be free. Oollim, Fish &l Barry prosper A miner.alized dike near the east side of the foot of Billings Glacier was located·in Augµst, 1912, by Philip Collins, G. Q;. Fish, and· George M. B8.ITY· The country rock is slate and graywacke. The ore body is reported to be a minera.liked dike l! to 5 feet in width, which is traooable several thousand feet. The seams of quartz, which occur in fractures in the dike, vary greatly in thickness, the widest meM'lllling 8 inches. The ore is said to pan well. It contains quartz, calcite, a br-0wn­ wea.thering carbonate, arsenop~te, and gl!-len&. The dike is·greatly altered. · ESTBER ISLABD. Kawm.a11tgh & Boon prowpeot.-The prospect of H. C. Kav:ana.ugh and Auguat Boon is on the west side··of.Esther Isla.ndr a.. shor.t distance south of a large 'bay. J.t WtlS'low..\00 Septiember 12, 1911. The only development consists of a 5-foot tunnel rut Bn· elevation of. 315 feet. A shipment of ore is reported to have been ma.de from this property. The ore deposit lies within the contact zone of the Esther granite. The ore body e-x-amined was a. shatteood gra.,.w~ bed·e:emented by irregular bunches and st1ingers of :fine-grain-ed dense· quar-tz, which is tightly frozen to the gra.ywaclre. The ·ore body exposed &t the tunnel is about 20 feet long and 6 feet wide. The strike i&south­ west; the dip is vertical: A narrow ill~defined z-one·of 'bluish qua~, I to 4 inches wide; along the west wall carries considerable free gold. Theore contains quartz, chlorite, gold, pyrrhotite, galena}.chalcopyrite, and pyrite. Prospect of Fiih, OollirruJ & Stewart.- Tbe prospect of G. Q. Fish, Philip Collins, and E. D. Stewart is on the southwest part of Esther Island, at an elevation of 800 feet, about a mile fr.om the shOtle. It was located in September, 1912. The underground d-evelopment work consists of a 40-foot adit tunnel The ore deposit lies within the contact zone of the Esther granite·and the country rock consists of contact-metamorphosed argillites and graywacke. The ore body

THE PORT WEU..S OOLI>-LODE DISTRICT. lies in a. fissure striking N. 7°-22° E. a.nd dipping 85° W. to vertical. It is tra.oea.ble about 100 feet and ranges in width from 44 to 56 inches. 'Ilhe walls a.re well defined, gouge appearing on both walls. In the twmel little quartz shows in the fissure except a. vein 1 to 4 ~ehes wide, which lioo a.long the hanging wall, but 2 feet of quartz is repor.ted fa -0ne of the surface showings. The ore consists of :fine-grained blnish~white quartz gold, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. UGI.XX DAY. - ElilAJrado ledge.-The ·Eldorado ledge is on the south shore of i. small bay on the west side of=Eaglek Bay. The lowest outcrop is at an elevation of 600 feet. The vein was located in June, 1913, by ~ank 'White -and .Chris Pedersen. The country rock is slate and graywacke. The ore deposit lies in a fissure l2 to 48 inchea wide, which forms a pronounced gulch in the mountain side. This :fissure strikes app.roximately S. 40° W. and dips 75° N. and outcrops for 400 feet. The banging wall is massive graywacke. The fissure ·filling is sheared and sh~ttered .slates and graywacke with quartz stringers and lenses. The 6mount of quartz in the fissure filling ·varies. A maximum ·Width of 2t feet of quartz is reported. A.t some places -the fissure contains llO qual'tz. The ore has a bluish-gray appearance. As.says on the fissure filling are said to show S4 to $5 in gold; assays on the quartz are r.epor.ted up to $100. Specimens of this ore were a&1a.yedior platinumior the Geological Survey with'nege.tive results. The minerals in 'the ore include quartz, calcite, gold, arsenopyrite, · pyrrhotite, and pyrite. CtTLll088 ISLAJrD. Thomas-Oulross Mining Oo.1- The property of the Thomas-Culross Mining Co. is on the south side of Thomas Bay (Eagle Harbor), about 1,500 feet from the shore. The lead was discovered and located in 1907 by Albert Nord.Strom, Teening Carlson, Ludwig Christiansen, and two others, but was not held by them. On Oc~ber 2, 19101 the ground wa.S relocated as the Bugaboo No. 1 and Bugaboo No. 2 claims by Ludwig Christiansen, N. L. Thomas, and M. G. Thomas. The developments on the propertyinclude a.140-foot crosscut tunnel at an elevation of 230 feet, two shallow prospect shafts on the vein, some trenching, and a frame bunkhouse erected at the bay shore. Five tons of ore is said to have been shipped to Tacoma. from this property. Thelead so far as traced is all in greens tone. Slates and graywackes show in a stream bed about 50 feet north of the tunnel mouth, and everything north of that point appears to consist of slates with sandy phases and a few beds of graywacke. Tho greenstone-sla.te contact is not visible. Considerable lllformation regarding Ulla p roperty waa furnished by W. L. Taylor.

MINERAL RESOURCES OF ALASKA, 1913, The ore body lies in a fissure in greenstone. This fissure is traceable 800 to 900 feet and is 36 inches wide. It strikes about S. 10° W. and has a vertical clip. Stringers and lenses of quartz occur in the sheared greenstone fissure filling. When the shear zone was cut in the tunnel only a few stringers of quartz, 1 to 3 inches wide, were found in the fissure. At one point on the outcrop of the lead, however, a quartz lens 4 to 14 inches wide has been stripped for 20 feet. Some of the quartz shows secondary banding parallel to the walls of tbe fissure. 'l'he country rock is impregnated in places with arsenopyrite crystals. 'l'he ore contains quartz, calcite, chlorite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, gold, chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. Prospect ofJohn Sells.-The Culros,s No. 1 claim is on the south side of a small bay, on the west side of Cub;:oss Island, at an elevation of 725 feet. It is about a mile west of the property of the Thomas-Culross Mining Co. · It was located October 5, 1911, by W. B. Harris, and relocated January 1, 1913, by John Sel~s. ~he country rock is schistose sandy slates, the schistosity, of which t/fries S. 30° W. and dips 80° W. The ore body consists of closely gi'ouped quartz lenses and stringers, paralleling the schistosity of the c<;mntry rock in strike and dip. Irregular stringers and bunches of quartz also occur in the slates. The widths of the quartz lenses range from 4 to 59 inches and the maximum length exposed of any lens o'r:':stringer is about 15 feet. The quartz-veined area is about 200 feet in, length and has an apparent width of at least 15 feet. Pyrite was .the only sulphide recognized in the ore.

MINING ON PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND. By B. L. JOHN:SON. GOLD MINING. WORK OF THE YEAR. Interest in the gold-mining developments on Prince. William Sound in 1913 centered in the Valdez, Tiekel, and Port Wells districts. Considerable development work was in progress and some prospecting was being carried on in these districts in spite of the fact that the placer strike on the Chisana. caused a. rush of ma.ny of the local prospectors to that district during the summer. In the fa.ll there was a rQ.Sh to the Nelchina placers. The mining developments in the Port Wells district up to and including 1913 are reported elsewhere in this bulletin. In the Tiekel district considerable development is reported on ·gold-quartz prospects on Hurtle, Glorious Fourth, Boulder and Fall creeks. Gold-quartz prospects have been located at different times on. the Prince William Sound shore of Kenai Peninsula, on Blue Fiord, McClure Bay, Jackpot Bay, and Kings .Bay. In 1913 some pr98pecting was in progress, but no active development is known ro have been carried on. Gold-bearing gravels are reported on Nellie.Juan River. VALDEZ DISTRICT. In the Valdez district the Cliff mine was in 19131 as heretofore, the most important producer. The mill, with 6 Nissen stamps, was operated, except for short stops of some of the stamps, throughout the year. About 45 men were employed at the property. Three sbif ts were worked in the mill and two shifts in the mine .. The underground developments are now said to total at least 8,000 feet. Development work was carried forward on the 500-foot level until it was stopped by water, and the pumps were then pulled out and the water was allowed to rise within a few feet of the 300-foot level. In the fall of 1913 mining and development work was in progress on the 100, 200, and 300 foot levels and in the stopes between these levels. The Gold King, which is about 7 miles from tidewater on Shoup Bay, at an elevation of about 3,800 feet on a nunatak in the Columbia Glacier, made contributions to the gold production of the district in 1913. A 3t-foot Huntington mill, run by gasoline engines, was

MINERAL RESOUECES OP ALASKA, 1913. erected during the spring &nd ·summer 1913. Milling started August 13, 1913, a.nd it is said that between 200 and 300 tons of ore had been milled before the close of the season. Between 25 and 36 men were employed by the company at different times. The underground development work consists of the No. 1 tunnel, with 500 feet of drifts and tunnels, a. 60-foot winze, and 90 to 100 feet of drifts from the bottom of the winze; the No. 2 crosscut tunnel, 400 feet in length; the No. 3 crosscut tunnel, 45 feet in length, with 100 feet of drifts, and some open cuts a.nd stripping. A 110-foot raise is reported to have been put in later. The total a.mount of underground workings is about 1,150 feet of drifts and tunnels, a 60-foot winze, and a 110-foot raise. Severa.I buildings have been erected at the mine and a midway house has been built on the Shoup Glacier. A telephone line connects the mine with the buildings on Shoup Bay. The Cruneron-Johnson Gold Mining Co., on Shoup Bay, installed a 0..strung mill a.nd concentrator. Power is furnished by a Pelton water wheel. The mill is said to have started late in July, 1913, and to have stopped about October 1, 1913. Nearly 200 tons of ore is reported to have been milled. An average of 30 men were employed on the property during the working season. A temporary tram was erected between the mine and mill; it was later dismantled. Nino tiJ.nnels, from 25 to 217 feet in length, a.re reported, the total work comprising a.bout 1,000 feet of tunnels and 76 feet of raises. Mining was in progress until the middle of September, 1913. A small 1-stamp mill was run on ore from the Minnie claim, and a.bout 4 tons of ore is said to have been milled. Two men were at work on the property during the summer of 1913. The total developments comprise 35, 20, 15, and 5 foot tunnels and a small cabin. On the Olson claims, on Shoup Glacier, one man was at work for a part of the season. The developments in 1913 included a 30-foot tunnel, a 130-foot tunnel, a 7-foot shaft, and some stripping and open cuts. On the Rambler claims 4 men are said to have driven 63 feet of tunnel, making the total length of the Rambler Tunnel 230 feet. It is also reported th;at an 18 and n. 20 foot shaft were constructed. An a.dit tunnel 130 feet long i.s said to have been driven on the Benc&-McDonald claims in 1912, but only assessment work was done in 1913. Two men are reported to have driven two short tunnels, 20 and 32 feet in length, on c1aims adjoining the Minn.io and Bence--McDona.ld claims. A 32·-foot tunnel is reported to have been driven in 1913 on a claim situated between the Minnie and Ca.meron-Johnson claims. At the Alice Mines (Ltd.), on Shoup Bay, development work was stopped early in February. Fifteen men wero employed until February 11, 1913. The underground developments are said to comprise

MINING ON PRINCE. WILLIAM SOUND. a tunnel, a 100-foot shaft, 100 feet of drifts along the lead at the bottom of the shaft, and a raise to the surf ace from the tunnel level above the shaft. Four men were employed by the Thompson-Ford Mining Co. in Uno Basin during the first half of the year and one man for the remainder of the season. The underground development work in the fall of 1913 induded a lower tunnel, 325 feet long, with 2 drifts, 75 and 25 feet in length; a 150-foot raise from the lower tunnel to the surface; a 20-foot shaft and a 15-f oot drift from its bottom to the raise; and about 100 feet of drifts on a level 60 feet below the mouth of the raise. About 50 feet of underground work by 2 men is said to have been performed on the Guthrie & Belloli property in Uno Basin. The total underground development on this property now consists of a tunnel about 150 feet in length. The Sea Coast :Mining Co., on Shoup Bay, employed an average of 12 men during the summer of 1913. The total underground work in October, 1913, comprised two tmmels, 50 and 238 feet in length, open cuts, and stripping. A large frame building has been erected at the shore, and e. small building on the trail to the mine. Assessment work was done in 1913 on the Bluebir.d group, near the mouth of Shoup Bay, and the total developments now comprise 115 feet of crosscut tunnel, considerable stripping, a trail to property, and three buildings on the beach. Development work was in progress during the year at the Sealey-Davis property, on Shoup Bay, where two men were at work. Three men were engaged in development work on the Three-in-One property, near the mouth of Gold Creek, in On Mineral Creek a 2-stamp mill is said to have been erected on the property of the Mountain King Mining Co. A crew of 15 to 18 men is said to have been employed and considerable development work done. Three tunnels, 50, 130, and 450 feet in length, are reported. Four men were also at work during the sun;uner on the Little Giant group, and two to four men were engaged in assessment and development work on the Millionaire, Hercules, Big Four, Blue Ribbon, Olson & Woods, Willia.ms--Oentzler, Valdez Bonanza, and other claims on this creek. ·

The Valdez Mining Co., on Valdez Glacier, in 1913, drove about 100 feet additional in its crosscut tunnel, making the total length of the tunnel a.bout 230 feet. The developments on the RamsayRutb.erford property in October, 1913, are reported to have included a 130-foot shaft and between 400 and 500 feet of tunnels and drifts.

MINERAL RESOURCES OF ALASKA1 1913. COPPER MINING. CONDITIONS DURING THE YEAR. Comparatively little attention was paid to copper prospecting or. mining in 1913 in the Prince William Sound region outside of the developed and partly developed properties, The Ellamar and BeatsonBonanza mines made regular shipments, as in former years, and the Fidalgo Mining Co. joined the ranks of the producers. Large forces of men were maintained at Ellamar and Latouche throughout the year1 and a large force was employed at the Midas property during the spring. Eight men were employed continuously at the Fidalgo Mining Co.'s property and several men were engaged in development work by the Fidalgo-Alaska Copper, Co. in the spring and fall. Two to four men were engaged in development an,d work1 either continuously or for short periods, on; other Pfinc.e William Sound copper prospects. An important event of the year ip. the history of copper mining in this region was the entr!\l'nce of tell_Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting & Power Co. (Ltd'.) into the (l;'rince William Sound region through the purchase of the Midas coppe~1 property on Solomon Gulch in the Port Valdez district .. VALDEZ DIS'I'RIO',l'. The Midas property on Solomon Gulch, '4~ miles from Valdez Bay, was bonded in the fall of 1912 to the Alaska Developmen.t & Mineral Co .. The developments on the property at that time are said to have comprised about 400 feet of underground work. Development Work Was actively carried on by this company during the winter of 1912-13 and the spring of 1913. Twenty-five men are reported to have been at work on the property in March, 1913. In the later part of June, 1913, when this company gave up its option on the Midas, the underground development work is said to have amounted to more than 1,500 feet of tunnels, drifts, and raises. The prineipal developments consisted of two adit tunnels, each several hundred feet in le_ngth, with a vertical interval between them of feet, and three raises, two of which connect the two levels. No work was in progress in the summer of 1913. In the fall the property was bought by the Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting & Power Co. (Ltd.), which began preparations for extensive development of the ore body. ELLAMAR DISTRICT. The earlier development work at the Ellamar mine was confined to the removal of a rich copper shoot. In recent years other parts of the ore deposit have yielded pay ore, containing gold as well as copper, and at present the entire sulphide deposit is being mined as ore. In 1913 the 400-foot level was unwatered and development

MINING ON PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND. work was confined to the 200, 300, and 400 foot levels a.nd the stopes between these levels. The method of mining was changed during the summer, the filling system being than adapted. A new air compressor, installed in the spring of J 913, furnishes air for a.ll undergroand work. A large 28-room bunkhouse with accommodations for 56 men wa.s completed, a small wireless plant wa.s installed, and a skipwe.y was erected at the end of the wharf for loading the ote dirootly on boa.rd steamers. An averago of 40 men worked on the property through the year. Steps were also ta.ken in HHS to increa.se the output of this mine. No ore shipments were mo.do in 1913 from the property of the Threeme.n Mining Co. on Landlocked Bay, but underground development work was in progress on the A. 0. Co., Montezuma., and Keystone claims. Ten men are said to have been employed early in the spring, but this force was later reduced to 4 men. The :field work of 1912-13 ha.s demonstrated tho presence in ore from the Keystone ciaim of a copper-iron sulphido, contruning about 16 per cent copper, in intimate association with the chalcopyrite. The relative proportions of the two sulphides in this oro a.re not known. The Le.ndlock Bay Copper :Mining Co. is reported to have bad 2 or 3 men engaged in underground development work during a. part of the year. Assessment work only wa.s done on other properties in the Ellamar district. POB.T PIDA.LGO. Descriptions of the throe copper mines on the south aide of Port Fidalgo-the properties of the Fidalgo Mining Co., the FidalgoAlaske. Copper Co., and tho Dickey Coppor Co.- are included in a fox th.coming report on the Ellamar d.i3trict. Their history and development e.re summarized briefly here. The property of the Fidalgo Mining Co. was discovered in 1905 by T. W. Blakney and H . H. Herren. The Ficialgo Mining Co. wa.s incorporated about e. year later. During the summer of 1907 the p1esent lower tunnel was driven about 400 feet. In October, 1912, the developments consisted of about 600 feet of underground work. The mine was operated continuously in 1913 with an average crew of 8 men, working one shift each day. The main underground developments at present include a lower adit tunnel 450 feet in length at an elevation of about 850 feet, an upper tunnel 240 feet long, 100 feet above the lower tunnel, e. raise connecting thoso two tunnels, e.nd stopes between the two levels. A 65-foot ra.isa connecting the upper tunnel with the surface is reported to bo.ve been put through late in the fall of 1913. A 2,000-foot two-bucket aerial tram was completed early in 1913. The surface improvements on the propePty include trails, who.rf, ore bunkers at the land,wo.rd end of the wharf, aerial tram connecting 60553°- Dull. 592- 14-16

MINERAL RESOURCES OF ALASKA, 1913. the lower bunkers with ore bunkers and sorting house a.t the upper terminal of the tram, log eating and sleeping quarters at an elevation of 8~5 feet, log blacksmith shop and log gasoline engine shed a.t the mouth of the lower tunnel, and a log ca.bin and shake shed on shore 1,000 feet east of the wharf. A 900-foot surface tram connects the mouth of the lower tunnel with. the upper terminal of the aerial tram. The upper ore bunkers a.re reported to hold about 50 tons. The lower ore bunkers are of logs and have a reported capacity of. about 500 tons of ore. The first shipment of ore from this property was made in February, 1913, to the Tacoma smelter. Several other shipments were made later in the year. The property of the Fidalgo-Alaaka. Copper Co., better known loco.Uy as the Schlosser property, is said to have been discovered in June, 1907, by .Charles Schlosser. The Fidalgo-Alaska Copper Co. was then formed and development work wns started in the fall of 1907. Considerable underground work has since been done. A small crew of men were at work on the property in the spring of 1913. The prop-. erty was idle during the summer, but development work was again started in the fall a.nd a shipment of ore is said to have been ma.de to the Ta.coma smelter later in the year. Several hundred tons of ore a.re reported to have been shipped in previous years. The underground workings in July, 1913, comprised the lower tunnel, at a.n elevation of a.bout 800 feet, with 550 feet of crosscuts and drifts, two stopes, and a raise a forked tunnel at 950 feet elevation, the tunnel forking at the mouth into two branches 75 and 600 feet in length, with a. raise in the long branch; a short tunnel at a.n elevation of 1,005 feet forking 45 feet from the mouth into two bro.nchos 10 and 15 feet long; two shallow shafts, at an elevation of 1,060 feet, one o! which extends down into the west branch of the upper forked' tunnel; three other short tunnels, a shallow sha.f t, open cuts, and stripping. The surf ate improvements included trail, wharf,. ore bunkers at wharf, frame building close to ore bunkers, an aerial tram, reported to be 2,800 feet long from the wharf to the mine, and several log buildings at the mine. A. portion of the wharf was washed away during the summer of 1913. The prospect of the Dickey Copper Co., known locaUy as the Mason & Gleason claims, was discovered by George Ma.son and Mark Glonr son in July, 1907. A.bout 50 feet of underground work had been done when the property was bonded in 1910 to W. A. Dickey, who later bought it. Some development work was done in 1911 and 1912. In the spring of 1913, with 4 men at work on the property, the trail was constructed, ore bunkers were built, 110 feet of tunnel and 70 feet of d.rif t were driven, and a.bout 600 tons of ore were mined. Operations were discontinued July 1, 1913. No ore shipments had been ma.de to that date. The underground developments in July,

MINING ON PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND. 1913, included a lower tunnel with several hundred feet of drifts and crosscuts and a raise; an upper tunnel 125 feet long, with a 25-foot raise, and a stope 30 by 8 feet, extending from the tunnel to the surface; an intermediate tunnel 35 feet long between the upper and lower tunnels; a 30-foot winze connecting the upper a.nd intermediate levels; and a short crosscut tunnel on the outcrop of the lead. Surface improvements consisted of a. 2-mile trail to the shore of Irish Cove, a small shake warehouse on the shore, a log cabin a.t the mine workings, two log oro bunkers, with a. total capacity of about 800 tons, just below the mouth of the lower tunnel; two shake sheds at the mouth of the lowei: tunnel; and a log blacksmith shop o.nd a small log ore shed at the mouth of the upper tunnel. The ore mined, a.bout 600 tons, was, in July, 1913, stored in the ore bunkers. LATOUCHE AND XNIGHT ISLANDS. The Beatson Copper Co., on Latouche Island, was a regular shipper of copper ore in 1913 to the Ta.coma. smelter. An average of about 60 men were employed during the year, working two shifts of 8 hours ea.ch. A.t times during the summer this force is said to have decreased to about 40 men. Development work in 1913 consisted in drifting south in the ore zone on the main level, removing the overburden from the outcrop of the ore body, and mining the ore in the bluff pit by the glory hole method. The ore was tram.med from the main level to the sorting house, hand sorted, and stored in the ore bunkers. It was loaded on the steamers by an electric belt conveyor. Only assessment work is reported on Knight Island. UNAXWIX INLET, WELLS BAY, AND GLA.OIB:& ISLAND. Assessment w.ork was performed on copper prospects on Unakwik Inlet, Wells Bay, and Glacier Island. Some short tunneJs are reported on copper properties on Siwash Bay.