Safety rules for gold dredges
The phrase "place of employment" is defined in such a way that gold dredging operations are included within the pro visions of the act.
Overview
Safety rules for gold dredges is a 1918 historical mining reference by California. Industrial accident commission., preserved in the Mountain Man Mining research library, focused on gold dredging. The phrase "place of employment" is defined in such a way that gold dredging operations are included within the pro visions of the act.
This 1918 document, Safety rules for gold dredges, is preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library for research and reference. Original source: archive.org.
Safety Rules
for
Gold Dreds res
Issued by the
Industrial Accident Commission
of the
State of California
525 Market Street, San Francisco Union League Building, Los Angeles
Effective January 1, 1919
caJjIfornia state printing onricE
Safety Rules
for
Gold Dredg es
Issued by the
c Industrial Accident Commission
of the
State of California
525 Market Street, San Francisco Union League Building, Los Angeles
Effective January 1, 1919
j
California State Printing Office
Sacramento
Industrial Accident Commission Of The State Of California
525 Market Street, San Francisco
423 Union League Building, Los Angeles
A. J. PILLSBURY. Chairman. WILL J. FRENCH.
Meyer I.Issner.
Commissioners.
n. of P.
r ° 7
H. M. Wolflin, 5
tt,
Chief Mine Inspector, Industrial Accident Commission, and Mining Engineer, U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Safety Rules For Gold Dredges.
Preface.
Sections 51 to 72, inclusive, of the Workmen's Compensa tion, Insurance and Safety Act give the Industrial Accident Commission power to make and enforce safety orders, rules and regulations, to prescribe safety devices, to fix safety standards, and to order the reporting of accidents.
The phrase "place of employment" is defined in such a way that gold dredging operations are included within the pro visions of the act. It is stated that the terms "safe" and "safety" as applied to an employment or a place of employ ment shall mean such freedom from danger to the life or safety of employees as the nature of the employment will reasonably permit, and that the terms "safety device" and "safeguard" shall be given a broad interpretation so as to include any practicable method of mitigating or preventing a specific danger.
The Commission has power, after a hearing had upon its own motion or upon complaint, hy general or special orders, rules or regulations, or otherwise, "to fix such reasonable standards and to prescribe, modify, and enforce such reason able orders for the adoption, installation, use, maintenance and operation of safety devices, safeguards and other means or methods of protection, to be as nearly uniform as possible, as may be necessary to carry out all laws and lawful orders relative to the protection of the life and safety of employees in employments and places of employment."
The Commission, carrying out its plan of obtaining the best practical ideas to incorporate in its Safety Rules, requested
Safety Rules for Gold Dredges.
the following gentlemen, who represent various interests, to serve on a committee to draft Safety Rules for Gold Dredges:
Committee on Safety Rules for Gold Dredges.
E. L. Lowell (Secretary), Deputy Mine Inspector, Industrial Accident Commission.
L. D. Hopfield, Department Manager Natomas Company of California.
C. W. Gardner, Representing Hammon Engineering Company.
A. L. Wilde, District Representative International Brother hood of Steam Shovel and Dredge Men.
Carl Brown, Manager California Casualty Indemnity Ex change.
R. L Eltringham, Electrical Engineer, Industrial Accident Commission.
H. M.. Wolflin, Mining Engineer, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Chief Mine Inspector, Industrial Accident Commission.
Application.
These rules shall apply to all gold dredges operated in the State of California; provided, that in cases where, in the opinion of the Industrial Accident Commission, the enforce ment of any rule would not materially increase the safety of employees, and would work undue hardship. on the operator, exemptions may be made at the discretion of said Commission, but such exemptions must be in writing to be effective, and can be revoked after reasonable notice is given in writing. Air Pressure Tank Safety Orders, and Orders 1104, 1105, 1106 and 1107 of the General Construction Safety Orders pertaining to the control, storage and uses of explosives and fuse shall apply, where applicable to gold dredges.
Industrial Accident Commission.
General Safety And Welfare.
Rule 401. Designation for Service of Notices.
(a) Person on Whom Notices Are To Be Served Shall Be
Designated.
Every operator of any gold dredge within the provisions of these rules shall, within ninety (90) days after the rules approved by the Commission become effective, file or cause to be filed, in the office of the chief mine inspector of the Com mission a designation duly verified by such operator, appoint ing a person on whom all notices, warnings, or processes required to be served under the provisions of these rules, may be served, and giving the office, place of employment, or place of business of such person, which must be within the state.
(b) . Such Designation To Remain In Force Until Revoked.
Such designation shall continue in force until revoked by the death or removal of the person so designated, or until revoked by an instrument in writing designating in like manner some other person upon whom such notices or processes may be served, or until the filing in such office of a written revoca tion of said consent executed by the person so designated. If the person so designated dies, or files a revocation of his con sent, the operator shall designate, within thirty days thereafter, in like manner some other person upon whom such notices or processes may be served within this state.
(c) Service of Notices on Designated Person Deemed Service
on Operator.
Service of notices, warnings, or processes on such designated person shall, in all cases arising under these rules, be deemed service on the operator represented; provided further, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent thd said operator in person, or by its officers or agents, if said 2—39374
Safety Rules for Gold Dredges.
operator be a corporation, or any employee of such operator, from being so designated.
Rule 402. Reporting of Injuries.
Whenever a fatal injury occurs on or about any gold dredge, notice thereof shall be given promptly by telephone or telegraph if possible, to the chief mine inspector, by the super intendent or other person having immediate charge of the work at the time of the accident. Upon receiving such notice the chief mine inspector or a deputy shall, if feasible and if the nature of the injury shows it to be necessary, proceed to the scene of the injury as early as possible and investi gate fully the cause of the injury, and shall file the result of such investigation as a report in the office of the chief mine inspector. Whenever the chief mine inspector or a deputy can not proceed as above to the scene of the injury, the person in charge of the gold dredge shall be so informed, and such person in charge shall obtain signed statements, sworn to where practicable, of those who witnessed the injury, or if no one was present at the time of such injury he shall obtain the statements of those first arriving upon the scene. Such statements shall give, as far as possible, the details of the injury, the facts leading up to it, and its probable cause ; such statements shall immediately thereafter be sent to the Industrial Accident Commission, which shall file the same in its office. A transcript of the evidence given at the coroner's inquest may be sent in place of these statements, if the operator so desires.
Every personal injury occurring on or about a gold dredge shall be promptly reported to the man in charge of the dredge by the person injured, or, if such person shall be unable to do so by reason of the injury, then by some person acting in
Industrial Accident Commission.
behalf of the injured person; and such injury shall be promptly reported to the superintendent's office, where it shall be re corded. These records shall at all times be open to examina tion by the chief mine inspector or any deputy.
Where the injury disables through the day of injury, or requires skilled medical attention, a written report must be made to the Industrial Accident Commission on the blank form furnished by the Commission. This report must be forwarded within thirty-five (35) days from the date of injury.
Rule 403. Care of the Injured.
A telephone shall be installed on or near every gold dredge in order to provide quick communication with a physician. Arrangements shall be made so that in case of an injury requiring medical treatment the physician shall be brought to the injured man or the injured man to medical aid as quickly as possible.
It shall be the duty of operators, superintendents, or anyone in charge of any gold dredge or gold dredges to keep in the winch room or other approved location on each boat a stretcher, of a type approved by the Commission, a woolen blanket, a waterproof blanket, and such additional first aid materials as are designated in tables 1 and 2 or 1 and 3 which follows, in good condition for use in caring for any person who may be injured on or about the boat. Where satisfactory arrangements have been made for the prompt bringing of medical assistance to the injured man on the boat and there is more than one boat operated by the same company and the boats are operated in reasonably close proximity to each other, one stretcher of approved type centrally located and easily accessible to the attending physician may be supplied instead of the one stretcher on each boat, as above required.
Safety Rules for Gold Dredges.
Table 1. Miscellaneous.
1 blunt end eye dropper.*
1 U. S. army tourniquet.
1 small medicine glass.
1 pair blunt end scissors.
1 forceps suitable for extracting splinters, etc.
2 doz. applicators for iodine, ij doz. paper drinking cups.
1 teaspoon.
Preparations :
2 oz. tincture iodine i U. S. P.
2 oz. 2% solution of boric acid.*
2 oz. aromatic ammonia.
1 doz. ampoules 1 c.c. aromatic ammonia.
Table 2.
10 yds. 1 in. gauze roller bandage.
doz. triangular bandages.
1 doz. small size bandage compresses (1 in. sq., tails i yd. long, center of compress being sewed to tails ; folded upon itself about 20 times).
1 doz. medium size bandage compresses {2h in. sq., tails 1 yd. long ; center of bandage compress sewed to tails ; folded upon itself about 20 times).
1 doz. large size bandage compresses (3i in. sq., folded
upon itself 18 times, tails 2 yds. long, center of bandage compress being sewed to tails).
2 one yard pkgs. picric acid gauze. (An equivalent quantity
of gauze in smaller packages may be substituted for 1 one yard package.) i doz. splints of assorted lengths.
10 yds. 2 in. gauze roller bandage.
2-ounce antiseptic dropping bottle is suggested which is a com bination of glass bottle and eye dropper. The eye dropper and stopper are combined, thus permitting the eye dropper to remain in the solution when the stopper is in place.
Industrial Accident Commission.
Table 3.
10 yds. 1 in. gauze roller bandage, i doz. 1 in x 10 yds. gauze.
1 doz. 2 in. x 10 yds. gauze.
2 triangular bandages.
10 yds. 2 in. gauze roller bandage.
2 yds. plain gauze (6"x36"), handy-fold or equal.
Plain gauze 1 yd. — 2 packages.
doz. Z.O. adhesive plaster, % inch x 5 yds. e doz. Z.O. adhesive plaster, 1 in. x 5 yds.
8 oz. carron oil with 2% carbolic acid. This must be placed in four 2 oz. bottles sealed with paraffine or other suit able material. Tubes of solidified carron oil may be substituted for 2 oz. of the above liquid preparation. Substitutes for the above materials may be permitted by the Industrial Accident Commission on request.
The superintendent shall see that at least one man on each shift on each dredge is thoroughly trained in first aid. For the purposes of these rules, men shall be considered to be thoroughly trained when they are able to administer first aid treatment for shock, bleeding, burns, cuts, bruises, sprains, fractures, and dislocations; they shall be able to administer artificial respiration by the prone pressure (or Schaefer) method and understand the proper methods of transporting the injured.
Rule 404. Intoxicating Liquor.*
No employee shall, while under the influence of intoxicating liquor, go aboard a gold dredge, nor shall any employee carry intoxicating liquor aboard the same. It shall be the duty of the dredgemaster, or the man in charge, to enforce this rule
'Attention is called to the fact that an injured employee is not entitled to compensation where the injury is caused by the intoxication of the injured employee. — Workmen's Compensation Law, page 7, Sec. 6, par. 3.
Safety Rules for Gold Dredges.
Rule 405. Sanitary Requirements.
[An excerpt from the statutes and amendments of the codes of the State
An act to require employers of labor to furnish, without charge, pure drinking water to their employees during working hours. ( Approved May 24, 1915. In effect August 8, 1915.)
"Every employer of labor in this state shall, without making a charge therefor, provide fresh and pure drinking water to his employees during working hours. Access to such drinking water shall be permitted at reasonable and convenient times and places.
"Any violation of the provisions of this act shall be deemed a misdemeanor and punishable for each offense by a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars ($25.00), nor more than one hundred dollars ($100.00), or by imprisonment for not more than thirty (30) days, or by both such fine and imprisonment."
It shall be the duty of the operators of every gold dredge to provide a suitable enclosed toilet on the dredge.
Rule 406. Illumination.
All parts of the dredge, where men are required to be or go, shall be provided with adequate light.
Rule 407. Fire Protection.
A box containing at least two (2) cubic feet of clean, dry sand and a scoop shall be kept at each of the following places on all gold dredges : Winch room, each oil switch or auto starter or each group of oil switches or auto starters, oil and
Industrial Accident Commission.
grease storeroom; provided, that one approved extinguisher of the one-quart carbon tetrachloride type may be substituted for each two (2) cubic feet of sand required.
Rule 408. Protection Against Drowning.
Safety ladders must be fastened to each side of the hull of the boat, which are to extend from the main deck to three (3) feet below water line. One ladder must be placed on the for ward end of each pontoon and one on each outer side forward of the main house.
A wire hand rope shall be run along both sides of the boat and so hung that it shall be at all times at or near the water line; an additional line shall be used where necessary to meet this provision.
A standard size, circular cork life buoy, with sufficient length of rope attached, must be placed on the main deck of each boat on each side, just inside of forward end of main house, in a convenient place, and maintained in serviceable condition.
The life buoys and attached rope shall be secured with seals, which are to be broken only in case a man has fallen into the pond.
A grappling hook with sufficient rope attached to reach the bottom of the pond shall be placed in a convenient place on the main deck of every dredge and secured by a seal. This seal is to be broken only in case a man has sunk in the pond and it is necessary to grapple for his body.
Safety Rules for Gold Dredges.
The grappling hook shall have not less than three prongs and the shank shall be at least 16 inches in length. The distance from the points of the prongs to the center of the shank shall not be less than 6 inches.
Rule 409. Goggles.
A suitable pair of goggles shall be issued to each individual worker who is exposed to any serious eye hazard through the nature of his work.
Rule 410. Hand Tools.
Hand tools shall be regularly inspected and the heads annealed and dressed as often as necessary.
Industrial Accident Commission.
Guards Against Personal Falls And
Falling Objects.
Rule 421. Gantry Platforms.
Platforms shall be provided on bow and stern gantrys at a convenient distance below all sheaves so that such sheaves shall be safely accessible for greasing or other purposes. These platforms shall be of close planking, not less than two (2) inches in thickness and suitably supported. Openings not larger than necessary to admit free passage of ladder, spud, and stacker lines shall be left and protected by toeboard and such sections of the flooring as necessary to permit the working of the head lines shall be made removable.
Gantry platform railings shall be of substantial construction and securely fastened. If pipe railings are used, floor flanges will not be considered a secure method of fastening, unless stanchions are extended through platform and flanges bolted through.
Rule 422. Railings and Toe-boards.
The outside edges of all decks, elevated walks, runways or platforms, except the roof of the winch house and the main deck, if four (4) feet or more from the water or deck below, must be provided with a railing not less than three and onehalf (3]A) feet high and also an intermediate railing midway between the top rail and the deck or toe-board.*
If the height exceeds six (6) feet above water or deck below, a toe-board must be provided to prevent material from
*Note. — Thirty-six (36) inch railings will he permitted where in existence at the time these rules go into effect.
Safety Rules for Gold Dredges
rolling or falling off, except that no toe-boards shall be required on the stacker runways, roof of the winch house, or the main deck walk across the stacker belt at the lower end.
All deck or platform openings must be guarded with a railing, not less than three and one-half (3l/2) feet high, hav ing a toe-board not less than six (6) inches high, and an additional railing midway between the toe-board and top rail. Railings are to be constructed in a safe and substantial man ner, of either pipe, metal work or wood. One or more sides may be on hinges, or if hinges are impracticable, sockets may be used. The screen well shall be considered a deck opening.
All deck or platform openings which can not be guarded as required in this manner must be guarded with a cover, prefer ably hinged.
Doorways used as boat landings shall be guarded with a single rail which may be more than forty-two (42) inches but not more than sixty (60) inches above the deck, or else vertical hand rails shall be provided on each side of doorway.
Permanent elevated platforms must be equipped with a per manent stairway or stationary ladder. Where a stationary ladder or stairway passes through any elevated platform, the opening shall be of sufficient size to permit of easy passage in a normal position by any one using the ladder or stairway.
Rule 423. Ladders.
All ladders shall be of substantial construction throughout and shall be maintained in a safe condition, with the rungs
Industrial Accident Commission. 15
tightly fastened and free from seriously weakening cracks or wear
Rungs shall be spaced uniformly and be not less than twelve (12) inches or more than fifteen (15) inches from center to center.
Fixed Ladders.
Rungs, if of wood, shall be of clear lumber, free from checks and knots, of a minimum size of one and one-quarter by three (1x3) inches, and set in stringers at least threequarters (24) of an inch at the bottom.
There shall not be less than six (6) inches clearance from each rung to the nearest permanent object back of the ladder.
If the ladder is made by nailing rungs to a vertical or inclined post or upright, the ends of rungs shall project at least six (6) inches beyond the post or upright at each end.
Stringers shall be spaced not less than fifteen (15) inches apart.
Ladders shall project at least three feet six inches (3' 6") above any platform to which the ladder leads, unless con venient and secure hand-holds are fixed at such places.
Safety Rules for Gold Dredges.
Portable Ladders.
All portable ladders (except substantial stepladders) must be provided with either sharp points at the foot, or wide, rough surface feet, or other effective means to prevent slipping. Ladders for use in oiling overhead shafting, where necessary to rest same on the shafting, must be arranged to hook over the shafting.
All portable ladders are not to be less than twelve (12) inches wide at the top rung, measured between stringers.*
Rule 424. Stairways. t
All stairways must be equipped with handrails, the top of which shall be thirty-six (36) inches vertically from the center of the tread, as follows :
1. Where the stairway is not built next to a wall or par tition, rails must be placed on both sides.
2 If stairway is closed on both sides, at least one handrail must be provided.
3. If width is greater than four (4) feet, rails must be pro vided on each side.
All stairways must be properly lighted either by natural or artificial light.
*Note — It is suggested that the width of ladder be increased onehalf (A) inch per foot of length from top to bottom.
f Note. — Stairways should not be built at a sharper angle than fifty (50) degrees from the horizontal. For sharper angles, ladders should be used instead.
Industrial Accident Commission.
On any one stairway the risers shall be of a uniform height and the treads of a uniform width.*
Rule 425. Stacker Runways.
Uniformly spaced cleats shall be provided on stacker run ways and maintained in good condition and tightly fastened. No toe-board is required on these runways but an intermediate rail shall be provided halfway between the top rail and run way ; this rail may be of wire rope, if preferred. A safe approach shall be provided to the inner ends of both stacker runways.
Rule 426. Stacker Crossover.
A crossover walk from the port stacker runway to the star board stacker runway at or near their outer ends shall be provided and equipped with a railing.
Rule 427. Stacker Rock Stops.
Rock stops to prevent rock from rolling back 'on the stacker belt shall be placed over the belt not more than fifty (50) feet apart, the lower stop to be not more than twenty-five (25) feet from the end of the screen delivery chute.
Rule 428. Stacker Belt Side Guards.
Side guards of substantial construction and at least six (6) inches high shall be provided on both sides of the stacker belt.
*Note. — The sum of a tread and a riser shall be 172 inches as nearly as possible.
Safety Rules for Gold Dredges.
Machinery And Power Transmission.
Rule 441. Gears.
All gear wheels must be protected with a closed guard of metal, wood or wire mesh, of such dimensions and construc tion that the point of mesh of the gears can not be reached from outside the guard and that no shear will exist between the spokes of the gear wheel and any portion of the guard or adjacent structures. A suitable trap or opening shall be pro vided at a point well away from the point of mesh so that the gears can be safely greased while running.
Rule 442. Belts.
All belts, ropes or chains driving machinery or shafting, where exposed to contact, must be guarded. In all cases the point where the belt, rope or chain runs on to the pulley, sheave or sprocket, if within seven (7) feet of the deck or platform, must be guarded.
Exception : Belts which are so small or so slow moving that they are not in any way a source of danger.
All horizontal belts, ropes or chains driving machinery or shafting, seven (7) feet or less above the deck or platform, where exposed to contact, must be guarded. All overhead belts six (6) inches or more in width and over seven (7) feet from deck or platform, must be guarded underneath and on sides, unless so guarded that persons can not pass under them. All chain or rope drives over seven (7) feet from deck or platform must be guarded in the same manner as required for belts over six (6) inches in width. In all cases the guard must cover the outer faces of the two pulleys or
Industrial Accident Commission.
sheaves and extend upward to such a point and be attached in such a way, that in case the belt, chain or rope breaks, the guard will withstand the whipping force.
Vertical and inclined belts must be substantially guarded with a complete enclosure of wood or metal to a height of six (6) feet above the deck.
Rule 443. Pulleys.
All pulleys or parts of pulleys within seven (7) feet of a deck or platform must be guarded where exposed to contact.
Rule 444. Stacker Drum.
Point of contact of stacker belt with the upper side of the drum at the outer end of stacker shall be guarded in such a manner as to prevent possibility of injury between the belt and drum.
Rule 445. Sprockets.
All sprockets must be guarded where exposed to contact.
Rule 446. Clutches.
All clutches must be completely guarded where exposed to contact.
Rule 447. Screen Rollers.
Tread rollers shall be covered with a closed guard and the guard must extend over the contact of the roller with the tread ring on the revolving screen and up at least two (2) feet on said tread ring above the point of contact. The housing may be of wood, metal or wire mesh.
20 Safety Rules for Gold Dredges.
(b) Thrust Rollers and Guide Rollers.
The point of contact of thrust rollers and guide rollers with the tread ring shall be completely guarded.
Rule 448. Shafting.
All transmission shafting, either horizontal or vertical, and all dead ends of shafts wherever exposed to contact must be guarded.
Rule 449. Set Screws.
All projecting set screws on moving parts must be removed, countersunk or protected by a solid collar, or a headless set screw must be used. No part of the set screw must project above the surface.
Rule 450. Keys and Keyseats.
All projecting keys in shafting, where exposed, must be cut off or guarded, and all keyseats in ends of shafts, where exposed, must be filled flush or guarded.
Exception : Keys in the upper tumbler shaft and swingwinch drum shafts shall be excepted from this requirement.
Rule 451. Flywheels.
All flywheels shall be guarded with a closed guard to the height of six (6) feet or to the top of the flywheel.
Rule 452. Grease Cups.
All grease cups with the exception of self-feeding cups shall be in a safe and convenient place for the oiler to reach ; if necessary, this shall be obtained by piping them out.
Rule 453. Sheaves.
All sheaves shall be guarded so as to eliminate any shear between the spokes or web of the sheave and any part of the
Industrial Accident Commission.
frame or housing and also to prevent possibility of a person being drawn into the sheave by a line or of being jammed between the line and the housing or guard.
Rule 454. Bow Line Fair-Lead Track Rollers.
Bow line fair-lead track rollers shall be guarded with a suit able fender traveling ahead of the roller on the track and so adjusted and constructed as to prevent a man's hand or foot from passing beneath the fender or being jammed between the fender and the track.
Rule 455. Spud Lines.
Spud lines shall be completely housed with metal or wood from the aftermost deck sheave to a point six (6) feet above the top deck.
Rule 456. Grinding Wheels.*
Straight grinding wheels must be provided with a complete protection hood of sufficient strength to retain broken parts in case the wheel should break. This hood must be adjusted close to the wheel and extend forward over the top of the wheel to a point at least thirty (30) degrees beyond a vertical line drawn through the center of the wheel.
*Note. — Wheels should be handled with the greatest care in unpack ing, storing, delivering, etc., and should never be left standing on the ground or wet places. Great care should be used in mounting wheels; never force a wheel on the arbor. It is advisable to use thin, com pressible washers between wheel and flange to obtain a perfect bearing at the outer edge of the flange; both flanges should be of the same diameter and the arbor nut should not be tightened more than is neces sary to hold the wheel securely. Vibration should be avoided at all times.
Safety Rules for Gold Dredges.
Wheels shall never be run without flanges. The inner flange shall be either shrunk, keyed or screwed on to the spindle.
The sizes of straight flanges used with straight wheels and protection hoods shall not be less than those shown in the following table.
Straight Flanges and Straight Wheels Used With
Protection Hoods.
A
B
D
Diameter of wheel in inches
Minimum outside diameter of flange
Minimum diameter of recess
Minimum thickness of flange at bore
6
8
s
10
3 h
12
14
4 h
16
h
20
22
n
26
28
Where protection hoods are not used, protection wheels fitted with protection flanges must be provided.
Industrial Accident Commission.
Arbor ends must be guarded.
Speed of wheels must not exceed the speed recommended by the manufacturer.
Table of Grinding Wheel Speeds.
Diameter of wheel in inches
Revolutions per minute for surface speed of 4,000 feet
Revolutions per minute for surface speed of 5,000 feet
Revolutions per minute for surface speed of 6.000 feet
1
2
4
5
6
8
10
14
16
18
22
24
26
32
The revolutions per minute at which wheels are run is dependent on conditions, and in actual practice wheels are run at surface speeds of from 4,000 to 6,000 feet per minute up to
Safety Rules for Gold Dredges.
as high as 7,500. It is recommended that for most grinding operations surface speeds should not exceed 6,000 feet. As a wheel wears down, the speed may be increased to maintain the same surface speed, and great care must be exercised when a new wheel is provided to avoid over-speeding.
Unless an individual pair of goggles is furnished to every man who has occasion to use the grinding wheel, each wheel shall be guarded with a fixed eye guard of plate glass, so placed as to prevent possible injury to the eye from flying particles. The glass shall be maintained in a clean and serviceable condition.
If tool rests are used, they shall be at all times kept within one-eighth (J/g) of an inch or less of the surface of the wheel.
Industrial Accident Commission.
Electrical.
Definitions :
The term "high voltage" shall mean all voltage at or above 650 volts ; "medium voltage," all voltage between 300 and 650 volts, and "low voltage," all voltage below 300 volts.
Rule 461. Danger Signs.
All machines and apparatus operating at or above six hun dred and fifty (650) volts shall be marked by the use of the word "danger" followed by an indication of the voltage carried.
Rule 462. Grounding of Dredge and Electrical Equipment.
The noncurrent carrying metal parts of all electrical equip ment on the dredge shall be effectively grounded. Effective grounding on a wooden boat shall consist of linking the water pipe system and the frames of the main and swing winches together, with a suitable metallic connector, and effective metallic connection of the part to be grounded to this system. On steel boats, grounding to the frame of the boat by bolting to it, or by other equally effective means, shall be considered effective grounding.
The power cable shall not be handled with the uninsulated hand while the power is on.*
Note. — It is recommended that the armor of the power cable lead ing from the bank to the boat be grounded by attaching a clamp to the cable at or near the shore pole and fastening a number "0" stranded copper cable to it and connecting this copper cable to a solid iron pin or pipe at least one (1) inch in diameter and driven six (6) feet into the ground.
Safety Rules for Gold Dredges.
Rule 463. Insulation of Conductors.
Overhead transmission lines between the generating station or substation and the shore pole to which is attached the end of the power cable leading from the bank to the dredge, shall be supported upon insulators, which shall be adequate in quality, size and design for the voltage transmitted. Such line shall be maintained not less than fourteen (14) feet above the ground or any structure used as a passageway.
All high-voltage wires installed between the shore pole and the dredge, as well as on the dredge, shall be in the form of properly insulated cables, which shall be armored or effectively protected against abrasion, but the armor shall be electrically continuous throughout, and shall be effectively grounded. The installation of efficiently insulated wires in grounded metal conduit to transmit power shall be considered to meet this requirement.
(c) Fixed Wires Carrying Medium Voltage.
All medium voltage conductors installed after the effective date of these rules, if maintained closer than eight (8) feet of the top side of decks, platforms, runways or the top end of fixed ladders or closer than three (3) feet horizontally from them, shall be enclosed in permanently grounded metal con duit.
(d) Support and Insulation of Cables and Wires Carrying
Low and Medium Voltage.
All cables and wires carrying low and medium voltage, unless provided with grounded metallic covering shall be effectively insulated and shall be supported by efficient insu-
Industrial Accident Commission.
lators. The conductors connecting lamps to the power supply shall in all cases be insulated.
Where unarmored cables or wires pass through metal frames or into boxes or motor casings, the holes shall be substantially lined with insulating bushings.
All joints in conductors shall be mechanically and elec trically efficient, and shall be soldered wherever necessary. All joints in insulated wire shall, after the joint is complete, be re-insulated to the same extent as the remainder of the wire.
Rule 464. Transformers.
(a) Circuits Entering or Leaving All Transformers Pro
tected by Circuit Breakers.
Circuits entering or leaving transformers shall be protected by automatic circuit breakers to interrupt the current, but fuses and a disconnecting switch may be substituted for a circuit breaker.
Primary fuses and disconnecting switches shall be placed on shore in the primary circuit ahead of the transformers, but in no case shall these disconnecting switches be opened or closed under load.
A main oil switch of sufficient capacity to interrupt the circuit must be installed on the primary circuit.
Safety Rules for Gold Dredges.
Transformer rooms shall be properly lighted and shall be of fireproof construction.
(e) Short Circuiting Instrument Transformer Secondaries.
Instrument transformers, exclusive of potential transformers, shall be provided with a means for short-circuiting the secondaries, which can be readily connected while the primary is energized, and which are so arranged as to permit the removal of any instrument or other, device in such circuits without opening the circuits.
Rule 465. Switchboards.
Switchboards shall, where practicable, be so placed that the persons necessarily near the board will not be endangered by machinery or equipment located near the board.
Main and distribution switch and fuseboards shall be made of noncombustible, nonabsorbent, insulating material, which shall be free from metallic veins. The board shall be mounted upon supporting frameworks of iron or steel and fixed in a dry place. If insulated conductors are used in the wiring of the board, the insulation of such conductors shall be flame proof.
(c) Working Space About Electrical Devices.
Instruments, relays or other devices requiring reading or adjustment shall be so placed that work can be readily performed from the working space.
Industrial Accident Commission.
(d) Arrangement and Identification.
Connections, wiring and equipment of switchboards shall be arranged in an orderly manner and all switches and cutouts shall be plainly marked, labeled or arranged so as to afford ready means fpr identifying circuits or equipments supplied through them.
(e) Live Parts Shall Have Protectors.
Live parts of switchboards, which are ordinarily isolated or guarded, but which may occasionally require adjustment or repair during operation, shall be so arranged that suitable portable covers or shields can be effectively placed to protect workmen from contact with any neighboring live parts.
(f) S pacings and Barriers Against Short Circuit.
Bare parts of different potential on any switchboard or panel shall be as few as practicable and these parts shall be effectively separated.
(g) Bare Parts Guarded Against Short Circuit.
Bare parts, including bus bars, shall, when practicable, be so located or provided with barriers or substantial insulatingcoverings that parts of different potential can not be acci dentally short-circuited by tools or other conducting objects.
Exception: This does not apply to panel boards mounted in suitable cabinets.
All switchboards and panel boards having exposed currentcarrying parts operating at over one hundred and fifty (150) volts to ground, and not isolated by elevation, shall be suitably inclosed in cabinets, screens, or rooms or other inclosures to make them inaccessible to others than the authorized operator.
Safety Rules for Gold Dredges.
Conducting floors around switchboards shall be provided with a suitable insulating platform or mat so placed that no person can inadvertently touch live parts unless standing on the insulating platform or mat
Rule 466. Switches, Fuses, Automatic Circuit Breakers,
All points at which a circuit has to be made, or broken, shall be provided with proper switches, which shall be so installed that they can not be closed by gravity.
(b) Szvitches Shall Be Safely Accessible.
All switches, automatic cutouts, controllers, starting rheo stats, autostarters and other control devices shall be readily and safely accessible ; they shall be so located or marked when controlling circuits of over 1,320 watts, as sufficiently to indi cate their function and the location and character of the equip ment controlled by them and whether they are open or closed, except cutouts and switches in sealed inclosures. They shall be so installed as to minimize the danger of accidental opera tion.
(c) Szvitches Shall Have Rated Capacity.
Switches shall have a rated capacity safely to interrupt, at the working voltage, the greatest current which they will be required to carry continuously. Rating means that they shall operate safely at 50 per cent overload in amperes and at rated voltage under the most severe continuous conditions which they are liable to meet in practice.
Industrial Accident Commission.
(d) Fuses and Circuit Breakers To Be Shielded.
Fuses and circuit breakers shall, as far as possible, be so located and shielded that persons will not be burned by their operation.
(e) Handles or Levers of Circuit Breakers To Be Guarded.
Parts, such as handles or levers of circuit breakers, which may move suddenly in such a way that persons in the vicinity are liable to be injured by being struck by them, shall be guarded or isolated, where practicable.
(f) Signs Against Opening Disconnectors Under Load.
Disconnectors are not rated as capable of opening safely
under load, and shall be provided with signs warning against
opening them while carrying current.
Interlocking arrangements are desirable to prevent opening of such switches under load.
Means shall be provided so that switches controlling motors, transformers, and similar utilization equipment can, when closing would cause a hazard, be locked in the open position and tagged to prevent careless closing while work is being done on the equipment controlled by them.
Small capacity snap switches, if near machines and in plain sight from all parts of the machines controlled, are exempted.
Knife switches shall maintain such alignment under service conditions that they may be closed with a single unhesitating motion into their contacts.
(i) Guarding Live Parts of Switches.
All manual switches shall have suitable casings or guards protecting the operator from danger of contact with currentcarrying parts, effective during ordinary operation.
Safety Rules for Gold Dredges .
(j) Mounting of Switches, Fuses, Circuit Breakers, etc.
All switches, circuit breakers, rheostats, fuses, and all instruments used in connection with motor generators, rotary converters, transformers, and motors, shall be mounted on standard bases of noncombustible and insulating material.
This provision shall not apply to compensators for induction motors.
(k) Disconnecting Switch Ahead of Fuses.
An individual switch shall be installed directly ahead of every fusible cutout in order that the fuses may be com pletely disconnected from all sources of electrical energy when the cutout is being re-fused. Fuses shall be adjusted or replaced only by an authorized and competent person.
Fuses shall be located in a metal or insulating box. A legible warning against removing fuses before the switch con trolling same is opened shall be placed on the outside of the cover of said metal or insulating box. This does not apply to fuses mounted on a switchboard.*
Fuses and automatic circuit breakers shall be constructed so as effectually to interrupt the current when a short circuit occurs or when the current through them exceeds a predeter mined value. The capacity of fuses used to protect feeders shall not exceed the current capacity of the feeder by more than twenty-five per cent.
*Note. — It is recommended that where fused switches of the exter nally operated type are used, the cover of the switch cabinet be so interlocked in relation to the switch handle as to prevent opening the cover until the switch has been opened, and to prevent the closing of the switch while the cover is open.
Industrial Accident Commission.
Fuses shall-be stamped or marked, or shall have a label attached, indicating the maximum current that they are intended to carry.
In no case shall primary meters be used on high voltage circuits.
(p) Neutral Conductors in Three-Wire Systems To Be
Without Automatic Cutouts and Switches.
Neutral conductors in three-wire systems shall be arranged without automatic cutouts interrupting their continuity, and without switches unless the switch opens all conductors of the circuit with one operation. In two-wire branches from threewire circuits the conductor connected to the neutral is not considered a neutral conductor.
(q) Grounded Conductors To Be Without Automatic Cutouts.
All conductors grounded for the protection of persons shall be arranged without automatic cutouts interrupting their con tinuity between the source of electrical supply and the point to which the ground wire is attached. Switches shall open all conductors of the circuit with one operation.
Where the utilization equipment is connected to electrical supply lines, the point of connection is considered as the source of electrical supply.
Rule 467. Motors.
Every stationary motor and every portable motor, together with its starting device, shall be protected by a circuit breaking device or by fuses on each line and switches arranged to cut off entirely the power from the motor.
Safety Rules for Gold Dredges.
Suitable guards or inclosures shall be arranged at each motor when necessary to prevent persons or objects from inadvertently coming in contact with moving parts.
(c) Manually-Controlled Starters for Motors.
Manually-controlled starters for motors shall be so designed and circuits so arranged that they return automatically to the
"off" position upon failure of the energy supply, except where motors are under competent supervision or equivalent protec tion is otherwise provided.
The exception in this instance refers to controllers whose operation requires the constant attention of an operator, such as hoists, cranes, and winch motors. The controllers of direct connected centrifugal pump motors, where the couplings are properly guarded are also excepted.
The live parts of motors operating at over 250 volts, unless such live parts are inclosed or isolated by elevation at least eight (8) feet above the floor line, shall, if practical, be provided with permanent inclosures, or other suitable guards; such inclosures so arranged as to prevent persons or conduct ing objects from inadvertently coming or being brought into contact with said live parts.
Suitable insulating mats or platforms of substantial con struction and providing good footing shall be so placed on floors, and, if necessary, on frames of machines having exposed live parts above 150 volts to ground, that operators can not touch such parts unless standing on the mats or platforms.
The suitable guarding of live parts by inclosures or barriers effective during attendance will obviate the necessity for insu lating mats, and where such mats are impracticable from the
Industrial Accident Commission.
nature of the location or processes carried on, guards shall always be used.
Rule 468. Electric Lighting.
The exterior of the sockets of all incandescent lamps, installed after these rules go into effect, shall be entirely nonmetallic.
The use of flexible lamp cord for lighting connection is prohibited except where its use is necessary on account of excessive vibration or for portable incandescent lights, to be used in connection with the inspection and repair of machinery and equipment; and in that case the cord shall be especially insulated or armored. Such portable lights shall be protected by a cage large enough to inclose both lamp and socket, unless a socket with nonmetallic exterior is used A handle shall be provided to which the light and socket shall be firmly attached and through which the leading-in wires shall be carried, except that where the insulation of the leading-in wires is thoroughly reenforced by taping, the handle may be omitted.
Young Man Killed By Electric Current
Special Dispatch to The Chronicle.
WALNUT GROVE, February 9. — Thomas P. MacLaughlin, 20 years old, a bookkeeper, was killed by an elec tric shock on the bridge here. The body fell into the Sacramento river. MacLaughlin was standing on the bridge when he started to climb over the railing down to a boat. In doing so his feet touched an electric conduit pipe. The line inside the conduit car ries only 220 volts. Twenty-five min utes later the body had been removed from the water.
ft was not known that the conduit cover was alive with electricity, as it was supposed to be well insulated.
Index.
A
Air, Air Pressure Tank Safety Orders to apply (appli
Application, of rules
B
Belt, side guards, for stacker
Belts, horizontal, if 7 feet of deck to be guard. d
Belts, if exposed must be guarded
Belts, vertical and inclined, guarded to 6 feet above deck
Cable, power, grounding of
Cables, entering fittings
Circuit breaker, for circuits entering or leaving trans
Circuit breakers, for stationary and portable motors..
Circuit br.akers, handl s or levers to be guarded -
Circuit breakers, to be guarded against contact
Circuit breakers, to be mounted on insulating material.
Clutches, to be guarded
Conductors, grounded, to be without automatic cutouts Conductors, neutral, in 3-wire systems to be without
automatic cutouts and switches -
Crossover, stacker
D
D finitions, "high," "medium" and "low" voltage
Disconnectors, warning signs not to open under load... Doorways, used as boat landings must have guard rail Drowning, protection against
E
Electrical - - - - -
Electrical equipment, grounding of
Exemptions, to be mad' in writing to be effective (ap plication)
Explosives, Orders 3104, 1105, HOG and 1307 of General Construction Safety Orders to apply (application) —
F
Falls and falling objects, guards against -
Fire, sand and chemical extinguishers -
First aid equipment, tables 1, 2 and 3 -
First aid training for on ' man on each shift -
Flywheels, to be guarded to top of wheel -
Fuses, capacity not to exceed 25% of feed r -
Fuses, capacity shall be marked -
Fuses, must be located in insulating box -
Fuses, to be guarded against contact -
Fus s, to b mounted on insulating material -
Par. Unit Page
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b
a
b
e
a
a
e
d
j
q
f
d
a-d
a
b
in
n
Qo
d
j
Index.
G Far. Rule Pat;e
Gears, guard of metal, wood or wire mesh - -- 441 18
Goggles — 409 12
Grappling hook, with attached rope - d 408 11
Grease cups, to he in safe place to reach - — 452
Grinding wheels, arbor ends must he guarded - c 456 22
Grinding wheels, must have flanges - b 450
Grinding wheels, must have prot ction hoods - a 450 21
Grinding wheels, must not exceed manufacturer's spe d d 450 23
Grinding w heels, tool rests to be within J-inch of wheel- f 453 24
Grinding wh els, to have fix d guard of plate glass - e 456 24
Grounding, of dredge and equipment - a 462 25
Grounding, of power cable - b 462 25
Guide rollers, screen b 447
H
High voltage, definition
High voltage wires, on beat and between boat and shore to be insulated - b 463 20
Illumination, of stairways b 424 10
Illumination, to be provid d 400 10
Insulation, fix d medium voltage wires within 8 feet of
decks c 463 20
Insulation, for unarmored cables or wires entering
fittings - e 463 27
Insulation, high voltage wires on boat and between
boat and shore b 463 26
Insulation, joints in conductors f 463 27
Insulation, lowr and medium voltage wires - d 433 26,27
Insulation, mats or platforms for motors e 407 34,35
Insulation, of overhead shorelines a 463 26
Insulation, platforms for switchboard i 485 39
Injur d, care of a, b, c 403 7-9
Injuries, fatal, reporting of a 402 0
Injuries, personal, reporting of b 402 6
J
Joints, in electric conductors to be insulated f 463 27
K
Keys, if exposed to be guard d 450 20
Key seats, if exposed to be filled or guarded 450 20
Ladders, fixed, cl trance back of d 423 15
Ladders, fixed, construction of rungs c 423 15
Ladders, fixed, proj ction above platform g 423 15
I. adders, fixed, projection beyond post e 423 15
Ladders, fixed, width not less than 15 inches f 423 15
Ladders, for sides of hulls a 408 11
Ladd rs, portable, prevention from slipping h 423 10
Ladders, portable, width not less than 12 inches i 423 16
Ladd rs, rungs to be spaced uniformly b 423 15
Ladders, substantial construction a 423 14
Lamp, flexible cord, prohibited except for repair work- b 468 35
Index.
Par. Rule Pae
Lamp, sockets, exterior of sockets to be nonmetallic.— a 468 35
Life buoys, with attach d rope c 408 11
Life line, on sides of hull b 4C8 II
Liquor, intoxicating, prohibited on dredge 404 9
Low voltage, definition
Low voltage wires, to be insulated d 463 26,2?
M
Machinery and power transmission 441-456 18-24
Medium voltage, definition
Medium voltage, fixed wires to be insulated c-d 4G3 26,2?
Meters, primary, not to be used on high voltage circuits o 463 33
Motors, guards for moving parts b 467 31
Motors, insulating mats or platforms must be provided
if current exceeds 150 volts e 467 34,35
Motors, live parts over 250 volts and within 8 feet of
floor must be inclosed d 467 34
Motors, manually controlled starters to return to "off"
position on failure of energy supply c 467 24
Motors, stationary and portable, must have circuit breakers and cutouts a 467 33
N
Notie s, designation of person for servic of notices to
remain in force until revoked - b 401 5
Notices, operator must appoint person upon whom
notices are to be served a 401 5
Notices, service of notic s on designated person d emed
service on operator c 401 5
O
Openings, in deck or platform must be guard d by
railings and toeboards c 422 14
P
Platforms, elevated, access to, to be provided with
stationary stairway or ladder - e 422 14
Platforms, gantry, construction of - -- 421 13
Power, cable, grounding of - b 462 25
Pulleys, within 7 feet of deck or platform to be guarded 443 IS
R
Railings, about decks, elevat'd walks, runways and
platforms a 422 13
Rock stops, stacker -- 427 17
Runways, stacker -- 425 17
S
Safety and welfare, general 401-410 5-12
Sanitation, state law on drinking water - a, b 405 10
Sanitation, toilets b 406 10
Screen, guide rollers to be guarded - b 447 20
Screen, thrust rollers to be guarded - b 447 20
Screen, tread rollers to be guarded - a 447 10
Set screws, if proj:cting to be guarded - - 449 2Q
Far. Rule Page
Shafting, to be guarded if exposed to contact - -- 448 20
Sheaves., to be guarded - -- 453 29, 21
Signs, danger, on apparatus carrying 6"0 volts or over_ -- 461 25
Sprockets, to be guarded -- 445 1!)
Spud lines, to be housed to point 6 feet above top d ck -- 455 21
Stacker, belt side guards - -- 428 17
Stacker, crossover from port to starboard runways - -- 426 17
Stacker, outer pulley to be guarded - -- 444 19
Stack r, rock stops, over conveyor belt - - - -- 427 17
Stacker, runways, cleats and intermediate rail - — 425 17
Stairways., railings 36 inches from tread - a 424 16
Stairways, risers of uniform height and treads of uni-
f jrm width c 424 17
Stairways, to be properly lighted - b 424 16
Starters, manually controlled for motors - c 467 34
Switch, oil, for primary circuit c 461 27
Switch, primary disconnecting, ahead of transformer in
primary circuit on shore - b 464 27
Switchboards, accessibility a 465 28
Switchboards, bare parts guarded against short circuit g 465 2 )
Switchboards, bare parts, kept to minimum - f 465 29
Switchboards, construction b 465 28
Switchboards, insulat d platform or mat in front of-_ i 465 30
Switchboards, protection for live parts : - e 465 2!)
Switchboards, switches and cutouts identified - d 465 29
Switchboards, with exposed live parts, to be inclosed — h 465 29
Switchboards, working space about c 465 28
Switches., and other control devices to be accessible - b 466 30
Switches, fuses, circuit breakers, etc., to be mount d on
noncombustible bases j 466 32
Switches, knife, must have correct alignin' nt - li 466 32
Switches, manual, live parts must be guarded i 466 31
Switch s, means provided for locking when open g 466 31
Switches, must be installed ahead of every fusible cutout k 466 32
Switches, must b1 provided for all circuits a 465 30
Switches, shall have sufficient capacity to interrupt
current c 466 30
T
Telephones, to be installed at or near dredge a 403 7
Thrust rollers, screen b 447 20
Toeboards, must be provided on edges of decks, ele vated walks, runways or platforms, 6 feet above d'ck
or water below b 422 13,14
Toilets, to be provided b 405 10
Track rollers, bow line fair-lead to be guarded 454 21
Transformer rooms, to be lighted and fireproof d 464 28
Transformer, secondaries, means for short circuiting-— e 464 28
Tread rollers, screen a 417 19
W
Water, drinking, state law a 465 10
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