Beard's Directory and History of Marquette County [Mich.]: With Sketches of the Early History of ...
Will hcep constantly on han d a, large arvd well selected stocJc of Will hcep constantly on han d a, large arvd well selected stocJc of SBJN presenting this
Overview
Beard's Directory and History of Marquette County [Mich.]: With Sketches of the Early History of ... is an 1873 historical mining reference by Charles Irish Walker, preserved in the Mountain Man Mining research library, focused on Michigan iron ore Marquette.
This 1873 document, Beard's Directory and History of Marquette County [Mich.]: With Sketches of the Early History of ..., is preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library for research and reference. Original source: archive.org.
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Card'S;
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Detroit:
HADGEH & BRYCE. iTEAM BOOK AND JOS PRrwTE:RS,
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MINING AND BAILWAY SUPPLIES, Bar, Band and Sheet Iron,
Nail, Sfihe. Nuts Ans Wasezes,
JiPsI ill pimirai pKiif'
Gas Pipe and Steam Fittings.
Steam. Hose,
Suction Hose,
llydrttibt llo-ie.
Miners' HmiMPH,
Eiei, iesip, Soipstone
and
Espiie Fa%
Cordage, WaMc, Oils.
J'ants,
Le,t,U.
Fairhanh's Scales, Hall's Safety,
Fire Brick, Vlre Claij,
Salamanfler Filling, c, c, ife.
Cleveland Lock, Marquette, Mich.
i,
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„
i,
i,
BEABD's DIBECTOBY OF MABQUETTE COUNTY. 1
Picands,Vancleve&Co.
Msirdware Merdhairirte,
And Dealers Ik
Mining Supplies.
Will hcep constantly on han d a, large arvd well selected stocJc of
IRON. NAILS. GLASS, eas PiDe, (jas Pije Fittings, Gas Pipe Tools.
Muber Belting, Leather Belting, Rubber
Packing, Hemp Packing, Lace Leather,
Lard Oil', Sperm Oil, Yig. Rock,
Head Light Oil.
All Kinds Carpenters' Tools, Anvils, Vices, Bellows, Fire Brick and Clay.
Agents Fokthe
Lake Superior Powder Company,
T07 li BICKFOai) FUSE, HALL'S SAFES, Marie's Steam. F'umps, FairJtauMs Bcules,
Wohden'S Oil Cups.
Ishpeming, L. S., Mieh.
2 BEABD's DIKECTUliY OF MAKQUETTE COUNTY.
Marquette
Jice with Jattves Picnnds Co. and E. B. Gay, Gen'l Freight Agen.t.
Dealers Ix All Kinds Of
Anthracite Egg Coal,
Anthracite StoTe Coal,
Anthracite Chestnut Coal. Briar Hill Coal,
Oak Hill Coal,
Blossburg Coal.
BMAUDS DIRECTORY OF MARQUETTE COLiNTY. 3
F. B. Spear & Co.,
Consibnees For
Bu,ffu,lo, Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago and Lake Superior Lines.
UMl, imt, BBICK tit.,
SAMIJt ANJD SOFT COAL,
Maeouette, L. S., Michigan.
Richmond Store Co.,
C3-b.oge:e,ies,
Crockery, &C.,
Palmer, Marquette Co., Mich.
F. B. Spear & Co.,
U&BQITETTE, UICHiaAIT.
,y
beard's DIKECTORV of MAHQUETTE 0OUNT5.
New Store.
I'asbioaalble Milliaery,
Bonnets, Hats, Sundowns,
Ladies' Furnishing Goods,
Ribbons,
Aprons,
Human Hair,
Laces,
Hosiery.
Yarn,
rioters,
Corsets,
Sephyrs,
Feathers,
Hoop Skirts,
Canvas,
Bustles.
Patterns,
Silks,
Combs,
Initials,
Velvets,
Bracelets,
Curls,
Crapes,
Corset Skirt Supporters
Friszes and Braids,
Veils,
Pins,
Switches.
Ties,
Jewelry,
Suits,
Euohings,
Chains,
Cloaks,
Collars,
Brushes,
Caffs,
Buttons,
Parasols,
Threads,
Wraps,
Kid aird Thread Gloves, Handkerchiefs,
Silts.
T-wists,
Talanas and Capes, Huhias,
Belts,
Fringes,
Uniersleeves,
Simps,
Satins,
Edgings,
&o. &e.
Pans,
Buttons,
Cair-iiilli!!'. imitm' aM Imw |5lsrsiiai.'::SO
Prints, Cloakings, Cloths,
Cottons, Dress Ooods and Suitings, Flannels
hmm' ami f Mldrems' W&m
Notions, Trimmings, Linings, &c., &.
Anye
erything else in Ladies
woods.
Corner Stire, Eyerett's 1
Maequetie, I, S. Mich,
Beard'S
Directory / History
Marquette County,
Early History of Lake Superior,
MINES, FURNACES, Etc., Etc,
Detroit :
Habgbh & BKVcf, Steam B™k and Job P„NTfs,
6 BEABd's DIBECTORY of MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Lake Superior
Manufacturers, Wholesale As1> Retail Dealers In
Flooring, Siding, Sash, Daiors, iBiinds, Lath, Uouldings, Lumber, etc., etc.
Natiowail Bawk Buildiwg. Factory And Yard,
Alfred-Green,
Ahchitbot,
NATIONAL BAWK BUlLmifG,
Uasquette, Uichi9An.
Hosted byGoOgle
Preface.
_SBJN presenting this the first Directory of Marquette county to the fSS public the compiler has necessarily encountered many difficulties always to be found in a new country.
It was the intention to puhliah the names of every male adult in the county, and a canvaJS was taken with that object in view but it was found highly impracticable. The population, especially amongst the laborers, is a floating one, and John Smith at work in one mine to-day, may be Tom Jones work in another mine to-morrow. Consequently the nsraes of those living in the principal towns have been published which wc think will meet the wants of all interested in a Directory at preseni. The compiler desires to return thanks here for courtesies and assistance rendered by the citizens of Marquette County , where these favors have been so universal it is impossible to particularize individuals.
We are also especially indebted to Hon. C. I. Walker, of Detroit, for a very interesting and ably written article on the " Early History of Lake Superior," and to the " Mming Joumat Go." for copious extracts from their " History of Lake Superior Iron District." It was deemed important to republish some part of the history of the mines, etc., inasmuch as the work to iind its nay into the public libraries of Europe and America, the boards of trade of the principal cities of the Union and in other localities where a triithfui account of Marquette county and its mineral resources may be of interest and profit lo outside readers.
In conclusion the publishers beg the forbearance of the public for errors which will unavoidably creep into every work, (o which none are more liable than a ilirectory. We have taken much pains and trouble to present a, first class " Directory and History of Marquette county," and hope that it will meet the expectation and approbation of our patrons, as this will be the only pi accruing t-)
Yours, truly, THE PUBLISHERS.
,y
8 beard's DIREOTOKY of MARQUETTE COUI
Fay S. Wyckofp.
Mahon & Wyckoff,
Furnitures,
Upholstery,
And
House Furnishing Goods.
OrnOE FUEKITraE A SPECIALTY.
MaiS'Cinie BniMing, Front Street,
Marquette, Mwh.
os:cdb,GoOglc
Index To Advertisers.
aphlett, John W. i Co., Stonewareink
, UurdoDB, Neiaunee -
Bank, Ditiaeu's HiLrquette
Beadle. Geo- W. k Son, Meretaiint Tailnr?. Board. W.L.iCo. .Hitching Poata.— -
Bftnoroftlron Co
BrookB, T. C B.. Iron Esucrt
Child. B,
uinrK. rhoa. F., Agt. BinitBr Sewini Maehine
Clovoland Iron Mininn Co -
Cleselaud, L. J., Burokfl Ointment
Congdon, D.. Merchant Tiiilor- -
Conklin. G.N..Jbwb1it -
Crary,L- P- &Co., Job Book PiinterB
Dojartiins, J. A --
DMrtuko Iron and Lumbor Co
Earl-C.M. W-Boota AShoes -
Brl, II. 0. ACii.,GrooeriBiandProTi8ionB ---
Knrieht A Siienoar, HftrnsJB --
Exuelaior Livcrj Stable— - -
<iay, H. A L. A Co., Architacts . — —
Green, Alfred. ArabiteoCand Builder
Huron Bay Sinte and Iron Co -
Iron Bar Foundry —
Jaokaon,H. M. Millinery, etc
Jaoobaon, Jnliua Drr Goodi.Clnthine, ti! — - -
KuhlmanAHotou, Broeore
Lake Snperior Powder Co- -
LakeSnperlof Iron Co
Lake View HouBe
Machla, A. Grucor —
Mnhon A Wykoff, Furniture- — - - -
Mamuetto Brown Stone Go
Marquofte Co-
Mead, T. Variety Smre and Hews Depot
MoCoinher Iron Co--
Mornan Iron Co
Mining Jiiumal — — -
neidhart, B. Hardware —
Heels* Rddy. Uardwue
New York Iron Co
Pondill A Beatty. General Stiiff
Preaton.K.A. Millinery -
ACo- - -
Pieanda, Vani;iBe&Co
Republic Iron Co- -
Kouee J. A Co.. DrugglBlB AChemiata
Kichmoqd Store Co- „ -
ScoTiila A J„hnson, Hardware
BlMfford. H, H. DruiiBiBt „- -
Superior Foundry—."- —
Toy, Biekford & Co., Safety FtiBe, f!. H.Call. Awnt
UniuD Store Co., General Slnre
w "ii; W- A on, general Variety Store —
K" Webb, PianoB and Muaioal Merchandise
Wa., Jno. E. A 0 Es|>lorera and Land Agent!
Washington Iron Co—
Wetiiiore A Brn., Dry Gonda — .
Wetmore F. A Co., Cn.okery -
S£?I''','1"'*C.. Miner'!, Store -
White' Pet"" i""'*" P'S'SIB Tickela and Eichaage...
Wright, ElfTrenExleTt-iV--:'.".::::::".::::::—;
,y
10 BEAIID'h of MAKQUliTTl': COUNTY.
Peter White,
Allan Line, Cimard Line, Inman Line,
NORWAY, DENMARK, SWEDEN, GERMANV, EN- GLAND, IRELAND, SCOTLAND, WALES, TO MARQUETTE, MICH.
Tw9i WrniMwm ©bespei?
any other itgent of the above lines, or any other lines, in Mtirquette County. Also sells
Drafts On All Foreign Countries
At the Lowest Rates, at the
Hoaedb,GoOgle
Index To Contents.
Directory of Marquette 171
" of Negaunee 102
"' of lahpeming 133
" of Michigamme 150
of Cherry Creek 162
" of Harvey 163
" of Hunibolt - 163
of Champion. 164
" of Clarksburg 164
of Greenwood 164
Early History of Lake Superior 165
A sketch of some of the Mines and Furnaces of Lake Superior 201
Appendix 241
Errata.
Page 21, read Jay C. Morse, Secretary, instead of B. C. Morse.
Page 21, read Geo. L. Beeelier, Superintendent on dock at Beecher instead of Carp Furnace.
Page 26, read Hiram A. Burt, instead of Hiram Eurt.
Page 73, read McCoraber mine, instead of MoCumber mine.
Page 90, read A. P. Swinford, instead of Swinnford.
The names of T. B. Brooks, Civil Engineer, office, corner Superior and Main street, and John E. Ward, Real Estate and Mining Lands, Adams Block, being overlooked in their proper places are inserted here.
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12 beard's directory of MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Scoville & Johnson.
Dealers Ijv
Mabbwabm
Kveretts Block.
Pocket and Table Cutlery, Carpenters, Blaotsmiths and Ma- Shelf and Builders' Hardware, chinist's Teak,
Noils, Glass and Eepe, Guns, Bevslvers,
Shorels, Ficks, Mattocks, Spades. Fowder and Shei,
Hoes, Bakes and Forks, Fishing Tackle sf all Descripticns.
Scj-thes, Snathes and Stones, Wagon and Carriage Woodwork.
Cabb'S Hasb 111116 Pumps.
ilj used throughout the iron minea, and where eteam cannot be ued are admirably adapted to the purpo:. Manwfactwrers of all I\.'inds of
Jin, Copper andSheei Iron Work.
In all its Branches.
Ciuindeliers and Plumbing Material, Lead, Gas Pipe and Fittings.
Wood And Coal Heatisg And Cooking
Stoves,
os:cdb,GoOglC
And Mumigipal Officers.
County Offi.cers.
Circuit Judge— Hon. JAMES O'GRADY.
Slichfl-JACOB DOLF - - Marquette.
Coiinty Cletk— FRANCIS M. MOOEE, - - Marquette.
Regisler of Deeds—FKANCIS M. MOOEE, - - Marquette.
Treasnrar— JOHN P. OUTHWAITE, - Ishpeming.
Judge of Probate— ED. ri. HARDY, - - - Marquette.
Prosecuting Atlornej— JAMES E. DALLIBA, - Marqiiede,
Circuit Court Com.— JOHN Q. ADAMS, - - Negaunee.
City Ojjlaers of Ma,r,,u,eMe.
SAMUEL P. ELY, Mayor. J. H. PRIMEAU, Recorder.
F. M. MOORE, Treasurer.
l9t WarJ.
2d Ward
3d Ward.
Jaa. Alfield,
B. NeLdhirt,
Ed. Fraser,
Thos. E.Cook.
A. R. Harlow.
Dan'l Eritteil.
Marquette Lodge 101 F. 4- A. M.
F. M. Moore, W. M. Jno. Coa,n, J. D.
8. W. Bailey, S. W. A. P. Burroughs, Treasurer.
J. J. Drew, J. W. D. 8. Scoville, Secretary.
E. B. Gay, S. D. Peter Hume, Tyler.
Eulat CommunicatioD, let Tuesday of each month.
Marquette Chapter. JVo. 43, R. A. M.
H. M. Maynard, H. P. James E. Dalliba. K. H. E. Mather, S. F. M. Johnson, C. H. F. M. Moore, P, S. L. M, Spencer, K. A. G.
E. B. Gay, 1st V. J. J. Drew, 2d V. L. W. Bailey, 3d V. M. R. Manhiird, Treas. D. S. Scoville, Setfy.
Regular Conyocation, first Friday each month. Lake Superior Commandery JiTo. 30, K. T.
Jamea Dalliba, E. C. H. E. Mather, G. Wm. H. Kaighin, C. G. M. H. Maynard, P. F. M. Moore, S. W. J. J. Drew, J. W. E. B. Gay, Treas.
Staled conclave 3d Monday each month.
D. S. Scoville, Rec, H. H. Stafibrd, Std; Br. Alfred Green, Sword Br. A. P. Burroughs, 1st G. M. E. Manhard, 2d G. C. E, Van Cleve. 3d G.
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14 beard's directory of maequette county.
Hiram A. Burt,
C2=s_DEALER.
Upon nearly every Street, and in every part of the
Ocity Of Marquette.O
Also.——
'"Ctilfee' IfuiiinegK K'dtAMtMS AND MANUFACTURING SITES
For Sulfi upon, tli. most Lihci-nl Ti'intif! to Fii.rrliosoos for imprororreti-f .
Ofllce Phoenix Block, Main Street,
Hoaedb,GoOglc
ri it m
. h,,d Mrniup'Hwi'L-r.', of
Orders from the ti-iidn rnupciztfully solicited.
W. L. WETMORE, President. PETER WHITE, Secretary. W. \V. WHEATON, Treasurer and GeDeral Agent. CHARLES JENKINS, Assistant Agent. .
Hoaedb,GoOglC
16 BKAED's directory of MARQUETTE COUNTY.
iTllEtSiini ¥I1W s
Of all Points of Interest on the JSI'orth and South Shores of Lahe Swperior.
Chromos, Engravings,
FRAMES, Etc.
Tn Okkat Vaktcty At
ifcll#i Ail iilwfs
Marquette, Mich.
The most Elegant and com/p/ete Establi.shment of the kind in the Morthive.st.
0iBf f ftategiraf h;s are Wftetelltit
OBDSaS B7 UAIL PB0UFTL7 ATIENDBI) TO.
Hosted byGoOglC
Beard'S Directory
Marquette.
ABEL, Ransom, clerk, bds. Bluff near Third. Adams, Sidney, contractor, overStafFord's drug store, res. Wash., near Third. Adams James, teamster, res. Bluff near Third, Adams, Chas, P., agent Grace Furnace. Anderson, Jas. A., road master, M. H. & 0. E. R. Anderson, Andrew, foundryman, res. cor Fort and Wash. Anderson, John, laborer. Wash, west of Seventh. Anderson, Geo. carpenter. Wash. bet. Fourth and Fifth, Anderson, Charles, laborer. Wash, and Fifth. Anderson, Charles, blacksmith. Bluff near Fifth. Anderson, Peter blacksmith. Bluff near Fifth. Anderson, Joseph, laborer, Wash, near Third. Anderson, Charles J. Superior near Front. Anderson, John W, clerk, bds. Tremont. Anderson, John, clerk, bds. Rock near Third, Anderson, Elmer, tinner. Lake near Spring. ' Andrews, J. E, clerk, with Pendill & Beatty. Andrews, Donald, Arch east of FTont. Anson, James, mason. Ridge near Front. Anthony, James, watchman, cor. Sixth and Blufl: Anthony, James, jr. machinist, cor Sixth and Bluff.
,y
IB BEAIIDK mUEClORY OF MABQUETTE COUNTY.
Anthony, Thomas, moulder, cor. Sixth and Bluff. Anthony, Robert, machinist, Fonrth near Bluff. Archibald, Michael, saloon. Wash. bet. Fourth and Fifth. Archambauli., Charles, weigher, Superior near Fifth. Archamhault, W. clerk, Bluff near Third. Arms, W. B. ins. agt., Bluff near Fourth. Armstrong, Mrs. B. Wash. bet. Fourth and Fifth. Armstrong, Bernard, laborer, Superior near Third. Arobie, James, laborer, Superior near Sixth. Asch, Paul, clothing, bds. Cole's House. Ash, Jacob, clerk, with Pendilland Beatty. Ashmead, Seely, bds. National Hotel. Atfield, Patrick, laborer, Bluff near Fourth. Atfield James, Superior near Fourth. Atfield, Michael, laborer, Spring near R. E Augustin, Geo. carpenter, Ridge near Seventh, Avery, Charles H. clerk, with H. H. Stafford. Am'. Es.Co., W. 8. Dalliba, agent.
B
f
BABCOCK, Silas, brakeman. Fifth near Wash. Backentaw, J. carpenter. Ridge and Fourth. Bailey, Fred'k, bookkeeper, cor. High and Mich. Bailey, Samuel, A. bookkeeper, cor High and Mich. Bailey, Samuel, carpenter, cor High and Mich. Baker, A. harness maker. Wash, street. Baker, John A. bds. National Hotel. Baker, John, switchman. Bluff near Fourth. Balander, Isaac, laborer. Spruce near R. R. Baldue, Joseph, blacksmith. Fourth near Superior. Bail, Daniel H. attorney, office over Stafford's drug store, i
Bridge st. near Pine. Ball, William carpenter, eor Front and Mich. Balloy, Maurice, laborer. Third near Fisher. Ballard, John, engineer, Superior opp. Jail. Baly, John, brakeman, Fourth and Wash.
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beard's dikEotoby of mabcjuettf: oountv. 19
H. H. Stafford,
Wholesale and Setail Dealer 3;
Drugs, Medicines,
BOOKS, STATIONERY, LaJce Superior Views,
Pbeschiptions Oahepullt Peepahed Day And Night.
Main Street, near Superior.
Hoaedb,GoOgle
20 beard's DIBECTOKY of MARQUETTE COUNTY.
H. C. EARLE. JNO. T. MeGREGOB.
H.C. Earle&Co.
Geooeries,
Provisions,
Crockery, Glassware,
Ac, &:C.
Cole's Block, Front Street,
Marquette, - - Mich.
Hoaedb,GoOgle
beard's dieectoby of mahquette county.
Banerick, William, laborer, Arch near Front.
BanDcrman, John, liquors and tobacco, Main .lear Front, res.
Arch, east of Front, Banks, J. Stewart, Cole's House Barbo, Fred, conductor, Superior near Fifth, BarbeauK, A. laborer. Rock near Front. Barkey, Charles, laborer, bds. Central Hotel. Barklinn, William, laborer, Superior near Tbird. Barlow, Arthur, laborer, Superior near Front.
Barnes, , clerk at court house.
Barney, Samuel, engineer. Third and Genesee.
Barton, Edward, laborer, Hampton near Third.
Barnes, John, carpenter, Hampton near R, mill,
Barnes, Milton, steam shovel, Superior near Fifth.
Barnhard, F. H. quarryman. Wash, near Third.
Barry, James, laborer, Superior near Third,
Barry, John, brakeman, Superior near Third.
Barry, John, carpenter, Hampton near Third.
Barry, Cyrille, carpenter, Hampton near R. mill.
Barrett, A. T, clerk. Spruce street.
Bartholomew, Jas, laborer. Mich. House.
Baxendale, Thomas, machinist, Rock near Third.
Bashaw, Nelson, carpenter. Wash near Sixth.
Bashaw, Oliver, brakeman, Wash, -near Sixth.
Bassu, August, proprietor National House.
Bastian, E. boarding house. Rock near Front.
Beanstin, P. C. clerk, Ridge near Third.
Beardsley, W. J. asst P. M., Tremont House.
Beatty, A. C. asst, bookkeeper, with Pendill & Beatty.
Beatty, J. S. res. Front near Arch.
Beck, Thomas, blacksmith. Fourth near Mich.
Beck, Edwin, machinist, Bluff near Fifth.
Bedeaux, J. laborer, Superior near Fifth.
Beecher, Geo, L., foreman on dock at Carp. Furnace, cor. High
and Arch. Belan, M. teamster, Bock near Third.
22 beard's directory op MiRcjuErrE county.
Beleran, James, laborer, Mich, near Fifth.
Bell, Joseph, laborer, Superior near Front.
Bell, George, laborer. Travellers Home.
Belmont, Moses J. widow, Waah. near Seventh.
Belanger, George, brakeman. Fourth and Wash.
Bending, F. wines and liquors, res. Ridge near Front.
Bending, George, clerk, bds. Summit House.
Benedict, George W. bookkeeper. Wash near Front.
Bennett, Peter, printer, Mining Journal.
Bennett, William H. laborer, Wash, near Third
Benson, W. laborer, Superior near Front,
Benpre, Anton, laborer, Rock near Fifth.
Berdie & Heyn, liquors and cigars, Front near Spring.
Bernier. William, clerk, with PendiU & Beatty.
Bey, George, painter, Fourth near Wash.
Bible, Theodore, laborer Fifth and Wash.
Bice, David, carpenter. Sixth near Was .
Bice, Sampson, carpenter. Sixth near Wash.
Bice, James, engineer. Sixth and Wash.
Billard, John, carpenter. Fourth and Wash.
Bielrough, A, G. laborer, Superior near Front.
Binnah, F. laborer, Fisher near Fourth.
Bird, Frank, Lake near Superior.
Birt, A. J. real estate. High near Arch.
Bishop, Thomas, machinist. Seventh near Ridge.
Bishop Charles, machinist. Wash near Third.
Blackwood, James, laborer. Lake near R. mill.
Blackwood, William, tinner. Lake near R. mill.
Blair, Hugh, conductor. Wash near Seventh.
Blake, Thomas, laborer, Superior near Front.
Bleck, Andrew, laborer, Superior near Fifth.
Blouin, Dennis, hostler, Fisher near Fourth.
Blue, Mathew, mason. Ridge near Sixth.
Blum, Nelse, laborer, Superior near Front.
Began, Con. laborer. Ridge near Front.
Boler, Maurice, laborer. Third and Spruce'.
Bolei', Fat laborer. Third and Superior.
i,
. Dibectoky Of Makquette Coukty. 23
And Real Estate Brokers,
Marquette, Mich
Mineral And Pine Lands
And Minutes and Ezplortions for Sale.
Fayment of Ta::es for Non Residents
Attehded To.
— Kefbb By Permisscon To —
SAMUEL p. ELY, JAY C. MORSE.
PETER WHfTF. JAS. PICKANDS.
H. H. And others.
Hosted byGoOgle
24 beard's directory of marquette county.
Incorporated under the Laws of the State of Michiganmmti
Cajital, $500,000. Catital jaii in, $200,0
Mamqumttm, Mich.
Transact A General
BANKma AND EXCHANGE BUSINESS.
-0Fficeb8—
AMBROSE CAMPBELL, I'res't. J. M. WILKINSON, Cash'r,
EDWARD BREITUNG, Vice Pres't. FEED. M. STEELE, Aes't "
Particular Attention Given to Collections,
And proceeds promptly remitted at the current rates of exchange, on day of payment.
We sell Passage Tickets to and from the OLD COUNTRY by the favorite lines.
Drafts On All Parts Of The World.
At The Lowest Bates.
,y
Beabd S Directory Of Marquette County.
Bookly, Pat. laborer, High aod Arch.
Boos, John, mason. Wash, near Fourth.
Bovin, Peter, laborer, Rock near Front.
Bowdan, Thomas, miner, Bluff near 6th.
Bowdry, James, brakeman. Bluff near 4th.
Bowdry, A. laborer. Wash near 7th.
Boyles, J. laborer, Bluff near 7th.
Brag, Jesse, laborer. Wash near 7th.
Eraley, Gilbert, saddler, 7th near Superior.
Bray, Harry, laborer. High and Mich,
Bray, J. P. telegraph operator. Wash near 4th.
Bray, T. H. clerk. Wash, near 4th.
Brennan, Richard, laborer, Superior near Front.
Brennan, Thomas, laborer. Wash near 7th.
Bridges, J, A., flagman, res. near round house.
Brevier, Louis, clerk, Superior near 5th.
Briniacombe A Cundy, builders. Lake near Superior.
Brimacombe, William, builder, rea. Wash near From,
Briinacombe, T. P., boots and shoes, Front near Superior,
Brille, Henry, brewer. Spring and 3d.
Britelle, Henry, carpenter, Michigan near Cedar.
Britelle, Daniel, contractor. Arch near Cedar.
Britelle, Albert, Michigan, near Cedar.
Bro, Alb, brakeman, 4th near Bluff.
Brober, John, laborer, -jd and Superior.
Brocker, E. C. machinist. Wash cear 7th.
Brodie, C. A. clerk at Northwestern.
Bronson, S. M. dry goods, res. High and Ridge.
Brooks, John, machinist, Superior near 4th,
Brotherton, F. H. explorer, 3d and Bluff.
Brotherton, Wilson, explorer, 4th near Ridge.
Brown, Samuel, carpenter. Front near Michigan.
BrowD, John, laborer. Front near R. R.
Brown, Michael, laborer, Superior and Third.
Brown, Peter, laborer, Superior and Third.
Brown, J. pop manufacturer. Front near Superior.
Brown, Ambrose, S. clerk. Lake near Bluff.
,y
26 Beam) S Wbectobv Of Marq0Ette County.
Brown, Wra. C. clerk, Lake near Blufif.
Brown, Jos. J, clerk, Lake near Bluff.
Brown, Chas. 8. wagon maker. Lake near Bluff.
Buchaiian, John. Fourth near Bluff.
Buckley, Pat. laborer, Superior near Front.
Buckley, Barney, laborer, Superior near Front.
Burr, John, foreman, Wash, near Seventh.
Burt Free Stone Co, Jno. Burt, pres. W. A, Burt, Sec 'y-
Burassee, C. saloon, Wash. bet. Fourth and Fifth.
Birch, Anton, laborer. Fifth and Wash.
Burk, Frank, carpenter, Fisher near Fourth,
Burk, Thomas, laborer. Rock near Third.
Burley, Adolph, sadler. Seventh near Superior.
Burns, Andrew, furnaceman. Lake near E. mill.
Burns, Thomas, laborer, Superior near Front.
Burt, William, agent Burt Free Stone Co., res. High near Arch.
Burt, Hiram, Coll. of Port, Lake near North- Western.
Burt, S. S., agent Grd. Cen. Mine, res. High near Arch.
Bushel, John, proprietor Iron Mountain House.
Butcher, Harris, Superior and Third.
Butler, Fred, butcher, Superior and Front.
Butler, Thomas, laborer. Wash, near Third.
ional Hotel.
Front, ioiiat Bank, Tremont Hoi
CAIN, Wm. brakeman, Natio: Caley, Chas. laborer, Superio Call, O. H. Cashier First Natio Caltin, S. A. Auditor M. H. & 0. R. R., res. Sixth near Blut Cameron, J. R. tailor, residence Bluff near Fourth. Camp, Henry, tailor, corner Third and Spring. Campbell, David, contractor, comer Third and Genesee. Cambell, Ambrose, Reg. TJ, S. Land Office, res, op. Coles Hoi Campbell, John, tailor. Bluff near Fourth. Campbell, Donald, Bluff near Third. Campbell, Wm. laborer, Superior near Front. Campbell, Robert, carpenter. Ridge near Fourth.
„
BEAKD's DIRECTORV of MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Brownstone Company
S. p. ELY, President. PETER WHITE, Treaa.
M. H. MATI4'ARD, Sec'y and Gen'l Manager.
Own and Operate the Celebrated Quarries of
Very Soft and Rich in color, easily worked when new, and becomes very hard npon exposure. T" unchanged by the] elements and remarkably durable in color.
AddreBS, M. H. MA71TAIID, Qan'l Manager,
Marquette.
Huron Bay
Slate and Iron Company.
W. L. WETUOSS, President U. H. UAYKABS, SeaJ and Treas.
Of very fine texture and lustre, equal to any in the world. Q7ASSIES HiniOIT BAY.
General Office at Marquette, Mich. Address, U. H. UA7ITABD, Secretarj.
Hosted byGoOglC
Beard S Directory Of Marquette County.
B. Neidhart,
-DEAIiBB IN—
Foreign and Domestic
Stoves, Tin,
Marquette, L. S., Mlcliigaii.
Hoaedb,GoOgle
Beards Dibectoby Of Marquette County. 29
Campbell, Arch, blacksmith, Bluff near Fourth.
Caropau, David, contractor, Third and Genesee.
Canfield, Chas. telegraph operator, Eidge and Seventh.
Carby, Pat. teamster. Lake near it. mill.
Carey, Thos. mason, Rock near Front.
Carey, 'fhos. laborer, Fisher near Third.
Carey, Edward, saloon, Lake near Superior.
Carey, Pat. mason, Hampton near School.
Carp. River Iron Co. north of Carp. River.
Carson, Samuel, furnace man, Wash, and Fourth.
Casey, J. laborer, corner Spring and Front.
Casey, John, laborer, Bluff near. Third.
Cavis, C. H, V. civil engineer. Wash, near Front.
C'ecotte, John, laborer, Washington and Seventh.
Cecotte, Octave, laborer. Fourth and Blofi!
Champion Iron Co., 8. P. Ely. Sec. and Treaa.
Chartiers, Joseph, brakeman. Fourth and Wash.
Charlesworth, Robert, Wash, near Fifth.
Chambers, S. saddler, Superior near Fourth.
Chamberlain, Geo. harness maker, Superior opp. Cathedral.
Charlson, M. laborer, Third and Superior.
Charlson, Nills, laborer. Third and Superior.
Charlson, I. laborer. Third and Superior.
Charlson, Dan. laborer. Third and Superior.
Childs, B. F. photographer. Masonic Block, bds. Northwestern.
Christy, And. laborer, Superi.-r near Front.
Church, Sidney E, real estate, Watson's Block.
Chubb, Robert, watchman, Fourth near Mich.
Chubb, Henry, laborer, Fourth near Mich.
Citizens' Bank, Ambrose Campbell Pres., J. M. Wilkinson,
Cashier. Clayhoro, Jos. civil engineer. Bluff near Fifth. Clark, W. clerk. Arch east of Front. Clark, John, laborer. Lake near R. Mill. Clark, S. T. fireman, Third near Bluff. Clark, Wm. carpenter, Fifth and Wash. Clark, Wallace A. M., M. D. Crowley's Block.
,y
30 beard's directory of MARQUETTE COUNTY,
Clark, H. clerk, with Pendili & Beatty. Claricy, C. laborer, Superior near Front. Clapp, L. clerk, freight office M. H. & O. E. it., bds. North west' ni.
Cleveland Iron Mining Co. J- C. Morse, Geu'i Agent,
Cleary, David, laborer, Travelers' Home.
Cleary, James, laborer, Travelers' Home.
Cloese, J. laborer, comer Spring and Front.
Coakley, Maurice, laborer, Superior, near Front.
Coakley, Peter, laborer, Superior, near Front.
Coan, Jobn, machinist, Michigan, near High.
Coan, William, Arch St. West Front.
Cochran, Gebrge E. corner Arch and Spring.
Cochran, John & 0eo. E. att'ys, over Murray & Robbins.
Cochran, J. L. attorney, corner Arch and Spruce.
Cochran, V. B, clerk, corner Baker and Eidge.
Code, William, book-binder, corner 3d and Superior.
Coffield, Thomas, laborer, corner 3d and Superior.
Coffman, Samuel, tailor, corner Washington and 5th.
Cole, James, laborer, Washington, near 7th.
Cole, C. D. photographer, bda. Northwestern.
Cole, Acklin, carpenter, corner 5th and Bluff.
Cole, A. A. deputy collector, Burt Bros, building.
Coles, George B. J
Coles, George, Coles House.
Coles House, Front street.
CoUen, E. carpenter, Michigan street, near Front.
Collins, C. G. dry-goods, old P. 0. builtling, res. Wash, near 3d.
Collins, H. G. clerk, Washington, near 3d.
Combau, Eugene, laborer. Travelers' Home.
Condon, John, laborer, Superior, near Front.
Conklin, J. S. clerk, corner Frit and Bluff
Conklin, G. N. jeweler, Adams Block, b. Biaker street.
Connell, Pat, laborer, corner Spring and Front.
Connell. J. laborer, corner Spring and Front.
Connell, Jerry, teamster, Travelera' Home.
beard's DIItErTOllY OF MARQUETTE COUNTY, .'51
Enright & Spencer,
Uann&eburers of and Dealers i;
Horse Clothing,
Trunks Of Every Description.
Cart and Fine Harness a Specialty. SUPERIOR STREET, NEAR CLEVELAND llOtK.
Hoaedb,GoOglC
32 beard's DIKECi'OBY OF MARQUETTE COUNTY.
T. Wari5. J, Webb.
Ward Webb,
— DBAIiEKS IN
Musical Merchandise,
Violin and Guitar Strings.
Seedt Music A Sfecialtt.
Hctuies id Pictiue Primes CoiistMtl; on M.
Stm-e on WasMnyton Street,
Hoaedb,GoOglC
beard's DIltECTORY OF MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Conners, John, laborer, corner Fisher, near 4th.
Conners, James, laborer, Superior, near Front.
Conney, J. D. furnaceraau, b. Brown and De Rush.
Cook, Mrs. E. D Washington, near 3d.
Cook, Christian, shoemaker, 5th, near Bluff.
Cook, J, blacksmith. Bluff, near 3d.
Cook, Charles, laborer, Superior, near Front.
Cook, D, E. tinner, Washington, between 3d and 4th.
Cooley, Pat, carpenter, Rock, near 3d.
Cooney, Wm. cl'k with Pendill & Beatty.
Corey, Duncan, lab. 3d and Supr.
Corey, Rich, boiler maker. Bluff, near 6th.
Corey. Geo. lab. Bluff, near 6th.
Coughlin, John, laborer, 4th, near Washington.
Courtney, Dan, laborer, Superior, near Front,
Coyle, James, laborer, Hampton, near 3d.
Coyle, James Jr. laborer, Hampton, near 3d.
Cozzens, Fred., carpenter, Superior, near Front.
Crathy, Stephen, laborer. Travelers' Home.
Craig, Reynold, Bluff, near 6th.
Craig, Julius, Bluff, near 6th.
Craig, John, furnaceman. Bluff, near 6th.
Craig, James, puddler, Hampton, near School.
Craig, Thomas, mason. Front, near Spring.
Crambie, A. laborer, Superior, near Front.
Crangle, William, laborer, Michigan House.
Crevan, Ed. laborer, SufHirior, near Front
Creary, L. P. & Co. printers. Masonic Building.
Creary, L. P. printer, residence near Methodist Church.
Crenelle, Joshua, carpenter, 7th near Rock.
Cribo, Richard, helper, Washington, near Superior.
Criat, L. laborer, 4th, near Rock.
Crocker, J. plasterer. Central Hotel.
Crohn, Meyer, clothing, Washington, between 6th and 7th.
Croin, John, laborer, Superior, near Front.
Crow, John, laborer. Ridge, near Front
Crow, James, laborer, corner 3d and Superior.
34 BEAKDH UIBECrOHV OF MAKQUEITE COUNTY.
Crowley, Thomas, brakeman, Michigan House, Crowley, Michael, laborer. Lake, near R. mill. Cudlip, John, miner, Washinglon, near 6th. Cummings, Pat, laborer, Superior, near Front. Curamings, George P. civil engineer, 4th, near Bluff. Culhave, Dan. blacksmith, 5th, near Superior. Culbsrt & Reed, livery, Superior, near Front. Culbert, Josh., livery. Summit House, Cunningham, — — laborer. Ridge, near Front. Cundy, J. S. carpenter, Washingtou, near Front. Curtis, James, blacksmith, Eock, near 3d.
D
DAIjB, Samuel, boarding house, Superior, near Front. DaJin, Claes, laborer, Superior, near Front. Dalliba & Mapes, attorneys, Masonic Building. Dalliba, J. E, attorney, Coies House. Dalliba, W. S. Ex. Agt. and man. W. U, Tel. Coies House. Daly, James, laborer, Franklin House. Damp, Charles, mason, Washington, near 7th. Daniel, Hugh, painter, Superior, near Front. Davis, Miss Lillian, dress-maker, Washington, near Front. Davis, Francis, carpenter, 5th, near Washington, Daw, Frank, moulder. High, near Michigan. Dearra, Peter, laborer, 4th, near Washington. Deckermesser, J. laborer. Bluff, near 5th. Deetcher, William, laborer, Fisher, near 4th. Delaay, James, laborer, boards Brown & De Rush. Delaf, Peter, blacksmith. Rock, near 3d. Demay, Augustin, clerk, Genesee, near 3d, Demay, A. F. clerk, Genesee, near Lake. Demeyer, Zavier, saloon, 3d, near Lake. Denn, Peter, pattern maker, corner 3d and Fisher. Dennis, Joseph, laborer, corner 3d and Washington. De Nevin, E. cashier, with Pendill & Beatty. Denomy, David, surveyor, corner 5th and Washington.
„
BEARD'a DIRECTORY OF MARQUETTE COUNTY. 35
Kuhlman & Hotop,
mtmm%m
Flour, Pork,
CROCKERY, Etc.
Marquette, Mich.
Agent for Strweder Show Ccmes.
Hoaedb,GoOgle
36' beard's DIKECTORY op MARQUETTE COUNTY,
Good Horses.
New Buggies.
Culbert & Reed.
(At the Old atmd of Joshua Culbert,) HAVE THE LARGEST AND BEST
On The Upper Peninsula.
Good Horses and Vehicles for all Purposes.
Careful Drivers If Desired.
Funerals Receive Especial Attention, Marquette, - Michigan.
Hoaedb,GoOgle
beard's directory op MARQUETTE COUSTY. 37
Deporte, J. laborer, Washington, near 7th.
Derry, Wm. C. laborer, Washington, near 3d.
Desjardins, J. Physician, Watson Block, res- 3d and Rock.
Deatsch, John, mason, corner 3d and Bluffi
Deveroo, James, clerk, Ridge, near 4th.
Deveru, J. with Pecands & Co.
DeWitt, Charles, hostler, Michigan House.
Dtetsch, John H. tailor, Washington, between 3d and 4th.
ttobey, John, blacksmith, 5th near Superior,
Dobey, Robert, helper, 5th, near Superior.
Doerr, Fred, shoemaker, Washington, near 7th.
Doherty, Michael, laborer, Hampton, near 3d.
Dolf, Jacob, sheriff, at jail.
Dolf, Frank, carpenter, Superior, near Front.
Dollans, Frank, fisherman, Hampton, near R. mill.
Dollan, John, laborer. Travelers' Home.
Donaldson, Peter, portal. Coles House.
Donahoe, John, laborer. Bluff, near 3d.
Donahue, Michael, engineer. Bluff, near 3d.
Donely, James, laborer, Superior, near 3d.
Doner, John, laborer, 7th, near Superior,
Doner, Thomas, engineer, Bluff, near 6th.
Donevau, Jerry, laborer. Ridge, near 4th.
Doukersley, C. Wash, near Front.
Donovan, John, laborer, Superior near Front,
Donovan, James, laborer, Superior near Front.
Dooley Tom. teamster, Mich near High,
Doran, Octave, laborer. Wash, near Fourth.
Dowling, Richard, carpenter. Bluff near Front.
Downey, Patrick, laborer, Franklin House.
Downey, Morris, laborer, Franklin House.
Downs, Cornelius, laborer, Fisher near Fourth.
Downs, Hyior A. Sp. Dep. Custom House, res. Lake near North
Western. Doyle, James, carpenter. Bluff near Sixth. Doyle, William J. laborer, National House. Doyle Patrick, teamster. Third and Rock.
„
Beahds Directory Of Marquette County.
Doyle, Thomas, teamater, Third and Rock.
Doyle, Edward, boarding house, Superior near Front.
Drater, Charles, laborer, Third and Wash.
Drew, John, clerk. Ridge near Fourth.
Drille, William, boarding house. Wash, near Third.
Driscol, Michael, brakeman. Third and Superiur.
Dubois, E., blacksmith. Fourth near Superior.
Duff, James, painter. Fifth near Bluff.
Ditme, J. laborer. Spring and Front.
Dunkley, Joseph, painter. Front st.
Dunlavy, John, laborer, 3d and Hampton.
Dunn, John, laborer, Superior near Front.
Dunn, James, laborer, bds. BrowQ & De Rush.
Duson, Jamea, plasterer, Sixth and Bluff.
Dwyer, Burt, carpenter Sixth near Bluff.
Dwyer, Daniel, laborer, Franklin House.
Dwyer, John, laborer, Superior near Third.
EARL, Wm. foreman R. R. Superior and Fourth. Earle H. C. & Co., grocers. Coles Block. Earle, H. C. light house keeper. Earle, C. M. W. B. and shoes, masonic building, res. Front
near Mich. Earle, Peter, laborer. Fourth near Mich. Eddy, E. F. foreman R- R. Bluff near Fifth. Edge, George, Rolling Mill, Third and Furnace. Edward, L. brakeman, Wash, bet Fourth and Fifth. Egnew, Frank, laborer, Superior near Front. Eich, Hillard, Grocer, Third near Hampton. Ellenwood, Captain P. foreman, Fifth and Wash. Ellis, Charles, fireman, Wash near Fifth. Ellstrom, Fred, laborer. Bluff near Fifth. Ely, S. P. mayor, Lake near North- Western. Engles, Mathew, teamster, Hampton, near Third, English, James, clerk, Third and Rock.
„
BEABD'h DIKECTOBV of MARQUETTE COUNTY. 39
Marquette, Mich.
PETEB WHITE, President. C. H. CALL, Cashier.
W. T. GALL, Ads't Caahier.
Directors :
Peter White, M. L. Hewitt
Henry R. Mather. Jay C. Morse. C. H. Call.
We give eEpecial care and attentira to making
-Collections'
In thi" Ticinity, and give prompt attention to all businem ii our line entriigted to ub.
Hoaedb,GoOglC
40 beard's DIBECTOEY of MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Pendill 85 Beattt,
--Wholesale Ash Eetail-
Provisions,
Grain, Flour, Feed, BOOTS AND SHOES,
Wall Papers, Kooflng and Building Papers.
a,rlne leaf Imrtet
VESSEL SUPPLIES, &c. PAINTS, OILS, VARNISHES,
§mwim Street, dairquttte.
Hoaedb,GoOgle
Beards I'Iregtouy Of Mauquette County. 4
Snright & Spencer, barDess and trunks, Superior nea ddck.
Enright, Jaiues, harness, res. Rock and Third.
Erbinding, H. wagon maker, Superior and Fourth.
Ericson, Peter, machinist, Hampton near R. mill.
Ernau, Felix, laborer, Washington, near 7th.
Evans, S J. barber. Front and Spring, res. Rock and Third.
Evans, J. L. barber, Front and Spring, res. Rock ami Third.
Ereau, Phiiiip, laborer. Third near Rock.
Everett and Son, bankers. Front near Main.
Everett, C. M. banker, res. Ridge and Front,
Everett, P. M. banker, res. Ridge and Front.
Erickson Manfg. Co , foundry and machine shop, near gas works
Excelsior Manfg. (;o.,s. w. cor. Wyckoffand Porter.
FAESSON, Ole, laborer, Superior, near Front. Fagan James, laborer, near water works. Fahey, James, laborer, near water works. Farley, Thomas, laborer, Ridge, near 4th. Farmer, James, furnaceraan, Hampton, near School, Farrar, Mrs. Sarah Add, laundress, 4tb, near Michigan. Farrar, S. B. bds. National Hotel. Fassbinder, J. C butcher. Rock, near 3d. Fee, P. M. laborer, corner Spring and Front Fenah, Charles, mason, Michigan street Field, Fred, plasterer, Superior, near 3d. Finch, laborer, bds. Michigan House. Finch, Charles, teamster. Arch, near Pine. Finch, Ed. moulder, corner 5th and Washington. Finney, Walter, ticket agent. Bluff, near Front First Nat. Bank, Peter White, Pres. Nat. Bank Building. Fisher, David, conductor, Washington, uear 7th. Fisher, Medaugh, machinist, Washington, near 7th. Fisher, Ed. plumber, Bluff, near 6th. Fisher, John, teamster, with Pendill & Beaity.
,y
42 BIi:AUD DIBECTOltV OF MAlKjUETTE COUNTY.
Fisher J. A. laborer, Wash, near 7th. Fiske, E. W.dentist, Watson's Block, res. rear R mill. Fitzgerald, James, machiniat, Rock, near 4th. FitKsimons, Daniel, tailor, Spring, near Front. Flaherty, Thomas, carpenter, corner 7th and Eidge. Flaherty, Robert, carpenter, corner 7th and Ridge. Flanigan John, laborer. Bluff, near 3d. Flanigan, James, engineer, Waihington, near 6th. Flanigan, William, Machinist, Washington, near 6th. Flanigan, Mathew, printer, Washington, near 6th. Flanigan, Richard, weigher, Washington, near 6th. Flanigan, E.i. carpenter, Washington, near 6th. Flanigan, John, engineer, 4th, near Fisher. Flannery, William, laborer, bds, Franklin House Flat, John, shoemaker, bds. with T. P. Brimacombe. Fleetwood, Rev. B. F. res. near 8t. Paul's church. Fletcher, Duncan, laborer, Bluff, near 6th. Floid, Thomas, boiler maker, Lake, near Bluff. Flood, Derry, mason, 3d, near Superior. Floofling, Andrew, mason, Hampton, near School. Flynn, Pat, Fisiier, near Front. Flynn, John, Fisher, near Front. Fogerty, Pat, laborer, corner Spring and Front. Foley, James, teamster, comer Front and Superior. Foley, John, laborer, Rock, near 3d. Foot, J. laborer, comer Spring and Fort. Foot, Mrs. Jane, laundress, Michigan street. Foot D. laborer, corner Spring and Front. Fountain, Arable, Front, near Superior. Fountain, James, moulder, Bluff, near Fifth. Forbuah, Henry, mail agent, 6th, near Bluff. Ford, Maurice, laborer, Hampton, near R. mill. Foreman, Jacob, laborer, Superior, near 3d. Forsyth, Ed. printer, Washington, bet. 3d and 4th. Fortig, John, painter, Washington, bet. 3d and 4tfi. Fortune, L. carpenter, Hampton, near R, mill. Fowler, T. B. gardener. Lake, near N. Western.
i,
beard's dieeotory of maequette county. 43
NEW STQREk
goMes" Surnisliing GaoSs.
Ribbons,
A/.rons.
Tarns.
Luces.
Hosier 11,
Zephyrs,
Flowers.
Corsets,
Cannes,
Corset Skii-t Sup-
Patterns,
Ornaments,
porters.
Initials,
Hoop Skirts.
Human Hair,
Velvets,
Bustles,
Curls,
Combs,
Switches,
Crapes,
Bracelets,
Frizzes and
Veils,
Pins,
Braids,
Ties,
Jeivelry,
Suits,
Rushin'Js,
Cli-ains,
Cloaks,
Brashes,
Talanas and,
Uniiersleeves,
Buttons,
Capes,
Threihds,
Sliawls,
Handkerchiefs,
Silks,
Parasols,
Wraps,
Fans.
.Fringes,
Belts,
Gimps,
Kid and Thread,
Edgings,
Jackets, c.
Gloves.
Buttons,
Ladies', Childrens' and Infants' Undsrwear. Prints, Cloakiiigs, Cloths,
Cottons, Dress Goods and Suitings, Flannels.
.Kotlons, Trim,mings, Linings, -c. -e.
Athd Evebtteinq Else Ik Ladies' &Oods.
Corner Store, Everett's
Marquette, L. S, Mich.
,y
44 beard's directory of marql'ette county.
Jk., TmJk.VEirt.
Deadbb In
Groceries Provisions
oCONFECTIONERY.o
fMBt 8toel, new Satettm, Old p. o. Building, MARQUETTE, MICH.
LEONARD P. CRAEY. JASON McGREQOR.
L. P. Crary & Co.
Book and Job Printers
lilasonic Block, over the Fostoffice,
Hoaedb,GoOgle
beard's DIRECTOEV op MARQUETTE COUNTS. 4
Prase r, Robert, laborer, bds. Franklin House.
Fraser, C. H. clerk Tremont House.
Fraser, E, lumberyard, and real estate, Bluff near Third, re
Ridge street. Fraser, John, teamster, corner 4tfi and Fisher. Frederick, Charles, piano tuner, Washington, near 3d. Freeman Bros, livery, Front, near Superior. Freemao, James, livery, Rock street. Freeman, Richard, blacksmith, Superior, near Front. Freeman, Andrew, carpenter, Washington, near Front. French, Robert, contractor, Washington, near Front. French, William, laborer, corner 3d and Hampton. French, George, carpenter, corner Rock and 3d. Frei, Fred, boarding house, corner 3d and Front. Frei, Jacob, grocer and baker, corner Front and Washington. Freiburg, Robt. clerk, Rock, near' Front. Freiburg, J. P. clerk, with Pendill and Beatty, Frink, Reuben, pile driver, corner Michigan and Front. Fubrman, J. clerk, with Pendill & Beatty. Furgaaon, O'Neil, laborer, Genesee, near 3d. Furgason, Alex, engineer, Hampton, near School. Furgason, Anges, laborer. Ridge, near W. works,
G
GABEIELSON, W. laborer, Superior, near Front. Gaerdpie, Henry, brakesman, Washington, near 7th. Gago, Samuel, carpenter, Washington, near Front. Gagnes, Cheve, brakeman, 4th, near Was ington. Galbreath, James, carpenter, corner 5th and Washington. Gallant, Peter, grocer, Washington, near 7th, Galler, Charles, laborer, corner 5th and Washington. Galvin, William, laborer, bds, Michigan House. Ganaw, Daniel, teamster. Ridge, near 3d, Gariuan, Moses, laborer. Arch street, near Cedar. Garrity, William, engineer, 3d, near Bluff. Garrow, Charles, explorer, Superior, near 3d.
„
46 BEARDS DIRECTORY OF MABQUEITE COUNTi".
Gasco, Joseph, carpenter, Superior, near 7th.
Gaskill, Joseph, carpenter, comer Front and Michigan.
Gates, Andrew, plasterer, Michigan House.
Gay, H. L. & Co. architects, Watson Block.
Gay,E. B. Gen'l F't Ag't M.H.;ifeO.E. R, cor. Front and Arch.
Gehske, Albert, laborer, corner 3d and Washington.
Geness, J. M. laborer, Superior, near Front.
Gidly, Samuel, laborer. Bluff, near 5th.
Gidley, Charles, boiler maker, Bluff, near 5th.
Gieuneger, George, laborer, Washington, bet. 3d and 4tli,
Gilniore, S. F. restaurant, Washington near Front.
Gilmore, Martin, mason, Superior, near Front.
Girsch, Henry, laborer, corner 3d and Washington.
Glazer, John, barber, Washington, bet. 3d and 4th.
Glazier, Louis, train master, Everett Block, res. Wash, near
Front. Gokay, Oliver, weigher, Superior, near 5th. Golds worthy, John, Arch, east of Front. Goodreau, James, Hampton, near School. Gordon, Rev. J. M, Front, near Michigan. Gordy, John, painter, 3d, near Superior. Gormaly, Ed. explorer, Superior, near 3d. Gorman, Thomas, laborer, Michigan street Gorman, Pat. laborer, Michigan street. Gould, Orville, flagman, bds. at Bishops. Grabel, James, laborer, Hampton, near school. Graff, John, carpenter. Bluff, uear 5th. Graham, J. J. clerk, Superior, near Front Grant, Alex, clerk. Lake, near N, Western. Grand Central Iron Co. J. S. Waterman & S. S. Burt. Gray, Noah, director of Carp River Iron Co, bds. N. Western. Gray, W. A, explorer, 5th, uear Bluff. Greble, John W. engineer, Washington, near 4th. Greble, Josiah, tinner, Washington, near 4th. Greble, John, laborer, Washington, near 4th. Greble, Richard, boiler maker, Washington, near 4th. Greble, Charles, tinner, Washington, near 4th.
,y
BKAKD'h DIKJCTOliy MAUQUETTE COUNTY. 47
J. W. Watson & Son'S
Great Wholesale and Eetail
Dry Goods,
Groceries aad Prorisioas,
CE,OCICEIi"y,
CSsbPurniture, Clothing,;g53
OBoots and ShoesO
TOYS, YAMEE NOTIONS, Etc. Watson Block, - MARQUETTE, Mich.
Hoaedb,GoOglC
liEAUD S DlKECTOJtY OF MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Marquette, L. S., Mich.
The Mining Journal Go.
Subscription, $3.00 per Annum,
In Advance.
paper. It circulates largely through the iron, mining and manufacturing district, and is the acknowledged exponent of the iron and manufacturing interests of the Northwest.
As an advertising medium, the Journal is unexcelled.
Advertising rates furnished on application by letter or otherwise.
THE MINING .lOURNAL CO.
AND BLANK BOOK MANUFACTURERS, Every clafs of work eieculed with neatness and dispalcb.
Hoaed by
BEAKD'Si DIUKCTOHY OF MAUQLICTTE ClLlUNTY. 49
Gregory, Henry, huiliJer, corner 4th and Ridge.
Green, Alf. architect and manager, L. S. Building Co., res.
corner Arch and Pine. Green, William, engineer, Superior, near 4th. Green, Ned, laborer. Travelers' Home. Green, G. W. Arch, E. of Front. Green, Frank A. Arcli, E. of Front. Green, Samuel, tailor. Bluff, near 4ih. Greenhart, Frank, brakeman, Bluff, near4t!i. Greenwald, Mich, stone-cutter, 3d, near Wasbingt'>n. Greenwald, Frank, marble works, 3d near Washington. Griffin, Ed. mason, near Front. Grifford, Joseph, gas-fitter, Superior, near 4th. Gries, M. boots and shoes, cur. Front and Spring, res. Rock, near
Front. Grinnell, James H. demist, rear Coles House. Gruner, A. G. bookbinder, bds. National Hotel. Gastaperson, Andrew, laborer, corner 3d and Superior. Gutke, Ludwig, laborer, Bluff, near 5th.
H
H ADDLE, Wiltiara, laborer, corner Washington and 5th. Hadloy. David, laborer, corner 3d and Superior. Hadley James M. carpenter, corner 5th and Bluff. Hageliii, James, blacksmith. Bluff, near 5th. Hageltn, E. bartender, corner 3d and Superior. Hager, G. A. upholsterer. Lake, near R. mill. Haggerty, M. saloon, corner Front and Spring. Hagerstom, C. A. carpenter, Washington, near 7th. Halpin, Ed. butcher, Superior, near 5ih. Halpin, E. clerk, at Pendill & Beatty's. Halpin, D. clerk, at Pendill & Beatty's. Hallam, John, carpenter. Front. Hall, L. A, watchmaker, Washington, near Front. Halt, R. M. book-keeper, city bank, 6 Ridge, bet. Cedar and
Spruce. Hammond, C. F. carpenter, cr. Washington and 7th.
rios:cdb,GoOglC
50 beard's DIBECTUltY OF MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Hapgood, J. machinist, 7th, near Kock.
Hanford, John, Arch, E. of Froot.
Hanft, Philip, laborer, Washington, near 4th.
Hanley, John, laborer, Washington, bet. 3d and 4tb.
Hannah, Sidney, laborer, Lake, near K. mill.
Hanson, S. butcher, Washinglon, bet. 4th and 5th.
Hansen, Swan, laborer, cor. Superior and Sd.
Hansen, Charles, cor. Lake and Superior.
Hardy, E. S. probate judge and harbormaster, res. Front near Eidge.
Harlow, Andrew R. lumber dealer, 4th and II. E. track, resides Front, near Eidge.
Harman, , painter, 5th, near Bluff.
Harrington, John, laborer, Ridge, E. of Front.
Harrington, Philip, laborer. Travelers' Home.
Harrington, Jerry, laborer. Arch St.
Harrington, Con, laborer, Eidge, E. of Front
Harrington, Mich, laborer, Franklin House.
Harris, Wm. clerk at Pendill &, Realty's.
Harris, Isaiah, machinist, Front, near Arch.
Harrison, John F. Fisher, near Front.
Harvey, James, Arch, E. of Front.
Hassle, John, engineer, Bluff near 5th.
Hasselvist, Abe, laborer, cor. Superior and 3d.
Hastings, Thomas, Rock, near 3d.
Hatch, Ernest, billiard rooms. Coles House.
Hatcher, Edmond, blacksmith, Bluif, near 7th,
Hawkinson, N. laborer, Superior, near Fiont.
Hawkinson, Peter, boarding house, Superior, near Front,
Hays, Vic. laborer. Travelers' Home.
Hays, Philip, laborer, Superior, near Front.
Hays, Thomas, laborer, Superior, near FronL
Haynes, C. H. moulder, Bluff, near 4th.
Haynes, Henry, boiler maker, Bluff, near 4th.
Hefferman, Thomas, contractor, 3d, near Genesee.
Helmert, John, fireman, tug Dudley, res. Lake near R. mill.
Henderson, L. F, laborer, cor. Washington and 5th.
„
beard's directory of MARQUETTE COUNTY. 51
Saif Foiulr?. Marine Eoiler Works.
D. H. Merritt,
Pboprihtor,
Steam Engines,
BOILERS, Blast Furnace, Uining § Mill Uachineiy,
Iron And Brass Castings.
I'AHTICVhAlt JTTEMTIO.K GIVEK TO HKJ'AIU- IJfG AMD GILIfKIUL JOB WORK.
Lake St. freia Bluff tt Washingt-on,
Marquette. Mich.
Hoaedb,GoOgle
52 BEAUdV Dli'.ECTORY OF MAllQUi:TTE COUNTY.
G. N. Conklin,
Fine Goods A Specialty.
T&wrists are invited to e&ll and examine my stoeM ©/
Lake SierioriForeip Speciinens,
Indian Curiosities, Etc.
The Finest Collection on Lake Superior.
!f roBt St. lairqiieitoy Mlti.
Hoaedb,GoOgle
Beards Dikectoky Of Maequette County.
Hegau, F. 0. boots and shoes, Superior, near Front, re
near Front. Heineman, Ed. laborer, Washington, nearlSl. Hendrick, H. R. jeweJer, cor. Michigan and 4th. Hennesev, Michael, laborer, 7th, near Ridge. Hense), Charles, laborer, eor, 3d and Washington. Herbst, Fred, laborer, cor. Wash, and 5th. Herman, — — , shoemaker, bds, P. P. Briiuacorabe. Herbert, J. boarding house. Rock, near 3d. Hesse, Herman, laborer, cor. Blutf and 7th. Hetier, Moyse, brakeman, cor. 4th and Washington. Heyn, Barthold, clerk, bds. Ridge, near Front. Hicks, J. C- local editor Mining Journal. Hicks, William, carpenter, cor 5th and Bluff. Hickey Luke, carpenter, 5th, near Bluff- Highland, James, laborer, cor. 3d and Superior. Hillsdale, Wm. clerk, Bluff, near Front. Hinckley, Michael, cutter, Superior, near 3d. Hirsch, John, laborer, Michigan, near 4th. Hocking, John, miner. Bluff, near 6th. Hodeer, C. N. National Hotel. Hodge, Charles, printer, Journal office. Hoffman, Peter, laborer, cor. 3d and Washington, Hogan, Ed. teamster, Fisher, near 4th. Hogan, John, teamster. Bluff, near 6th. Hoggerty, Wra. boiler maker, cor. Front and Mich. Holden, John, blacksmith, Washington, near 7th. Hot den, James, laborer, Washington, near 7 th. HoHister, Robert, clerk, boards Tremont. Hollister, W. R. Clerk, boards Tremont. HoHister, Miss Sophie, dressmaker, Front, near Wash. Holt, Cyrus, moulder, 6th, near Bluff. Homer George, musician, Bluff, near 6th. Hood, John, fireman. Bluff, near Front. Hope, Henry, laborer, Superior, near Front.
Hopkins, J. I
„
54 Beabdb Dibectoky Of Mabquette County,
Hopkins, Samuel, painter, foot Spring, boards Tremont. Hotop, L. Grocer, fomer Washington and 3d. Howe, Wra. painter, 3d, near Rock.
Howe, , laborer, corner Washington and 5th.
Hughes, Michael, laborer, Michigan House.
Hughes, Joseph, laborer, bds. Travelers' Home.
Hume, Peter, carpenter, Washington, near 7th.
Humphrey, S, D. physician, Washington, near Front.
Hunt, Pat. saddler, corner 3d and Superior.
Hunt, Joseph, carpenter, 4th, near Mich.
Hunt, J. K,, clerk at Tremont.
Hunt, H. H. prop. Tremont.
Hurlburl, Rev. C. E. Ridge, near Cedar.
Hurlburt, Capt. printer, Journal office.
Hurley, T. T, harness and trunks, ) cor.Front and Superior.
Hurley, T. T. Jr., " " " f res. cor. Rock and 4tb.
Hurlick, Charles, carpenter, Wash, between 3d and 4th.
Hurny, John, laborer, corner Washington and 5th.
Huseby, A. J. laborer, corner 3d and Superior.
Hirsiey, J, J
Hirsley, Bur, Vessel owners, Ridge, near 4th.
ICKSTRUM, Alfred, moulder. Bluff, near 4th. Isler, Henry, physician, corner 3d and Bluff. Ivey, J. machinist, 4th, near Michigan.
Iron Bay Foundry, D- H. Merritt, prop.
JACK, Thomas, carpenter. Ridge, near 7th. Jacker, Max, Pattern maker, Washington, near 7th. Jacobs, Frank, carpenter, corner 4th and Washington, Jacobs, Leopold, porter Coles House. Jacobs, John A. sup't stone quarry, Hampton, near 3d.
,
Scoville Johnson,
Dealbks In
Evbebtt'S Block,
Marquette, Michigan.
Focket and Table Cutlery, Carpenters, Blacksmiths and Ua-
Shelf and BoilderE' Hardware, chiniat's Tools,
Kails, Crlasa and Hope, Guns, Bevolvers,
Shovels, Picks, Uattocks and Spades, Fowder and Shot,
Hoes, Bakes and Forks, Fishing Tackle of all Descriptions,
Scythes, Snathes and Stones, Wagon and Carriage Woodwork'
Chilson's Brick and Portable Furnacos,
Can gi7e nnmeroas references as to their superiority.
Hand Mining Pumps.
These Pumps are extensively used thi-oughoiit the iron mines, and where Hteiim cannot be used are adniirabiy adapted to the purpose.
Manufactureks Of All Kinds Of
Tin, Copper am-d Blieet Imm Work, PLUMBING. GAS AND STEAM FITTING
In All Its Branches.
Chandeliers and Plumbing Material, Lead, Oas
Pipe and Fittings. WOOD AND COAL HEATING AND COOKING
,y
Tld JJEAUD's UiltECl'UllY 0¥ MAEQUETTE COUNTS.
The Lake Superior
Marquette, Mich.
Manufactiirers of and Dealers in
MINING and BLASTING
Jay C, Morse, C. H. Call,
Pres't. See. & Treas.
Marquette, Mich.
Sells Toy, Brickford & Company's
Celebrated Safety Fuse.
Orders from the Mines Promptly Filled. A full supply always on hand.
Hosted byGoOgle
beard's DUtECTOKY OF MAKIJUETTE COUNTY.
JackBOD, Ed. Arch, E. of Front. Jackson, Henry, blacksniith, fith, near Bluff. Jackson, A. M. laborer, Superior, near Front. Jackson, W. laborer, Superior, near Front. Jackson, H. M. dry giwds, corner Front and Main. Jagger, Joseph, gunsmith, 4th, near Mich.
James, , carpenter, Wasliiiigtnn, near 6th.
Jammel, Joe, saloon, 4th, near Mich.
Jenkins, C. S. clerk, at PendiJl & Beatty's.
Jenkins, Charles, R. mill, res. Arch, near Front.
Jenkins, Charles, book-keeper, corner High and Mich.
Jewell, Thomas, foreman R. mill, res. sonth of mill. Lake St.
Job, Stephen, brakemao, corner Bluff and 7th.
Job, Elijah, brakeman, corner Bluff and 7th.
Johnson, Andrew, laborer, Washington, near 3d.
Johnson, Alex, laborer, Superior, near Front.
Johnson, Andrew, laborer, corner 3d and Superior.
Johnson, August, laborer, corner 3d and Superior,
Johnson, Alex, laborer, boards Brown and De Rush.
Johnson, Charles, laborer, corner Washington and 4th.
Johnson, Casper, laborer, Washington and 3d.
Johnson, C. bartender, Superior, near Front.
Johnson, Charles, baker, Tibbets House,
Johnson, Charles, laborer, corner 3d and Superior,
Johnson, Chris, laborer, corner Washington and 3d.
Johnson, D. laborer, bds. Brown & De Rush.
Johnson, E, A. shoemaker, bds. T. P, Brimacombe,
Johnson, Fred. M, hardware. Lake, near Northwestern.
Johnson, John, carpenter, Washington, near 4th.
Johnson, J. B. clerk, Genesee street.
Jo nson, Henry, carpenter. 5th, near Superior.
Johnson, 0. C, moulder. Bluff, near 4th,
Johnson, William, teamster. Bluff, near 7th,
Johnsou, Wm, clerk at Pendill & Beatty's.
Johnson, Wm. fireman, Superior, near 5th.
Jones, J. J. clerk. Ridge street.
Jones, Jacob, laborer, Superior, near Front,
i,
Jonea, John L, carpenter, Michigan House. Jones, James, carpenter, Washington, near 7th. Jones, Mra. M. Ridge, near Pine. Jones, W. T. clerk, National Hotel. Jory, John, Arch, east of Front,
Jorj, , paint*r, Front, near Arch.
Joelin, G. VV. carpenter. Arch, near Front. Juthill, J. printer. Journal office.
K
KAHLANGE, John, carpenter, RitJge, near 3d. Kaiser, Michael, shoemaker, boards Washington House. Kaufraann, A. jeweler, with Leib.
Kunan, Michael, boiler maker, boards Superior, near 3d. Keiin, Thomas, printer, boards Superior. Keeley, James, laborer, boards National Hotel. Keeley, Joseph, laborer, boards 4th, near Fisher. Keegan, William, laborer, boards 4th, near Bluff. Kehlange, Casper, porter. Ridge, near 3d. Keif, George W. book keeper, Washington, near 4th. KelHng, Chris, limeburner, Genesee, near Lake. Keliog, Charles, clerk, boards Coles' House. Kelly, William, painter, boards Superior, near Front. Kelly, James, laborer, 3d, near Fisher.
Kempe, Herman, cutler, with Levy & Co., res. Arch, near Front. Kempe, John, assistant yard master, boards Bluff, near 5th. Kempe, William, clerk, Bluff, near Front. Kemmel, William, laborer, Washington, near 5th. Kenk, Frank, laborer, boards Michigan House. Kendy, J. laborer, boards Central House. Kennedy, John, mason, hoards Central House. Kern, John, telegraph operator for W. L. Witmore. Kern, John, foreman Merchandise Pier, res. Main street. Kibbce, James 8. clerk, boards 3d, near Ridge. Kidder, A. agent Pittsburg and Lake Angeline and Edwards mine, boards Coles' House.
„
beard's DIRECTOEY of MARQUETTE COUNTY. 59
F. B. Spear & Co,
Consionees Fob
Buffal&j Cleveland, Metrmt, Chicag& and LaMe Snperi&r Lines,
riDEALERS IN;=3t
gi|, Jiiiij Jtilt,
Hard And Soft Coal.
Marquette, la. S. Michigan.
Richmond Store Co.
-Bif l#®ii-
Groceries, Crockery, &c. PALMER, MARQUETTE COUNTY, MICHIGAN,
>F. B. SPEAR & CO.o
MARQUETTt, MICH.
iD's DIRECTOIli OF MAItQUETTE COUNTY,
DR. J, t. DESJARDINS,
Pliislciiii tti Sipoi,
Above Old Post Office Place,
Front Street, MARQUETTE, Uich.
jpbr Consultation, address
P. O. Box 203,
Kesidence Cor. Third and Eock Sts.
Hoaedb,GoOgle
BEiRDS DIHECTORY OP MARQUETTE COUNTY. 61
Kilroy, Michael, laborer, boards Bluff, near (Jth.
King, Michael, shoemaker, Bluff, near Sd.
King, John, laborer. Lake, Lear rolling mill.
Kindlaw, James, proprietor Michigan House.
Kiriin, John, laborer, Michigan House.
Kluman, Carl, clerk, Spring, near Front.
Klueg, Heury, laborer, Washington, near 5th,
Knightly, Robert, laborer, corner and Superior.
Knox, Tbonias, plasterer, corner Lake and Superior.
Koch, August, saloon. Front street.
Kreger, Peter, stonecutter, 3d, near Washington.
Krerjausen, James, corner 4th and Washington.
Krumer, J. proprietor Marquette House.
Kuhlman, August, grocer, corner Washington and 3d.
Kuhlmaa, Gustav, clerk, corner Washington and 3d.
Kuhlman & HotOp, grocers, corner Washington and Third-
LABATT, Joseph, explorer. Bluff, near Lake. La Dross, Antony, teamster. Bluff; near 4th. Lake Superior Iron Co. S. P. Ely, Secretary and Treasurer.
Lake Superior Building Company.
Lake, H. N. clerk at Pendell & Beatty's.
Lake Superior Powder Company, C. H. Call, Sec'y.
Laraore, Lewis, carpenter, Washington, west of 7th. Lamar, Ed. machinist, Washington, near 4th. Lamson, James, laborer, boards Michigan House. Lang, John E. R. boards Washington, near 3d. Landrie, Charles, brakeman, corner 4th and Washington. Larson, John, laborer. Travellers' Home. Ijarson, S. F. boarding house, Superior, near Front. Larson, Jacob E. tailor, boards corner Spring and 3d. Larasha, Joe, saloon. Front, near Superior. Iarashiel, S. laborer, Fisher, near 4th. Lamed, Thomas H. agent Collins mine. Coles' House. Larry, Patrick, laborer, 3d, near Lake.
„
b2 BK4RD'S DIRECTORY OF MABQUErrE COUNTY.
liftwler, John, brakenian, 4th, near Washington.
Lawler, Patrick, brakeman, Rock, near 5th.
Lawton, Ed, lather, boarJs Michigan House.
La Plant, Peter, flagman, Blufi;. near 5th.
Lapland, John, carpenter, Washington, west of 7th,
Laxsen, V. laborer, Superior, near Front.
Leary, Thomas, laborer, Superior, near 3ii.
LeFavour, H corner Fourth and Washington.
LeFavour, Lucien, bralteman, corner 4th and Washington,
Lehnen, Frederick, tinner, 4th, near R. R.
Lenhald, Peter, furnaceman, Washington, near 3d.
L*8perine, J. brakeman, corner 4th and Washington.
Letoring, Oscar, laborer, Superior, near Front.
Levj', L M. & Co. merchant tailors and clothiers, Nation
Bank Building and Cole's Block. Levy, S. M. res. Ridge, near Front. Levelet, C laborer, Hampton, near rolling mill. Lewis, J. C. surveyor. Ridge, near 4th. Lewis, J. G. explorer, Washington, near 5th, Lewis, N. B. explorer, Washington, near 5th. Liberty, Godfrey, teamster, Washington, bet. Front and 3d. Libby, William D, carpenter, Washington, west of 7th. Lieb & Ritchie, saloon, Front street. Lissort, F. laborer, Eidge, near 4th. Lightfuss, Charles, boards Tibbitt's House. Litchfield, Geo. T. brakenian, boards Franklin House. LobdelJ, A. -J. teamster, Washington, near 3d. Lobdell, 8. B. carpenter, between Bluff and 3d. Lodge, George, laborer, boards Franklin House. Long, Hiram, tinner, Rock, near 3d. London, Charles, laborer, Huperior, near Front. Longtime, Oliver, boarding house, Superior, near Front, Longtime, Ezra, laborer, Lake, near Furnace. Loork, Peter, laborer, boards at Brown & DeRush's. Lowe, William F shoemaker, Fisher, near 3d. Ludlam, J. L., M. H. & O. Land Office, boards N. W. Hotel. Luke, Jamea, miner, Ridge, near water works.
„
BlSAl.D'S BIKEOTOBY OS SIAIWOETTE COCKTV.
llisii PliUi
PEBEMA-N & BRO., Prop's.
Camaps,BlPSJ Sale Horses
To Let At Reasonable Bates.
-"JiLfKi-.'-B.nK, Marquette, Mich.
their wants can be. fully
Hoaedb,GoOglC
6i BEAHd',S rUKKCTORY OF MAIlQUErrE COUNTY.
Henry L. Gay & Co.
Of above, priih. JwiUpaI i ,i
Ocity Of Marquette. Co
Henry L, Qay,
' Lasaile Street, CBICAGO, Ml.
-Prepared For—
Public Buildings, Churches, School Houses, Hotels, and Private Residences.
orricE, WATsoir block,
Marquette, Michigan.
Hoaedb,GoOgle
beard's directory op mabquette countv. 65
Lundtrom, Charles, proprietor Goodenougb House.
Lutzie, H. G, printer, Ridge, near 4th.
Lynn, Col. B, F. H. mining editor Mining Journal, bds. Summit
House. Lyon, Farnham, proprietor North Western. Lyons, H. D. car builder, Bridge, near Blaker.
M
MACY, Joseph, laborer, Washington, near 7th. Mauy, Tim. carpenter, Washington, near 7th, Macy, James, brakernan, corner 4th and Bluff. Mackey, James, brakernan, corner 7th and Superior. Machts, A. grocer, old P. 0. block, res. corner Front and
Fisher. Mack, John, laborer, corner 4th and Fisher. Mack, John, contractor, corner Washington and Front, Maciway, Walter, brakeman, Washington, near 4th. Mahan, W. A. engineer, Washington, near 5th. Maher, Kudias, laborer, BiufF, near 7lh. Mahon, William, furniture, Spruce. ISahon & Wyckoff. furniture. Masonic building. Mahony, John, laborer, corner Front and Spring. Main, Eph. laborer, Lake, near Bluff. Main, Madison, fireman, Luke, near Bluff.
Maitland, Fred, book-keeper Mining Journal, bds. Summit Honse Malburg, William, teamster, Washington House. Mailman, A. J, clerk, Front street. Mallory, James, blacksmith, Superior, near 5th. Mallory, Pat. machinist, Superior, near 5th. Mancher, Louis, laborer, corner 3d and Washington. Mander, Andrew, butcher, comer 3d and Washington. Manhard, M. R. clerk, corner Front and Arch.
Mapes, , attorney, Arch.
Marey, Pat. laborer, Superior, near Front.
Vlarine Boiler Works, D. H. Merritt, J. C. Morse & James
Picands, Lake Street,
66 BEARD S DIEECTOKV OF MAItQUETTE COUNTY.
MariaD, P. comer Fourth and Bluff.
Marks, Aug. brewer, corner 3d and Spring.
Marquette, Houghton & Ontonagon E. R., D. H. Merritt, Sup't.
Marquette, Houghton & Ontonagon R. R. Telegraph Line, D. H.
Merritt, Superintendent. Marquette & Pacific Rolling Mill, Lake st. Marquette Iron Co, L C. General Agent. Marquette Brown Stone Co. Sidney Adams, Managing
Director. Marquette Coal Co. James Picands, Agent. Mrtran, Ed. brakeraan, corner 4th and Washington. Marlin, W. R. printer. National House Martin, Robert, clerk. Arch, near Spruce. Martin, Henry, First National Bank, Ridge, near Cedar. Marx, Aug, grocer, Fisher, near Front, Masters, Alex, brakeman, corner 4th and Washington. Mason, James, blacksmith, boards at Brown & DeRust's. Mathews, Thomas, brakeman, Washington, near 6th. Mathews, Abe, explorer, 4th, near Ridge. Maxon, Natlian, carpenter, Washington, near 7th. May, William, upholsterer, Washington, near 7th. Maynard, M. H. Manager Gas Light Co. and Martiuette
Brown Stone Co., Sec'y Huron Bay Slate and Iron Co.
Office, over Stafturd'a, res. Ridge. McAndrew, B. laborer, bds. Michigan House, McAndrew, Thomas, clerk, boards Bluff, near 3d. McAllum, John T. clerk, Arch street, McAllister, George, book-keeper. Spruce street, McArren, Tim, laborer, Superior, near Front. McBride, —, saloon. Lake, near roiling mill. McConnell, D. A. clerk. Spruce street McConnell, Waither, farmer, corner Front and Bluff.
McCarty, , carpenter,- Washington, west of 7th.
McCarty, William, laborer, Hampton, near rolling mill. McCarty, John, laborer, Superior, near Front. McCarthy, John, printer. Journal office. McChesney, John, carpenter, corner Front and High.
„
beard's dieectorv op marqOette county, 67
C. M. W. Earle,
-Dealer In-
Leaner aii Fiifliigs.
Mamq Uette, Ishpeming,
Adama' Block. Fendill'a Block.
Lake Superior, Mich.
Hoaedb,GoOglc
BEAltliS DIUEClOliY OF MAUQUETTf; i:OUNTY.
WETMORE ti BRO.
—Dealers In—
Staple and Fancy
eoO'BS,
Groceries, Provisions,
Adams Block,
Pips, &. S.,
Goods Shipped on Order to any part of the County.
Hoaedb,GoOgle
BEAltDrS HIRECTORY OF MARQUETTE COL'NTV.
McCabe, Johu, blacksmith, Fisher, near Front. McC'Drmick, William, fireman, Rock, near 3d. McCiain, Pat, brakemar,, Michigan House, MeComber Iron Co. Jay C. Morse, Agent. McDonald, Allen, carpenter, corner High and Mich. McDonald, William, carpenter, corner High and Mich. McDonald, John, engineer. Bluff, near 5th. McDonald, M. P. carpenter, Ridge, near water works. McDonald, William, laborer, Michigan House. McDonald, Murdiet, carpenter, corner 5th and Wash, McFarland, John, Bluff, near 3d. McFarland, Charles, printer, Journal olfiee. McGregor, H. C. Arch, east of Front.
McGregor, Jason, asst. supt. P. E. R., res. Front, near Ridgi McGuDn, John, Carpenter, 6th, near Bluff. McGilbony, Malcolm, laborer, 5th, near Bluff, McGilliman, teamster, Bluff, near 4th. Mclnnea, Neil, laborer, corner High and Arch. Mcintosh, William, carpenter, Bluff, near 4th. McKenzie, Henry, hemlock bark extractor. Ridge street. McKinnon, Donald, laborer, 6tli, near Wash. McKinnon, John, mill hand, 6th, near Wash. McKinnon, Pieii, carpenter, 6th, near Wash. McKinnon, Alex carpenter, 6th, near Wash, McKinnon, Archibald, clerk, 6th, near Wash. McKinley, Robert, explorer, 4th near Ridge. McKoy, Alex. laborer. National House. McLaughlin, Henry, laborer, Fisher, near Sth. McLaughlin, T. laborer, comer Front and Spring. McLain, C, mason, corner Washington and 4th, McLain, Henry, weigher's office, Washington, west of 7th. McLain, Daniel, raachimst, Washington, west of 7th. McMercer, James, boiler maker. McMaher, lime burner. Rock, nSar 4th. McNamara, T. boarding house. Spring, near Front. McNamara, John J, carpenter, Michigan, near High. McNab, C. engineer, corner Washington and 6th,
70 BEARDS DIRECTOItY OF MARQUETTE COUNTY.
McNulty, John, grocer, corner FroDt and Mich.
McNulty, James, laborer, corner Front and Mich.
McNulty, Mathew, laborer. Arch street.
McPheraon, Peter, laborer, Superior, near 4th.
McPhersoD, Alexander, laborer, boards ivith .T. W. Watson.
McQuay, William, clerk, Sd, near Blntf.
McRae, James, Bluff, near 6th.
McRae, James, Jr. blacksmith. Bluff, near 6th.
McRae, W. B. clerk.
McVean, John, yardmaster, comer 3d and Wash.
SleadB, T. variety store. Front, near Superior, boards Cole's
House. Meer, M. laborer, corner Washington and 5th. Megan, C. laborer, Bluff, near 5th. Meban, John, laborer, Arch. Melody, James, blacksmith, Superior, near 3d. Miller, N. brakeman, corner 4th and Washington. Merrelt, William, laborer, Travellers' Home. Merrett, Alf. brakeman, corner 5th and Washington. Merrett, Frank, cierb at Pendill & Beatty's. Merrett, D. H. Superintendent M. H & 0. R. E., res. corner
Front and Ridge. Messc, Joseph, Washington, near 7tb.. Messer, Isaac, brakeman, Washington, near 7th. Meyer, Herman, tailor, Fisher, near Front. Michalowsky, Louis, dry goods, Superior, near Front. Michigan House, J. Kindlaw, proprietor. Micule, Mitchel, carpenter, Washington, bet. 4th and 5th. Miller, Robert, laborer, corner Washington and Fourth. Miller, Pat. plasterer, (Jentral House. Miller, Fred, laborer, corner 3d and Washington. Mills, Henry, fisherman. Ridge, near water works. Miner, D. laborer, Hampton near 3d. MINING JOURNAL CO. Moffat, Cliem, laborer, Superior near 5th. Mollen, William, laborer, National House. Mollen, Michael, laborer. National House.
„
i DIRECTORY OF MARQUETTE COUNTY. 71
Specimens, Curiosities,
General Merchandise
Museum And Vaeiety
Hoaedb,GoOgle
Tat S. Wyckoff.
Mitiiufiictiirers of ami Dealers i
Upholstery,
House Furnishing Goods,
Office Furniture A Specialty.
Masonic Building, Front Street,
Marquette, Michigan.
Hoaedb,GoOgle
BKARDtS UIKECiTOia' OP MAKQUETTE COUNTY. IJ
MINING JOURNAL, a first-class 12-shet paper, of large circulation. Subscription, $3.00 per year. A very superior advertising Main street.
Moore, W. J. clerk, Washington, near Front.
Moore, T. H. havher, waiter Cole's House.
Moore, Terance, V M. res. Superior, near Cathedral.
Moore, Frank, carpenter, 6th, near Bluff.
Moore, Frank, county clerk, 4th, nwar Bluff.
Moran, M. laborer. Superior, near Front.
Moran, John, moulfler, corner 7th and Ridge,
Moran, Mike, laborer, Superior, near Front
Moran, FA. i.-iborer, Superior, near Front.
Morgan, Philij), sup't water works, res. Hampton, near 3d.
Morgan, John, pnddier, Hampton, near School.
Morgan, Thomas, carpenter, Superior, near 3d.
Morgan Iron Co. W. P. Kly, See'y and Treasurer.
Moriarty, Thomas, plninber, corner Fisher and 4th.
MorJarty, John, painter. corner Fisher and 4th.
Morrison, Charles, shoemaker, corner 3d and Superior.
Morse, Mrs. M. E., Ridge, cast of Front.
Morse, J. C. agent McCumber Iron Co., Bluff, near
Front. Mosher, Alex, laborer, Washington, bet. 3d and 4th- Mosher, James E. teamster, 3d, near Arch. Moussarr, Frank, carpenter, Superior, near 3d. Mowers, William, carpenter, corner Washington and 5Lh. Moyer, Joseph, laborer, Sujwrior, near 3d. Muland, Thomas, carpenter, corner 5th and Washington. Mulligan, Alvin, brakeman, Ridge, near 7tli. Mulligan, Henry, carpenter. Ridge, near 7th. Monday, Sam. teamster, corner 4th and Bluff. Munroe, Benjamin, teamster, Fisher, near Front Munroe, C. clerk at Pendill & Beatty's. Murdock, Henry, boiler maker. Lake, near Bluffi Murphy, Dan. clerk, boards at Summit House. Murphy, John, laborer, Ridge, near 3d. Murray, David, grocer. Ridge, near Blaker.
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74 BEAKD'h niEiX!TOEY OF MAIIQUETTB COUNTY,
Murray & Bobbins, grocers, WatsoD block.
Murray, Cyrille, laborer, 4th, near Bluff.
Murtha, Pat. boarding house, Superior, near Front.
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NAEHR, F. P. proprietor Summit House. Nail, Sanford, fisherman, Bluff, near 4th. Neals, L. M. blacksmith, bds. Brown &. DeRush. Negengast, Fred, mason, Bluff, near 5th. Neidham, L. B. Lake, nearBiuff.
Neidhart, B. hardware. Front, near Superior, res. Washington, near 4th. Nelson, James, Arch, east of Front. Nelson, Gust, miner, corner 6th and Bluff. Nelson, Peter, laborer, Washington, near Sd. Nelson, N, laborer, Superior, near Front. Nelson, Ole, laborer, Michigan House. Newman, John, carpenter, Superior, near 3d. Nido, Peter, brakeman, Washington, near 7th. Nielson, James, wholesale cigars and liquor-s, Main, near Front. Nillson, John, laborer, Superior, near Front. Noble, H. W. foreman R. R., corner Washington and Third. Nobles, Henry, corner 4th and Bluff. Nonner, Andrew, laborer, corner 3d and Rock. Norman, Peter, laborer, Superior, near Front. Northrup, G. J. physician. Ridge, near Blaker. Norval, Freeman, Cole's House, Northwestern Hotel, Farnham Lyon, proprietor.
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OAK, Geoie W. explorer. Keystone House. Oakes, James, blacksmith, corner 6th and Bluftl Oakea, Daniel, blacksmith, comer 6th and Bluff. O'Brien, John, teamster, Fisher, near 4th, O'Brien, William, laborer, Rock, near 5th.
EEABe's DIBECTOBV of MARQUETTE Col NTY. 75
—Dealer In—
Fashionable
Dress Goods,
C3-IjOVES,
Hair Goods,
Etc., Etc
Fr©nt Street, §ppgite Coles Hense,
Marquette, Mich
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76 beard's directory of MARQUETTE cot-nty.
John W. Amphlett.
J. E. Guii.Bault-
John W. Amphlett &. Co.,
F -Ile Iiraleks
I'i TKii
Ape.
Hajgiig Tasis,
S3 JEFFEItSOIV JWETVUE,
Detroit, Mich.
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BEAIiD S DIUECTOKY OF MARQUETTE CUL'NTY. 77
O'Day, Pat. laborer, Travellers' Home.
Oglesby, George A. gas fitter, Spruce.
O'Hara, John, laborer, Travellers' Home.
O'KeefFe, George, Justice of the Peace, Watson block, res. corner
4th and Superior. O'Kief, M. laborer, Travellers' Home. O'Kief, Pat. proprietor Tavellers' Home. Olcott, H. Superintendent Co. Schools, res. corner Front and
Bluff. Olds, Mortimer, res. water works. O'Leary, John, laborer, Washington, near 7th. Oleson, John, laborer, Superior, near Front. Oiesoii, Ole, laborer, corner Bluff and 3d. O'Mara, Pierce, laborer. Rock, near 5th. O'Mara, M. laborer, Travellers' Home. O'Niel, 0. laborer, Hampton, near roiling mill. O'Neil, Hugh, deputy collector. Burst Bros.' building. O'Neil, Pat. laborer, Franklin House. N'Neil, Mich, laborer, Superior, near 3d. O'Neil, Jerry, Franklin House.
O'Neil, William, blacksmith, corner 5th and Washington. O'Neil, John, laborer. Bluff, near 5th. C'Neil, Mathew, blacksmith, corner Washington and 7th, Orschel, Herman, clerk, Eidge, near Front. Osborn, C. Y. manager Mining Journal, boards Cole's House. Osborne, Albert, telegraph operator, Washington, near 3d. Ondotte, John, boatkeeper. Lake, near Bluff. Owens, George, proprietor Central House. Oxnan, W. B. cabinet maker, Washington, near 6th. Oiville, picture framer, Washington, near 6th.
PAISLEY, , foreman R. R., Washington, bet. 3d and 4th. Palmer, J. Dwight, Northern Iron Company, Arch. Palmer, E. B. civil engineer. Ridge, near 3d, Palmer, Leander, Arch, east of Front.
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7o BEARDS DIEECrORY OF MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Parker, James, fisherman. Lake, near Superior,
Parks & Haydeii, attorneys, over Stafford's.
Parks, W. H. attorney. Arch street
Paro, Angeline, laundress, Michigan, east of Front.
Parry, John, brakeman, 4th, near Bluff.
Patneau, Tim. laborer, 4th, near Eock.
Patterson, J. H. clerk. Cedar.
Patterson, W. foundry, Arch.
Patterson, William, explorer. Keystone House.
Patterson, C shoemaker, boards at T. P. Brimacombe's.
Payette, 8. laborer, corner 4th and Bluff.
Pearson, A. laborer, Superior, near Front.
Peck, , clerk, boards Treinont House.
Pecket, G. W. carpenter. Keystone House.
Pelliser, Ame de, brakeman, corner 4th and Bluff.
Pendergart, , painter, 5th, near Bluff.
Pendill & Beatty, general st>,re, Superior, near Front,
Pengelly, William, laborer. Bluff, near 6th.
Peninsular House, Charles ithet, proprietor.
Peterson, Nelson, boarding house, Fisher, near 3d.
Peterson, M. laborer, corner 3d and Superior.
Peterson, W. carpenter, Keystone House.
Phelan, John, Bluff, near 4th.
Philip, J. W. laborer, Franklin House.
Ficauds, Jas. & Co. heavy hardware, corner Superior f
Lake. Picands, James, hardware, res. corner Bluff and Front. Picands, J. D., Arch, east of Front, Pierce, George, moulder. Lake, near Bluff. Pine, William, explorer, 3d, near Washington, Pine, John, brakeman, 3d, near Washington. Place, Hiram, brakeman, 'Bluff, near 6th. Place, William, laborer, Superior, near Front, Plumb, Charles, laborer, Franklin House, Pomeroy, Charles, fireman, corner 5th and Washington. Potter, Heniy, tailor, Washington, near 3d. Porter, John, grocer, Washington, near 7th.
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beard's DIUECTOliy OF MAUQUETTE COITNTY. 79
FIIKE, liLAMME AWD MFE
Tlie Liverpool, LondoD and Gobe Insurance <Jompanies.
Assets -. --. - -818,500,000
The Detroit Fire and Marine InsuraDce Company, of Detroit, Mich.
Assets 8270,000
The Traveler's Life and Accident Insurance Company of Hartford, Conn.
Assets - 81,500,000
The Phtenix Insurance Company, of Hartford, Conn,
Assets 81,800,000
The Home Insurance Company of New York,
Assets 85,000,000
The North British and Mercantile Inusurance Company,
The Underwriter's Agency of New York.
Assets 84,000,000
The -Etna Insurance Company of Hartford, Conn.
The Insurance Company of North Ameriea, of Philadelphia.
Assets- — 13,000,000
The Hartford Fire Insurance Company of Hartford, Conn.
Assets 82,600,000
The Connecticut Mutual Life Ins. Company of Hartford, Conn
Assets 830,000,000
The Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York.
Assets. $40,000,000
The Universal Life Insurance Company of New York. Assets - - _—8800,000
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80 BKABUV DIHECTOItY OF MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Ihcoeporated Ttkder Tee Laws Of The State Of Hichioak.
Aiitiiomeii Capital, $500,000. Capital paid in, $200,0
Marquette, Mich.
Transact A Gkneral
Banking and Exchange Business.
AMBROSE CAMPBELL, Pres'l. J. M. WILKINSOK, Cash'r
EDWARD BREITUNG, Vice Pres'l. FBED. M. STEELE, Aee't
PARTICULAR ATTENTION QiVEN TO COLLECTIONS,
And proceeils promptly remitted at the (current ratesof excliaoge, on day of payment,
We sell Passage 2"tickets to and Jt-om the Old Country by the Javorite Lines.
-Also-
Drafts ©M All Farts of tliie
A T TUB ZO yfJSST 7iA 2'BS.
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beard's directory of MARQUETTE COUNTY. Si
Porter, John, fruits, etc.. Front, near Arch.
Post, John, 4th, near Bluff.
Edmund, Arch, near Cedar.
Powell, Edmund, jr. laborer, Cedar, near Arch.
Pratt, James, laborer, boards at Brown & DeRush's.
Prentis, Allen, carpenter. Rock, near 3d.
Preston & Mnore, barbers, corner Front and Superior.
Preston, E. A. millinery, Front, near Washington.
Preston, G., barber, National Hotel.
Price, Joseph, carpenter, 7th, near Rock.
FrimeaU) J. H- city recorder, r&s. Superior, bet 3d and 4th.
Primeau, Antoine, Bluff, near Front.
Primeau, Peter, clerk. Bluff, near Front.
PrObert, John, brakeman, Michigan House.
Prouls, A. clerk, Superior, near 4th,
Proulx, Albert, clerk, Superior, near Court House.
Pryor, Pat. boiler maker. Lake, near Bluff.
Pynn, Arnold, switchman, Washington, near 7th.
Pynn, Gfeorge, switchman, Washington, near 7th.
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QUARTER, John, Rock, near 3d. Quinn, Henry, shoemaker, Superior, near 3d. Quinn, Pat. laborer, Superior, near Front. Quinn, Ed., Genesee, near 3d. Quinn, I., Genesee, near 3d.
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RAGXTSETT, Henry, laborer, cor. Fourth and Washington. Rahn, Andrew, laborer, Superior, near Front. Rahn, Peter, laborer, Superior, near Front. Rahn, Carl, proprietor Peninsular House,
Ralph, , saloon, Lake, near rolling mill.
Raron, John, laborer, corner Spring and Front. Rayl, J. painter, corner 7th and Washington. Reed, Geo. W. livery, Superior, near Front.
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beard's dihectoby of marquette counts.
Eeedinger, Juhn, stock dealer, corner Front and Superior.
Reediiiger, L., meat market, curtier Front and Superior.
Reese, O. M. engineer, corner 6th and Wasliiiigton.
Regan, John, laborer, Michigan House.
Reid, F. T. boards with E. B Palmer.
Eeiley, F. laborer, corner Spring and Front.
Republic Iron Co.. S. P. Ely, Secretiiry and Treasurer, Sujierior street.
Rese, Joseph, ship carpenter, Superior, near 5th.
Rese, Alexander, ship carpenter, Superior, near 5th.
Reynolds, Michael, laborer, Superior, near Front.
Rheinhardt, Fred, laborer, Rock, near Front.
Rhodes, Henry C foreman R. R. dock, boards Tremont House. Rice, W. S. carpenter. Keystone House.
Rice, Rev Father, res. rear Cathedral.
Richards, Eld. engineer, Michigan, near Cedar,
Richards, Jerry, shoemaker, opposite M. H, & 0. R. R.
Richmond, Jatnes, sexton, 7th, north of Ridge.
Richter, (Iharles, saloon, res. Front, near Rock.
Rickels, George, watchman, Rock, near 3d.
Riddell, J. P. carpenter. Front, near Arch.
Rikey, John, laborer, Michigan House.
Ripka, A. A., general freight and shipping agent M. H, & O. R. R.
Risdon, E. B. saloon, Washington, near 4th.
Risdon Bros, lunch house, Superior, near Front.
Ris.on, Ed. corner 4th and Fisher.
Risdon, Dan. corner 4th and Fisher.
Risdon, — — , bartender, North Western.
ROBBINS, B. P. grocer, res. Arch.
Robinson, Alf captain tug Dudley, res. cor. AVashington and 3d.
Robinson, Thomas, ship carpenter, Superior, near 7th,
Rock, Samuel, laborer, boards at Brown & DeRush's.
Roe, John, tailor. Spring, near 3d.
Rogers, R. H. fish, fruits, etc.. Cole's block, res. corner Front
and Fisher. Rogers, N. W. machinist, Washington, uear 7th. Rohl, Charles, proprietor Peninsular House.
d's nmECTOKV of marquette county. 83
G-. W. Eeadle. Jas. T. Beadle.
Geo. W. Beadle &, Son,
Detroit, - - Mich.
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84 beard's directory of mabqxiette county.
LAKE f IIW MOUSE,
This Is A New And
-ST CLASS HOrSE,
e most Conven/eut Jor
Lake Superior Tourists.
Marquette, Micb
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BEAED's DIREOTOBY of MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Rollin, E. P. laborer, corner 3d and Superior. Ronan, Thomas, laborer, Hampton, near rolling mill. Roiiey, James, helper, corner Superior and 6th. Root, Mrs. E. A. widow. Bluff, near 5th. Rothschild, David, wines, etc.. Ridge, near Front Rose, James, stonecutter, Superior, near 3d. Rose, Samuel, stonecutter, Superior, near 3d. Rouse, Waiter, laborer, Spring, near Front. Row, John, tailor, Bluff, near 4th. Rowe, E. carpenter, Hampton, near School.
Ruddle, , plasterer, 3d, near Bluff.
Runquest, Otto, laborer, corner Superior and Sd. Rush, M, puddler, Lak*, near rolling mil!. Rushiiigton, S. laborer, 4th, near Rock, Rutherford, , porter at North Western Hotel.
SADLER, Anton, plasterer, 3d, near Bluff. Sageur, Morris, weigher, Superior, near 5tb. Salter, Ed. laborer, Washington, near 7th. Sang, David, steamboat owner, Superior, near 4th. Sang, James, carpenter, Superior, near 4th. Saunders, Charles, laborer, boards at Brown & DeRush's. Scher, Joseph, laborer, corner 4th and Bluff. Schloon, Mathew, laborer, Washington, uear 3d. Schott, Fred, clothing, res, cor. 3d and Bluff. Schott, N. corner 3d and Bluff. Schott & Co., clothiers. National Bank building. Schott, John, carpenter, 6th, near Bluff. Schrosky, E. laborer. National Hotel. Schuin, J. M. foreman, corner Washington and 3d, Schultz. Peter, brakeman, corner 4th and Michigan. Schultz, William, laborer, Washington, near 3d. Schnandt, John, moulder, Ridge, near 7th.
Schvensks, Henry, carpenter, Washington, between 4th and 5th. Schwartz, John, laborer, Rock, near 3d.
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Ot) HEAltDH DIRECrOHY OF MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Schwart/.by, John, laborer, corner 3d and Genesee.
ScOViUe & Johnson, hardware and gasfitting, Everett block.
Scovilie, David S. hardware, Front, near Bluff.
Seach, Wm, carpenter, Superior, near 3d.
Seach, John, plumber, Superior, near 3d.
Seager, James, general land Pgent, Adam.s' block, res. Bluff, near Front.
Seageni, Charlta, moulder, Michigan House.
Selander, John, laborer, Superior, near Front.
Scnnett, John, carpenter, Bluff, near 5th.
Seymour, William, mason, Washington, near 7th. Shabel, Henry, mason, 7th, near Bluff
Shahel, Joseph, printer, 7th, near Bluff
Shabel, John, mason, 7tli, near Bluff.
Shabel, John, jr. mason, 7tb, near Bluff.
Shambs, David, carpenter, Washington, near 7th.
Shanor, John, carpenter. Bluff, near Front.
Shanteleau, Felix, carpenter, Washington, neat 7tli.
Shave, Henry, laborer, Bluff, near 7th.
Shaw, A. 0., grocer, Washington, near 4th.
Sbcderick, John, plasterer, Superior, near 3d.
Sheffield, Myley, mason, Superior, near 3d.
Sheldon, L. H. chief engineer S. St. M. & M. R. R., Adams'
block, res. Ridge, near Cedar. Shepard, E. M. machinist, 3d, near Bluff. Shine, Harry, tinner, Sd, near Main. Shorty, Aug. brakeman, Bluff, near 4th. Shatboneau, I. laborer, Washington, near 7th. Shuron, Peter, jeweler, Supeiior, near 3d. Sick, William, laborer. Front, near Spring, Siegel & Bassee, proprietors National Hotel.
Seitz, , cook at North Western.
Siller, Louis, laborer, Franklin House. Simpson, William H. carpenter, 3d, near Washington. Simpson, Henry, carpenter. Keystone House. Slocum, W. W. carpenter, Washington, near 7th. Slyfield, Andrew, engineer, Washington, near 5th.
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beard's directory op MARQUETTE COUNTY. 87
Chas. E. Wright,
i £Xf£PT,
Will attend to the ExitminatioD of
And
Furnaces.
Reference Furnished on Application.
Liid Laboratory in Maj. Brooks' rooms, Adams Block, third floor, Front St., Marquette, Mich.
So BEABDS DIRECTORY OP MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Republic
Iron ©ompapiy.
Dealers in IroD Ore, and Proprietors of the
In Township 46, Range 29,
And of various other Iron Locations in Marquette County.
President, JONATHAN WARNER, Mineral Ridge, Ohio. Vice President, EDWARD BREITUNG, Negaunee, Mich. Secretary and Treasurer, SAMUEL P. ELY, Marquette, Mich.
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Small, R. L. clerk at iN'ortli Western.
Smalley, R. tart'dter, Micbigaii House.
Smith, Aiijr. lalwror, corner Micliigitii and 4tli.
Smith, Cliarlep, porter, corner Arch and 4tb.
Smitii, J. D , tclei'rjiph operator, American Express office.
Smitli, SebiLstian, saloon, Hampton, near 3il.
Smith, Tliomas, clerk, It.-ck, near ;.I.
Smith, Tliomas, blackMnilli. Snpcnor, near S.l
Smith, Thnma tini.-hcr, Rock, near :!,!.
Smith, Win. lahorer, Washington, betwccJi 4th aiul 5th,
Smith, \V. A. carpenter, corner Hi.ige ami 4th,
Smilli, Williani. laborer, Michigan House.
Smith, William, shoemaker, Bluli; near :W.
Smitii, Wm. A. hiiiiiter, Siijierhir, opposilc jail.
Horel, (Jtiorge, laborer, Washington, near 6lii.
Sin'el, John, laborer, Itidfre, near 6th.
S.iwaKt, George, brakeman, Washington, near 7th.
Sowa,-<t, Thoimis, laborer, Wasliington, near 7th.
Sparrow, John, lilaeksmith, Keystone Ifonse.
Sparrow, Kiehar.l, mason, Washington, near Front.
Spanning, John, sp enhif.r, eorner iii.ige and ;ki.
Spear, J. W. fonvartling, Ulnff, near Front.
Spear, V. H, commission i.merchant, Biaker, near Ridge.
Spear, F. B, & . forwarding and comnLlssion, steamboat agents,.
Lake, near Superior. Spencer, Leroy. sa.hitler. Front street. . Spencer, L. m". harness, Froiil, near Michigan. Spencer, Ripley, marble cutter, near Washington. John, laborer, eorner ;!d and Washington. Stafford, H. H. drugfiist, Adams' block, res, corner Biaker
and KUlge. Stake, Jotin, laborer. 4th, near Miohigan. Suiiley. Alf. blacksmith, Washington, near 4th- Steed, George, carpenter, corner 5th and Michigan. Steele, Andrew, engineer, Fisher, near 4th, Steele, Fred. M, asst, cashier City Bank, res. Ridge, near Cedar.
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Steywiller, L. jeweler, Front, near Cole's House, hoards Cole's
House. Steinbach, Peter, clerk at Pcndill & Beatty's. Stewart, T. J. carpenter, Superior, near 3d. Htevens, William, clerk with Pendill A Beatty. Stevens, John, puddler. Hampton, near School. St. Louis?, E. laborer, Ridge, near 4tli. Stone, Win. E. clerk, boards Cole's House.
Htonlaud. , mason, Superior, near Front.
Stowe, L. J. book-keeper, boai-iis Summit House.
Strange, J. res. Bluff, near 5th.
Stratton, Clark, sup't Carp, furnace, ns. corner Wabhington and
Front. Strong, S. A. laborer. Bluff, near 5th.
Stuck, C. T. architect, Waison bl.,c-k, tiiii, near Western. Styles, John, plasterer, Central House. Styl*-a, James M. explorer, Washington, Jiear 5th. Sullivan, John P. labonT, FisI.e:-, near 4t,i. Sullivan, Pat. laborer, Superior, near ;hl. Sullivan, Hugh, laborer, Superior, near 3d Sullivan, Levi, laborer, Superior, near Front. Sullivan, Con. laborer, Franklin House. Sullivan, Daniel, laborer, High street. Kullivan, James, laborer, Washington, near 7th. Sullivan, Thomas, carpenter. Ridge, near 7th. Sullivan, Pat. laborer. Ridge near 7th. Sullivan, .Tohn, telegraph operator. Bluff, near 6th. Sullivan, .John, laborer, corner 3d and Hampton. Superior House, M. Johnson, proprietor. Surrey, George, laborer, Washington, between 6th and 6th. Sutherlan.l, William, laborer, corner High and Michigan. Sutton, David, carpenter, Washington, between 5th and 6th. Swanson, G. laiiorer, corner 3d and Superior. SWinneford, A. P. ed. Mining Journal, bds North Western. Swit'i, Eugene A., carpenter, Siiperior, near 5th. Sweeney, James, pressman, Washiiigion street. Sweitzer, L. boarding house, Front and Spring.
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BEAEll'rt DIREOTOUV OK XrAUQURlTK <'(nrSTY. 91
Champion
Eealers In Iron Ores,
From Their
Atohampion. Marquette Co..
Unini! Iimi'Osit.S Of Both
ilACKJlSMC I SFjECIilLAR ORES,
OF GEEAT PUKITV, And Proprietors of olhur Iron Locufions in fhat vicinity.
"Sostbii, Muss. Mitrquette, Jtfic//.
Hoaedb,GoOgle
92 UEAltD'tt DIRECTOliV OF AIAUIJUKXTE (!{)l"NTY.
The Maiquette
Oenlei's in
iMfiitt if it ft ttf
Wroin their Mine.'i at
3WLIGH:iC3-A3Sr.
JOHN OUTHWAITE. Presiilciit, Olevdand, Oliio. SAMUEL L. MATHEK, Secretary itmi Tr*-as., Clevel JAY C. MOKSE, General Agent, Marquette, Mich.
Hosted byGoOglC
BEA.RD S DIliECTORY OF MARQUETTE (
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TACH, Frank, machinist, Washington, near 7t!i. Taft, H. S. plij-siciiin, over Stafford's, r. Wash, ne Tart, H. F. physician, Spring, near Front, Tiiiler, Gi*te.,n, i.Uoksiiiitli, Waslii.igCi.n, near 4th. Tavlor, J. F. clerk, 3il uear Waeliiiigton. Taylur, A. li, Iwuk-keeper, Lake, near -Superior, Taylor, John, car|)enter, Superior, near Sd, Taylor, H. C. corner Washington and 3d. Tenney, Will, machinist, 3d, near Bluff. Tilson, James, carpenter, Spring, near Front. Tlielender, Oscar, laborer, corner 3d and Superior, Thiell, Alex. 0, yardmaster M. 0. & H. R. R. 4th, iie: Thomas, Henry, iaborer, Michigau House. Thompson, H. S. Prof, music, Spruce, near Areh. -
Thompson, Carpenter, 5th, near Bluff.
Thompson, Geo. carpenter. Spring, near Front. Tobin, John, clerk, Superior, near 4th. Toby, Wm, upliolsterer, Washington, near 7th. Todd, Kobt. R carpenter, 3d, near Bluff. Toner, Thomas, engineer, 4th, near R. R. Tony, John, mason, 30, near Bluff. Tony, Mike, mason, Superior, near 4th. Torrence, Samuel, laborer, Lake, near rolling mill. Tudi, L laborer, Hampton, near rolling mill. Turber, Frank, laborer, Washington, near 3d. Travense, TIiob. laborer, Bluff, near 3d. Traveuse, Rich. R, R. office, Bluff, near 3d. Travense, Mat. blacksmith. Bluff, near 3d, Treniont House, H. H. Hunt, prop. Superior. Trethevy, J. E. painter. Ridge, near 4th. Trethcvy,.Gleo. moulder, Kidge, near 4th. Trethevy, John, carpenter. Ridge, near 4th, Trim, Chas. blacksmith, Washington, near 7th.
Trombly, laborer, corner 4th and Bluff.
Truckey, Felix, Rock, near 4th,
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94 Beards Directory Of Marquette County.
Trudeau, And. bi-akeiiian, corner 4th aii.i Bluff. Treloar, Titos, poliueiiian, Superior, near 4tli. Treloar, Win. maker, Superijr, near 4tli.
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LRICH, (.iln.. laliorer, Bhiff, uear otl.. latin,-er, Bliilf. lieu .",th. Ured, Phillip, lilauksiiiiih, H.], near Bluff
VALE, John, lalwrer, Fisher, near 4th. Van I.!rstinp, J„hn J. machinist, Mich. St.. Van Idurstiue, Oiiai. carpenter. Ridge, near 4th. Van Iderstine, J. P. carpenter, 5ili, near Bluff. Van Ness, Jas. Ridge, near 4tii. Varmann, A. lahorer, corner !id and Supi-rior. Veiieau, T. brakeman, corner 4lli and Wash. Verron, F. I), carpenter, corner Fisher und Front. Vierling, Martin, Cleveland Vuse, Robert, laborer, Bluff, near 5th,
W
WAGNER, Herman, laborer, Frot, near Spring. Wagner, Geo. builder, Front, near Wasbington. Walker, Charles, carpenter, 4th, near Front. Walker, Francis, carpenter, Superior, near Walker, Kicbard, plasterer, Superior, near Front. WaltK, Samuel, mason. Bluff, near 6tb. Wallace, Morris, laborer, corner 3d and Superior. Ward & Webb, musical merchandise, Wasbington, opp.
Coles House. Ward, Coiinell, Summit House.
Ward, JnO. E. real estate and mining lands, bds. N. West'ji. Warner, Peter, boarding bouse. Front street. Warner, Cha.s. painter, Bluff, near Tjtb.
llKAIl]/ UIKI';<;T01il' OK MAIilJlJEl'TK liOUM'i'.
|ftt Hawing §0'.
Jfi'FMM TTiEIK MINUS
At Ishpeming,
President and Treasurer, SAM. L. MATHER. Cleveland, O. Vice President, JOHN OUTHWAITE, Cleveland, Ohio. Secretary, FRED A. MOORE, (.leveJiind, Ohio. General Agent, JAY C, MORSE, Marijuette, Michigan.
Hosted byGoOgle
BEAIili'H Of MAIiyUKT'l'l''. COIISTY,
Wasmig-Toi
Tliis iiiiii.; aiia .oll their wull-kiiown, exfulleut
IRON ORKa
From Thkik Mines In
TOWNSHIP 17 HOKTH, SAM&B 37 WEST, HEAE HUKSOLT, lUSOUETTE COITUTT.
President, JOSEPH S. FAY, Boslnn, Mass.
Vice President, EDWARD BREITUNG. Negaunee, Midi.
Secretary and Treas., SAMUEL P. ELY, Marquette, Mich.
Hosted byGoOglC
IlllCTOIlY OF MAUQUETTE COUNTY.
War, Peter, helper, Bluff, near Lake.
Washington Iron Co., H. i'. Ely, ptea't.
HiHi.-e, Trei Trii.lrek. pnjp.
Washer, Chas. clerk, Wa-shingtun, bet. 6th and 7tli.
Wataoii, E. M. Litke street, near Furnace.
Wa-soii, Geit. Lake, near Furnace.
Watson, .1, W. Lake, iieai Furnace.
Watson, J. W. & Son, general merehandizc, Watson Bl'k.
Watt, Thi. hihi.rer, Wiisliington, near 4th.
Wehh, James, machinist, Washington near 6tli.
Weber, B. clerk, at Poinlell & Beatty's, Wash, south of 7th.
Weiss, Henry, bartender, Snniniit House.
Welch, Pat, laborer, rfuptrior, near Front.
Westlake A Brown, general store. Front, ojip. Coles House.
Westlake, A. fj. Wiishington, bet. and 4th.
Wertiiian, M. laborer, Superior, near Front.
Wetmore, W. L Pies't M. AS. 8t. M. & M. R R. Prop. M. .& M. Tel. Line. Pres't MnnissLng Co Pres't Huron Bay relate and Iron Co. Pres't Huron Buy Iron and Siate Co, General Manager N. Y. Iron Mine. Office Adams Block.
Wetmore, F. P. re. Ilidge street, near Cedar.
Wetmore & Brc, dry goods. Front street.
Wetmore, L. Arch, east of Front.
Wetmore, R. C. clerk, ods. witii F. P. Wetmore.
Werner, Jno. plasterer, Washington, near 3d.
Weston, Robert, Washington, near 5th.
Wheaton. W. W. Treasurer and General Agent Beecher
Furnace and Maniuette Mill. Wheutley, Jas. laborer, near Front. Wheeler, Frank, carpenter, Blaff, near Front. White, Peter, Pres't 1st JSfat. Bank, Ridge, near Cedar. White, Mrs. M. widow, 3d, near Bluff. White, Ripley, printer, 5th, near Bluff. White, George, laborer, Traveler's Home. White, Martin, laborer. Front, near Spring. Whiting, I. policeman, Washington, near 4th.
„
)a BEAltDH UIBECTORY OF MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Whitlaw, J. M. book-keeper, bds. Northwestern.
Whies, J. W. laborer. National Hotel.
Whitley, Jas. sup't dock. Bluff, near 4tb.
Whitman, L. Arch, east of Front,
Willinan, Dietrich, laborer. Rock, near 5th.
Williams, Thos, laborer, Michigan House.
Williams, Geo. laborer, Superior, near Front.
Williams, Jno. J. Sup't of Slate Quarries.
Williams, J. H. miner, 4th, near Mich.
Williams, John, surveyor, 4th, near Mich,
Williams. E. P, book-keeper. Front, near Wash.
Wilson, George, weigh office, Waaliiugton. near 7th.
Wilson, Booker, porter, Tremont House.
Wilson, Wni. tei. op., 7th, near Ki.lge.
Wilkes, Geo. section boss, Superior, near
Wilkes, Dan. laborer, Superior, near Front.
Wilkes, S. engineer. Bluff, near 5th.
Wilkinson, J. M. cashier Citizen's Bank, btis. Lake street.
Willis, Thos, blacksmith, Lake, near rolling mil!.
Winkle, Fred, mason, Lake street.
Wood, Z. brakeinan, Washington, west of 7th.
Worts, Dan, blacksmith, Keystone House.
Worth, Chas. tailor, rear Cath. church.
Wote, Fred, laborer, corner 3d and Arch.
Wright. J. H. carpenter, 4th, near Mich.
Wright, Wm. carpenter, Superior, near 3d.
Wright, C- E- iron expert, Adams Block.
Wyckoff, J. W. sash and blind manufacturer Wash, near Front-
Wyckort', Ciark, book-keeper, Washington, near Third.
Wyckoff, Wm. overseer, Washington, near 3d.
Wyckoff, Fay, Arch, east of Front.
YOUNG, A. M. engineer, 3d, near Bluff. Young, Jas. W. laborer, 3d, near Bluff. Young, Thomas, plumber, Lake, near rolling m
„
beard's DIKECTOnY OF MARQUETTE CollNTV. 99
T. B. Brooks. C. E.,
And
Explorer,
leie, 1. S., Ill
In Chaeoe Of
MJRQVF.TTE IROJf JiEGWX.
And Emlorer for tbe MariiettG, Hongtiton & Umm B. B. Co.
Gives exclusive attention to Explorations and Surveys of Iron Ore and hands and Mines.
References and Terms made known on application.
Hosted byGoOglC
100 beard's DIRECTOItY OF SIARQUETTE COUPTV.
Marquette, L S., Mich.
C. H. CAIjjL, Secretary and Treasurer.
Hoaedb,GoOglc
beard's DIEECTOItY OF MARQUETTE COUNTY. 101
YoTing, David, laborer, Superior, near Front, Youngbiood, Heury, laborer, 4th, near ridge.
Hosted byGoOgle
Beakds Dieectoky Op Marquette County.
Negaunee.
A
A BARE, A. carpenter, Iron street. Abrahamsen, Peter, laborer, Iron. Adam, John, butcher, 'Iron. Adams, J. Q. Ass't P. M. res. Main near Teal. Adams, J. ft. att'y at law, office Postoffice Building. American M. 11. Express Company, 0. W. DooHttle, aguut. Anthony, E. C. harness. Iron. Areland, L. laborer, Peck, near Teal. Asmuth, C. W. tailor. Iron. Atkinson, John T. clerk. Iron. Atwater, George E. hardware. Iron. Atwater, John E. furniture. Iron. Atwater, A. furniture. Iron. Avrill, Juo. civil engineer, Lincoln, near Pioneer.
BAILEY, T. saloon. Iron. Baldwin, William, baggage -m aste r, bds. with Mrs. Capis. Ball, Henry, brakeman, bds. with Mrs. Capis. Bandin, V. shoemaker. Peck, near Pioneer. Bauk of Negaunee, James Mathews, prop. Iron. Bartle, John, miner. Peck, near Kanter. Bartle, J. H. clerk. Peck, near Kanter. Bashaw, Frank, laborer. Peck, near Pioneer. Barraby, Joseph, laborer, corner Brown and Case.
,y
beard's UIUECT'>11Y of MAIiQUElTE COUN'l'if. 103
The Bancroft
Iron Comfny.
MAHUFACTUHEKa OP
Charcoal Pig Iron,
From
Specular and Hematite Ores,
Of Marquette County.
PETER WHITE, PreBidfiil, Marquette, Michigan. SAMUEL L. MATHEE, Treasurer, Cleveland. Ohio. JAY C, MORSE, Secrelary, Maniuetie, Michigan.
Hosted byGoCgle
1 04 DEAHD'h UIUEC I GUY or MAliQl'ETTK COUNTY.
Tee
Iron Company;
From Their Mixes At
HAM'UISL L. MATMEn, JPres''i imri Ti'as.
Cleneland, Ohio. WMBB. A. MOOJiE. Seereiwi,
Cleveland, Ohio. JA Y C. SXORHJE, General Agent,
Marquette, Mich.
Hoaedb,GoOglc
Of MAliQUETTE COtlNTy. 1U5
Barrett, Ed. laborer, near I. C furnace,
Barrett, Pat, miner, wear Sheldon's brewery.
Barry, James, laborer, near I. C. furnace.
Barry, Joseph, carpenter, corner Case and McKenzie.
Bastedo, John, wagon maker, Case, near Kanter.
Beaumont House, A. Wheatland, prop.
Bedinny, George, miner, near I. C. furnace.
Bel rose, George, saloon. Iron.
Bengley, Alexander, clothing, Iron.
Beunallick, John, miner, Kanter, near Case.
Bennett, Charles, furnace, Peck, near Pioneer.
Besiny, Michael, laborer, Clark, near Kanter.
Best, John, contractor, Jackson Mine.
Bezza, Richard, miner, near I. C. furnace.
Bezza, William, minor, near I. C. furnace.
Bezzo, Thos. contractor, Jackson mine.
Blackie, Thomas, saloon, Iron.
BuUhumeser, Michael, cabinet maker, Jackson.
Blake, Ed. book-keeper, Jackson mine.
Blake, William, laborer. Case, near Pioneer.
Blodgett, E. 8. meat market, Iron.
Blopesfelt, Paul, carpenter. Iron.
Boesch, Ed. jeweler. Iron.
Boner, Joseph, carpenter, Iron.
BoUman, Chris, proprietor Empire House,
Boner, Frank, laborer, Jackson mine.
Bourja, E teamster. Case, near McKenzie.
Bowdry, Peter, machinist. Main, near McKenzie.
Bourrett, A. clothing and dry goods. Iron.
Boyer, Henry, harness, Iron.
Bradley, William, physician. Iron.
Brackenburg, Robert, clerk, Lincoln, near Pioneer.
Breitung, Sdward, operator and dealer in mining and
timber lands, Cyr street. Brinn & Peizcr, dry goods. Iron. Briim, J. dry goods. Iron. Briason, Raphael, Peck, near Pioneer.
106 Beahdh Direcioey Of Marquette County.
Britt, David, carpeiiter, bds, with Mrs. Capis. Brodeur, A. dentist, over Oyr's office. .
Brooks, James, carpenter, Kanter, near Peck. Brown, Henry, corner Pioneer and Clark. Brown, James, barn btjss, Jackson "mine. Brown, John, laborer, Jackson, near Pioneer. Brown, Jacob, soda water bottling works, Silver. Brown, W. H. blacksmith. Jackson mine. 'Buckley, Thomas, carpenter, Kanter near Peck. Buckley, William, Cyr. Bulcher, Joen, saloon. Iron.
Burder, WiUiam, furnace, Casr, near McKenzie. Burns, Thomas, miner, Iron. Buyer, Henry, harness. Iron.
CAIN, M. machinist, Iron. Calhoun, W. M. saloon, Iron. Calhoun, W. E. Main, near Pioneer. Calhoun, William S. clerk, Main, near Pioneer. Caiiipbeli, N, clerk. Iron. Cancel, Alt'- shoemaker. Silver. Capis, Mrs, boarding house. Iron. Carney, 0. & Bro., livery, Iron. Carney, Dennis, Iron. Carney, O. Iron.
Carney, Pat. Lincoln, near Pioneer. Carr, Miss M. R. millinery. Iron. Carr, B. candle manufacturer, Iron. Carr, John, clerk. Iron. Carson, John, saloon. Iron. Carter, Joseph, grocer. Iron.
Carter, Samuel, drugs, Iron, res. corner Case and Pioneer. Cary, Cor. stable boss, near I. C. furnace. Gary, Samuel, barber, Peck, near Kanter. Cassady, Daniel, shoemaker, Iron. Caasadj, F. shoemaker, Iron.
„
beard's DlilECTOEV OP MARQUETTE COUNTY. 107
Neely& Eddy,
Nails, Glass,
C!OE;XiCa-E, IRON STREET,
Meoauxee. L. S. Mwhioax.
m, i BRtNCH STORE IT ISHPEMING,
Where we carry a full line of Goods in our busitie
Manufacturbrs Op
Tin, Copper and Sheet-Iron Ware. JOBBING,
Im Ohm Lism, A Specialty.
Hoaedb,GoOgle
)8 beard's DIItECrOKY OF MARQUETTE COUNTY.
H. E. EATDOIT, President. FEED STAFFOES, Cashier.
Negaunee. Mich.
This Bank is now rei h frr Viiuiness inA Bcjlicitti the patronage of the
public. It'* afiiira will be coiidiictetl in i manner Mntilv
in accord with safe banking
A Specialty Will Be Made Of
Foreign Exchanges
And Passage Tickets,
csa'MW€&i'ss ®t af®ssT
Will be issued, and Book AccountH opened bearing interest, thii ei people with small means to hve tiieir sayings increased
AT one: aUABTES OF ONE FEE CENT. FEEMICM.
Entrusted to our care will receive prompt and careful
Hoaedb,GoOglc
beard's DIIiECTOKY OF MAllQUETTE CODNTY.
e Iron Company. Chicago and N. W. R., 0. W. Doolittie, Agent Chappel, J. shoemaker, Case, near Kanter. Chalaf'er, Charles, engineer, near I. C. furnace. Cholette, A. M. saloon, Iron. Christiansen, Andrew, laborer, Jackson Mine. Crocker, Allen & Co. iron manufacturers. Crocker, M. H. attorney at law. CroU, A. watches and jewelry. Iron. Christmas, John, laborer, Peck, near Pioneer. Chweig, Rich, upholsterer, Iron.
Clark, Thos. P., Singer Sewing Machine, iron.
Cochran, C. F. physician. Iron.
Colon, J. laborer. Peck, near Eailroad.
Colwell, H. J. agent Michigan furnace,
Corcoran, James, laborer, near I. C furnace.
Cory, Martin, Pioneer Mine.
Cotts, E. baker, Case, near Pioneer.
Courtney, Mike, laborer, Jackson Mine,
Cox, G. N. carpenter, Jackson, near Pioneer.
Cox, L. carpenter, Jackson, near Pioneer.
Crepaut, William, book-keeper. Iron.
Crocker, M. H. attorney at law, res. Main, near Teal, off Iron.
'Croll, Adolph, jeweler. Iron.
Croraley, Charles/ policeman, Case, near Pioneer.
Crystal, J. W. machinist, Case, near McKenzie.
Cumraon, Byron, laborer, Jackson Mine.
Curn, John, laborer. Case, near Kanter.
Curren, Owen, laborer, Jackson Mine.
Curren, Tim, laborer, Jackson Mine.
Curry, Thomas, St. James Restaurant.
Cyr, L. D. physician, off. Iron, near Cyr.
beard's DIBECTOKY of MARQUETT]
D
D
ALY, Charles, Engineer, near I. C. furnace. Daly, Daniel, engineer, near I. C, furnace.
Damp, George, mason, Peek, near Railroad. Davis, Isaac, miner, near I. C, furnace. Davis, John, plasterer, Jackson, near Pioneer. Davis, Stephen, blacksmith, near I. C. furnace, Demontgier, Simon, carpenter, Kaoter, near Peck.
Doherty, , teamster, boards with Mrs. Capis.
Donahue, Tim. machinist, Jackson Mine.
Duntawill, Wallace, baker. Case, near Pioneer.
Doolittle, O. W. freight ag't, M. H. & 0. E. R., iMai
Dorn, James, tinsmith. Iron.
Dow, Thomas, laborer, Kanter, near Case.
Downing, C. clerk, I. C. store.
Dueharme, Frank, laborer. Main, near Pioneer
Duesler, U. civil engineer. Case, near McKenzle.
Dunn, John H. brewer. Peck, near Kanter.
Dunn, Michael, laborer, Jackson Mine.
r? AGAN, Pat. laborer. Case, near Railroad.
C-'Eaughu, Pat. laborer, near Sheldon's brewery.
Kddy, C. C, hardware. Iron,
Eddy, Frank, hardware, Iron.
Edgial, B. laborer. Empire House.
Edwards, Ant. laborer, Kanter, near Case.
Edwards, James, laborer, Kanter, near Case.
Ellsworth, L. L. clerk, I. C.
Emmet, Frank, saloon, Iron.
Engels, J. furniture. Iron.
Esher, Stephen, laborer. Iron.
TALK, Jacob, carpenter. Main street. Feibish, Philip, liquor and cigars, Iron,
i,
BEAEd's DIRECTOKY of MARQUETTE COUNTY. Ill
Hayd©H"S
H. E. HAYDON, President. FRED. STAFFORD, Cash'p.
owtfii anil fi0fic jttlaijf,
For sale at I-rfiwest Current Rates.
Passage Tickets
To and from the Old Country,
BY AZL THE FIRST CLASS J.IWMS. Parties wishing
To Send Money Abroad,
Or who desire to bring out tlieir friends, will always save money by purchasing
Drafts or Tickets at this Bank.
Traxsacted.
i,
112 JiEAIiO'S DlJiECTOliY OF MAIiCJUETTE COUNTY.
Julius Jagobson,
Dealer In Staple And Fancy
Dry Goo'Ds,
Clothing,
Hats, ©Aps.
Boots & Shoes,
Ladies' White Umderwe4R,
Trnils, Ite., Bte. MY STORE IS ON IRON STREET,
If EG A UN BE.
WMEMBES TftE PiACE,
The Sign Reads
Julius Jagobson,
Hoaedb,GoOgle
JlKAil]>S lilKKCTdKY Oi'' MAi;()i;Ti.yrT[!: COUNTY.
Finnegan, B, laborer, Jackson Mioe.
First National Bank, H. E. Haydon, Pres't, Iron.
Fish A Pierce, general store, Iron.
FUli, S. Main, near Teal.
Fitch, Ernst, engineer, Jackson Mine.
Flanegan, B. laborer, Jackson Mine.
Flanegan, Efl. brukeninn, boards with Mrs. Oapis.
Fiery, John, saloon, Pioneer.
Flynn, James, laborer, Jackson, near Pioneer.
Flynn, Jaines, laborer, near I. C. furnace.
Flynn, J. P. tailor. Iron.
Foley, James, mason, corner Case anrl Teal.
Foreman, C. A. musician. Peck, near Pioneer.
Forest, John, cook, St. James.
Fortier, C. A. physician, Iron.
Fortune, Job. saloon. Iron.
Foster, T omas, steward ar St. James restaurant.
Fossbender, F. wagon maker, Marquette.
Fountain, Charles, laborer, Iron.
Fox, 0. harness, Iron.
Foye, H. teamster, near I. C. furnace.
Frazee, Rev. E. W. corner Case and Teal.
Frost, L. clerk, Iron.
Frusch, Tlieo. brewer, Peck, near Kauter.
Fucha, Fred, saloon. Silver, near depot.
GAFFNER, F, T. near I. C. furnace. Garghier, M. boarding house, Iron. Gibbon, H. E. photographer. Case, near McKenzie. Gibbs, M. A. book-keeper, I. C store. Gilbert, John, miner, Kanter, near Case. Giroux, H. saloon, corner Piooeer and Peck, Girzikowsky, Ed. & Co. jewelers, Iron. Gleason, Pat, laborer, Jackson Mine, Gordon, James, contractor, Jackson Miue.
i,
114 beard's DIBECTOKY of MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Graham, C. laborer, near I. C. furnace.
Gratzie, WiUiam, laborer, near I. C. furnace.
Gray, Gilbert, ostler. Case, near Teal.
Gray, Thomas, shoemaker. Case, near Kanter.
Gregory & Shornberg, saloon, Iron.
Gregory, L. D. saloon. Iron.
Green Bay Iron Co., R. P, Harriman, stint.
Green, Charles B. clerk, boards Ogden House.
Green, E. 8. ag't I. C mine. Main, near Pioneer.
Griffls, John, miner, near I. C. furnace,
Grigg, Joseph, miner. Peck, near Railroad.
Griswold, Alonzo, carpenter. Main, near McKenzie.
Gustafsen, Svan, near Sheldon's brewery.
H
HAGANY, A. barber, Iron. Hall, William, tinsmith, Iron. Haly, James T, grocer. Iron. Haly & Hopkins, grocers, Iron.
Hamilton, George, brakeman, boards with Mrs. Caplia. Hananer, H. clothing. Iron. Hand, H. laborer, Iron. Hanske, Ernst, carpenter, Iron. Hansen, Charles, time-keeper, Jackson mine. Hansen, Eber, laborer, Jackson mine. Hansen, Hans, blacksmith, Jackson mine. Hansen, James, engineer, Jackson mine. Hansen, Peter, saloon. Iron. Hardy, John, laborer, Chicago House. Harrington, James, laborer. Silver. Harrington, John B. mmer. Peck, near Teal. Harrington, Pat, miner. Peck, near McKenzie. Harris, John, boarding-house. Iron. Harris, Thomas, grocer. Iron.
Hartman, Conolly & Co. lumber dealers, cor. R, R. and Case. Hartman, C. J. Jackson House.
„
i DIRECTORY OF MARQUETTE COUNTY. 115
Charcoal Pig Iron And Blooms.
From Pure Lake Swperior Ores. PROPRIETORS OF
Morgan Furnace
At Morgan, and
Champion Furnace,
At Champion, Mare/bette Co., Mich.
S, P. ELY, Marquette, Mich., Secretary and Treasurer. C. DONKERSLY, do Vice Pres't and Gen'l Ag't.
Hosted byGoOgle
116 beard's DiREcroiiY or makquette county.
Thomas F. Clark,
fori Til K
Singer
TII SJi'ST JA 7'HB WQ-Jil..
Nine Out Of Ten Being For Family Use,
Being more Maohliies fh.iiii, aii.i/ tdh/;r Ciniipuiii/, And 1-4 of all machines sold during that year,
ALSO BEALEn I.jY
mmm, obgais, memdieois,
-And-
Mjj8Icajl
Iron Street,
Jfear Klrkwiitid' s Drug Store.
Hoaedb,GoOglc
Beards Wkectory Of Maequette County. 117
Harttnan, T. W. Jackson House.
Haupi, E. bakery, Iron.
Haydon's Negaunee Bank. H. E. Haydon, Pres., Iron.
Hayilen, H. E. banker, Cyr.
Heiser, Martin, carpenter. Peck, near Teal.
Henderson, James, shoemaker. Iron.
Heuly, Thomas, restaurant. Iron.
Hewett, Silas T. saddler, Case, near Pioneer,
Hewett & Snydar, harness. Silver.
Harriman & Spurr Mine, R. P. Harriman & J. L. Spurr, Agts.
Hartman, Connelly & Co. lumber dealers.
Healy, W. P. attorney at law. Iron.
Hibbard, Nathan, carpenter, Jackson Mine.
Hibbard, Peter, carpenter, Jackson Mine.
Hicks, Philip, plasterer, Jackson, near Pioneer.
Hinckley, Ira, nit, glyc. manufacturer. Case, near MeKenzie.
Hirschman, F. L. physician, office with L. D. Cyr.
Hocking, John, mason, Jackson, near Pioneer.
Hocksen, Gus. laborer, Jackson Mine,
Holmgreen, John, tinsmith. Iron.
Homstein, Albert, clerk, Pioneer,
Hooper, H. mason, near I. C. furnace.
Hopkins, C. H. Main.
Hopkins, William, Justice of the Peace, Main, near Pioneer.
Howell, Henry, ostler. Iron.
Hubert, George, stable boss, near I. C. furnace,
Hule, F. grocer. Iron.
Hutchingsen, G. L. express agent. Main, near MeKenzie.
IRELAND, Thomas, carpenter, Peck, near Railroad. Iron CliflE" Company, E. B. isham, sup't.
Iron Cliff House, Frank Johnson, prop. Isham, E. B. comer Main and Pioneer.
„
BEABD'S DIEECTOEY op MARQUETTE COUNTY.
TACKSON, Robert, baggage master, corner Kanter a Jaukson House, E. A. Treleas, prop., Iron. Jacobson, Julius, dothiDg, dry goods, etc., Iron. JaoobsoH, Morris, clerk, Iron.
JackBon Iron Co, and Mines, F. Brown, general agent. Jansen, Martin, laborer, Jackson, near Pioneer. Jansen, Michael, laborer, Jackson, near Pioneer. Jenkins, David, miner, near I. C. furnace. Jennings, D. book-keeper, I. C. Co. Johnson, Frank, prop. I. C. House. Johnson, Frank, saloon. Iron. Johnson, John, boarding house. Iron. Johnson, Kasraus, laborer, Jackson, near Pioneer. Jones, C. book-keeper, Lincoln and Pioneer. Jones, John, miner, near I. C. furnace. Johes, G. clerk. Iron. Jones, Fred, clerk. Iron. Jones, John, grocer. Iron. Jones, John, Jr., clerk, with Marsell & Co. Jones, Kobert, book.keeper, Lincoln, near Pioneer. Jones, K. plasterer, Jackson, near Pioneer.
Jong, , harness. Iron.
Julian, John, blacksmith, near I. C furnace. Julip, James, mason, Kanter, near Peck.
K
KAMMEEDINER, A. butcher. Iron. Kaniller, R. C. carpenter, corner Case and Pioneer Kane, John, miner. Main, near Teal. Kappes, R. baker. Peck, near Pioneer. Kassen, E. P. chief clerk, I. C, store, Kating, B. laborer, Jackson mine. Eating, Con. laborer, Jackson mine. Kauster, Henry, butcher, Case, near Teal. Kee'ey, G. P. saloon, corner Case and Pioneer.
BEAIID'U DiraCTOllY OF MiBQDETl'E OOl'IITI. 119
MAItQUETIE, MICHIGAJf,
Qu.rry and ship, ly cargo or single f''''''/'-''"'' varieties, ijirouin, nioUled and elou,ded) of
Sandstone
FOUm III THC MABQUCm HCGIOH.
For BeaMty. DuroMlU.j. and Ada/MIJUy to General Building, or Ornamental [nirposen,
THIS STONE IS DfflUALEB BY AM OTHER
Accessible To Weste.Rx Markets. Officers.
JOHN BUET, Pres't. WM- BUET, Treasur.
HIEAM A. BUET, Vice Pres. WM. A. BURT, SecreUry.
Hosted byGoOglC
120 beard's DIREOTOKY of MARQUETTE COUNT'
m,&Mm m&wmmmm
FliODUCE AJn HELL
Specular And Hematite
Iron Ores
From, their ivcM-lcnoivii, Miiii:- nl Ish paining,
JOSEPH S. FAY, Boston, Mass., President
S. P. ELY, Marquette, Mich., Secretary and Treasr'r.
Hoaedb,GoOglC
UEAKD' DIllECTOItY OF MAliQUE'lTE COUNTY.
Keller, Louis, brewer, Kanter, near Peck.
Kelly, G, P. clerk, boards with W. L. Maon.
Kcely, John, laborer, Jackson Mine.
Keely, John A, laborer, Jackson Mine.
Kernel, Peter, laborer, near I. C. Mine.
Kiren, Conrad, grocer, corner Case and Kanter.
Kirkwood Bros, drugs. Iron.
Kirkwood, John A. drugs, Iron.
Kirkwood, P. B. drugs. Iron.
Kiley, John, teamster, near I. C. furnace.
Kiley, William, teamster, near I. C. furnace.
King, Peter, laborer, corner Case and Kanter.
King & Wheeler, nitro-glycedne manufactory, Iroo.
Kinner, S. Peck, near Kanter.
Kirby, B. teamster, near I. C. furnace.
Kittson, H. shoemaker, Iron.
K!en, S. H. mason. Main, near Teal.
Knese, Aug. carpenter, Kanter near Peck.
Kremer, J. boards with Mrs. Caplis.
LA FAVOUR, Ant. explorer. Case, near Kaute Lamar, Adolpb, laborer. Peck, near Pioneer. Lamsen, Charles, teamster, corner Peck and Teal. Lander, J. Jackson mine. Landrey, M. saloon, Iron. Lanseigae G. & Co. general store, Iron. Lans, M. laborer. Pioneer, near Iron. Lanser, Michael, machinist, Jackson mine. Laterelle, John, laborer. Peck, near Railroad, Laughlin, Ed. saloon, Iron. Laughlin, Michael, saloon. Iron. Lawless, James, laborer, Chicago House. Larren, F. furnace, near I, C. furnace. Lamson, 0. G. tailor. Iron Lee, John, Lincoln, near Pioneer. Lehman, William, carpenter. Case, near Pioneer.
,
122 BEARDS DlBECrORY 0¥ MAEQUETTE CoraTY.
Lene, Mathew, laborer, Iron.
Light, J. saloon. Iron.
Lilc, AntoD, laborer. Case, near Brown.
Londrie, Jos. tinsmith, Iron, res. Case, near Pioneer.
Lonstorf, N. dry goods, Iron.
Low, Chester, veterinary surgeon, Case, near Kanter.
Lum & Peck, props. Ogden House.
Lum, H. Ogdeo House.
Lynch, John, laborer, near I. C. furnace,
M
MADDSFORD, William, contractor, Jackson mine. Mahan, James, laborer, Jacksun, near Pioneer. Maitland, A. W. lawyer, I. C, Co. Marsell & Co. dry goods, boots and shoes, crockery, etc., ;J stores.
Iron. Mathews, Jos. machinist, Jackson mine. Mathews, Jas. banker. Iron. Mathewson, Duncan, engineer, Jackaou mine. Maxwell, Robert, engineer, Jackson mine. Mazara, John, laborer, Jackson mine, McCarty, Martm, teamster, near I. C. furnace. McCarty, Michael, engineci, near I. C. furnace. McClond, Norman, painter. Main, near McKenzie. McComber, W C insurance agent. Iron. McComber, Alex foreman, near I. C. furnace. McC-onley, Tim, miner, near I. C. furnace. McCrea, A. miner, near I C furnace. McGinnis, B. plasterer, Jackson, near Pioneer. McGowan, Pat, laborer, near I. C. furnace. McKenzie, physician. Iron.
McKenjie, Thomas, livery and boarding house. Silver. McMullen, Daniel, wagon maker, Lincoln, near Pioneer. McMnllen, J. carpenter, Lincoln, near Pieneer. McRuloif, John, laborer, Jackson mine. Mergan, Charles, teamster, near I. C. furnace.
„
ESTABLISH Er> IWtO.
Importers and Jobbers of
Oor fncilLtiw .-nMbln ns.lr olTei dinners PRICEti hhI TKHAiP hb lnvntubli m be hiid in Kiutiim Mar'ctn.
BY MAIL will rmxivi; pi.|ii>(.i4l uticntion, And nur [one ex|.eripi I rhe Litke Suiieri.ir tml.; wiJI bu loum) nf mlvitntau in seltctloir for II
/OO Woodwam Avenue. DETROIT.
(SuesesEor to Fitch & Congdon,)
Stock west of New York.
Lowest Prices.
OBest Fitting Garments.O
Eveybthing Unexcelled.
8®*Speoial A-attention to Orders. "1
Hosted byGoOglC
124 BEAltD's DIltKCJOIiY OF MAIKJUETTI-; COUNTY.
The New York
Pkodtjce Phom Thbik
dKkzulxt llm IjktM. 1-fltne
Situated on Sec. 3, Town 47, Eange 27,
Ores of Great Purity and Best Quality.
resMent, Mew York.
W. L. Wetmomm,
General Manuger, Murquette, Mich.
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BEAKD'S DIKECTORY of MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Merrett, J. carpenter, Jackson, near Pioneer. Merrett, Wm. carpenter, Jackson, near Pioneer. Mengan, John, laborer, near I. 0. furnace. Miner's Bank, D. G. Stone, prop. Ir.,n, Mitchel, George, contractor, Jackson mine. Mitchel, James, contractor, Jackson mine. Mitcliel Job. teamster. Empire House. Moran, Micliael, contractor, Jackson mine. Morrow, C. B. boards at Mrs. Sterling's. Morton, A. saloon. Silver. Murphy, Michael, laborer, Jackson mine. Muck, Chas. meat market. Iron.
N
NABEL, E. near Sheldon's brewery. Nash, William, clerk, Peck, near Pioneer. Neely & Eddy, hardware, Iron. Neely, Benj. hardware, Case, near Teal. Neely, Wm. clerk. Iron, Nelson, B. shoemaker, Iron. Nelson, Rasmus, laborer, Jackson mine. Nelson, W. D. clerk, boards Jacksou House. Nero, James, laborer, near Sheldon's brewery. Nesbit, James, saloon, Iron. Newton, Pat, near Sheldon's brewery. Noe, William, machinist, Jackson mine. Norris, Hicks & Morrow, general store. Iron. Norris, James W. boards M. Page. Norry, George, Jackson mine. Norry, Henry, agent, Jackson mine. Northwestern Telegraph Company, John Kern, opp. Iron.
O
OATLY, S. E. saloon, Iron. Ogden House, Lum & Peck, props.. Iron. O'Leary, John, telegraph operator. Case, near Kanter. O'Leary, John, blacksmith, Jackson, near Pioneer.
126 Beards Dieectorv Of Marquette County.
O'Leary, Micliael, laborer, Case, near Kanter.
Oleson, Andrew, laborer, Jackson mine.
O'Neil, M, grocer, Iron.
O'Neil, Robert, engineer, corner Main and MeKen/.ie.
Orthey, Julius, near 8sheldon's brewery.
Orthey, Mrs. J. R. millinery, Iron.
PAGE, O. A. asst sup't 0. and K W. ra.ilroad, Cyr. Pagot, T. C. clothing, Iron. Peek, H. O. prop. Ogden House. Pendill, B. F. Silver, near Railroad. Pendill, Frank, clerk. Silver, near Railroad. Pendill, Henry, clerk, Silver, near Railroad. Pendill, James, clerk. Silver, near Railroad. Pendill, J. P. general story. Silver, near Railroad. Peninsular Brewery, G. C. Sheldon, prop. Silver. Perkins, George, attorney at law, ('yr. Pettibone, Day & Morrow, general atore Main. Perry, Ed. clerk, corner Lincoln and Pioneer. Peters, Robert, laborer, corner Jackson and Pioneer. Peterson, A. saloon, Iron.
Peterson, Andrew, laborer, Lincoln, near Pioneer. Peterson Chris, laborer, Jackson mine. Phillips, Thomas, miner, Kanter, near Case, Pierce, A. grocer. Iron. Pierce, L. 8. Center.
Pierce, N. sup't mine, corner Pioneer and Case. Pische, Joseph, carpenter, IroD. Purvis, Robert, miner, near Cliff furnace.
Q
OUALSTROM, John, carpenter, Case, near Brown. Qninn, John, clothing. Iron. Quinn, Joseph, clerk. Iron. Quinn, Robert, clerk, Iron.
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BEAKDS MBECTOllY OP MAKQTJETTE COUNTY. 127
R
RAIN, Michael, machioiat, Jackson mine. Rang, C. saloon, Iron. Ray, Capt. school teacher, bds at Mrs. Cailis. Regarr, Jas. laborer. Peck near Kanier. Renny, B. laborer, near Sheldon's brewery. Eisharr, Francis, laborer, near I. C. furnace. Revere, Peter, Main near McKenzie, Rice, Frank, fireman, boards at Mrs. Caplis. Richards, W, H. contractor, Jackson mine. Richardson, Geo. laborer, near I, C. furnace. Riley, Geo. engineer, boards at Mrs. Caplis. Roach, Jas. miner, near Sheldon's brewery. Roach, Wm. laborer, Empire House, Roberts, Henry, contracttir, Jackson mine. Roberts, Henry, laborer, near Sheldon's brewery. Roland, Wm. book-keeper I. C. Co. Rosmursen, Chris, laborer, Jackson mine. Rosmursen, Hans, lab6rer, Jackson mine. Rosmursen, Mil, laborer, Jackson mine. Koss & Wyman, fruit and vegetables, Iron. Ross. Alexander, helper, Jackson mine. Ross, Charles, American House. Ross, Robert, engineer, Jackson mine. Ross John, engineer, Jackson mine. Rough, H. contractor, Jackson mine- Rowland, William, P. M. boards St. James. Rowlcv, Paul, carpenter, Iron. lioy, T. clerk, boards over N. Y. store.
Pendle, Thomas, soda water and bottling establishment. Silver. Ruplet, Albert, tinsmith. Iron. Ryan, T. liquors and cigars. Iron.
-AUNDERS, Jno. miner. Peck near R. R. 5 Saunders, Wm. miner. Peck near R. R.
i,
128 beard's directory of marquette county.
Scanlon, John, laborer, Jackson mine.
Scanloo, Tim, laborer, Jacksou mine.
Sell aim 0, P. saloon, Iron.
Schmidt & Ring, saloon, Iron.
Schmidt, A. saloon, Iron.
Schneider, Jacob, saloon. Iron.
Schneider, John, tinner. Iron,
Schram, Fred . driver, Irion.
Schwartz, Chas. mason, Peuk near Kanter.
Schwartz, J. shoemaker, Iron.
Schwarz, John, miner. Iron.
Seer, Jos,, laborer, Brown and Case.
Sein, Adam, mason, Peck near Kanter,
Senecaii, Alf. Pioneer near Iron.
Seymour, Rev. E. Peck near R. R,
Shannessy, Wm. shoemaker. Case near Kanter.
Shehau, Joh,n laborer. Case near McKenzie.
Shehau, Thomas, teamster, near I, C. furnace.
Sheldon, Geo,, brewery. Gold.
Sherman, Wm. engineer, near I. C. furnace.
Smitbauer, Jos. laborer. Pioneer near Clark,
Smith, G. N. book-keeper, I, C, store.
Smith, Jas. laborer, near I. C. furnace.
Smith, Jos. machinist, Jackson mine.
Smith, M. W. ass't road master. Case near Teal.
Smith, R. laborer, Iron,
Snow, F. E. Case near Teal.
Snyder, Chas. harness, Peck near Pioneer.
Snyder, John, tinner. Case near Pioueer.
Sowstorf, N, general store. Iron.
Sporley, G, boarding house. Iron,
Stack, Geo. laborer, near I. C. furnace,
Stafford, Fred, boards Jackson House.
Stecker, G. saloon, Iron.
Steele, S. H. laborer, near I. C. furnace,
St. James Restaurant, Iron,
„
BEiKDB DIRECTORY OP MARQUETTE COtraTY.
Stirling, A. J. clothing, cor. Main and McKenzie.
Stirling, Walter, clerk, cor. Main and McKenzie.
Stockwell, A. E. clothing, Iron.
Stone, D. G. banker, dry goods, groceries, etc.. Iron.
Stone. Samuel, janitor, Hayden'a Bank.
Strand, Nelson, ostler, Iron.
Strebbe, A. carpenter. Iron.
Sullivan, Daniel, miner, near Sheldon's brewery.
Sullivan, Tim, laborer, near I. C. furnace-
Sundberg, Chas, watchmaker, Iron.
Sutherland, Jas. clerk, Main near McKenzie.
Sweeney, E. livery. Case near Teal.
Sweeney, John, clerk. Peck near McKenzie.
Switik, Peter, butcher. Case and McKenzie.
TAF, George, engineer, Jackson, near Pioneer. Tatty, M. laborer, near I. C. furnace. Taylor, Thomas, clerk. Iron. Tellon, Martin, foreman Jackson mine. Tiddy, William, contractor, Jackson mine. Tiller, George, miner, near I. C. furnace. Thela, Charles, carpenter. Main, near McKenzie. Thiol, Chris, laborer, Jackson mine. The S. C. Smith Iron Company. Thorn, Charles, tailor. Case. Thomas, John R. machinist, Jackson mine. Thompson, A. J. Barber. Iron. Tobin, Michael, constable, Chicago Housa Tongung, Joseph, laborer, Jackson mine. Town, Charles, tailor, corner Case and Pioneer. Trelease, E. A. prop. Jackson House. Trezone, Joseph, engineer, Jackson mine. Trudell, A. near I. C. furnace. Truant, John, mason, corner Case and Pioneer, Tyler, John, laborer, Peck, near Railroad.
beard's DIBECTOEY OP MARQUETTE COUNTY.
u
u
HKBACH, John, IjutchSr, Iron. Uren, S. cabinet maker, Iron.
VASHRON, Louis, carpenter, Case, near Brown. VaBhron, Louis, Jr. clerk. Case, near Brown. Vick, George, laborer. Peck, near Kanter. Vigors, H. laborer, Jackson, near Pioneer. Virren, William, shoemaker, Iron. Volker, J. J. jeweler. Iron.
W
WARD, J. laborer, Jackson mine, Warner, Wilkes, tailor, Case, near McKenzie. Warm, Joel, agent Green Bay store. Main, near Teal. Warm, Joseph, clerk. Main, near Teal. Wasley, Frank, miner, corner Case and Kanter. Wateny, John, foreman Jackson mine. Weed, Charles W. book-keeper, bank of Negaunee. Weyman, J. W. jeweler. Main, near McKenzie. Welch & Morton, saloon, .Silver. Welch, Richard, Silver. Wells, T. L. clerk, I. C. stora Westlie, tailor, Iron. Wilup, Ed. laborer, near I. C. furnace. Williams, Joel, stage line to Cliff mine, Iron. Winter, Joseph, butcher, corner Main and Teal. Winter's Opera Hall, Wheelock & Winters, props. Iron. Wheatland, A. prop. Beaumont House. Wheeler, E. G. clerk Ogden House. Wheelock & Winter, meats. Iron. Wheelock, J. meats. Iron. White, John, barber, Peck, near Railroad. White, Ole, laborer, Jackson mine. Wohl, Peter, mason, Iron. ' Wollner, H N. merchant tailor, Iron. Wyman, H. D. Iron.
YIRKE, Fred, saloon. Iron. Young, Ed. harness. Iron.
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beard's directory op MARQUETTE COUNTY, 131
scott mA Mnmhx Mo,
Manufacturers Of
Furnace near Ishpeming, Mich.
GARDNER GREEN, President, Norwich, Conn. D. E. SULLIVAN, Vice " THEO. P. McCDRDT, Treas'r, " "
C. H. HALL, Agent, Ishpeming, Mich.
Hoaedb,GoOglc
132 BEAKD's DIEECTOBY of MiRQUElTE COUNTY..
Dealebs In
Chemicals,
Books, Stationery,
Fancy Goods, Toilet Articles, &c.
Analyses of Ores and Minerals made.
Hoaedb,GoOglC
BEABD's DIBECTOET of MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Ishpeming.
A
ADAMS, Jno., book-keeper, with N. Hodgkioa & Co. Allen, Henry, carpenter, Pioa Allen, Henry, laborer, Division, Allen, Jno., laborer, 2d, near Marquette E. R. Allen, Jno. carpenter. Pine. .
Allen, Wm., laborer. Main, near Division, Jno. M., barber. Main. Ammerson, C. foundryraan, Superior foundry, Anderson, A. A. jewelry. Main. Anderson, Bangt, laborer, 2d, near Marquette R. R. Anderson, C. saloon. Main.
Anderson, Chas. clothing, comer Pearl and IsL Anderson, Chas, clerk, Union Store Company. Anderson, G, laborer, Main, near Division. Anderson, Jno., laborer. Division. Anderson, Oscar, Agent Union Store Company, Anderson, Severn, saloon, Main. Andrews, H. weigh-maater, near Lake Angeline. Andrews, Jno., laborer, 2d, near Marquette E. E, Asteniua, J. 0. clerk, Main.
Atwood, Wm., laborer, Ist, near Marquette R. R. Austin, F. & C, meats, etc.. Division.
B
BACON, Mrs. S. millinery. Main street. Baptist, Robert, blacksmith, corner 2d and Cleveland. Barnes, L. clergyman, corner Division and 3d.
„
134 beard's dieectori of marquette coUNn.
Baruum Iron Mine, W. H, Murray aup't,
Bauer, Seb. clerk with Henrietta & Co.
Beckman, Ed. policeman, corner Pearl and Main.
Benberg, O. N. saloon, corner 2d and Cleveland.
Bennett, A. butcher, Main.
Beunett, C- J. clerk with Myers & Bigiow, Main,
Berg, Charles, laborer, corner Cleveland and Ist.
Besnit. N. laborer, 1st, near Marquette Railroad,
Bewnander, John, clerk. Main, near Front.
Bice, Wm. laborer. Division, near Main.
Bicale, George, laborer, 1st, near Marquette Railroad.
Bisaonette, Louis, teamster for Myers & Bigiow.
Bigiow, B. S. physician to mines. Pine.
Bjorksland, And. laborer, 2d, near Marquette Railroad.
Blackwell, T. blacksmith, Superior foundry.
Blake, Wm, clerk with Henrietta & Co.
Bout, Fred, fireman, Snperior foundry.
Bourke, P. wholesale wines and liquors, Main street.
Boyce, H. N. book-keeper, with B. M. Colwell.
Braasted, Fred, agent, Nora's Store Co.
Brasear, Xavier, saloon. Pearl.
Bundy, D. E. clerk, with B. M. Colwell.
Burschel, Andrew, livery, Division, near 1st.
Burk, George, saloon. Main.
Bums, Andrew, saloon. Division.
Busb, V. A. saloon, corner 1st and Cleveland,
CAIN, Pat. saloon. Division, near Main. California House, P. Haspel, prop. Pear!. Campbell, C. D. clerk with J. C. Ward. Canfield, D. F. Ish. Bank.
Carpenter, W. T, physician to mines. Main, near Division. Chabebeau, Nau, boarding house, Division, Chamberlain, Oscar, book-keeper. Union Store Company. Christiansen, Chris, book-keeper, Union Store Company. Christiansen, W. clerk, Noras Store Company.
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D'S DIItECTOKY OF MiEQXIETTE COUNTY. 135
Cmas. A.
Hais. Gaps. Trunks. Valises, &c.
A Splendid Line of
Ytiitis' and Boys' Clothing.
Comer First and Pearl Sts., 2 doors from Union Store, ISHPEMIHG. MICH.
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136 beard's directory of mabquettb county.
Union Store Company
OSCAE ANDERSON, Agent.
Dealers In
Provisions,
Gkocker¥ And Glassware,
ISHPEMIXG, MICHlOAJf.
Hoaedb,GoOgle
Beards Dikectoby Of Marquette County. 137
Christy, John, laborer, Division, near Main. Ciark, James, yard-master, boards at Mrs. Crawford's. Clark, W. S. soda water works. Division. Clayton, G. telegraph operator, Marquette Depot.
Cleveland Iron Mine, F. B. Mills, Supt.
Clines, E. teamster, Main, near Division.
CoiTerits, John, butcher. Pearl, near 1st.
Coffcrits, Sam. butcher. Pearl, near 1st.
Coleman, John B. taxidermist. Division.
Colweir, B. M. hardware, Main.
Combs, Wm. H. laborer. Main, near Division.
flongden, Mich, laborer, 2d, near Marquette R. R
Cooners, John, laborer, with And Burchei.
Cough, Pat. saloon, Division.
Corlson, J. machinist, Supr. Foundry.
Crabb, Richard carpenter. Main, near Division.
Crabb, Simon, laborer. Main, near Division.
Crawford, Mrs. E. boarding house, near Marquette Depot.
Cundy, Chaa. butcher, Cal. House.
Cylling, Philip, saloon, Main.
D
DAHLIN, A. blacksmith, Superior foundry. Daniel, J. pattern maker, Superior foundry, Daniel, Samuel, laborer, 1st, near Marquette railroad. Datcher, A. J. general store, corner 1st and Cleveland. Day, Jeff, book-keeper, Pine. Decker, D. Steele, lumber, corner 2d and Division. Demarie, Joseph, laborer, 2d, near Marqette railroad.
Deer Lake Iron and Lumber Company, C. H. Hail,
sup't, 2 miles distant.
Demearais, George, blacksmith and wagon-shop, 2d near Cleveland.
Devine, Pat, saloon. Main.
Devan, John, laborer. Division.
Divau, P. saloon, Main.
Dolan, John, laborer. Division.
i,
138 beard's directory of marquette county.
Donaliue, Con. clerk with B. M. Colwell.
Donahue & Co. boots and shoes, corner Pine and Division.
Donahue, T. F. liquors, coruer Pine and Division,
Donpier, Fritz, laborer, 2d, near Division.
Donpier, Jacob, laborer, 'Jd, near Division.
Dufly, James, saloon. Division.
Duun, George, with J. Hodgkins & Co.
Dunn, M. T. bakery and restaurant, corner Divisiun and 1st.
EAGAN, John, laborer, Division, near Main. Earle, C M. W. boots and shoes, Main. Ebstrup, butcher. Pearl, near 1st. Eddy, Eugene, clerk, Main. EJyrain, John, harness, 1st. Ekland, John, laborer, 2d, near Marquette E. R. Ellis, John, laborer, 1st, near Marquette R. R. Elson, H. S. butcher. Main. Ely, C. E. clerk, with B. M. Colwell. Emery, A. G. photograpjier. Pearl. Eodelman, M. jeweler. Main. Ericson, A. laborer, Cleveland and 1st. Excelsior Iron Mine, J. Fredericks, sup't., 3 miles dist Excelsior Kilns, J. Fredericks, prop., 3 miles distant.
F ELDER, George, plasterer, comer Pearl and Main. Fenah, Andrew, laborer, 2d. near Marquette Railroad. Finney, R. P. clerk, corner Pearl and Main. First National Bank, R. Nelson, pres't. Main, Fleming, James T. laborer, 2d, near Marquette railroad. Foley, I. C. & Co. clothing and dry goods. Main Francis, John, clothing and dry goods, Main, . Franscene, F. 0. clerk, corner Pearl and 1st. Frontz, John, plasterer, corner Pearl and Main. Fugles, Aaron, bartender, corner 1st and Cleveland.
i,
Bead'S Dieectoby Of Marquette County.
G
GALLAGHER, James, laborer, Main, near Division, Galline, A. teamster, witii Myers & Biglow, Main. Geary, John, general store, Main. Gettman, John, butcher. Main. Gevert, B. laborer, 2d, near Marquette R. R. Gillenberg, Peter, laborer, corner Pearl and Main. Gilling, T. F. saloon, Main. Girline, Andrew, laborer, Cleveland, near Isi. Girzikowsky, E. & Co., jewelers, Main. Gla.ison, James carpenter. Pine. Gleason, Pat., laborer. Main, near Division. Gleaaon, Pat., laborer, 1st, near Marquette R. R. Gochin, John W. clerk, with Neeiy & Eddy. Gold, John, laborer, 2d, near Marquette R. R. Gong, Eli, laborer, 2d, near Marquette R. R. Gonier, C. hostler. Main, near Division. Green, Richard, moulder. Division, near Main. Gribbon, James, laborer, Division. Griep, B. liquors, Main. Griep, Bernhai-d, merchant tailor. Main. Grombach, Isaac, agent Kahn & Newman. Guisnier, Marcell & Co., dry goods and clothing, Main. Guisnier, F. clothing, Main. Gunther, Frank, saloon, Division. Gylding, John F. saloon. Main.
H
HALY, John, laborer, 1st, near Marquette R. R. Hall, David, veterinary surgeon. Hansen, Peter, policeman, Superior Foundry. Harrigan, Cal. laborer, Division, near Main. Harris, John, saloon. Division. Harris, John, laborer. Main, near Division, Harris, Thomas, laborer. Main, near Division. Hawkins, John, carpenter. Division.
„
140 beard's dibectoby of mabquettb county.
Hawley, M. carpenter, Division.
Hays, Jamea, book-keeper, Main.
Hays, Thomas laborer 1st near Marquette R. E.
Heatou, T. ph'iiuan Pine
Heineman, H. '5 clothing Main
Heineman & Jacobson clothing Main
Hendeyx, F. A machitiiat Superior Foundry.
Henley, Peter, laborer, Duisi m
Henleyson, C. laboier Mam near Dnision.
Henrietta, J. & Cf meat Main
Henrietta, Miles meat" Main
Hickey, Wm. laborer Mam near Dnisioti.
Higgins, John shoemaker Division near Main.
Hill, Edwin, clerk with Mjer & Bijlow.
Hillsdale, Wm clerk comer Pearl an! Ist.
Hocking, Wm laborer Main near Division.
Hodgkins, N. & Co., livery. Pearl, near Ist.
Hodgkins, Gilbert, Hvery, Pearl, near 1st.
Holman, Frank, near Lake Angelina
Hornstein, Ed. clerk, Main.
Hosking, Wm. Main.
Hospel, P. prop, Cal. House.
Houle, Cyrille, baggage-master, 2d.
Howard, Henry, clerk, corner Pine and Division,
Hubbard, Samuel, laborer, 1st, near Marquette R. R.
Hughes, Jas. butcher. Division.
ISAACS, Justus, laborer, Division, near Ist. Ishpeming Bank, Robert Nelson and H. E. Ha; props., D. F. Weatworth, cash., Pine and Main, Ishpeming Hospital, R. Nelson, pres.. Main.
TACKSON, G. W. barber. Main. I Jacobi, Aug, baker. Division, near 1st, Jaeobaon, Henry, jewelry, Main.
„
Beakd 8 Dibectoky Of Marquette County.
Jacobsori, A. clothing, Main.
Jacques, A. laborer, 2d, near Diviaion.
James, H. machiaist, Superior foundry.
Jenks, M. furniture, Main.
Joehlm, John, saloon, Main.
Joues, P. boards Mrs. Crawford's.
Johnson, Aug. engineer, Division.
Johnson, Aug, laborer, 2d, near Marquette Railroad.
Johnson, C. laborer, 2d, uear Marquette Railroad.
Johnson, Charles, shoemaker, 1st, near Cleveland.
Johnson, Fred, book-keeper, Cleveland, near 1st.
Johnson, Gust, pattern maker, Superior foundry.
Johnson, G. D. carpenter, Superior mine.
Johnson, H. saloon, 2d, near Cleveland.
Johnson, J. book-keeper. Main.
Johnson, L. B. laborer, 2d, near Marquette Railroad.
Johnson, M. saloon, Ist, near Front.
Johnson, M. & Co. saloon, Pearl, near Main.
Johnson, S. clerk, Nora's Store Co.
Johnson, Seymour, clerk, Superior mine.
Johnson, J. B. clerk, with Myers &. Biglow.
Jury, Mrs. M. Saloon, Cleveland.
K
KAHN & Newman, clothing. Main. Kendergaw, B. fireman. Division. Keeve, Jan. laborer. Division, near Main. Kennedy, Cornelius, Justice of the Peace, Division. Kennedy, C. weigh-maater. Division. Kennedy, Jas. laborer. Division, near Main. Kirkwood Bros., drugs, stationery, etc.. Main. Kretchmar, H. furniture, corner 1st and Cleveland.
AIRD, Jas. clerk, Henrietta & Co. La Fever, Henry, butcher, Cal. House.
142 Beards Directory Of Marquette County.
Lake Aogeline Mine, H. Deamond, sup't.
Lake Superior Iron Mine, G. D. Johnson, sup't. Lake Superior Peat Furnace, J- B. Lyon, sup't Lake Superior Peat Works, J. H. Welch, sup't.
Laeflin, Jas. plasterer, corner Pearl and Main.
Larsen, Andrew, clerk with Myers & Bigelow.
Larange, Jos. saloon. Pearl street.
Larsen, Andrew, saloon, corner Cleveland and lat.
Lawson, J laborer, corner Cleveland and 1st.
Lee, machinist, 'superior Foundry.
Le Maj, Nap shoemaker, corner Division and Main.
Lewis, S W foreniin, Superior Foundry.
Linn, Michael, nia'-on, Division.
Linquist, August, laborer, corner 2d and Marquette R, K.
Londquest, P. O. shoemaker, Cleveland, near 1st.
Lonvil, A. shoemaker, Euclid.
Lorenge, Jos. saloon, Pearl.
Loth, Jos. saloon. Main.
Lund, Missel, machinist, Superior Foundry.
Lundbery, Andrew, clerk, corner Cleveland and 1st.
Lynch, D. saloon, Pearl, near 1st.
Lyon, Dennis, laborer, 2d, near Marquette R. R.
Lyons, F, engineer, near Lake Angeline.
M
MACK, Daniel, laborer, 2d, near Marquette Railroad. Madden, John, mason, Main, near Division. Malone, John, clerk with Henrietta & Co. Malquist, Charles, laborer, 2d, near Marquette Railroad. Malquiat, John, laborer, 2d, near Marquette Railroad. Manaly Arthur, wagon maker, 2d, near Cleveland. Marchant, B. .saloon. Pearl. Marquette, Houghton & Ontonagon Railroad, W. J, Newman,
agent. Maroney, John, saloon. Division, near Main. Mathews House, M. Mather, prop., Main. McCalleu, W. J. machinist, Superior foundry.
„
EEAKD's DIKECTOEY of MABQUEITE COUNTY.
McCulloch, P. carpenter, Division, near Mnin. McDonaltJ, A. prop. Sherman House. MfiFarland, T. F. harness, Division. MoGinty, Ed. Clerk, Pine. McGinty, Pat. wagon maker. Pine. McGinty, Wm. freight agent, Pine. McHugh, E, J. watchmaker, Main, oear Pearl.
Cleveland.
ess maker, and dealer in trunks,
Mclnness, , clerk, 1st,
McNamara, Charles, b:
etc.. Division. Meeter, Joseph, harness, 1st.
Mertine, Casper, blacksmith, corner Pear] and Main. Michael. James, laborer, Pearl, near lat. Milbach, Charles, laborer, 2d, near Marquette Railroad. Mildon, H. H, liquors. Main.
Miles, John, laborer, Ist, near Marquette Railroad. Mills House, J. H. Mills, prop. Division St. Mills, Capt. F. P. Cleveland mine. Mills, J. H. prop. Mills House, Division St. Mockler, John, grocer, Main. Moekler, Wm, clerk, Main, near Front. Monahan, Peter, grocer, 1st, near Cleveland. Moran, Hugh, clerk, Division, near 1st. Morley, Pat. machinist Superior foundry, Morrison, John E. wagon maker, Euclid. Morthey, Jaa. machinist, Superior foundry. Mullen, Daniel, clerk, 1st, near Cleveland, Mullen, J. laborer, Euclid. Murray, Robbins & Co. general store. Main, Murray, Frank, blacksmith, 2d, near Cleveland, Myhre, B. shoemaker, 1st, near Cleveland. Myers & Biglow, general merchandise, next door to .
Ishpeming. Myers, A. A. res. Euclid St.
N
N
AIL, Ed, laborer, Main, near Division. Nedo, Mrs. C. saloon. Pearl street.
144 beard's dibbctoky of MARQrEXTr: county.
Ishpeming, Mich.
Manufaotutlkrs Of
Engines,
Blast Furnace,
Machinery
Iron and Brass Castings,
Built And Befaibbd.
Rubber And Hemp Packing.
All aizea of Bar aud Eoiiod Iron always on liand.
Agents for Knowlea' Patent Steam Pumps, Wra. Canfield & Co's Empire
Packing.
„
BEAKd's OF MARQUETTE COUNTY. l40
Neely & Eddy, hardware, Main.
Neely, Thos. agent, Neely & Eddy.
Nelson & Haydon, iron agents. Main street.
Nelson, E. D. cashier, 1st National Bank.
Nelson, R. president 1st National Bank.
Nelson, R. president Ish, Bank.
Nelson, W. S. grocer, Main.
Nelson, R. & Co., meat market. Division.
Neuberger, R. millinery and clothing. Main.
Neuherger, P. auction and commission. Main.
Newman, V. J. age.it American Express Company, Depot.
New England Mine, Hon. H. C. Williams, sup't. 3 miles distant.
N. Y. Mine Store, gen. mer., J. H. Gillett manager, N. Y. Mine.
New Superior Mine, G. F. Tracey, sup't. 5 miles distant.
New York Mine, Hon. W. E. Dickenson, sup't
Niles, C. physician, Pine.
Nixon, John, clerk, with B. M. Colwell.
Nolan, Michael, laborer, 2d, near Marquette E. E.
Nolen, John, laborer, 2d, near Marquette R. R.
Noras Store Co, gen. store, Fred Braasted agt.,Cleveland, near lat.
Norberry, John E. agent, hardware. Main.
Norton, Wm. laborer, 1st. near Marquette R. E.
Northmore, John, prin. High School, Main.
Mygraw, Ernest, clerk, Kahn & Newman,
O
O DOERS, Richard, laborer, 1st, near Marquette R. R. Oie, J. N. grocer. Main. Oie & Nelson, grocers, Main. Oien, Henry, saloon, Cleveland, near Main. O'Leary, M. J. billiard room. Division. O'Leary, Michael, shoemaker, Division, near Main. Olesen, L. carpenter. Division. Oliver, Wm. & Co., livery stable.
Oliver, John, carpenter. Hematite mine, near Marquette R. R. Oliver, Thomas, book-keeper, O'Niel, Terance, machinist, Superior Foundry. Osborn, L, E. manager Superior Foundry,
BEAUD'r DIItECrOBY OP MARQUETTE COUNTY.
PAINTER, William, Main, near Division. Parks & Hayden, attorneys. Main street. Parkes, A. C. machinist, Superior foundry, Parkes, Samuel, macliinist, vSuperior foundry. PendiU & Beatty, general store, Main. Penglase, John, laborer. Division. Penna, J. P. Superior mine.
Perry, William, laborer, Jst, near Marquette Railroad, Peterson, A. shoemaker, Ist, near Cleveland. Peterson, A. E. saloon, 1st, near Front. Peterson, A. O. clerk, Nora's Store Co. Peterson, Charles, laborer, 2ii, near Marquett* Railroad. Peterson, John, saloon, 1st, near Front. Peterson, K. laborer, 2d, near Marquette Railroad. Peterson. Peter, saloon, Cleveland, near 1st. Picands, Van Cleve & Co,, hardware, mining supplie Pierce, N. laborer, Main, near Division. Pierce, Samuel, Main, near Division. Ponthwait, John, Provost, Michael, shoemaker, Division, near Main.
R
RAISKY, W. F. saloon, Main. Reynolds, L. engineer, Pine. Rice, Samuel, liquors and tobacco, Main. Richards, Alfred, moulder, Division, near Main, Richards, A. J. machinist, Superior Foundry, Richards, F. W- machinist, Superior Foundry. Rider, Richard, butcher, Division. Riley, W. machinist, Superior Foundry. Riplei, John, photographer, with Emery. Robbing, E. clothing, boots and shoes. Main. Roden, John, laborer, Cleveland, near 1st, Rogers, Wm. laborer, Division. Ropes, J. post-master. Pine.
BEARDS DIBECTORl* OF MARQUETTE COUNTY. 147
RopSS, J. & Co., drugs, stationery, and consulting chemist,
comer Pine and Division. Russell, Frank, shoemaker. Division, near Main. Ryan, John, carpenter, Division, near Main. Ryan, John, laborer. Main, near Division. Ryan, Mathew, saloon. Main.
SAGINAW Iron Mine, J. P. Mitchell, sup't. 5 miles distant. Sanson, John, saloon, corner Cleveland and 3d. Sandbei-g, Andrew, clerk, with Myers & Biglow, Sargent, Wm, clerk. Main.
Schlio, John, clerk, with Union Store Company. Shaner, Chas. clerk, Henrietta & (Jo. Sheldon, Geo. clerk, Pine, Sherley, W. machinist, Superior Foundry. Sherman House, A. McDonald, prop.. Division. Shiel, Pat., shoemaker. Division. Sieble, Philip, butcher, Cal, House. Siliistrup, P. E. watchmaker, Main. Slatlerly, Michael, shoemaker, Division, near Main. Sloat, O. D. agent C. & N. W. Railway, Main. Slyney, J. laborer, 1st, near Marquette R, R. Smith, Jas. B. book-keeper, Superior Foundry. Smith, Peter, machinist, Superior Foundry. Smith, W. machinist, Superior Foundry. Smith, W. G. harness. Division. Smith, W. R. pop works. Division. Soddgreen, Gus. teamster, Division, near Main. Solberg, Samuel, clerk. Union Store Company. Spencer, J. L. hamss-maker, Pearl, Stafford, W. 8. Division. Stanley, L. H. agent, Dicker & Steele. St Germain, John B. policeman. Pearl. Stockwelt &, Ward, dry goods. Main. Stolt, J, P. saloon, corner Cleveland and 1st. Streeter, E. S. lumber, corner Lake and Front.
D'S Directoky Of Makquette County.
Superior Foundry, corner Lake and Front. Swift, W. F. attorney-at-law, Main.
T ALLEN, John A. clerk, Hineman & Jackson. Tengue, T. J. machinist, Superior foundry. Thomson, 8. A. clerk, Cleveland. Tislor, W. O. saloon, Pearl, near 1st. Trebiicock, William, laborer, Pine. Trevilcock, James, laborer, Division. Truan, John, saloon, Main. Truseott, William, clerk. Main. Trygsland, S, clerk, Kahn & Newman.
u
V:
U
NION STORE CO., cash capital flO,000, Oscar Anderson, agent, Pearl, near 1st.
AUOHN, Misses A. I>. niilHnery, Main. Volker, N. saloon, Main.
WADSWORTH, D. F. cashier Ishpeming Bank. Wallace, L. laborer, Division. Ward, J. C. clothing and dry goo:3s. Main. Waters, John, contractor. Main. Webster, William, laborer. Main, near Division. Welsh, Alex, saloon. Pine,
Wesley, JoIiQ, wagon maker, 2d, near Cleveland. While, Jacob, boarding house, 1st, near Marquette Railroad. Wheeler, 8. S. physician, Main. Wilhurst, M. machinist, Superior foundry. Wilkinson, K. physician, Pine.
Williams Iron Mine, S. S. Curry, supt. 3 miles distant. Williams, Thomas, laborer, Main, near Division.
„
beard's DIRECTOKY of MARQUETTE COtlMTT.
Wilson D. contractor, opp. Marquette depot.
Wingate, C. H. general store, Main.
Winters, Joseph, meat market. Main.
Winthrop Mine, Richardson & Wood, supts. 3 miles disti
Wilt, A. A. butcher, Pearl, near Ist.
Woodlock, William, saloon. Division.
Wright & Outhwaite, general store, Cleveland Mine.
YOUNG, Max, clerk. Main. Young, O. clerk. Pine.
r ETHRALU8, F. G. W. clerk. Division. Znerol, A. P. jeweler. Main.
Beards Dieectoey Op Marquette County,
Michigamme.
This town having been totally destroyed by fire, in June, 1873, and rebuilt in August of the same year, we give the adult uames taken from the census rolls, compiled in August, as au evidence of the wonderful energy, enterprise and resources of the citizens of this town. On account of the unsettled state of affairs, we are unable to give the business or occupation of all the residents, many being at a loss themselves to state what they intend as yet to follow for a livelihood. We do not wish to be understood by this that the town is made up of idlers, far from it, there seems no drones here, on the contrary, all ia life, activity and business.
A
Anderson, Peter, board'g house.
Anderson, Simon.
Angefe, David.
Anson, John.
Anson, Ole,
Armstrong, G.
Armstrong. J. B.
Armstrong, W. H.
Ayotte John.
Alexander & Hanna, hotel, Anderson A.
Anderson, Andrew, saloon. Anderson, Chas. Anderson, H. Anderson, John. Anderson, Laws, Anderson, Lewis. Anderson, Martin. Anderson, P.
Backman, Oli. Bang, Peter. Bankhead, Wm. Bargeau, Louis.
Barker, A.
Barman, Fred. Barnes, H. M. Barry, A.
„
BEABD'B DIllECTOltY OF MAHQUEITE COUNTY. I
"l7j. CLEVELAND'S
Cl'Kes All Kimjk Of Sores On And All Swellinos Caused By
Hurt Spr a ins or Bruises
COUNS.— It TirtuaLLy euros corns in twenty-fuur boars, relieviui; all pain and soreness, and effectually cures in [en days.
MOSQUITO BITBfl.-H uuree moBquiio, insect and fly bite, and all liinds of bee stings in oue to Melre huura. nnd keeps tbem off.
onreg chilblains in three lo Bve stays.
LAHli: BACK.— It cures lame back in three to tn days.
takes all soreness out of bums in twelve Co twenty-four hours and
CBAPPBD HANDS cured in
CitAFBS nnd UaLLS at any kind cured iu NKURAIidlA oured in three to ten das. BAR AUME curl in fitleen minuted tii thre< KG HATCH US cured in three tv eight days.
ir Sores. Poll Evil,
fected. In case of sores where there is swelling, 1 the sore. It does not smart any sore. For corr irt them) for eigiit or ten nights and they will diss
TSTOtOmALS FBOU THE TUllOmm FAETIE3 :
David Hall. VeCerlnnry Sarneon. Ishpemlne. Mich: A. E. McDonald, foreman Snurr .Mountain Mine Stable, Spurr Mountain. Mich-; B. P. Reed, foreman in Miobieauime Mine Stable, Michinamme, Mioh. ; Wm, Watkins, toieman in Chamlion PnrnaooMtablo, Chani-,iion. Mich-; A. W. Wheat, foreman in Emma Mine Stable, Cascade, Mich. ; Koberl Parker, foreman in Champion Mine Slable. Chamiiinn
. Miiih. ; Frederick Lamsnn, foreman in Washinron Mine Stabl
Mich. ; Joseph French, foreman in Barnuia Mine Stable. Ishpoming.
W. Tylt
, John Mitchell, of Saginavf Mine, Mich. : Capt. Dunn, of Kloman Mine, Mich : Joshua Culbert, Livery. Marquette, Mioh, ; J, N. Lishthall. 259
Put ap ia one, two and foar ounce Tiale. Betalls 2Sc, 50c and $1.00. L. J. CLEVELAND,
„
152 beard's directory of makquette county.
Justice To The Public
|iHiiitt8"'littf.r'
Michicamme.
The Bubfcribers beg to announce (o the inhabilantB of Miehigamme and
vicinity (hat they have resumed business at their old stand, and
mill keep on hand a large as "
Which They Will Sell
Aod invite all old ctintoraers and the public seneralty to call and examine their stock, which is complete in every department.
I®* Boarding Houses supplied at Wholesale Prices. Call in and see us. All are welcome.
West, Hayden & Co.
The Hiners* Store, Miehigamme.
„
Jiiiectoky Of Mahquette
Bnstedo, Jas. Bauman, A. J. Bayden, E. S. Bayie, Jno. Beard, Henry. BectcmaD, Andrew. Beckman, Chas. BellmaD, E. Beng, L. E. Bennie, Geo. Benson, S. Bergstrom, G. Betsberg, H. E. Blodget, E. L. Elom quest, A. Bloom, Wm. Blum, Juo. P. Bodeau, A. Bonely, H. Botsford, L.
Bourgo, Frank. Bournett, Oliver & '.
cers and liquors. Boushan, J. Breman, Jno. Bright, M. Brooks, Wm. Brown, Edgar. Brown, F. Brown, Jno. Brown, Nelson. Brown, Saml. Burdamis, E. Burdamis, Wm. Burk, Prank. Burns, David. Butler, Chas. Butler, Jas. Butler, M. Byland, Jno.
Boi
, Jos.
Call, Jas. Campbell, Robt. Camaran, Jno. Canes trang, C. Cansgo, M. T. Careson, A. W. Carinaugh, G. Carpis, Kee M. Carg, Eph. Cary, Jno. Chapman, L. P. Christiansen, C. Christiansen, H. C. Christiansen, T.
Christoosen, A. Cleveland, L. J. Clifford, M. Coakly, I., saloon. Coakly, Morris. Cole, B. H. Coleman, Peter. Cogins, M. Conners, M. Cook, Smith. Coon, Jas. Coughlin, Jno. Coyle, J. P. Craig, Chas.
Hoaedb,GoOglc
BEAHD'S DIKECrOJiy OF MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Crosby, J. L. Cryler, S. T. Cuckins, Jaa, Cuddy, Pat.
Curley, Jno., capt. of u Curtis, Wm. Cuyler, J. S,
D
Dolf, Warren, Deputy Sheriff. Dowe, Ed.
Daniel, J.
Doyle, Jno.
Deal, A.
Dinglo, Wm.
Demasey, Joo.
Drake, Saml.
Denton, W. A.
Duff, Jno.
Depete, A.
Dugan, Pat., groceries & liquors.
Derusha, Fred.
Duggan, Joo,
Deschamp, J.
Dunn Daniel.
Dishno, A.
Dunn David.
Ditch, Henry.
Dunn Jas.
Divine, Wm.
Dunn Jno.
Dix, C. H.
Duquetto, Jos.
Dolan, Jno.
Dwyer, J. H.
Dolan, Larry.
E
Ebnew, Paschel.
Engstrom, Frank.
Eddy, Jas, saloon.
Erickson, A.
Ederstrom, J.
Erickson, E.
Einkoff, Chris.
Erickson, J.
Elk, L. P.
Erickson, John.
Ellison, Swan.
Ericson, Henry.
Elnes, 0.
Erkson, Wm.
Eltrop, Peter.
Erendon, Jas.
Ely, C. M.
Eytenberg, Edward, gen. store.
F
Falck, Wm.
Farnsworth, E. M.
Falcomer, R. J.
Farosworth, M. J.
Faren, S. B.
Fay, J. 0.
FarDsberg, Peter.
Fay, M.
„
BEAItD S DIHECTORY OF MARQUETTE COUNTY,
Fiiinegan, John. Finnegan, Thos. Fiah, A. J. Fish, E. Fisher, Wm. FitKgemId, John. Flanoery, M.
Gabrie, 0. Garberg, L. Gardoer, Robert. Gardner, 8. Garrett, A. Garvin, Simon, Garanson, A. Geary, R. Gen berg, John. Gendron, A. Geran, Ely. Gibbs, Wm. Gibbs, Fred. Gilbertson, K. Gillen, A. Gilles, John, Gillis, Alex. Giliis, Donald. Gillis, Duncan.
Hackett, Richard,
Haley, M.
Hall, E. D. & Co., dry
groceries and drugs. Hall, John. Halversen, Louis. Halverson, R. Halyon, A.
Flicke, Chas.
Frisk, A. P.
Forrest, P.
Fowls, J. C. cash. Michi.
Franks, A.
Furlonff, R,
G
Gillis, John.
Gillis, Neil.
Glafland. Isaac.
Glass, F.
Gieason, M, boarding h
Godfrey, F. A.
Goe, J. W,
Gokay, A.
Gongo, Jas.
Gongo, Lewis.
Gort, Chas.
Gouchie, C.
Gould, John,
Green, John.
Green be ry, Fred.
Gulby, C.
GvilJin, E.
Gustafaen, C.
H
Hamlin, Jas. Ham on, Thos. i Hanahan, Thos. boarding house. Haustoo, Roht. Harrington, John, Harrington, T, J. Harris, G. Harvey, Samuel,
Of Marquette County.
Hathaway, J. D.
Halm, John.
Haulaby. A. A.
Holmes, J. J.
Hayden, J. J.
Hooper, John.
Hays, JohD.
Hooper, Thos.
Haysler, John.
Hooven, A.
Henderson, Chas,
Hopkins, Martin.
Herrin, Morris.
Hopkins, Peter.
Hickley, John.
Houglin, Chas.
Hindle, Walter.
Houghton, Jacob, swp't. Michi-
Hitchcock, E.
gamma Mine.
Hoslden, N.
Howe, Thos.
Holland, D.
Harley, D.
Holland & Scott, hardware.
Idell, A. G.
Isaacson, E.
Isaacs, Peter.
J
JacobsoD, J.
Johnson, Andrew.
Jacobson, M.
Johnson, A. L. boarding house.
Jack, Thomas,
Johnson, A. W.
Jackaon, John.
Johnson, C.
Jackson, L.
Johnson, Chas. boarding house.
James, H. C.
Johnson, E. S.
Jant, Charles.
Johnson, Henry.
Jenkins, F. G.
Johnson, John.
Jercan, Isaac.
Johnson, L.
Jerenson, C.
Johnson, Ole.
Jewell, Henry, engineer.
Johnson, Peter.
Jewsberg, A.
Johnson, Swan.
Johannasen, A.
Johnston, Joseph.
Johns, Wm. blacksmith.
Jolder, E.
Johnson, A.
Jones, P.
K
Kelly, E.
Keunefick, J.
Kelly, M.
Kennefick, P.
„
beard'9 dibectoby of maequette county.
Kerr, John. Kiiidstraod, C. King, A. King, Joseph.
Kiog, Mark. Kiag, O. King, Lamb. Kinney, S.
Ladue, P. E.
Lagreen, A. T.
Lally, James, boaring
and aalooD. Lamb, Henry. Lamb, John. Lambert, Charles. Lamene, Peter. Lapimere, L. Larne, C.
Lavene, Frank, board'j LawsoB, Andrew. LawaoD, C. Lawson, E. Lawson, E. G.
Magean, Jos. Magnosen, John. Malm berg, L. Maione, John. Maloney, J. 8. Maloney, D. Mai vera, Norris. Malvy, Austin. Marsh, H. P. Marehall, Thos. Martin, Joa. Maxon, Geo. Mayham, E. C.
LawsoD, John.
Li m burger. Joseph, house Liocour Arcale.
Lindahl, 0. P.
Lindenstreth, G.
Linn, John.
Lockhart, J.
Lombake, T,
L on green, John.
Lovejoy, H. B. house. Ludwick, John.
Lund berg, S.
Lynch, Frank.
Lynch, George.
Lynch, J. L.
M
Maybam, F. K. McAllister, Wm. McCrimmon, John. McCuin, Geo. McCumber, G. H. McCumber, J. E. McDonald, A. McDonald, D. McGraw, Job. McGregor, Henry. McKennon, A. McKenzie, H. McLean, Wm.
i,
Beard 9 Dibectoby Of Mabqoette County.
McLean, W. H. McMahoD, J, McPhee, John. McTige, Jaa. Meekin, Jamea. Melene, Peter. Merry, Jos. Mikner, Wm. Miller, A. W. Mills, D. Mitchel, A. Mitchel, J. S. Monahao, M. Monahan, P. Moore, Hugh. Morin, J.
Morris, Johu. Morrisey, M. Morrow, Morris. Mower, H. E. Mulbar, E, Mullen, B. Munck, A. Murphy, John. Murphy, Henry. Murphy, Hugh. Murrey, John. Murrey, S. T. Murrey, W. J. Myers, A, Myers, E. Myers, J.
Ifeddo, Peter. Neice, Lew. Nekle, P. Nelson, Fred. Nelson, Henry. Nelson, Peter. Neunent, Max.
N
NilsoD. A. Nolen, H. O. Nord, Jobn. Nord, S. Norman, N. T. Nostrum, G. Numan, John.
o
Obie, D. Obirg, C. E. Okestrom, H. Olsen, A. Olsen, Andrew. Olsen, Charles. Oisen, H. Olsen, J.
Olsen, Martin. Olsen, N. Olsen, Ole. Olsen, 8.
Ollrick, William. O'Neil, James. Osmensen, P. Oullette, H. J.
,y
BEAItDS DIEECrOBY OF MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Parkis, W. G.
Peterson, John.
Perry, S.
Peterson, M.
Peters, D.
Peterson, Nils.
Peterson, A.
Pierce, P.
Peterson, Andrew.
Pierce, Richard.
Peterson, Anteo.
Pinzie, Leon.
Peterson, Ans.
Pippin, P. saloon and b.
Peterson, C.
Piquette, J.
Peterson, C. F.
Flock, Geo. saloon.
Peterson, E.
Pollack, D. W.
Peterson, G.
Porter Frank.
Peterson, Gust.
Pouliat, 0.
Peterson, J.
Powers, John.
Peterson, Jas.
Front, Jas.
Q
Quilty, A.
Quilty, Michael.
R
Pandell, David. Ready, E. Reed, M. Reid, B. F.
Eexter, Ole. Reynolds, Jaa. Richards, E. Richardson, B. W. Richster, Chas. Riley, John. Ringwood, John. Riopel, Dennis. Eiopel, G.
Roberts, A. W. Roberts, Jos. Rock, Henry. Rock, J. W. Rogers, John, Rondguest, M. Rosen green, T, Ross, John. Ross, P. Ross, R. Ryan, P. Ryan, Thos.
,y
beard's DIEECrORY OF MARQUETTE COCKTY.
Saleberry, Fred.
Sales, John.
Sandstroiu, Fritz.
San quest, A.
Sanquest, J.
Santhang, Samuel.
Santg, Philip.
Sanstorf, J.
Sawyer, Chaa.
Sawyer & Suavely, proprietors
Adams House. Scan Ian, Jas. Schafer, F. Scheizer, Louis, Scully, Michael. Senthany & Neddo, jewelry,
liquors and cigars. Settler, Jas. Seymour, Chas. Seymour, J. J. Shaffer, Jacob. Shea, C. Shea, John. Stepham, M. Shields, John. SheroD, John. Shoulderbach, S. E. Simner, Henry, Simon, Perval, Simons, N, Sinclair, Robt. Smith, Jas.
Smith, John.
Smith, Richard.
Smith, Samuel.
Soderberg, S. E.
Southcombe, Wm.
Spr.jtley, G.
Standenmaier, J. boots & shoes,
Stevens, E. P.
Stevens, H. C. Justice of Peace.
St. Ameue, R.
St. German, Peter.
Stoddard, F. S.
Stonlone, Eli,
Stout, Ed.
Strait, J.
Strumbach, Johu, saloon.
Sullivan, M. T. hotel and salon
Sullivan, T.
Sullivan, Wm.
Sundberg, Frank.
Sutherland, J. A.
Swallen, John.
Swan, John.
Swanson, A. M.
Swanson, C.
Swanson, G.
Swavely, G. A,
Swelliu, B.
Swenderson, P.
Swerenson, C.
Swerensou, J,
Taylor, F. Tersmach, Charles.
T
Theber, Adnrew,
Tibbitts, J, boarding house.
Beards Directory 01' Marquette
Tibbitts, H. L. Tillson, Stephen. Todd, William. TreleaD, E.
Trudo, Isaac.
Vanderyelt, J. Vansou, E. Varney, C. J. in, Ole.
Vellui
Wade, J. E. WaldeD, Jos. Walden, Peter. Walker, G. W. Wallman, Jno. Walsteiu, A. Watson, Frank. Waaliaren, J. Weber, R. Webster, 8. Week, Chas. Wekeland, W. Welander, P. J. Welander, P. 8. Welander, W. S. Wertemberg, A.
Young, P. A. Zimner, M,
Trudo, Jerry. Trudo, Joseph. Turcott, Frank. Tuttle, D.
U
Verestrom, Fred. Vodden, Robert. Vogtlin, A. Vogtlin & Weber, butchers.
W
West, Hayden & Co.,
clothing, and groceries. Weterstrora, Jaa. White, Chas. White, D. W. White, Jos. White, S. Wicklander, A. Wi lander, A. Wilson, E. Wilson, Gust. Wilson, Peter. Wise, Chaa Word, Eugene. Wyley, Jas.
Y
„
Beard S Directouy Of Marquette Counts.
Cherry Creek,
Barns, Edivard, teamster. Bartis, Henry, carpenter. Bishop, O, D. sawyer, Eraser's mills. Berghani, Charles, farmer. Cundy, Charles, farmer. Conol, William, carpenter. Ewing, George E. farmer. Ford, William, farmer. Ford, John, sawyer, Frazer's mills, ©arvey, Thomas, farmer. Garvey, Peter, farmer. Goodman, Barney, contractor. Griffin, James, foreman, Eraser mills. Rowland, James, Fraser mills. Johnson, Angus, contractor and farmer. King, Allen, farmer. King, Frank, carpenter. Kipp, Daniel, farmer, Knox, William, farmer. LaPete, Jack, farmer. I/emarr, Antoine, farmer. Mahaffa, R. J., Fraser mills. MahalTa, John, Fraser mills. Mahaffa, Andrew, Fraser mills. Mahaffa, William, teamster. McCullom, Murray, farmer, Fraser mills. McCoomhs, John, teamster, Fraser mills. McLaughlin, Duncan, teamster, Fraser mills. Moore, James, Fraser mills. Preb, Fred., farmer. Preb, William, farmer. Richards, R. N., farmer. Roberts, W. B., farmer. Saunders, James, laborer, Fraser mills.
beard's directory op MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Suds, Addison, farmer. White, Cyrus B., farmer. White, Jerome, contractor. Zerbel, S., farmer.
Harvey.
Alraent, C. F. Harvey, L. D. sup't Norther
Borgham, Chas. Iron Company.
Bradley, Alonzo. Johnson, A.
Christmas, Oliver. Kunde, Carl.
Ewing, Geo. A. K.opp, Louis.
Frazer, E, & Co. Ludd, May.
Farrell, Patrick. Preit, Wm.
Ford, Wm. Preebe, Fred.
Harvey, C. T. president Ulrich, Carl. Northern Iron Company. White, J. N.
Humbolt.
Allen, J. F. & Co., c
Brodier, L. physician.
LaBarre, N., barber.
Laimaere, F., veterinary surgeon.
Merry weather & Co.. general store.
Merryweather & Sanford, meat market.
Sherman, E. T., silversmith.
St. Ciair, E. G., banker.
Swartz, John L., boot and shoe, maker.
Trotter, Miss, dresstnaker.
Wallis, Thomas, hotel proprietor.
Washington Iron Co., general store.
Washington Iron Mine.
Zeiller, AVilliam, boot and shoe maker.
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164 beard's dibectoky op mabquette county.
Champion.
C3hampion Mining Company. Champion Furnace Company.
Doty, L. H., Postmaster.
Clarksburg.
Amerman, A. S., physician.
Colwe]!, H. J., superintendent Michigan Iron Company.
DuIoDg, E., general store.
Ferray, John, druggist.
Kaiser, John, jeweler.
Greenwood.
Michigan Iron Co., manufacture pig iron, and general store.
„
Early History
Lake Superior,
By C. I. Walkek.
It is now more than two centuries since civilized men penetrated the vast solitudes of the region of Lake Superior.
The history of the early explorations, missions, and settlements in this region is full of deep, romantic, and sometimes tragic interest. The particular site on which has sprung up the city of Marquette was not early brought into prominence. There were here no trading posts, missions, stations, or settlements, but Marquette has outstripped its elder sisters, and is now the metropolis of Lake Superior. In population, wealth, and business, and in its means of communication, it is far in advance of any other point upon the lake ; and in a work devoted to this particular locality, it is eminently appropriate that there should be a reference to the early'history of the whole region of which it is now the metropolis and principal city, and a reverent tribute to the men who here first planted the cross and especially to Father Marquette from whom it derived its name.
From the time when the footsteps of the white man first penetrated the foresra of our commonwealth, until the power of France on our continent was terminated by the victory of Wolf on the plains of Abraham, the entire territory of Michigan was under the undisputed dominion of France. And virtually it remained a pan of Canada until 1796, when, under the pro-
,
166 Eably History Of Lake 8Upebi0E.
visions of Jay's treaty, it was surrendered to the United States. From Prance we received our first laws, onr original social polity, our early religious character. And although the wave of Anglo-Saxon iraraigratton has. within a halt' of a century, rolled in upon us a population of more than a million, it has not obliterated, and it is to be hoped it never will obliterate, the clear and distinct influence upon our social character, of the era of French dominion.
We maj not forget, we should ever be proud to remember, thit, for the first century of its existence, the metropolis of our State, the ' City of the Straits," was essentially French in all Its characteristics.
Missions.
We should never forget that the pioneers of civilization and Christianity, along the shores of the noble rivers and mighty lakes that form the boundaries of our State, were the French Jesuits.
These men, with a firm step and intrepid mien, in the face of dangers, toils, sacrifices and sufferings, which no language can portray, and no imagination adequately conceive, bore aloft the torch of christian truth, amidst the moral darkness and desolation that here reigned in terrible and savage grandeur. And, sustained by a mental and moral discipline, known to few save the followers of Loyaila, and by that unfaltering trust in God, which, thank heaven, is confined to no creed, and to no sect, they met, nay, even welcomed, torture and death with a calm joyoiisneas that finds few parallels in annals of mankind.
The memory of those early Jesuit Missionaries to the Indians has been embalmed in the glowing pages of Bancroft.
It may not be inappropriate or uninteresting to enter somewhat more into detail in relation to their labors upon the shores of Lake Superior.
Quebec was founded by Champlain in 1608. In 1615 the first priests (Recollects) arrived. They were reinforced in 1620, and in 1625 some Jesuits arrived. But these ail returned to France in 1629 on the capture of Quebec by the English. But in 1633, when Champlain returned to his government he brought with him Brebeuf and another priest.
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EAflLY HISTOUY OF LAKE SUPEItlOE. 1()7
Before this perio.t (163) but little progress had been made in the conversion of the Indians. The Hurons were the first nation that cordially opened their hearts to the reception of Christian truth.
They a somewhat anomalous position id relation to jhe two great divisions, into which the Indians, bordering on the St. Lawrence and its tributaries, were divided — -the Algonquins and the Iroquois.
When Jaquis Cartier ascended the St, Lawrence in 1534, he tound its banks mhabited by tribes of the great Algonquin race, and at Hocelaga oi Montreal he found a very populous Indian
When Chiuiplaui in lb08 first raised the banner of France on the rock of fot Louis, tht Algonquins gathered around him to give him a welcome
He found them the hereditary enemies of their neighbors, the Iroqui>' a race uith stmiltr habits, but with a radically different language fewer in numbcrti and occupying a far less extent of territory But these disad\ antagess were more than compensated by their compactness by their admirable system of goverumenl by then supciior prowess, and liy their haughty ambition.
Occupying a tcrrit ly but little larger than the State of New York, they arrogantly aspired to become the Romans of this western world ; the arbiteiB of peace and war, from the Atlantic to the Mississippi, from the great lakes to tlie everglades of Florida. Their tomahawks carried terror and destruction into the villages of the peaceful Illinois on the broad prairies of the west, and the fiendlike yells of their war parties were echoed back by the rocks that ranged themselves along the shores of the mighty lake of the north.
THE HUEONS. The Hurona, or Wyandottes, were of the same lingual stock of the Iroqnis, and occupied for a time a kind of neutral position between the great contestants for aboriginal dominion. They were the intellectual superiors of the Iroqnis, without their love of war, or their lust of power.
They had gathered in large numbers about Georgiao Bay
168 BA.ELY HISTORY OF LAKE SUrERIOR.
and Lake Simcoe, where they sustained themselves by hunting, fishing, and a better system of agriculture than generally prevailed among the Indians.
The year of the settleraeDt of Quebec, Champlain joined an expedition of the Algonquins of the St. Lawrence into the country of the Iroquis, by way of the beautiful lake that bears his name, From him, in that expedition, those fierce warriors first learned the terrible power of firearms.
From that moment (hey became the bitter enemies of the French, who had thus espoused the cause of their hereditary foes, and at frequent intervals, for a century and a half, the French colonies suffered from their vindictive and cruel wrath.
The Hurons, at a very early day, became the fast friends of the French. As early as 1615, (ather Carron visited them, on an embassy of peace and love. And from 1622 to 1625, the Recollects had a mission among them.
On the arrival of the Jesuits, they commenced their labors among the Hurons, — labors that were to have so tragic an end.
Brebeuf acquired a knowledge of their language and manners, and was adopted into their nation.
By the conquest of Canada, 1629, the mission was broken up. But on the restoration of the French power, in 1633, it was renewed with increased zeal and numbers. Then villages were reached by the circuitous, laborious and dangerous route of the Ottawa river, the more direct route being through a country where the Iroquois were found upon the war path.
The journey was replete with difficulties, hardshijts and dangers, — reaching for 300 leagues through dense forests. The rivers were full of rocks and waterfalls, and the missionaries were compelled to ply the paddle, to draw the canoe over rapids, and to carry heavy burdens over roughest portages.
Food was scarce, and the Indians unfriendly. But after severe toil and intense suffering, the sacred envoys, Brebeuf and Daniel, reach the heart of the Huron wilderness, and commence their labors, soon to be followed by the gentle Lallemaut, and many others.
Here, for fifteen years, with calm, impassive courage, aijd
EARLY HISTORY OP I.AKE StirEBIOB. 169
wearied patience, the Jesuits continued their self-denying lahors, in the midst of privations, peril, suffering, insult, contumely and dangers the most inaminent, the details of whiL'h would make a volume of thrilling interest.
The arm of French power had not yet taught the savages the sacred character ol the " Black Coats," as the Jesuits were tailed, to distinguish them from the Recollects, or " Grey Coats."
The medicine men of the Indians, feeling that their craft was in danger, spared no opportunity to arouse against the missionaries savage hate. Misfortune, sickness aud death were all charged upon them, as the fruit of their prayers and ceremonies, and the baptism of a dying infant was sometimes a source of imminent danger.
To avoid this they often resorted to stratagem. Father Pigart, being rudely repulsed from a cabin, whose inmates refused to have a dying infant baptised, offers to tlie little sufferer a piece of sugar, and unperceived, though watched, pressed from a wet cloth a drop of holy water upon its fevered brow.
But ultimately the patience and loving perseverance of the Missionaries overcame all opposition, and the Huron nation received the truth. But the hour of their destruction was at hand. The terrible Iroquis came down upon them like a wolf upon the fold.
In July, 1648, at early dawn, while the men were mostly absent on a hunting expedition, the populous town of Te-an-ansta-que was aroused by the fearful war cry of the Iroquois. The few defenders rally at the feeble palisades, encouraged by the Godly father Daniel. Hastily, as if the salvation of souls hung on each flying moment, he confesses, baptizes by aspersion, pronounces a general absolution, and flies to tlie chapel where many of his iiock have gathered for safety. He does the same there, exhorts them to flee from the rear of the building, while he bodly opens the front door and faces the approaching foe, to give a moment's time to his flying flock.
They recoil at the brave man's presence ; but soon they rally ; his body is pierced with arrows, a fatal bullet finishes the work.
170 EARLY HISTORY OF LAKE SlirEltlOlt.
He falls, — breathing the name of Jesus, and his body is cast into the fire made by his burning chapel.
The following year, in March, other towns fell. The brave and noble Brebeuf and the gentle and loving Gabriel LallemanI, met death by tortures, that ooly demons could invent or demons inflict.
The whole annals of martyrdom scarcely afford a parallel, either in the ingenious cruelty of the tormentors, or in the wonderful fortitude and heroism of the victims.
The Huron nation was destroyed. Many perished by the nand of the enemy ; others submitted and became incorporated into their tribes. Another portion settled near Quebec, and a small fraction, consisting of 600 or 800 fled, first to the Manatoulin Islands, thence to Mackinaw, and irom thence to Bay de Noquet. And when the mission at La Point was established in 1665, they gathered around the standard of the cross, erected by Father Alloney. Driven thence by the Dacotahs, they were established at Mackinaw by Marquette, in 1671.
When Detroit was founded in 1701, they removed to this point. In 1751 they mostly removed to Sandusky, and subsequently, by the name of Wyandottes, took an active and conspicuous part, on the side of the British in the war of the Revolution. They have been, since their dispersion, wanderers without territory of their own, depending for a home, upon the hospitality of other nations.
Fiest Visit To Lake Superior.
It was from the Huron mission, that the first Missionary explorers were sent forth to examine the moral desolation of our own territory. At a feast of the dead, held in Huronia, in early summer 1641, there were in attendance a delegation from the Chippewaa of Sault St. Marie.
The Missionaries, with that skill which was peculiar to them, soon ingratiated themselves into their favor and were cordially invited to return with them to their homes, on the confines of the "great lake," the charms of which they depicted in glowing colors.
Early Iiiktory Of Lake Slterior.
The Missionaries, ever anxious to extend the dominion of the cross, joyfully accepted the invitation.
Charles Eaymbaiilt, a father, thoroughly versed in the Algonquin language and customs, and Isaac Joques, equally familiar with Ihe Huron, were selected. These men were the first who planted the cross within the limits of our State.
On the 17th of June, 1641, they started upon their adventurous voyage. For seventeen days, they plied the paddle on the clear waters of the Northern lakes, and through the channel of the St. Mary's River gemmed by a thousand beautiful islands.
They were kindly and hospitably received by the Chippewas at the Sauit, who urged them to remain with them, that they might profit by their words. They told them of the "Great Lake," of the fierce Dacotabs, and of numerous other tribes, of whom the fathers had never before heard.
But they were compelled to return, and after planting the ero.ss, they left, hoping soon to he able to establish a mission at this promising point among the docile Chippewas.
Raymbault died with consumption the following year, and Jaques met a martyr's death among the Iroquois.
No further attempt was made to send the gospel to the great Northwest, until I606. After the destruction of the Hurons, the Iroquois ranged in proud and haughty triumph, from Lake Erie to Lake Superior.
Upper Canada was desolation, and even the route by the Ottawa river was not safe from the war parties of these bold marauders.
Daring this year, some Ottawas made their way to the St. Lawrence. Two missionaries left to return with them, one, the celebrated and devoted Drcuilletts. They were attacked by the Iroquois. Father Garreau was mortally wounded, and Dreuillettea brutally abandoned.
Another company of Ottawas and other Algonquins, appeared at Quebec in 1660, and asked for a missionary. Missions had now received a fresh impulse from the pious Levalle, the first bishop of Quebec, who came out in 1639.
i,
it 2 EARLY HISTORY OF LAKE SUPERIOR.
Father Mesnakd.
Father Mesoard was selected as the first ambassador of the cross on the shores of "Gitchie Gumee," the "Big Sea Water."
The choice was a fit one. He had been a compeer of those noble men who had enriched Huronia's soil with their blood.
He had experienced every vicissitude of missionary service and suffering. He had rejoiced in baptizing many a convert on the banks of the beautiful Cayuga, and his seamed face attested the wounds he had received in the cause of truth. Tha frosts of many winters adorned his brow, and severity of toil and suffering had somewhat broken his frame, yet his spirit was still strong, and he was ready for the sacrifice.
Although not buoyed up by the enthusiasm of youth, or inexperience, he not only did not recoil from the labor, peril, suffering and death, which he felt awaited him, but he cheerfully looked forward, as the truest happiness, to a death of misery, in the service of God.
Alone, in August, 1660, he leaves the haunts of civilization, and puts himself into the hands of savage strangers, who treated the aged priest with coarse brutality. From morning till night, in a cramped position, they impel him to ply the unwelcome paddle ; and over sharp rocks to drag the canoe up the foaming rapids ; aod at portages, to carry heavy burdens.
He is subjected to every form of drudgery ; to every phase of insult and contempt. Want, absolute and terrible conies in to enhance the horrors of the voyage. Berries and edible moss are exhausted ; and the moose skin of their dresses is made to yield its scanty aud disgusting nutriment.
Finally, with his breviary contemptuously cast into the water; barefooted, wounded by sharp stones, exhausted from toil, hunger, and brutal treatment; without food, or the means of procuring any, he is abandoned, upon the desolate shores of Lake Superior to die.
But even savage cruelty relents. After a few days, during which time he supports life with pounded bones, his Indian companions return, and convey him to their winter rendezvous, which they reach October 15th, St. Theresa Day. From that
„
Eably History Op I
'. Superior.
circumstance he called it "St. Theresa Bay," probably Keweeoaw Bay.
Here, amidst every discouragemeDt and privation, with uo white brethren nearer than Montreal, he began a mission and said "Mass," which he says, "repaid me with usury, for all my past hardships."
For a time he was permitted a place in the dirty camp of Le Bouchet, the chief of the baud, and who had ao cruelly abandoned him. But this aged and feeble servant of God was soon thrust out and forced to spend the long and bitter cold winter on that inhospitable shore, in a little cabin, built of fir branches, piled upon one another, through which the winter winds whistled freely, and which answered the purpose, " not so much," says the meek missionary, " to shield me from the rigor of the storm, as to correct my imagination, and persuade me that I was sheltered." Want, famine, that frequent curse of the improvident tribes that skirt the great " Northern Lake," came, with its horrors, to make more memorable this first effort to plant the cross by the waters of Lake Superior.
" O the long and dreary winter !
O the cold and cruel winter !
Ever tliicker, thitkec, thicker, ,
Froze the ice on lake and river ;
Ever deeper, deeper, deeper.
Fell the snow o'er all the landscape,
Fel! the covering snow, and drifted.
Through the forest, round the village. Hardly, from his buried wigwam, Could the hunter force a passage ; With his mittens and hin gnow-shoes. Vainly walked he through the forest ; Sought for bird and beast, but found none, Saw no track of deer nor rabbit. In the snow beheld no foot-print , In the ghaHtly, gleaming forest. Fell,— and could not rise from weakness. Perished there, — from cold and hunger.
O the famine and the fever I O the wasting of the famine 1 the blasting of the fever I
„
Il4 EARLY HISTORY OF LAKE SUPEEIOR.
O the wailing of the children ! O the angiiiflh of the women ! All the earth wan stick anii famiEthed, Hungry was the air around them ; Hungry was the sky above them ; And the hungry stars in heaven, Like the eyes of wolves, glared at them." Yet, the good father found sources of consolation even here, and desired not to be taken down from the adorable wood.
A few adults listened to his words of love, and some dying infants were baptized.
Spring came and relieved the pressure of physical suffering, and hopefully did the missionary labor on.
The band of partially christianized Huroiis, — who, on the destruction of their nation, had sought refuge from the Iroquois in these northern fastnesses, — were now at Bay de Noquet ; and they sent for Father Mesnard to come and administer to them the rites of religion. It was a call he could not resist, although warned that the toil of the journey was too great for his failing strength, and that dangers beset his path. He replied, "God calls me thither, I must go, if it costs me my life,"
He started ; but on the 10th of August, 1661, while his only attendant was getting the canoe over a portage, he wandered into the forest, and was never seen more.
Whether he took a wrong path and was lost in the wood, or whether some straggling Indian struck him down, was never known.
Thus ended the life of Father Mesnard, the first christian missionary who labored within the bounds of our commonwealth. Although possessed of no striking qualities, yet, by his fervent pie, by his faithful and incessant toil ; by his calm endurance, of hardship and suffering ; by his noble christian courage ; by his earnest faith and christian hope, he had become one of the most useful missionaries in the new world; commanding the respect of his superiors, the love of his equals, and the veneration of the Indians.
As a pioneer in our own State, Michigan should cherish his memory, and seek to perpetuate a knowledge of his virtues. But
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Early Histoey Of Lake Supehior. 175
as yet, not a stream, not a bay, not a headband, bears bis honored name ; and on the shores of the great lake where he first raised the cross, that emblem of our faith, even his existence is hardly known.
Hardhi|>s, discouragements, persecutions and death, seemed only to excite the Jesuits to renewed and more energetic effort to carry [be gospel to the poor Indian.
Father Allouez.
In lG6i>, Claude Allouez left Quebec to commence a christian mission on the shores of Lake Superior. He may well be called the founder of northwestern missions ; the real pioneer of Christianity and civilization in the region bordering on the great northern and western lakes.
He had not that cultivated intellect ; that refined taste ; that genial heart ; that elevation of soul ; that forgetfulness of self; that freedom from exaggeration, that distinguished father Marquette ; but he was a strong character, of dauntless courage ; of ceaseless and untiring energy ; full of zeal ; thoroughly acquainted with the Indian character, and eminently a practical man. For a full quarter of a century, he was the life and soul of the missionary enterprise in Wisconsin and Illinois, and to some extent, Michigan.
On his voyage to the Sault, he was subjected, — as was generally the case with the missionaries until the arm of French power was distinctly felt in those remote regions,— to the keenest insult and to the coarsest brutality from his Indian conductors. He reached the Sault early in September. He passed on beyond. For a whole month he coasted along the shores of the Great Lake, which he named de Tracy, in honor of the Marquis de Tracy, then in command of Canada as governor, and in October, at Chegonnegon, the beautiful La Point of our day, he raised the standard of the cross, and boldly preached its doc-
The Hurous, in search of whom father Mesnard lost his life, some of the converts of father Mesnard, and many heathen bandit, gathered around the solitary priest, and listened to his
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176 Early History Op Lake Superior.
words ; yet they opened not their hearts readily to "the prayer."
He visited remote tribes, and after seeing how broad was the harvest, and how ripe for the sickle, he descended, in 1667, to Quebec, for more laborers. Quickly he moved ; promptly he acted.
In two days after his arrival, he was on his way back to his beautiful northern field, with an additional priest and a lay brother in his company.
He remained at La Point until father Marquette took his place, in the fail of 1679, when he founded the mission of St. Francs Xavier at Green Bay.
After father Marquette's death, he succeeded him in the Illinois mission, and afterwards founded the mission of St. Joseph, on our own beautiful river of that name.
It does not fall in with our purpose to trace the interesting career of this man, and point out his abundant labors and untiring zeal as a missionary, or his valuable services as an explorer ; for our own soil was but incidentally the field of his efforfa. FATHER MARQUETTE.
But of all the men whose names are connected with the early history of Lake Superior, there is ooue toward whom we turn with ao warm a love and so high a veneration as to James Marquette.
His cultivated mind, his refined taste, his warm and genial nature, his tender love for the souls in his charge, his calm and immovable courage in every hour of danger, his cheerful submission to the little privations and keen suffering attending the missionary life, his important discoveries, his devotion to truth, his catholic spirit, and last but not least, his early, calm, joyous and heroic death, all entitle him to that high place in the regard of posterity which his memory has been slowly, but surely acquiring,
Marquette was bom in 1637. He was of gentle blood, having descended from the most notable family in the small, but ancient and stately city of Leon, in the north of France.
The family have for centuries, been eminent for a devotion
„
Eably Histoby Op Lake 9Upeei0B. 177
to toilitftry life, and three of its members shed their blood upon our own soil duriDg the war of the Revolution.
a Through the instructions of a pious mother, he became, at an early age, imbued with an earnest desire to devote himself to a religious life.
At the age of seventeen he renounced the allurements of the world, and entered the society of Jesus. As required by the rules of the order he spent two years in those spiritual exercises prescribed by their great founder. Then, for ten long years, he remained under the remarkable training and teaching of the order, and acquired that wonderful self-control, thai quiet repose, that power of calm endurance, that unquestioning obedience to his superiors ; that thirst tor trial, suffering and death (hat marked the Jesuits in this, the golden age of their power.
He took for his model in life the great Xavier, and, like him, longed to devote his days to the conversion of the heathen, and like him, Co die in the midst ol his labors, in a foreign land, alone. ,
Although lie had not that joyous hilarity of soul; that gay buoyancy of spirit ; and that wonderful power over men, that ao distinguished the Apostle to the Indies ; yet, he had much of that sweetness of disposition, that genial temperament, that facile adaptation to circumstances, that depth of love, and that apostolic neal which belonged to that wonderful man.
Panting for a missionary life, Marquette, at the age of twenty-nine sailed for New France, which he reached September 20, 1666.
Early in October, he was placed under the tuition of the celebrated Father Dreuillette at " Three Rivers" to learn the native language.
After a year and a half of preparation, he left for the Sault Bt. Mary to plant the first permanent mission and settlement witliin the bounds of our State,
There were then about 2,000 Indians at this point ; the facility with which they could live by fishing, making it one of the most populous places in Indian territory.
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178 I-IAIILY illMTOKY UP LAKIC KUl'EitlOit.
They were Algonquins, mostly Chippeways, and received the teachings of the good father with great docility, and would gladly have been baptized, but the wise and cautious missionaij' withheld the rite until he could clearly instruct them in christian duty. In the following year, he was joined by Father Dablou, when the first oliristtan church on Michigan soil was erected. But he was not long to remain in this first field of his labors. In obedience to orders from his superiors, in the fall of .1669 he went to La Potute, to take the place of Allouez, who proceeded to found a mission at Green Bay. For a whole month, through much suffering and in constant peril of his life, he coasted along the shores of Lake Superior, contending with fierce winds, ice and snow.
At La Point, he found 400 or 500 Hurons, a company of Ottawas and some other tribes.
The Hurons liad mostly been baptized ; and, he says " still preserve some Christianity." " Other tribes," to use his own language, " were proud and undeveloped " and he had so little hope of them that he did not bagtize healthy infants, watching only for those that were sick.
It was oniy after long months of trial that he baptized the first adult, after seeing his assiduity in prayer, his frankness in recounting his past life, and his promises for the future.
Here an Illinois captive was given to him, and he immediately commenced to learn the language from this rude teacher, and as he gradually acquired a knowledge of it, his loving heart warmed towards the kind hearted and peaceful nation, and he longed to break to them the bread of life.
" No one," he exclaims, " must hope to escape crosses in our missions, and the best means to live happy is not to fear them ; but in the enjoyment of little crosses hope for others still greater. The Illinois desire us, like Indians, to share their miseries and suffer ail that can be imagined in barbarism. They are lost sheep, to be sought through woods and thorns."
Here it was, in the heart of this Northern winter, surrounded by his Indians, talking in a broken manner with bis Illinois captive, that he conceived the idea of a voyage of discovery.
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EATlLY HISTORY OF LAKE 8UPEUI0R. 179
He hears of a great river, the Missiasippi, whose course is southward. He says, this great river can hardly empty into Virginia, and we rather believe that its mouth is in Califiirnia. He rejoices in the prospect of seeking for this unknown stream, with one Frenchman and tliis Illinois captive as his only companions, if the Indians will, according to their agreement, make him a canoe. This discovery, he says, will give us a complete knowledge of the southern and western sea.
But his further labors at La Pointe and his plans of present discovery were suddenly terminated by the breaking out of war.
The fierce Dacotahs, those Iroquois of the West, who inspired the feeble tribes about them with an overpowering awe, threatened to desolate the region of La Pointe.
The Ottawaa first left, and then the Hurons, who seemed destined to be wanderers upon the face of the earth without a spot they could call their own, turned their faces to the east.
Their hearts fondly yearned for that delightful home, from which they had been so cruelly driven twenty years before. And we may well imagine that the devoted missionary longed to labor in that field, made sacred by the blood of Daniel, Brebeuf, Lallemant, and others.
But the dreaded Iroquois were too near and too dangerous neighbors for such an experiment, and with their missionary at their head, they selected for their home the point known as St. Ignace, opposite Mackinaw.
Bleak, barren and inhospitable as was this spot, it had some peculiar and compensatory advantages. It abounded with fish, and was on the great highway of a growing Indian commerce.
Here, in the summer of 1671, a rude church, made of logs, and covered with bark, was erected, and about it clustered the still ruder cabins of the Hurons. Near the chapel and inclosing the cabins was erected a palisade to defend the little colony against the attacks of predatory Indians.
Thus did Marquette become the louder of Mackinaw, as he had before been of Sault St. Mary. Some of the Hurons were still idolaters, and the Indians were weak and wayward, but he looked upon them with parental love.
„
lot) EARLY HI8T0EY OF LAKE 8UPEBI0B.
" They have," he writes, in 1672, " come regularly to prayers and have listened more readily to the tnatructioos I gave them, coDsenting to what I required to prevent their disorders and aboininatioua. We must have patience with untutored mindi who know only the devil who, like their anceutora hie been hia alavea, and who often relapse into the sins in whith they were nurtured." "God ahne tan fix their feeble mind and plaie and keep them in his grace, and touch their heart while we stammer at their ears '
A large colony of Ottawus, located neat the miion although intractable, received his faithful and loving attention, thus, "stammering at their eai--, and trusting that God would reach the heart, the good father, through private u suffering and mees sant toil, subjected to every caprice, iiHult and petty persecution, labored for two yets, cheered by the privilege of occasionally baptising a dying infant, and rejoicing in a airaple, mournful, loving faith in its death. Hearing of a sick infant, he saya, " I went at once and baptized it, and it died the next night. Some of the other children, too, are dead, and are now in heaven. These are the consolations which God sends us, which make us esteem our life more happy as it is more wretched."
Here, again, his attention was called to the discovery of the Missiasippi, which he bought, that new nations might be open to the gospel of peace and good will.
In a letter to his superior, after speaking of his field of labor, he aays : " I am ready to leave it in the hands of another missionary, and go, on your order, to seek new nations towards the South Sea, who are atill unknown to us, and teach them of our great God, whom they have hitherto unknown,"
Hiji fond wishes in this regard were about to be gratified. The news ol the great river at the westward, running to the southern aea, had reached the ears of the great Colbert, and through him, of Louis XIV. himself.
They did not fail to see the infinite advantage of discovering and possessing thia great element of territorial power.
The struggle for dominion in America between the English and the French, was then pending. If the English settlements,
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EARLY HISTORY OF LAKE SUPERIOR. lol
then feeble and scattered along the Atlantic coast, conld be hemmed in by a series of French posta, from the " Great Lakes" to the Southern Sea, France would control the continent, and arnbitious schemes of Britain would be nipped in the bud.
Colbert authorized the expedition, and was ably seconded by the wise energy and sagacious forecast of Count Fronteiiac and of Talon, Governor and Intendant of Uew France,
Jolliet, a young, intelligent and enterprising merchant, of Quebec, and Marquette, were appointed to execute the project.
In the fall of 1672, Jolliet arrived at Mackinaw with the joyful news. Marquette had, as he says, long invoked the " blessed virgin" that he might obtain of God the grace to be able to visit the nations of the Mississippi.
He is enraptured at the good news that his desires are about to be gratified ; that he is to expose his life for the salvation of those nations, and especially of the Illinois.
They were not to leave until spring During that long dreary winter on that desolate point, he spent his leisure time in gathering from the Indians all possible information of the unknown region they were about to visit, and tracing upon the bark of the birch, maps of the courses of rivers, and writing down the names of the nations and tribes inhabiting their banks, and of the villages they should visit
On the 17th of May, 1673, in two bark canoes, manne.i by five men, and stocked with a small supply of Indian com and dried venison, the two explorers left Mackinaw,
" Our joy at being chosen," says the good father, " for this expedition, roused our courage and sweetened the labor of rowing from morning till night." And merrily over the clear waters of Iake Michigan did they ply the paddle of their light canoe.
And the forest life was in it ;
All its mystery and majjie ;
All the brightness of the birch tree,
All the toughness of the cedar,
All the beech's supple sinews.
And it floated on the watrr
Like a yellow leaf in autamn.
Like a yellow water lily."
182 Eably History Of Lake Sufebiob.
At Green Bay, the friendly Indians did all in their power to prevent the further progress of the expedition. They pictured to the courageous explorers, the fierce Dacotahs with their long black hair, their eyes of fire, and their terrible tomahawks of stone ; who never spared strangers.
They told of the wars then raging, and the war parties on every trail. They described the danger of navigation, of frightful rapids and sunken rocks, of fearful monsters that swallowed up men and canoes together ; of a cruel demon that stops the passage and engulfed the navigator who dares to invade his dominion; of excessive heats that would infallibly cause their death.
The good father told them that the salvation of souls was concerned, and that in such a cause he would gladly lay down his life ; that of the dangers they described, they had no fear.
On went the travelers, toilfuliy ascending the Fox River, dragging their canoes up the rapids, over sharp stones that lacerated their bleeding and unprotected feet.
In ten days from leaving Mackinaw, they had passed the portage; had launched their canoes upon the wateis of the Wisconsin and commenced its descent towards the Mississippi.
For seven days they floated down its crystal waters. Vineclad islets, fertile banks, diversified with wood, prairie and hill, alive with deer and moose, delight their vision, but no human being is seen.
On the 17th of June, 1673, with joy, " which," says the good father, "I cannot express," they entered the great river, and the longed-for discovery is made, and the " Father of Waters" is given to the civilized world.
It is true that De Soto, in that fool-hardy and sadly unfortunate expedition, that has added a thrilling chapter to American history, had, 130 years before, discovered the lower Mississippi, but it seems never to have been revisited, and the very knowledge of it bad died out.
For seven days more the joyous adventurers floated down its broad bosom, following its gentle curves, before they saw a human being.
EAKLV HlHTOIiY OF LAKE HUrEKIOl!. iHS
The scenery has changed. The islands are more beautiful. There is little wood, and no hill ; deer, moose, bustard ind wingless swans abound. As they descend, the turkey takes the plaee of sraallergame, and the buffalo of other beats Although the solitude becomes almost iusupporiable, and they lon to see other human faces than their own, yet they move with caution They light but little fire at night, on shore just to prepare a meal, then move as far as possible from it, author their canoes in the stream and post a sentinel, to warn them of approaching danger.
Finally, on the 26th of June, they discover footprints by the water side, and a well beaten trail leading off through a beautiful prairie, on the west bank.
They are in the region of the wild and dreaded Dacotahs, and they conclude that a village is at hand. Coolly braving the danger, and Jolliet leave their canoes in charge of the men ; they take to the trail, and in silence for two leagues they follow its gentle windings, until they come in sight of two Indian villages.
Having committed themselves to God, and implored his help, they approach so near that they hear conversation, without being discovered, and then stop and announce their presence by a loud outcry. The Indians rushed from their cabins, and seeing the unarmed travelers, they after a little, depute four old men to approach them, which they do very slowly.
Father Marquette inquires who they are, and is rejoiced to learn that they are Illinois. He can speak to them in their own language.
They offer the pipe of peace, which is here first named the " calumet." They are most graciously received at the first village.
An old man, perfectly naked, stands at the cabin door, with his hand raised toward the sun, and he exclaims, " How beautiful is the sun, O Frenchmen, when thou comest to visit ua. Our town awaits thee, and thou shalt enter all our cabins in peace," There was a crowd of people who devoured them with their eyes. They had never before seen a white man. As the travelers
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l04 EARLY HISTORY OP LAKE SUPERIOR.
passed to another village, to visit the chief sachem, the people rail ahead, threw themselves upoD the grass by the wayside, and awaited their coming, then again ran on before in order to get a second and third opportunity to gaxe at them.
After several days stay with this kind and hospitable people, our adventurers pass on down the river as far as Arkansas, when finding that they could not safely proceed further, they commenced to retrace their steps on the 17th of July, just one month after entering the Mississippi, and just two months after leaving Mackinaw.
They ascend the beautiful Illinuia, which is now, for the first time, navigated by civilized men. They are delighted at the fertility of the soil, with the beautiful prairies and charming forests which swarm with wild cattle, deer, bustards, swans, ducks, and parrots. They stop at an Illinois town of seventyfour cabins and Father Marquette promises to remrn and instruct them in the truth of religion.
One of the chiefs, with his young men, escort the company to the lake at Chicago, and they return to Green Bay.
Thus ended that eventful voyage that added the delightful region of the upper Msssissippi to the geography of the known world, and gave to Fiance advantages which, had they not been prodigally thrown away, in the wicked folly of the reign of Louis XV., might have given to America a widely different history.
Jolliet, with his journal and maps, passed on to Quebec, but he lost all his papers by the capsizing of his canoe, before reaching there.
Marquette remained at Green Bay to recruit from a disease brought on by his exhausting toils and his many exposures.
From here he forwarded a report of his journey to his superior. It was drawn up with admirable skill and a genuine modesty that became his magnanimous soul. The map accompanying the report, drawn, as it was, without surveys and without instruments, is wonderful for its accuracy of outline. Indeed, this may be said of most of the maps of that period, which were drawn up by the Jesuits, who, while they seemed mainly to have in view the conversion of the savages, yet proved themselves to
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EAELY HISTORY OF LAKE SUPERIOR. lo5
be the most valuable of discoverers, and the most careful of observers.
It was Dot until late in October, 1674, that Marquette was so far recruited as to attempt to perform his promise to the Illinois.
He then Jefl Green Bay with two French voyageura for his companions, but before he reached Chicago, by the slow process of coasting the shores of a stormy lake, at an inclement season, hjs disease, a chronic dysentery, returned upon him with its full force.
The streams by which he expected to reach his mission ground were frozen, and he was too weak to go by land. Here, in this then solitude, but where now stands a city with over 300,000 inhabitants, alone with his two voyagers, in a rude cabin which afforded but slender protection from the bitter inclemencies of the season, in feeble health, living on the coarsest food, with a consciousness that be was never to recover, he passed the long winter of 1674-5.
He spent much time in devotion, beginning with the exercises of St. Ignatius, saying mass daily, confessing his companions twice a week, and exhorting them, as his strength allowed. Though earnestly longing to commence his mission amongst hia beloved Illinois, yet he was cheerfully resigned to the will of God.
After a season of Special prayer, that he might so far recover as to take possession of the land of the lUiuois, in the name of Christ, his streuglh increased, and on the 29th of March, he left his solitary and desolate wintering, and in ten days he reached his destination.
The Illinois, to the number of six hundred fires, were awaiting his arrival. Tliey received him with unbounded joy, as an angel from heaven, come to teach them the prayer. After much private teaching from cabin to cabin, and exhortation to the principal chiefs, he gathered them in grand concourse, and there, .in a lovely April day, upon a beautiful open plain, with thousands of the tawny sons and daughters of the prairie hanging upon hia lips, the dying man preached Christ, and him crucified.
His persuasive words were received with universal approba-
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186 Early History Of Lake Superior.
tion, while his fast-failing strength warned him that his own days were numbered.
He desired to reach hia former mission of St. Ignatius, at Mackinaw, before his departure, that he might die with his religious brethren, and leave his bones among his beloved Hnrona. He promised the Illinois that some other teacher of the prayer should take his place and continue the mission, and bade them a loving and regretful farewell.
They escorted him, with great barbaric pomp to the lake, contending with one another for the honor of carrying his little
For many days, accompanied only by his two voyageurs, he coasted in his frail canoe along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, his strength rapidly failing and his precious life ebbing away. He became entirely helpless, and was lifted like a child into and from the canoe. His vision also failed, but his gentleness, his cheerful joy in the prospect before him, and his calm trust in God never faltered.
Daily he recited his breviary. He encouraged his desponding companions, and exhorted them to put confidence in the God of their salvation, who would not forsake them.
They read to him, at his request, a meditation on death, which he had long before prepared for this eventful hour. Often did he, with hopeful voice exclaim, I believe that my Eeedemer liveth." On the evening before his death, with a face radiant with joy, he told his companions that on the morrow he should die. Calmly and sweetly, as if talking of the death of another, he gave directions as to the disposition of hia body.
On the following day as he approached the mouth of a river, he pointed ont the place for his burial, upon an eminence on its bank. The weather was propitious, and the voyageurs passed on. But a wind arose, and they were driven back to the livers' mouth, which they entered- He was carried on shore; a fire was kindled ; a slight shelter of bark raised, and he was laid upon the sand.
Here he gave his last instructions ; thanked his followers for their faithful and long service; administered to them the rites
Early Histoky Of Lake Superior. 187
of their religion; sent by them his last kind message to his religions brethren, and bade them go and take their rest, until his final hour should come. After two or three hours, and as he was about to eater hia agony, he called them, gave them a last embrace, asked for the holy water, handed one of them his crucifix from his neck, taking him to hold it before him, and with hia eyea fixed sweetly upon it, pronounced hia profession of faith, and thanked God that he had granted him the grace to die a missionary of the cross, in a foreign land alone.
As his spirit was about to pass, one of his companions cried aloud " Jesus Marie !" Aroused by the around, he repeated the worda, and as if aome glorious object appeared to him, he fixed his dying gaze beyond, and above the crucifix, and with a countenance ail beaming with holy rapture, his soul departed without a struggle, as gently as if he had fallen asleep.
Thus, on the 18th of May, 167-7, at the age of 38, and after nine years of faithful service in the missionary field, father Marquette departed, and like his great model, the apostle to the Indies, he died upon a desolate beach, and like him, his dying hour was illuminated by a radiance from a brighter world.
The little stream, upon whose banks he breathed his last, still beara his honored name. And there will ever be connected with that spot tender remembrances and hallowed associations. In 1821, father Ricllard, the well beloved priest at Detroit, paid to it a loving pilgrimage, and erected thereon a wooden cross, with an inscription traced iu rude characters with a pen knife, in its crude simplicity a fit tribute from a fit man.
But no enduring marble is required to preserve in fresh fragrance the memory of his virtues. Hia is one of thoae few, those immortal names, " that were not born to die."
But hia mortal remains do not repose in their original rest ing place. Two years after his death, the Indians belonging to his mission of St. Ignatius, returning from their winter huntinggrounds, stopped at his grave, sought his remains, and according to an Indian custom, cleaned his booed, placed them reverentially in a box of birchen bark, and then in a mournful proceasioii, the thirty canoes moved on towards Mackinaw.
188 Early History Of Lake Superior.
Before reachiDg the mission, they were met by fathers Pieraon and Nouvelle, and all the Indians at the Mission, who came out to pay a fond tribute to their best beloved missionary.
Then the solemn De PeofundU was intoned, and then, with all appropriate rites the preoious remains were deposited in the church, and on the following day, in a vault beneath the church.
The mission was subsequently removed to Old Mackinaw, and the rude church has long since disappeared, and the precise spot where the remains of father Marquette now lie, mingled with the dust, is not known.
At The Sault.
When Marquette left the Sault, In 1669, the wise and evangelic Dablon, then principal of all the Ottawa missions.as the of the upper lakes were named,— was in charge of i at that point.
He was succeeded by father Drouilleta, who, full of sanctity and zeal, labored there with most wonderful success, for nine years.
Large numbers were baptized, and in general council, the Indians adopted the God of prayer as their God.
Here, in June, 1671, took place a most impressive ceremony.
In October, 1770, M. Talon, lutendant of New France, commissioned Sieur de St. Lnsson. commissioner to search for copper mines, and take possession of the country through which he should pass, in the name of the King of France. M. Perrot, an interpreter well known to the Indians, and of great influence among them, in the Spring of 1671, was directed to gather together the Indian nations of these northern lakes, at the Sault, and a grand council was held on the 14th of June, at which fourteen of these nations were largely represented, St. Luason caused a cross to be prepared end erected, and near it a cedar pole to which was affixed the arms of France, and then " In the name of the most high, most mighty, and most redoubtable monarch, liouis 14th, of the christian name. King of France and Navarre," he took possession of the whole lake region, and the countries, rivers contiguous and adjacent thereto, whether discovered, or to be discovered, bounded by the Northern and Western Seas, and
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Early Histosy Op Lake Superior. 189
by the South Sea, declaring that these regions were dependant upon his Eoajeaty, and subject to his Jaws and customs. There were present on this occasion fathers Dabion, Drouillets, Allouez and Andre, together with various officers, soldiers and citizens. Allouez made a famous speech in praise of the greatness of the French King. The ceremony was one calculated to deeply impress the savage mind.
Results Of Jesuit Missions.
It would be a grateful task to dwell upon the labors and character of those Jesuits who were the compeers of Marquette and Dablou.
But with these men passed away the " golden age" of the Jesuits in the Northwest. They were among the best fruits of that wonderful system which for a century and a half made the order of Jesus one of the greatest powers of the world.
They were placed in circumstances that developed in an extraordinary degree many of the best results of that traini ng and discipline instituted by Loyaila, without at the same time bringing forth those bitter evils that are among their natural fruits.
They exhibited great learning, a high self-control, an inflexibility of purpose, an enduring constancy, an unwearied patience in toil and hardship, a calm courage that despised danger and triumphed over the intensest suffering, a fervent zeal, and an earnestness of devotion that find few parallels in history. They did not develop, nor did the circumstances of their situation tend to develop that bitter intolerance, that hatred of civil and religious freedom, that passion for intrigue, that systematic treachery, that insatiate lust of power, and that unscrupulous and cruel abuse of power when obtained, that marked the Jesuits of Europe, and aroused against them the deep indignation of Protestant and Catholic Christendom, and that led to their expulsion from the most enlightened Catholic kingdoms of Europe, and their suppression by the Pope himself.
But the influences that were already operating in the courts of Europe, and undermining Jesuitical power there, began to be felt in the wilds of Canada.
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190 Eakly History Op Lake Superior.
Colbert, the great minister of the grand monarch, liked them not, and Frontenac cordially hated them.
From 1671 to 1681, and from 1689 to hia death, in 1698, he was at the head of affairs in Canada. The Recollects, whom he favored, were re-established in the new world.
Jealousies and dissensions sprang up, and in a thousand ways the plans and the purposes of the Jesuits were thwarted. Special efforts were made to ruin their influence at court.
It is a curious study to read the voluminous dispatches that passed between Canada and the court of France.
. Louis XIV was at the very culmination of his power, and in the full exercise of that system of centralized absolutism founded by Richelieu and perfected by himself.
He was as minutely informed of the transactions of an insignificant post on the watery wastes of Lake Superior, as if they were taking place on the banks of the Seine. And the minutest orders issued from his ministers, and sometimes from himself id relation to these distant places.
In seeking to give to the Jesuits who distinguished themselves in the early annals of the Northwest, their true place upon the pages of history, we cannot place them beside the founders of New England.
They were not, in any sense, the founders of empires. They did not lay foundations broad and deep for free institutions. And even as missionaries among the Indians they seem to have exerted but little permanent influence upon Indian life and character.
"As from the wing the sky no scar retains, Ihe parted wave, no furrow from the keel ;"
So Indian character and destiny show us no distinct trace of the abundant and self-denying labors of these men.
At least those traces are sadly disproportioned to the learning, the piety, the fervent zeal and the precious human life bestowed upon this field of labor.
Doubtless, mme of the causes of this result lie deep in Indian character, and the unfavorable circumstances surrounding them. But there are, es we conceive, other causes, growing out of the
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Early Hi8T0By Op Lake Superior. 191
fundamentally erroneous system of Jesuit Catholicism still more effective ; causes that must ever prevent that system from accomplishing any great permanent good for the race.
There is no element of freedom in it ; unlimited, unquestioning obedience is of its very essence. To develop the human soul and intellect, it must, like the body, have freedom.
But if they were not founders of empires, if they did little or nothing towards the elevation of Indian character, these men Bull have a proud place upon the historic page, which all should readily concede.
As discoverers and explorers, they have had few superiors.
Persevering, self-denying, toil-enduring, courageous — no privations disgusted, no hardships appalled, no dangers terrified.
Contemptuous of threatened evil, they boldly placed themselves in the power of untutored and unfriendly savages; living with them in their dirty camps; partaking of their inconceiv. ably filthy food; sleeping with them and their dogs; annoyed by their vermin ; poisoned with their stench ; submitting meekly to the contumely of the haughty, and the insults and brutality of the mean.
Calmly,, persistently they braved the forced toil of paddling the canoe, or over sharp stones and up foaming rapids of dragging its weight, often wading waist deep in water, or plunging through ice and snow.
Piercing winds, bitter cold, dire want, and terrific danger, were among their common trials. Yet they persevered with a ceaseless assiduity and untiring energy, that no suffering could subdue. Industriously they traveled, anxiously they inquired, carefully they observed, and carefully and minutely, under every disadvantage, hy the light of the glimmering camp fires, they committed the result of their travels, inquiries and observations to writing. They opened to France and the world a knowledge of the great Northwest, of the mighty lakes and noble rivers, of these beautiful prairies and extensive forests.
They were not only discoverers, but they were pioneers, in the pathway of civilization.
Following in their footsteps came the trader, the voyageur,
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Early History Of Lake Superior, 192
the soldier, and ultimately the mechanic, the farmer, the merchant and the gentleman.
Delightful French hamlets sprung up by the side of the mission station, and there was reproduced in the forest recesses of the new world a new and delightful edition of rural life, amid the vales and vine-clad hills of France.
But their chiefest claim to admiration lies in their personal character, Ih. ir apostolic zeal, and their sublime and heroic virtues. Actuated by no love of glory, inspired by no hope of self-aggrandizement, but panting with an earnest desire to save souls for whom Christ had died, and to open 'the pathway to heaven to benighted heathen, they faced the untold horrors of the missionary life, among wild, wandering, irreverent, brutal savages; and here developed in the midst ot trials the most severe, those christian graces of character to which our attention has been called, and which entitle them to a high rank among the christian heroes of the world.
Success could have added nothing to the rich fragrance of their virtues.
It becomes ua, who now occupy the soil, enriched and made sacred by their tears, their toil, their suffering and their death, not only to revere, but to perpetuate their memories. FUR TRADE.
It is probable that the French fur traders had penetrated the region of Lake Superior in advance of the missionaries. But of this we have no authentic record. But the establishment of the missions and the success of the missionaries very largely promoted the fur trade, and it became a source of very great profit and wealth. The settlement of Canada, the growth of Montreal and Quebec, and the prosperity of all the French settlements therein was very largely owing to the importance of this trade. The commerce in beaver skins alone was immense, and the profits enormous.
It is said that two-thirds of the furs that entered into this trade came from the region of the upper lakes.
At first this trade was carried on without restrictions, and especially by a class of peraons known as Cuureurs de B,ois, or
,y
Eably History Of Lake Superior, 136
rangers of the wood, maay of whom were of a most disorderly character.
For the purpose of regulating the trade the Governor-General of Canada, by direction of the King, granted to some twenty-five gentlemen each year, & license to engage in this trade, and all others were strictly prohibited from engaging in it upon pain of death. At first each licensee was permitted to send out two canoes, with six meo and a thousand crowns in merchandise suitable for the savage trade. It was especfed that this merchandise would purchase one hundred and sixty packs of beaver skins, worth eight thousand crowns.
The profits upon the trade were divided between the licensees, the merchant who furnished the goods, and the Coureurs de Bois, who collected and bought them in. In addition to this, the merchant who took the furs usually made a large profit thereon.
The immense profits of this trade aroused the cupidity of the English traders residing in New York, and they were determined to at least share in the trade of the upper lakes, and if possible, to control it.
For nearly a century the English spared no efforts and no expense to secure this result. They paid higher prices for beaver skins than was paid by the French at Montreal, and they succeeded in corrupting many of the French traders, and induced them to sell their furs to them. Through their allies, the Iroquois, they endeavored to enlist the Oltawas and Chippewas in their interest, sometimes through fear, sometimes through hope of gain.
It was a matter of vital interest to the French of Canada to keep the control of this trade, and especially to retain in their interest the Ottawas and Chippewas, who were among the most successful hunters.
To this end they employed enterprising and active agents to go among the Indians and obtain an Influence over them.
One of the most useful and successful of these agents was Duluth, whose name has been perpetuated by naming a town for him. Duluth was a Captain of these Correut de Bois, of
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194 Early Hlstoby Of Lake Superior.
great energy, and complete knowledge of Indian character, and of dauntless courage. As early as 1679 he was stationed near the Sault St. Marie for the purpose of preventing the English from engaging in the fur trade of Lake Superior. He subsequently erected a temporary fori near La Pointe. For many years he held the entire confidence of Frontenac, De La Barre and De Nouville, who were successively in command in Canada. And in their dispatches to France they recognize his great influence with the Indians aud the important services that he rendered in defeating the English project of securing this trade. In 1682 he was present at a conference of great officers at Montreal for the purpose of coucerting measures for this purpose. Id 1685 he led a force of Lake Superior Indians to Niagara against the Ivoquis. In 1686, under au order from the Governor General, he established what was called the Fort of Detroit, of Lake Erie, where Fort Gratiot now stands at the foot of Lake Huron.
The object of this fort was to command the passage to Mackinaw and Lake Superior, and thus prevent the English from securing the trade of those regions. In this he was so far successful that in 1687 he captured an expedition of sixty Englishmen with an Indian escort who were seeking access to the upper lakes. But the English were not discouraged. They gave eight pounds of powder or six quarts of rum for one Beaver skin while the French gave but two pounds of powder, and not to exceed one quart of brandy. In this way they held out great inducements to the Indians and to the regular French traders to bring their beaver to New York.
The establishment of a permanent fort at Detroit iii 1701, aided very much in securing this trade to the French, but it did not put an end to the struggle.
Thus in 1747 one Le Due, a fur trader, was rubbed by the Lake Superior Indians oJ his furs at the instigation of the Euglish, and it is reported that a famous chief had accepted the hatchet from the English and that the Indians had collected to the number of over 100 to waylay the French.
In order to check the English, the Governor General in 1750
Hosted byGobglC
Eabli Histoby Of Lake Superior, 195
granted a large traet of land at the Saiilt for a signiory to Sieurs de Bonne and Repentigny, the object of which is set forth in an exceedingly interesting letter written by him the following year to the French Minister,
" Quebec, Canada, October 6th, 1751.
"My Lord; By my letter of the 24th of August last, I had the liooor to let you knov that in order to thwart the movements that the English do not ceftse to mate in order to seduce the Indian nations <jf the North, I had sent Che 8r. Cheur. de Repentigny to Che Sault Ste. Marie, in order to make there an establishment at hia own expenses, to bliitd there a palisade fort, [forte de pieux) stop the Indians of the Northern posts who go to and from the English to intercept the commerce they carry on, stop and prerent the continuation of the talks ("paroles"J and of the presents which the English send to those nations to corrupt them, to put them entirely in their intereata, and inspire them with feelings of hate and aversion for the French.
" Moreover, I had in view in that establishment, to secure a retreat to the French voyageurs, especially to those who trade in the northern part, and for that purpose to clear (he lands which are proper for the production of Indian corn there (bled' Inde) and to subserve thereby the victualing necessary to the people of said post, and even to the needs of the voyagers.
" The said St. de Kepentigny forbid the Indians of his post to go and winter at Saginaw, which is not little to say, for these nations go thence from (here very easily, and in a short time to the English, who load them with presents. These Indians keep Che promiseH which I required from them ; they all stayed in Lake Superior, whatever were the jndncQients the English made to attract them to themselves.
" He arrived too late last year at the Sault Sle. Marie to fortify himself wel) ; however, he secured himself against insu I Cs, in a sort of fort large enough to receive the traders of Michilimackinac
" The weather was dreadful in September, October and November. Snow fell one foot deep on the lOth of October, which caused him a great delay. He employed his hired men during the whole winter in cutting 1,100 pickles, of 15 feet, for his foit, with doublings {"rendovilayes"!) and the timber necessary for the construction of three house, one of them 30 feet long by 20 feet wide, and the two others 25 feet long, and the same width of the first,
" His fort is entirely finished with the exception of a redoute of oak, which he is to have made 12 feet aquare, and which shall reach the same distance above Che gate of the fort. As soon as this work shall be com-
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Early History Op Lake Superior.
pleWd, he will send me Che plan of hia eslabliahmvnt. His fort lh 110 feet
"As for the cultivation of the lands — the Sieur de Eepentigny had a bull, two bullocks, three cows, two heifers, one horse, and a mare, from Michilimackinac.
" He could not, on his arrival, make clearing of lands, for the works of his fort had occupied entirely his hired ueu, {engages.)
" Last spring he cleared oil' all the small trees and bushes within the range of the fort.
'' He engaged a Frenchman, who married at the Sault Ste. Marie, an Indian woman, to take a farm ; they have cleared it up and sowed it, and without a frost Ihej will gather 30 U) 35 sacks of corn, {bledinde.}
"' The said Sr. de Kepentigny so much feels it his duty to devote himself to the cultivation of these lands, that he has already entered into a bargain for tvo slaves, whoiu lie will employ to take care of the corn that he will gather upon these landa.
" I beg of you, my lord, to be well persuaded that I ahall spare no pains to render this establishment equally useful to the service of the King, and to the recommendation of the travelers {voyageura. ) " I am, with very profound respect, &c.,
"La JONQUIEKE."
In 1754, a succeeding Governor General writes ;
" The Sir Chev'r de Repentigny who commands at the Sault Ste Marie occupies himself much with the establishment of his post, which is essential to stop the Indians who come down from Lake Superior to go to Cheneguen, (Oswego) but I don't hear it said that this post is of [yields him] a. great revenue."
This establishment was erected for the fur trade at 2,000 francs per year from 1755 until it was accidently burned in 1762. At this time Henry gave the following description of the Sault ;
" Here was a stockaded fort, in which under the French Government, there was kept a small garrison, commanded by an oflBcer, who was called the governor, but was in fact a clerk, who managed the Indian trade here, on government account. The houses were four in number, of which the first was the governor's, the second ihe interpreter's, and the other two which were the smallest, had been used for barracks. The only family was that of M, Cadotte, the interpreter, whose wife was a Chip-
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Eably Histoby Op Lake Sdfebiob. 197
The fire compelled the garrison to remove to MichilimaciDac and the Sault wag not again permanently occupied as a military fort until Fort Brady waa established in 1822.
Col. and afterwards Gen. Bradstreet in December 1764, after the conquest of Canada, in a letter to Governor Gage, at New York, recommends that the vessels be sent to Lake Superior to engage iu the fur trade, and the establishment of two forts upon the banks in addition to that at the Sault, and this recommendation is repeated by Col. Croghan to Sir Wm. Johnson the following year. The fur trade continued to be of great value during the entire century and the first third of the present century. In 1765 the exclusive right to trade iu furs on Lake Superior was given to Aleiander Henry, an English merchant. He left Michilimacinac in August for the Sault, where he entered into partnership with Mr. Cadntte, a Frenchman who came to the Sault under Repentigny, and waa the principal man of the fort, and had been in command there under the British.
He went up the lake, reaching Ontonagon August 19, where he found an Indian village, and proceeded to Chagonemlg, or La Pointe, where he found fifty lodges of nearly naked Indians. Here he established himself for the winter. For a winter's Stock of provision he caught 2,000 trout and whitefish, some of the former weighing fifty pounds. These were hung up by the tail in the open air, and were boiled and roasted as wanted, and eaten without bread or salt. As the result of his winter's enterprise he embarked in the spring with one hundred and fifty packs of beavers, weighing fifteen thousand pounds, and the Indians with him had one hundred packs, which he was unable to purchase. In the following winter, he with his men, were driven from the Sault by the want of food ; the fish, usually so abundant, having failed. Two succeeding winters he spent on ihe north shore, engaged in this trade.
At this time specie was so wholly out of the question that beaver skins was the measure of valu es. Other skins were accepted as payment, being first reduced to their value in beavers, A man in going into a drinking saloon would take a marten's skin to pay the reckoning. The goods Mr. Henry took from Michili-
198 Early History Of Lake Supekior.
macinac on his firet expedition filled four canoes, and were estimated to be of the value of ten thousand pounds of beaver skins.
The magnitude of Uiis fur trade can perhaps he best shown by a few figures. The North West Company, engaged in this trade, according to Mackenzie received in one year, 1798 :
106,000 beaver skins, 2,100 bear skins, 1,500 fox skins, 4,000 kitt fox skins, 4,600 otter skins, 17,000 musquash skins, 32,000 marten skins, l.WO mink skies, 6,000 lynx skins, 600 wolverine skins, 1,650 fisher skins, 100 racoon skins, 3,800 wolf skins, 700 elk skins, 750 deer skins, 1,200 dressed deer skins, 500 Bufialo robes.
Of these. Lake Superior must have furnished a libera! proportion. Its furs were a source of wealth then, as its mines are now. The American Fur Company, organized by John Jacob Astor, in 1816, succeeded to the business of the Northwest Company.
Minerals.
The knowledge that the region of Lake Superior was rich in minerals was almost cotemporarieous with its discovery. As early an 1659-60 the Jesuit missionaries report " that its borders are enriched with lead mines, and copper of such excellent quality, that it is already reduced in pieces as large as the fisi," and ten years later father Dablon gives very full account of the various reports of the wealth of copper which existed in various places about the lake.
In September, 1670, M. Talen, Intendant, appointed Sieur de St. Lusson " to search for the copper mine in the countries of the Ontarios', &c., in North America, near Lake Superior or the Fresh Sea," and also, it would seem, to discover the South Sea passage; for in February 1671, M. Colbert, the French Minister, writes : " The resolution you have taken to send Sieur de la Salle toward the South, and Sieur de St, Luaaou to the Noh, to discover the South Sea passage, is very good ; but the principal thing to which you ought to apply yourself in discoveries of this nature is to look out for the copper mine."
In 1687, Denorvell, Grovemor of Canada, writes to the French
„
Eably History Of Lake Superior. 199
Minister: " The copper, a sample of which I seut M. Arnore, is found at the head of Lake Superior. The body of the mine has not yet been discovered." He anticipates great results from its discovery, but adds, " This Itnowledge cannot be acquired from the Indians, who believe they would all die did they show it to
The firat attempt at mining was made after the conquest of Canada by the British.
Mr. Henry, in 1765-6, found at Ontonagon an abundance of virgin copper in masses of various weights," and among them " a mass of copper of the weight, according to my estimate, of no less than four tons."
As the result of this discovery, in 1768, an application was made to George III, for a grant of all the copper mines in the country within sixty miles of Lake Superior. A copy of this application was transmitted to Sir Wm. Johuson for the purpose of ascertaining his opinion upon the propriety of the grant, and especially what effect it would have upon the Indians.
In December of the same year Sir. Wm. Johnson reports upon this application that he is assured there is a large quantity of copper in the environs of Lake Superior, and that " it has been found extraordinary good and rich." He suggests some practical difficulties arising from the scarcity and value of white laborers, while '' the Indians are indolent and cannot be relied upon." He says some Canadians formerly took away a good deal of ore and lost by it. He says there is no serious objection to the grant so far as the Indians are concerned, if great pains are taken to protect them.
The grant was made, but never issued out of the seal office, and a company was formed, consisting of the Duke of Gloucester, Mr. Secretary Townsend, Mr. Baxter, consul of the Empress of Russia, Sirs Wm. Johnson, Alexander Henry, and others. Mr. Henry, Mr, Bostarch and Mr. Baxter had charge of the mining operations. They spent the winter of 1770 at the Sault and at Point Aux Pins, a few miles above ; they built a barge and a sloop of fifty tons. Early in May ihey set sail and first visited the Island of the Yellow Sands, but found no gold as
200 Eakly History Of Lake Superior.
they iiad hoped. At a point on the North Shore they fouad veina of copper and lead. They erected an air furnace at Point Aux Pins, and the assayer found silver in the lead ore. On the South shore one of the company picked up a stone of a blue color, weighing eight pounds, which contained sixty per cent of silver, and which was carried to England and deposited in the British Muanuro.
They coasted westward to Ontonagon, built a house, set their miners to work, and left them for the winter. Early in the Spriug of 1772 they sent up a boat with provisions, but it soon came back with all the miners, who had found that mining was impracticable without a much greater force and greater conveniences.
That season and the next they experimented on the northern shore, with similar results, and in 1774 they disposed of their sloop and other property, and sent some ore to England, Thus ended this first systematic attempt at mining on Lake Superior, nor was any further effort made in that direction until 1843.
When Michigan became a State, in 1837, the only settlement on Lake Superior within its bounds, was at the Sault, which contained a population of 368. The population must have largely increased from 1820. Schoolcraft thus describes the place as consisting of fifteen or twenty buildings, occupied by five or six families, French and American.
Note. — I have drawn the mairial for the above sketch from many source, and in relation to that portion which relates to the Jesuit missionaries, I desire especiallj to express 1117 obligations to Mr. Shea's admirable work, "The Discoveries and Eiplorations of the Miflsissippi, and " Catholic MissionH to the Indians."
i,
A Sketch
Mines And Furnaces
Of Lake Superior.
The Mines.
It is niit more thaD twenty-five years since the first iron ore was taken from what is now known as the Jackson location, and less than half a ton of it packed upon the backs of half-breeds to the mouth of the Carp, and from thence transported in canoes to the St. Mary's River, only to be pronounced worthless upon its arrival at Detroit. Yet in that short interval the development of our mines has been so rapid that they now contribute the ores frum which is made more than one-fifth of all the iron manufactured in the United States. Less than a quarter of a century ago, the district which now supplies the ore for a hundred and fifty furnaces, and which boasts a population of not less than fifteen thousand people, was an unexplored wilderness, never penetrated save by the wild Indian and the devoted missionary. Little did our venerable citizen, P. M. Everett, Esq., imagine when, in 1845, he visited this place and carried away the first specimens from what is now the Jackson Mine No. 1, that he would live to read the report of shipments — over a Million Tons in 1870. Yet such is the grand result, long since announced, and the iron hills of the Upper Peninsula scarcely afford the evidence of a corameneeinent having been made. More than this, ibe developments of the year 1870 render certain a largely increased product for 1871, and each succeeding year, should the deaiaud require it ; and yet the Lake Superior Iron District is in its infancy, and only needs to be fully developed to become the great iron center of the West — if, indeed, it has not already attained that distinction.
It is our purpose to present in this little book an elaborate history of our iron mines and furnaces, embodying such facta and figures as we have been able to collect, touching their early history and subsequent development— first indulging in a few general remarks upon the geological formation and classification of the ores.
Geological Formation.
The iron ores of this district are generally found in hilts, rising from one to five hundrecl feet above the level of the surrounding country. These hills (those given to exaggeration call them mountains) are simply immense deposits of iron ore, though partially or wholly covered by layers of earth and rock. It is true they are also found in the valleys, but where so lound are usually covered with a deep drift, and consequently cannot be so easily mined.
That part of the Lake Superior Iron Region in which the most gratifying results have been obtained, is all included within the limits of ftfarquette county, west of Negaunee, within a range of six miles wide, running in a northwesterly course from Lake Fairbanks, in Town 47 N. of Range 26 W., to Keweenaw Bav, in Town 49 N. of Range 33 W.— a distance ol nearly one hundred miles. The mines now opened and being worked are all situated on the east end of the range above mentioned, the most remote being the Champion, near the east shore of Lake Michigammi.
Another extensive district or range is that known as the Menominee, extending, so far as known, from the south part of Town 40, on both sides of that river up to its headwaters at Lake Michigammi. The deposits in this district are not only numerous, but said to be very rich and valuable, though, as yet, but little has been doce towards their development.
The iron range again crops out thirty miles south of . Bayfield, where ore of a tolerably pure quality has been found. By reference to a geological map, it will be seen that the Marquette and Menominee iron ranges cross each other upon the south side of Lake Michigammi, the one continuing to the west and northwest, and the other southward into Wisconsin. Very large deposits of magnetic ore have been found south and west of the lake in question, some of which are known to be as pure as the red oxydcs of the Jackson and Superior.
Classification Of Ores.
This table names five varieties of iron ore. The moat valuable, so far as developed, is the specular hematite, which is a very pure anhydrous sesqni-oxyde, giving a red powder, and yielding in the blast furnace from 60 to 70 per cent, of metallic iron, which is slightly red short The ore appears both slaty and granular, or massive. It is often banded or interlaminated with a bright red quartz or jasper, and is then called " mixed ore."
The next in order of importance is probably the soft hematite, which much resembles the brown hematite (Limonite) of Pennsylvania and Connecticut This ore is generally found associated with the harder ores, from which many suppose it is formed by partial decomposition or disintegration. It contains
„
MINE8 AND FUBNACES OF LAKE fiUPEHIOR.
some water, cliemically combiDedis porous in structure — yielda about 55 per cent, in the furnace, and is more easily reduced thao any other ore of the district. It forms an excellent mixture with the speculars. There are, probably, several varieties of this ore which have not been well made out. That found at the Jackson, Lake Superior and New England, is associated with the specular, while the Foster bed is several miles removed from any known deposit of that ore, and has probably a different origin.
The magnetic ore of the district has thus far only been found to the west of the other ores— at the Washington. Edwards and Champion Mines— at which none of the other varieties have been found except the specular, into which the magnetic sometimes passes, the powder being from black to purple, then red. It is not improbable that they may be varieties of the same ore, as they are much alike in richness, nature of iron, and geological structure. This view is much strengthened by the fact that the specular ore is often found in octahedral crystals, which form is well known to belong exclusively to the magnetic oxyde; hence it is probable that our specular deposits were once magnetic, which by some metamorphic action have been robbed of one ninth their oxygen, which wouid make them, chemically, hem-
The flag oie is a slaty or schistose silicious hematite, containing rather less metalic iron, and of more difficult reduction than either of the varieties above named. It is often magnetic, and sometimes banded wilh a dull red or white quartz. The iron is cold short, which is one of the best qualities of this ore — the other ores of the district being red short. This ore varies much in richness, and comparatively little has been shipped. It is, however, probably, the most abundant ore in the district.
A silicious iron ore, containing a variable amount of oxyde of manganese, is found at several points, accompanying the flag ore. This ore is uuquestionaoly of great value as a mixture, but as it has but just been introduced, its importance cannot yet be determined.
The generally received geological theory of the origin of these ores is, that they were aqueous deposits, which have been highly metamorphosed. The masses are lens-shaped, varying much in thickness, on which the value of the mass chiefly depends. These masses are interstratified with a soft green slate, which always accompanies the specular and magnetic ores. Overlying these beds is usually found a quartz rock, which is probably one of the most recent of the district. Below the specular isa green stone, often slaty, and beneath this is one or more horizons of the flag ore, separated by crystalline schists. Kext older than the flag ores is another quartzite, which seems to be sometimes replaced by a silicious marble. Yet older are the rocks, which are supposed to belong to the Laurentian
i,
Mine9 Anr Fuknace3 Of Lake Superior.
system of Canada — the schists above named including the orec belonging to the Huronide system. These rocks are much bent and folded, several axes, running nearly east and west, being plainly discernible,
I-IE8T DISCOVERY. Prof, Chas. T. Jackson, United States Geologist, in his Report to the Secretary of the Interior, made in 1849, says that during his first visit to Lake Superior, in the summer of 1844, he obtained from Mr. P. B. Barbeau, then a trader at Sault Ste. Marie, a fine specimen of specular iron ore, which he (Mr. B.) had received from an Indian chief He also learned at the same time that this chief knew of a mountain mass of ore, somewhere between the head of Keweenaw bay and the head waters of the Menominee river. The next summer he informed Mr. Lyman Pray, of Charlestown, Mass., what he had heard, and suggested to him the propriety of looking up the mountain in question. Mr. Pray immediately proceeded to the Sault, where he employed the son of the Ojibway chief as a guide, and went with him to L'Anse ; from thence, guided by the Indian, he traversed the then unbroken forest, and found the mountain. On his return he informed Prof. Jackson that he had traveled four miles around the mountain, and found only the same kind of ore, and no rocks. To Mr. Pray Prof. Jackson ascribes credit of the first practical discovery of iron ore on the Upper Peninsula, deeming it probable that no white man had ever before explored this locality. If such were really the case, it would appear a little singular that Mr. Pray did not take measures to secure the reward due to such a discovery, and that his name has never since been heard of in connection with the development of our mineral resources. It is more thai) probable, however, that Mr. Pray's discovery was not within the limits of the iron district to which developments have thus far been confined, since we find that in the same year Mr. Joseph Stacy, of Maine, explored that portion of the iron range between the mouth of Dead river and Lake Michigan, and found, as he says, an inexhaustible amount of compact and specular iron ore. The exact localities which he visited are not definitely known, but it is more than probable that the Jackson location was one of them, since Prof. Jackson, in the same connection, speaks of having afterwards obtained specimens of ore "from near the forge called the Jackson furnace."
ANOTHER AND MORE RELIABLE STATLMENT. On the other hand, Mr. Barbeau, who is the father-in-law of J. P. Pendilli Esq., of Negaunee, informs us that the existence of iron ore all over the Upper Peaiusula — not only in that portion of the district since developed, but in the Huron Mountains — was known to the white traders as early as 1830. Mr. Barbeau
i,
Mine8 And Furnaces Of Lake Superior.
is aa old Indian trader — being at an early day in the employ of the American Fur Company — -and perhaps no man on the Upper Peninsula is more familiar with its early history. He knows every acre of it, having traverseii its forests, and crossed its hills and mountains long years before its immense mineral wealth was known, or even dreamed of, except by hardy adventurers like himself He informs us that he himself knew ot the existence of iron ore at Negaunee in 1830, in which same year was discovered the great mass of native copper in the Ontonagon Rapids, which was afterwards removed to Detroit by a gentleman named Eldred. This mass of copper weighed over 3,000 pounds, and after reaching Detroit was seized by the United States government, and removed to Washington, where it still
The Indians knew of the existence of iron in this district for many years previous to its discovery by the whites, but were, of course, ignorant of its uses, or, at least of the means by which it could be made available. They knew alao of the existence of lead, in large quantities, and Mr. Barbeau informs us that in 1830 he met Indians who had collected lead sufficiently pure to be used tor rifle balls, and that they did so use it. Lut they couid never be persuaded to tell were they found it, and to this day refuse to give any information whatever concerning it. They appear tit entertain a superstitious fear that some dreadful calamity will befall them should they discover their secret to the
Bui to return to the discovery of iron. Mr. Barbeau says that in 1845, Achille Cadotte, a French and Indian half breed, was informed by an old Indian chief, then living at the mouth of the Carp river, near the site of the present village of Marquette, that he knew where there was a mountain of iron, and went with the chief to see it. The name of the chief was "Manje-ki-jik" (Moving Day), and his brother, " Man-grni-see" (Small Loon), is still living. Cadotte then communicated his discovery to Mr. John Western, who went with him to the mountain, and under his direction nearly a ton of ore was packed from what is now known as the Jackson location, to the mouth of the Carp, thence in canoes to Sault Ste. Marie, and thence to Detroit. It is more than piobabie, however, that it was P. M, Everett, Esq., of this place, to whom Mr. Barbeau refers, since it appears that John Western did not visit this region in 1845, and Mr, Everett did.
In June, 1845, the Jackson Company was organized with a view to operations in the copper district, and Mr. P. M. Everett, one of the original incorporators, came to Lake Superior the same summer, and located what is now the Jackson Mine, under a permit from the Secretary of War. While at Sault Ste. Marie, Louis Nolan, a half-breed, Everett of the existence of iron on Lake Superior, and volunteered to show him where it wa8.
Mines And Furnaces Of Lake Superios.
Nolan came to the mouth of the Carp with Mr. Everett and his party, and they all went as far as Teal Lake in search of the iron, but failed to find it ; they then returned and proceeded on their way to Copper Harbor. Afterwards Mr. Everett fell in with the Indian chief Manje-ki-jik, who returned with them to the mouth of the Carp, and piloted the party to the Jackson mountaio, and also to what is now the Cleveland Mine. Mr, Everett, as agent for the Jackson Company, was provided with a number of permits from the Secretary of War for the location of such lands as he might select for the company. These permits were intended to cover one square mile each, to be described by such permanent boundaries as would admit of their being entered upon a map, kept for that purpose in the land office at Copper Harbor. At the time of Mr. Everett's first visit the whole country for twenty-five miles west of Preaque Isle, had been covered with these permits. The first one located was surveyed from a designated point near Presque Isle, and being entered upon the map, formed the eastern boundary for the next permit, which in its turn served a similar purpose for another, and 90 on for a distance of twenty-five miles. The " square mile'' on which the Jackson is situated had been located under one of these permits by a man named Hamilton, who was entirely ignorant of the immense wealth it contained. Everett and his party, m locating upon the same section, were unable to describe the land accurately, and made Teal Lake (not then laid down on the map) its northern boundary. The mineral land agent, not knowing the exact locality of Teal Lake, entered the permit so that it appeared on the map abnut twelve miles southeast of its actual location. At this time the copper fever was at its height, and Dr. Houghton having reported strong indications of gold on what is now known as the Silver Lead Kange, many of the permits issued by the Secretary of War were located as stated above. These permits were entered in pencil marks upon the map at the Mineral Office, so thai they could be litod and transferred at the option of the owner. When Mr. Everett announced his discovery, and exhibited specimens of the iron ore found at the Jackson Mountain, the owners of these locations began to examine their lands, and failing to find ore lltled their permits and located them elsewhere. The lifting of one permit destroyed the boundaries of all the others, and they were abandoned one after another, necessarily. As soon as Hamilton abandoned his (in fact it is doubtful it he was able to find it a second time,) the Jackson Company managed to find the township lines, and entered the land from which they have since realized such immense products of iron ore.
On his first visit Mr, Everett packed some of the ore down to the mouth of the Carp, and carried it with him to Detroit and Jackson, as specimens. Some of this ore was sent to Pittsburg to be tested, but the Pittsburg iron masters pronounced it worth-
Miner And Furnaces Of Lake Superiob.
less. Another small quantity was sent to an old forge at Coldwater, where was made the first iron from Lake Superior ore. This was only a small bar, one end of which Mr. Everett had made into a knife-blade, the better to exhibit the sterling qualities of the metal.
That Mr. Everett was really the pioneer in the discovery and development of the Lake Superior Iron Mines, can not be successfully disputed. It is true others may have visited the Jackson mountain about the same time, but we have no evidence that any of them discovered or knew of the existence of its hidden treasures. Certain it is, that if Mr, Pray visited the Jackson mountain at the time referred to by Prof. Jackson, he could not have been in advance of Mr, Everett, otherwise he would have taken some measures to secure the reward due to such a discov-
In this connection we are permitted to copy the following extract from a letter written by Mr. Everett to Capt. G. D. Johnson, of the Superior mine, soon after his first visit to Lake Superior ;
Jackson, Mich., Nov. 10, 1845. Dear Sir :— Since I have returned from Lake Superior, Charles tells loe that he promi-ed to let you know all about my exciimion, and wiahen me to perform the tank for him. In compliance with his request, 1 will therefore try and give yon a brief description of my trip. 1 left here on the 23d of July last, and wan gone tilt the '24lh of October. 1 had some idea of )(oing to Lake Superior Ust winter, but did not think Heriously of going until a short time before I left. I had considerable difficulty in getling any one to join me in the enterprise; I at last Hueceeded in forming a company of tlilrteen. I waa appointed treasurer and agent, to x:plore and make locations, for which laal purpose we had secured seven permits from the Secretary of War. I look fonr men with me from Jackson, and hired a guide at the Sault, where I bought a boat, and coasted up the lake to Copper Harbor, which is over 300 miles from the Saull Sle Marie. There are no white men on Take Superior e.inept those who go there for mining purposes. We incurred many dangers and hardsiiips,
We made several locations — one of which me called Iron at the lime. It is a mountain of solid Iron ore, 150 feel high. The ore looks as bright an a b'l.r of iron just broken. Since coming home we have had some of it smelted, and find that it produces iron and something resembling goldsome say it is gold and copper. Our location is one mile square, and we shall send a company of men up in the spring to begin operations. Our company is called the -jackson Mining Company.
Yours, etc.,
P. M. Eveeett.
We copy the above extract from the original letter, which also contains a copy of one of ihe original shares of the Company.
EXTENT OF THE lEON REGION.
It must not be inferred from the statement of the number of mines actually opened and now being worked, that they constitute the extent of our iron deposits. The mountain to which
i,
Mines And Puknaces Of Lake Superior.
" Man-je-M-jik" conducted Mr. Everett, and from whicli ail the Jackson shipments have been taken, is within the corporate limits of the village of Negaunee, only a dozen miles from the lake shore. Since Everett first brought it to the notice of the original incorporators of the Jackson Company, by whom it is still owned, deveiopmenbi have gradually extended westward, until we have had to record the newest and most promising openings at and around Lake Micbigammi, about twei:ty miles west of Negaunee. And still the iron interest of the Upper Peninsula is in its infancy — for though the shipments embrace in the aggregate several million tons, scarcely a perceptible mark has been made on the vast and inexLaustible deposits which are known to exiijt, many of them still untouched, and far removed from the scene of active mining operations. On all sides of Lake Micbigammi — north, south and west — and on the Menominee, southward, immense deposits have been discovered, compared to which the famous " Iron Mountain " of Missouri sinks into insignificance.
Nor is iron the only mineral which is known to exist in'that portion of the Upper Peninsula known as the Iron Region. Copper, silver and lead have been discovered, and we believe that developments yet to be made will shortly prove that they exist in paving quantities. On the Menominee has been discovered an immense marble quarry, anil in other localities slate suitable for roofing purposes. In many portions the soil is well adapted to agriculture, and experiment has demonstrated the fact that wheat, oats, barley, and even fruits, can be grown to perfection. With its immense mineral resources, its boundless for- . ests of pine and hard wood, a fertile soil and healthful climate, it certainly possesses all the natural advantages requisite to the growth of a great and powerful State. But our limits will not permit ua to take anything more than a superficial view of its resources, outside the iron interest.
THE FIRST OPENING In the Iron District was made by the Jackson Company in the fall of 1846, in the summer of which year they commenced the erection of a forge on the Carp, about three miles east of Negaunee. The forge was put in operation in the spring of 1847, and the first ore mined at the Jackson was there manufactured into blooms. The forge, however, only ran a day or two after being started, the dam being taken out by a freshet. It was not started again until fall, when it was worked quite successfully. It had two fires, and made four blooms, each about four I'eet long and eight inches thick, per day. Here was made the first iron of any importance from Lake Superior ore. The first blooms were sold to E. B. Ward, and from them was made the walking beam of the steamboat " Ocean." This forge was kept in operation till 1854, when it was entirely abandoned. Anoth-
,
MINES AND FUUNACES Ol' LAKE SUPEBIOE.
er forge was built at Marquette, just south of the shore end of the Clevekud dock, by a Worcester (Mas.) company, in 1849, under the direction and superintendence of A. R. Harlow, Esq. It was destroyed by fire the following winter, and never rebuilt. Two other forges were subsequently built at Forestville and Col- Jinsville.
Though all these forges, while in operation, were supplied with ore from the Jackson Mine, not much progress was made in mining until after the completion of the company's docks at Marquette, which were begun in 1854, and finished the next year. In 1853, three or four tons were shipped to the World's Fair, at New York, but regular shipments did not commence till the spring of 1856.
When the first opening was made in the iron deposit on the Jackson location, there were, perhaps, not to exceed 50 white inhabitants within the present limit' of Marquette county- There was then nothing but an Indian trail from the "Mouth of the Carp" to the "Iron mountain." Upon the erection of the Jackson forge a wagon road was constructed from thence to the mine, and when, a few years afterward, it was concluded that our iron deposits would pay for working, the road was completed from the lake to the mountain. Then a plank road was projected, commenced in 1853 or 1854, and completed in 1856. It was subsequently converted into a tram railway, on which mules were used as locomotives, and answered the purpose for which it was designed until, in 1857, what is now the MAEQUETTE & ONTONAGON RAILROAD Was completed and put into operation between Marquette and the Lake Superior Mine. This enterprise was originally commenced in 1853, by the late Heman B. Ely and his associates, who, in 1855, became the incorporators of the Iron Mountain Kailroad of Michigan, which name it retained until opened to the Lake Superior Mine. 1856, when it was consolidated with the Bay de Noquet & Marquette Railroad Company. This consolidation was perfected in 18.58.
While upon this subject we may as well give a brief sketch of our Lake Superior
Railroads,
Since they are so intimately connected with, and inseparable from the successful working of the mines.
In the year 18-57 a negotiation was completed between the Chieayo, St. Paul & Food du Lac Railroa.i Company, through the Hon- Wm. B. Ogden, its President, and the railroad and plank road proprietors, by which that company became the owners of both roads (the Iron Mountain Railroad and the pJauk road), and of the charter of the Marquette & Wisconsin State Line Railroad, to which the grant of public lands had been
„
MINI AND FU11NACE8 OV LAKE aCJI'EUIOR.
made by Congress. In virtue of these transfers it was expected that a railroad line would be immediately built from Fond du Lac to a point on the Menominee River, in township 41 north, range 30 west, from whence it was to diverge in two branches — one to Marquette, and the other to Ontonagon. But the panic and financial crisis of that year prevented the negotiations of the proposed loans in Europe upon the basis of the land grants ; the Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac Company retained, however, tbe the Marquette & State Line R. R. charter. In the course of time Chicago & Northwestern Railway Company succeeded to the property and effects of its predecessor, including the &State Line land grant. It seemed impracticable then to build a line of railroad on the route first surveyed in 1857, and accordingly the Chicago & Northwestern Company obtained from Congress the privilege of a change in the line of the Marquette & State Line road to the Green Bay shore and the present line of the Peninsula division. This line was so nearly identical witn that of the Bay de Noqnet and Marquette grant, that the latter company determined not to continue tbe line to Bay de Nuquet. The land grants, as to their interteriug provisions, were adjusted by mutual consent between the & Northwestern and the Bay de Noquet Companies, and the latter company became merged in interest with tbe Marquette & OnUmagon Railroad. It will thus be seen that Mr. Ogden, at a very early day, appreciated tbe importance of extending a line of railway from Chicago to tlie iron and co])per regions of Lake Superior, au'l it is principally to his influence and exertions that we are indebted tor the building of the
PENINSULA EAILROAD, From Escanaha to tbe iron mines. Prof. Jackson, in the report referred to in the beginning of this paper, pointed out the route of the Peninsula road as the proper and most feasible outlet for the iron product, and though it is not our purpose to compare the merits of the respective routes, we apprehend that he did not then anticipate that his suggestion would so soon be acted upon.
The preliminary survey of the Peninsula Kfiilroad line was made in 1865, it being then the intention of the company to run their road from the head of Little Bay de Noquet to Chocolay, four miles below Marquette. The next spring, however, the
5 resent line was selected, and work commenced on the 4th of uly In a little less than eighteen months tbe track was laid Negaunee, and in less r han two years after ground was broken at Escanaha, the cars were carrying ore and passengers over the line. Tbe main line is 624 miles in length, with about ten miles of track bmnching ofi" from Negaunee to the mines. The business of the road has more than answered the expectations of the company. Recently their rails have been laid to the Bar-
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IINE! AND FURNACES OF LAKE SlIPGHIOR.
num, Lake Angeline aod New England mines, which are expected in future to make nearly, if not quite, all their shipments over the Peninsula line. The Peninsula road now has connections with the Jackson, New York, Cleveland, Barnum, Lake Angeline, Iron Mountain, New England, McComber, Grand Central and Houghton Mine3. The M. & O. K. R. has exclusive connections with the Lake Superior, Edwards, Washington, Charapion, Parsons and Winthrop mines, and divides with the Peninsula road the business of the Cleveland, Lake Angeline, Jackson, New England, McComber, Grand Central and Hough-
The First Opening
At the Jackson mine, and, indeed, the first in the district, was made in ihe i'ali of 1846 Very little progress was made, however, until after the building of the company's docks at Marquette — which were commenced In 1854, .-iDd finished the next year — and the subsequent opening of the St. Mary's canal.
The Jackson Company's mines are situated within the corporate village of Negaunee, on section 1, of town 47, range 27, the whole of the section belonging to the company, and comprising the original entry made by Mr. Everett in 1845. The mines consist of nine cuts or openings, on as many different deposits of ore, though it is believed that some of them are continuous. The ore is a hematite, including both the hard and soft varieties — classified into specular, granular, slate and hematite — the latter referring solely to the soft ores. The beds are very irregular in their formation, but, generally, have a very perceptible dip to the nortii.
Clevkland Mine,
From, which the first shipments were made in 1855. The first opening was made in the spring or summer of 1854, the property having been previously explored by Messrs. John Outhwaite, Dr. Hewett, 8. L. Mather, and W, J. Gordon, who were among the original incorporators of the company. The product of the year preceding the first shipments (about 3,000 tons) was made into blooms at the different forges, of which mention has already been made. The Jackson had commenced work the year previous, but did not make any shipments till 1856, so that the Cleveland is really the pioneer company of the district, sn far as shipments are concerned. In 185& the Jackson shipped about 5,000 tons ; the same year the Cleveland shipped 6,843 tons, against 1,447 tons the year previous.
In 1853 the Jackson and Cleveland Companies joined in the construction of a plank road from the settlement then known as Carp Eivfer, (now Marquette), to their mines, completing it in 1856, in which same year it was converted into a tram or wooden railway. It answered the purpose for which it was designed until the summer of 1857, when what is now the M. & O. Rail-
„
Mini-.S And Fcknaces Ok :
nay was completed and put into operation as far as the Superior miDe. Up to this time the shipments from the Cleveland had been less than ten thousand tons, but the completion of the raitway had the effect to increase shipments very materially, the product tor 1857 being over 13,000 tons. For some reason shipmenls fell off the succeeding year, and rallied again the year after, reaching 40,000 tons in 1860.
The Cleveland Docks
At Marquette, which now have (1872) twenty-nine vessel, and six steamboat pockets, with an aggregate capacity of 2,200 tons, are to be extended, it' weather and circumstances will permit through the winter, 350 feet, which will space for 54 additional pockets, or an additional aggregate capacity af 2,700 tons, making in all a pocket capacity of about 5,000 tons, and room to load six vessels at once.
They will also construct, on the shore east of their docks, a bulk-head with 600 feet water front and 400 feet in width. Their bulk-head, or in-shore dock, on the west side of the ore-docks is 210 ieet front by 300 feet deep. So it will be seen that they propose to have double their present dock room for the accommodation of business next season.
The stockholders of the Company have also organized a barge company, which is now having built, four steam barges, with oonsorts, for the transportation of ore, in order to relieve the company of the dictation and oppression of vessel owners when transportation is brisk and vessels scarce.
The officers of the company remain as before, with J. C. Morse as the efficient agent and local manager, and F. P. Mills, mining Superintendent. '
We append a statement of the total product of the mine since the commencement ;
Yea
Gro
18tt4 45,927
I87U 132,984
,y
I Furnaces Of Lake Superior.
The following are the officers of the company : Preaident — Samuej. L. Mather. Vice President — Johs Outhwaitb. Secretai y— Frederick A. Morse. Treasurer — S, L. Mather. Agent — Jay C. Morse. Mining Supt. — F. P, Mills.
The Marquette Mine,
Is contiguims to the Cleveland, and is owned by the stockholders of the latter comtiany, though under a separate organization. The following is a list of its officers :
Presidentr—JoHN Outhwaite.
Secretary and Treasurer — Samuel L. Mather.
Agent — Jay C. Morse.
Superintendent— F. P. Mills.
The first shipments were made in 1864, though it appears that work was commenced much earlier. We append a statement of the product of the mine from 1864 to 1872 :
Tt.nf.
The Lake Superior Mine
Was opened in the fall of 1857, the fiiat shipments being made the following year. The first work was done under the supervision of Capt. Gilbert D. Johnson, who has ever since remained in charge of the location. The company owns a large estate on the " range," and has mines opened on sections 9, 10, 16 and 21, town 47, range 27. The principal mine, or what is known as the Lake Superior Mine Proper, is on sections 9 and 10, the ore being of the varieties known as slate, granular, specular and soft hematite. The deposit on section 21 is a soft hematite, continuous with the New England vein or bed, and believed to be quite extensive. But little has yet been done, hower, except to prepare the mine for future operations, though it is more than probable that the deposit will be extensively worked the coming season. The machinery for hoisting and pumping is all in place, and we expect to see this new opening contributing largely to the product of the mines the present year, (1870.)
The opening on section 16 is contiguous to the old Parsons Mine, which was opened in 1864, and abandoned in 1866, after 5,299 tons of ore had been raised. Subsequently the property was sold to the Lake Superior Iron Company, who are still its owners. The present owners have not, as yet, engaged in any
„
Mines And Furnaces Of Lake Superior.
miaing operations on the Parsons tract, but are now working an openiDg on the adjacent section (16), which is often confounded with the Parsons.
Most, if not all, of the work on sections 16 and 21 has been done under the supervision of Capt. George Berringer, a most industrious and capable miner.
During the past two years the track of the M. & 0. Railroad has been extended to the mine on section 21, and also to the New England, thus affording shipping facilities not before enjoyed by either.
The great center of attraction at the Lake Superior, however, is at the original location, on sections 9 and 10. ' It is to these mines or openings that operations are principally confined, and from them has been taken the great bulk of the ore mined and shipped during the past ten years.
The Hematite Mine.
The hematite mine of this company, adjoining the specular mine at Ishpeming, is, without doubt, the most remarkable, in point of the extent of deposit and quality of the ore, in the entire district. The open level, 90 feet deep, heretofore worked, has shown a richness, as depth was obtained, which was not expected.
This hematite opening is 400 feet long, in nearly an east and west direction, with an open level nearly 90 feet deep. This level is worked down close to the walls on both sides, at an average width of 60 feet, but each end shows a continuation of the vein to an undetermined distance. On the west end there is an immense quantity of ore mixed with rock, on the 90-foot face, which at this point is more than 80 feet wide ; and at the east the work has been contracted to a much narrower space Two incline skip roads, located about the center of the north side of the opening, on the north wall, are now used to elevate the ore from this mine, or a portion of the ore which is worked out of the open level. But a perpendicular shaft has been put down, through the north wall of the mine, to the depth of 130 feet40 feet below the open level. Driflis had been made a few feet below the 90-foot level, and some ore was taken out by means of them, but not long since these drifts fell in by not having been sufficiently well supported by timbers, and it is now intended to work from the deeper, or 130-foot level.
It is on this level where the most wonderful and promising features of the mine are shown. A drift has been made from the bottom of a 130-foot shaft, east and west, to a distance of 400 feet, through ore, and on the west division of the drift, two 50 and 60 feet respectively, have been made into the ore, in a northerly direction. Winzes are also down, in ore, on the main drift, to a considerable distance from the points where these cross-cuts are started, showing a body of hematite 40 feet
„
MINEy AND FUliNACES OF LAKE SUPEIUOE.
deep by 60 feeC wide, and of unexplored length — possiblv as long as the main drift on the lower level — 400 feet — but most likely much longer.
Suiiice it, that this deposit of hematite astonishes the best miners, in its magnitude. It is intended to siok the perpendicular shaft low enough to make drift connections with the winzes whieli have been sunk below the lowest, or 130-fool level, now ready for the stopers.
It wili be readily understood, especially by miners, how much ore can be taken out of the line of 510 feet of drift which has been made in this mine, on the 130-foot level, and how much more can be taken out after the hgistiug shaft has been carried deeper and drifts have been made to connect the winzes already down.
The only question with stopers would be, as to the quality of timber, and the care exercised in putting it up to protect them, while taking out the ore, for as there is no rook, and the deposit is composed chiefly of the soft dark and red hematite, the labor of mining will be almost as easy as the Sabor of digginj; into a soap bank.
VVe would not undertake to call this the finest hematite mine in the world, but it is certainly the finest one we have ever seen located under ground, and more extensive than any which has cume under our notice, among those which are located near the surface, or on the side of a bluff, as they usually are.
The " Hard Ore Mine," " Section 16 Mine,'' the " Parson Mine," " Section 'il Mine," and the " Prolific Mine," all belong to the Lake Superior Co., and show not only a large variety of ores, but all of them of the best and purest qualities.
The following is a statement of the product of this company up to the close of 1872:
Year.
GrosB tons.
Year.
Grand total,
The New York Mine.
This mine is located, as is well known, on the north and adjoining the Cleveland. The geology of this mine seems peculiar to itself. Two parallel veins of ore have been worked for some eight years past. The south vein yields a very hard specular ore, which runs at times into a steel ore, the granulation of which is almost as fine and compact as hammered steel. Upon taking apiece of this ore from the dump, and breaking it over the edge
MINES AND FURNACES OP LAKK SUt'EIlIOR.
of an iroD-bound wagon box, we fouDd a fractured face which presented a peculiarly tough and elastic appearance, with a fibrin so close that had it been presented, with finished exterior, as a sample of steel, we would have been puaaled to determine whether it was genuine or not, without the uae of a glass or the appliance of a tool.
This specular opening is now worked out for a distance of 500 feet, by 40 feet in width, the eastern end still yielding a good quality of hard ore, and the western end, which is being stoped on two or three levels, yielding the first quality of steel ore we have mentioned. On the south side of the eastern end of the opening, breast mining is being done under the hanging wall, following the dip of the vein, and there seems to be no reason why a shaft or cross-cut into a lower level would not guarantee a good face of ore on the same area which has been worked over.
A wall of rock some twenty-five feet wide, forming the tbotwall of the specular vein, intervenes between that and a parallel lode of slate and hematite. This wall is used as a working level for the derricks, pumps, dumps, skip roads, steam power, &c., in use in both veins. The north vein, of hematite and slate, dips to the north Jand east, leaving a " horse back," the wall mentioned, between them. It has beeu worked out to nearly the same extent that the specular vein has been worked. The hanging wall of soap stone and slate rock, on the north side is being taken off, to expose, so far as possible, the lead of ore. This is quite an expensive operation, as the covering is quite thick, but it cannot be avoided because the formation is not sufiiciently firm to remain as a roof
Some distance east of where the vein dips toward the east, a shaft has been sunk to tap the ore, and if possible get a brood working face upon which to go back over ihe area worked down to the present level. This shaft is forty feet deep, but has not yet struck the ore. Drifting back under the old level, from this shalt, will probably next be done, to determine the prospects of the plan in hand.
Neither of these mines are seriously troubled with water, and the machinery and fixtures for working them are very complete.
A little distance north of these openings, and running nearly parallel with them, another vein of slate and hematite is being worked. It seems to extend a distance of nearly one thousand feet, and is from ten to twenty feet wide. This is on the north side of, and running parallel wilh, the Chicago and Northwestern railroad. Its depth we did not ascertain, as it was filled with water at the time of our visit, and workmen were engaged preparing for the erection of an engine and pump, to enable the miners to renew their operations.
The following is the statement of the New York product for the nine years since the commencement of mining operations :
Mine!* And Furnaces Of Lake Superior.
ir. GroBB totiH. Year. Gross tons.
S — 45.665 Total 450,775
W. L. Wetmore, of Marquette, still has charge of the business of the raiDC.
The Washington Iron Company
Own an estate of 1,001) acres of valuable iron lands in Township 47, Range 20, The company was organized in 1864, and mining operations commenced the same year. The officers of the company are:
President— Edwin Parsons, N. Y.
Vice President and Superintendent — Edward Breituno.
Secreiary and Treasurer — S. P. Ely, Marquette.
Mining Captain — Geo. St. Claik.
Agents at Cleveland, A. B. Tuttle & Co.; at Chicago, A. B. Meeker.
The first shipments from the Washington were made in 1865, since which time the figures have been steadily increased, as will be seen by the following table, showing the amount of production for each year up to and including 1872 .-
Yea,r. GroBs tons.
In 1869, the openings were embraced within a spkeeof about 2,000 feet on what was then considered the principal, if not the only vein, which averages about 80 feet in width. 8ince then a number of new discoveries have been made, all adding largely to the previously acknowledged value of the property.
The company now have on the location about 100 buildings of all classes. A new railroad depot, hotel, and a drug store, are among the new improvements. The company has also a general store, the sales of which amounted to 8100,000 the past
The system adopted for the operation of the Washington mine, at the commencement of 1872, is being carried out, so tar very satisfactory. The geology of the mine is very peculiar, and it has hitherto been quite difficult to determine where or how the most effective blows could be struck. The deposit is very heavy, with an incline to the north and west, but is pocketed in such irregular form, with heavy walls of talco-se slate between, that until the openings were sufficiently extensive to de-
i,
I FOBUACES OF LAKE h
signate the prominence of the deposits, there seemed to he no means of determining how the work could be carried on to ad- " vantage.
It will be remembered that this mine i-- worked by a tunnel, which was driven in trom the ba'-e of the in which the mine is located, about "iOO ieet from the hi at shaft put down, the surface of the hil! waning from 50 to 150 feet above the tunnel level.
Commencing on the eaat of (he main deposit, we find added to the work of previous jears, the bkip shaft, known as No. 1, dowD 100 feet below the third or tunnel level. A winze was put down on the third leel near this shaft and a 40 foot etope opened, which ia to he worked back 70 feet west to shaft No. 2, the extremes being now connected by a drift
At No. 2 shaft a Buileigh drill is at work driving the drift 150 feet to connect with shaft No 4 This drift is also to be carried to No. 6 shaft, 120 feet tuither west No. 4 shaft is down to within 22 feet of the dnft level At this point the deposit of ore is from 20 to 60 feet wide, intenened by a horse of mised ore and rock. When the shaft has reached the drift level this deposit can be worked on a 40 foot face over a distance of 100 feet
The extent of the deposit at No 5 shaft cannot be slated to a certainty. The drill wis put down into 17 feet of good black and slate ores. The shaft at Us present depth is in ore, but its bottom is yet 60 feet above the drift level, following the dip of the ore.
This drift level is to be extended still further west to investigate the deposits which are thought to lie there.
Considerable work was done during the past season on atones above the tunnel level, where considerable ore is obtained and in bridging and strengthening the bridges which span the openings below this level for the extension of the tunnel westward.
A drift started some weeks since in what was supposed to be the hanging wall of the main deposit, has shown, after passing through 8 feet of rock, parallel veins of magnetic and plate ores, 'A and 6 feet thick respectively, and continues to show a good slate ore, with fair indications of a body of ore lying beyond, It is intended to work this discovery vigorously.
The work at Nos. 9 and 10, on the west, is being pursued as fast as prudence will allow. At No. 10 from four to five hundred tons of ore per month can be taken out. ExpSoratitms on the south of the old work on the hill, have shown good deposits of magnetic and slate ores, of the same grade taken the old mine, which can be worked to good advantage whenever it may seem practical.
The working improvements for the season have been aiibstantial and permanent. They consist principally of hoisting machinery applied to the principal skip shaft, and a skip road,
Mines And Furnaces Of Lake Superioe.
which supplies the tunnel, from below, witli more than half the product the tunnel takes out, an engine for the same, and a Burleigh rock drill.
A new store and some new dwellings have been erected. Everything about the mine, and in all the departments of its business, seem to be in the best working order, under the general supervision of Mr. St. Clair.
The following is the product of the mine up to the end of the year 1872 :
Year.
Gross tons.
Year.
Total,
Gross tons.
Ihe Champion Mine
Is in the south half of section 31, Town 48 North, Range 29, West. It is a deposit of magnetic and slate ore of remarkable extent, uniformity and purity, and seems likely to become one of the great mines of the country. Operations were begun in November, 1867, though very little was done, except in the way of preparation, until the following spring, when, just as the first shipments were about to he made, the destruction of the docks at Mai quette occurred , and operations were almost entirely suspended until October, 1868. In that year, owing to the destruction of the docks, it was impossible to furnish shipping facilities to al! the older mines, and the Champion was, therefore, obliged to wait until the docks could be rebuilt. The fitst shipments were made in October, 1868, the product for that year being 6,'i55 tons.
At this time the property belonged to the M. & O. R. R. company, but in September, 1869, the Champion Iron company was organized, and is now a corporation independent of the railway company. The officers of the company are as follows :
President — JoaEFH S. Fay, Boston.
Secretary and Treasurer — S. P. Ely, Marquette.
Directors — Joseph S. Fay, Edwin Pareons, Peter White, Frances S. Foster, S. P. Ely.
Mining Superintendent — J. W. Wilson.
It is now but little over five years since tne first shipments were made from the Champion, as its history cau scarcely be said to have commenced until the fall of 1868. The newest mine in the district, it presents, however, a record that has no parallel in the history of the Lake Superior Iron district. A difficulty is always experienced in the introduction and sale of a new ore, however good it may be. It ia equally true that the obstinacy of iron masters in adhering to an ore with which they
„
MINES AND FURNACES OF LAKE StTPEKIOR.
are familiar often works to their disadvantage by delaying the introduction of new ores which may be as good or bette r. The Champion has been fully tested, however, as ia shown Dy the yield of nearly 65 per cent, at the Champion furnace, with a mixture of two-fifths of leaner ore. An analysis made at the iron masters' laboratory, of Philadelphia, from specimeus picked up at random, gave 69.92 per cent, of metallic iron.
It was determined in the beginning to adopt the underground system of mining, instead of the quarrying process in vogue at nearly all the other mines. This system of raining, of course, required elaborate machinery, without which comparatively little could be accomplished. The necessary machinery was not ordered till some time io February, 1869, and was not received and put into operation till the latter part of the following summer. So it will be seen that the mine was not fully prepared for suecefsful operation until it waa too late to make much of a showing in the shipping list of 1869.
That the great bulk of the ore at the Champion mine is magnetic, there is no room to doubt ; but about 75 feet west of No. 2 shaft on the first, and 125 feet on the second level, the drift strikes a deposit of very heavy slate ore, apparently the purest in the district. This ore, which appears to be of great extent, is easily mined, and requires very little breaking after being thrown down by the blast. There is no division walls — on] a seam — between this and the magnetic. From the time the visitor enters the first shaft until he again ascends the ladder, he is not able to discover a single particle of rock or foreign matter— nothing but ore of the purest quality on all sides so far as the work has progressed, with a single unimportant exception. The vein (the deposit presents all the characteristics of a vein) has been traced over a mile in length, and it is at least 80 feet in width.
No other mine in this region has been opened with less expense, or attained in so short a time a larger capacity of production. Its distinguishing feature is the continuoiisness and uniformity of the ore, which thus far, in all the drifts and shafts, with the single exception referred to, proves to be entirely free from rock, or any deleterious admixture.
The working force at present numbers about 275 men, nearly all of whom are employed underground, Capt. John Wilson, the mining supnteniient, is an old and experienced miner, and will, we firmly relieve, demonstrate the superior advantages to be derived from the adoption of the underground system in the beginning. The mine is situated a little over half a milefroro the Champion furnace and postoffice, and is regarded as one of the best, if not the heat working mine in the district. The belt of ore which was commenced upon in 1867, has not been found to vary from its nearly direct east and west course, and it lies in such mass, without being interrupted by rock divisions or bands.
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Mines And Fubnaces Op Lake Superior,
or material contractions, that the supply of ore seems inexhaustible. The only point in question is how to take out the ore most economically and in sufficient quantity to meet the demand in Eoarket for it.
All the workings of this mine continue in pure ore, as has been the case from the beginning, in a succession of shafts and drifts extending over a distance of a half mile in length, by from 50 to 100 feet in width, the slate ore in the west end and the magnetic in the east, the only case of foreign matter being a light seam of rock running across the formation between the two classes of ore.
The mining has been done by taking out the ore in drifts and breasts, on difierent levels, leaving from twenty to thirty or more ieet of the formation between the levels, and elevating the ore in skips through shafts, of which there are four in opera tion, the hoisting cable for all of which is driven by the same engine, simultaneously or separately, as occasion requires, the cable being transmitted over sleeves from the engine house to the
This system is to be continued, and is now being considerably extended by the sinking of a shaft 360 feet fiom or east of No. J, and an other 700 east of the first. Some 700 feet further east is the oldest, or first opening made in the mine, but which has not been worked since 1868, owing to the more favorable ad - vantages presented for work by the ground on the west.
The first of these shafts, adjoining No. 1, is down thirty-five feet, and the second one has but lately been commenced. It is intended to sink them deep enough this winter to connect by means of a drift with the 100 foot level of No. 1, and the drifting from No- 1 toward the new shafts has already been carried forward 140 feet. Of course, they will eventually be carried lower, and be put in communication with the deeper levels of the series of shafts on the west.
Shaft No. 2 is goingdown to the fourth level, which will make it 240 feet deep. The foot wall in this shaft assumes a more vertical position as it is followed deeper, while the hanging wall maintains the same angle as was found above, thus gradually giving greater width to the vein as the miners get deeper into it. On the third level of No* 2, and 55 feet west of the shaft, a winze is being sunk to the fourth level, and this winze and the shaft will he connected. On the second level and 60 feet east a winze is being sunk which is to be connected with the third level.
Shaft No. 3 is going down to the fourth level, with a winze on each side of the third level to connect with the fourth.
Shaft No. 4 is going down to the second level, which, owing to a tailing oif of the ground going west, will bring this second level of No. 4 on a line with the third level of No. 3. Winzes are going down on each side of the first level of No. 4, which will connect with the second.
Mines And Fubna.Ce8 Of Lake Superiob.
There have have been do further underground improvemeDts duriDg this year, nor no new discoveries of ore, the work progressing favorably and satisfactorily; but Capt. Wilson has reason to believe that a large body of slate ore will be found between the new shafts on the east.
Above ground a hoisting engine has been procured to work the first new shaft and No. 1, and the services of the engine at present in use will be confined to Nos. 2, 3 and 4. Another engine will have to be put up to operate the new shaft on the extreme east. A new shaft house has been erected at No. 4. The company have put up a new, large warehouse and barn for their own use, and a new hall, which seats p200 people, for the use of the people of the village. Four new pockets have been erected at the shipping docks.
One hundred thousand tons is the figure set as the amount of
ore to be taken out of this mine
is as follows :
Year. Gross tons.
next year.
Year.
Total,
The product so far Gross tons.
The improvements during the year 1873 consist of 2 engine houses, 5 shaft houses, 1 carpenter and 1 blackshiib ahop,Jl powder magazine, 1 barn, 1 store and office, and 43 dwelling bouses. Besides the company's buildings, there is a hall, 1 school house, 1 church and 30 small houses. The population numbers nearly 1,000 inhabitants.
THE NEW ENGLAND MINE Is situated on section 29, township 47, range 27, aud was first opened in the spring of 1864, in which year a number of test pits were sunk by Capt. H. G. Williams.
Undeveloped Iron Landh.
During the year 1870, several new and important discoveries of ore were made, all of which will undoubtedly lead to the development of valuable mining properties, and add largely to tbe production of the district. Indeed, it seems to be a fixed fad that tbe future increase in the supply of Lake Superior ores musi come from the Michigammi district. Mines that are now yield ing over a hundred thousand tons annually, cannot be expected to increase their product to any considerable extent. Nor is probable that any considerable number of new mines will be di veloped east of the Washington or Edwards, although there undoubtedly yet remain some valuable properties within the Negaunee district that can be developed. To the Michigammi district, therefore, the attention of iron men, particularly those looking for investments, is mainly directed, and everything
i,
i AND FURNACES OF LiKE SUPEUIOR.
Michigammi District,
From Maj. T. B. Brooks' geological report;
" In the fall of 1S68 attention was directed to this range, and what is now known as the Spurr Mountain waa discovered, or rather, I should say, rediscovered, ou the north half of the southwest quarter of section twenty-four, town forty-eight, north of range thirty-one west There is a large outcrop of pure magnetic ore (the largest I ever saw of this kind of ore) occurring in an east and west ridge one hundred and eighteen feet above the surface of Michigaranii Lake. The direction of the bed is due east and west, dipping to ihe south at a high angle. It presents a thickness of thirty feet of first quality of merchantable ore, add facilities for commencing to mine which I have never seen surpassed. The exposure along the range is short, owing to the covering of earth, but, the magnetic attractions, which are very strong, continue east and west for a long distance, determining the position of the range with great precision. This ore is of the same character as the magnetic ore of the Champion and Washington mines, differing only in being softer from the effects of the weather, A specimen collected for analysis in October, I86S, by breaking indiscriminately numerous fragments from all parts of the outcrop and from the loose masses, with the view of obtaining a safe average, afforded Dr. C. F. Chandler, of the School of Mines, New York, the following constituents :
Per
Oxide of iron —89.21
Pure metallic iron 64,60
Oxygen with the iron 24.61
O.xide cf manganeGe, n trace
Alumina 2.67
Liine 0.6?
Magnesia 0.19
Silica .- 6.28
fhosphorio acid, a trace.
Sulphur.- -- ,35
M'Comber Mine.
The latest and most important developments of the year 1870, however, have been at Negaunee. Half a dozen new mines have been opened in that vicinity, all promising the most valuable results. Late in the summer of 1870, Wm. C. McComber leased the Pendill farm, adjoining the village on the south, and proceeded to open a deposit of hematite, from which he has already mined and shipped over 5,000 tons of ore. Edward Breitung, Esq., followed suit, by leasing of C. T. Harvey, about 1,300 acres in the same locality. The existence of good ore
Mines And Fuknaces Of Lake Supeeioe.
upon the Harvey property had been kDown to Mr. Breituiig for a Dumber of years, from explorations made by him in 1867, and it appears that he had been keeping the tact quiet until such time as he could secure to himself the benefits to be derived from the knowledge thus obtained. Since obtaining a lease of the lands, extensive explorations have been made, revealing the presence of immense beds of a peculiar but at the same time moat valuable soft hematite, and, when it became known that Mr. Breitung would sub-let the property in small tracts, a very great desire was manifested on the part of citizens to secure leases. Rough maps of the property were made and armed with pick and shovel, scores of excited individuals thronged the hills and valleys until the thirteen huiidred acres presented more the appearance of an exaggerated pepper-box, than anything else we can tliiok of Mr, Breitung was besieged day and night by eager and excited prospectors, for this "forty" and that "eighty," until the whole was taken by at least a dozen different individuals or jirnts, all of whom appeared certain of having secured an immense Ibrtune. That some of them will succeed in developing good mines, we have very little doubt — that all will realize their expectations is scarcely probable.
The McComber mine is the best representative of the nature of the Negaunee Hematite Range. It is the oldes mine of the grouii and has been worked the most extensively. It was opened in 1870 by Mr. Wm. C. McComber, and quite a quantity of ore taken out and shipped that year. In 1S71 he took out and shipped over 17,000 tons. This ore reached two or three furnaces in the Marquette district, the Allen furnai-e, at Sharpsville, Pa., and the Cleveland Iron Co.'s works, at Cleveland, and seemed to meet their requirements exactly for mixing with the specular ores, causing a yield of from 56 to 60 per cent, of an excellent quality of clean No. 1 iron from the mixture. This season, in order to secure a continuance of this supply a few gentlemen interested in the Cleveland Company, in mining ore and manufacturing iron, secured the property and formed a company with the following officers ; Samuel L. Mather, ClevelandJ President and Treasurer, and Fred. A. Morse, Cleveland, Secretary. The lease was made to this company in July last, and the work of taking out ore has been pushetl with much' vigor since that time. The shipments so far this season amount to 25,000 tons, leaving some 2,000 tons in stock. Many important improvements are in contemplation, for the purpose of supplying every facility possible for the economical and thorough working of the mine.
Buildings for the accommodation of an engine and hoisting machinery are to be erected, and four hoisting shafts are to be located at different points in the mine, to be conveniently operated from the engine house. Cable drums with friction gear will be used for hoisting, and each shaft will be supplied with
„
MINEH AND FITRNACES OF LAKE SUl'EKIOE.
sufficient pocket receiving capacity tn obviate the necessity of waiting for cara or dumps when there may be any delay. A central <train shaft will be sunk to the depth of 150 feet, and supplied with the best pumping machinery. Additional side tracks, cars, &c., will be provided, and everything necessary to work the mine to its full capacity put in order for all the business which can be done next season.
The mine of this company is the famous Smith mountain, located on section 7, town 46, range 29, being a part of 1,327 acres of land owned by the company in the neighborhood of the luine.
The deposit of ore lies behind a quartzite rock which seems to form thb bed of a small lake which lies on the north of Smith mountain. The quartzite is the basin and margin of the lake, making a curve Jrom north-east and south-west to the north, forming a crescent around the south base of the water-bed. The quartzite has a dip varying from ten to forty-five degrees, toward the north and west, or basin of the lake. Behind and beneath it lies the ore veins — first the black magnetic, and then a slate ore, with sometimes an intermediate seam of siate or soap rock. Back of the ore is a diarite, a siHcious schist, and a white granite, in regular order. This tbrraation will he better understood as we describe the different openings which have been made in the ore beds.
ffhe ore outcrops on the side of the hill, near its summit, like a composition which has been poured into a basin, and adhering to the side of the basin, another composition had been poured in and cooled upon the top of it, leaving the first not quite covered. This outcrop is at sufficient elevation to afford from 20 to 40 feet working face, and yet leave a working level sufficiently high to be used for the head of inclined tram roads to carry ore to the pockels, docks and stock piles at the point where it is loaded upon cars for shipment, near the margin of the lake.
History Of The Propeett.
The discovery of this ore vein is accorded to Silas C. Smith, and by him entered in the laud office. Subsequently Edward Ereitung, and others, became interested with him in its development, and iu 1871 a company, composed principally of the following persons, was formed to operate it ;
Jonathan Warner, Mineral Kidge, Ohio, President; Edward Breitung, Negaunee, Vice President; S. P. Ely, Marquette, Secretary and Treasurer ; Peter Pascoe, Superintendent
The whole space now occupied by seven openings is 2,001) feet in length, every foot of which seems to be a part of the ledge or veins which have so far been struck when looked for.
It is more than likely that before the tunnel is
i,
Mines And Furnaces Of Lake !
the shaft the black ore will be encountered, placed as it Las been found in the other openiDgs.
ExploratioDs which have been made north-east of this opening, show a continuatioQ of these veins of rich black aod slate ores, while above them a leaner, second-class ore forms the bare title of the mountain.
Work has been going on at this mine but about a year. Tbe time last winter was spent in surveys and test-pitting. A saw mill was erected, supplies had to be taken in, nine miles over a new wagon road. A railroad had to be constructed— by the M., H. & 0. company — and all the work commenced in the most primitive style. Yet, on the second of October last, a train of ore cars was dispatched from the mine-docks, tramways, pocketa, &c., bad beeu constructed, and the mine was full-fledged for
Now there are thirteen houses on the location, a company store, a drug store, commodious barns, &c.
The shipping facilities are being so extended as to have a tram road from each opening to the railway, and the accommodations for loading from the docks and the pockets will be such as to enable the laborers to handle twenty cars at the same
In short it is intended to handle a thousand tons of ore every day during the shipping season of 1878.
The buildings are of a better class than those erected by any other mining company in the Marquette district, and considerably better than those in use by many of the old companies. During the present year a school house and church will be erected, and every effort made to care for the positive as well as the temporal interest of the operatives.
„
Blast Furnaces.
As might readily be inferred, the most important manufacturing interest on Lake Superior ia the smelting of iron ore in the blast furnace. The attempt to establish iron manufactures on Lake Superior was made under many disadvantages, and at a time when, if successful, those engaged in the enterprise could not hope for large returns on the amount of capital and labor invested. It was made, in fact, before anything had been done toward the development of the mines, and when it would have been next to impossible to get the iron to market, except at an immense expense for transportation. And, in fact, the first effort at-iron making on these shores succeeded only in so far that it served to show the sterling qualities of the ores, and the readiness with which they could be converted into blooms or pig metal.
In the summer or fall of 1846, one year after the discovery of the Jackson mountain by Mr. Everett and his party, the Jacksou Company undertook the erection of a forge on the Carp river, about three miles east of Negaunee. The building of the forge was intrusted to Wra, McNair, who was sent here as agent for the company. He had never seen a forge, and did not succeed in accomplishing anything toward its erection till the following year. In July, 1847, Ariel N. Barney and his brotherin-law, Aaron K. Olds, arrived at the mouth of the Carp, having been sent up by the company. They were both practical iron makers, and expected to find the forge nearly ready for work. In this they were disappointed, as nothing had been done save that a few timbers had been hauled upon the ground ; they soon discovered that McNair knew absolutely nothing about the business he had undertaken, and it was not long until Mr. Barney was empowered to go on and build the forge, and to him really belongs the credit of having built and put in operation the first iron manufacturing establishment on lAke Superior. The first bloom was made on the 10th day of February, 1848, by Mr. Olds, and was hammered into bar iron by Mr. Barney. This is the correct date of the first manufacture of iron on Lake Superior.
In May, of the same year, Messrs. Barney, Olds, and one or two others, started in a small boat for the Sault, taking with them about 300 lbs. of bar iron, among it the first bar made at the forge. This iron was taken to Jackson, and there exhibited as a specimen of what could be done on Lake Superior,
i,
Mines And Furnaces Of I
The forge continued in operation till sometime in 1850, when it was abandoned. It oever paid the interest on the money in~ ' vested, but, having served the purpose of a thorough test of the Jackson ore, the company very wisely concluded tit abandon it, and devote the whole of their capital and energy to the developmeut of their mines.
Another forge was built here at Marquette, just south of the shore end of the Cleveland dock, by a Worcester, fMass.) company, in 1849, under the direction and superintendence of A. R. Harlow, Esq. It was destroyed by fire the following winter, and was never rebuilt. Two other forges were subsequently built at Foreatville and Collinaville.
The first pig iron from Lake Superior ore was made by S. R. Gay, at the Collins forge. It was made as an experiment, in the tbie chimney, whtcn had been converted into a temporary stack. The result confirmed Mr. Gay in his determination to build a blast furnace, which he afterwards did.
There are now in the district sixteen blasi I'urniices and one rolling mill.
The Mokgan Furnace,
Built and owned by the Morgan Iron Company, went into blast November 27, 1863, making in the drst year 337 tons of iron. The Morgan has been, perhajw, the most successful enterprise of the kind in the district, having made, in the first ten months, a clear net profit of 220 per cent., thus enabling the company to pay back all the original outlay for land ami machinery, leaving a dividend of 100 per cent, to be divided among the stockholders. The Morgan is situated on the line of the M. & R. R,, eight miles west of Marquette. It was built under the immediate supervision of C. Donkcrsley, Esq., one of our most practical and efficient iron masters, who still occupies the position of general agent. The product of the Morgan fur the seven years she has been in blast is given as follows;
Year. GroBS tons.
Year. Gross tons.
Total, 35,362
The furnaee was out of blast for over a last week in December, 1S69, when she ag ing iron. Her being out of blast for so long a time was occasion by the exhaustion of the ftiel supply immediately about the furnace. This difficulty has been overcome by the building of a wooden railway to lands owned bv the company, nine miles north of the furnace, where kilns were built during the summer of 1869. The coal used in the I'urnace, or, at least, a greater
MINES AND FUENACES Of LAKE HLTEKIOIi.
part of it, is now being transported over this road. In the meantime, extensive repairs have been made on the furuace, and as the above figures for 1872 show, she is running under the most flattering auspices.
The officers of the company are ;
L. H. Morgan, President.
8. P. Ely, Secretary and Treasurer.
C. DoNSKERLEY, General Agent.
About two years ago, the Fayette furnace wrested the " broom " (the emblem of victory) from the Champion furnace, and has held it ever since, on 211 tons of pig iron made in one week. In August, however, the Morgan furnace, with its nine foot bosh, made an miprecented run of 230 tons! It may be of interest to charcoal iron men to know some of the details of the furnace and its working during the week, kindly fnrniehed the writer at the works by Mr. J. E. Barnum, the superintendent, and Mr. Carrol, the founder. The present height of the stack is 45 feet ; height of bosh, 16 feet ; diameter of the hearth at bottom, 44 inches; diameter of bosh, 9 feet; diameter tunnelhead, 52 inches. Using two tuyers five inches in diameter, and 3'2 iches from bottom of hearth. Pressure of blast, 'i| pounds; temperature of blast, 700 to 800 deg. (F.) Charcoal is two-thirds hard au. oue-third soft. Charge consists of
Lake Superior slate ore . 197 Iba-
[jike Superior hematite 262 lbs-
Republic mine, ore 591 lbs.
Native liine itoiie L. S 40 lbs.
Cliarcuai 30 bus.
About an average sample of the Lake Superior slate ore gave by analysis :
Metalic iron — 66 00
Oxygen combined wiOi iron 28 29
Insoluble residue 4 70
tlndelermined ingredients and loss 1 OJ
Lake Superior hematite analysis :
Metallic iron 56 00
Oxygen combined with iron 24 00
Water — 9 50
Undetermined ingredients and loss . 3 90
This ore contains small pieces of kaolinite, a soft, greasyfeeling mineral, usually white or a pinkish color, and composed of a hydrous silicate of alumina.
Hoaedb/GoOgic
Mine8 And Furnaces Of Lake Supekioe.
A sample of the Republic mine ore gave by analysis :
Metallic iron. -, - — — 69 58
Oxygen ooiiiMned with iron 29 82
Insoluble residue 44
Undetermined ingredients and lose 16
To"o"oo
This will give an average for the charge of 65x24 per cent, of metallic iron.
Carh. of lime 49 JO
Carb. of iron — 43
Corb. of magnesia 41 00
Silica 8 80
Loss, etc., 67
Too "00
A portion of the iron should be estimated as a peroxide, as may be seen by a slight discoloration (reddish) of the limestone.
An analysis of the cinder gave:
Silica — 54 40
Alumini --- 17 40
Protoxide of iron I 26
Lime 17 60
Magnesia 7 90
Alkalies, loas, etc 54
It will be seen that the ingredients of the cinder are very well proportioned for making foundry iron.
The quality of the iron produced was 179 tons of an opened grained No. 1 foundry, 33 tons of No. 2 foundry, and 18 tons of No. 3, The amount of charcoal used was a fraction over 100 bushels to the ton of iron made. The furnace worked very free, and did not act as if it was at all pushed. It required but verv little "working out," except "breaking up" the fire after ca ting.
This is, for a charcoal furnace with a nine foot bosh ihe best week's work on record in this country or abroad —flmny Jour.
THE BANCROFT FUBNACE, Now owned by the Bancroft Iron Company, is situite 1 jn Dead river, about four miles from Marquette, and was built in 18b0 by S. R. Gay, Esq. The first account we have of it is in 186T in which year the shipments were reported at 2 4 JO tons e are able to give a statement of the product of the furnace tor every year except 1864-5, of which the records were destroyed in the fire of 1868. The following is the table estimate g the years referred to : Year. Groas tons. Yenr. GrosB tons
Mines And Fubnace9 Op Lake 8Upebi0B,
The product of this furnace for 1872 amounted to 4,250 tons, 4.006 tons of which wero shipped.
In the fall of 1871, this furnace was rebuilt, and a 20-foot turret of iron put on the top A Dew casting and top-house was also constructed, the hot blast enlarged, and a new lining and hearth put into the stack, so that her product was increased 400 tons over any former year. She was very carefully managed, and will do stiil bettor, as the company have purchased considerable additional wood laiid, and added eight 45-cord charcoal kilns to their coal capacity, to avoid the eontingeocy which too often occurs, of being short of fuel.
The officers of the Bancroft Iron Corapanj' are now as follows : Petor White, of Marquette, President ; Samuel L. Mather, Cleveland, Ohio, Treasurer ; J. C. Morse, Marquette, Secretary and manager.
THE CHAMPION FURNACE la about thirty-two miles west of Marquette, near the east end of Lake Michigammi, and on the line of the M. & O. R. R. It was built bv the Morgan Iroo Company, and went into blast on the 4th of 1867, Made the first year, in a run of ten months, 4,282 gross tons of metal.
This furnace has made a splendid record for herself — the best, probably, of any in the district Though out of blast two months during the time, she made in 1869, 5,560 tons of metal— an increase of 1,278 tons. Her average daily product during the year was 17i tons — though for the last four months it was very nearly 20 tons. She made during the time the largest week's work of any charcoal furnace of the same size on record, being no less than 171 tons of first-class metal — an average of 25 tons per day. Her last year's make was accomplished with a mixture of Lake Superior hematito and the other three-fifths Champion slato and magnetic ores, and an average of 70 lbs. of flus. The average yield of these mixed ores was 64 71 per cent. and the average amount of coal 103 bushels. The following is a summary of the product for the five years the furnace has been in operation :
Yer, Gross tons, i Year. GrosB Ions.
The furnace is under the immediate supervision of J. R. Case, of whose efficiency sufficient evidence is found in the figures given.
There is a considerable village at and around the furnace, the company having a large store and warehouse, and about forty buildings for the use of employes. It is a point of considerable interest, being but a short distance Irom the east end of
Hoaeab/IiOOglc
MINES AND FURNACES OP LAKE SUPElilOll.
Lake Michigamrni, one of the inost beautiful and picturesque of
the sparkling, fresh water gems with which tlie Upper Peninsula
is studded. &
The Deer Lake Furnace
Was commenced in the summer of 1868, and went into blast about the 1st of September oftliitt year. It is owned by a nuuiber of gentlemen who reside at Norwich, Connecticut, whose interests here are represented by Mr. Ward. The furnace is the smallest in the district, and consequently can not be expected to present the same array of figures as some of the older and liirg.T ones. The furnace is run on a strictly moral plan, being "shut down" regularly on Saturday nights, making no inin on Sundays.
The total product of the furnace for the four years she lias been in operation is given at 10,553 tons. About 450 tons of this was made during the last four months of 1868, showing the product for 1869 to have been a little over 2,500 tons, the same amount being for 1870.
Late in the summer of 1872 the iron broke out through the arch, on the left side, under the tuyere, and set fire to the blowing house. The fire was soon eommnuicated to the casting and house, and consumed them, leaving the premises a comjiletewrexil!, with nothing but the stone stack and hot blast remaining. With characteristic energy, Mr. C. H. Hall, managing agent, commenced clearing away the debris before the flames had ceasetl to act upon the larger timbers, and having succeeded in drawing the charge without permitting a salamander, he had the buildings reconstructed and the furnace at work before the expiration of five weeks.
Bay Furnace,
The quantity of iron produced at the Bay furnace last year was 4,900 tons, 4,339 tons of which were shipped.
A second slack was built during the season, and went into blast on the 1st of December, It is an iron shell, on columns, 10 feet in the boshes, and 46 feet high — the same size as No. 1. It is supplied with a steam hoist, as also a water hoist, either of which can be used, according to convenience. The boilers, blowers, and all the rest of the iron work of this furnace were made at the Bay foundry, Marquette, being the first furnace built entirely in this district — and it is regarded as good work in every particular.
Twenty-two new coal kilns were built to add sufficient supply of fuel for No. 2. About 4,700 tons of ore is on the docks for the joint use of both furnaces during the winter.
The shipping accommodations are very good, there being a dock 1,000 feet long, with a front of 400 feet on llj feet of water, which is not disturbed by rough weather, except in cases of the most severe nor'-westers.
The company own 20,000 acres of laud in the neighborhood
„
MlNl'.B AND FURNACES OF LAKE S
of the furnaces, on Grand Island Bay, which is valuable alike for its timber, for coal and lumber. A State road has been worked toward Marquette, which will be completed the coming season. The distance is 40 milea.
The following is the product of this location : Year. Tons.
Total, 8,497
The officers and management of the company remain as before.
The company has 52 brick and atone kilns, of size ensuring constant supply of charcoal for both furnaces. Both furnaces are run oo the red specular ores, and make a speciality of iron adapted to steel rails and car wheels.
The entire machinery — boilers, hot blasts and shi 11 stack for these furnaces was built by the Iron Bay Foundry.of Marquette, D. H, Merritt proprietor, and are in every department equal to the best eastern work.
Where The Ores Go.
The largest portion of our ores go to Cleveland, whence tbey are re-shipped to the coal fields of the Mahoning and Shenango valleys, by railroad. The freight from Cleveland to Youngstown is about SI, to Pittsburg, $2. About one hundred furnaces in Ohio and Pennsylvania use Lake Superior ore, while nearly all the charcoal furnaces in the rTorthwest are supplied from our mines. The number of furnaces is rapidly multiplying — the new ones built in 1869 increasing the demand for Lake Superior ore by at least 100,000 tons.
THE MARKET For our ore is not confined to the Lake Erie ports, though they have hitherto taken the great bulk of the product. Our market place is the entire great West.
The day is forever past when iron niauufecturera east of the Alleghanies will furnish the west with iron. They have ceased to do so. Henceforth 75.000 out of every 100,000 tons of iron ore that goes to the coal fields west of the Alleghanies for manufacture will be from Lake Superior, while 90,000 out of every 100,000 tons of iron used in the West will have been produced west of them. Then consider the present population of the West — some 15,000,000 — the rate at which it is being augment- . ed — the commercial facilities which exist to foster and encourage manufactures and the mechanic artsthe numerous railroads that must still be constructed, and the ten thousand other improvements that are rapidly developing, and which require vast amounts of iron. Another year wilt give us a new outlet
i,
Mines And Furnaces Op Lake Superior,
through the western extremity of Lake Superior, and the con eCructioD of the Northern Pacific Railroad, which is sure to come, will lead to the building of hundreds of furnaces m the heavily timbered country that will thus be opened up to trade and commerce. When we look at the*e facte, the question of market is forever settled. Then, in the course of human event, LakeSuperior iron is going to Europe. With sooie this may excite a smile, but ere long the fact will be realiKed, since, forcertain important uses, it has no equal in the world.
Stocks And Dividends.
The stocks of the iron mining and smelting companies are not offered in the market, the owners being perfectly satisfied to keep them ; nor are their prohte and disbursemente officially made public. Unlike most other Lake Superior stocks, those of our iron mines have never been heard of in the stock markets, from which facts the uninitiated infer they are barren of results. The contrary, however, is the fact. They are so highly appreciated by those who hold them, that they are not only kept from stock boards, but are seldom heard of on the street even. Such is the faith of those who hold them, that they are not dispo.ed to part with them under any circumstances, having nothing as a permanent investment that can and will bring them so sure and safe a return This being the case, the holders do not care to brag on their dividends abroad, but prefer rather to
auietlyshare them All the mines now working will pay diviends the present >ear.
We doubt whether, in view of all these facte, there is an interest in the United States that promises better and surer returns for a ioug series of years, than the mining and smelting of iron ores in this district And, in conclusion, we may safeJy add, that, considering the magnitude of its mineral wealth, the time is near at hand when the iron district of Lake Superior will assume a front rank in the sublime destiny of the great and growing West.
We are indebted to Swinefurd'x HiBtor? of the "Lake Superior Iroo
District for 1870-71-72," for the forgoing short aketchen of nome of the principal Iron mines of this region, and also the following stalislics regarding the sbipmenla of ore, etc. The above history, with appendixes, contain a very full and correct account of all the mmeH, ati published by Mining Joamat, Marquette, Mich. Price, $1,00. — Compiler of Beards £i-
Mines And Fuiinaces Of Lake Superior.
The following table exhibits in gross and net tons the amount of iron oreshipped from the Lake Superior mines during the season of 1872, together with its total value at 86 per too, gross :
Jackson
New York
Cleveland
Lake Superior. .
Champion
Lake Angeline. -
Bamum
Washington
Edwards
Saginaw
New England— -
Cascade
Silas C. Smith —
Foster
Winthrop
Republic
Marquette and Pacific Rolling Mill..
Allen — -
Grand Central
Wilcoi &;hagaley
Mather -
Green Bay
Albion
Pittsburgh and Lake Superior
Michigan
Quartz
Excelsior . ...
Williama
Iron Cliff Red Ore
Shenango
Pendill
Michigammi
Value.
K13,I0S
61t
„
MINES AND FUBNiCES OF LAKE SUPERIOR,
The following table shows the total product of the Lake Superior furoaces from 1858 to 1872, inclusive:
Furnace. Gross tons.
Pioneer 64,597
Northern — 15,068
Coliins 40,949
Michigan 27,345
Greenwood — 29,352
Morgan 35,991
Bancroft 38,251
Champion - 25.566
Jackson 34,242
Schoolcraft - — 10,057
Deer Lake. 10,553
Bay 11,995
Marquette and Pacific (muck bar and merchant iron) 999
Lake Superior Co.' a Peat furnace 200
Total 357,880
The following ia a statement in gross tons of the production of ore and pig iron in this district from 1856 to 1872, inclusive, with the a
Iron Ore.
Ore and I'ig Iron.
Value.
S 28,000
„
Mines An'D Fubnace3 Of Lake 8Upeki0E.
The following table exhibits the total product of the several furnaces for the year 1872, together with the value :
Pioneer —
Collins
Michigan Greenwood—
Bancroft
Chaoipion-— Deer Lake—
Manjuelte & Pacific Rolling Mill (Pig)
Marquette & Pacific Rolling Mill (Muck Bur).. Lake Superior Company's Peat Furnace
i 384,175
t 3,475.725
The iron traffic for 1872, was divided between two railways 8 follows :
Difference in favor of C. & N. W. R. 1 PIG IRON.
Diflerence in favor of M., H. & 0. 1
Total ehipmenta
With a difference of 13,949 tons id favor of the C. & N. W".
,y
MINE8 AND PUfiNACES OP LAKE SPPEBIOR.
The following table exhibits in groas toua the total product of each mine from 1856 to 1862, inclusive:
Minea. Gross tona.
Jttckaon 1,197,225
Cleveland 1,025,261
Marquette — 52,998
Lake Superior 1,275,919
New York 450,780
Lake Angeline 295,747
Edwards 121,077
Iron Mountain 16,594
Barnum- - 126,977
Foster 73,781
New England 108,809
Champion 234,867
Cascade - 39,240
Grand Central 14,755
Paraons 1,896
Winthrop- 25.027
Saginaw - 19,160
Negannee— - 11,687
Iron Cliffs red ore - 874
S. C. Smith 13,445
Republic 11,025
M. & P. Kolling Mill - 6,772
Allen - — 8,707
Wilcox & Bagaiey - 4,426
Mather- 2,288
Green Baj- 7,633
Franklin - 2,007
Albion -- 1,100
Pittsburg & Lake Superior — 1,160
Michigan - 1,227
Quartz- — 718
Escelsior - 756
Williams - 447
Shenango 197
Peudill— 127
Michigamme 141
Carr- — - - 18
Harlow— 83
Total — — 5,567.373
,y
Mines And Fubna.Ce8 Of Lake Superior.
The Ore Shipments.
The following 13 a statemeDt of the shipments of iron oreand pig iron from Marquette for one week in August, 1873,and the total shipments thus far this season:
f-s
fl,K
-S.Hto
l9,o75
I.Iu3
3.oa8
12H
1.G8J
18U
Iron Ore,,
Cleveland
Lake Superior
Champion
Washingwn
Edwania
Winthrop
Republic
Albioii
Keystone
Shenango
Himrod hematite
Burt Hematite
Kloman
Total---
Pig Iron. Champion furnace
Moian furnace
Michigan furnace
Greenwood furnace
Bancroft furnace
Grace furnace - — -
Collins furnace
Iron Cliff furnace
M. &P. Rolling Mill-
Total -
Total ore and pig iron..
i,
i AND FURNACES OF lAKF, SUPERIOR.
The following is a statement of the shipments of iron ore and pig iron, from the port of &caQaba, up to and including the 20th day of August, 1873 :
Iron Ore.
Mine. Gross tons.
w York
Cleveland
Angeline
Baroum
Caaraide
Grand Central-
Green Bay
Winthrop
Wilcui & By-
Section 18
Emma
P. & L. 8
Carr
Gribben
Burt Hematite
Howell Hoppock — Total iron ore.
Deer Lake — 1,990
Escanaba Furnace 485
Total pig iron IA'!
Total ore and pig iron _320,7tiy
Statement of shipments from the port of L'Anse up to and including August 20, 1873 :
Spurr Mountain - 21,230
Michigamrae 17,310
Total --. 3B,540
Statement of the total shipments of iron ore and pig iron from the Lake Superior iron district up to Aug. 21, 1873, (exclusive of ore to local furnace) ;
Iron Ore.
Marquette—
Pig Iron.
Total o.
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Appendix.
A Stranger'S Impression Of Marquette County.
The compiler of thiR, the firat Director/ of Marquette countv, feels very loth to cut loose from his reader witliolit on tliese concluding pages his own iniprensionx, crude tlioiigh they may be, of thix wonderful, ricli and beaulifnl region, located in one of the mot wonderful, rich and beautiful States of the Union.
Wonderful for its great eipanae of jiure sweet waters, magnificent scenery, and early aEi.tociatloiiii. Rich in silver, copper, iron and other mineralfl, made btaiitifut in it:< natural scenery, splendid location, and the purity and healthfulne) of the prevailing atnioHphere.
Seated on the verandah of Coles' Lake View House, we command a range of the paciou' harbor of Marquette. A harbor 900 feet above the level of the nea, and 600 feet above the cross which surmounls the spire of Tri.iity church, New York. A harbor alive with all manner of steam and sail craft, which annually bear away to the busy world below, over a million tons of the purest and richest o! iron ore-
A harbor that i.ends forth every year products equal in value to the foreign commeri-'e of ]''rance, or Italy. Listen to the continual rumbling of the ore trains, (laden with the rich yields of innumerable mines far away into the interior,! as they swiftly follow one after another, through the city out on Ifl the great tre-tle docks, into whose pockela they deposit their precious burdens, from when-e it is poured into the hold of many veHseta, and is thence distribnted to consumers throughout the world. See in front of the city, and along the border of the broad lake the blase of t;reat furnaces, roaring night and day with the continued lires that reduce the ore to maikelable iron. Behold the extensive wharves, loaded with thoiisandH of tons of coal and merchandise for home consumption. Look on the fair city itself, the growth of only a few years, its line churches, convenient school-houses, substantial banks, elegant residences, and attractive business houses, and after inhaling a draught of the pure bracing air, you find yourself intoxicated with the many delightful and attractive surroundings.
" The stranger who arrives at Marquette at night would have no difficulty in believing that he had reached a stirring business town. A lighthouse directs the mariner to the little bay, appropriately enough cled Iron Bay, upon whose borders the city is situated. The government breakwater that reaches for a thousand feet across the entrance, has a number of lights to show the situation. Every vessel at anchor under its shelter, at times reaching the number uf fifty, has a lamp in the rigging, and the long ore docks, high over all, have rows of gas lights. As if this were n enough 'n the way of illumination, at the right hand and the left of the hay wo g gantic furnaces send forth from their tall stacks a bickering flame a heda a wave of light far over the waters."
He e located the U. S. Custom House, where were registered du ng h eason of 1873, up to Sept. 23, vessels representing 380,917 b n Adi) ng 10 the above a large number of vessels of which no official ec d kep and we have the tonnage of vessels arriving at Marquette a e 400 000 tons.
The U. b. land agency is also located here, and under the courteous
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and able management of Mr. Ambrose Campbell, does a, laree and thriving buxinesB, The operations of tliia office aJone for the last five years would niati; a ver; interesting book.
Although Marquette, as metropolis of the great mining region of the Korihweat, is greatly interested in mineral productions, yet there are many other branches of industry which have grown and now thrive within her limits. Without any intention on our part, or any desire on the part of its citizens lo indulge in or be the recipients of adulatory pufiing, we cannot go further without mention ing, for the benelil of many readers who have never visited this region, and who desire ao to do, tiome of Che enterprises and industries of the citizens of Marquette. We commence with a brief notice of the " Marquette Kuiling Mill and iJeecher Furnace," which we copy from a late number of the MlMlNO JovtWAL.
Marquette And Pacific Rolling Mill Company.
The plant of the Marquette and Pacific Rolling Mill company embraeex twenty-fonr acreH of land with 1,40U feet of water front on the bay of Marquette, Willi a blast furnace, a muck bar train of rolls, a merchant bar (rain, eight puddling and one heating furnaces, a branch iracK connection with the Marquette, Houghton & Onuinagon railroad, and live hundred feet of aock, which extends into the bay and haa a gooii depth of water on both sides for the receipt and sliipmeni of freights.
This is a very valuable proiierty, and in its [iresent working condition promises to become ihe plant for a rail mill and a nut and bolt factory, as well as for the manufacture of pig iron and muck and merchant bar on its present scale.
The slock of Che company is $500,000, of which $247,000 has been pdd and invested in the works le::ving $25!!,0U0 to be sold if tlie company may think best. Last fall the works were xiopped, [he furnace Kret constructed having burned oul it was a stone stack, of primitive style, iiut it has been replaced tiy a large iron shell furnace with two Player hot blast ovens, each with 48 pipes, and the simple hot blast formerly in ne. The arrangement for the use of tbeHe ovens is inlerchangable, so that one, two or all of them can be used, as may be deairable. The advantage of this SJ'rangement is apparent to all furnace men. The work, in boiler capacity, Otis hoist, and every auxiliary belonging to a furnace is first class. In short the old stack, with its fixtures, has been disposed of entirely, and Che new one with its appliances, is of the most modern style, and first clans. The furnace has been in blast something over three weeks. Hveraging up lo Monday last twenty-five tons of No. 1 bituminous foundry iron per day. This week she haa been fully burlhened and promises hereafter to make at least thirty-five Ions per day. The name of the furnace has been changed to the " Beecber," and the work is in chaise of Mr. John Fisher, a founder who is known as one of the best in the country.
The Rolling Mill.
This deparlnient of the work resumed operations a few days ago, Aug. 3873, and has been averaging nine tons of muck iron per day, with eight furnaces, tlioogh later thirteen tons were rolled at a single turn, Che 'buyH' having concluded to see how the ' old thing would work ' put it up to its greatest capacity. It is expected to put this department on double turn within a short time, when, of course, the product will be doubled, and average nearly twenty njns per day.
Tlie merchant train embraces some twanly-four different sizes of iron, and heating furnaces will be added just as they may be necessary to supply the local demand for merchant iron. Of late they have been making some bolt rod, on special orders, which is far superior in strength and gen-
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eral quality to iron which ia usually put upon the market for this purpose. It is not intended to make merchant bar and hold it in stock, but all dealers and consumers in this region can be supplied by this mill with any grade or size of merchant iron which they may have use for.
The. mill is to be known as the Marquette Boiling Mill. It is in charge of Thoa. Jewell, Esq., late of the Wyandotte mills, who is a gentleman of large and thorough experience.
A portion of the property belonging to this company is the Rolling Mill hematite mine, on ttie Negaunee hematl'e range, which haa always been acknowledged to be one of the finest, hematite mines in this district, James Bale, Superintendent. The dock and grounds are under the supervision of Geo. L. Beeeher. Mr. Beecher has the authority of the company to put the premises in complete order, and the plan embraces a fence in the water front as well as one to separate (he iron works from the highway, and to erect such buildings and make such external improvements as will put the plant in complete order, and make it express by its appearance just what the owners desire, thrift, order, system and prosperity. The stockholders have selected W. L. Wetmore. Eaq., President, Peter While, Esq., Secretary, and Wm. W. Whealon — late of Detroit — Treasurer and General Agent, with Chaa. Jenkins as Assistant Agent. Mr. Wheaton enters upon his work with a zeal and energy which foretells success, and there is (he best of reasons for believing that the old Marquette and Pac- '"" n Worka— now the Beecher Furnace and the Marquette Rolling ' upon a career, with nearly one hundred men employed, wnicn will, oeiore the expiration of twelve months, give work to three or four hundred men.
Next in order comes the very eifrnsive foundry and machine shops of D. H. Merritt, Esq.
These shops occupy a large area of river front, and are welt supplied with all the modern and improved machinery neceaaary to carry on a business of this kind in all ita extensive details. Boilers of any capacity, engines of any power, and machinery of any description, can be turned out of these extensive shops, equal in workmanship and design to anything that can be procured in other cities.
These works have grown up step by step, and are a standing monument of that zeal, enterprise and liberality which characterise the citizens of Marquette,
In this connecti:>n the 'establishment of Jas. Picands & Co., wholesale dealers in heavy hardware, etc, may be mentioned, as a proof of the demands and needs of this rapidly increasing country.
To such an extent has the growth and wants of this region tieen brought, that it was deemed necessary by Messrs. Picaniia (6 Co. to establish a large branch house in Ishpeming, although a glance at the variety and completeness of the stock at Marquette would seem to convince any one that the demand must Indeed be enormous to equal the supply already on hand In their extensive warehouses.
The prosperity and high commercial standing of this house is only one of the many instances where success has attended the honorable efforts of competent and liberal business men commencing and growing up with a new country. Marquette Is peculiarly favored with thip class of citizens. We could make a book filled with the lives of men who have gone to Marquette poor, and in a few years have passed through an honorable and enterprlalng career to immense wealth. In &ct we had a desire to publish in this work the business career of a few of Marquette's prominent citizens, but their well known modesty and natural delicacy'of feeling in regard to being " put In print," or made conspicuous forbade us in indulging in any remarks where only deserved eulogium might appear to them, tike compliments bordering on flattery.
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Marquette has ila car-shop and coon-houses for the usee of the Marquette, Houghton and Ontouagon R. R., very oomplete, well managed and giving empJoymenl to a large number of men. There is quite a laie uish, blind and door supplied with lumber from several saw mills advaotageouBly located throughout the county. Also, several prominent building firms, and we believe a large company for that purpose is now being organized, with Mr. Alfred Green, a weli-known and competent architect and builder of Marquette, as President, or general manager. In short, all the trades may be said to be represented here by competent and skilled workmen, it being a notorious fact that whatever a Marquette man or woman wants, that want piuat he supplied with the best.
There are two banks located here, the 1st National, wiih a capital of 400,000 dollars, and the Citizen'n bank, with a capital uf $200,000. The First National has just completed a magnificent building, (of Lake Superior which not only aflbrds targe accommodatiotj for office and store room, hot is an ornament the city.
Both of these banks do a large, safe and profitable business, and enjoy, to the greatest extent, the confidence of their depositors and the public generally. One feature of this section of the country may be mentioned here ; we mean what are called "genera I Jstores." One of these stores, Pendell Beatty, deal in almost everything consumable, and employ about fifty clerks.
Watson & Sona, variety store, comes under the same head, and carries an immense stock of difierent kinds of goods absolutely bewildering to enumerate. The business done by these firms is really enormous.
Another one of the features of Marquette, extensively patronized by all the tourists visiting the region, is the store or museum of Mr. T. Mead, where can be found some very tine mineral specimens, consisting of silver, copper and iron ores, crystals, agates, etc, etc., etc., many of the
Boducts of Indian industry, In the way of birch canoes, bead work, etc ere, also cn be found the papers and magazines published throughout the country. Mead's, especially in the summer season, is the great resort and head quarters for strangers seeking the amusing, useful, and maireltous in and around Lake Superior.
Marquette is rather famous for its handsome and intelligent women, and there are very few cities outsideof New York where the ladies display tietter taste in dress and general make up than here. It requires some judgment and capital to cater to the tedious wants of these belles, hut a visit to the large dry goods house of Wetmore & Co. would satisfy any one that they need not go out of Marquette to be suited in anything in this line, from the most expensive laces and dress goods to the cheapest of every day wear.
As the city grows, difierent lines of business become exclusive, and as a proof of the growth of Marquette we have been somewhat particular in calling attention to the different business houses of Marquette. The house of H. M. C. Earl, with a branch at Ishpeming, for the exclusive sale of Boots and shoes being among the moat prominent.
The grocers carry as fine and well assorted a stock in their lines as can be found in any large city ; Earl & Co. doing the leading busineaa, while the jewelry business as represented by Mr. (Jonklin, cannot be exceeded for same amount of capital invested, in any city in the Union.
One of the most complete drug stores, including a line laboratory and manufacturing department it has ever been our good fortune to visit, is located in Marquette. The business done by this house, taking into consideration the size of Marquette, is something wonderful, and is only another proof of my before asserted fact, regarding the enterprise and business tact prevalent in Marquette, to whose citizens it would be unnecessary to menUoD the name of H. H. Stafibrd, as proprietor of the
„
above store, he being bo universally popular and well known that we are at a loss lo say whether there is another drug store in the city or not.
There are several welt stocked and prospecoua retail hardware and house furnltthing stores, represented at one end of the (own, bj Messrs Ijcoville & Johnson, and at the other end by Mr. B. Nieidhart. These houses do a large and prosperous business, and enjo; the confidence and esteem of their fellow-townsmen and customers. SevecaJ fine clothing houses, and an extensive furniture firm, known as WyckoS' & Mahon, two very extensive and largely stocked livery stables, command large hare of the public patronage. One of the most elantly arranged photograph galleries in the West, presided oer by Mr. B. F. Child?, is located here, and during the summer months is crowded with tourisW inspecting and purchasing stereoscopic views of Lake Superior's magnificent scenery.
The hotels here (and Marquette needs more) are well kept, reasonable in their charges, and afford accommodations will compare favorably with any hotel in the country.
A business, profession or calling, as the case may be,peculiar to this region, is that of the iron expert. These gentlemen must necessarily possess of a rare nature. They are called upon to make explorations, assay ores and report upon their qualities, examine titles, pay taxes, make collections, etc. There are several firms of this kind in Marquette, whose advertisements appear in (he front part of this work, and to whom we can refer as worthy of all and every confidence that may be reposed in them.
Enright & Spencer represent the harness business in Marquetl, and supply large demands on their stock from all over the Lake Superior region.
It is from this port that the celebrated varieties of brown, mottled and clouded sandstone, which for beauty, durability and adaptability to general building and ornamental purposes is uneqnalled by any other stone. See advertisement on pages 27 and 119. While the slate from the Quarry, represented by W. L. Wetmore as President, is of a quality and fineness equal, if not superior, to any other slat in the market.
We must not fuit to mention the Mining Jooksal, to whom we are under loo many obligations to pass lightly over.
Perhaps there has been no_one_ cause more than another which has landed to enhance the interest in mines and mining affairs as niiich as this great mining organ of the Northwest. Too much praise cannot be bestowed upon this -Tournal, for the enterprise, ability, and business management exhibited by its proprietors. Their corps of editors and attaches is large. eom_plete and very competent. Their outfit in presses and type is of the most improved claims and quite extensive. In their job rooms they turn out as good work as is ever done in the average of first class printing houses i and lastly, they publish a 12 page Journal, finely printed on good paper, ably edited, and which no one interested in anything pertaining to iron or minerals should be a day without. In connection with the office is a bindery equal in its appointments to any emergency.
We liave dwelt somewhat on the huaineas interests of Marquette, and although we know that we have not done it full justice, yet we cannot but wish we had the space, ability and power to introduce all the business men of Marquette to the notice and consideration of business men of other
The writer of these lines had necessarily much and frequent interconrse with the commercial men of Marquette, and never in a single instance met with anything except the utmost courtesy, forbearance, patience and liberality, (for it is not always pleasant to be bored for subscriptions, advertisements, and general information). The impressions made upon his
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mind are of the pleasantest, aad we aay lo any one seeking new (ielils for labor if you are footing for a place where, by your industry and busineBs qualifications, you desire to add to your own store, and the prosperity of your adopted go lo Marquette. Any man of thia description will be received with open arms, and he will find friends at every turn. To the invalid or tourist, needing a few weeks recreation, we recommend them by all means to seek the pure air and splendid climate in and around the fair city of Marquette.
Sailing over the broad, clear waters of Lake Superior, trolling for the large 30 pound lake fish, beating the mountain streams for speckled trout, visiting the rolling mill, furnaces, mines and other objects of interest . will serve to pass away several weeks in an amusing and profitable manner. The hotels hereare well kept, very comfortable and charges reasonable, and amongst other attractive features we call attention to the following sketch, from the Mining Joarmd, of the new park and cemetery :
"The people of Marquette are remarkably well favored with the grand in nature — in the hills and valleys, the awlfl-flowing river and the rivulet, the expanse of lake and stretch of shore Hue, the rising plain and unnumbered tints of foliage, by whlcli the city is surrounded. It would be difficult to select a point which oflera a greater diversity of striking and beautiful scenery, in the midst of a moving commerce which is asserting itself as the m ist powerful in the world. A finer picture never covered the canvass of an artist than is presented by Marquette from the center of the bav, with the docks, and ships and steaiQers in the foreground, bustling with life, and the city dropping from the highland to the right and left on both sides of the bay, with a horizon of hills to the extreme right and left and in the back found. As a vessel advances toward thia scene an irresistible emotion, influenced by beauty, creeps over the soul of the beholder, and as the heart dilates with quickened pulsation he feels that words are useless — the vision is sufficient.
"Upon disembarking and passing through the busy streets and moving up the broad avenues, the efiect of the impression is not removed, but rather intensified by the surroundings, in fine residences with lawns and foliage, the continuous view of harbor and lake below, and the hills which crown the highlandsback of the city. But we are te have a still more beautiful picture to look upon than all of these. Passing up Washington avenue toSeventh street, we find on the right of Washington a grove of pines, dark, tail and as symmetrical as the masts of ships, the entire front of Washington between Seventh and Eighth streets, and extending back on a gradual incline lo the depth of half the square, and then climbing a higher but not an abrupt elevation, they intermingle with maples, low evergreens and beech, when, at the crown of the hill, the diversity of the foliage is almost entrancing. Here, by returning the examination toward Washington street, there will be found eight acres of as beautiful park grounds as could be desired, which, when completed with lawns, and drives, andjfoun tains, and the undergrowth of vegetation more completely cut out, will not only be made a charming landscape, but over and through which the life and bustle of the city can be seen, with the topmasts of tlie shipping in the harbor and Lake Superior in full view in the distance.
"At this point the western boundary of the cemetery has been established, and the monuments and improvements show a very complete system already adopted for carrying out the plan of and beautifying this depository of human dust. About eight acrea have been set apart for this purpose, which nature seems to have especially intended to be made very beantiful by the Isast assistance. In the rear and forming a part of the cemeEerj grounds— the whole comprising some sixteen acres in addition to the front park — are prominent elevations and depressions, of such character as lo be converted into as beautiful a spot as one can desire
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Appendix,
'Near the center is a large depresilon of from five to six acres, with iiregalar mains, ita nortliern extent terminating near the north boundary on Ei)(lith street. This depression is now tieing excavated tobefoimed into a ]ake. It was evidently the home of a colony of beavers, centuries Kgo. A Hniall stream passes through it and a beaver dam hud been constructed at the outlet, and now in trenching to drain it and in taking out the vegetable accumulation of years, timber is found as having unmistakably been placed there by the work of beavers. The soil is brown, a coarse vegetable fibrin, from three to four feet deep, lying on a pure white sand bottom, and when removed and the depression allowed to fill with water, a silvery-bottomed lake of a depth of four feet will cover the apace. The last area of water will be located directly at tlie head of the central drive through the park and cemetery from Washington street ; and to the right, as the lake is approached, extending o£r at an angle of forty degrees with the approach, is a mound nome three hundred feet in length, its crown and the side looking upon the lake, covered with full growth trees, willi a wide lawn and drive between the mound and the lake. Fronting the mound, and near the center of itx length, there has been left in the lake within a few feet of the shore, a formation which is peculiarly adapted to a small island. This island will be cultivated in si i rubbery and a small observatory placed upon it. to which access will be given by an arched bridge suflicientty high to allow of the passage of boats beneath it.
"From this point looking to the north, and about six hundred feet dislanl, lying parallel with the east shore of the lake, with but a narrow channel between, there lies a monitor-shaped island, with a huge granite rock rising from the middle some six or eight feet high, and twelve feet across the top, having the appearance of a turret. In the crevices of iJiis rock moderate-ailed maples and evergreens have taken root, and it is susceptible of being converted into a most and novel object. With shrubbery upon (he deck and the rock dressed to conform to tlie appearance of a turret, covered with evergreens, nothing could be made more striking or
"To the left of this point is another island, sufficiently lai to be adapted to the cultivation of eveireens and such shrnbbery as will be best adapted to beautify it,
"A series of arched bridges will extend in an east and west line, connecting the evergreen and monitor islands with the shores of the lake, and the amount of beauty and interest which may be added to tlie approaches, the bridges and the island will begoverned entirely by the amount of labor and taste expended upon them. The situation of each, and their relative position, is such as to admit of any amount of ornamentation, and the whole CHii be made a reality, tar more attractive than most pictures so far presented of any park or garden thrown open to the public in America.
"The interest does not cease here. East of this lake are several acres of wild and primitive land, with hill and valley, rock and forest, which can he converted by the mere touch of the engineer into pleasant walks and drives without disturbing the natural beauty of the location. Near the extreme north-west boundary of the grounds is a rocky prominence which commands a view of the lake in the cemetery, the cemetery and a large portion of the city and Lake Superior. This seems especially intended lor an intereeting spot, and will be the most attractive feature of the entire ground on account of its prominence. And all that portion of the tract north and east of the lake is of a character which furnishes the best plat possible for adding, at little expense, to the most interesting natural — ~ntry, such artificial embellish men is as will make it attractive beyond
several cover, and pass in front of the lawn on the south side, which voyage for charminft and poetical beaut/ cauoot be surpassed.
"This comprises the leading features of the park and cemetery of Marquette, but does not by any means comprise the beauty, or interest, in detail, which can be found in the combined attraeliona of the place. We believe the country has not yet furnished itK equal, however much has been done in many localities by the occupation of hundreds of acres of land and the use of innumerable auxiliaries for adornment. We have all the attractiona of hill, valley, lake, forest, rivulet, fountain, lawn, evergreens, shrubliery, rock, ravine, bridge*", boats and the panorama of the surrounding country, to please the eye and the taste, or to answer the call of scholars in vegetable or geological science.
''Several hundreds of the pines which stood upon the Washington street face of the park have been cut down — maples are (o be suhsLltuIed, and a Lawn cultivated next year. Engineers are now engaged surveying the property witli a view of filing upon lines by which it shall be landscaped. Two or three acres of the lake have heen eicavateii and the soil has been piled wilh lime to hasten its decomposition, for the purpose of having ir. ready to use next year in all cases where it is demanded to assist vegetation. The avenues are being graded with granite soil ; and a great amount of other work is being done preliminary lo the completion of the whole.
"It may be thought that we areover enthusiastic, or that we are claiming loo much for our little pet of twenty-five acres, in Marquette, but having visited the leading parks and cemeteries of the country, including tliose at Philadelphia, New York, Brooklyn, Boston, Baltimore, St. Louis, and other important localities, we are prepared lo say, that for beauty of landscape, points of especial interest to the lovers of the curious, novel and beautiful, we believe the Marquette park will surpass them all.
"The plan of combining the two, it seems, is original with Marquette, and the influence of the plan must result in their mutual advantage. The premises will be nro >erly policed and the park will be protected, while tlie tombs of the dead, and the respect due those who have passed away, will instill a spirit of decorum, and an appreciation of the good and the beauti- ' ' o alt who enter the ground, which feeling will pervade and surround
the place as with a charm of ease, and repose, a
The Holly works improved furnish an ample supply of pure, fresh water to its 7,000 inhabitants, while extensive gasworks illuminate the city with a pure and brilliant light.
And now, in bidding adieu to Marquette, and its liospilable, enterprising and liberal citizens, we wish them all the success, prosperity and growth which they most assuredly deserve, and wending our way lo the depot of the Marquette, Houghton and Ontonagon railroad, prepare to give our readers some account of other towns in the interior, ai d in order that they may not think we are blindly enthusiastic in all that concerns this region, we append the following account made by another stranger in these parts, Ynsef, the very able correspondent of the Detroit JFree Pi'ess, who
"That the Marguette, Houghton and Ontonagon Railroad has other means of income besides those derived from carrying ore and merchandise and disposing of land grants is evident. The passenger destined for the iron mines will find a throng of people at the station in Marquette awaiting the departure of the train for the mining region. Every seat in the conches will be found filled, many persons standing in the aisles, and all available space in the baggage car occupied. The larger number of the passengers— men employed in the mines in the vicinity— have been down to Marquette on matters of business ; others are new arrivals jnat going into the interior in search of jobs.
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"Among the rest are several swedish and German miners, who aif a-iidiicting to Uieir future quarters relatives and friends, freah ininiigraiir-'. juxt landed from tlie lake Bteamem. There are contractors and builders, very huny, having ranch work on hand that needs attention and ratlieidrove for time, and iife in!ilirance men who are uiing the in!>security of life and the neeOKsity of making provision for the fu'ure on not unwilling earn. Age In and lunuagerH of mines are going out to look after matters, and DwnerH of developed property and prospective locations guiding strangers to a view of the rkhnens of the land.
" Iron and fufnace meu from Pennsylvania and other Stales have come to satisfy themselves of the advantages offered by Che use of various ores, and drutt niers for mercantile houses with ponderous sample cares, anxious only to make good sales. Bailroad men and vessel captains are intnC on hurrying np sliipmentR, and summer tourists on seeing the strange sights of a mining region. Every one ha* something to talk about, and the now of conversation is strangely in contrast to the usual reserv and silence of passengers in railroad cars in other localities.
" Laden (iius heavily, the train tolls up the steep grade from the lake level at Manpiette to the heights of Che iron range, stopping at three or four'tatiuns at which blast furnaces are located, but retaining moRt of its [lasseiigerB until ut a distance of twelve miles from the starting point Negannee is I'eached. This is the sil of the first iron mines, a nunaber of wliieb are located within Che corporate limits of CheciCy, Negaunee is an city, wicb business activity and life pertaining to chat dignity. In ISTO its population was set down at 2,560 ; at present it has mure thnn double that number.
The Fikst Impressions.
" Probably the first thing that will arrest the attention of the stranger will lie liie concourse of people on the station platform awaiting the arrival of the train. Having made his way through tne crowd he will neiC wonder at tlie meaning of tiie large number of carboys of vitriol beside the railroad track, and when informed that nitric acid Co the value of $7,000 is every month eonsumed in the nitroglycerine factory, a mile or so from the town, will to appreciate the labor of extracting from rocky interstices the precious iron ore.
" Then if he cares to inspect the place before visiting the mines he will lind exiensive stores in all the lines of trade and all apparently doing a profitable business, two or three banks, a number of good hotels crowded with guests, eliurclies, schools ind private residences of neal appearance, but none of architectural pretensions Ngaunee has the advantage of two railroad lines, the Chicago and Northwestern and the Marquette, Houghton and Ontonagon
"South of the city a conslderible elevation styled a mountain, rears itself. The original growth of timber has been cut off, and the operations of the miners reveal a number of openings in the rocky side. These mines are distinguished as belonging (o the Negaunee hematite range. The ore is red and brown color, easily mined, and, in places, so friable as to be [eadily loosened with the pick and removed with a shovel. The hematite ores, though valuable, if not indispensable to mix with the harder qualities, are of the lean character — that is, averaging in a given weight hut 44 to 55 per cent, of iron.
,
"If a person connects with a Lake Superior iron mine (he idea of a suliterraneaii working in the ground to which access is had by means of narrow shafta of iinceruin depth and constant gloom and darkness, he will be qiiile disappointed on witnessing the reality. Operations in miningare usually begun at thesideofahill ormountain, upon which explorations and teat pits have revealed the presence of ore. The timber is first cut down and the surface soil removed. Then, if the vein is immediately at the outside or foot of the hill or mountain, as is sometimes the case, nothing remains to be done but to attack with drill, and powder, and pick and Bhovel, load it into carta or railroad cars, and draw it away. More frequently a cut wide enough for a road has be made through the intervening rock until the vein is reached, whose course afterward determines the direction of the workings. In other places the outcrop of the vein on the surface is followed down, often of such width and depth as to resemble
" Iron mining, in abort, is conducted much on the same principlea s quarrying, and tlie vein-< vary in width from a narrow passage in whigij but one man can be employed, and he sometinieB unprofitably, to openings so broad and cavernous as W contain a regiment. In all cases the conjigQ. ration of the vein regulates the shape of the mine, but generally siieatlng, the dimension of the surface opening are retained to the very bottom gf cavity.
" The veins dip at tolerably regular anglea from t!ie perpendicular, and when they are pursued for any distance ihe hanging wall ia supported by timber. Soraelimes an island or "horse" of rock obtrudes itself in the very midst of a vein. In such caaes, if very large, it is suHered !o remain and the windings of the valuable mineral followed around ii. In some mines, as the Jackxon; interposing walls of rock between large deposits of ore are tunneled through, giving admission to railroad care, into which the ore is shoveled direct from ita original bed.
"At the first opening of a mine horaes and carla are driven into the opening, and the ore removed to a " stock pile," which is a vast heap contiguoufl to the railroad track, or carted direct and dumped through shoots into the railroad cars. As the mine progreasen in depth, of course it becomes inconvenient, if not impossible to drive into its abyaa horses and carls, as however great the superficial opening the impracticable point will ultimately he reached. Bo in some of the older mines are used inclined railway tracks and cars, in other tracks well nigh perpendicular, traversed by cars of boiler-iron denominated " skips," and ingeniously devised to dump their contents when at the summit without jumping from the track- Powerful engines are used for hoisting in such mines, and for pumping, though in the summer season, but little water finds way Into the bottom.
At Work On The Kocky Face.
" Into theae broad pita, open alike to the soniight and the rain, the hardy miner betakes himself, and with his aiedge and drill attacks the glistening fitch of the rock. The miners proper work in gangs of three, usually, and are paid by the foot or cubic fathom. Perching himself where directed by the captain, at a convenient place, upon the side or the bottom, he starla his drill, an instrument of ateel, of no great length, which is driven into rock by the repeated blowa of his stalwart colieaguea.
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" When a aafficient number of holes of the proper incliiialioii liavt liceii drilled to give a " good throw," the cavitiea are charged with giaiil powder or nitro-glycerine, and a warning signal given, hearing which till liuiids quit work and seeli shelter until the blast has taken place. These blatitx are usuallj made four times a day — at ten o'clock and at one, at three andat siv. When the blast isovef, the other workmen set about removing the ore, uid also tlie other rock which may happen to be disengaged with it. Some llirowa" Jooseii larger quantities of ore than uihere, as some mines are more tavurably situated or easier worked than others. New York mine, situated at Ishpeming, has a vein sixth-five or seventy feet in width, the opening being 500 feet xuperficiat in lengtb, and down at the present time some sixty feet, dipping at an angle of aooui 30 degrees. Ktcentlv, at a single hlaKt, 1,075 pounds of giant powder being used, over 4,000 tons (8,000,000 pounds) of ore was thrown from this mine.
" The Iiernatil veins are easier worked than the specular or the magnetic. At Negaunce, upon some of tlie same locations are found botli classes of ores. It may be said, however, that the hematite mines have not so eneielically worked as containing ores of the harder varieties.
"A considerable expenditure is atttiched to the working of a mine, so that if valuable ore is found upon a side hill, awaiting the pick and Eihuvel of the miner, he cannot attack it without hrst making extensive tions. In the first place dwellings for workmen have to be erected, which is no slight task when the number reaches, as it dues in moat casea, fifty or more, several locations have a hundred. Then roads are to be cut, and switches and side tracks made, platforms and spouse for loading cars built, and repair shops put up. In places remote, stores have to be supplied, and goods of all descriptions kept for the use of the and their families. It frequently happens that months are consumed in this preliminary labor.
" The dwellings of the workmen are either frame or log houses. If the former, sometimes painted, but in alt cases made exceedingly comfortable. There is a certain sameness in tlie structures, and the stranger notes the absence of fences and inclosures, and the lack of gardens that he is accustomed to see attached to dwellings of like character "oeiow." Most mines have schoolhouses and teachers upon their locations, though not all of them are thus provided. In such cases of course the reason is the neglect of the parents tlieraselves, who are quite as well satisfied to have their boys earn wages as to lay up, a store of" book learning."
"A physician is an indispensable attache of every mine, hisservices being paid for by retaining from each single employe's wages seventy-five cents monthly, and from each married one $1.25. Mining accidents, however, a'e not so numerous as one might naturally suppose, Freacliecs are not so common, but occasionally one deems it his duty to visit the mining locations and attend to their spiritual wants. There are lawyers, too, but few of them thrive in this region. Each mine is contiguous to the railroad, and thus communication is made easy ; moreover, at each is a postoflice and a telegraph station. As for justices of the peace and constables, a distribuiion of the offices is made at each election — two or three, or more mines comprising a township, and law and order reigns as well as in any other well regulated community."
We'must beg to differ from" Usef" in regard to the hotels in which
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Neaunee IS no Bttdlj deficient. This in a great lossto this tiirivlng town, an people from Marquette, tourists and utliers, multe itu point nut to stny over night in the bolelB at Nejaunee. if it can posxiblj' be avoided. Ttib in a, grenl damage to Negaunee, aud we iiiideraiiuid tliat tioiiie of Iikt eirlerpriittng citizenK are about erecting an plant building lur a. tirst oiuHs Jioiel. Wlien Ihix ia done, Negauoee will increase in wealtli aud pu)! illation. We would like to do full justice to tlie enterprising spirit [irevailiiig aniongAt her citizens. But Negnunee must be seen to be appreciated , and we prouiisc the tourist or capitalist ample fields for bolb pleasure and prulil. Uitn;' laie fortunes have been innde here in an incredible ulmtt Kpaie of time, and the whole town looks healthy, buny and well to do, wliLle one mcetn at every turn, shrewd, sharp, honcNt appeariiig men, who cuitj' uu air of proiiperity about Cliem apparent U) all.
Three miles from riegaunee brings ti to Ishpeuiing, tlr><t settled in 1853, incorporated as a village in 1872. Located in the very heart of liie iron region, it is dependant uion the aurrouiidiug uiinei, of which there are five, the products of which, in 1872, amounted to 361,22 loii of ore. The ike Superior Co. and Ueer Lake Uo. each hiivea blasi tiiniace iu operation here. The town is finely located, very well laid nut, ra idly growing, and is supplied with water by the Holly system. ii;uiks, wliuol houses, (one of the latter now being built at a cut of and churches are adequate (o tlie wants of the inhabilalits.
Like Negaunee Ihey sadly need a hotel. A better inveiluiLiil could . be made no wLere ihan in a first-class hotel at lsh[>ending.
We saw the bank account of one small clothing store, with ime clerk besides proprietors, in this town, that averaged a daily deposit of f2oU,0U, (representing sales to that amount), and one dav ihe receipts were over $750.00.
(uite a large foundry is also located here, and employs a liiige liirce in turning out all description of engines and dilietent kinds of machinery, for which they find a ready sale. There la really no necessity to go away from home to purchase anything produced at the Superior foundry, as a better arliiJe, in their line, cannot be manufactured anywhere. On the cars iqjiun, and away we speed on our way to Mitliiganiuie. We are on a single track and it is astonishing how we manage to pass the numerous and heavily laden ore trains without accident. To a nervous person collisions would seem inevitable, but we have been behind the scenes and don't feel nervous at all. One day straying into the office of the fuperin ten dent of the Marquette, Houghton & Untoniiii K. K,, we observed a gentleman seated at a labie before a large chart whicli was oroijsed and re-crossed with lines and marked over with numbers very myHterioua to us. With a reporter's inquisitiveness we interviewed the aforesaid gentleman, and was very courteously Informed that on the cllurt before him wafl laid down all the stations, switches and crossings on the above named E. E., with the time when each train was due or should depart. Eelween his thumb atid finger lie held the key to the mighty electric telegraph. The first click of danger draws his attention to the chart, where at a glance he sees when and where every train for that particular minute was either due or ought to he due. A few movements of his hands holds great trains of ore or sends them flying down grade out of all danger. The lives of thousands are beneath the thumb of that one man. A single false soinid and the loss of life, say nothing of the wreck of pro|>erty, would lie immense. But he is a faithful steward, clear, cool headed and competent, his quick ear and sharp ee is ever on the alert, and we doze away in our seat in perfect security, flying over the rails on our road to Michigamme, feeling assured that our trusty sentinel is on duty and watching over us. With this knowledge before us it ut not at all wonderful that so very few accidents occur on a ivad where trains follow, one alter the other, at intervals of only a few
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Appendix.
minples, the livelong day, and far into the night. Our train sweeps ynHt a. lovely lake of clear, coot aweot water, and in anotlier uiomeiit,ne find utircelvex iu tlie depot located in the Micliigamixie.
We our way up town aroiiad stumpH and over large stone boldcm, tliruiigh the [u-ineipal Htreels of Michigammi ; a (own Cliat date" its hirth tu but a year ago, whtn, B<'ir an exixience uf eiglil months, ihe IGO huue$ which itK enterjjrijiii);! vitizena had erected weredestruye<> by lire in a single day. Two luuntlis ufierwurd, with a zeal and energy xelduiu, if ever, KurpflMMd, there rose from the late ruins 210 well liuilt and subRlaillial frame . liouseB, The greater amber of these buildingH are used eillier for business or boarding hoiisw.
There are five iron mines located around Michiptmnii and the population of the town is about 1,500. This seema to be one of the most flourishing, growing and enterprising towns in the county. Money is plenty and trade is briijli, everybody Heems to be cheerfid, happy and prosperous.
There are several other mining towns in the county, of more or less importance. iiuniMt, a mining tuwn on the M. H. & O. H. K., has a population of about 2,000, MiiisisCiug mostly of miners, and consequently may be conuJered more or less fiuating. This may be said of most of the other towns and villages, important as mining districts, but as in giving :tn account of tiie mines these places may be said to be incorporated, we do not deem it necessary to parljcularize in regard to them.
Marquette comity covers a large area of mineral land. It is essentially a mining county, and a description of one town will do for all. Suffice it U) say, that as a county, that of Marquette is a very rich, prosperous, and rapidly iiicTeaidng in importance every day of its existence. Taze are not high, busiiiew chances of alma( any kind are good, mechaiiicH and laborers are always in demand, and op|>orCuuitle>< for RBfe-pa};ing i:. vestments are plenty. The climate is lovely the year round, the air in winter C90I, clear and bracing, in summer pure and healthy. There is an air of enterprise, prosperity and contentment about its citizens seldom seen anywhere else, and at nu distant day the county of Marquette will be developed as one of tlie richest counties in the Union.
t
. J. P, Weiss.
72 iVooriward Avtnut,, Drtroif,
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