Biennial report from the Bureau of Mines, Manufactures and Agriculture, of the State of Arkansas, for the years ..

Arkansas. Bureau of Mines, Manufactures, and Agriculture · 1891 · Historical

v. : 23 cm

Public-domain full text preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library. Original source: archive.org.

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reall of Mines, Manufactures

Ngee od + A ou : '. : nh ind Agriculture UF THE : State of Arkans sas FOR Tne YEARS j cs T. RAD ORG, Commissioner. Ww. J. APPLE, Deputy Commissioner. ie v7 ; oF . h ag a hh Chae t % . ad ie Me fA ¢ '

Eighth Biennial Report

From The

Bureau of Mines, Manutactures and Agriculture

Of The

State of Arkansas

For The Years

1908 and 1904.

H. T. BRADFORD, Commissioner. ~W. J. APPLE, Deputy Commissioner.

Commissioners Of Mines, Manufactures

AND AGRICULTURE. ; NVISSTOST CCE Feel hee, radi, wt ah oe Appointed January, 1889 i He Os es tie tae ir ee Aan ee Elected September 1, 1890, to 1892 JOHNED. ADAMS* 25. 2 72523822..7. 009 Elected September 5, 1892 GEORGE Me CHAPUINE TA: sie . Appointed December 7, 1892 W..G. VINCENHELLERG E83 723.4583) Appointed March 11, 1893 VEG VEN GEN ETB AC TE RR Sens ot co ae nates Elected September 3, 1804 W. G. VINCENHELLER Re-elected September 7, 1806 FRANS BIL cee es eae eee Elected September 5, 1808 FRANK BILI23 toast7 0 ue Re-elected September 3, 1900 H. T; BRADFORDg iis), oaete ee Elected September 1, 1902 HT BRADFORD... Se eee Re-elected September 5, 1904

Died December 7, 1892. + Resigned March 10, 1893.

Executive Department Of The State Of Arkansas, 1905-1906.

GOVernor 2 4. ecw eee His Excellency, JEFFERSON DAVIS

Secretary, of: State wi. Acie ss fae ee O. C. LUDWIG Auditor ot) Staté@wGs # asa ee eaten os eee A. E. MOORE Treasurer of states. ou hod Pa ek ees ee ate eee Hebi Oat ba SA ic 1 Attarneys Generalivay orto cc ee ne ee ROBT. L.. ROGERS Commissioner of State Lands and Timber Inspector for the State

yan wa gS. Gey ol gue oo Sioranate ata ar ici ee ete es eRe Ee oa F. E. CONWAY Superintendent of Public Instruction J. H. HINEMON

Commissioner of Mines, Manufactures and Agriculture and Bureau of Immigration .os:2,, cee eee Ur ee eee H. T. BRADFORD

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Kighth Biennial Report from Bureau of Mines, Manufactures and Agriculture.

.To His Excellency Jefferson. Davis, Governor:

I herewith submit the Eighth Biennial Report of the Bureau of Mines, Manufactures and Agriculture. The present Commissioner has labored very earnestly

to improve and make this department what he conceived to ~be the object for which the Bureau was established. A - fairly good exhibit of the resources of the State have been

collected and arranged, and these have attracted a good deal

of attention from people who visit Arkansas from every

section of the country. During the year 1903 the Commis-

sioner spent the most of his time in visiting the different sections of the State advising the organization of farmers' clubs, horticultural societies, the holding of farmers' institutes and lecturing on diversified farming, inducing the growing of the many different crops for which our State

is adapted, and he has found that our people are abandoning the one crop idea year by year and are now largely producing on their farms what their families and stock consume, and then in addition, raising what cotton they can cultivate.

Many sections of our State are now producing, in large and shipping to other States, with profit, straw- - berries, apples, peaches, potatoes, melons, hay, etc., and engaging extensively in wheat growing for home consump-

tion, and it is gratifying to know that the farmers and fruit growers of the State are in better condition and more prosperous than at any time within many years, if indeed if not more so than at any time within the history of the State.

During the present year the time of the Commissioner

has been given very largely to the work of collecting and , maintaining the State's exhibits at the World's Fair, short

history and a description of which will be given in this report.

By carefully tabulating the natural advantages of each county, presenting the resources and possibilities, and systematically showing the advantages of better methods and

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more paying crops, the State can, through this department, enhance the value of her products, and secure increased profits to her citizens to the extent.of many millions of dollars in the aggregate, and I have no hesitation in recommending for this purpose a liberal appropriation for this_ department, as the very best investment that can possibly be made by the State, and an investment that, with careful and intelligent management, will be of great benefit to our farmers. 'The funds provided for this department have been wholly inadequate and the work has been, in consequence, almost entirely at a standstill, except such work as the Commissioner has been able to perform in addition to the correspondence of the office.

The Legislature of 1889 made it the duty of the Comuussioner of this Bureau to- "methodically arrange' and "distribute" statistics with regard to mines, manufactures and agriculture.

The wisdom of this provision is manifest when we consider the great tide of immigration that is constantly drifting to the South and West from the older States, seeking homes in a more salubrious climate, with better and cheaper lands, and seeking location for profitable manufacturing and mining, all of which are to be found in a greater degree in Arkansas than elsewhere. This current of immigration may be easily and effectively directed to our State by a plain, unvarnished statement of our resources and advantages, and a systematic presentation of conditions as they exist in Arkansas today. This can only be done by carefully compiled statistics, which to be of any value must be complete and reliable.

Provision has been made by most of the States of the Union for the collection of complete statistics, enabling the several immigration bureaus to issue very attractive and comprehensive reports.

I therefore recommend that the statutes be so changed as to provide, either annually or biennially, for the collection of statistics showing the number of acres in cultivation in each tract of land, on the tax books, the number of acres in each kind of farm crop, by each taxpayer, and the quantity and value of each crop raised the preceding year, the quantity and value of mined or manufactured product and produce of the forest, and such other information as may be appropriate. With this information embodied regularly in our reports, and systematically distributed, we

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would acquire greatly increased immigration from the older States, of such a character as would greatly hasten the development of our State.

There has been a constant effort on the part of the Bureau of Mines, Manufactures and Agriculture of this State to furnish such advertising matter for immigration purposes as the meager appropriations would admit and the Eighth Biennial Report has been prepared with a view of furnishing to homeseekers such information as would be of interest to them, and to inform the world of the conditions as they exist in Arkansas today.

Commercial Fertilizers.

Chapter 67 of Sandels & Hill's Digest provides nominally for the inspection of commercial fertilizers, but the statute providing for this inspection is so loosely drawn and so misdirected that the law is almost wholly inoperative, and all the fees collected for such inspection are paid to the inspector, who is also a member of the faculty of the State University ; while the State exercises no control over the inspection, and can furnish no assurance to farmers as to the values of fertilizers sold. The statute is, in my opinion, susceptible of improvement, and should be so framed as to place the inspection under the direct supervision of the Bureau of Agriculture; and the fees for such inspection so adjusted as to defray the entire expense of the same.

The inspection of coal oil under our present statute is also taken entirely from under the supervision of the State, and the law is so ambiguous as to leave it optional with the oil monopolies to have the inspection made in the State or out of it, and by whatever inspector they may select.

The statute providing for the inspection of oils should, in my opinion, be amended and made more definite, and its enforcement placed under the direct charge of the Bureau of Agriculture also.

The inspection of both commercial fertilizers and oils in our neighboring States is placed in the hands of the State Commissioners of Agriculture, and the fees collected, pay, not only the entire cost of a thorough and systematic inspection, but the entire expense of maintaining an efficient bureau.

I have included in this report such statistical information as I have been able to secure, and while all statistics

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included are thoroughly reliable, they do not cover all the ground that clearly should have been covered; but are the best that could have been obtained under the present law. I have included such information, and suggestions and directions as I trust will be of benefit to the agriculturalists and horticulturalists, as well as other citizens throughout the State, and the State itself, all of which is eas submitted. (Signed ) H. T. BrapForp, Commissioner of Mines, Manufactures and Agriculture.

JEFFERSON DAVIS Governor of Arkansas

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Arkansas.

Arkansas, situated as it is, between the parallels of 33 and 86:30, and between the meridians of 89 and 95 west, showing an elevation of 281 feet above the Gulf of Mexico along the southern boundary, and 2,340 feet in the northern part, exhibits almost every climate to be found between the British possessions on the North and the Gulf of Mexico on the South.

The State originally formed part of the Louisiana territory, and was first settled by the French in 1670, but in 1803 it was purchased by the United States from France.

The early territorial history of Arkansas is as meager in matters of general interests, as barren in material properly belonging to it, as the circumstances of its growth and development at a later period. Legends and traditions have, in the past, served, with few exceptions, the part of history. Since 1803, when the territory of Louisiana was acquired from the French Republic, it has been separated and afforded important political territorial divisions.

Arkansas remained a part of this territory until 1812, when the State of Louisiana was admitted to the Union, and it then became a part of the Missouri-territory and remained so until the year 1821, when Missouri was admitted to the Union, leaving Arkansas a separate territory, organized as such with its present limits.

Arkansas was admitted to the Union June 15, 1836, and since that time it has made the most phenomenal advancement in a general way of any Southern or Western State.

In 1820 there were but 14,255 people within the present limits of the State. The successive decades have noted enormous increases, not only in population, but in all lines of general advancement as well.

From 1820°to 1886, Arkansas outstripped all the States in the Union in the increase of population, except Indiana, Illinois'and Michigan. From 1830 to 1840, Michigan was the only State that excelled her in population growth. From 1840 to 1850, she kept pace with all, except Iowa and Wisconsin, while from 1850 to 1860, she outstripped all the rest, except Iowa, California and Texas.

The war was not strong enough to stay the growth, and when peace blessed the country with prosperity, Arkansas made the remarkable record of almost doubling her

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population in the sixth decade of her existence. Each succeeding census has shown a marked increase in her population of a most thrifty and vigorous kind; until in 1900 we had a population of 1,311,564.

But Arkansas can not only show rapid strides in her increased population, but in wealth as well.

In 1838 the entire taxed wealth of this State was, in round numbers, $15,000,000. In 1860 this had grown until the auditor's books showed an aggregate of $122,000,000. The war closed showing a taxed valuation of about $38,- 000,000. The loss of more than $80,000,000 in property, besides the other ravages of war, was a tremendous blow at the energies and hopes of the people, and it was believed by many that it would be half a century before the people would regain their former estate and give to the world a wealth value equal to that possessed by the people at the beginning of this great struggle. But the recuperative powers of the people, backed by the remarkable natural resources of the State, have enabled them in less than a quarter of a century, not only to regain the full taxed value of 1860, but to increase it more than 60 per cent. The assessment of all the real and personal property of the State foots up today $249,778,108.

This statement of the assessed wealth of the State shows that Arkansas has not only kept step with her own ratio of growth, as indicated by the decades prior to the war, but has also kept step with the whole Union. The entire wealth of the country increased from $16,902,993,543 in 1880, $25,246,589,804 in 1890, an increase of $7,346,- 596,261, or 43.46 per cent. Arkansas increased from $86,- 409,364 in 1880, to $174,737,755 in 1890, an increase of $88,228,391, or 102 per cent. 'This is to say, the increase of taxed wealth during the ten years, from 1880 to 1890, was greater than the whole amount of property on hand in 1880. Thus, while the population had increased more than 40 per cent, the wealth had increased more than 100 per cent. Both of these elements indicate a condition of health in our industries that invites the work, the wealth and the wisdom of other sections of our State.

Arkansas has an area of 33,824,000 acres. It is larger than New York-or Pennsylvania. It is only one-fifth smaller than all the New England States combined.

Within her borders are found almost every variety of land and climate. In the north are the Ozark mountains

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with their rugged, rock-clad hills; in the central western section the rough topography incident to the foothills of a mountain range; from the northeast corner of the State to the southwest corner hes a belt of rolling land, while — along the eastern border and in the southeast section it 1s generally level.. In mineral wealth she is wonderfully rich, only enough having been as yet developed to show that no State in the Union is more richly endowed in this particular than she is. Her wide reaching forests of almost every variety of timber are a veritable treasure house for the thousands of lumbermen who are already within her borders, and there is yet room for thousands more.

Her diversity of climate is great. In the northwest winter wheat and the apple grow as though indigenous to the land. In the south are found the cotton and the sugar cane in all their luxuriance and productiveness. Between these extremes and through various gradations flourish almost every kind of flowers, fruit* grain and grass known in the United States, and they grow in all their beauty. and perfection. If Arkansas was walled in and cut off from all communication with the outside world she could in a greater degree than any other State supply herself from her own resources with everything that grows, is dug from the earth, gathered in the air or caught in the waters. The meteorological conditions are favorable. The government reports show that the average rainfall in the State during the months of June and August is sixteen inches. From the same sources it is learned that observations covering a period of fifteen years show an average of seventy-five rainy days in the year. Violent storms are of rare occurrence. Of 134 destructive tornadoes reported from twenty-three States, four were in Arkansas. 'The annual mean temperature at Little Rock in the center of the State is about one degree less than that of Los Angeles, Cal. The deposits of minerals is marvelous in richness, extent and variety. But little of the great wealth of the State in this direction has as yet been developed. What fabulous treasures lie buried beneath the hills and plains of Arkansas only is known by the Omnipotent mind that placed them there. And yet enough is known to place her at the head of the States rich in minerals. Great fields of coal have been discovered, deposits of iron ore, zinc, lead, copper, manganese, marble, granite, whet and hone-stone, rock crystal, paints, nitre earths, kaolin, marls, freestone, limestone, buhr and grindstone,

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flagstone, pencil and roofing slates and aluminum, topaz and amethysts, of all colors and agates, and still the list is not concluded. 'The agricultural products of Arkansas mark her, too, as a great State. In 1903 she produced 970,205 bales of cotton, ranking sixth among the cotton producing States; she raised 2,250.000 bushels of wheat, ranking twenty-second in the production of this cereal; her corn crop was 50,000,000 bushels, placing her fifth in the list of States. In the matter of fruits her peaches and apples are not outranked in quality and flavor by those of any other State. Vegetables of every variety grow in such abundance and through such long seasons that the supply is never exhausted. 'These are some of the things that make Arkansas great. Here she lies in all her strength and beauty, holding an outstretched, welcoming hand to honest industrious men everywhere and bidding them to come and get a home among her hills or on her plains. Here is peace and plenty, thrift "and happiness, morality and intellectuality for all deserving people. 'Here the sun shines brightly all the year, the rain falls gently and the winds blow calmly. The heat is ever tempered by cooling breezes and the rigors of a northern winter are unknown. !

Population Of Arkansas Since, 1820.

The following tables give the aggregate population of Arkansas according to the official account of the returns of the twelfth census.

Arkansas was. organized as a territory March 2, 1819, and admitted as a State June 15, 1836. In 1810 Arkansas County, then in the territory of Louisiana, but subsequently included in the Ee ery of Arkansas, had a population of 1,062.

Population Of Arkansas: 1820 To 1900.

Increase. Census Years. Population. Number. Per Cent.

LDU eer ee TR Pe ee Se en et 1,311,564 183,385 16.25 dio Ui Mice ECEORS Peper Ae Re MAS Wels eS Rese 1,128,179 3 25,564 40.58 foo hee ed 2 a OES ES OS coos me BS 802 318,054 65.65

Be Pe SEs eet ee fe ee en ee te 484,471 49,021 11.26 1 SG0 swe se et are. OM eR eS ee 5,4 225.553 107.46 sl OO aes He tre ce bp SO Bae! Nees Ve Lae BF, 7 209,897 112,323 115.12 1840. 97,574 67,186 221.09 Obes Nig Or pl EE eee ee oe ee eee 30,388 16,183 113.17 1820. Le Oly ee Geeeeen Ca re eee

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The population of the State in 1900 was 1,311,564 as against 1,128,179 in 1890, representing an increase since 1890 of 183,385, or 16.25 per cent. 'This rate of increase is only about two-fifths of that for the decade from 1880 to 1890, when it was 40.58 per cent, and less than one-fourth of that for the decade from 1870 to 1880, when it was 65.65 per cent. From 1860 to 1870 there was an increase of only 11.26 per cent, but prior to 1860 the population more than doubled itself during each decade, and for the decade from 1830 to 1840 showed an increase of 221.09 per cent.

The population of Arkansas in 1900 was more than ninety times as large as the population given for 1820, the first census taken after its organization as a territory in 1813;

The total land surface of Arkansas is, approximately, 53,045 square miles, the average number of persons to the square mile at the censuses of 1890 and 1900 being as follows: 1890, 21.27; 1900, 24.73.

Arkansas' Financial Condition.

The present financial condition of Arkansas, October 1, 1904, is better than it has ever been in the history of the © State with $1,167,904.66 in the treasury and only a small indebtedness overhanging, which can be paid at any time.

The figures recently compiled in the Auditor's office show the total indebtedness to be as follows:

Arkansas bonds, 3 per cent issue, 1899, 'invest-

ment in permanent school fund $1,123,500 Investment in University of Arkansas, endow-

Mente hese AS Shee ees 115,000 Outstanding (Private individuals) 17,500 r Votale 248 Ags SB ee AR TP Oe $1,256,000:

Of this amount the $17,500 is the only item that will have to be paid, and the State is able to liquidate it at any time. 7

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The University Of Arkansas.

In 1862 the congress of the United States offered to each State in the Union public land to the amount of $30,000 for each senator and representative in congress to be used in establishing the land grant colleges. As declared by congress, the purpose of the land grant was to establish in every state an institution where "the instruction was to be given in agriculture, the mechanic arts, the English language, and the various branches of mathematical, physical, natural, and economic sciences, with special reference to their application to the industries of life." These land grant colleges were separate and distinct from any State university that might then be in existence or that might be established at some future time by the State itself. And as a matter of fact there are in many states two separate institutions, the State agricultural and mechanical college, and the State university in different locations.

In 1871 the legislature of Arkansas accepted the offer of congress to establish a land grant college within her borders. Fayetteville and Washington County gave $130,- 000 to obtain the location of the college, and in 1872 the college was opened to students. The provisions of congress for the subjects to be taught were plain and specific. 'They were excellent for the purposes congress had in view, namely: to give the greatest possible benefit to the agricultural, scientific, and industrial interests of the United States at large. Arkansas gave the name of the "Arkansas Industrial University" to the institution founded under the land grant of congress. But to a State without advantages for higher education along lines of culture and professional training, these provisions of congress were not sufficient to meet the needs of all her youth. In consequence of this desire to meet the needs of all her youth, the State of Arkansas established at the same place, Fayetteville, other houses of instruction, intended to furnish opportunities to her youth for development along. less technical lines than those provided by congress. The courses offered by the State are those of history, political science, economics,. philosophy, pedagogy, ancient and modern languages, and. the branches of engineering other than the purely mechanical. In this way the land grant college of congress and the State University coelesce and form a compact educational institution, in which each part is helpful and supplementary to

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the other. In 1899 the legislature changed the name from the Arkansas Industrial University to the University of Arkansas. In addition to its former grants, congress in 1887 provided $15,000 annually for the maintenance of an experiment station "to aid in acquiring and diffusing among the people useful and practical information on subjects connected with agriculture and to promote scientific investigation and experiment respecting the principles and applications of agricultural science." This experiment station was also located at Fayetteville, on the college grounds. The University of Arkansas has then under its supervision; the subjects required by congress especially for agricultural, mechanical and scientific development; the subjects added by the State itself in language, history, etc., and the experiment station for scientific research. The citizen of Arkansas has the advantage of all these opportunities at the University. The people of the State so largely interested in agriculture and so dependent upon its success or failure as Arkansas, should be attracted with peculiar force by the features of the land grant college and the experiment station of the State University.

Since at least 80 per cent of the population of Arkansas is interested in agriculture directly and all indirectly, it may not be amiss to give some information about what the Uni-_ versity of Arkansas is offering to the youth of the State in agricultural and scientific lines.

Agriculture, which is offered as a regular course among the University studies, has the experiment station and the farm for its laboratory. 'Theoretical work is supplemented by practical experiments in the field. Under the subjects of agriculture instruction is given in regard to soils, crops adapted to this climate, farm buildings, machinery, tools,

c., farm animals and general farm management. There is, too, a course in dairying with a scientific treatment of that branch of work.

In horticulture, the course is likewise offered among the University studies, with the experiment station and farm for laboratory. In this work the study embraces physiology of plants and plant breeding, with instruction in making hot beds, pits, greenhouses, etc. The propagation of plants by seeds, spores, cuttings, budding, grafting, and transplanting also receives attention. Furthermore, instruction is given in fruit culture with reference to the kinds best adapted to the State, and the methods of dealing with insects, etc. This

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work is very important to Arkansas, if she is to keep her splendid reputation for fruit culture.

The department of chemistry is not behind in practical work for the good of the State. For instance, the course in chemistry includes in its instruction agricultural and food analysis, industrial chemistry, metallurgy, and water analysis.

In the department of biology there are offered courses in bacteriology, physiology, entomology, with special reference to the beneficial and injurious insects, with remedies for the latter.

In zoology the work includes the laws, development, heredity, variation, correlation.

In the department of geology local geological conditions and formations are studied. Thorough courses in mineralogy and crystallography are also given in which minerals are determined by the blow pipe and other means. If.the youth of Arkansas are to get the benefit from the development of her undeveloped resources, they have no better opportunity to fit themselves for it than in the department of Geology of the State University.

The different branches of engineering work in the State University are well equipped and are doing good work. The legislature at its last session provided money to build a new three-story engineering hall. In mechanical engineering, work is given in the theory of steam and gas engines, in the study of designs, construction and operation of water wheels and pumping machinery; in heating and ventilation; in railroad erigineering ; methods of ice making and cold storage.

The department of civil engineering offers some courses that are very timely and suggestive to the people of Arkansas. In addition to instruction in surveying, this department gives courses on the subject of highways, the location, construction and maintenance of common macadam, 'Telford roads, as well as brick, stone, wood and asphalt pavements for city streets. The work in this department includes, too, sanitary engineering, with the calculation and special details of construction of sewers, purification of sewerage, and municipal and domestic sanitation. 'There is also a course in the study of systems of water supply, location of water works with estimate of cost, etc.

The department of electrical engineering has likewise some valuable courses. Electric railways receive deserved

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attention. Instruction is also given in telephony and telegraphy. In the study of electrical machinery in general, instruction is given on direct and alternate current dynamos and motors with their applications to light, power, railway, mining, and manufacturing.

The growth and development of the mining industry in Arkansas makes the department of mining engineering a very important one. This is a new department of the University. Some money has been appropriated by the State, and as soon as a teacher can be secured, courses in mining engineering will be offered, such as tunneling and shafting, ore dressing and milling, assaying, mining law, and mining - administration.

These are only some of the features of the State University pertaining especially to agricultural, scientific, and industrial topics. 'The other features of the University are - equally meritorious and deserving of the attention of the youth of Arkansas.

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University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Ark.

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Our State Charitable Institutions.

It may be well said that the general character of the people of the State is rightly estimated by their charity toward the more unfortunate within their midst.

Along these lines Arkarisas stands fully abreast of the times. Our magnificent, well equipped and bounteously provided for charitable institutions are living monuments to the credit of the State of which we are justly proud.

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Arkansas School For The Blind, Little Rock, Ark.

'"'He whom nature thus bereaves Is ever fancy's favorite child."

And so it should be. To our blind we owe a debt of sympathy that mere dollars and cents cannot compensate. Shut off from all the beauties of life as they are, why should we, the more fortunate, spare any expense or pains in providing a means whereby this class may, yet susceptible of education, receive that kind of instruction which will prepare them to earn their cwn support?

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The people of Arkansas several years ago viewed this question from a proper standpoint, and have provided a magnificent educational institution for their blind, that not only does credit to the State, but to the entire South. Liberal appropriations have secured a most excellent corps of teachers, and absolute free instructions and medical treatment are thereby provided for the blind of our State. Where the case necessitates, ample provisions are made whereby the State assumes the entire expense, even to the extent of clothing the student; thus it is seen that the poor, whom we have with us always, are especially cared for in Arkansas.

In this institution, as in the Deaf Mute Institute, particular attention is given to the preparation of students for such professions as they may fill, and a large number of graduates are turned out each year.

The proper appreciation of this institution is better shown by the fact that the enrollment, since 1880, has increased more than 800 per cent.

The Dear Mute Institute.

In this institution, free instructions are given all deaf mutes within the State, who will avail themselves of the opportunities. The entire expense is borne by the State, if the student is unable to bear his own expenses; thus the poorest of our State are placed upon the same level with the wealthiest. The appreciation of this is shown by the fact that the enrollment has increased more than 90 per cent within the past six years.

The training received here is especially directed to the fitting of this class for stich vocations in life as to enable them to earn their own living, and many printers, mechanics of all kinds, and teachers are turned out annually.

Our legislators have always been liberal along these lines, and substantial appropriations have always been made to maintain the institution on a high basis, and to secure the services of the more efficient instructors.

In September, 1899, all the magnificent buildings of the Deaf Mute Institute were destroyed by fire; but ample appropriation was made by the succeeding Legislature and better and more modern buildings have been erected on the hill where the old buildings were destroyed.

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Insane A8yuur

THE INSANE ASYLUM. Of all our public institutions, none is so honored for its uniform charity as that of our Asylum for the Insane. It is one of the largest aiid most thoroughly equipped institutions of its kind in the South. The buildings are all modern, and the physicians employed to treat the inmates are among the best the State affords. The most liberal appropriations are made for its support, and every advantage possible is accorded this unfortunate class of our people. Upwards of $100,000 is appropriated annually for the support and maintenance of this institution.

oING Opens

New State Capitol.

The new State Capitol has been completed up to the second story, the first and second tier of beams are in place and the fire proofing of these floors is now being placed in position.

Stone from the Batesville quarries is being used for the entire work, except for the base course, which has been cut from grey granite found near the city of Little Rock.

The work so far as completed, presents a magnificent appearance and is praised by all who have seen it. The work has progressed more slowly than was expected, as the opening of the new quarries at Batesville from which the stone that is being used was obtained, was greatly delayed by reason of the railroad authorities' slowness in putting in a switch to the quarries, and later, by the drought which curtailed the water supply necessary for the sawing of the stone. It is thought that there will be no further delays and that the work will now progress much more rapidly than it has in the past. ;

The building is of the Ionic order of architecture, with first, second and third floors, basement and sub-basement. It will be 437 feet frontage with large central dome, 228 feet high, and with two smaller domes on either wing. The central dome is to be surmounted by a statue of Victory, with four smaller emblematic figures about the base, two at each end, and over the front, or main entrance, a group of six figures, representing agriculture, manufactures, mining, commerce, art and science. Other groupings of statuary will relieve the harsher architectural lines and add much to the symmetry and harmonious effect.

The interior finishings also are to be done in beautiful marbles, of variegated hues, and wherever it is necessary to use wood, the native hardwoods of the State are to be utilized.

A broad flight of steps will lead up from the terrace in front of the first or administration floor, where will be located the supreme court room and justices' chambers in one wing, and the governor's apartments in the other, with a liberal concourse between, and a large open rotunda beneath the central dome. 'There is a large public reception room attached to the apartments of the governor, where the chief executive will receive large delegations of visitors who may have business of State, or who may come from

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abroad to inspect the capitol as a model for a building of their own. Here, as elsewhere throughout the building, the arrangement is wholly with a view to convenience. The second is the legislative floor, and the senate and representative halls are in either wing, with all the necessary private offices, cloak rooms, lobbies, committee rooms, officers' apartments, lavatories, etc., so arranged that the members and attaches are given absolute privacy, the official 'doorkeeper standing sentinel over an extended suite of apartments and offices. 'The attic story is devoted to the galleries opening upon the chambers, also rooms for the accommodation of newspaper men, telegraph and telephone rooms, etc. The supreme court room and libraries will be located in the rear of either wing, extending up through three stories, a height of 60 feet, with six galleries reached by convenient stairways, the aggregate capacity of these libraries being roughly estimated at half a million volumes. On the ground or basement floor, which is really one foot above the terrace, but entirely below the grand staircase, will be located the general State offices, such as land commissioner, agricultural commissioner, department of education, railroad commission, exhibit rooms, board rooms, etc. Below this will be another story 12 feet high, in which will be located the heating and lighting plant.

The heating system will be an admirable one. The air will be sucked down into the: sub-basement from the central dome by means of powerful twelve-foot fans, then forced through heating chambers and by a double pipe system carried to all parts of the building. One pipe will carry hot air and the other cold air. The air enters the coils in each apartment from the pipes, the kind of air being controlled automatically by a thermostat which may be set at any desired temperature. Any room can be filled with fresh air in fifteen minutes and emptied in the same period. An equal temperature and pure atmosphere may thus be secured.

The building is to be absolutely fire proof, no wood being used except for certain necessary finishings and the doors. The hall of the House of Representatives will be 54x84 feet, and the Senate chamber 48x52, the seats being arranged in semi-circular form in each. A striking architectural feature will be the series of columns in front, 3 1-2 feet in diameter and 32 feet high, extending up through the first and second stories.

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The site of the capitol is most commanding. It is the wish of the architect to fill in the space between the building and the present walls of the penitentiary which have been torn down to the grade of the building. This will leave the building standing on an elevated plateau eight acres in extent, like the Parthenon of ancient Athens. Around the building will be a broad terrace 24 feet wide, about four feet above the grade line, surrounded by a balustrade. To the rear there is a steep declivity, the ground dropping sheer for a hundred feet, presenting a magnificent view and a strikingly monumental appearance from both the Iron Mountain and the Rock Isiand Railroad, thus allowing every one passing through the city to have a view of the building.

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Arkansas At The World'S Fair.

On February 5, 1901, Senator Byron Price of Arkansas County, introduced a bill in the senate appropriating forty thousand dollars for the purpose of making an exhibit of the State's resources at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1903. The bill passed the senate making the appropriation of forty thousand dollars, but was amended in the house of representatives and the appropriation reduced to thirty thousand dollars. The bill provided for the appointment, by the governor, of three directors, who should erect a State building, upon the location obtained by them upon the exposition grounds. To collect from various sources the resources of the State and make exhibits thereof in the different buildings erected for that purpose by the exposition company. It provided also for the appointment, by the board of directors, of a manager, one clerk, one lady assistant, one janitor and one chambermaid, and fixed their salaries. The directors were appointed by the governor as provided in the bill, but little was done by them owing to the fact that the holding of the exposition was postponed trom 1903 to 1904, and the further fact that another session of the legislature would be held before the holding of the exposition.

On the 19th day of January, 1903, Senator Price introduced in the senate a bill amending the Act of 1901 and proposing an additional appropriation of seventy-seven thousand one hundred and twenty-three dollars and nineteen cents, this amount was reduced by amendments in the senate and house to fifty thousand dollars, and was passed by both houses and approved by the governor. This bill provided that George T. Lake, J. C. Rembert, George R. Belding and the commissioner of mines, manufactures and agriculture should constitiite the board of directors and that they should hold their offices until the close of the exposition. It provided that the board should erect on the World's Fair grounds, on the site allotted to Arkansas, by the exposition company, a building or buildings of such architecture as in their judgment would be best, not to cost over twenty thousand dollars, to include furnishing, and to collect and arrange exhibits of the resources of the State, and to have charge of the same during the exposition.

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After the adjournment of the legislature of 1903, the board of directors met and organized by electing George R. Belding, president, and James C. Rembert, secretary, and afterwards electing Thomas W. Milan, manager, C. L. Watkins, clerk, and Miss Lizzie Gage, lady assistant. 'The board of directors adopted the plans and specifications submitted by Frank W: Gibb, architect, of Little Rock, Ark., and the contract for the building was awarded to the Morrison Construction Company of St. Louis, Mo., who erected the building according to the plans and specifications, and the Arkansas building, while not the largest, nor most expensive, of the State buildings, compares favorably with the best of them in its imposing appearance, and the beauty and style of the architecture.

The building was furnished by the Arkansas Carpet and Furniture Company, of Little Rock, Ark. This firm deserve a great deal of credit for the taste and good judgment displayed and for the excellent and substantial furniture placed in the building by them.

The Hollenberg Music Company furnished, without cost to the board, the pianos for the building, which added very largely to the pleasure of the large crowds of visitors.

The board of directors decided to make exhibits for the State as follows: Education, Horticulture, Agriculture, Mines and Metallurgy and Forestry, and to make each of these in the buildings erected for that purpose by the exposition company. 'The following were selected to take charge of these departments: Hon. J. H. Hinemon, superintendent of education; Hon. John P. Logan, superintendent of horticulture; Prof. A. H. Purdué? superintendent of mines and metallurgy; H. T. Bradford, superintendent of agriculture and forestry. The superintendent of each department was directed to collect from the different sections of the State the exhibits necessary for his departments, and at the proper time, under the direction of the board, to have the same installed. Mr. D. S. Clark furnished the designs for the exhibit booths, and was employed to superintend their erection, and to assist the superintendents of the departments in the installation of their exhibits. The following pages give a brief description of each exhibit as completed.

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The space selected in the Palace of Agriculture, for the exhibit of Arkansas, was near the center of the building, and covered a floor space of forty by ninety-one feet. 'The architectural scheme adopted consisted of an ornamental, central dome, with a colonnade extending north and south to each end of the space. The whole structure was elaborately decorated with the agricultural products of the State, so arranged as to show the quality of the materials used as well as to indicate their relative economic values in the general make-up of her composit agricultural output. Beneath the dome, a spacious, square room served the double purpose of an office for the attendant and general reception room. A wide base on either side of the colonnades formed a receptacle upon which to display our exhibits. Neat tables were also used for this purpose, ranged about the space, so as. to show their contents to the best possible advantage. Upon these were placed the samples from field, orchard and garden, both fresh and in glass. Supplies of grains, grasses, fruits and vegetables for exhibits were contributed by the people of Arkansas, and such was the interest and public spirit of our producers that all available space was kept filled with premium taking samples throughout the entire term of the exposition. Through this commendable interest, shown by our people from all parts of the State, she was enabled to secure the following long and gratifying list of awards:

D. M. Goodlett, Ozan, hay, gold medal; W. F. Gordon, Harrison, peas, gold medal; J. H. Hamilton, Mena, wheat, gold medal; Prof. C. L. Newman, Fayetteville, cow peas, gold medal; R. J. Abernathy, Mena, wheat, silver medal; Agricultural Bureau, Little Rock, alfalfa hay, silver medal ; Arkansas State Commission, Little Rock, collective exhibit of corn, silver medal; H. A. Dean, Camden, corn, silver medal; J. H. Hammer, De Witt, potatoes, silver medal; J. H. Kinna, Hamilton, oats, silver medal; John Leifer, Little Rock, beans, silver medal; J. H. Love, Russellville, potatoes, silver medal; C. G. Miller, Sydney, wheat, silver medal; J. D. Montgomery, Black Springs, beans, silver medal; W. C. Myers, Ozan, alfalfa hay, silver medal; G. W. Perciful, Lonoke, hay, silver medal; W. A. Silvey, Paris, millet seed, silver medal; A. J. Walls, Lonoke, squashes, cucumbers and cabbage, silver medal; J. W. Vestal, Little Rock, peanuts, silver medal; Prof. Ernest Walker, Fayetteville, beans, silver medal; A. L. Aydelott,

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Biscoe, corn on ear, bronze medal; W. H. Bartlett, Rogers, buckwheat, bronze medal; J. L. Carson, Jacksonville, beans, bronze medal; Henry Ellingsworth, Carlisle, wheat, bronze medal; James Grayson, Corning, corn, bronze medal; A. J. Gunnell, Violet, corn, bronze medal; W. L. Harris, Bentonville, corn, bronze medal; I. Henthorn, Bentonville, wheat, bronze medal; M. C. House, Panola, beans and peas, bronze medal; J. C. Jackson, Waldo, corn, bronze medal; Eugene Lankford, De Valls Bluff, oats, bronze medal; D. L. King, Hardy, wheat, bronze medal; W. D. Atwood, New Edinburg, onions, bronze medal; Arkansas Experiment Station, Fayetteville, beets and cabbage, bronze medal; C. A. Ault, Little Rock, tomatoes, bronze medal; W. P. Barnes, Camden, potatoes, bronze medal; H. T. Bradford, Little Rock, bell pepper, bronze medal; Mrs. Z. A. Clark, Arkadelphia, Irish potatoes, bronze medal; W. P. Draper, Malvern, cantaloupes, bronze medal; S. C. Dowell, Walnut Ridge, cabbage, bronze medal; Henry Hartsell, Portia, watermelon, bronze medal; Mrs. J. F. Jamar, Lonoke, beets, bronze medal; Leggett Bros., Mena, oats, bronze medal; R. B. Martin, Elmwood, wheat and rye, bronze medal; G. M. Mayes, Lowell, wheat, bronze medal; N. C. McCrary, Richmond, alfalfa, bronze medal; John J. Howes, Crocketts Bluff, burr oats, bronze medal; Mrs. S. M. Oakley, Bentonville, tomatoes and onions, bronze medal; Robert Brown, Van Buren, potatoes, bronze medal; Smith and Shackleford, Okolona, beets and cabbage, bronze medal; I. N. Speers, Robinson, wheat, bronze medal; Taylor Stone, Cullville, timothy and clover, bronze medal; H. C. Summers, Harrison, rye, bronze medal; W. F. Terry, Atkins, egg plant, bronze medal; W. F. Turner, Atkins, pepper, bronze medal; W. H. Vivion, Lonoke, oats, bronze medal; F. H. Wadley, Camden, potatoes, bronze medal; Mena Water & Light Co., Mena, cantaloupes, bronze medal; Adams Bros. & Co., Arkadelphia, flour, silver medal; G. M. Mayes, Lowell, flour, silver medal; Geo. T. Lincoln, Bentonville, graham flour, silver medal; Jersey Roller Mill Co., Harrison, cornmeal, bronze medal; W. B. McCroskey, Eureka Springs, collective exhibit processed fruits and vegetables, silver medal; Mrs. Sallie M. Oakley, Bentonville, canned peaches, etc., bronze medal; Oklahoma Vinegar Co., Fort Smith, pickles, relishes, etc., gold medal; Mrs. Sallie M. Oakley, Bentonville, preserves and jams, silver medal; W. S. Allen, Mist, sorghum, silver medal; Mrs. Sallie M. Oakley, Bentonville, pickles, silver medal; E. L. Taylor,

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Bentonville, sorghum, si!ver medal; Mrs. Sallie M. Oakley, Bentonville, strawberry vinegar, bronze medal; Consumers Cotton Oil Co., Little Rock, collective exhibit, gold medal; Dr. J. H. Estes, Little Rock, cotton, gold medal; R. D. Haily, Rector, broomcorn, gold medal; R. D. Griffin, Marianna, cotton, gold medal ; Crk. Moore & Bros., Helena, cotton, gold medal : Hot Springs Ostrich Farm, Hot Springs, plumes, etc., gold medal: Wm. Templeplace, Hope, cotton, gold medal ; Williamson 'estate, Helena, long staple cotton, silver medal; Betts Bros., Hope, long staple cotton, silver medal; B. F. Haywood, Richmond, one bale long staple cotton and stalks of green seaisland cotton, silver medal; Lasker Bros., Little Rock, long staple cotton, silver medal; Marianna Cotton Oil Co., Marianna, long staple cotton, silver medal; J. B. Shults, Fulton, long staple cotton, silver medal; J. S. L. Wright, Naylor, sage grass, bronze medal; J. L. Welt,, Marianna, cotton, bronze medal; Keys Plantation, Helena, -cotton, bronze medal; Dixie Cotton Oil Co., Little Rock, oil, bronze medal; Dr. J. P. Basham, Little Rock, cotton, bronze medal; B. F. Haywood, Richmond, cotton, bronze medal; M. A. Jones, Marianna, cotton, bronze medal; Mrs. Sallie M. Oakley, Bentonville, honey, silver medal. Ninety-one in al!.

The glory of Arkansas never shone more brightly than through her fruit exhibit at the fair. Funds were not available wherewith to elaborately decorate our space, and the members of the board saw with consternation, the splendid creations rise on all sides, in the allotments of neighboring States, whose wealth and great appropriations enabled their representatives to build to the full limit of their desires. We were obliged to content ourselves with plain, but neatly constructed tables, which were arranged to fill our entire floor space, leaving ample passageways to permit visitors to approach each table from every side. Here again the public spirit of our people came to our assistance and turned misfortune to victory, by filling every inch of table room with the choicest specimens of the fruitage of our orchards, vineyards, gardens and berry patches. Art is measured, valued and appreciated in proportion to how near it copies nature, and when nature's products so nearly approach perfection as do the fruits of Arkansas, elaborate decorations prove only to obstruct and detract from the general appearance of the display. This is especially true, in cases like

ours, where the supply of premium-taking berries, grapes, M.—2.

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pears, peaches, apples and other fruits, in endless variety, are exhaustless and constant, and Arkansas' exhibit demonstrated to the world, that the best possible setting and decoration for a plate of prime fruit is other plates of equal quality. Under these conditions, maintained during the entire term, so strongly supported by quality and volume of samples, all flashed upon the visitor at a first, sweeping glance, our modest pretentions proved to be our greatest attraction.

One of the most gratifying triumphs attained by any exhibit in any line in the entire exposition, came to Arkansas through the fact that, with the exception of one day, during the whole session, she floated the "Stars and Stripes" over the largest apple on exhibition, and very probably the largest one ever grown.

Of all the natural resources of our State her forests have attracted to her the widest attention and yielded the greatest returns in money. It was therefore to be expected that a great showing would be made in this exhibit. Owners of timber and manufacturers of lumber throughout the State responded liberally to the request from the board for samples, and from the materials. thus secured we were enabled to make an adequate and comprehensive display of the unequalled timber wealth of our State. As with our other exhibits, but little attempt was made to decorate with materials foreign to the line in competition, nor to finish and polish the samples, believing that great care in the selection of perfect specimens of each of our almost countless varieties of wood, would redound to greater benefits and glory to our State, than a display of workmanship and art in finishing, which might be construed by the critical visitor as an attempt to cover defects instead of to only please the eye. Special care was therefore taken to so prepare and place the samples of each variety so as to permit the closest inspection both plain and finished. Among the leading varieties shown were yellow pine, white oak, post oak, cypress, cottonwood, red cedar, red elm, red and tupelo gum, white and black hickory, black walnut, white, blue and black ash, poplar, wild cherry, persimmon, white holly, black locust, osage orange, soft and hard maple, black, red and burr oak, catalpa, hackberry, white walnut, sycamore, sassafras, beech, birch, and a great many other species of less economic value. So far as was possible all the distinct Species of our native timber growth were shown, and the fact emphasized that the State of Arkansas not only excels

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each of her sisters in the number of her distinct varieties of timber growth, but can almost vie with all of them collectively. The general effect of our forestry exhibit upon the visitor was to impress upon his mind the untold value of our timber resources, and the immensity of our lumber output. The literature handed out from our space informed him that we have within our borders 129 different varieties of merchantable timber, and that nearly thirty million acres of our surface are covered with forest growth, which when manufactured into lumber and sold upon the markets of the world will produce funds sufficient to buy and pay for, at their assessed valuation, an equal area in any of our older and wealthier neighboring states, and that after the timber is cut we still have, where it stood, a fertile and productive soil, which when put into cultivation will yield as much profit acre for acre as any other State in the Union. Perhaps no other exhibit excited so much popular attention and" favorable comment among the classes who buy and build homes or establish and operate great industries as did our forestry exhibit. We received for this collective display the highest award, a gold medal.

While Arkansas has in past competitive expositions invariably secured numerous premiums upon her minerals she has never before gathered together and shown either so great a variety nor such massive samples of premium taking ores. Here again lack of funds barred elaborate decoration and here again Arkansas demonstrated that she did not need decoration except such as could be secured through the artistic arrangement of the samples entered for competition. Indeed the volume of the consignments of mineral was so great that no room could be spared for decorations which were not composed of the samples themselves. 'The people of Arkansas knew that their State is rich in useful ores and they also knew that if owners and developers did justice to the opportunity an astonishing composite showing would be made at the fair, which would be of inestimable advertising value to her. They were not to be disappointed in the matter and it was gratifying to note their words of approve! when visiting the space, and the expressions of surprise and interest from those of other communities whose attention had never before been attracted to the resources of our State.

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So far as was possible it was the aim to so arrange our samples as to show the natural formation of our deposits as well as to display to the best advantage the general quality of the ores. Each sample or group was plainly labeled, with the name of each variety and the location and ownership of the deposits from which they came. Owners, realizing the great importance of this exposition as an advertisement, both to the State and to themselves individually, were extremely liberal in furnishing materials for exhibition, and also in giving valuable assistance in arranging, labeling, entertaining visitors, and answering the myriads of questions asked by the throngs which daily visited our space. Lack of space prevents us from describing the various meritorious individual displays composing our exhibit, in which was shown, aluminum, antimony, asphaltum, barytes, bismuth, cement, chalk, many varieties of clay and coal, cobalt, copper, Fuller's earth, granite, graphite, greensands, gypsum, several varieties of iron, kaolin, lead, limestone, marble of many kinds and colorings, manganese, nickel, novaculite, ocher of every shade from yellow to dark brown, pyrites, phosphate, sandstone, silver, salt, serpentine, shale, slate, soapstone, tripoli, quartz crystals, zinc and many other minor ores. Also a great many by-products resultant from their combination, reduction and manufacture. Eleven medals were awarded to this exhibit, some of which covered a large number of different contributions of the same variety. The list follows: A goid medal on composite collection of zinc ores; a silver medal on bauxite; a bronze medal on slate; a bronze medal on zinc; a bronze medal on marble; a bronze medal on lime; a bronze medal on Fuller's earth; a bronze medal on building stone; a bronze medal on quartz crystals; and a bronze medal on coal mine model.

Space 15 by 55 was secured in a prominent place in. the Palace of Education and a booth was built according to the plans of Architect D. S. Clark.

The booth in the Palace of Education was divided by partitions, thus admitting of the exhibition of various phases of school work, properly classified, and also providing additional wall space. One section was devoted to the Deaf Mute Institute, the School for the Blind, and State University ; one to the negro schools, and the other sections to the public schools.

The exhibit from the Deaf Mute Institute consisted of specimens of pupils' drawing, pictures in water colors,

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art, and numerous specimens of burnt wood. The frames of the pictures were made by the boys of the school.

The School for the Blind furnished a large collection of fancy work, drawn work and garments made by the blind girls. All this work was displayed in glass show cases, made for the purpose. The exhibit from the kindergarten of the School for the Blind was very fine and attracted much favorable notice.

The State University contributed a large model of the University campus, showing the buildings, etc.

Of the exhibits from the negro schools, special mention should be made of the exhibits of the Colored Industrial Institute of Pine Bluff, the manual training from Fort Smith, and of kindergarten work from Hot Springs. The attractive display of these school caused much favorable comment, especially from northern visitors.

In considering the work of the Public Schools, it should be remembered that the General Director of Education urged teachers to submit the actual work of pupils in all grades and departments. 'The written work, consisting of ordinary daily class exercises, special articles, examination papers, compositions and essays, was suitably bound in neat volumes, about 300 in number. Each paper was prefaced by a statement stating the length of time required in its preparation, the object of its preparation, the number in the class, the name and age of the child, and the name of the teacher and the school.

A large number of photographs, charts, and maps were furnished and were displayed in twenty leaf cabinets. Many large photographs of schools were framed and hung on the walls, both inside and outside the booth.

What Arkansas has gained through her exhibits at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition cannot be computed nor estimated at this time. It is a well-known fact, throughout the length and breadth of our State, that she needs more men and capital to fell her forests, cultivate her soils, open her mines and manufacture her raw materials. Her resources have not been as well known and understood to the people of other states as they should be, and the only way whereby these people can be informed upon the attractions of our State is through their exploitation and advertisement. During the seven months covered by the exposition period, the best of our offerings in all lines were constantly before the eyes of countless of thousands of interested visitors. Competent attendants and willing citizens of

Superintendents Arkansas Exhibits, Louisiana Purchase Exposition.

Superintendents Of Departments.

1. JOHN P. LOGAN, Siloam Springs, 3. H. T. BRADFORD, Little Rock, Superintendent of Horticulture. Superintendent of Agriculture and Forestry. 2.: A. H. PURDUE, Fayetteville, 4, J. H. HINEMON, Little Rock,

Superintendent of Mines and Metallurgy. Superintendent of Education.

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Arkansas were always at hand to explain our exhibits and answer the many questions of those, who, for the first time, heard that our State was so rich in all the factors which are essential to the building of prosperous, contented homes and successful business enterprises. So favorable an opportunity has never before presented for Arkansas to become widely and favorably known. 'The chance was met and full advantage taken of it to enlighten all inquirers and to place the State before them in her true.light. 'Thousands from the North, East, South and West who came to the Fair with no intention to go further, saw, examined and studied our exhibits, talked with our citizens and then took a side trip to Arkansas to see the country. Hundreds of thousands carried back home with them, descriptive literature and the addresses of our citizens and business men, intending later to correspond or come down with a view to securing homes or investments. These people are now talking among their friends, describing what they saw at the exposition and relating to interested and doubting hearers, the scope and richness of the various exhibits from Arkansas.

These are seeds planted in good ground; they are germinating; they will grow; they will bear fruit, and Arkansas will receive thousands of settlers thereby. Who can estimate the value to our State, of a good citizen? He comes, he invests his money, he gives his energy, industry, experience, influence and life to the building up of his new home and its surroundings. He is always public spirited, no matter from whence he comes. 'The commerce, schools, churches and society of his new environments all feel the benefits of his presence.

Arkansas needs these new citizens, and she will continue to need them until her forest solitudes are turned into tilled fields, until every valley is threaded by its railroad; until every mineral deposit has its mine; until every quiet village has its factory; until the values of our farm lands are fixed by their earning capacity under tillage, and until every forty, eighty or quarter section of our surface forms the seat of a neat, prosperous, happy home. :

When all these things have come to pass, then and not before, will the expenditures made and the work done by Arkansas and her people at the Louisiana Purchase F/xposi-

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County Sketches.

Arkansas County.

Arkansas County is situated between the Arkansas and White rivers, both navigable for steamboats throughout the year. Area, about 900 square miles. Population, 12,973; white, 9,369; colored, 3,604.

The face of the county is generally level, with no hills or mountains; one-third being alluvial, one-eighth timbered uplands, remainder being prairie. There are 2,015 farms in the county, according to the census of 1900, representing an area of 240,457 acres, valued at $1,986,860, including buildings. There are, subject to homestead entry, about ' 180 acres; to donation, a few thousand acres.

Corn, cotton, oats, millet, sweet and Irish potatoes, and field peas are the principal crops grown. For the past two or three years the farmers have been experimenting on wheat growing, and it has proved very successful. Several large roller mills have been established in the county and the wheat industry bids fair to become one of the leading products of the farm in the near future.

The average yield of seed cotton per acre is, upon uplands, from 500 to 800 pounds, and from 1,000 to 1,600 pounds is produced upon the bottom lands; corn from twenty to twenty-five bushels upon the uplands, and thirty to fifty bushels in the bottoms; wheat from fifteen to eighteen bushels per acre; tobacco, 1,000 pounds; oats, from thirty to forty bushels; Irish and sweet potatoes, 200 bushels; turnips, 400 bushels; sorghum, 150 gallons of syrup; field peas, from fifteen to thirty bushels per acre, generally grown with corn. The cotton crop of 1901, which was about 50 per cent short of the average, yielded 4,79 bales. :

Owing to the abundance of native grasses, but little of the cultivated grasses are grown. Clover and timothy both do well, the clover producing 3,000 pounds and timothy 2,000 pounds per acre.

Apples, peaches, pears, plums, apricots, as well as the small fruits, succeed well, especially peaches, pears and plums. Considerable attention is now being paid to growing grapes, and they are found to do well in this section of the State.

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This county is admirably adapted to stock raising, owing to the abundance of native grasses, and the cheap hay furnished by the large extent of unoccupied prairie. Large numbers of native cattle are grown at nominal expense. The river bottoms of this county are exceedingly fertile, capable of being made into stock farms the equal of those of any county, as all varieties of the cultivated grasses grow luxuriantly.

In the timbered portions of the county all varieties of the oak are found, together with ash, cypress, sycamore and red gum. Considerable bodies of white oak and cypress of fine quality are to be found in close proximity to rail and river transportation.

The St. Louis Southwestern Railway passes diagonally through the county, furnishing communication with all sections of the country north and south. The Stuttgart and Arkansas River Railroad runs from Stuttgart to DeWitt, thereby furnishing the southeast portion of the county connections with the main line of the ''Cotton Belt.'

The educational and religious advantages of Arkansas County are unexcelled. There are more than sixty school houses in the county. The public schools are kept open from three to nine months each year. The principal institution of learning in the county is the Stuttgart College, located at Stuttgart. There are 5,138 children of school age in the county; 3,477 whites, and 1,661 colored.

Fach of the following denominations have churches established in nearly every part of the county, viz: Baptist, Methodist, Christian, Lutheran, and Presbyterian.

DeWitt, with a population of 318, is the county seat. The principal town in the county is Stuttgart, with a population of 1,258, and rapidly increasing. Other towns in the county are: Arkansas Post, St. Charles, Goldman and Mt. Adams.

The first settlement made in Arkansas was at Arkansas Post, Arkansas County, by the Spaniards. The capitol of the territory of Arkansas was located at this place until 1819, when it was removed to Little Rock, where it has remained since.

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Ashley County lies in the southern tier, adjoining the State of Louisiana; is separated only by the narrow strip of Chicot County from the Mississippi River, and is bounded or traversed by the navigable waters of the Ouachita, the Saline and Bayou Bartholomew. 'The numerous tributaries of these streams afford ample water facilities for purposes of farming and stock raising. 'The area of the county is about 940 square miles. The surface is generally level, onefourth being of a strictly alluvial character and extremely © fertile, another fourth consisting of prairie, and the remainder of uplands of varied and fairly productive soil.

Population, 19,734.

Three-fifths of the land is improved; there being, according to the-census of 1900, 3,002 farms in the county, representing an area of 235,858 acres, valued at $2,051,150, including buildings. Ample opportunities still present themselves for purchase of excellent farms, at very low prices, improved land selling at from $1 to $10 per acre; unimproved at from 50 cents to $2 per acre. 'There are about 1,505 acres of Government lands subject to homestead entry; also a few thousand acres of State lands subject to donation. 'The Mississippi River, Hamburg & Western Railway Company has several thousand acres of land for sale.

The crops generally grown are corn, cotton, potatoes, oats, wheat, sorghum, sugar cane and millet.

The average yield per acre, as reported, is as follows: seed cotton on hill land, 500 pounds per acre; on bottom 1,500 pounds; corn, twenty-five to fifty bushels per acre; sweet potatoes, 200 bushels, sorghum, 150 gallons of syrup; field peas, twenty bushels. Some experiments in rice culture and sugar cane have been made and the results prove quite satisfactory. With the proper attention there is no reason why this industry should not be made a success in this county.

Apples, peaches, plums and pears succeed well; while the scuppernong and other southern varieties of grapes flourish.

The county is admirably adapted to stock raising. The native grasses are good and abundant, and cattle require but little feeding during the mild winters. The cultivated grasses do well in this county and, are beginning to be grown extensively.

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One-fourth of the area of the county produces pine timber; abundance of cypress is found in the many large brakes, and there are also white and other varieties of oak, walnut, sweet and black gum, and hickory in considerable quantities. The facilities for rafting are as good as could be desired, especially in the eastern part of the county, where we have the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway running entirely across the county, intersecting the Mississippi, Hamburg & Western Railway at Montrose, which runs to Hamburg, giving direct connection with the Mississippi River.

Beds of lignite or brown coal are found upon the banks of the Saline and Ouachita Rivers, with every advantage of easy access and transportation to local and Mississippi River markets.

Besides the high school at Hamburg, there are seventythree schools in the county which are kept open from four to six months every year; and from 100 to 150 churches among the Methodist, Baptist, Christian and Presbyterian denominations.

Hamburg, the county seat, with a population of 1,260, and Portland, population 426, are the principal towns in the county.

Hon. T. F. Mears, of Hamburg, Ark., will answer all specific inquiries regarding the lands and resources of Ashley and adjoining counties.

Baxter County.

The area of Baxter County is about 600 square miles. It is one of the northern counties, and occupies an important position in the great mineral belt. The statistics of 1900 show a population of 9,298, all whites.

The topography varies from the rocky hills, so common to the northwest, to the undulated level valley lands of the various streams flowing through the county, furnishing almost every conceivable variety of scenery and surface formation. 'The climate is admirably mild and pleasant.

There are but few, if indeed any, counties that can excel or equal Baxter County in quantity and quality of pure, sparkling streams, and everlasting springs and wells.

Timber for fencing, fuel and manufacturing purposes is abundant, and is found in almost every variety known to this climate. "The various oaks, hickory, ash, walnut, cedar and sweet gum are the most abundant, and are to be

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found in large forests; practically nothing having been done so far toward the development of the immense timber resources of this county.

The lands are diversified, generally rich and productive, and well adapted to the raising of corn, cotton, wheat, oats, tobacco, clover, beans, potatoes, and the various grasses. Every variety of fruit that the latitude will permit is raised here. In a great portion of the county the uplands are limestone, and yield in crops equal to the river bottoms. The county throughout is well watered, abounding in springs and creeks and rivers so clear that their pebbly bottoms may be seen from side to side. Several of the large streams afford exceptional advantages for manufacturing purposes, and the finest locations of vast water power lic idle and vacant.

About two-thirds of the county is improved. There are, according to the census of 1900, 1,618 farms in the county, representing an area of 189,289 acres, valued at $1,160,450, including buildings. Of the unimproved lands, the United States owns 50,200 acres, which are subject to homestead entry. There has been more than 8,000 acres of Government lands taken up by settlers within the past few years.

The average yield per acre of the different products are as follows: corn, thirty-five to fifty bushels on upland, and fifty to sixty-five on bottom lands; cotton, on uplands from 800 to 1,200 pounds, on bottom lands 1,200 to 1,500 pounds; wheat, from twelve to eighteen bushels on upland, and from sixteen to twenty on bottom; tobacco, from 100 to 1,200; oats, on bottom lands, from forty to sixty bushels ; rye from twenty to thirty bushels; Irish and sweet potatoes, from 100 to 125 bushels; turnips, 200 bushels; sorghum, 150 gallons.

The cultivated grasses do well in this county, and are beginning to be grown very extensively. The variety of fruits that succeed best here are: apples, peaches, pears, cherries, plums, grapes, and most all the different berries. The White River branch of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway now runs through the county, having just been completed, along the north bank of White River, which gives good shipping facilities to the east and north. About forty miles of this road runs through the county. Since the building of this road it has been the cause of a ereat many homeseekers coming to the county and many hundreds of acres of Government lands have been taken for

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homes. Several new towns have been laid off along the railroad, the most important of which is Cotter and Cotter Heights which now have a population of 300. White River also runs through the county, and is navigable the most of the year, and would easily furnish transportation to many manufacturing enterprises, to which great inducements are offered in this county.

There are sixty-three public schools in this county, kept open from three to six months in a year, one college, the Mountain Home Baptist College, located at Mountain Home. 'There are about 100 churches in the county, composed of the Methodist (North and South), Christian, Baptist, and Presbyterian.

Mountain Home is the county seat and principal town in the county. It has a population of 500.

Benton County.

This county is especially adapted to the production of fruit and grain. Cotton is not planted to any extent. Its area is 880 square miles. Its location, in the northwest corner of the State, along the line of Missouri and the Indian Territory. Population, 1900, 31,611, practically all white.

Most of Benton County is a high, level plateau. Fifteen per cent is wooded mountain land, 35 per cent open prairie, and rolling timbered or cleared land, 50 per cent. There are, according to the census of 1900, 4,428 farms, representing an area of 416,273 acres, valued at $6,368,960, including buildings.

Tame grasses do well. Apples are grown to perfection ; the fruit is highly colored and of excellent qualities. A good apple crop is about 2,000,000 bushels. In 1895, 200,000 barrels were shipped out, and other years have closely approximated this. The apple crop of 1901 was perhaps the best ever known in this county. There were more than 2,000 car loads shipped, and the total value of the crop for Benton County alone exceeded $1,000,000. Dropped apples, which were formerly largely a waste, are now used by evaporators, distilleries and cider and vinegar factories. There are over three hundred evaporators of large and small capacities, in this county. 'The largest fruit distillery in the world is located at Bentonville, and an extensive cider factory at Rogers.

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Strawberries are produced in great abundance and of good quality. In 1898 there were 8,400 crates shipped out of the county, or 140 car loads. This was not an unusual crop, but the only one of which accurate records are accessible.

There are two north and south railways through the county, and one from east to west. The St. Louis & San Francisco is in the eastern part of the county, and the Kansas City Southern is in the western part. The Arkansas & Oklahoma Railroad is now completed from Rogers, on the Frisco, through Bentonville, to cross the Kansas City Southern at Gravette, through Southwest City, Mo., and into the Indian Territory.

Bentonville, with a population of 1,848, is the county seat, and is beautifully located in the western part of the county in the heart of the apple section. Rogers, population 2,158; Siloam Springs, population 1,748; Gravette, population 447, and Gentry, population 419, are all rapidly growing towns in importance and business enterprises. 'Twelve newspapers, one medical journal and one poultry journal are published in the county at Bentonville, Rogers, Siloam Springs, Gravette, Gentry and Decatur. An increase in the efficiency of the common schools is noticeable, and academies and colleges are located at Bentonville, Rogers, Pea Ridge, Mason Valley, Siloam Springs, Gentry and other places. There are 11,999 children of school age in this county, 11,964 white and thirty-five colored. There are 146 school houses, valued at $39,180, and the sum of $388,036 was expended, in 1904, for the benefit of the public schools of this county.

Sulphur Springs has mineral water of notable curative qualities, and is a health resort for those suffering from blood diseases, etc.

Monte Ne, the great health and summer resort, recently opened up by Mr. W. H. Harvey, formerly of Chicago, and author of ''Coin's Financial School,'' has proven to be one of the most popular resorts in the South.

The pure water, and altitude of 1,000 to 1,600 feet makes Benton County one of the healthiest parts of the State, and a climate without extremes of heat or cold, and scarcity of insect pest, gives comfort to man and beast. The people are moral, temperate, intelligent and hospitable. Churches of all Protestant denominations abound all over the county. The population is nearly all white, American born, and from nearly every State. There are, however,

a few Swedes, German, Irish and other nationalities. The broken, hilly, stony lands of White River, and in the north part of the county, are being settled by a good class of people, and are found to be especially adapted to fruits, particularly berries and grapes. This land is cheap, is fairly well timbered, has beautiful springs and some fine scenery.

Superficial digging and boring shows good indications of zinc, lead, coal and oil.

In the hilly portion of the county there is some fine hardwood timbers, especially suitable for the manufacture of staves.

The county is particularly adapted to stock raising, and fine opportunities present themselves for parties who will engage in this enterprise. 'The value of the live stock of Benton County, in 1900, according to the census, was $1,098,162.

Boone County.

Boone County is in the northern border of the State. Its only river of any magnitude is the White, which affords navigation, in the upper part of its course, at high water only. The St. Louis & North Arkansas Railroad runs diagonally across the county; while the White River branch of the Missouri Pacific system is now being constructed across the north half of the county and will be completed within a few months.

Its soil is mostly strong and productive, even the rough rolling portion, and very strong and productive in the sandy loam of extensive levels which compose from one-fourth to one-third of its area. It is one of the most pleasant counties in the State.

Its area is 648 square miles, of which about one-fourth is mountainous, yet much of this mountain land is good for pasture and fruit farming. There are about 268,148 acres under cultivation. 'There are about 14,000 acres of land still subject to homestead entry, and a few acres of State land subject to purchase or donation. 'The population is about 18,000, almost all white. (About thirty colored in the county.) Improved land sells from $5 to $50 per acre; unimproved from $2.50 to $10.

The products are largely those of a northern climate, such as, wheat, corn, potatoes, tobacco, and hay, -while apples, peaches, pears, plums, and cherries, grapes of almost every kind and different varieties of berries are of superior quality and productiveness.

Gathering Apples in Boone County. 'Along the 'Frisco.'"

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Since the advent of railroads into the county, thousands of acres are being planted to apple and peach orchards, and within a very few years it will be one of the best fruit counties in the State. Boone County being further from the line of the western prairies and being timbered and surrounded by hills and mountains, it sometimes has good crops of fruit when other counties fail. Its splendid climate, good fruit, and sparkling pure water makes it a delightful place to live.

Cotton does well, yielding half a bale to the acre on the upland, and from three-fourths to a bale in the bottoms; the average yield of other crops is estimated as follows: corn, twenty-five bushels to the acre on uplands, and thirty to fifty bushels in the bottoms; wheat, ten and fifteen bushels; oats, thirty-five and fifty bushels; rye, ten on the uplands, and twenty in the bottoms; potatoes, the sweet and Irish, 130 to 200 bushels; turnips, 200 bushels.

Timothy, clover, orchard grass, blue grass, red top and . millet do well; the average product of red top being 2,000 pounds; timothy, 4,000 pounds; clover, 4,000 pounds; millet and Hungarian, 4,000 pounds per acre.

Much pride is taken in the introduction and breeding of improved stock, which does well here. Of improved breeds of cattle, the shorthorned Durham predominates.

In the northern and northeastern portions of the county are extensive pineries. Oak and cedar are found, and of white oak especially, there is a large growth. Several saw mills are operated in this county.

Zinc and lead are the principal minerals found, and they occur in large quantities, especially in the northern and eastern part of the county. 'There are large tracts of zinc land which are being rapidly developed. Boone County has been appropriately termed one of the finest mineral counties of Arkansas. There are evidently millions of dollars bound up in the natural resources of this county. Many large investments have been made recently.

The educational and religious facilities of Boone County are the most excellent. There are 5,873 school children of school age in this county, 5,857 whites, and sixteen colored. There are eighty-eight school houses, valued at $29,980, and the sum of $16,215 was expended in 1904 for the benefit of the public schools in this county. The Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, Christian and other denominations have churches in nearly every section of the county.

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Our public schools are on a par with that of any other county in the State. 'There are 104 public schools in the county, which are kept open from three to ten months in the year. Besides these there is the Harrison High School, the Bellefonte High School, the Valley Springs Academy and the Lead Hill High School which furnish excellent educational advantages in the higher branches.

. The principal towns are Harrison, Lead Hill, Valley Springs, Bellefonte and Rally Hill.

Harrison, the largest town and county seat, has a population of 2,000; has seven churches, graded public school. Also, it has two banks, three flour mills, three weekly newspapers, United States District Land Office, telephone system, with long-distance connection ; ice factory, and electric lights, and has a $100,000 Government building now in course of construction.

The immense deposits of high grade lead and zinc ore, which abound in the immediate vicinity, assure a bright future and a large increase in population as soon as the mines are developed.

For further information, address John A. Bunch, Harrison, Ark.

Bradley County.

Bradley County is situated in the southern portion of the State, and is bounded on the southern side by the Ouachita River, on the eastern side by the Saline River, and on the western side by the Bayou Moro, the first two of which, at this portion of their course, afford good navigation. The area of this cotfhty is 645 square miles. Population, 9,651, of which more than two-thirds are white.

Ninety per cent of the area of the county is level, the remainder hilly, but without any mountainous surface, with a small portion of alluvial lands. The uplands are gravelly, sandy or clay, in different localities.

According to the census of 1900, there are 1,281 farms, representing an area of 167,021 acres, valued at $668,380. There are open to homestead entry 3,572 acres, and a few thousand acres of State lands are subject to donation.

Corn, cotton, oats, sorghum, sweet and Irish potatoes are the chief staples. Considerable interest has been given to the raising of stock and the growing of cultivated grasses, recently, both of which have proven successful so far as tried.

Cotton yields about 900 pounds on upland, and from 1,200 to 1,500 on bottom lands; corn from forty to fifty bushels per acre; oats produce from twenty-five to forty bushels per acre; sweet potatoes, from 150 to 200 bushels; field peas, from twenty to twenty-five bushels; sorghum, from 100 to 150 gallons of syrup per acre.

All varieties of fruits are grown, and, with proper care, produce well. This county lies in what may be called the "grape latitude" of Arkansas; the Scuppernong, Ives Seedling, Cynthiana, and other varieties thrive excellently. The Ives Seedling is said to furnish the best wine, though nearly all do well.

The county has large forests of fine timber, chiefly pine, white oak, hickory, walnut and ash; in the bottoms, on the large streams, cypress is found. An almost inexhaustible growth of pine crosses a large portion of the area of the county; and the streams and the railroads furnish every facility for conveying it cheaply and quickly to the market. The white oak is chiefly found in the bottoms. Fine beds of coal are believed to exist, but have not been developed.

The religious and educational advantages of this county are excellent. Most all the Protestant denominations are represented by good congregations, and good church houses may be found in every community in the county. There are sixty-five public schools in the county, and 3,750 children. are taught from three to six months in the year. There is $14,608 invested in school property, and the total amount spent for the benefit of the public schools in this county during the year 1904 was $12,187.

The price of improved land is from $3 to $10 per acre; that of unimproved, from $1 to $3 per acre.

The towns are: Warren, with a population of 954, the county seat; Johnsville, population about 200, and Moro Bay, population 150.

Calhoun County.

Colhoun County lies in the second tier of southern counties, and about midway of the State from east to west; is well situated with regard to communications. The Ouachita River, which forms the southern boundary, affords good navigation, while the St. Louis Southwestern Railway, passing through it in the north, conveniently connects it with all the principal points north and south.

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The area of Calhoun County is about 900 square miles. Population, 1900, 8,539. There is in this county, according to the census of 1900, 1,162 farms, representing an area of 151,023 acres, valued at $488,380, including farm buildings.

The crops raised here are: cotton, corn, rye, Irish and sweet potatoes, turnips, and most all the tame grasses are grown to some extent. Cotton yields about three-fourths of a bale to the acre; corn produces from thirty to fifty bushels per acre; Irish and sweet potatoes, from 200 to 300 bushels per acre. Other crops yield proportionately.

Apples, peaches, pears, plums, and other southern varieties of fruits thrive well here. Grapes have proved very successful, the principal varieties grown being: Scuppernong, Ives Seedling, and Concord.

This county has an abundant supply of fine commercial timber, such as: pine, oak, gum, cypress, beech, hickory, and some ash. The Ouachita River and the St. Louis Southwestern Railway furnish first-class facilities for marketing lumber. There are several large sawmills in different parts of this county. 7

Calhoun County is well watered with numerous small streams, good wells and springs of fine water. This county offers good inducements to parties desiring to engage in stock raising. Stock water is plentiful anywhere in the county the year around; and most all the cultivated grasses are found to do well.

There were eighty-two public. schools taught in the county during the year, which are kept open from three to six months in the year. There are 3,028 children of school age in this county,—1,886 white and 1,320 colored. There are fifty-eight school houses in the county, valued at $6,160, and the sum of $10,152 was expended in 1904 for the benefit of the public schools of this county.

The Missionary Baptists, Primitive Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians and Christians support about 100 churches in the county, and good church and school houses may be found in every community in the county.

The principal towns are: Hampton, Summerville, Woodberry, Chamberville and Thornton. Hampton, the county seat, is a very prosperous little town with a population of about 500.

The improved lands of this county may be bought from $3 to $10 per acre, while the unimproved may be bought

from $1 to $3 per acre. There are 5,342 acres of Government lands yet open to homestead entry in this county, some of which is very fine agricultural lands. 'There are also several thousand acres of State lands here for sale and donation.

Carroll County.

Carroll County is situated in the northwestern part of the State, and has for its northern limit the Missouri line. It embraces nearly 640 square miles and has a population of 18,884, according to the census of 1900.

The face of the county presents a varied landscape. Mountains, hills, plateaus, prairie, alluvial levels and bottoms change the features of the county in every section.

There were, in 1900, 2,383 farms in Carroll County, representing an area of 271,851 acres, valued at $1,857,310. About 22,680 acres of land belong to the Government, and the State owns a few hundred acres subject to donation.

Corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, sorghum, are among the principal crops grown. 'There is no cotton of any amount raised in this county.

The average yield of corn on the uplands is thirty bushels per acre, and from fifty to sixty bushels on bottom lands; the yield of wheat is from eighteen to twenty-five bushels; rye, from fifteen to twenty-five bushels; Irish potatoes, 150 bushels; sweet potatoes, 175 bushels. The cultivated grasses, such as clover, timothy and millet, are grown successfully here.

Apples, peaches, pears, cherries, plums, grapes, blackberries, raspberries, currants, strawberries, and all manner of fruits grow well and produce well, if adapted to the climate. Crops of all kinds seldom fail here.

Some attention is given to improved stock, and the county 1s well adapted to nearly all kinds, and experiments along this line so far have proved very successful, especially with sheep, hogs, cattle and mules. )

About one-thirtieth of the area of the county is covered with yellow or hard pine. White oak timber is in abundance and of good quality, and some black walnut and cherry timber is found. 'The timber resources need development and easier transportation.

The Eureka Springs branch of the Frisco Railway runs twenty miles into the northwestern part of the county to Eureka Springs, and has within the past year been extended

to Harrison, Boone County. Of streams, we have: White River, Kings River and Osage River; not navigable: Long Creek, Dry Creek, Yokum Creek and Piney Creek.

Lead, and gray and red marble are found of very good quality, but have not been developed. There has also been some fine discoveries of zinc made in this county. Fjureka Springs produces some of the finest onyx in the United States, if not in the entire world.

There are 110 free public schools in Carroll County, one academy and one college. The public schools are kept open from three to eight months in the year. At Eureka Springs there is a college and good graded schools, and at Berryville, the county seat of the eastern division of the county, is located Clark's Academy, an institution of learning more than fifty years old.

There are 6,727 children of school age in the county; 6,686 of whom are white and forty-one colored. There is $35,195 invested in school property in the county, and about $26,966 expended annually for the benefit of the public schools. There are ninety-one school houses in the county, valued at $30,475.

Fifteen Christian, ten Presbyterian, a few Episcopal and Catholic churches are scattered over the county, and a good church house may be found in every community. The county is well watered by running streams, and the soil is generally good, being in the bottoms black alluvial; in the uplands, clay foundation, and in the mountains, limestone.

The water for domestic purposes is obtained from springs, which is mostly soft, and wells generally hard.

The principal towns of the county are: Eureka Springs, Berryville, Green Forest and Carrollton.

Fureka Springs, celebrated for its mineral waters, is the largest town in Carroll County, and is also the county seat of the western division. It is one of the most delightful health resorts of the South, some fifty mineral springs being located here, which for medicinal and curative properties rival the wonderful Hot Springs of the State. Its cool, pure air, and the natural and artificial beauty of the city, make it a most popular resort, and thousands of invalids come here every year, and a majority of them are able to leave in a few months thoroughly cured. So popular is the water becoming that immense quantities are shipped weekly to St. Louis and other cities, where it is retailed in the drug stores by the glass or bottle.

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In the vicinity of Eureka Springs are numerous beautiful caves, in many of which are found as fine grade of onyx stone as the world produces. A large onyx works has been erected here which turns out thousands of dollars worth of goods annually.

Fureka Springs has ten churches, an excellent system of public and high schools, a large number of good hotels, banks, newspapers (weeklies and dailies), a large auditorium, a fine opera house, electric street railway system, and a population of nearly 5,000.

The Eureka Springs Sanitarium Company has secured 1,800 acres of land near the city, and have already expended more than $100,000 in beautifying the grounds, including the construction of an artificial lake, electric car line, driveways, etc.

Chicot County.

Chicot County is situated in the southeastern part of Arkansas, being bounded on the east by the Mississippi River. It has an area of about 850 square miles, all-of which was originally timbered land; 205 square miles of what is known as second bottom land, and 645 of what is known as first bottom land bordering on the Mississippi River and extending back from ten to twenty miles to the hills. These lands are immensely rich and will produce almost anything.

Chicot County is traversed by many small streams, affording splendid drainage and ample water for stock. Its western boundary is the Bayou Bartholomew, which is a navigable stream most of the year. A large portion of the county is still well timbered with oak, hickory, walnut, gum, persimmon and several other varieties of valuable wood, such as cypress, cottonwood, etc. Considerable oak, ash, hickory and persimmon are exported from the county to Scotland every year. Oak barrel staves and railroad ties are made in large quantities in this county.

Chicot County is amply provided with transportation facilities. 'The Iron Mountain Railway runs the full length of the county from north to south, with the Warren branch running east and west across the northern end, from the Mississippi River to Warren, Ark. The Mississippi River, Hamburg & Western Railroad, running from the Mississippi River to Hamburg, Ark., crosses the southern end of the county.

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Lake Village on Lake Chicot, six miles from the Mississippi River and-on: the Mississippi River, Hamburg & Western Railroad, is the county seat. It is beautifully located, and is fast becoming a great pleasure resort for boating, fishing, and hunting. There are fine springs near Lake Village, claimed to contain considerable medicinal qualities, and are visited by many every year. Lake Village is well supplied with good schools, churches and hotels. Dermott is the principal town in the county. It is situated on the Iron Mountain Railway at the Warren branch crossing, seventeen miles from the Mississippi River, and 1s quite a distributing point for southern and eastern Arkansas, and northern Louisiana. Dermott has three cotton gins, two sawmills, one stave mill, one broom factory and the best hotel in southeastern Arkansas.

This county is especially adapted to truck farming. According to the census of 1900 there were 1,946 farms in Chicot County, representing an area of 155,644 acres,

valued at $2,774,930, including buildings. ,

Stock raising could be made one of the most profitable industries of this county. Switch cane grows in inexhaustible quantities in the bottoms, the water is abundant, and the climate mild, and no such thing as epidemic among cattle has ever been known to visit this section of the State. Horses and mules do well and are in great demand in this county.

This county ranks first in the State in the yield per acre of cotton, and is second best in the entire list of counties of the cotton producing states. There is a considerable quantity of tame grasses grown in this county, those varieties thriving best are: red clover, and timothy.

All kinds of vegetables do well here. Potatoes, tomatoes, peas, beans, cabbage, melons, etc., can be marketed so early that they bring the highest market price, and make this county particularly profitable for the growing of these and all other kinds of vegetables suited to this climate. The land is very fertile, warm and easily cultivated. The Iron Mountain Railway offers every facility necessary for the truck farmer to market his crop. The great advantages offered along this line should certainly induce a rapid development of the industry in the near future. oan

Clark County.

Clark County, one of the leading counties of the southwestern portion of the State, is situated in the Ouachita

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valley and on the line of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway. Its area is 900 square miles and has a population of 21, 289.

There are no mountains in the county, but about threefourths of the surface is hilly, the remaining one-fourth level. The alluvial land comprises about one-tenth of the entire area.

The United States still owns 9,117 acres which are subject to homestead entry, and the State owns a few thousand acres subject to purchase and donation.

The crops generally grown are: corn, cotton, oats, wheat, rye, peas, potatoes (Irish and sweet), millet, sorghum and clover.

According to the census of 1900, there were 2,670 farms in the county, representing an area of 274,765 acres, valued at $1,417,050, including buildings.

'Timothy, red top, clover, millet, Hungarian grass, Milo. maize, and alfalfa, all succeed well; timothy, clover and millet, producing to the acre, 3,000 pounds, and red top: 2,000 pounds.

All varieties of peaches, wild goose plums and Le Conte pears succeed, and of apples, the Shannon, Red June, Harvest and some others do well. The varieties of grapes cultivated include the Champion, Ives Seedling, Elvira, Concord, Perkins, Brighton, Salem, Delaware, and Norton's Virginia. The Champion, Ives Seedling, Elvira, Perkins and Brighton succeed best. Four-year-old vines will yield 4,000 to 5,000 pounds of grapes per acre.

Considerable attention has been given to stock raising in recent years, the county being well adapted to it. Fine hogs, cattle and sheep have been imported, also Jersey and Durham cattle have been introduced to some extent, and are found to do well.

The valuable timber growing in this county consists. of pine, oak, ash, hickory, red and sweet gum and holly. Two-thirds of the area of the county produces fine timber. The white oak grows in nearly all parts of the county. There is very little cypress. Ash, hickory, red gum and holly grow on all the bottom lands.

The facilities for marketing the lumber are good. The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway runs. through the county from northeast to southwest, and at Gurdon a branch leads to Camden, in the adjoining county

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of Ouachita. 'The Ouachita, Caddo, Terrenoir and Little Missouri rivers traverse the county; the Ouachita 1s navigable.

Coal, gypsum and kaolin are found in the county, but have not been developed to any considerable extent. There are also good indications of iron and lead.

The educational facilities of Clark County are above the average. There are 117 public free schools in the county, which are kept open from four to ten months in the year. Besides these there are the high schools and colleges at Arkadelphia, Gurdon and Amity. There are, according to the school census of 1904, 8,192 children of school age in the county; 5,286 white and 2,906 colored. 'There are eighty-one school houses in the county, valued at $26,975, and the sum of $25,572 was expended in 1904 for the benefit of the public schools of this county.

There are more than 125 churches in the county, representing the Methodist, Baptist, Christian and Presbyterian denominations.

The principal towns of the county are: Arkadelphia,

population 2,739; Gurdon, population 1,045; Amity, population about 300; Okolona, population 500. . Arkadelphia, the county seat and principal town of Clark County, is pleasantly situated on a high plateau at the head of navigation of the Ouachita River. It is provided with ample railroad facilities. Located here are the Arkadelphia Methodist College, the Ouachita Baptist College, and the Arkadelphia Academy, all of which have large modern buildings, able and eminent instructors, and rank first among the educational institutions of the Southwest. The town is noted for its educational and church facilities and for the enterprise and culture of its citizens.

Besides its colleges, Arkadelphia has two banks, electric lights, waterworks, a cotton mill, saw, shingle and planing mills, three weekly and monthly newspapers, telephone system, and many other small enterprises.

Clayscounty:

This county is situated in the extreme northeast corner of the State, and is bounded on the north and east by the State of Missouri, on the south by Greene and on the west by Randolph Counties, Ark. It has an area of about 375,000 acres and a population of 15,886.

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The face of the county is generally alluvial, being intersected centrally and divided by Crowley's Ridge, thus separating the waters of the Cache and St. Francis rivers.

According to the census of 1900, there were 1,985 farms in Clay County, representing an area of 157,209 acres, valued at $1,503,170, including buildings. The Government owns about 389 acres of land yet open to homestead entry, and a few thousand acres still belong to the State, which are subject to purchase or donation by settlers.

Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, and most all the vegetables are grown in this county, and in accordance with the nature of the soil produce abundantly.

Fruit culture is engaging considerable attention now, and all along Crowley's Ridge apples, pears, peaches, plums, and all varieties of small fruits are beginning to be grown on quite an extended scale. The future of Clay County is indeed bright along the line of this industry.

The bottoms and alluvial uplands of Clay County are stocked with the best of timber. All kinds of oak, hickory, ash, and elm cover large tracts, and the bottoms of the St. Francis and Cache rivers abound in fine cypress, while Crowley's Ridge is covered with a luxuriant growth of yellow poplar.

The shipping facilities of this county are almost all that could be desired. We have the navigable waters of the St. Francis River, also the main line of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway crossing the western part of the county, with the Helena branch intersecting at Knobel; also the main line of the St. Louis Southwestern crossing the eastern part of the county.

The educational and. religious advantages of Clay County are of the best. There are 7,298 children of school age in the county; 7,297 white and one colored. There are seventy-six school houses, valued at $35,095, and the sum of $31,482 was expended in 1904 for the benefit of the public free schools of this county. The schools are open from four to nine months each year.

Most all the Protestant denominations are represented in this county, and good church houses may be found in every community.

We have a number of enterprising little towns in the county. Among the principal ones are: Corning, the county seat of the western district of the county; Piggott, the county seat of the eastern district; also Knobel, at the

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junction of the Helena branch and the main line of the Iron Mountain Railway; Boydsville, Rector, and several other smaller places.

Corning has a population of nearly 1,000; three churches, graded schools, stave and heading factory, cooperage works, sawmills, one bank, and two weekly newspapers.

Piggott has a population of about 3800. It contains steam saw, planing and grist mills, two cotton gins, a bank, and one weekly newspaper; also good schools and churches. It is one of the most thriving little business towns in the State.

Cleburne, County.

This county was created out of portions of Van Buren, Independence and White counties, in 1883. Cleburne is an interior county in the northern half of the State; it contains 604 square miles and its population is 9,628. 'The county is broken, with only about one-eighth of alluvial formation.

Corn, cotton, oats, wheat, and the different varieties of grasses are the staple products. The bottoms, principally, are used for cotton, producing an average of about 1,200 pounds of seed cotton to the acre.

The cultivated grasses succeed well in this county, and as it is well watered by springs and numerous fine streams running nearly the year round, the county is well adapted to stock raising, and considerable attention has already been given to this industry in some parts of the county.

According to the census of 1900, there were 1,600 farms in this county, representing an area of 183,881 acres, valued at $792,910, including buildings.

Lead, coal, silver, and iron ore are found, but no developments of any note have been made so far. All the prominent hardwoods abound throughout and are wery fine in the bottoms. 'There is an abundance of walnut, oak and hickory in this county, and it is only a lack of railroad facilities that our timbers are yet entirely undeveloped.

The woods afford a fine range for stock of all kinds, and are rich in mast and pasturage.

The Sugar Loaf Springs have a reputation for healing qualities. Some nine springs rise within a small compass, each of their qualities differing from the others, including black and white surphur, chalybeate and freestone. 'These springs are said to be a panacea for many ills, and are especially recommended for chronic malarial diseases.

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The educational and religious advantages of this county are excellent. 'There are 3,347 children of school age in the county; 8,347 white and no colored. 'There are fifty-nine school buildings valued at $8,584, and the sum of $8,399 was expended for the benefit of the public free schools of the county in 1904. The schools in the several districts are open from three to nine months in the year. Churches of the different Protestant denominations may be found in every community in the county. In addition to the sixtythree public schools of this county, there is the Heber High School and the Quitman College which furnish excellent advantages for those seeking instructions in the higher branches.

The principal towns of the county are: Heber, Quitman, Tyler, Shiloh, and Waco.

Heber, the county seat of the county, is located near the center of the county. It contains several churches, graded schools, steam saw, shingle and grist mills, and cotton gins, and one weekly newspaper. 'The present population is about 1,200.

The little town of Heber is fast becoming one of the most popular summer health resorts in the State, and many people from the different towns of the State go there for their summer rest. Being situated in the mountains the air is pure and the water unsurpassed. It is not unlikely that within the next few years, when railroad facilities are obtained, Heber will become one of the most popular health resorts of the South.

Cleveland County.

Cleveland County, near the center of that portion of the State lying south of the Arkansas River, is upon the line of the St. Louis Southwestern Railway, which intersects and pretty nearly divides it. The Saline River, which is navigable in the winter season for small steamboats, flows through the county from northwest to southeast. Its area is about 500 square miles. The population is 11,620, the proportion of white to colored people being two to one. The surface is generally hilly, perhaps one-third being made up of level flats and overflowed river land. It contains neither mountains nor prairies,

According to the census of 1900, there were 1,459 farms in this county, representing an area of 205,425 acres, valued at $734,420, including buildings. There are at

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present 1,872 acres of Government land subject to homestead entry, and a few thousand acres of State lands subject to purchase or donation.

Some attention is being paid to the cultivation of grasses. Apples, peaches, plums, and various berries grow abundantly ; peaches and plums succeed best. The soil and climate of this county, in common with those of this entire region of the State, are peculiarly adapted to the growth of grapes, which grow wild in luxuriance and variety, while the Scuppernong, Concord, Ives Seedling and other species are cultivated with entire success. Little attention has yet been paid to stock raising. Some important breeds, however, have of late been introduced, and the experiment bids fair to rapidly develop this industry.

The county is well watered. Springs are numerous, and running water abundant. The water used for domestic purposes, which is soft, is derived chiefly from wells. Several mineral springs exist in different parts of the county, but their qualities have not been adequately tested.

The soil of the bottoms is of a dark loam, that of the uplands either dark or red, or sandy.

Three-fourths of the forest land produces pine and oak timber. Hickory, walnut and gum, also, are found. In the bottoms white oak and cypress abound. The St. Louis Southwestern Railway and the Saline River afford easy access to the markets.

The educational and religious advantages of Cleveland County rank up to the average of any county in the State. There are 4,343 children of school age in the county, 2,955 white and 1,388 colored. The sum of $14,120 was expended in 1904 for the benefit of the public free schools of thiscounty. There are ninety-eight public schools in the county which are taught from three to eight months in the year.

Every neighborhood in the county has a good church of some of the Protestant denominations.

The principal towns of the county are: Rison, population about 800; Kingsland, population about 500, both railroad towns.

Rison, the county seat, is a new and prosperous little town on the main line of the "Cotton Belt Route." It has good graded schools, three churches, two newspapers, and a number of business enterprises.

Columbia County.

Columbia County belongs to the extreme southern tier of counties. It contains an area of 900 square miles, and supports a population of about 22,000 people, three-fourths of whom are white.

Its surface is almost uniformly level, seldom rising into hills; but where the surface is thus broken, the rolling slopes and fine timber render it a peculiarly beautiful country. Two-thirds or more of the soil is alluvial.

According to the census of 1900, there were 3,074 farms in this county, representing an area of 360,774 acres, valued at $1,518,210, including buildings. There are yet 771 acres of Government lands subject to homestead entry, and several thousand acres of State lands subject to donation and purchase.

Corn, cotton, oats, peas, potatoes, etc., are the general crops, all yielding well. Some of the fruits that thrive best are, peaches, apples, plums and almost all kinds of berries. Grapes are beginning to be raised to quite an extent, and it is found that the Concord and Scuppernong do well in this locality.

This county is well adapted to stock raising, and considerable attention is beginning to be directed toward this industry. Most all the cultivated grasses do well and water is in abundance.

Nearly all the uncleared portions of the county abound in pine and white oak; and it contains several thousand acres of creek bottom lands densely covered with cypress. The county has ample railroad facilities for marketing her valuable woods and other products.

The educational and religious advantages of this county are unsurpassed anywhere in the State.

There are 8,011 children of school age in this aunt 4,268 white and 3,743 colored. There are fifty school houses in the county, valued at $19,832, in which public free schools are taught from three to nine months in the year. The total amount invested in school property is $23,765, and the sum of $23,347 was expended in 1904 for the support of the public schools.

Besides the free schools there are a number of high schools at the different towns, where excellent opportunities are offered those seeking instructions in the higher branches.

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Almost every religious denomination in the State is represented in this county, the leading denominations being Baptist, Methodist and Presbyterian. 'There is a church in every community, making the society of the county that of the best.

Magnolia is the county seat and principal town, and has a population of about 2,000. It is located on the Magnolia branch of the St. Louis Southwestern Railway. It has several churches, graded schools, banks, newspapers, express and telegraph offices, and a large number of business houses. Magnolia is one of the largest shipping points in this part of the State for cotton and lumber.

Waldo, McNeil, Buckner and Macedonia are the other principal towns of the county, all being prosperous little business towns.

Conway County.

Conway County is centrally located within the Arkansas River valley, and along the line of the Little Rock and Ft. Smith Railroad, giving it an admirable location for accessibility to the market. This county has an area of 540 square miles and a population of 19,772 (census, 1900). There are 3,009 farms in the county, representing an area of 202,131 acres, valued at $1,812,900, including buildings.

The county is well watered by tributaries to the Arkansas River; the northern part is hilly and broken, the summits of the hills being formed from the sandstones of the millstone grit formation, are underlaid by flagstones and shale. The hills diminish towards the Arkansas River, seldom exceeding 300 feet, and are composed chiefly of thin-bedded sandstones, underlaid by reddish siliceous and dark agillaceous shale. In the northeast, veins of quartz, talc, etc., traverse the shale from northeast to southwest.

The lowlands comprise the creek bottoms and the lands. along the Arkansas River and are alluvial in character; the river lands have soils differing from the sandy to very stiff silts, their productiveness being equal; their depth is unknown, wells having been sunk to the depth of sixty feet without reaching the limit; the average width of these lands is from four to five miles.

These bottoms are the chief cotton lands in the county, embracing about one-tenth of its area.

The natural growth is oaks, cottonwood, ash, sweet gum, pecan, walnut and cane.

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The soil is a light sandy, "buckshot" alluvium, underlaid by sand, gravel or rock, is easily cultivated, warm and naturally well drained. The creek bottoms are very fertile and some of the most beautiful farms are found on them. The uplands are extensive and wooded, and furnish good soils for all the cereals, cotton and tobacco. 'These lands are generally occupied by farmers who own them and who in the aggregate produce most of the crops of the county.

The soil of the uplands is varied in character; light, fine, silty loams, yellow, gray soils, heavy clay loam and some prairie are found of a depth of usually two and one-half feet. The subsoil is heavier than the soil, blackens on exposure and is readily changed to soil.

Cotton, corn, wheat and the cultivated grasses are grown in this county with good average yield. The tame grasses are particularly adapted to this section of the State, and good water is to be found in abundance in all parts of the county, and stock raising is fast becoming a leading industry. Both large and small fruits are successful in all parts of the county. Coal and iron have been found in some parts of the county but as yet are undeveloped.

The educational and religious advantages of this county are the best. There are 8,305 children of school age, 5,189 white and 3,119 colored. 'There are eighty-nine school houses, valued at $33,265, in which free public schools are taught from four to nine months in the year. 'The total amount invested in school property is $38,407, and the sum of $23,806 was expended in 1904 for the support of the public schools of the county. Besides the public schools there are a number of high schools in the different towns of the county.

The several different religious denominations have prosperous churches in every section of the county.

In several localities much attention has been given te grape culture for the manufacture of wine, and along with the Ives Seedling, which seems to succeed best, the Delaware, Concord, Catawba, and Norton's Virginia have each shown good results. The average yield of wine per acre is about 400 or 500 gallons.

The principal towns are: Morrilton, the county seat, with a population of 1,707; Plummerville, population 300; Germantown, Blackville, Lewisburg, Cleveland, and several other smaller towns.

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The town of Morrilton was settled in 1860, but not incorporated till several years later. It now has a population of more than 1,700, six churches, fine system of graded schools, an opera house, two banks, two weekly newspapers, electric lights and telephone exchange. A large amount of cotton, live stock, and produce are shipped from this point every year.

Craighead County.

Craighead County is situated in the northeastern part of the State, and is peculiarly favored by railroad facilities and access to the markets. 'The Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis Railway, the St. Louis Southwestern and the Knobel branch of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railways converge within its limits; while the navigable waters of the St. Francis River flow across the county from north to south.

The area of this county is 720 square miles; its population, 19,505 (census, 1900). Nuine-tenths of the surface is level. About one-eighth of this level portion is of alluvial character, while another eighth is prairie. 'The uplands, known as Crowley's Ridge, have a width of ten miles, with the usual hardwoods and occasionally some pine. This part of the surface is undulating, sometimes broken, and is well watered by small streams. —

The staple crops are those of corn, cotton, sorghum, oats, rye, wheat, tobacco, potatoes, and the cultivated grasses, all of which do well. The principal grasses grown are: timothy, red top, Hungarian and German millet, yielding on an average of 2,000 pounds per acre; clover yields about 2,500 pounds, while millet will yield 3,000 pounds.

Of the fruits grown here, the principal ones are: peaches, apples and pears, and many varieties of the small fruits have proved successful in this county. All kinds of eangen vegetables do excellent here.

According to the census of 1900 there were 2,118 farms in Craighead County, representing 175,767 acres, valued at $2,012,360, including buildings.

Though little attention has been paid to stock up to the present time, still it has been demonstrated that this county is well adapted to stock raising, especially cattle and hogs. There are fine ranges in the forest of grass and acorns, and stock will live throughout the year without feed.

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We have an abundant supply of timber here. There are more than forty different varieties of timber in Craig- — head County. There is some pine. Great forests of cypress are found, also large quantities of white oak and poplar. The three railroads traversing the full extent of the county give ample access to every market.

The religious and educational facilities of this county are on an average with any locality in the South, and far above most of them.

The religious and educational advantages of this county are on an equal with that of any county in the State. There are 8,589 children of school age in the county, 8,132 white and 457 colored. There are fifty-six school houses in the county, valued at $39,530, in which public free schools are taught from three to nine months in the year. The total amount invested in school property in this county is $47,140, and the sum of $32,308 is expended annually for the support of the public schools of the county.

All the Protestant denominations are represented in different parts of the county, with good church houses in every community.

Jonesboro, the county seat and principal town, is located at the crossing of the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis, and the St. Louis Southwestern Railways. It has a population of about 5,000, having nearly doubled its population within the past decade. It now has six churches, graded public schools, and high schools, banks, wagon, stave, and ice factories, also planing and grist mills. It is a large shipping point for staves, headings, and all kinds of hardwood timbers.

Crawford County.

Crawford County is the third county south of the Missouri line and bordering on the Indian Territory. Its approximate area is 400,000 acres of land, divided as follows: Mountain, 100,000 acres; table land, 100,000; upland, 100,000; foot hills, 50,000; creek valley, 10,000; creek bottom, 10,000; river bottom, 30,000.

The Boston Mountains constitute the northern boundary line, occupying about one-fourth the area of the county. These are covered with a magnificent and inexhaustible growth of tannin oak, red oak, post oak, white oak and hickory. Of the white and post oak, thousands of railroad ties are annually made and shipped to the prairies of the

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Northwest. 'These forests also supply vast quantities of piling for culverts, bridge timbers, car timbers, and posts for the wire fences of the West. 'There is no finer timber in the world for car timbers,. wagon spokes, hubs, fellies, wheelbarrows, etc., than this that covers the entire north part of the county.

These mountains gradually sink into a magnificent plateau, or table land, that stretches entirely across the county

Elberta Peaches, Crawford County, Arkansas.

and constitutes its most prosperous portion. Both upon the mountains and these table lands there are numerous springs, and soft water can be obtained at an easy depth.

The Arkansas River is the only navigable stream, but of clear water creeks that flow continuously the year round,

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Big and Little Mulberry flow diagonally across the northeastern portion, Big Clear Creek and Little Clear Creek through to center from north to south, with Cedar Creek, Cove Creek and Lees Creek enriching and watering the western and northwestern parts of the county. These streams all have a large fall, and furnish an inexhaustible force for propelling manufactories. There is a natural dam upon Lees Creek, on the line of the Baxter Spring Railroad, that stretches across Lees Creek, having a waterfall fifty yards wide and ten feet high, which could furnish force for a city of factories. ;

The St. Louis & San Francisco Railway, running from St. Louis, Mo., to Paris, Tex., crosses the county from north to south, having thirty-two miles of road within its boundaries; the Little Rock & Fort Smith Railway runs east and west for a distance of eighteen miles, both crossing the Arkansas River at Van Buren, and connecting at this city with the Kansas & Arkansas Valley Railway.

According to the census of 1900, there were 3,059 farms in Crawford County, representing an area of 225,345 acres, valued at $2,065,380, including buildings.

Crawford County is probably the best all-round fruit county of the State. Apples of every variety—Shannon, Limbertwig, Kentucky Red, or Ben Davis, and other varieties—are grown all over the table lands and mountains of our county. Thousands of dollars worth are sold to fruit buyers every year, who buy the orchards of apples as they stand and gather and ship the fruit; as many are sold to local evaporators, an industry that has assumed immense proportions in this part of Arkansas.

Peaches of many varieties are grown here. Many crates are shipped to market and many bushels are put up at the canning factories each year. Plums, pears, cherries, etc., grow well here and are being grown more and more each year. Strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries are also grown very extensively. There are some of the largest berry farms in the vicinity of Van Buren that are-to be tound anywhere in the State.

The educational and religious facilities of this county are second to none in the State. There are schools and churches in every vicinity in the county, and a number of good graded schools in the towns. There are 9,118 children of school age in the county, 8,310 white and 808 colored. There are ninety-two school houses, valued at $37,513, in which free public schools are taught from four to ten months

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in the year. The total amount invested in school property in this county is $43,166, and the sum of $21,310 was expended for the benefit of the public schools in 1904.

The population of Crawford County is 21,270. It has several enterprising towns. Among them are: Van Buren, the county seat and principal town. It is situated at the junction of the Little Rock & Fort Smith and the Frisco Railways, on the Arkansas River. It has a population of 2,573. It is supplied with Catholic, Baptist, Methodist, Episcopal and Presbyterian churches, good schools, opera house, ice factory, cotton gins, foundry and machine shops, lumber and flouring mills, and canning factory; one daily and four weekly newspapers.

Among the other smaller towns are: Alma, Dyer and Mulberry.

Crittenden County.

This county was formed in the year 1825, and formed out of territory taken from Phillips County. It lies along the Mississippi River, opposite the city of Memphis. Its population is 14,529. The surface of the county is level, and entirely included in the alluvial regions of what is known as the great St. Francis Basin; is heavily timbered with large oak, both white and red, sweet gum, in large quantities, ash, hickory, cypress, cottonwood, elm, sycamore, etc. The undergrowth is heavy and consists of bushes and cane.

There are many bayous and beautiful lakes interspersed throughout this county, which supply all species of fish for sportsmen. The land is divided into two classes: Black sandy soil three to four feet deep, with light sand and clay subsoil. One-third of the county is of this class of land. The other two-thirds of the area is what is known as black "buckshot" Jand, which is from six to seven feet deep, with a white, coarse subsoil. It is difficult to cultivate during wet seasons, but dry seasons it is no trouble at all, never failing on account of drought. It is the most productive land in the United States. All the lands in the county are especially adapted to the growth of cotton, corn and Irish potatoes, and all varieties of vegetables. It is one of the best agricultural counties in the State, the entire area being fertile. The land of this county was subject to annual overflow from the Mississippi River prior to the building, along the front of the Mississippi River, of what is known as the St. Francis Levee. 'Two-thirds of this levee has been completed, and

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the other third is under rapid construction. 'There are three railroads of the first class running through this county: Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis, Memphis branch of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern, and the ''Rock Island System," Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad.

There are, according to the census of 1900, 2,008 farms in Crittenden County, which represent an area of 119,373 acres, valued at $2,970,780, including buildings. There are 76,885 acres in cultivation, on which is grown: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, all varieties of the tame grasses, farm and garden vegetables of all varieties, fruits, such as apples, peaches, pears, plums, and berries of nearly every variety, especially grapes.

The educational advantages offered in Crittenden County are on a par with most any other county of the State. There are 5,150 children of school age in this county, 561 white and 4,589 colored. There are fifty-five school houses, representing a value of $19,300, in which public free school is taught from three to six months in the year. There are also some high schools at the different towns of the county. There is $28,975 invested in school property, and the sum of $21,860 was expended in 1904 for the support and maintenance of these public schools.

Marion is the county seat, situated on Lake Grande, on the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis Railway. Population, about 200. There are many new towns, the principal ones being Crawfordsville, Earle and Vincent, on the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway; Gillmore and Jericho, on the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis Railway, and Edmondson, on the "Rock Island System' Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad, besides many small towns along the Mississippi front.

There are forty large sawmills cutting the timber from the land in this county. After it is removed the lands are eagerly sought for agricultural purposes.

Cross County.

Cross County traces its beginning to an act of the General Assembly of November, 1862, entitled "An Act to Establish the County of Cross,'"' being formed from a part of St. Francis, Poinsett and Crittenden Counties.

The county has an area of 600 square miles. The center of the county is traversed with a chain of hills from north to south, and from three to eight miles in width, with

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an elevation of from sixty to one hundred feet above the surrounding country, and known as Crowley's Ridge. The lands on this ridge are rich and productive where they are not too much broken, and are especially adapted to all kinds of fruits and berries. Just east of this ridge is a vast level valley of 1,500,000 acres of the finest land on the globe, and which is known as the great St. Francis Basin. This wonderfully productive valley is drained by the St. Francis River and its tributaries, which are fed all summer by neverfailing springs. 'This river runs parallel with Crowley's Ridge. The lands are timbered with large white and red oak, sweet gum, hickory, ash, elm, sycamore, cottonwood, hackberry, mulberry, etc., with a dense undergrowth of cane, wild pea vines and native grasses.

There are 1,528 farms in this county, according to the census of 1900, which represent an area of 113,123 acres, - valued at $909,950, including buildings. Forty-nine thousand, five hundred eighty-four acres of the land of the county is improved, the principal crops raised being: cotton, corn, oats, wheat, most all varieties of cultivated grasses, all kinds of farm and garden vegetables, most all varieties of fruits, and especially the small fruits succeed well in this part of the State.

Cattle, hogs, horses and mules are raised in this section without care or food, except that which nature provides.

On the west side of Crowley's Ridge is an elevated plateau extending throughout the county, and drained by the L'Anguille River and its tributaries. 'These lands are fertile and productive. They are better adapted to the growth of cereals and grasses than they are to the growth of cotton.

There are twelve towns in the county of Cross; Vanndale, the county seat; Wynne being the principal market, and a town of 1,631 inhabitants, according to the census of 1900. It is situated at the western base of Crowley's Ridge, near the center of the county, and is a live and enterprising town. There is one sawmill, one stave factory, one spoke factory, one bank, electric light plant, waterworks, telephone system—both local and long distance.

There are three railroads traversing this county; the St. Louis Southwestern Railway, running from north to south through the western portion of the county; the Helena branch of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway, .. running from north to south through the center of the county, and the Memphis branch of the St. Louis, Iron

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Mountain & Southern Railway, running from east to west through the center of the county.

There are many sawmills in the county taking the timber from the lands, and the land is being eagerly sought after the timber is cut for agricultural purposes.

The educational and religious advantages of Cross County are good. 'There are churches of most all the denominations in this county, having good buildings, and represented by good congregations.

There are 4,588 children of school age in the county, 2,728 white, and 1,860 colored. There are fifty school houses valued at $13,761, in which free public schools are taught from three to six months in the year. 'The total amount invested in school property is $17,351, and the sum of $13,268 was expended during the year 1904 for the benefit of these public free schools.

Dallas County.

This is one of the healthiest and most temperate counties of the State, and is situated in the Ouachita River valley, which stream forms its southeastern boundary.

Dallas County embraces about 650 square miles of land, consisting of a great variety of soils.

The face of the county presents a much broken appearance, a ridge of hills running through the county a little north of the center and in a southeasterly direction, dividing the waters of the Ouachita from those of the Saline River.

One-third of the entire area is hilly, one-third uplands, and along the water courses we find another third to consist of level alluvial bottoms.

As the surface, so is the soil different in character. On the hills there is much sand and yellow clay; the soil of the uplands is a sandy alluvial, a red sandy clay, and sometimes a whitish clay, but the fertility of these lands is, in the main, good. Along the Ouachita and Saline rivers, and running parallel with the tributaries in the county, there is a belt of rich alluvial soil composed of a black sandy and sometimes a "buckshot" loam, the production and fertility of which is surprising, and is evidenced by a rank and luxuriant vegetation, and a yield of from 1,600 to 1,800 pounds of seed cotton to the acre, and as much as eighty bushels of corn.

Cotton and corn are, of course, the principal crops grown, though the soil, climate and conditions have proven

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that all crops which may be grown between the tropics and the northern limits of the United States can be cultivated in this county successfully.

This county, in fact, is pre-eminently fitted for a stock raising county, and a vast number of fat bucks and game of all kinds that abound and draw visiting sportsmen from even the most remote states of this country, prove that rich and luxuriant pasture for all the graminiferous species is found to their satisfaction. 'There is beginning to be considerable attention paid to stock raising. Improved breeds of cattle, horses and mules have been imported, and, as the successful result, mules, horses and grade cattle, large and fine in appearance and quality, can be shown in nearly every section. The advantages in cheap and good grazing lands, in well watered locations, in shelter, in feeding grounds, and in good markets within easy driving distance, are as good as that of any other county in the State.

The timber growth of the county is enormous. The hills and uplands are covered with large and tall pines, some as much as thirteen feet in girth, and the bottoms have an abundance of all varieties of southern oak, hickory, beech, walnut, gum, pecan, all of which attain enormous size. In the uplands and hills the county offers a fine opportunity for fruit culture, as all varieties may be grown here. Peaches and apples do best, and grapes grow in a wild state almost equal in quality to the cultivated kinds, of which the Scuppernong and Concord have preference here.

According to the census of 1900, there were 1,367 farms in this county, representing an area of 187,093 acres, valued at $739,460, including buildings. 'There are about eighty-four acres of Government lands yet subject to homestead entry in this county, and several thousand acres of State lands are subject to donation and purchase.

The facilities for shipment of its resources have been, and are still, very meager. Lumber may be rafted down the Ouachita and Saline rivers at certain favorable stages of the water, the Ouachita River being the southwestern and the Saline River being the northeastern boundaries of the county. Besides these streams, which are sometimes navigable, other constantly running waters, the Bayou Moro, on the eastern boundary, Low Freight Creek, on the northwestern corner, Cypress Creek, Bayou Tulip, Bayou Friar, and their numerous branches, water nearly every section. Water for domestic purposes is obtained from wells and springs, and is mostly soft and clear.

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Our only railroad facilities so far are the Cotton Belt, crossing the extreme southeastern corner, and a branch of the Iron Mountain from Arkadelphia, Clark County, to Washita, Dallas County.

The educational and religious facilities of the county are good. There are 3,889 children of school age in this county, 2,350 white and 1,589 colored. There are fifty school houses valued at $7,530, in which school is taught from three to eight months in the year. There is $9,104 invested in school property in Dallas County, and the sum of $13,025 was expended during the year 1904 for the benefit of the free public schools.

Fordyce, the largest town in Dallas County, is situated in the southeastern part of the county, twenty-two miles west of Princeton, the county seat. It has eight churches, © good graded schools, several factories, including stave factory, a bank, two weekly newspapers and a large number of good business firms. Population, 1900, 1,510.

Other towns of the county are: Princeton, the county seat; Holly Springs, Kingsland, and several other smaller places.

Desha "County.

Desha County is situated on the extreme eastern boundary of the State, along the Mississippi River, which forms its entire eastern boundary. It embraces an area of 550,000 acres of level land, with here and there a few mounds, three-fourths of which is alluvial and one-fourth second bottom soil of a loamy character.

According to the census of 1900, there were 1,918 farms, representing an area of 122,301 acres, valued at $1,496,790, including buildings.

Cotton and corn are the staple crops; but sweet and Irish potatoes, oats, millet and sorghum are cultivated with great success, and form an important adjunct of nearly every farm.

Apples, peaches, pears, apricots and figs yield good returns, and the woods are full of the native grapes. This county is admirably adapted to stock raising, and within the past few years considerable attention has been given to the introduction of improved breeds. The Durham and Alderney breed of cattle seem to do best. 'Thoroughbred hogs have been introduced and do nicely.

*There is no pine in this county, but several large cypress brakes and an abundance of white, black, red, cow, water,

overcup and post oaks, and also sweet, red and black gum, fill the forest and occupy a large area of the county. The Arkansas, White and Mississippi rivers and the railroads furnish ample means of transportation.

The Valley Route of the Iron Mountain Railway, running from Little Rock to Arkansas City, and the branch of this road from Arkansas City to Monticello and Warren, cross Desha County ina westerly direction, and the above mentioned rivers, and, in addition, the Bayou Bartholomew and Cypress Creek, are all navigable, thereby affording the entire county the very best transportation facilities.

The population of Desha County (census of 1900) was 11,511, of which a large per cent are negroes.

There are 3,920 children of school age in the county, 644 white, and 3,276 colored. 'There are twenty-three school houses valued at $5,185, in which public free schools are taught from three to eight months in the year. 'The total amount invested in school property in this county is $7,620, and the sum of $14,709 was expended in the year 1904 for the benefit of the free public schools. There are good church houses in every community in the county, represented mostly by Methodists and Baptists, though several other denominations have good churches in the county.

Arkansas City, one of the judicial seats of Desha County, is situated on the Mississippi River, and on the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway, which connects by ferry with the Georgia Pacific, and the Louisville, New Orleans & Texas Railway on the east bank of the Mississippi. It has five churches, two schools, one bank, saw and planing mills, cotton eins, three hotels, and two weekly newspapers. 'The principal exports are cotton, lumber and live stock. Population, 1,091.

Dumas, one of the county seats of Desha County, is located on the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway. Has good schools, churches and quite a diversity of mercantile interests. Its population is about 500.

Drew County,

Drew County is in the southeastern part of the State, within twelve miles of the Mississippi River. It has an area of about 800 square miles, and a population of 19,451.

The surface of the eastern and western parts of Drew County is generally level, while through the center, from

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north to south, the country is rolling, and the dividing ridge between the waters of Saline River and Bayou Bartholomew is said to be very prominent. Around Monticello the soil is gravelly, with a subsoil of red or yellow clay and a timber growth of red and other oaks and short leaf pine. The ridges in the vicinity of Lacey, on the south, are about sixtyfive feet above the bottoms, and are composed of red and yellow clay and gravel. In the western part of the county the highest land is about 140 feet above the bed of Saline River, the soil of which is a sandy loam, more or less gravelly, with a yellow siliceous clay subsoil.

The principal crops raised in this country are: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, tobacco. Most all fruits, such as apples, pears, peaches, apricots, and most all the small fruits.

In 1900 there were 3,083 farms in Drew County, representing an area of 323,909 acres, valued at $1,924,870, including buildings.

There are a number of small prairies in this county, Long Prairie, ten or twelve miles south of Monticello, being partly in cultivation. The bottoms of Bayou Bartholomew are from three to six miles wide, and consist of a front-land along the stream with a fine silty or sand loam soil, and backland of a stiffer character and a heavy, impervious subsoil. Cypress brakes occur throughout the bottoms, which have a deep black mucky soil, said to be well adapted to cotton and very durable.

Fifty square miles of the county are covered with fine pine forests, and white oak is found anywhere in the county, and is of excellent quality. Along the bottoms of the Bayou Bartholomew, in the eastern part of the county, and the bottoms of the Saline River, in the western part, large and extensive cypress brakes abound. The facilities for getting out and shipping these timber resources are generally good. The Little Rock, Mississippi River & Texas Railway crosses the center of the county from west to east, striking the Mississippi River at Arkanas City, and the Saline and Bartholomew furnish good transportation facilities.

Cattle, hogs and horses compose chiefly the stock-raising industry of the county. Most all the lands of this county offer great advantages along this line. The winters in this section are not severe enough to demand housing, and all the lands are well adapted to the cultivated grasses.

There are 8,126. children of school age in this county, 3,846 white and 4,280 colored. There are eighty-three

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school houses, valued at $19,861, in which-public free schools are taught from three to nine months in the year. The total amount invested in school property in this county is $25,476, and the sum of $24,314 was expended for the maintenance of the public schools in 1904. There are two high schools in the county, towit: the Drew Normal Institute at Wilmar, and the Hinemon University at Monticello.

There are churches of all Protestant denomination dotted over every part of the county, making the society of the county as good as that of any county in the State.

Monticello, the county seat, is the principal town of the county. It has a population of 1,579, a cotton seed oil mill, a cotton gin, a cotton compress, a bank with $75,000 capital, graded common schools, a high school, a Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, Associate Reform and an Episcopal church; also a $100,000 cotton mill.

The town is watered with pure, soft artesian water, distributed by a first-class system of waterworks, and lighted by electricity. It is located among the hills, high, dry and healthy, and has the best streets of any town in the State—made of nature's gravel.

Drew County is blessed with a rich soil, a healthy altitude and mild climate. There may be made here ideal southern homes, where life may be as pleasantly spent as anywhere on earth.

Faulkner County.

Faulkner County is one of the central counties of the State. It contains 676 square miles of land, and has a population of 20,780. It is pre-eminently an agricultural county, though lead, copper and a few other minerals have been discovered in different parts, but little attention has been given to their development.

There are a few thousand acres of State lands subject to donation and purchase, and the Iron Mountain Railway owns about 50,000 acres, which are for sale.

There were, according to the census of 1900, 3,453 farms in this county, representing an area of 282,438 acres, valued at $1,775,830, including buildings. The principal crops grown are: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, and all kinds of garden vegetables. Fruits of all kinds do well here, and the cultivated grasses which are beginning to be grown quite extensively are very prolific. Timothy, millet, clover and red top are the principal varieties, and often

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grow from two to three tons per acre.. Of the fruits, peaches, plums, and grapes succeed best. The interest in raising good stock is increasing every year, and many herds of the fine breeds may be found in this county now.

In the forests we have oaks of the different varieties, walnut, both black and white, cypress in considerable quantities in the bottoms, and pine, butternut and hickory in the hilly portions; and the Arkansas River and Little Rock & Fort Smith Railway furnish ample means of transportation for the southern part of the county. The county is well watered by running streams, of which the Cadron and Palarm are perhaps good floating roads, but otherwise not navigable.

The educational and religious advantages of Faulkner County are of the very best. There are 8,036 children of school age in the county, 6,334 white and 1,682 colored. There are 102 school houses, valued at $19,228, in which public free schools are taught from three to ten months in the year. The total amount invested in school property in the county is $24,071, and the sum of $21,705 was expended in 1904 for the support of the public schools of the county.

Nearly every religious denomination represented in the State have churches in this county, and a church of some of these denominations may be found in every vicinity in the county.

Conway is the county seat and principal town of the county. It has a population of 2,003. It is located on the Little Rock & Fort Smith Railway, thirty miles northwest of Little Rock. It was settled in 1871. It now has six churches, public and private schools, two theaters. Hendrix College and the Central Baptist College, two of the leading educational institutions of the State, are located here. It has two banks, a cotton seed oil mill, saw, planing and grist mills, cotton gins, electric light and telephone system, and three weekly newspapers.

Conway has shown a remarkable growth within the past ten years. Its population has increased sixty-six per cent, besides the numerous other advancements. It is ceune to be one of the chief educational centers of the

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FRANKLIN COUNTY. Franklin County has a population of 17,395 (census,

1900), and its area is 682 square miles, mostly woodland, with some prairie. The general character of the land is red

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Meeting of Arkansas Potato Growers, August 25, 1904.

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loam. According to the census of 1900, there were 2,704 farms in Franklin County, representing an area of 240,303 acres, valued at $1,713,030, including buildings.

Franklin County is divided into two parts by the Arkansas River. The northern part is hilly ; and the extreme north is mountainous, from a spur of Boston Mountains which enters from the west. Sandstone of the millstone grit formation is the prevailing rock of the hills, underlaid by reddish shales, which produce, by disintegration, the red and yellow clay lands of the valleys, made more or less sandy from the former rock. 'The country north of the river is well timbered with white, red, post, black and blackjack oaks, hickory, and sweet and black gums, walnut and

A large part of the southern part of the county is occupied by open and rather level prairies, underlaid by clay and shales; a few low hills are seen occasionally in Grand Prairie. The soil is red or yellow in color and very similar to that of the red lands, yielding from 800 to 1,000 pounds of seed cotton per acre.

Finest Shannon apples in the world grow in the north, and the best variety of Alberta peaches grow in the south part of Franklin County.

The river bottom lands have soil varying from dark to orange-red loams, with a timber growth of cottonwood, walnut, oaks, ash, pecan, gum, hickory, etc. They yield an average of 1,600 pounds of seed cotton per acre.

The Little Rock & Fort Smith Railway crosses the county from east to west near the center, and the Arkansas Central crosses the southern part.

The county was created in 1837 out of a part of Crawford County. Ozark, on the bank of the Arkansas River, is the county seat of the Ozark district, and Charleston, south of the river, is the county seat of the Charleston district. We have numerous churches and school houses in every part of the county; also two good courthouses.

This county is located in the heart of the coal mining section of the State, a number of large mines being operated here. Many car loads of coal are shipped annually.

There are 400 acres of Government land in this county, subject to homestead entry, and a few thousand acres of State lands are yet open to purchase and donation,

The educational and religious advantages of this county are excellent. There are public free schools in every community in the county, which are taught from three to six

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months in the year, besides there are several colleges and high schools in the principal towns of the county. In 1904 there were 7,175 children of school age in the county, 6,972 white and 2038 colored. There are eighty-eight school houses, valued at $26,625. The amount of money expended for the benefit of the free public schools of this county in 1904 was $19,336, and there is a total of $31,035 invested in school property in this county.

Ozark is situated on the Little Rock & Fort Smith Railway; was settled in 1838. It now has four churches, a female college, fine public schools, one bank, broom factory, brickyards, cotton gins, flouring and sawmills, and two weekly newspapers. Ships cotton, fruit, coal and general produce.

Fulton County.

Fulton County is situated in the northern tier of counties, bordering on the State of Missouri. It has a population of 12,917 (census, 1900), and an area of 660 square miles, mostly woodland. According to the census report, there are 2,144 farms in this county, representing an area of 284,247 acres, valued at $1,352,150, including buildings.

Fulton County is especially adapted to fruit culture, particularly peaches, though pears and apples do well. There are large areas being planted in orchards, and the fruitraising industry, comparatively in its infancy, bids fair to become one of the leading pursuits of the county.

Fulton County lies within the mineral belt of North Arkansas, and fine specimens of zinc and lead have been found in numerous places in the county.

This county is admirably adapted to stock raising, and already a number of imported breeds have been introduced and are found to do well. All the cultivated grasses succeed well.

Fulton County still has 17,620 acres of Government land subject to homestead entry; there are also a few thousand acres of State lands subject to donation or purchase.

Fulton County has a rolling and hilly surface, with cherty ridges from 200 to 300 feet above the streams. Pilot Knob, near Salem, the county seat, has an elevation of 445 feet above the town, and is capped with a reddish sandstone. The hills and ridges are usually timbered with black-jack and black oaks and hickory, and are formed of siliceous or cherty limestones. The soils are rocky, covered with fragments of chert. Where these hills are overlaid by sandstones,

as in the southern and northwestern parts of the county, the timber growth is pine. In the valleys or coves between the ridges are meadow lands or prairies with dark soils, derived mostly from a white, earthy limestone, drained by small streams. These are the chief agricultural lands of the county, and produce about 1,500 pounds of seed cotton per acre.

The upper portion of Black River flows through the county, and various creeks also serve to water it perfectly in every section. The Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis Railway runs through the northeast corner of the county, furnishing the only railroad facilities in the county.

The educational and religious facilities of this county are good. 'There are free public schools in every vicinity, and school is taught there from three to eight months in the year, besides we have several good high schools at the different towns of the county. In 1904 there were 4,534 children of school age in the county, 4,500 white and thirtyfour colored. The total amount invested in school property in Fulton County is $20,858, and the sum of $14,725 was expended in 1904 for the benefit of the public schools of the county.

Most all the Protestant denominations are represented in this county, and good churches are to be found in every community. The morals of the county are on a high grade, and the people are as good a class of citizens as are to be found anywhere in the United States.

The principal towns of the county are: Mammoth Spring, Salem, Elizabeth, besides numerous smaller places dotted over the county.

Mammoth Spring is the principal town. It is located on the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis Railway, and has a population of 717 (census, 1900), but has largely increased since, and possibly has a population of 1,000 by this time. It has four churches, good graded schools, a flouring mill, with a capacity of 400 barrels daily, a bank and two weekly newspapers.

One of the largest cotton mills of the State is located at this point. These mills were established at Mammoth Spring in 1890 with a captial stock of $150,000. Previous to 1897, the mills had a capacity of 3,000 spindles, and employed ninety hands. In 1897 the capacity was increased to 8,000 spindles, and now employs 160 hands, consuming 2,000 pounds of cotton per day, with a daily output of 13,000 yards of cloth.

ers ee GARLAND COUNTY.

Garland County is situated in the central part of the State, and has an area of 580 square miles. Population, 1900, 18,773.

According to the census of 1900, there were 1,322 farms, representing an area of 154,962 acres, valued at $948,450, including buildings.

The principal farm products grown in this county are: corn, oats, wheat, millet, clover, red top, and some cotton. Most all varieties of field and garden vegetables do well in this county, and the market at Hot Springs is a most excellent one throughout the year, on account of the numerous large hotels. The entire county is well adapted to the erowth of fruit, such as apples, peaches, pears, plums, strawberries, cherries, and some few quinces are grown with success. All varieties of grapes succeed well in this part of the State, but the Delaware and Scuppernong produce best.

This county is particularly suited to raising sheep and goats, and cattle do well here, though the county is so heavily timbered that there is not much range for cattle. Hogs also do well here.

The timbers of this county consist of all varieties of hardwood and yellow pine. Excellent opportunities are offered for the location of factories in this county. Water is abundant, and the easy access to good timber, and the excellent shipping facilities make it especially attractive to the investor along these lines.

The face of the county is half mountainous and hilly, the other heavily wooded levels. About one-third of the area is improved and fenced; four sections at Hot Springs belong to the United States. The Iron Mountain Railway owns several thousand acres, and nearly 60,000 acres still belong to the Government and are open to homestead entry.

The celebrated place of resort, the Hot Springs, is situated in this county, in the valley on the south side of Whetstone Mountain. 'These springs come from the sides of the mountain, and have a temperature varying from 106 degrees to 147 degrees Fahrenheit, the greater number being above 120 degrees. 'The mountain is composed of different varities of novaculite rock, which is quarried extensively for whetstones. The height of the mountain is about 500 feet above the valley, with a trend very nearly northeast and southwest, and is covered with a timber growth of oak, pine,

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dogwood and hickory. On the south side of the Ouachita River is a complete labyrinth of high ridges composed of quartz and novaculite. The county is abundantly watered by the tributaries of the Saline River on the northeast, and by the Ouachita River and its tributaries in the central and southern portions.

In Hot Springs there are six common schools; four for the white and two for the colored, in the six respective wards of the city; also a convent school and four or five private schools. There are sixty-two public free schools taught in the country districts, and there are 8,006 children of school age in the county who have the privilege of attending these schools. There are fifty-two school houses in the county, valued at $32,300, and the total amount invested in school property throughout the county is $49,019. The sum of $45,965 was expended for the benefit of the public tree schools of the county for the year 1904.

The low lands of this county consist of the first ana second bottoms of various small creeks, front land, back land, and hammocks, and of the Ouachita and Saline rivers. All varieties of uplands may be found in this county, except prairie.

The lands devoted to cotton culture comprise the black, sandy loam, the light sandy, the mulatto and the clay lands. The chief land is the light sandy, constituting about twothirds of the tillable area, extending east and south for many miles; but north and west the soil becomes tough and tight, with dark color, and there are indications of rock near the surface. The natural timber growth is hickory, ash, cherry, walnut, black locust, linn, gum, pine, and various kinds of oaks. The soil is a light, sandy loam, clayey in places, ten feet deep in the low lands and eighteen inches in the uplands; and, as the land is nearly all new, there is very little subsoiling done, but when reached it presents a dark appearance, and inclines to crumble and becomes very hard when exposed to the sun. This soil is underlaid by gravel and large rocks at from two to six feet. 'The soil is easily cultivated in all seasons, and is best adapted to corn and wheat. The chief crops of the region are corn, cotton, cereals generally, and grapes.

There are two railroads entering Hot Springs from the east, the Hot Springs branch of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern, and the Little Rock & Hot Springs Western.

Hot Springs is the county seat and principal town of Garland County. Besides being noted for the celebrated hot springs, it has probably a larger number of fine hotels than any other city of its size in the United States. It is a rapidly growing and business enterprising little place; has a population of 9,973, and two railroads.

Grant County.

This county has for its boundaries Saline, Jefferson, Cleveland, Dallas and Hot Spring counties, about 642 square miles of area and 7,671 population, about 600 being colored.

The face of the county is nearly level, about one-half of the area being alluvial and no prairies.

According to the census of 1900, there were 45,430 acres of improved land in the county, but a total farm area of 148,129 acres, representing 1,306 farms, valued at $521,- 150. There are about 2,388 acres of Government land in this county yet subject to homestead entry, and a few thousand acres of State lands subject to sale and donation.

The principal crops grown are corn, cotton, wheat, oats, most all varieties of farm and garden vegetables; and fruits of all varieties, especially apples, peaches and grapes. Apples are generally the surest crop. Concord, Delaware and other varieties of grapes all yield bountifully. Various wild fruits grow everywhere, and are almost the equal of the cultivated.

The cultivated grasses do well here as far as tried, but are not extensively grown heretofore, although a considerable interest having been manifested in stock raising within the past few years it is likely that it will be grown more in the future.

Our timber is fine and abundant. Pine as fine as the world can show. White oak is plentiful. The county is generally covered with pine on the hills and uplands, and the bottoms with oak.

Shipping facilities for the vast amount of lumber cut in this county, as well as the other products, have been very meager in the past, but there is now in course of construction a railroad from Pine Bluff to Sheridan, which will greatly improve the county in this respect, and will result in a much more rapid development of the timber resources of the county.

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Our county is tolerably well watered. We have the Saline River and a number of smaller streams running the year round. The water for domestic purposes is generally soft. We have some mineral springs which claim medicinal virtues and wonderful properties, but no analysis has ever been made.

The soil of this county is generally good and very productive. Improved land is cheap yet, and unimproved land may be bought for most any price.

The educational and religious advantages of this county are very good. There are churches of most all the Protestant demonination in all sections of the county, and the people are moral and sober. This county offers special advantages for homeseekers, making these items requisites in thinly settled sections.

There are 2,858 children of school age in the county, 2,495 white and 363 colored. There are fifty school houses, valued at $6,730, in which public free schools are taught from three to eight months in the year. There is $8,490 invested in school property in the county, and the amount expended in 1904 for the support of the free schools of this county was $8,482.

There are no cities in Grant County, but several very prosperous little towns. Sheridan is the county seat and principal town, with a population of nearly 500.

Greene County.

Greene County is situated in the northeastern part of the State, being separated from Missouri on the east by the St. Francis River. Its area is about 640 square miles, and is generally alluvial. It is intersected and centrally divided by Crowley's Ridge, thus making a portion of the area upland, with a few hills. More than two-thirds of the area is bottom, but does not overflow. The soil is inostly black sand. The alluvial lands on both the eastern and western slope of Crowley's Ridge are unexcelled for the growing of cotton, corn, oats and other farm products.

According to the census report of 1900, there were 2,490 farms in Greene County, representing an area of 193,757 acres, of which 93,229 acres is in cultivation. The total value of the area in farms, including buildings, was $1,881,840. The United States owns about 427 acres, which are still open to homestead entry, and several thousand acres of State lands are for sale or donation.

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Greene County has excellent railroad facilities. The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern passes through the western part of the county ; the Knobel branch passes entirely across the center, while the main line of the St. Louis Southwestern passes through the county from southwest to northeast, besides branches of the two roads leading off to the principal business points. Besides the railroads, the entire eastern part of the county has access to the navigable waters of the St. Francis River.

The timber of this county is very valuable, owing to our advantages in marketing same. Yellow poplar, oaks of all varieties, black walnut, beech, gum, pine, cottonwood, cypress, etc., grow in abundance in every section.

Very little attention has been given to stock raising; however, the advantages offered in this county in that line are the most excellent. Most all the cultivated grasses succeed well, and stock water is abundant throughout the county.

The educational and religious facilities of Greene County are above the average. Good church houses of the different Protestant denominations may be found in every community in the county. There are 7,347 children of school age, 7,331 white and sixteen colored. There is $24,648 invested in school property in the county, and the sum of $21,325 was expended in 1904 for the benefit of these public free schools.

Paragould, the principal town and county seat of Greene County, is located at the crossing of the main line of the St. Louis Southwestern Railway and the Knobel branch of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern, and has a population of 3,322, representing an increase of more than 100 per cent within the past ten years. 'There are located here churches of all the leading denominations; fine graded schools, two banks, an opera house, electric light system, stave and heading factories, a foundry, planing and sawmills, cotton gins and three newspapers.

Cotton, staves and hardwood lumber are the principal articles of export.

Hempstead County.

Hempstead County is situated in the southern part of the State. Has an area of 720 square miles, and a population of 24,101. It is one of the most prosperous and productive counties in the State, embracing within its borders some very valuable lands.

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One thousand two hundred forty-five acres still belong to the Government, and the State owns several thousand acres, all of which is open to homeseekers. Slightly improved and deeded lands are cheap, and splendid advantages are offered those who wish to start into the agricultural business on a small scale.

The richest and most valuable lands in Hempstead County are those known as the "Black Lands," lying in townships 9, 10, 11 and 12. All of this region is known as the "cretaceous formation."" Large quantities of sea shells are found scattered about, and are produced by the mixture of the lime, or rather indurated chalk, which underlies the soil, with vegetable matter, and is of inexhaustible fertility. In the creek bottoms the soil, from constant washings of the upper lands, attains a depth of several feet and fields of this kind have been worked productively for half a century continuously, without a particle of manure.

Next in point of value and fertility are the red, gravelly lands, lying in Mine Creek and Red Land townships. These are easily worked and very productive. They are more easily exhausted than the black lands, but owing to the ease with which they are worked are very nearly as valuable. These are mostly owned by small proprietors, who make prosperous livings out of them, while the black lands are generally owned in large blocks, and let out in small holdings by the year, the rental being from four to five dollars per acre.

The timber of the county is abundant and diverse. On the black lands will be found oak, ash, hickory, elm, and the celebrated bois d'arc; the red, gravelly lands, the red, sandy lands and the gray, sandy lands grow pine, oak, hickory and dogwood, and the mulatto and post-oak lands are covered with post oak and black oak.

The principal products of Hempstead Coumty are: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, all kinds of farm and garden vegetables. Fruits of all kinds produce abundantly, especially peaches, Hempstead County having some of the finest peaches in the South.

All varieties of tame grasses do well in this county, and considerable attention is beginning to be given to stock raising.

According to the census report of 1900, there were

3,483 farms in Hempstead County, representing an area of 289,069 acres, of which 146,988 acres are in cultivation.

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The total value of the area in farms, including buildings, was $1,950,690.

As a whole, the county is very well supplied with railroad facilities, having the main line of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway passing through the center of the county; also two branches of the same road running to different parts of the county.

The educational and religious advantages are the most excellent in this county. The Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, Christian, and a few other denominations have churches dotted all over the county, and every community has a good church house.

There are 10,958 children of school age in the county, 5,050 white and 5,908 colored. There are 112 school houses in the county, valued at $24,572. School is taught in the free public schools from three to six months in the year in the country districts; but in many of the small towns, with the assistance of a five mill school tax levied in the district, the school is prolonged in many instances to eight and nine months during the year. The sum of $32,906 was expended in 1904 for the benefit of the public free schools of this 'county.

The principal towns of the county are: Hope, with a population (1900) of 1,644; Washington, the county seat, with a population of 375; Ozan, Wallaceburg, Columbus, each with population of from 200 to 300.

Hot Spring County.

This county is situated in the central portion of the State, in the Ouachita River Valley. It contains an area of 610 square miles, and has a population of 12,748.

The facial features of the county are: One-fourth mountainous, one-fourth hills, one-third level, and one-sixth alluvial.

According to the census of 1900, there were 1,679 farms in the county, representing an area of 182,667 acres, of which 57,528 acres are in cultivation. 'The entire area in farms, including buildings, is valued at $896,310.

There are 11,163 acres of Government lands in this county yet open to homestead entry. Much of this land will make good homes, and more than 10,000 acres have been taken up within the past two years.

The principal crops grown here are: cotton, corn, wheat, pats, rye, most all the field and garden vegetables,

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and many of the tame grasses have been tried with highly satisfactory results.

Of fruits, apples, peaches, pears, plums and all kinds of small fruits are being successfully cultivated here. Of grapes, the Concord, Ives Seedling, Martha, Delaware and other varieties yield abundantly. There are in the county large tracts of yellow pine, good bodies of white oak and other timber, and the facilities for marketing lumber are good. A large number of sawmills have been erected in different parts of this county within the past few years, and our large tracts of yellow pine and other marketable timbers are being rapidly cut and shipped.

The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway traverses the county diagonally from its northeastern corner in a southwesterly direction, and the Hot Springs road runs from Malvern in a northwestern direction to Hot Springs.

Of streams, we have the Ouachita River and a number of smaller creeks, which, however, are not navigable.

The educational facilities of this county are good. There are'5,423 children of school age in the county, 4,758 white and 665 colored. 'There are fifty-nine school houses in the county, valued at $15,220, in which public free school is taught from three to six months in the year. The total - amount invested in school property in the county is $18,792, and the sum of $20,363 was expended for the benefit of the public schools of the county during the year 1904.

The Malvern High School at Malvern furnish advantages for the more advanced grades from the several country schools in the county. There are churches dotted all over the county, and most all the leading denominations are represented.

Malvern, the county seat, and principal town of Hot Springs County, is situated on the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway, at the junction of the Hot Springs branch. It has six churches, graled public schools, a large brick factory, saw, planing and shingle mills, a bank, two weekly newspapers, and a large diversity of mercantile interests. Population, 1,582.

Howard County.

Present population, about 18,000. The county is largely woodland. 'There are about 305 square miles of red loam lands, and about 325 square miles of yellow loam lands.

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There were, according to the census of 1900, 2,329 farms, representing an area of 247,901 acres, of which 86,597 acres are in cultivation. 'The total value of all the farms in the county, including buildings, was $1,200,460.

The surface is rolling in the northern part of the county, and in the extreme northern part somewhat mountainous. The south half of the county is practically level, though. very well drained. In some parts of the mountainous regions valuable minerals such as zinc, lead, antimony, etc., have been found and a number of mines successfully developed. The county is well drained by a large number of creeks and some small rivers. Some of these afford very fine water power for manufacturing and like purposes. Springs abound in most parts of the county which feed the small streams all through the year, affording convenient and valuable facilities for watering stock. In the southern part of the county the soil is black and commonly known as black land. These are of the most valuable and permanent lands in the county, being very rich and productive, and capable of withstanding much dry weather. These lands produce in perfection corn, cotton, alfalfa, Bermuda grass, clover, and other grasses and grain. In the middle portion of the county the soil 1s gravelly, well drained and produces well except when the season is unusually dry. The creek bottoms usually produce good crops such as grow in this locality. The northern portion is not so productive, though there are some creek bottoms that give good crops on an average. There is a tendency among farmers of this county to diversify their crops, and this seems to be growing. Aside from this, much attention is given to stock, and there are some good stock farms in the county where the best breeds of all kinds of stock are raised. The attention to stock raising seems to be confined principally to horses, cattle and hogs, and some very fine stock of this kind is to be found in nearly all parts of the county. It is frequently the case that fine stock is shipped from this county to other States and usually at good prices. The population is mostly white. There are some negroes in the southern part of the county, but they are not so numerous anywhere as to be troublesome. 'There is an abundance of pine and oak, as well as gum and cypress, and other timber in the county. From this staves, shingles, lumber, etc., is manufactured.in large quantities which always finds a ready market. This industry gives employment to many people and brings ready money into the county. The streams afford very fine game fish, and the

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forests have a fair abundance of wild game, especially smaller game. Fruits, berries and melons can be grown successfully, and the soil and climate seem especially fitted for grape growing. There are no large operations in fruit, however, owing chiefly to the want of the necessary transportation facilities for quick marketing. The farmers usually raise all the corn, wheat, sorghum, potatoes and garden products they need, including plenty of meat for home consumption, as well as some for sale to the local merchants. Very little meat is brought into the county from abroad, and some seasons wheat is exported by the car loads. The principal towns are Nashville, Center Point, Mineral Springs, Corinth and Saratoga. In the northern part of the county are many springs of more or less medlicinal properties. 'The most prominent of these are Baker Springs at Eldrige post office, which are resorted to every year by many visitors from a number of states, for stomach and kidney trouble. They are situated in a high locality where the nights are always cool and the days much cooler than the lower altitudes. The surrounding country is very inviting for an outing where health and pleasure are sought. There are two woolen factories in the county, one at Nashville and one at Mineral Springs. There are also large flouring mills, one at Nashville and one at Center Point, half a dozen or more saw and planing mills and some other small manufacturing industries.

The educational facilities of Howard County are excelient. There are 5,498 children of school age in the county, 4,288 white and 1,210 colored. There are sixty-five school houses in the county, valued at $11,940. School is taught in the public free schools from three to six months in the year. The sum of $14,823 was expended for the benefit of the public schools of this county in 1904; and at present there is invested in school property in Howard County the sum of $23,760.

There are churches of the different religious denominations to be found in every community in the county, and the morals of this section of the State are as good as that of any section in the whole country.

Nashville is the principal commercial town of the county and is a trading point for several adjoining counties. The merchants, as a rule, are prosperous throughout the county. There is but little trading on credit, and even in the summer and dull seasons the cash transactions are the rule.. The farmers are mostly out of debt and many have money on

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hand sufficient to carry them through the year. Cotton, the chief staple, is usually sold to buyers for cash, both by the farmers and the merchants, and consequently there are few losses on sales. 'The county is situated in the southwest part of the State, there being only one county, Sevier, between it and the Indian Territory line. It is bounded by the counties of Hempstead, Polk, Pike, Little River and Sevier. It is rarely that any great disaster occurs to the crops. 'There are no overflows of any consequence, and while the drought sometimes cuts the crops short, a total failure is unknown. 'The health of the people is at least as good as the average. It would usually be regarded as good. There is also one railroad in the county, the Arkansas & Louisiana. 'This runs from Hope, on the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern, to Nashville, the terminus, from whence the products of the county find an outlet to the markets abroad. 'The schools throughout the county are generally good. The people usually vote the full limit of five mills tax for school purposes, and devote much attention to educational matters. Good church facilities for various believers are to be found both in the towns and rural districts, and these are well attended and kept up as a rule.

Independence County.

Independence County is situated in the White River valley. It embraces an area of 645 square miles, with a population of 22,557.

The general face of the county in the river bottom is level and very rich; the uplands are level, with good soil, and the mountainous parts generally contain minerals.

There are 8,325 farms in Independence County, representing an area of 292,040 acres, of which 128,691 acres are in cultivation. 'The total value of the farms, including buildings, is $2,410,360.

The principal crops grown in the county are: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, all kinds of farm and garden vegetables; also most all varieties of the tame grasses do excellent in this county, yielding from two to four tons of hay to the acre.

Independence County is eminently suited to the culture of fruits of all leading kinds. Apples, pears, peaches and all small fruits yield abundantly here. Of grapes, the Concord, White and Martha all yield well, and the mountainous part of the county is excellent for the culture of these fruits.

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Stock raising has not as yet received the attention which the fitness of the county for this particular industry would warrant. Improved stock has been introduced and the results so far attained are highly satisfactory. Great advantages are offered in this county to parties wishing to engage in this business.

Timber of all kinds grows in the county in large bodies ; oak, hickory, ash, gum, elm, live oak, cedar and pine are to be found in abundance. We have facilities for shipping, both by railroad and river. The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway and White and Black rivers, both

Scene Along Upper White River.

navigable streams, furnish us advantages along this line, possibly not equaled by many other counties in the State.

Manganese, silver, lead, copper, and zinc are the principal minerals found within the borders of this county. The manganese mines are being worked extensively, and yield a large amount of the manganese used in the United States. This district has already gained national recognition, as ranking third in the United States in the production of this valuable ore. The manganese from the "Batesville District"

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is a very superior grade to that found in any other part of this country. In 1896, when Georgia manganese sold for $6.25 per ton, Arkansas manganese was readily selling at $10.72 per ton; and during that year Arkansas took second place in the United States in the amount of that ore produced.

The county has an abundance of good running water courses and springs, which supply a greater portion of the water used for domestic purposes. A few mineral springs, containing sulphur and iron, are found in the county.

The educational facilities of this county are excellent. There are ninety-six public free schools in the county where school is taught from three to nine months in the year. There is $45,262 invested in school property in the county, and the sum of $28,000 was expended for the benefit of the public schools of Independence County during the year 1904.

Churches of nearly all the denominations found in the State are represented here, and a good church house may be found in almost every community in this county.

Batesville, the principal town and county seat of Independence County, is situated on White River in the northern part of the county. It has a population of 2,827; a fire department, two banks, one college, fine graded public schools, churches, an opera house, two weekly newspapers, and a great diversity of mercantile and mining interests. The principal exports are building stone, cotton and lumber.

Izard County.

Izard County is in the northern part of the State, and in the White River Valley, which runs along its entire southwestern boundary and divides it from Stone County.

The area of the county is nearly 600 square miles, and its population is 13,506.

The face of the county presents rolling uplands, hills and mountains in the north and center, covering about onethird of its area, and bottom lands of alluvial character along the south and western slope of the county, the northeastern and the eastern portion draining into Black River, and the western, central and southern part into White River.

The staple crops of the county are cotton and corn, but though these are principally grown, all other farm and garden products, grain, grasses, fruits and vegetables yield good returns.

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There are, according to the census report of 1900, 2,392 farms in this county, representing an area of 252,773 acres, valued at $1,131,820, including the buildings.

There are about 100,000 acres of land improved. The balance of the land is covered with an abundance of the most excellent timber; one-third of the area of the county being large pine forests. White oak and other varieties of oak, hickory and gum are in abundance. The soil of the county is superior in quality. In the bottoms it is a dark, rich, sandy loam, in the uplands a sandy loam with clay subsoil.

The facilities for shipping the products of this county are rather meager at present, there being but one branch line of railroad touching the county ; however, the prospects for more railroads in the near future are very promising.

The county is well watered by the best of water. Besides the many springs, there are also a number of good running streams distributed all over the county, affording fine watering for stock, the raising of which for market 1s beginning to be made a profitable business here. Several fine breeds have been introduced and do well.

The educational and religious advantages of the county are good. There are 4,952 children of school age in the county, 4,877 white and seventy-five colored. There are eighty-six school houses, in which school is taught from three to six months in the year. The total amount invested in school property in this county is $16,622, and the sum of $11,083 was expended for the support of the public schools of this county during the year 1904.

Melbourne, with a population of nearly 500, is the principal town and county seat of the county. It has four churches, good system of graded schools, steam, saw, grist and shingle mills, carding factory, and two weekly newspapers, and a large number of enterprising business - firms.

Jackson County.

Jackson County is situated in the White River Valley; having Black River on the north and White River running through the county. Each of these rivers is navigable for steamboats throughout the year. In area Jackson County is 650 square miles, with a population of 18,383. The face of the county presents a level surface with the exception of a small portion, which is hilly. The soil is alluvial, and about one-fifth of the land is improved. The St. Louis,

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Iron Mountain & Southern Railway Company owns 30,035 acres.

Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, clover, timothy, millet, orchard and red top grass are generally grown in this county. Strawberries, raspberries, apples, peaches and plums are successfully grown. Peaches and strawberries succeed best and are raised for shipment to northern markets.

There were, according to the census of 1900, 2,244 farms in Jackson County, representing an area of 187,959 acres, of which 93,117 acres are improved. 'The total value of the farms of Jackson County was $2,264,760, including buildings. 'There is practically no Government lands in this county, and but little State lands. The improved lands, however, are comparatively cheap, and a man who wants a small home and has only a limited amount to invest, will find excellent opportunities offered him in this county.

This county is well adapted to the growth of live stock, and much attention is being directed to the introduction of improved breeds.

All varieties of oak, red gum, ash and cypress grow in the county. Fine specimens of white oak are to be found in all parts of the county; cypress is to be found in considerable bodies in the river bottoms.

There are 115 public free schools in the county, in which 6,952 school children are taught from three to nine months in the year. -There is $34,260 invested in school property in the county, and the sum of $25,256 was expended for the benefit of the public schools during the year 1904.

Every community has a good church house, and nearly all the Christian denominations are represented in this county.

Newport is the county seat of Jackson County. It has a population of 2,866; is on the main line of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway, and the White and Black River Valley Railway, and is the terminus of the White River branch of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway, and is situated on the left bank of White River, a stream navigable all the year with regular lines of steamboats making connections at Newport, and furnishing all that could be desired in the way of transportation facilities. Besides these enterprises we might mention that she has one of the best and most complete systems of waterworks in the State, obtaining the water from White River, a stream as clear and pure as crystal. She has also a large electric

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plant—both the are and the incandescent lights are used: has a $15,000 opera house, complete throughout with all the modern improvements, where the best theatrical companies entertain the citizens in season; has two large cotton compresses, which compressed this year 95,000 bales; two large stave factories—one slack barrel and the other tight barrel; a twenty-five-ton ice factory; several sawmills, foundry and machine shop; wagon factory; a number of © blacksmith shops; oil mill covering two acres and a half of land, built of brick; a beautiful city hall; a $45,000 courthouse built of pressed brick and heated by steam, with electric lights and gas; a large brick public school building for white children, built recently at a cost of $12,000; the Franklin Doswell Institute, a graded and high school. 'The motto of Arkansas that "A well educated child is the best legacy possible to leave to the State," is lived up to in its fullest sense. Has two banks, the Bank of Newport and the Jackson County Bank, each with a capital of $50,000; two daily and two weekly newspapers, the Evening Herald and the Jackson County Herald, the Evening News and the Newport Weekly News, each with a large circulation. Hotel facilities are first class. Has churches of the following denominations: Episcopal, Methodist, Christian, Presbyterian and Catholic. And last, but not least, the most hospitable people to be found anywhere, who are always ready and willing to lend a hand to the upbuilding of our_ city and county, and are ever ready to extend the hand of friendship to those coming among us.

Jefferson County.

Jefferson County is situated in the central part of the State, and is one of the richest and greatest cotton producing sections of the United States. The cotton that took the first prize at the World's Fair in 1893, was grown in Jefferson County, Ark.

The Arkansas River flows through the center of the county from northwest to southeast, and its extensive bottoms form the most fertile section of the State. The chief soils devoted to the cultivation of cotton are: The river bottoms, which are alluvial twenty feet in depth; the bayou bottoms, back from the river, occurring in small bodies, and twelve feet in depth; the rolling hill lands, with clayey and sandy soil, from three to fifteen inches deep.

Cotton Field in Jefferson County.

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The alluvial bottoms comprising about one-third of the area of the county, extend east and west the whole length of the county, and north and south about one-fourth of the distance. The timber growth is principally cottonwood, cypress, pine, oak, gum, ash, and hickory. The soil is fine and coarse sandy loam, grayish to blackish in color, with a heavy subsoil. It is easy to till any season, is best adapted to cotton.

The hill land, comprising from one-half to two-thirds of the county's area, is rolling and occurs on all sides of the alluvial lands. This land has a natural timber growth of pine, oak, ash, hickory, and elm. The soil is sandy, with a depth of from four to eight inches; the subsoil is a yellow and red clay. The soil is not difficult to till when wet, but when dry it is not easy, is late, cold and ill-drained, and is well adapted to corn, oats, peas, vegetables, and sweet potatoes. About one-fourth of the crop is cotton. The lands do not wash readily on the slopes. This county is too far north for the caterpillar, is above the overflow, and away from the gulf storms. Frost in April and in October allow six months generally, and often seven months, for the cotton plant to grow and mature.

According to the census of 1900, there were 4,770 farms in Jefferson County, representing an area of 310,352 acres, of which 162,208 acres is improved. The total value of these farms, including buildings, was $5,130,050.

We have the most excellent facilities for the shipment of our products. Two railroads, the Arkansas Valley Route, a branch of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway, and the St. Louis Southwestern Railway intersect each other at Pine Bluff, and the Arkansas River flowing through the county in a southeasterly direction, by Pine Bluff, with several good rafting tributaries, furnish good facilities to southern and other markets.

There are 17,320 children of school age in this county, 3,923 white and 13,397 colored. 'There are eighty-five school houses, valued at $98,175. The total value of all the school property of the county is $123,275, and the sum of $66,242 was expended for the benefit of the free schools of the county during the year 1904.

The country schools are taught from three to five months during the year, while in Pine Bluff and other towns of the county, the schools are taught ten months in the year.

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There are good church houses in every vicinity in the county. In Pine Bluff, the Methodists, Baptists, Presbyterians, Catholics, Christians and Hebrews are all represented by good churches.

The population of Jefferson County in 1900, was 40,972; its area, 870 square miles.

Pine Bluff, the county seat of Jefferson County, is one of the most thriving towns of the State; it is situated at the junction of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern and the St. Louis Southwestern railways, and at the head of low water navigation on the Arkansas River. It is also the terminus of the Pine Bluff & Swan Lake Railroad, running through the most productive agricultural lands to be found in the entire South. Pine Bluff is recognized as the most extensive cotton market in the State, handling from 80,000 to 100,000 bales annually. It has electric lights, two telephone exchanges, gas works, fire and waterworks system and good sewerage. 'The shops of the St. Louis & Southwestern Raiiway are located here, giving employment to from 500 to 700 skilled mechanics and laborers. It also has two large cotton compresses, two cotton oil and seed meal mills, a large planing plant, a foundry and the Adams- Wilson Printing Company's extensive plant. Large elevator company and boiler and sheet iron works.

Among the public buildings is a handsome courthouse, opera house, a number of magnificent church edifices and the Merrill Institute, with a free library, gymnasium, bath rooms and lecture hall. Nearly every religious denomination is represented by handsome church buildings. It has a splendid system of public schools, also a number of private and parochial schools, and the State Colored Normal College (the colored department of the University of Arkansas). There are four weekly and one daily newspapers published here; also four banks.

Johnson County.

Johnson County is located in the northwestern part of the State, and contains about 700 square miles. The general features of the county are hilly; the Boston and Mulberry mountains traverse its northern areas, to the Arkansas River. The country is rolling, and near the Arkansas, along its banks, and for a short distance up from the mouths of creeks alluvial lands are found.

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In 1900, there were 2,559 farms in Johnson County, representing an area of 206,497 acres, of which 95,400 are improved. 'The total valuation of the farms in this county at that time was $1,753,120, including buildings. Eight thousand one hundred fifteen acres still belong to the Government, and are open to homestead entry. A great deal of slightly improved lands may be bought very cheap, either for cash or on time payments.

The crops raised here are principally : corn, cotton, wheat, oats, most all the farm and garden vegetables known to this latitude; and all do well.

The soil is not very well adapted to any of the cultivated grasses, except German millet, which yields 4,500 pounds to the acre.

Peaches, apples, pears, and plums yield abundantly; apples best in the mountainous districts. The Elberta peach is the principal variety grown in this county, and the enormous extent to which it has been cultivated of recent years is the best evidence of its general adaptability. More than 300,000 trees have been put out in this county within the past five years. Of the apples, the famous Shannon is the principal variety; flourishing almost as well here as in Washington or Benton counties, where it originated.

The several varieties of oak and pine grow in many sections of the county; there is also some gum and walnut. The Little Rock & Fort Smith Railway traverses the southern portion of the county from east to west, but of streams, with the exception of the Arkansas River, the southern boundary of the county, none are navigable. The access to the navigable waters of the Arkansas River and the Littie Rock & Fort Smith Railway furnish us with fairly good transportation facilities. Among the smaller streams of the county, are, Big and Little Piney, Spadra, Horsehead and Mulberry, which aid in supplying water for domestic purposes.

Coal and iron have been found; but while there are several coal mines in successful and well paying operation, the iron has not yet been developed to any great extent. The facilities for working mines and for transporting the product to market are good, and thousands of tons of coal have been shipped and sold in Little Rock.

The prices of lands in Johnson dene range from $10 to $30 for improved lands, and from $2 to $10 for unimproved lands, per acre. The general character of the soil is, in the bottoms, mostly alluvial and very fertile; in the

244 ee

uplands, sandy but very productive; and in the mountains, some black muck, and some light, sandy sterile soil.

The population of the county, according to the census of 1900, was 17,448. 'There are now (1904) 6,842 children of school age in this county, 6,583 white and 259 colored. There are ninety-six public free schools in the county, which are kept open from three to six months in the year. The total value of all the school property of Johnson County is $31,590, and the sum of $19,338 was expended for the maintenance of these schools in 1904.

Nearly every neighborhood has a good church house. The Methodist, Baptist and Presbyterian denominations predominate.

Clarksville, the county seat and principal town of Johnson County, is situated on the Little Rock & Fort Smith Railway, about four miles from Arkansas River. It has a population of 1,086; four churches, Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, and Catholic; also good public schools; the Arkansas Cumberland College; a bank; saw, flour and planing mills; cotton gin; and one weekly newspaper. Ships cotton, fruits, produce, etc.

Lafayette County.

Lafayette County is situated in the southwestern part of the State, having for its southern boundary the northern line of the State of Louisiana, and is separated from Miller County on the west by the meanderings of Red River.

The area of this county is about 500 square miles, of which 3,744 acres belong to the United States, and is subject to homestead entry.

According to the census of 1900, there were 1,203 farms in this county, representing an area of 116,630 acres, valued at $677,550, including buildings.

The population, 1900 census, was 10,594. The face of the county is principally alluvial ; the ridges and hills running north and south through the county occupy about onethird of its area and attain sometimes a height of 125 feet. One-third of the area is level bottom land, while the remaining one-third is undulating uplands. In the northern part of the county there are large tracts of rich prairie lands.

The principal crops raised are cotton and corn, and though farm crops of other kinds can be grown here as well and with as good returns as elsewhere, these are the staples of the county.

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The soil in the hills and uplands has a good foundation, gray or red clay alternating with a mixture of sand and gravel; is retentive in its character, and produces from 1,000 to 1,200 pounds of seed cotton per acre. The soil of the prairies consists of a black, sandy loam, and the bottoms have a similar character of soil. All these lands produce well.

The cultivated grasses are grown quite extensively by some of our people, though there is but little demand for it; as the pasture, both for summer and winter, is abundant with wild grasses and cane.

Stock raising has not, so far, been engaged in as a business, but the county is well adapted to the comfort and perpetuation of all kinds of blooded stock.

The culture of fruit is only practiced for domestic purposes, and then extends only to few varieties. Peaches, apples, plums and small fruits do best. Some varieties of grapes, such as the Concord, Scuppernong and Ives Seedling, yield well here.

The timber growth of the county is abundant, producing all kinds and varieties known to the country and covering all the unimproved lands, except the prairies. The uplands are hilly, being abundant with fine pine and white oak timber; the lowlands abound in beech, gum, holly, maple, ironwood and the red, black, pin and overcup oaks, as well as good hickory and pecan.

The shipping facilities for timber are good; the Bayou Baydeau on the eastern slope of the county, and Red River on the western boundary, afford good floating and rafting roads; and in the northern part of the county the St. Louis & Southern Railway with its branches furnishes transportation to market.

There are 4,748 children of school age in this county, 2,183 white and 2,565 colored. 'There are thirty-six school houses, valued at $14,015. The total amount invested in school property in this county. is $17,240, and the sum of $15,098 was expended for the benefit of these schools in

There are numerous church houses dotted all over the county, almost every community having a good chureh of one of the leading Protestant denominations.

New Lewisville, the county seat and principal town in Lafayette County, is situated on the main line of the St. Louis Southwestern Railway at the junction of the Shreveport branch of said road. It has fine graded schools ;

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churches of most all the leading Protestant denominations, cotton gins, a weekly newspaper, and a great diversity of mercantile interests. It is one of the main shipping points in this section of the State.

Lawrence County.

This is one of the northeastern counties; is situated in the valley of the Black River, one of the tributaries of the White River. Its northernmost point is about eighteen miles from the boundary of the State of Missouri.

The area of the county is about 600 square miles, and the population, according to the census of 1900, was 16,491. The soil is generally good. Rich in the bottoms, and with a clay foundation in the hills and uplands.

About two-fifths of the area is hilly or rolling; threefifths are level alluvial bottoms, of which nearly fifty square miles are subject to overflow.

According to the census of 1900, there are 2,006 farms in Lawrence County, representing an area of 216,260 acres, of which 90,553 acres are in cultivation. The total value of these farms, including buildings, was $2,021,490.

Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, all the grasses and both kinds of potatoes, as well as all garden and farm vegetables, do well here, but cotton and corn are the principal crops in the fields.

Cotton yields on uplands, 700; on bottom lands, 1,500 pounds of seed cotton per acre; corn, from thirty-five to forty bushels; wheat, fifteen bushels; oats, thirty bushels ; potatoes, 150 bushels; turnips, 175 bushels per acre.

Clover, timothy, red top and orchard grass are grown, and all produce from 2,000 to 4,000 pounds per acre.

Small fruits succeed admirably. Peaches and apples yield large incomes to those who have engaged in the industry.

A good deal of attention is being given to live stock, and the county is admirably adapted to this business; a number of the improved breeds have been introduced, and opinions as to what breeds are best adapted are at variance, but experiments seem to incline to the Hereford, Polled Angus and Alderney as the favorites.

The extreme low ground on Cache and Black rivers, and their smaller tributaries, furnish a great deal of cypress, while white oak grows all over the county, and in many localities in vast quantities. The gum of this county is of

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superior quality and is found in almost inexhaustible quantities. Hickory and ash are also well represented in the forest.

Black River flows through the county in a southwesterly direction and is navigable at all seasons of the year, while Cache River, though not navigable, forms the eastern boundary of the county, and may be used for rafting and logging.

The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway has twenty-two miles, and the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis Railway has thirty miles of roadbed within the limits of the county. The former crossing the county from northeast to southwest, and the latter from northwest to southeast, intersect at Hoxie; the Hoxie, Pocahontas & Northern Railroad, a branch of the Iron Mountain, runs from Hoxie to Pocahontas, Randolph County.

Iron, zinc and lead have been mined to some extent in this county, and the prospects are that our mineral resources will be rapidly developed in the near future.

The educational and religious advantages are excellent in this county. The principal denominations represented here are: Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, Christian, each having a number of good houses dotted over the county. There are 6,393 children of school age in this county, 6,107 white and 386 colored. 'There are sixty-three school houses, valued at $34,080. There is $40,910 invested in school property in this county, and the sum of $22,908 was expended during the year 1904 for the maintenance of these public free schools.

Walnut Ridge is one of the county seats of this county ; is situated on the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway; has a population of 550; also a bank, a daily and weekly newspaper, churches and good schools.

Black Rock is situated on the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis Railway, and is the largest town in this county. It has a population of 1,400, showing an increase since 1890 of more than 100 per cent. It contains three churches, good educational facilities, a bank, saw, planing and grist mills, cotton gins, and a diversity of mercantile enterprises, also a weekly newspaper.

Ee GaN Lay

Lee County is bounded on the east by the Mississippi River, and is located near the middle of the eastern border of the State.

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It has a population of 19,409, and an area of 385,090 acres. 'The general feature of the county is undulating. It is finely timbered, rich in alluvial deposits, with no mountains, but about eighteen sections are hilly, the balance level. Nearly one-fourth of the land is improved. The soil in the uplands consists of black land and clay; in the bottoms it 1s "buckshot" and black sandy loam.

Cotton, corn, oats, wheat, potatoes, tobacco and sorghum are the principal crops raised.

There are 2,982 farms in this county, aggregating an area of 198,863 acres, of which 105,905 acres are in cultivation.

The total value of these farms, including buildings, is $2,673,670.

There are only 680 acres of Government land, but there is several thousand acres of State lands in this county which are subject to donation and purchase. The improved land is by no means beyond the reach of the homeseeker, and in many instances good small farms slightly improved can be bought cheap.

Most all the varieties of cultivated grasses have been introduced in this county, and all are found to produce well. Good opportunities are offered in this county for stock raising; the country being adapted to all kinds of grasses, and supplied with an abundance of water the year round; besides the extraordinary marketing facilities.

Of the fruits, pears, peaches, and plums do best, but have so far been cultivated only for domestic purposes.

Of our timbers, we may heartily boast. Among the principal marketing varieties, we have oak, cypress, sassafras, ash, pine, beech, and hickory. One of the principal features of advantage in this line, is the excellent facilities, both water and rail, for marketing lumber.

The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway from Helena northward cuts the county nearly midway, and the L'Anguille and St. Francis rivers, both navigable, with their tributaries, Big Creek and Spring Creek, are within six miles of all.parts of the county; besides the access the entire portion has to the waters of the Mississippi.

The educational and religious standing of Lee County is on a par with any section of the South. There are ninetyone school houses in the county, valued at $42,850, in which school is taught from three to six months in the year. There is the sum of $51,995 invested in school property in this

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county, and $26,888 was expended for the maintenance of the public schools of Lee County during the year 1904.

There are good church houses in nearly every neighborhood in the county, represented by some of the leading Protestant denominations.

Marianna is one of the most thriving towns of the eastern part of the State. The census shows an increase in its population during the past ten years of more than forty per cent. It now has a population of 1,707; it has also four churches; fine graded schools; saw and planing mills; several cotton gins; two weekly newspapers; a bank, - and numerous other modern improvements. It is also the county seat of Lee County.

Lincoln County.

Lincoln County is situated in the southern part of the State. It has an area of 540 square miles, most all of which is woodland. It has a population of 13,389.

The land of the county is divided as follows: Yellow loam region, 400 square miles; alluvial, 140 square miles.

There are 2,356 farms in this county, representing an area of 214,025 acres, of which 88,879 acres are in cultivation. The aggregate value of these farms, including buildings, 1s $1,769,040.

The principal crops in this county are: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, and all farm and garden vegetables. Nearly all varieties of fruits, such as peaches, apples, pears, and the different varieties of berries do well here.

The surface of Lincoln County is slightly rolling and mostly well timbered, and is intersected with some open prairies. Bayou Bartholomew flows through the middle of the county, while the Arkansas River forms the northeastern boundary. Both of these streams have wide and rich bottom lands. The soils are alluvial loams, varying from dark to reddish sands and clays.

Lawyer's prairie, in the southern part of the county, is surrounded by large oak timber, and is very productive The average of lands under cultivation is 90.1 acres per square mile. The rich bottom lands along the Arkansas River and Bayou Bartholomew give to the county a high product per acre, and place it as tenth in rank in the State.

The lands devoted to the culture of cotton comprise light sandy, "buckshot," and black sandy soils. The most important is the light sandy loam, covering about three-fifths

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of the surface of the county, and extending from Pine Bluff ° to Napoleon along the banks of the Arkansas River, a distance of about ninety miles. It is from one-half to a mile wide, and has a natural timber growth of cottonwood, willow, box elder, honey locust, elms, oaks of different varieties, and sycamore. 'The soil is light, fine silty, or clay loam, blackish in color, and about two feet deep; the subsoil, which is lighter, is generally white fine sand, but occasionally clay of a reddish or blackish color. 'The land is easily cultivated in dry weather, but is tilled with difficulty in wet seasons. It is late, warm, and well drained, and is best adapted to cotton. 'The chief crops of this region are cotton, corn and German millet.

The lands wash easily on slopes, but the damage to them, or to the lowlands, is not serious, except in the hill country, ten or fifteen miles back. Any damage is checked by the horizontalizing or hillside ditching.

This county is well adapted to stock raising, and a great deal of interest has been taken in the industry within the past few years, resulting in the introduction of many improved breeds.

The cultivated grasses do well in all sections of the county.

There are ninety public free schools in this county, which are open from three to six months in the year. There are 4,224 school children of school age in the county, 1,568 white and 2,656 colored. There is $10,059 invested in school property in Lincoln County, and the sum of $15,830 was expended for the benefit of the public schools in 1904.

There are churches of different denominations in all parts of the county. The principal towns of the county are: Varner, Star City, Grady and Tyro.

Star City, the principal town and county seat of the county, has a population of about 300. It has three churches, good graded schools, a weekly newspaper and a diversity of mercantile interest.

Lietle River County.

This county, formerly a portion of Sevier County, which is now separated from it on the north by Little River, from which stream it takes its name, is bounded on the west by the Choctaw Nation of the Indian Territory, on the south by Red River, which separates it from the State of Texas, and on the east by Hempstead County, the line being here as in the case of Sevier, separated only by Little River.

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Its area is about 522 square miles, and its population 1s 13,731, an increase of nearly fifty per cent within the past ten years. The face of the country is generally rolling; a ridge of hilly elevations traversing the center from west to east, sloping towards the river bottoms, with considerable prairie lands along Red River in the south.

The soil of the county is varied. Black sandy loam in some locations is loose and very fertile, but having less of a clay foundation, is sometimes affected by drought; the red lands, however, which make up the soil composition of other locations, contains more clayey matter and produces exceedingly well, especially in dry seasons; in the hilly uplands the soil is of a lighter character, but the productiveness is not much less than that of the bottoms.

Cotton, corn, sorghum, oats, rye, some wheat, potatoes, are the chief crops, though nearly all farm and garden products will do well here.

There are 2,027 farms in Little River County, which represent an area of 176,213 acres, of which 67,462 acres are improved. The aggregate value of these farms, including the buildings, is. $1,326,830.

Along the upland ridges fruit culture proves a good investment, as all varieties of fruits do well here.

The timber of this section, within the delta of this county, is large and abundant. Hickory, pine, oak, pecan, maple, gum, sassafras, and walnut, can be found in the upland districts, and some cypress in the bottoms.

The prairie lands of the Red River bottom are among the finest in the world, and the luxuriant growth of cane everywhere gives an abundant winter pasturage for stock.

The stock raising of this county has not, as yet, reached a very large scale, but the success in this line so far attained bids fair for a bright future of this industry in southwest Arkansas. 'There is here all that a cattle man, a sheep herder, and a breeder of fine horses would delight in—abundant water supply all through the county, summer and winter pastures of the best kind, and a healthy, temperate climate. There are numerous salt licks all over the county, and cultivated grasses may be grown here, yielding a harvest equal to that of any portion of the State.

Our shipping facilities are excellent. We have the main line of the Kansas City Southern Railway passing through the entire length of the county, together with several small

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branches running out to the principal points; besides access to the waters of the Red River, running the entire length of the southern boundary of the country.

In the neighborhood of Rocky Comfort, in the western part of the county, is a bed of marl and marly limestone about ninety feet in thickness, and in the southeastern part, on the line between Little River and Sevier counties, near White Cliffs, is a large chalk and cement deposit, examination of which shows it to equal the best imported Portland cement.

There are fifty-five public schools in the county, attended by 5,458 children, 3,240 white and 2,218 colored. The schools of this county are open from three to six months in the year. The total amount of school property in Little River County is $14,665, and the sum of $17,919 was expended in 1904 for the support and maintenance of these public free schools.

There are good church houses in all the neighboriocds of the county, and most all the leading denominations are represented by good congregations.

The principal towns of the county are: Richmond, the county seat, with a population of about 500; Ashdown, population 400; Wilton, Rocky Comfort, and Alleene.

Logan County.

This county, embraced in the coal region of the State, is one of the western counties situated south of the Arkansas River, which forms its northernmost boundary. It has an area of 650 square miles, and a population of 20,563.

The face of the county presents a shelving off in a northeasterly direction, is mountainous in the southwest, hilly in the center, and level and alluvial toward the Arkansas River and its tributaries. One-tenth of the entire area being mountainous, four-tenths rolling in hills and ridges, three-tenths level and two-tenths alluvial. There is, however, but little prairie.

There are 30,961 acres of Government land yet open to homestead entry, much of it well adapted to fruit farming.

According to the census report of 1900, there were 3,225 farms in Logan County, representing an area of 253,140 acres, of which 126,244 acres are improved. The ageregate value of these farms, including buildings, was $2,164,650.

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The soil in the bottoms is, in some portions, black vax, ard in others sandy loam; in the uplands, sandy loam with a clayey formation, and in the mountains gravelly, but vell adapted to the cultivation of wheat and fruit.

A variety of crops are grown and yield handsome incomes to the farmer; of these, cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sorghum, potatoes, tobacco and grasses are the principal products. ''he cultivated grasses do remarkably well. Timothy produces two tons; red top, two tons; clover, three tons; millet, three tons; Hungarian grass, three tons per AChEY

All varieties of fruits peculiar to this latitude are grown here successfully. Apples, peaches, pears, plums, and all varieties of small fruits do well here. Grapes are unusually prolific, among which the Concord, the Catawba, Cynthanium, Herb-Almont, Elvira, Martha, Herman, Kenton and Rogers are the favorite varieties and good wine is produced from all these.

Stock does well in this county, and sufficient attention has been given to this industry to prove the success of the enterprise.

The timber resources of the county are excellent. 'There are large areas of pine, large quantities of white oak in the mountains, and walnut, ash, mulberry, pecan, gum, cottonwood, as well as the different varieties of oak, are found here.

Minerals, such as coal, iron, lead, and silver exist. Coal is found in large quantities, underlying thousands of acres of land. The facilities for working and mining minerals are good, wood and water being abundant.

The railroad facilities in this county are good; two new roads having entered the county within the past few years. Arkansas Central, from Fort Smith to Paris, passes through the central part of the county, the "Rock Island System" Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad passes through and furnishes ample transportation facilities for the western part of the county. The navigable waters of the Arkansas River, traversing the entire northern boundary of Logan County, add to the transportation facilities of this entire section.

; There are ninety-seven public schools in the county. Phe total value of all school property is $46,354, and the

amount expended during the year 1904 for the support and maintenance of these public schools was $22,164.

'Aqgunog uvsory ul WIR, yoo?

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There are churches of nearly all the denominations in this county, and good church houses may be found in almost every community.

Paris is the county seat and one of the largest towns in the county. It is situated in the coal belt, is well supplied with good schools and churches. The Methodist, Baptist, Christian, and Catholic all have organized churches and large, commodious church buildings.

Coal mining in this section is being pushed, and the output is increasing daily. The product is of the very best quality, and the quantity seems inexhaustible. The population of Paris is 836.

Booneville is an old town, rebuilt. It is the division town on the "Rock Island System' Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad, is one of the county seats, and bids fair to become one of the leading towns of the State in the near future. It is situated in the center of a fine agricultural region; has fine churches and schools and is rapidly building up. It has a population of 988, having more than doubled its population within the past few years.

Magazine is also located on the "Rock Island System" Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad, and is one of the most prosperous little towns on the new road. It is also situated in a fine agricultural section, and has fine schools and churches, and a great diversity of mercantile interests. The population, census of 1900, was 897, showing a gain of over 700 per cent within the past ten years.

Blue Mountain is situated on the "Rock Island System" Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad and at the foot of the famous Magazine Mountain. Magazine Mountain is 3,000 feet above sea level and the highest point between the Rocky and Allegheny Mountains. While it is yet in a crude state it is the coming health resort of the Southwest.

Magazine Mountain.

Lovest thou to view the scenery of the mountain and the dell ?—

Long to dwell on Nature's wonders, when its work had been done well?

Dost thou wish to see creation dressed in holiday attire ?—

To inhale the breath of heaven up among the clouds, and higher?

Hie thee then to Magazine Mountain—it's a lofty peak, sublime,

In the hills of Logan County, on the famous Choctaw line.

There thine eyes may find a picture which for beauty and grandeur

Cannot be surpassed in Europe, thou may very well be sure.

Looking west from the pavilion, on the summit of the hill,

There behold a panorama which will make thy breath stand still,

Down below's the peaceful valley, skirted by the mountains, blue

Looking like an immense garden, grown with beauteous shrubs all through.

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Mammoth farms and broadest acres seem like little city lots,

And the hamlets in the distance quite resemble children's plots, While the houses down there scattered look like baby's Noah's arks, And the grazing stock around them seeming toys in tiny parks. Then a pretty golden sunset closes in around the scenes,

And again a gorgeous rainbow arches high above the streams

On another night the moonlight casts a halo where eye meets,— And you sleep and dream of heaven, pearly gates and golden streets.

Lonoke County.

Lonoke County, comprising an.area of 778 square miles, was formed out of Pulaski and Prairie counties in 1873. The population in 1900 was 22,544. This county may be placed in the rank of the over-average, while in point of fact, on account of her varied resources, she is surpassed by none in the sisterhood of counties composing the State. From a glance at the State map it will be seen that Lonoke County is situated near the center of the State. Lonoke, the county seat, has modern brick courthouse and 'jail buildings, large gin plant with capacity of 120 bales per day; one bank, average deposits, $160,000; Baptist, Methodist, Old School and Cumberland Presbyterian, Episcopal churches, white, all have buildings; two Methodists and one Baptist, colored; $1,400 school building with modern improvements; two lumber yards; three livery stables; thirty-five business houses; population, 2,000; lGaeesenvdeticusheecotcr,, "Ky. of eH, A. 2O: U: Vi cr Omen er an Oe eM nL. & .K,. of Tieeeties a, ©. Board. of? Lrade. ..-Is" located .on the Rock Island Railway which bisects the county east and west, and is twenty-three miles east of Little Rock, the capital of the State, and one hundred and twelve miles west of Memphis, Tenn. The land department of this great railroad system is located at Lonoke, with W. P. Fletcher as manager. The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway runs diagonally through the northwestern portion of the county for a distance of seventeen miles. The Little Rock & Eastern Railway, running from Altheimer on the St. Louis Southwestern Railway, runs through the southwestern portion of the county, through what is known as "The Richwoods," the great cotton and timber region.

On this railroad is located England, a thriving town, well built, with three cotton gins, sawmill, cotton oil mill, well equipped public school, Baptist and Methodist churches, two banks, and other industries.

Cornfield in Lonoke County.

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For convenience, we have made the following division of the county into three sections, which, according to their natural products and physical appearance, must be termed its natural divisions.

The first or northern division is the upland timbered country. The products of this section are cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, barley, sorghum, sweet and Irish potatoes, peas, pumpkins, melons, garden vegetables, and fruits and berries of various kinds, consisting of peaches, apples, pears, plums, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, gooseberries, grapes, etc. There are large shipments of fruit from this section every year. At the extreme northern portion of the county ends the foothills of the Ozark Mountain Range. The soil is a sandy loam with a red clay subsoil. This section is rocky, there being some fine building stone.

The second or middle division is a fine, gradually undulating upland timbered and prairie country which is well watered by both wells and springs. It also has a good supply of stock water the year round, from Bayou Meto, which bounds this division of the county on the south, and runs parallel with Prairie Longue a distance of thirty miles, also Bayou Two Prairie which divides Prairie Longue from Grand Prairie, bounding Grand Prairie on the south and runs in a southeasterly direction for a distance of thirty-five miles. There is a body of timber on each side of this bayou that is from one to two miles wide through the whole county. Also Bayou Wattensaw skirts the timber on the south and Grand Prairie on the north. There are no springs south of Bayou Wattensaw but the best and purest well water in the world. Dug wells from twenty-five to forty feet deep and tubular driven wells are from sixty to - 100 feet deep, with inexhaustible bodies of pure, healthful water, which filters through pure white sand and gravel. In this section is raised cotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats, flax, beans, peas, potatoes, grasses, fruits, vegetables, poultry, stock, etc. A very important portion of this division is Grand Prairie and Prairie Longue. Grand Prairie heads six miles northwest from Lonoke, and runs southeast through Lonoke, Prairie and Arkansas counties, to Arkansas Post on Arkansas River. This prairie is from three to twenty miles wide, and 100 miles long. Prairie Longue heads four miles northwest of Lonoke and runs in a southeasterly direction through Lonoke County. This prairie is from two to six miles wide and thirty miles long. These prairies are interspersed with beautiful points and islands of

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timber, and have a heavy coat of nutritious grasses, which yield from one to four tons of hay per acre. 'This native grass has developed an industry in cutting, curing and baling it for food for stock for summer and winter use. The prairie lands, after the natural grasses have been killed and the land put in a good state of cultivation, produce from one-half to one bale of cotton per acre, from twenty to forty bushels of corn, from ten to thirty bushels of wheat, from thirty to sixty bushels of oats, from eighty to 160 gallons of sorghum per acre, sweet potatoes from 100 to 300 bushels per acre, Irish potatoes from 100 to 300 bushels per acre, and the second crop of Irish potatoes can be grown the same year off the same ground from seed of the first crop; also vegetables, fruits, peaches, apples, plums, raspberries, strawberries, blackberries, both wild and cultivated, grow well. So far as tried cultivated grasses and flax do well.

Rice Culture.

Although the crop of rice grown in 1902 and 1903 for experimental purposes was grown under the most unfavorable circumstances the yield was from sixty to 100 bushels per acre. The crop of 1904 promises a greater yield. There are two plants south of Carlisle, fifty and seventy acres each. W. H. Fuller, who owns a rice plant in Louisiana, has the crop of seventy acres. His least estimate is eighty bushels per acre. He has a ten-inch cased well with sixty-foot strainer, the water rises to within twenty-six feet of the top of the ground, the supply is inexhaustible and is ample to water 160 acres. 'The United States Government, in connection with W. G. Vincenheller, director Arkansas Experiment Station, has put in a plant two miles west of Lonoke, eight-inch well 130 feet deep, thirty-foot strainer, cylinder pump and modern machinery with capacity to water 100 acres. 'The crop of ten acres for 1904 promises a yield of eighty to 100 bushels per acre. Rice culture has passed the experimental stage. It is now an assured fact, although the Government will continue the experimental station for a period of five years-'and give a thorough test of the different grades of rice and other crops that may be benefited by irrigation. Both prairie and timbered lands are well adapted to rice culture; the water supply is inexhaustible. This new industry promises a speedy revolution of farming interest in Lonoke County.

The soil is deep with a light gray or chocolate sandy finish with a clay subsoil. There is no hard pan or stone

Arkansas Rice Fields.

1.—Drilling the First Rice Well. 2.—The Flow of Water at the Completionof the Well. 3.—Crop of Rice September 1, 1904. 4.—Harvesting the Rice. 5.—Rice in the Shock. 6.—Threshing the Rice.

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in the soil. Cattle do well here. ~The cattle are largely native and produce a profitable yield both for the dairy and for the butcher. They have begun to improve by importing in a small way the better grades of blooded stock. This prairie is the best location for dairymen and stock raising in the whole country. The butter trade alone, produced in an ordinary way, brings a large revenue to the county.

At Carlisle, situated nine miles east of Lonoke on the "Rock Island System'? Choctaw, Oklahoma'& Gulf Railroad, is located two first-class creamery plants with a pay roll of $1,500 per month each.

The third or southern division is the heavily timbered country. The soil is deep and is a dark sandy loam with no stone. It is here that the bulk of the cotton is raised. This section never fails, never overflows, produces cotton, corn, garden vegetables of all kinds. Peas, pumpkins, potatoes, sorghum, apples, peaches, pears, quinces and plums all do exceedingly well. The tame grasses, clover, etc., thrive excellently. That part of this section accessory to transportation yields handsome profit from its valuable timber.

According to the census of 1900, there were 3,498 1arms in Lonoke County representing an area of 279,296 acres, valued at $3,537,060, including buildings. There are only 285 acres of Government land in this county- Improved and unimproved farm lands can be had- at reasonable prices.

There are 9,202 children of school age in this county, 5,417 white and 3,785 colored. 'There are $50,375 invested in school property in the county and the sum of $29,840 was expended in 1904 for the benefit of public free schools. in Lonoke County from taxation. The standard qualifications required for teachers for public schools are very high i111 point of education and emphatic as to morals.

The towns of Austin, Cabot, Carlisle and England have first-class public schools. Lonoke has one of the best regulated public high schools in the State. They made an elaborate showing in exhibit of school work at Chicago at the World's Fair in 1898, and was awarded diploma and medal for fine systematic work, and good literary work from the high school.

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Madison County.

Madison County is situated in the northwestern part of the State, with its northern boundary only about fourteen miles from the southern boundary of Missouri. It contains 838 square miles of area of generally broken lands, nearly one-half being mountainous and hilly; of the other half, which is level, about one-third is prairie and two-thirds alluvial lands. Population, 1900, 19,864.

Corn, wheat, rye, some cotton and tobacco, as well as all varieties of farm and garden vegetables adapted to this~ latitude, are raised here.

The yield of cotton, per acre, is from 600 to 800 pounds; of corn, forty to sixty bushels; of wheat, from fifteen to twenty-five bushels; of oats, from thirty to fifty bushels; of rye, fifteen to thirty bushels; of tobacco, 1,000 to 1,500 pounds; of sweet and Irish potatoes, from 250 to 300 bushels; of turnips, 400 bushels; or sorghum, 300 gallons syrup; and of field peas, forty bushels. The cultivated grasses do well, yielding as follows: Timothy, 2,000 pounds; redtop, 2,000 pounds; clover, 2,500 pounds; Hungarian, 8,000 pounds; and millet, 5,000 pounds per acre.

Fruits of all varieties do exceedingly well here, this county being in what is known as the "fruit belt" of the State. Apples, peaches, pears, and all the small fruits thrive well here.

Stock raising has been successfully carried on so far as introduced, the county being well adapted to its growth and development. Improved breeds have been introduced and are fast taking the place of the common breed.

The timbers of this county represent all varieties of oak, of which the white oak is the most abundant; walnut, cherry, hickory, sycamore, and gum. 'There are also large pine belts in the northern part of the county.

Our only transportation by railroad is over the St. Paul branch of the St. Louis & San Francisco, via Fayetteville, where we reach the main line.

There are many streams, not navigable, which furnish abundant running water at all seasons of the year. Among them are: White River, Kings River, War Eagle, Richland, Lollars, Wharton, Brush and Baldwin, creeks. For domestic purposes both springs and wells furnish good soft water. .

M.—5.

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Among the minerals discovered in this county are, zinc, coal, lead, iron, and good specimens of silver. Up to this time very little has been done to develop these resources.

There are some very fine mineral springs in this county, possessing curative properties, of which the most notable are the Parks and Chalybeate springs near Huntsville. There are several very fine sulphur springs also in different sections of the county.

The educational and social advantages are excellent. There are about 150 church houses in the county, represented

"by the Baptist, Methodist, Christian and Presbyterian denominations.

There are 6,924 children of school age in this county, 6,914 white and ten colored. 'There are 120 school houses in which free public school is taught from three to six months in the year. The sum of $14,256 was expended during the year 1904 for the benefit of the free public schools.

The principal towns are Huntsville, St. Paul, Kingston, Hindsville, Marble and Drake's Creek.

Huntsville, the principal town and county seat of the county, is one of the oldest towns in the State, being settled in 1830. It has a population of 550, good steam and water power flouring mills, four churches, one high school, one bank, two weekly newspapers, and is one of the leading shipping points in this county for live stock, flour, fruit and produce.

Marion County.

Marion County, the nucleus of the great zinc fields of Arkansas, is situated in the northern part of the State, having for its northern border the southern line of the State of Missouri.

This county has an area of about 640 square miles, of which nearly all is woodland. About 45,000 acres are under cultivation, the principal crops being corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, hay and fruits of all kinds suited to this latitude, all of which produce abundantly.

The surface of Marion. County is broken and hilly, the hills having usually an altitude of several hundred feet above the general level of the country. White River traverses the northern and eastern part of the county, and there are numerous other smaller streams tributary to it. In the central port of the county magnesian limestone crops out, and forms a higher, more abrupt, and entirely barren

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ridge, on which trees are scarce. West of Yellville the alternation of high steep, and sterile hills of the magnesian limestone, with low undulating ridges of fertile cherty limestone, shows. a remarkable contrast in. the vegetation, and consequently of both formations. The highest ridges of the county are overlaid by subcarboniferous sandstone, and are sometimes covered with a heavy growth of pine timber.

The lowlands of the county comprise the dark sandy loam, the first bottoms of White River and Crooked Creek. White River enters the county near the northwest, and runs near the line of the northeastern part of the county, where Crooked. Creek empties into it. Crooked Creek divides the county from west to northeast, and south of this creek the soil is generally dark sandy, easily cultivated, and is well adapted to cotton; northeast of the creek, the soil is dark with small patches of prairie. The hill lands have a gravelly clay soil.

The mineral possibilities of Marion County are unsurpassed by any county in the State, and perhaps any in the United States. The great zinc and lead fields of North Arkansas are now known and recognized in every mining center in this country. For the past few years investors and explorers have been pouring into this county, and our fame as a zine producing section has spread far and wide. More than a million dollars have been invested in these lands, and thousands of acres of claims have been located. Our ore, when assayed, proves to be as fine as that of Joplin or any other zinc producing district. We have ledges, or rather mountains, of it within the borders of this county that seem to be inexhaustible. Among the principal mines are, the Big Buffalo, Morning Star, Tar Kiln, and a hundred others, which space does not permit me to name.

The ore mined in this section is principally a high grade of zinc, being in form of sulphide, or sphalerite, which occurs in several varieties, distinguished chiefly by color, and known as "black jack," "resin jack,' "ruby jack," etc. The zinc blend ore will run from sixty to sixty-six per cent metal, and some of it nearly chemically pure. 'The ore in this region averages five per cent better grade than that in the Galena-Joplin district.

The principal mine of this entire section is the great "Morning Star," located near Yellville, and owned by English syndicates, which is held at $300,000. single piece of jack weighing 12,070 pounds, taken from the

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Morning Star mine, was awarded first prize on zinc at. the Chicago World's Fair.

So far as the extent of the ore deposits are concerned it is safe to say that it is so great that it is unknown. The prospecting that has been done has not uncovered the hundredth part of the ore bodies. The bedded deposits have had their outcrops uncovered only here and there. A few pieces of the many fissures have been located, and these have been examined at but few points. The synclinal accumulations and the brecciated deposits are unknown save where they have been hit upon almost or quite by accident.

While the activity in mining circles has not been as general as at some former time, yet no less than fifty new discoveries of zinc and lead deposits have been made in different districts of the county, and as many known deposits have been developed to the point of proving their value as ore producers, when equipped with necessary machinery, etc. The principal part of the development work thus done, is tributary to the main line of the White River Railroad. There are seventeen concentrating mills in Marion County, now in running order, or nearly so, and since July 1, 1903, over 1,000 tons of zinc concentrates has been marketed from our mines on trial runs and shipments, might be said in an experimental way, to satisfy the owners of the producing percentage of the mines, efficiency of the work of the mills, cost of transportation and standing of their ore in the market. Long wagon hauls, across mountains, from eight to sixteen miles, were necessary in order to get the ore to the railroad, the expense of which renders the operation of a number of our best properties impracticable under present conditions, though would pay good dividends under favorable facilities. All the output of our mines during the period named, entered the market along with Joplin ores and commanded a premium of $1 to $4 per ton over the best ores of that district.

The White River Railroad crossing this county from east to west, is completed to Yellville, the county seat of Marion County, and regular service is to be installed at once. The grading is done clear across the county and tracklaying in active progress on beyond Yellville. This road will be the means of many new mines going into operation this fall; though passing as it does between the two principal districts of the county, many properties of known value are missed so far that they cannot be successfully operated until

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spurs are run out into the districts north and south from the main line.

Farming and fruit interests are receiving more careful attention from our people now than ever before, since the certainty of railroad facilities, and most of our farmers are in prosperous circumstances. Thousands of fruit trees were put out last year, and almost every farmer is preparing to set more land in fruit trees and berries during the coming fall and spring. The disposition among farmers to sell out is nct so apparent as it was a year ago.

The Yellville Manufacturing Company turns out a general line of wagon and carriage furnishings, rebuilding, etc. The Yellville Cigar Company and the Yellville Bottling Works are new industries, all enjoying a good business.

Yellville, the largest town and county seat of Marion County, is located near the center of the mining region of Marion County. It has had a remarkable growth within the past four years, having almost doubled its population. It is the principal mining town of this section. It now has a railroad, three churches, good graded schools, a bank, two weekly newspapers, and has large mercantile and mining interests.

Miller County.

Miller County is in the extreme southwest corner of the State. and adjoins Texas thirty-seven miles on the west side, and Louisiana thirteen and one-half miles on the south side. Ths two State lines, with Red River on the north and east and partly on the south, inclose the county. Sulphur River runs nearly due east and parallel with Red River io the Arkansas line, then crosses the south end of the county and empties into Red River. These rivers are both navigable to points west of the State line between Arkansas and Texas, so that one may travel by steamboat across the county from east to west, and around the county on every side except the west and a small part of the south. The two Trivers mentioned are about twenty miles apart, and the bottom lands on each side of them are three to six miles wide. The topography of the county is, therefore, that of a beautiful plateau lying between these rivers, 100 to 200 feet above the rivers, and bordered with the bottom lands on the north, east and south.

The plateau is comparatively level, just rolling enough to drain well. The soil is thin but it produces ordinarily 500 to 1,000 pounds of cotton or twenty to forty bushels

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ef corn per acre; broom corn, peanuts, potatoes, oats, etc., in proportion. It has a clay subsoil that holds fertilizer, and is therefore capable of being made very rich. The bottom lands are classed among the finest in the world for productiveness, and easily produce 1,500 to 2,000 pounds of seed: cotton, or forty to seventy-five bushels of corn per acre, and other things in proportion.

The county is watered by numerous creeks and springs in addition to the rivers mentioned. Wells can be made in all parts of the county and an excellent quality of pure freestone water can be obtained at depths of twenty to forty feet. There are also many fine mineral springs in the county. :

This county will compare favorably with any county in the southwest for healthfulness, and the conditions in this respect will continue to improve as the county grows older and the lands are cleared and put in cultivation. The climatic conditions are so favorable that it is practically free from many diseases so prevalent in higher latitudes, such as diphtheria, smallpox, scarlet fever, etc., and thousands have come to this country with catarrhal, bronchial and lung troubles and have been entirely cured or greatly benefited by the climatic conditions alone.

The summers are long and the winters short. Farmers plant corn the latter part of February and the first of March. Frost rarely ever comes before November and frequently not until middle of December. The winters are so mild that fires are not required in residences more than two-thirds of the time during the winter. Zero weather has not been known here but one time in twenty years. The ground rarely ever freezes. The summers are warm but are tempered by the gulf breezes which make the nights pleasant. Sunstrokes are scarcely ever heard of.

Miller County is comparatively new both as to organization and settlement. The county was organized in 1875. There are about 700 square miles in the county, and of this there are only about one-seventh in cultivation, and one-half of this has been put in cultivation within the last fifteen years. The entire population of the county outside of the city of Texarkana was in 1880, 6,529; in 1890, 14,714; and in 1900 it was 17,558.

Lands are cheap now but are rapidly increasing in value as the county is settled up. Good, unimproved agricultural lands four miles or more from the city can be bought now at $3 to $5 per acre, and improved lands at

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$5 to $15 or more, according to improvements and distance from city.

The annual rainfall is about forty-six inches and the seasons are as regular as any other part of the United States. There has not been a drought here in the last twenty years that damaged the crops more than one-third. There has not been a snow four inches deep in the last twenty years ; nor one an inch deep in the last six years. Many head of stock live on the range, especially in the bottoms, all winter without extra feeding.

To the poor we would say we know of no country where it is so easy to procure homes in a healthful climate and on lands where a farmer may raise two crops in the same year on the same land; where the advantages of churches and public schools can be found in every community, and in a country where the expenses necessary to provide residences, fuel, clothing, feed and housing for stock and other expenses of living can be reduced to a minimum, and where a man need not lose one day in the year from his labors on account of cold or hot weather.

Texarkana, Ark., the county seat of Miller County, is situated on the plateau about equidistant from Red River on the north and east, and Sulphur River on the south, and is on the State line between Arkansas and Texas, and is separated from Texarkana, Tex., a city of the same size, by State Line Avenue, a street 100 feet wide. Politically there are two cities with two independent city governments, but commercially and socially they are one city with a common interest and a common destiny ; they are so regarded by all the people and are commonly called the 'Twin City."

Texarkana is only about twenty-five years old, and has a population of 4,914; has eight separate outlets by railroad. The Iron Mountain, the Texas & Pacific, the Transcontinental, and the Texarkana, Shreveport and Natchez railroads each has its terminus here. The Cotton Belt Railroad is operated under two charters, the Missouri and Arkansas corporation, and the Texas corporation, and both divisions have their termini here. The Texarkana & Fort Smith Railway was organized by local capitalists and its construction was begun from this place. Under the reorganization it is now a part of the Port Arthur Route, extending from Kansas City to the Gulf of Mexico, but the general offices are here. This is the largest railroad center south of Kansas City and west of the Mississippi River, but one, and that is 400 miles away.

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The city boasts of a $125,000 Federal courthouse and post office, a $60,000 county courthouse, a $75,000 union depot, about thirty churches, handsome public school buildings and magnificent public graded schools with two high schools, two colleges, a furniture factory, a chair factory, four foundries, one boiler works, one machine shop, car and foundry works, two cotton oil mills, one cotton compress, three lumber mills, one novelty works, one mattress factory, one grain elevator and mill, two gas plants, electric light plant, waterworks, one large ice plant, and various other smaller manufacturing plants.

Texarkana is the gateway to the great State of Texas. With such advantages for distributing her products over the many railroads which radiate in every direction, with a large and thickly populated territory on all sides, with excellent water supply, with a world of fine timber of all kinds in the immediate vicinity, and with coal, iron ore, gypsum, potter's clay, cement, chalk, antimony, near by, it is confidently believed that our city is destined to be a city of large size in the near future, and the rapid growth in the past, the prosperous conditions of the present, and the experience of all ages justify this belief. We have pushed to the front in the race for prestige in the commercial and manufacturing world, and we are yet in our swaddling clothes. With the advantages gained, we ought to continue in the lead.

The social, religious and political conditions are unique. We are a cosmopolitan and independent people made up from every State in the Union and from every civilized nation on the globe. Political parties are about equally divided. Nearly every religious denomination has its church. New comers can always find congenial, social, political and religious associates. We have unbounded faith in the future of our new city and country. Our prospects are brighter today than at any time in the past. We extend the cordial hand of welcome to all good people and the advantages of our city and country to all manufacturing enterprises that may wish to locate among us.

Mississippi County.

This county is, as its name indicates, contiguous to the Father of Waters. It is bounded on the north by the State of Missouri, and its northeastern corner is the most easterly point of the State; its entire eastern boundary is

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made by the Mississippi River, its southern boundary by Crittenden, and its western limit by Poinsett and Craighead counties. This county has an area of about 900 square miles, and a population of 16,384. The general face of the county is level with no mountains, hills or prairies. The soil is alluvial, a black sandy loam. About two-thirds of the land of the county is improved. 'There is but eighty-five acres of Government land in the county, and very little belongs to the State, and what there is was granted to the levee board by our legislature.

The price of land varies according to quality ; improved from $20 to $100; and unimproved from $5 to $10 per acre.

Cultivated grasses do well, and are grown very extensively. This is the home of alfalfa, and timothy and clover do well and yield from three to five tons per acre.

The principal and most important crops of the county are cotton and corn, which yield, cotton, 1,800 pounds, and corn, fifty bushels to the acre. Irish and sweet potatoes and turnips produce well, and yield from 250 to 300 bushels per acre.

Fruits, except for domestic consumption, are not grown, but when cultivated yield abundantly. The county affords excellent advantages for stock raising, and considerable interest is already being manifested in that industry.

The: resources of timber are immense. Cypress, ash, oak, cottonwood, walnut, hickory, and pecan are the chief timber woods. With the Mississippi River at our very door and numerous bayous and small rivers for floating leading to the Mississippi, lumber may be shipped with great facility.

The water used for domestic purposes from wells is mostly hard; there are few cisterns, but no springs. We have fifty public free schools with high schools at Osceola, and churches in every neighborhood. 'The educational and religious advantages of the county are unexcelled in the State.

Osceola is the county seat and principal town in the county, having a population of 953. It has several churches and school houses, and one of the finest courthouses in this part of the State.

Monroe, County.

Monroe County is situated in the eastern part of the State, in the White River Valley, and it is traversed in its western limits by the White and Cache rivers, navigable for

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- steamboats throughout a greater portion of the year. It has a population of 16,816, and an area of 616 square miles.

The whole country, while level in its general features, is sufficiently undulating to afford excellent drainage, but its elevation is in no place greater than forty feet above the high water level of White River, all of the lands being of alluvial formation. The southwestern portion of Monroe County contains about fifteen square miles of Grand Prairie.

Little better than one-fourth of the land of the county is improved; the principal crops grown being cotton, corn, oats, wheat, sorghum and potatoes. The cultivated grasses are grown to some extent and will do well. .

The average yield of cotton is about 1,500 pounds of seed cotton per acre; corn produces about forty-five bushels; wheat from fifteen to twenty bushels; oats sixty bushels per acre; while rye is chiefly sown for pasture; Irish potatoes yield from 200 to 250 bushels; sweet potatoes from 250 to 300 bushels, and turnips 300 bushels per acre. Sorghum, which is not cultivated very extensively, yields about 200 gallons of syrup per acre.

Of small fruits, strawberries, raspberries and blackberries are fine and abundant. Of large fruit, peaches, plums and apples succeed best, but all varieties of fruits, with the exception of cherries, may be successfully cultivated; provided they be suitable to this latitude.

Attention is being given of late to the raising of stock, which clearly demonstrates that no better stock country can be found anywhere, and with any attention at all stock will thrive well. Stock require but little feeding through the winter season.

All varieties of timber peculiar to this latitude can be found here. The eastern portion of the county furnishes about 100 square miles of pine; cypress is abundant in the river bottoms; all varieties of oak, except live oak, grow all over the county, of which the white oak attains great size and furnishes an abundant supply of wood for fencing and fuel. .

The facilities for marketing the products of the county are as good as could be desired. No part of the county is at any great distance from either a navigable stream or railroad. 'The main line of the "Rock Island System" Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad traverses the northern part of

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- the county, from east to west; the Arkansas Midland Railroad, running in the same direction, intersects the central part; the St. Louis Southwestern Railway, entering the northeast corner, passes through the entire length of the county, the Newport branch of the ''Rock Island System" Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf running north from Brinkley, and the Brinkley branch of the Arkansas Midland running from Brinkley to Pine City, form an iron network for transportation. White River forming part of the western boundary is navigable for BEES steamboats at all seasons of the year.

Schools and churches are plentiful, being found in every neighborhood in the county. Free public schools are open in most all the districts from six to nine months in the year.

Clarendon, the principal town and county seat of Monroe County, is situated in the center of a rich farming and timber district, and enjoys exceptional freight rates and shipping facilities. It has a population of 1,840; six churches, two public schools, white and colored; a private and high school for whites, an opera house, two banks, seven fraternal orders, one weekly paper, a stave and oar factory, shoelast factory, button factory, a foundry and machine shops, telephone system and electric lights.

Brinkley, the second town of importance in the county, is situated at the crossing of the "Rock Island System'' Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf and the St. Louis Southwestern railways. It has a population of 1,6485; six churches, good schools, two banks, electric lights and water works, an ice factory, saw and planing mills, cotton seed oil mill, stave and heading factories, machine shops, and two weekly newspapers.

Holly Grove, the third town in population in Monroe County, is situated on the Arkansas Midland Railroad, ten miles southeast of Clarendon, in the center of the main cotton belt of this section. It has five churches, graded schools, four cotton gins, and diversity of mercantile interests. There are nearly 10,000 bales of cotton marketed at this place annually. It has a population of 500.

Montgomery County.

Montgomery County is one of the western counties of the State, and lies in the valley of the Ouachita River and its tributaries, and about thirty-five miles east of the western

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boundary of the State. It is about equally divided by a mountain range, and has an area of 900 square miles, with a population of 9,444.

The general face of the county is much broken; ten per cent being mountains, fifty per cent being hilly, thirty per cent level, and ten per cent alluvial. About twenty per cent of all the lands are improved. Five thousand five hundred ninety-eight acres belongs to the United States and are subject to homestead entry, by actual settlers.

The principal crops of the county are cotton, corn, wheat, oats, and Irish and sweet potatoes and other farm products. Cotton will yield, per acre, 700 to 1,100 pounds of seed cotton; corn from twenty-five to forty-five bushels; wheat from fifteen to twenty bushels; oats from twenty to thirty-five bushels; sweet and Irish potatoes from 150 to 200 bushels.

The cultivated grasses are only grown to a limited extent, but so far as tried, do well. Fruit of all kinds thrives well all over the county.

Montgomery County is so situated as to make it peculiarly adapted to stock raising. But little attention has been given this industry so far, but sufficient to justify the assertion that when engaged in properly here, it will be a complete success.

There are valuable timbers in all parts of Montgomery County. Pine, white oak, red oak, post oak, sweet gum, ash and hickory are abundant; but there are no facilities for the shipment of these and other products, the county being forty miles from the nearest railroad, yet there will be a railroad built through this county in the near future, as the survey has already been made. 'The Ouachita and Caddo rivers are the largest streams we have in the county, neither being navigable.

There is an abundance of mineral in the mountains, the principal ones being, gypsum, lead, silver, slate, graphite and copper. So far but little development work has been done in these minerals, though the facilities for working them are excellent, fine timber and good water power being abundant. ;

Improved lands can be bought from $5 to $10, and unimproved from $2.50 to $5. 'The character of the soil in the bottoms is alluvial and a rich black loam; in the uplands a gray and red loam; and in the mountains the land is very fertile, but rough.

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The county is well watered. There are numerous creeks which run all the year. Water for domestic use is generally taken from wells and springs. There are many mineral springs, especially sulphur and iron, in the county, among which are the Maddox, Hutchinson, Ryder and Mayberry springs.

The educational and religious advantages of the county are good. 'There are fifty-eight public free schools, open from three to six months in the year, and the Buckville. High School, a good private institution.

The Baptist, Methodist, Christian and other. denominations are represented, most all of which have good church buildings.

The principal towns are Mount Ida, the county seat and largest town in the county, with a population of about 450. Black Springs, Buckville, Cedar Glades, Oden, and other smaller places are located in different parts of the county, making advantages for schools, etc., on an equal with those of most any county in the State.

This county offers excellent inducements to homeseekers on account of its products and resources which are undeveloped. Many mineral claims have been filed in this county recently.

Nevada County.

Nevada County is situated in the southwest corner of the State, and has an area of about 575 square miles. Population, 1900, 16,609. The face of the county is generally level, with no mountains. About one-fifth might be considered hills, there being about forty to fifty square miles of prairie. One-third of all the lands in the county are improved; 720 acres belong to the United States, and are subject to homestead entry ; about 15,000 acres belong to the Iron Mountain Railway, and are for sale.

Cotton, corn, oats, wheat, peas, rye and potatoes are the principal crops grown in this county. Cotton produces on hill land from 800 to 900 pounds of seed cotton per acre; on bottom land it will produce 1,500 pounds per acre; corn will yield from twenty to fifty bushels per acre; oats, from twenty-five to fifty bushels per acre. Irish potatoes will yield from 100 to 200 bushels, and sweet potatoes will yield from 150 to 250 bushels per acre; turnips, about 150 bushels, and field peas, about twenty-five bushels per acre.

The cultivated grasses do well here, but have not been grown to any great extent. Nevada County is peculiarly

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adapted to stock raising, and the success met with in the experimental steps indicate a bright future for the county in this industry.

Fruit, such as apples, peaches, plums, and almost all varieties of small fruits, do well here, and quite a good deal of attention is being directed along the line by our farmers.

Of our timbers, pine and oak grow in abundance, and along the streams large quantities of cypress are found in 'abundance. Facilities for transportation are good to the northern and western portion of the county. The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway passes through the northwestern corner of the county for about twenty miles. There are no navigable streams in the county, but the Little Missouri, Terrouse, Bodcaw, Big and Little Caney creeks would serve at some seasons of the year as good floating roads to the Ouachita River.

There are fine indications of mineral in the hilly portions of the county, especially of iron and coal. These prospects have not been developed to any great extent, and it is impossible to estimate just what our mineral wealth may be some day.

There are sixty-five free schools in the county, which are kept open from three to six months in the year, besides the "Tom Allen" High School at Prescott. There are churches of most all denominations scattered all over the county, and no community can be said to be deprived of the very best advantages along this line.

Prescott, the principal town and county seat of Nevada County, is situated on the main line of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway. It has seven churches, good public schools, the "Tom Allen" High School, two banks, two saw and planing mills, two brick yards, cotton gins, three weekly newspapers, and a population of 2,005.

Newton County.

This county is situated in the northern part of the State, and is included within the great mineral belt of North Arkansas. It has an area of 810 square miles, nearly all of which is woodland. 'The lands may be divided as follows: Siliceous lands, 630 square miles; and red loam region, 180 square miles.

There are about 35,000 acres of tilled land in this county, and cultivated principally in cotton, corn, oats, wheat, sorghum, and the different garden and farm vegetables, of which they yield well. Newton County is also

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located within the great fruit belt of the great Northwest, and most all kinds of fruits, including apples, peaches, pears, plums, all kinds of berries and most all varieties of grapes thrive well here.

Newton is said to be one of the most mountainous counties in the State, some of the peaks belonging to the Boston range attaining in elevation to more than 1,000 feet above the general level of the country. The surface is well timbered, and is mostly watered by the Buffalo Fork of White River, which flows eastward, while on the extreme south the streams flow into the Arkansas River. The chief timber growth is black, white, red, and post oaks, pine and hickory. The lands of the county, derived from sandstone, limestone, and other rocks of the region, are sandy and gravelly, though yielding good crops in corn, wheat, etc. There are some prairies on the north and northeast, having grayish loam soils and clay subsoils that yield from thirty to fifty bushels of corn per acre.

The county is yet sparsely populated, with an average of only about 15.5 persons per square mile, and the average of the lands in cultivation is only forty-three acres per square mile. Of the crops, corn predominates, cotton being next, with an acreage ten times greater than in Madison, and averaging three and thirty hundreds acres per square mile. Wheat and oats are also prominent crops. The cotton product per acre is much less than that for the State at large.

There is no railroad in the county, and therefore it remains undeveloped, though it contains vast resources of minerals, especially zinc and lead. It is included within the great zinc belt of north Arkansas. The timber growth is extensive, and the lands are admirably adapted to horticulture and the raising of grapes.

In this county is found the justly renowned cave, called "Diamond Cave,'' some four miles southeast of Jasper. This cave when well known will be one of the principal resorts of the State with wonder hunters as it contains a number of chambers bedecked with resplendent diamond-like crystals of various forms and richest colors..

The population of the county for 1900 is 12,583, showing a large increase within the past ten years.

There are yet 183,560 acres of Government land subject to homestead entry in this county, which is being rapidly taken up as shown by the last report of the United States Land Office at Harrison; which shows that within the past

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four years more than 60,000 acres have been entered. This county offers the most flattering inducements for colonies.

Jasper, the county seat and principal town of this county, is situated near the center. It has four churches, good graded schools, several saw and grist mills, three newspapers and a great diversity of mercantile and mining interests. Population, 300.

Ouachita County.

Ouachita County is situated in the Ouachita Valley. Its southern boundary is twenty-four miles north of the Louisiana line, and separated from that State only by Union County, which, together with Columbia County, forms the southern boundary; it is bounded on the west by Nevada, and on the north by Clark and Dallas, and on the east by Calhoun counties.

Population, 17,002; area, 730 square miles; yellow loam region, 675 square miles; alluvial, fifty-five square miles; tilled lands, 65,733 acres; area planted in cotton, 23,855 acres; in. corn, 21,924 acres; in oats, 567 acres; in wheat, 164 acres; average cotton production per acre, threefourths of a bale; corn, per acre, from twenty to fifty bushels.

Ouachita County has a rolling surface with areas of level uplands, and is well timbered with short-leaf pine, red and white oaks, hickory, etc. Ouachita River flows through it in a southeasterly course and receives all the drainage of the county on either side. The bottom lands of the river are from two to four miles wide, with buff-colored sandy soils and a timber growth of white and water oaks, large pines, beech, hickory, dogwood and ash, and an undergrowth of cane, etc. This land is said to produce a bale of cotton or forty to fifty bushels of corn per acre under fair cultivation. The light hummock lands along the creeks are also fine cotton lands, yielding from 1,000 to 1,500 pounds of seed cotton per acre.

The uplands embrace several varieties of soils, gray and red sandy and gravelly. The gray sandy lands cover the greater part of the county, interspersed with large areas of red sandy soils, and underlaid by red sands and clays to a depth of many feet. Their average yield is said to be from 500 to 800 pounds of seed cotton per acre. Red lands occur throughout the county, and are associated with ferruginous or iron-stone pebbles and gravel. 'Toward the

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northeastern part of the county the gravel is said to increase and the land to become redder.

Irish and sweet potatoes yield fine crops and produce from 200 to 800 bushels per acre. All kinds of fruit do well. Peaches and grapes deserve especial mention, as nowhere in the State do they grow larger or more delicious. Strawberries grow luxuriantly. Fine grazing and abundant running streams afford fine privileges and advantages for stock raising.

The supply of timber in the county is enormous. The county has over twenty sawmills scattered over her territory. The largest of these is situated at Camden, on the Ouachita River. The Ouachita River and two railroads are at present our shipping facilities.

In the hills above Camden, near the river, are found extensive beds of lignite coal. The value of this coal has recently been established officially by the report of the geological survey, which examined and tested it, as extracts from the report will show.

GOVERNMENT TEST BY THE PITTSBURG TEST- ING COMPANY, LIMITED, PITTSBURG, PA.

(It will be seen from this table that the Camden Lignite is superior, both in yield candle power of gas to the standard bituminous coals of Pennsylvania and England, and is inferior as a gas producer only to the best cannel coals. )

Character Cu. ft. of Gas Candle No. Source of Coal per ton of Power of Coal Coal Gas 1 Pignitereraencr Garni Getay Ar keg-ee., chepatun ott cnetcasse ie 11,386} 22.3 2 Bituninousses| Washington COmbasimess se cn ekte 9,880} 16.9 3 tL usMnotuse, sim ashing bon Co. aiss sis eesees aisle 9,920| 16.1 4 HicuMMnous se ew asiineton Cos barney session act. 10,120} 18.36 5 anne BeaveriCosi) ernie: . seisioe sie 10,160} 22.05 6 Cannel joss Kent Cheysae Seni sin coeahiks eats 12,540! 30.53 Upper Monongahela River 7 Bituminous . PittsburgiGas Co.) -. an: 9,500—10,000| 16.0 Silk Stone Seam, Yorkshire, 8 Bituminous . S eraVea te ate bie com ote A EAE ale ye ae 10,000—11,000| 15.17 9 Bituminous New Castle, England 1760)". 16302, (Average three typical coals) 10 Bituminous South Yorkshire, England 11,000} 17.0 11 Bituminous.. Derbyshire, England 10,500} 15.0 12 Cannel Coaler eocotch Cannel isa: js ie cea' s.< 12 350i) Sl. 0.

Underlying this coal are exhaustless beds of clay, possessing remarkable qualities for the manufacture of common fire, vitrified and ornamental brick and terra cotta work in all its varieties. There is also in close proximity to the coal a large field of superior building stone, jutting

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out on the bluffs of the river and easily accessible to transportation.

The Government, for a number of years, has been engaged in surveying the river with a view of improving and making it continuously navigable. This survey is now complete, and every assurance is felt that the engineer's report will recommend congress to make the appropriation necessary for the improvement.

This improvement would place Camden, the county seat, at the head of continuous navigation, and render it in both river and rail transportation unexcelled, and around it would grow industries that would make it the center of manufacturing enterprises.

Camden has a population of 2,840, was laid out as a town in 1839, and incorporated in 1844. It has good churches, good schools, banks, three good newspapers, electric lights, telephones, etc.

Perry County.

This county is situated in the central portion of the State, just south of the Arkansas River. It has an area of 622 square miles and a population of 7,294.

The surface of Perry County is hilly, somewhat mountainous and broken, and is largely timbered. Open prairies occur occasionally, interspersed with prominent hills and skirts of timber. The Arkansas River forms the northeastern boundary of the county, while the Fourche la Fave traverses the middle portion from west to east. The Petit Jean range of mountains, in the northern part of the county, have an elevation of from 500 to 800 feet above the general level of the county, gradually declining westward into Yell County, where it loses itself as a conspicuous landmark. The summits of the mountains and hills are formed of sandstones, underlaid by shales, etc., and have a timber growth of pine. The timbered lands of the county have usually sandy soils, with reddish clay subsoils, and have a growth of red, post, black and other oaks, hickory, etc. The prairies are small and their soils stiff, and are underlaid by cold, impervious clays, derived from the shales. The bottom lands of both the Arkansas and Fourche la Fave are broad, and are heavily timbered with walnut, ash, cottonwood, hickory, hackberry, etc., and very productive, yielding from 1,500 to 2,000 pounds of seed cotton per acre. An almost unbroken pinery stretches along the latter stream to the hills. The

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county is sparsely populated, with an average of about twelve persons to the square mile.

Seven thousand, four hundred and thirty-nine acres of the land in this county belong to the United States, and are subject to entry under the homestead law by actual homeseekers. There are about 30,000 acres in cultivation, the principal crops grown being cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, garden and farm vegetables, though corn is the chief crop. The county is very well adapted to stock raising, though but little attention has been given the industry so far. The cultivated grasses, so far as tried, all do well here.

Perry County, until less than four years ago, was entirely without railroad facilities, but the completion of the Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad through the county from northwest to southeast supplies this long and muchneeded advantage to aid us in marketing our products.

Since the completion of the above road a large number of sawmills, tie camps, etc., have been located in this county, and the working of the vast and almost inexhaustible timber supply is beginning to be prosecuted on a large scale.

There are good mineral prospects in different parts of the county, though none are yet developed to any great extent.

There are forty public schools in the county; also good graded schools at Perryville, the county seat. Churches of all denominations are located in nearly every community.

Perryville, the largest town and county seat, is located near the center of the county, three miles from North Perryville, on the Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad, the nearest railroad point. It has three churches, good graded schools, saw and grist mills, and a diversity of mercantile interests.

Phillips County.

Phillips County is situated in the eastern part of the State, on the Mississippi River. Has an area of 650 square miles, two-fifths of which is alluvial, level land. There are about 88,800 acres of land in cultivation in the county; of this 50,000 acres are planted in cotton, 20,000 acres in corn. 3,000 acres in wheat and oats, while several hundred acres are planted in cultivated grasses, fruit and truck farms. Alfalfa does fine in this county. The average production of cotton is from 350 to 500 pounds of lint to the acre.

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~The population of Phillips County for 1900 was 26,521. Its eastern border is the Mississippi River. The county, gen- - erally, has a level surface, except that portion occupied by Crowley's Ridge. This ridge, which reaches the river at or near Helena, is composed of sands, clays and gravel of the Quaternary period, and is well timbered. The soil is sandy, red or yellow in color, with a clay subsoil, and is said to stand droughts well, producing from forty to forty-five bushels of corn, twenty to thirty bushels of wheat, or 1,500 pounds of seed cotton per acre. The ridge flattens out westward, forming large bodies of level land, which is watered by Big Creek, and has, for the most part, a deep yellow or mulatto soil, with now and then small spots of an ashen color, probably the former beds of small ponds. These lands will produce, on an average, 1,000 pounds of seed cotton, twenty-five or thirty bushels of corn, and twenty bushels of wheat per acre.

The principal timber growth is sweetgum, but on the most elevated portions the growth is beech, poplar, red and white elm, mulberry, sweetgum, ash, white oak, walnut, sassafras and red maple.

In the southern portion of the county are the broad bottom lands of the Mississippi bottoms, interspersed with small lakes and bayous. In this section of the county we have large quantities of cottonwood, buttonwood and blue ash, with occasionally overcup oak and mulberry. A bale of cotton or seventy-five bushels of corn can be raised to the acre on this land. The alluvial land immediately adjoining the Mississippi River is a sandy loam, easily cultivated and very fertile, producing a bale of cotton to the acre.

Phillips County is one of the principal agricultural counties of the State, and the land under cultivation comprises more than twenty-five per cent of its area.

This county has most excellent transportation facilities. It has two railroads passing entirely through the county, besides the access it has to the waters of the Mississippi River.

This county is well watered for domestic purposes by natural springs, running creeks and artesian wells.

There are about ninety free schools in the county, which are kept open on an average of eight months every year. There is a high school for the colored at Southland, an academy for girls of the Catholic church, and high schools

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at Helena. Church houses can be found in every settlement, nearly all the denominations being represented in this county.

The principal towns are: Helena, on the Mississippi River; Marvell, Trenton, Poplar Grove and Barton.

Helena, the principal town and county seat of Phillips County, is one of the leading business points of the State. It has a population of 5,500, three railroads, electric light and gas plant, telegraph and telephones, fine opera house, two cotton compresses, four cottonseed oil mills, ice factory and bottling works, two box and one hoop factory, two sawmills of 80,000 feet capacity each, per day, three banks, good public schools, both white and colored, three private schools, nine churches and a fine brick public library, waterworks and a well equipped fire department.

At Barton, about ten miles from Helena, on the Arkansas Midland Railroad, there is now in course of construction a large cotton mill, with a capital stock of $125,000; also a large stave factory at Marvell, and one at Hicksville. There are many other sawmills at various points in the county.

Helena is one of the most healthful cities in the South. The water, taken from artesian wells, and supplied by the Helena Water Company, has been pronounced the best in the Mississippi Valley. It is also the principal cotton market of the eastern part of the State.

PEGE COEINEL Yo

This county is located in the southwestern part of the State, in the second tier of the counties east of the line of the Indian Territory.

Pike was formed into a county from territory taken from Hempstead and Clark counties in 1833, and the county seat was subsequently established at Murfreesboro. It has an area of about 600 square miles, and a population of 10,301.

The surface is partly rolling, partly mountainous, but a portion is also alluvial deposits, and the soil is rich and fertile. In the mountains minerals are found, but as yet not much development has been done. It is in this county where our large asphalt mines are. The county is watered by the Little Missouri River and its tributaries on the west, the St. Antoine Creek on the east, and Caddo Creek on the north, and affords good facilities for the raising of stock.

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The forests abound in pine of fine dimensions, and the bottoms have growth of oak, hickory, dogwood, hackberry, etc.

The chief products are corn and grain, but cotton can be raised in the bottoms in paying quantities.

The soil of Pike County, while overlying limestone, is

sandy and has comparatively little lime, but its vegetation matter 1s very high. There are about 40,500 acres of land in Pike County in cultivation, of which 9,000 acres are planted in cotton, 13,000 in corn, and 4,000 acres in wheat, 2,000 or 3,000 acres in wheat and oats, and the remainder principally in fruit.

Corn yields from twenty-five to fifty bushels per acre; cotton from 800 to 1,400 pounds seed cotton to the acre; wheat from ten to twenty bushels per acre.

Fruits of all kinds do well here. Peaches, apples, pears and most all small fruits can be grown successfully here. This county is also well adapted to stock raising.

There are yet 30,222 acres of government land subject to entry under the homestead act. Most excellent opportunities are offered in this county to colonies seeking homes. Thousands of acres of good agricultural lands are lying here untouched, the only object being that they are isolated.

Fine indications of minerals are found in all. parts of the county, from which it is evident that coal, zinc, copper, gypsum and silver abound in large quantities and will pay to be developed.

There are plenty of churches and schools in Pike County, both of which are liberally patronized by our people.

Our public free schools, of which there are seventyfour, are kept open from three to six months in the year, and there is a good graded school in Murfreesboro.

The principal town is Murfreesboro, the county seat, with a population of 350. Pike City, the terminus of the Southwestern Arkansas & Indian Territory branch of the Iron Mountain Railway, and principal town in the county, has a population of 750, good graded schools, churches, etc., and has a diversity of mercantile and mining interests.

Poinsett County.

Poinsett County extends forty-two miles east and west and eighteen miles north and south, and has an area of 756 square miles. It is naturally divided into four distinct types of soil. The east end of the county, embracing a strip

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about twenty miles wide, is traversed by the St. Francis River, the Tyronza River and the Little River, and was, in time past, previous to the building of the levee on the west' bank of the Mississippi River, subject to occasional inundation, and its soil is that type of soil found in overflowed lands, and is exceedingly prolific. Much of this area is yet covered with a magnificent growth 'of oak, ash, cottonwood, elm and gum, with occasional brakes of cypress. Less than fifteen per cent of this land has been cleared and put in cultivation, but the excellence of the soil makes these farms of such value that it 1s almost impossible to buy an improved farm in this part of the county for less than $40 per acre, for this rich sandy land is easily cultivated, and a yield of corn of seventy-five bushels per acre and a bale of cotton to the acre is a common crop. Large tracts of these lands are held by sawmill owners, who are slowly cutting into lumber the timber on these lands, and as the timber is consumed the land is gradually coming into the market for actual settlers.

Next to the St. Francis Basin, as the lands just described are commonly called, les Crowley's Ridge, an irregular strip about four miles wide, consisting of a mass of water-worn stones and gravel, well mixed with various colored sands and red and yellow clays. This ridge is about 150 feet above the level of the St. Francis Basin, and was in time past one splendid forest of white oak, the most of which has found its way to the lumber markets of the world. The soil of Crowley's Ridge is prolific, but given to washing when long cultivated unless some care is taken in the manner of its cultivation. 'This ridge seems to be the natural home of the vine and the apple and the peach, and orchards flourish with little care. Where the older forest trees have been removed and no effort made to cultivate the land, there is an unusual growth of what is termed second growth white oak, which, if undisturbed, would in time clothe all the hills and the narrow valleys with that wonderful solid white oak forest that existed here fifty years ago. A considerable portion of the ridge was long since settled, and along both sides are farm houses that overlook the broad field on the lower land.

Lying immediately west of Crowley's Ridge, and extending for some twelve miles, is a level valley drained by the L'Anguille River. It is interspersed with small prairies, and the remainder still consists of forests of white oak, red oak, hickory, with some gum, elm, overcup .oak

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and post oak, some of which has found its way to market through the sawmills and stave factories, but large tracts yet remain that have not been touched. 'This land is a gray soil that is commonly too wet in the spring and too dry in the fall to be easily cultivated. Once in a while there comes a year that has but little rainfall in the spring months but with plenty of summer 'rains, and such years bring large crops to the farms in this valley, all of which indicates that, while the soil is good, it will never be a reliable farming belt until there is a system of drainage perfected. Several large drains are now under consideration.

There is now a public ditch twelve miles long in this territory which adds a great deal to the value of the farms and this land is held in comparatively small tracts and can be bought for very reasonable prices.

The west end of the county is drained by the Cache River, and consists of rich black lands with excellent timber, especially red oak of the most excellent quality. Much of this land is too wet to be farmed, except of the dryest years, but the quality of the soil is splendid. In a few instances farmers have succeeded in getting their land fairly well drained, and these farms show what this part of this county will be, when enough settlers make their homes here to take up the question of drainage with vigor.

Abundant supply of water is found in all parts of the county at moderate depths, but many farmers are putting down deep wells, from eighty to 100 feet deep, and using windmills to raise water for stock.

The natural grasses abound all over the county, and large herds of cattle are raised that receive practically no attention from owners save to brand them and turn them out. Now that all danger from overflow in the St. Francis Basin is past, many cattle owners in that part of the county especially are taking increased interest in their herds, and a gradual improvement in the grade of the cattle on the range is apparent. But little attention has been given to the raising of domestic grasses for grazing, for there is yet an abundant range that is not now supporting more than one-fourth the cattle that it could sustain. Herd's grass and timothy and cowpeas furnish excellent crops for hay when properly sown. The bulk of the hay raised by farmers is cowpea hay, and aside from being somewhat difficult to cure, is a most excellent feed. The clovers grow to mammoth size. Bermuda grass promises to be a factor in the

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future pasture of the county, for it grows well on all-the lands alike, and stands the heat of summer better than any other grass. It is yet an open question whether blue grass will be a success here, for it has received but little attention.

The staple crop of the county has all along been cotton, but corn is slowly becoming the greater crop, and wheat and oats are now found on almost every good farm, and both crops, under favorable culture, have given satisfactory returns.

Some of the finest apples in the State are grown here, but our most prolific fruit is the peach, which grows everywhere nearly, where cattle and horses are kept from destroying the trees, and the quantity and quality of our peaches are unsurpassed.

Under Crowley's Ridge is found veins of a soft coal, commonly called lignite, and some traces of lead have been found, and some very interesting clays, but practically no real: investigation has ever been made of the possible mineral resources of this county.

The Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis Railway runs through the east end of the county, the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway crosses the center, and the St. Louis Southwestern Railway traverses the west end, thus giving each part of the county access to railroads. All along these lines are found sawmills, stave factories and cotton gins.

The principal towns are: Harrisburg, the county seat; Weiner, Fisher, Greenfield, White Hall, Tyronza, Mosher and Marked Tree, all railroad towns. Marked Tree, on the St. Francis River, consisting a few years ago of a halfdozen houses, now has a system of electric lights, and has stores made comfortable by electric fans. Quite a number of the sawmills have iron rail tram roads, with regular locomotives and cars for their own use.

Taking it all in all, Poinsett County is yet a new country, with varied and excellent opportunities for farmers with energy, however small their means may be.

The public school is all that could be asked, and thirty school houses, with terms of school averaging about eight months each year, insures good educational advantages for its people.

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Polk Countn,

Polk County is located in the extreme western portion of the State, has an area of 945 square miles, nearly all of which is woodland. The general nature of the land in this county is a red loam.

There are about 70,000 acres in cultivation. The principal crops grown are corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, alfalfa, clover, and the different kinds of garden vegetables suited to this latitude.

There are 172,000 acres of government land in Polk County still open to settlers under the homestead act, but these lands are being taken up rapidly.

The county is traversed by fifty-two miles of the Kansas City Southern Railway, which has aided greatly in the development of the resources of the county. Several new towns have sprung up since the building of the road and the facilities for transportation thus attained are aiding us in putting our boundless natural resources before the public. It has been the means of increasing our population from 9,280 in 1900 to 25,000 in 1904, an increase of 17,000.

Polk County was formed in 1844 out of the territory of Sevier County, and the county seat was located at Dallas, but upon the completion of the Kansas City Southern Railway the county seat was changed to Mena. The county is situated on the western border of the State, joining the Indian Territory. Its northern boundary being the Rich Mountains and bounded on the south by many mountains of picturesque grandeur, the main part of the county covering a beautiful valley looking to the eastward and traversed by many beautiful streams of clear, rippling water—most notably the Ouachita, Cossatot and Mountain Fork rivers, which furnish ample water facilities for stock and other purposes.

The surface of the county is about one-third broken, being mountainous in the northern and southern portions, the remainder of the county consisting of level valley lands. The average fertility of the soil is good, and the usual crops, corn, cotton, wheat, oats, sorghum, alfalfa and clover, are erown. 'There are good paying mineral resources, consisting of manganese, lead and zinc ore, with traces of silver and gold in the southern, northern and eastern portions of the county, which are attracting eastern capital. The county has rich deposits and mountains of fine red, black and green

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slate. The slate and other minerals of the county are beginning to attract the attention of foreign capitalists, and many thousands of dollars have been invested in these resources. Iron, coal and copper have also recently been discovered.

This county is particularly adapted to the raising of stock. Grasses do well here, and the county is supplied with an abundance of springs and streams of pure running water. Some attention has been given to this industry of late, and the result has been flattering. Such improved breeds as have been imported do nicely.

There are churches of all leading denominations in all parts of the county. We have seventy-two public free schools, in which school is held from three to ten months each year. ie

We have one of the finest fruit counties in the State. It is especially adapted to apples, peaches, pears, plums, apricots and cherries. Grapes do no better anywhere, and no country is better adapted to growing all small fruits, such as blackberries, strawberries, raspberries, gooseberries and the wineberry.

Of the principal towns, we have Mena, the county seat, with a population of over 4,000, and located on the Kansas City Southern Railway, in the northwestern. part of the county. It was first settled in the year. 1896. It has electric lights, telephone service and waterworks system, three weekly and two daily newspapers, two banks, thirtythree retail stores and three wholesale houses. We have a railroad division, both passenger and freight, and repair shops, a nice new brick public school building that will accommodate 1,000 pupils, Methodist Hendrick's Academy, a commodious new brick building with dormitory home. We also have other schools, nine churches, opera house, parks and springs of overflowing life-giving pure waters.

PUP eeUN LY.

This county has an area of about 500,000 acres of land, considerably broken, one-sixth of which is mountains, the highest elevation being 2,150 feet, one-sixth hills, one-third level and one-third alluvial. Of prairie there is comparatively none. It has a population of 21,715.

There are about 90,000 acres of improved lands, and there are now no lands in this county belonging to the United States; several thousand acres belong to the Little

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Rock & Fort Smith Railway, and are for sale, and a few thousand acres belong to the State, which may be bought or taken up under our donation law.

The principal crops grown are corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, cotton, tobacco and vegetables. Cotton produces well; on hill land 800, and on bottom land 1,600 pounds of seed cotton to the acre. The average yield of corn per acre is about forty-five bushels, of wheat sixteen bushels, of oats forty bushels, of rye twenty-five bushels, potatoes, both Irish and sweet, from 200 to 300 bushels, and field peas forty bushels. Tobacco produces about 1,200 pounds, timothy 2,000, redtop 2,500, millet and Hungarian grasses from 3,000 to 3,500 pounds per acre. Sorghum yields upon an average of about 100 gallons of syrup to the acre.

All varieties of fruit are successfully cultivated in this county. Peaches are nearly always a sure crop, apples do well, and grapes thrive exceedingly well anywhere in the county.

All kinds of live stock can be successfully raised here. Hogs, horses and cattle have been given most attention. The industry is comparatively in its infancy, but enough has been experienced to show that it can be made a success.

This is also a good timber county, and all the varieties of the valuable timbers are to be found here. White oak, pine, cypress, overcup, red, black and post oak, are to be found in large and paying quantities, and our facilities for the shipment of lumber are as good as any county in the State.

The Little Rock & Fort Smith Railway runs east and west for twenty-five miles across the southern part of the county, and the navigable waters of the Arkansas River forms its southern boundary for a distance of thirty miles. There are other streams, Cabin Creek, Illinois Creek and Point Remove Creek, which, however, are not navigable.

Coal is found in this county in large quantities, and is being extensively worked. The output is steadily increasing all the time, the fine quantity of coal always finding a ready market.

The general features of the soil are black, sandy loam and "buckshot" in the bottoms, and sandy loam in the uplands. The county is well watered; in the winter and spring by creeks and branches, in the summer by good wells and fine springs. Some of the streams in this county never

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fail in an ample supply, making it especially adapted for stock raising.

The educational facilities are as good as common schools afford, there being schools in all the districts, which are kept open from three to ten months in the year.

All denominations seem to be represented by prosperous churches throughout the county. Methodists, Presbyterians, Cumberland Presbyterians, Missionary and Hardshell Baptists, Christians and Catholics are represented, all having good houses of worship in different parts of the county.

Russellville, the judicial seat of Pope County, located on the Little Rock & Fort Smith Railway, at the junction of the Dardanelle branch, is the principal town in the county. It has six churches, public and private schools, two banks, machine shops, a wagon factory, flour and grist mills, cotton gins, two weekly newspapers and one daily, and a great diversity of mercantile interests. Its population in 1900 was 1,832. 'There are other incorporated towns in this county.

Prairie, County.

Prairie County is situated in eastern Arkansas, with its western border extending within thirty miles of Little Rock, the State capital. It is almost a level plain, embracing within its limits very little uneven or broken land, the lands being chiefly rich bottom lands, and what we term here timbered uplands and prairie, both of which are productive, and, while not rough or broken, are well drained by small streams, which empty into larger streams, to find an outlet into White River. It contains 460,800 acres of land. There are several thousand acres of State land subject to donation, and 440 acres are still owned by the United States Government. The population of Prairie County, census of 1900, was 11,875. The soil is very productive, varying in color according to locality. On the ridge land it is a dark gray; on the bayous or creeks, of a brown hue, from eighteen to twenty-four inches in thickness and very mellow; in the river bottoms and on the surrounding hills, situated between Cache and White rivers, it is a black alluvial, with a substratum of sand.

Nearly all products which can be grown in this latitude can be successfully cultivated here. The principal crops of the county, however, are cotton, corn, wheat, oats, sugar cane, potatoes and hay. In favorable seasons the yield of

"APUNOH SlAtetg Ul WNYsI0g SuLangoejnueypy

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all these is fine. German millet, Hungarian, redtop, timothy, blue grass and red clover produce well; tobacco and rice also do well here. 'The prairie in this county is adapted to the rice culture, and the success met with in the experimental steps indicate a bright future for the county in this industry, and from this fact the prairie lands are greatly enhanced in value. Garden vegetables of all kinds yield abundantly.

Fruits of all varieties are grown here with great profit. Apples, peaches and pears bear abundantly, and plums seem to do better here in soil and climate than in almost any other part of the State. Grapes bear prolific. The Concord, Ives Seedling, Hartford, Norton's Virginia, Delaware, Little Red and Scuppernong are the favorite varieties. Mulberries, strawberries, blackberries, dewberries, hackberries, cherries, muscadines and wild grapes are found in all wooded parts of the county in great quantities.

Uplands yield about 1,000 pounds of seed cotton per acre, and bottom lands about 1,600 pounds. The average yield of corn on uplands is thirty-five bushels, and on bottom lands about fifty bushels per acre. The average yield of wheat on uplands is twenty bushels, of oats from fifty to seventy-five bushels, Irish potatoes 200 bushels, sweet potatoes 150 to 200 bushels per acre. Sorghum produces from 100 to 125 gallons of syrup per acre, and field peas from fifty to seventy-five bushels per acre.

The putting up of hay has become a considerable industry in this county. The hay is made on the prairies from prairie grass, is baled and shipped by the car load to distant markets, and while only a few years ago there were not more than three or four points where hay was put up, now there are sheds, presses and side tracks almost at every station on the Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad.

Fruit raising also has received a great deal of attention of late years. Strawberries, tomatoes, early beans and earliest varieties of plums, peaches and apples are made remunerative in distant markets. ;

The raising of cattle, however, has become one of the greatest industries of the county, large bodies of prairie being inclosed with wire fencing, and are turned into stock ranches. Cattle are being constantly shipped to markets at Little Rock, Memphis and St. Louis. Cattle do well in this county, and stock raising is now considered one of the most remunerative enterprises in the county. Our winters

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are short and mild, and stock requires but little attention or feed. There are about 150,000 acres of prairie land in this county, situated principally south of the Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad, which are being rapidly bought up for grain farms and cattle ranches.

Water for domestic use is generally from wells at a depth of from twenty-five to fifty feet. It is pure and healthy, except near the rivers and bayous.

Our school facilities are among the best in the State. We have public schools in every neighborhood in the county. At Des Arc, at DeVall's Bluff, Hazen and Hickory Plains are very fine public high schools.

Nearly all the religious denominations are represented in this county, all having large congregations and commodious buildings.

Our timbers consist of all varieties of oaks, black jack, hickory of all kinds, cypress, willow, black gum, walnut, dogwood, cherry, chinquapin, sycamore, cottonwood, redbud, ash, tupelo gum, maple, box elder, hackberry, sugar maple, redwood, elm, pecan, persimmon, sassafras, etc., all in good quantities.

The streams of the county are: White River, running through the eastern portion a distance of forty miles; - Bayou Des Arc, running east and west through the northern part; Bayou Wattensaw, running east and west through the middle, and the La Grue and Bayou Two Prairie, running through the southern and southeastern parts of the county, and Cache River on the eastern border,

Among the principal towns of the county are: Des Arc, the county seat, with a population of 650; DeVall's Bluff, situated in the southern part of the county on the White River, also one of the county seats, has a population of 625; Hazen, the third town in size in Prairie County, is situated on the Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad, on White River. It has two churches, a good school, a bank and one weekly newspaper. Population, 450.

Pulaski County.

Pulaski County is generally spoken of and regarded as the central county of the State, being by rail equidistant from the Missouri and Texas State lines, 150 miles; 135 miles from the Mississippi River on the east, and 150 miles to the line of the Indian Territory on the west. It has a population of about 63,179, two-thirds of which reside in

Pulaski County Court House.

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Little Rock, including Argenta, the city north of the Arkansas River. This river crosses the county diagonally from west to east, is navigable for good-sized steamboats, and the uniform width in the county is about one-quarter of a mile.

The county in area is 781 square miles, and it is threefourths hilly, the balance alluvial; there is no prairie land in the county. The timber area, consisting of pine, oak and cypress, is large and valuable.

While cotton and corn are the principal crops, attention is now given to wheat growing, and the yearly crop shows a steady and large increase, being consumed by mills in this city. Potatoes do well, and truck farming is profitable. Wheat, oats; barley, millet, clover, timothy, orchard grass, etc., do well. The cotton raised in the Arkansas Valley in this county is a very fine, long staple, ranking second only to Sea Island, and has taken the first premium wherever shown, especially strong competition being at the Philadelphia Centennial and New Orleans Exposition.

In addition to its great navigable river, Pulaski County is gridironed with railroads, the main line of the Iron Mountain passing through the county; the Little Rock & Fort Smith, the Little Rock, Mississippi River & Texas, the St. Louis Southwestern, the Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf and the Little Rock & Hot Springs W estern all contribute to our transportation facilities.

Minerals and valuable clays are sane ree 'with silver, is found in the northern part of the county, notably the region known as the Kellogg lead mines. The recentlybuilt Little Rock & Hot Springs Western Railroad through the southwestern part of the county has developed vast fields of bauxite ore, which is being shipped daily by the car load to both Chicago and Pittsburg, Manganese is found in the western part, and iron in the southwest. Inexhaustible quarries of fine granite are found throughout a large area, even to the limits of the city of Little Rock. Slate deposits of a high grade are being developed, and kaolin is abundant.

Little Rock, the capital of the State of Arkansas, is the county seat, and also the largest city in the State. It is both a manufacturing and a commercial city, and the educational, social and political center of the State. It is growing rapidly, and while the issuance of bonds is prohibited by the State Constitution, it is making rapid advancements in the way of improvements, work of this character being accomplished under the improvement district plan. The area of

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the city is 11.45 square miles; the number of miles of streets open, 240; the number of blocks paved with granite, twelve; paved with brick, thirty-two; miles of streets Tel-

Cotton Scene, City of Little Rock. ford and Macadam pavement, eleven and forty-two hundredths; miles of streets graveled, forty-seven and sixty hundredths; miles of streets graded, 110; miles of sewers,

Cotton Scene, City of Argenta. twenty-eight; miles of sewers under construction, fifty ; area of city park, thirty-four and sixty-six hundredths acres, area of private parks open to the public, fourteen acres.

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There is an electric car service, waterworks, paid fire department, fine graded school system, colleges, convents, hospitals, State institutions, parks, etc. The number of industrial plants now reaches 139, including the largest compress in _the world. There are two telephone companies, two telegraph companies, and two express companies. The church membership is 12,000, society is of the best, and the city is one of good homes and prosperity. The population of Little Rock in 1903 was 42,036, but since that time two wards were cut off and the town of Argenta formed, which decreased the population of the city of Little Rock about 4,000.

Randolph County.

Randolph County is located in the northeastern corner of the State, joining the Missouyi line on the north. It embraces an area of 700 square miles of fine agricultural lands. 'The western portion of the county is generally hilly and broken, the eastern portion mostly level, the soil in the latter portion being nearly all alluvial, with a mixture of sand, rendering them easy for cultivation. The hills and uplands are well suited for the cultivation of fruit and for stock raising, which has recently engaged considerable attention. 'This county is well and favorably adapted, and affords fine facilities, owing to the number of springs and creeks of good wholesome water, and abundant pasturage. Stock keeps fat all during the year, and hogs, finding an abundance of mast in the woods, require no feeding, and are fattened at a very small cost.

About one-fourth of the county is raptovede 20,290 acres belong to the United States, and may be entered under the homestead act by actual settlers; some few thousand acres belong to the State, and may be donated. Improved lands may be bought from $2 to $50 per acre, and unimproved lands for from $1 to $6.50 per acre. In the bottoms the soil is a deep black sandy loam, loose and friable; in the hills, black loam, with a clay foundation. The lands produce well anything that may be grown in this latitude and climate.

Cotton has so far been the principal staple, but corn, wheat, oats, rye, Irish and sweet potatoes, turnips, sorghum and peas are grown with success, and yield abundant returns to all those farmers who have diverged from the old beaten track and have thrown aside the destructive theory of one crop. cultivation. Cotton produces on uplands 700 pounds

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of seed cotton, on bottoms, 1,500 pounds per acre. The average yield of corn on hills is thirty bushels, on bottoms, seventy-five bushels per arce; wheat produces fifteen to twenty bushels; tobacco, 1,000 pounds; oats, forty bushels; rye, twenty-five bushels; Irish and Sweet potatoes, 100 to 200 bushels; turnips, 300 bushels; sorghum, 100 gallons syrup, and field peas, twenty-five bushels per acre.

The cultivated varieties of grasses succeed well. Clover, timothy, redtop, millet and Hungarian grass yield abundantly.

So far there has not been a great deal of attention given to fruit as a market crop, yet there is no better fruit land and climate in the world. All the varieties of apples, peaches, pears, quinces, plums, cherries, grapes, strawberries, raspberries, gooseberries, blackberries and dewberries succeed well here.

The principal growth of timber in the uplands consists of oak, hickory and ash; gum, cypress and tupelo abound in the bottoms, and there are in the county five rivers navigable for logs.

The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway and the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis Railway touch the county, and Black River, Current, Fourche, Eleven Points and Spring rivers all abound in many excellent fish. In the western part of the county are found lead, zinc, iron and manganese, but these are not developed to any great extent. The population of the county, census 1900, was 17,156.

There are seventy-four school houses in the county, in which school is taught from three to ten months every year. There are church houses, representing nearly all the Protestant denominations, scattered all over the county.

We have some excellent mineral springs. Ravenden and Warm Springs, which have been developed, and are specifics for general debility, dyspepsia, dropsy, ulcers, kidney troubles, scrofula, sore eyes and numerous other diseases.

some of the principal towns of this county are: Pocahontas, the seat of government of the county, with a population of 967, is the largest town in the county. It is located at the terminus of the Hoxie, Pocahontas & Northern Railroad, and on Black River. It has large sawmills and other factories. Ravenden, Warm Springs. Walnut Hill and O'Kean, population of each ranging in the neighborhood of 300.

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St. Francis County.

Population, 17,157; area, 620 square miles. 'The center of the county is traversed with a chain of hills running from the north to the south, from four to six miles in width, with an elevation of sixty to one hundred feet above the surrounding country, and is known as Crowley's Ridge. The ridge begins at Cape Girardeau, on the Mississippi River, and terminates at Helena, Ark., on the said river. Just east and parallel is the St. Francis River. There are about 140,000 acres of land lying east of this river, and in what is known as the great St. Francis Basin, and is comprised of black sandy loam and black "buckshot" or waxy land, which cannot be surpassed for their productiveness, the soil ranging from three to seven feet deep. The "buckshot" lands are difficult to cultivate in wet seasons, but are easy to cultivate in dry seasons, and never fails from drought. It is especially adapted for the cultivation of corn and cotton and all varieties of vegetables.

Crowley's Ridge produces, when well cultivated, from 800 to. 1,200 pounds of seed cotton per acre and from twenty-five to sixty bushels of corn per acre. It is well adapted to all kinds of fruit. West of this ridge is a level plateau of land extending forty miles, or to the White River. It is drained by the L'Anguille River and tributaries.

These lands are fertile and productive. While they grow fine cotton, they are better adapted to the growth oi cereals and grasses. Timothy, redtop and clover all do well on these lands, yielding as much as any of the middle or . western states per acre.

There are several towns in this county, the principal one being Forrest City, the county seat, having a population of 1,861. There are two railroads crossing each other at right angles at Forrest City, near the center of the county, the Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad and the Helena branch of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway.

There are numerous mills in this county cutting the timber, and lands are being rapidly put into cultivation after the timber is cut.

Forrest City has a telephone system, electric lights, ice plant and an oil mill.

The Forrest City Times, a live newspaper, is edited at Forrest City.

Sl

Saline, County.

Saline County, centrally located, is bounded on the north by Perry and Pulaski counties, on the east by Pulaski County and the Arkansas River, on the south by Jefferson, Grant and Hot Spring counties, and on the southwest and west by Garland and Perry counties, embracing within its limits 489,442 acres of territory, the western portion of which is mountainous and hilly, the eastern and southern level, about equally divided, hilly and level. The creek and bottom lands are good, rich soil, and some of the level land is alluvial. No prairie.

About one-fourth of the lands are improved; 37,107 acres still belong to the United States and is subject to homestead entry; a few thousand acres still belong to the State.

The prices of land vary according to location. For improved, from $5 to $30; unimproved, from $1 to $5. The soil in the bottoms is black loam, in the uplands gray and black sands, and in the mountains rocky.

Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, sweet and Irish potatoes, turnips and all other farm and garden products suitable to this latitude can be grown here successfully and yield good results.

Cotton produces on upland 800 pounds, on bottom lands 1,400 pounds of seed cotton per acre. Corn yields from twenty-five to forty bushels; wheat, from fifteen to twenty-five bushels; tobacco, from 700 to 800 pounds; oats, from twenty-five to forty bushels; Irish potatoes, 150 bushels; sweet potatoes, 200 bushels; turnips, 175 bushels; sorghum, 100 gallons of syrup; field peas, sixty bushels per acre. Redtop, orchard, timothy, millet and herd's grasses and clover are grown and yield from 4,000 to 5.000 pounds per acre.

Fruits do well in this county. Peaches, apples, pears, grapes and strawberries being the principal ones grown for the market. Of the Concord and Delaware grapes the yield is good and abundant.

Considerable attention has been given in recent years to the raising of stock, and horses, mules, cattle and sheep all do well here.

All uplands are well timbered with pine. There is an abundance of white oak in the bottom lands, but very little cypress. The facilities for marketing lumber are generally

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good. The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway and the Little Rock & Hot Springs Western Railroad furnishes transportation, and the Saline River, with all its tributaries, in seasons of high water, are excellent float roads to the Arkansas River, though otherwise they are not navigable.

Silver, iron, zinc and lead have been found in this county. The bauxite fields of this county rival those of Georgia, and, aside from recent large investments, there is being a large amount of the product of these mines shipped to Pittsburg, where it is reduced.

We have a large number of saw and grist mills in this county; also several stoneware factories. We have some of the finest grades of kaolin found anywhere in the State; also some fine slate quarries.

There are a large number of churches of. most all denominations in all parts of the county. We have eightyeight public free schools, besides several high schools, which furnish the most excellent opportunities for education.

Benton, the principal town and county seat of Saline County, is situated on the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway at the crossing of the Little Rock & Hot Springs Western Railroad. It has three churches, a graded public school, a bank, sawmills and cotton gins, and three weekly newspapers. Population, 1900, 898.

Scott: County.

This is among the oldest counties of the State, having been created in 1833. It has an area of about 1,000 square miles, a population of 13,183; is a typical Arkansas county, and one in which are found all the elements for a prosperous and progressive community. The face of the county presents undulating timber hills, valleys and table lands, the prices of land ranging according to quality and improvements, from $2 per acre upwards.

There are 17,785 acres of Government land in this county still open to homestead entry. The great inducements offered here to the homeseeker have brought many strangers within our borders; still there is room for others.

The roads of the county run east and west on account of the contour of the country. One of the main roads runs north and south, and is called the line road, on account of its close proximity to the line of the Indian Territory,

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being the principal route for travel from the Arkansas River to Texas.

Four streams and their tributaries cross the county, viz: Petit Jean flows an easterly course close to the northern boundary; Dutch Creek traverses for twelve miles its eastern part, flowing northeast, and Poteau River, flowing thirty miles through the center of the county in a westerly direction, and the Fourche la Fave River, which rises in the extreme southwestern corner of the county, and flows for fifty miles through on its way to the Arkansas River, being bordered by rich valleys, with as good and productive land as there is to be found in this or any other State.

The average elevation of the county is about 700 feet in the valleys, and the highest mountain point is about 2,000 feet above the sea level.

Water is abundant for all purposes, including manufacturing, and can be had by sinking wells, from twelve to fifteen feet. There are many noted mineral springs equal to any in this State, except Hot Springs.

The soil is generally a sandy loam and will produce anything which is indigenous between the tropics and the Canada line. Corn, wheat, oats, rye and barley grow well here, and so do all kinds of grasses, and as for fruit and vegetables, the world cannot beat us. Many large orchards and vineyards in the county give evidence of the productiveness of our soil and climate, and as the native grapes are almost as fine in size and as delicious in flavor as cultivated grapes, it shows that this county is the natural home of the rape.

Cotton is a staple here, grows well and produces from three-quarters to one bale per acre.

Minerals are abundant and diversified. Coal is found all over the western part, of good quality, and in veins four to fifteen feet thick, and in many places in other parts of the county in paying quantities; it is free from sulphur, iron and phosphorus. It is different from the coal in Sebastian County, and on the line of the Little Rock & Fort Smith Railway. Limestone and iron are also plentiful in the southern part of the county.

The timber of the county is of many varieties. Pine, oak, cedar, gum, ash, shellbark hickory, walnut and post oak are in large area and of fine quality. The peculiarity of the pine timber in this county is that much of it is known as the cork variety, so called because of its easy working and smooth grain.

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Horses, mules, cattle, sheep and hogs do well, with but little feeding, there being an abundance of range, and many are raised here, but are generally sold while they are young to ranchmen farther west.

The Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad crosses the northern part of the county, and furnishes us transportation for our products.

Good churches and schools are to be found in every section of the county, most all the Protestant denominations being represented. There are seventy-eight public schools in this county, in which school is taught from four to eight months every year. 'There are high schools at Waldron and Cauthron; both have a large attendance and are well conducted by able teachers.

Waldron, the county seat, is beautifully situated on the banks of the Poteau River, and is a substantially built town, mostly of brick buildings in modern style. It contains four churches, graded schools and a weekly newspaper. It is a very prosperous inland town. Has a population of

Sharcy County:

This county is one of the great mineral counties of north Arkansas, being situated almost in the center of the zinc belt.

Searcy County generally speaking, is hilly and broken, being timbered well with the different oaks, pine, hickory, gum, ash, walnut and cherry. Owing to the fact that a railroad has just been completed from Harrison in Boone County, to Leslie in this county, but little development has been made in our timber products, except for home consumption. 'There are several sawmills in different parts of the county that saw sufficient lumber to supply the demand.

Searcy County has an area of about 700 square miles, only a small part of which is in cultivation. One hundred thirty thousand nine hundred and eighty acres belong to the United States, and is subject to homestead; a large amount of the lands are owned for the timber and mineral, while less than 50,000 acres comprise the lands under cultivation. Of this amount about 10,000 acres are planted in cotton, 18,000 acres in corn, 10,000 acres in wheat, 7,000 acres in oats, and 3,000 acres in cultivated grasses, fruits, etc., all of which produce abundantly. The county is well watered by the Buffalo Fork of White River, North Fork of

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Red River, Cove Creek, Bear Creek, Calf Creek and Richland Creek. The hills and ridges are usually several hundred feet in height above the waters of the streams, the highest place being 2,050 feet, which is Reves Knob. These hills and ridges are formed of sandstone and limestone. The lands are gravelly and sandy, dark in color, and have a clayey subsoil.

The yield per acre of cotton is about 800 pounds on uplands and 1,500 on bottom lands; corn yield from twenty to forty-five bushels; wheat from ten to eighteen bushels; tobacco about 800 pounds per acre. Most all kinds of garden and farm vegetables succeed well, and fruits of all kinds are especially adapted.

Water for domestic purposes is obtained from springs and wells. Many springs of the finest water to be found in the State are to be found in Searcy County, a number of which are already known for their medicinal properties, among them being Picayune, Superlative and White Sulphur.

This county is rich in minerals, the principal ones being zinc, copper, lead and marble. There is several kinds of marble found in large quantities and nothing is being done in the way of development. The finest copper mine in this part of the country is situated near Tomahawk, this county, and is known as the ""I'omahawk Copper Mines." There are also many rich zinc mines located in different parts of the county. Thousands of dollars have been invested in the mineral lands of this county within the past two years, and every indication points toward this becoming one of the principal mining sections of this State. Zinc is now being mined in large quantities, but very little is marketed, owing to our remoteness from the railroads.

This county has made rapid gains within the past t.vo or three years along most all lines. Capital has been invested in mineral and timber lands; more than 25,000 acres of Government lands have been homesteaded, and the population has increased until is it now 11,988.

This county is well supplied with public schools and churches. The schools are kept open from three to five months in the year. There is also one high school, the Marshall Academy, located at Marshall, the county seat.

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Marshall, the largest town in the county, has a population of about 500; has several churches, high schools, mills and a diversity of mercantile and mining interests.

St. Joe, Leslie, Blanco, Snowball, Witt's Springs and Tomahawk are other principal points in the county.

Sebastian Coun Y:

Sebastian County borders upon the Choctaw Nation in the western part of the State at the base of the Ozark Mountains, which acts as a great atmospheric wall in the winter, which prevents destruction to fruit and early vegetables.

This county is the very heart of the great smokeless coal belt of the Statecand has more developed coal mines than any other portion of the State. The coal from Sebastian County is shipped all over the country, and is sold as fancy smokeless coal on account of its cleanliness in handling and using. The land overlying this coal is adapted to diversified agriculture and horticulture.

The farm products, such as corn, wheat, oats, cotton and grasses, yield a bountiful harvest. The raising of two crops of Irish potatoes each year is a feature of agriculture that has been greatly developed every year. 'The first crop is usually gathered in June and finds a ready market in the northern markets at good prices. The second crop is harvested in November and keeps well until spring when they command a good price for seed, being shipped principally to Texas.

The waterways of Sebastian County are numerous and afford splendid drainage; these adding to the healthfulness of the county.

The mountainous portion of the county contributes very fertile valleys and prairies. 'The rapid development of Sebastian County has developed several splendid towns that are noted for their commercial importance. Greenwood is one of the county seats; Sebastian County having two county seats, Greenwood and Fort Smith. Greenwood is in the center and has two railroads and two banks. Huntington is a great coal town and does a prosperous business ; it has one railroad and one bank, lighted by electricity, telephones, etc.

Mansfield is strictly an agricultural and commercial town and splendidly located for business; it has two railroads, one bank, many business establishments,- roller mill,

"AJUNOD "URIjsBqog 'ousdg SUIT [v0

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brick plant; the town is lighted by natural gas. Hartford is the natural development of the coal industry, a good business town with two railroads and one bank. Hackett City does a good business and has substantial firms who distribute their wares in both the county and the Indian Territory; it has two railroads. Bonanza is another good coal town and a great shipper of the "black diamond." It has one railroad and prosperous business houses. Jenny Lind is the center of the greatest coal field of the State and a great producer. Fort Smith is located at the junction of the Arkansas and Poteau rivers (both navigable a greater portion of the year), is the second city in the State and represents the modern methods of commercial and industrial development. It has doubled its population in the last four years. It is a progressive metropolis and the commercial center of western Arkansas. It has five independent trunk lines of railroads with fifty-two passenger trains daily in and out of the city. It has sewers costing half a million dollars and paid for, the city having no indebtedness. It has paved streets, electric street cars, electric lights, and gas, a good system of waterworks, more manufacturing establishments than any city in the State; it is a great wholesale center, competing with Kansas City, St. Louis and Memphis; it has three banks and one trust company, has elegant business blocks and fine school buildings.

Take Fort Smith and the above towns into consideration, it will be seen at a glance that the value of agricultural lands is good, as a market exists at the threshold of the farmer whose products command a ready sale to the great army of busy men engaged in coal mining and manufacturing establishments.

To the homeseeker, the farmer, the capitalist and artisan, Sebastian County presents unusual attractions. Geographically speaking, it will be seen most advantageously situated, and having a city of the magnitude of Fort Smith within its borders makes it one of the best counties in the State.

Sevier County.

Sevier County is located in the southwestern part of the State, having for its western boundary the Indian Territory; and being separated from the State of Texas on the south by Little River County.

It contains an area of 550 square miles, and is one of the best agricultural counties in this part of the State. It

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has a population of 16,339, showing an increase during the past ten years of nearly 60 per cent. A large per cent of the lands of this county are owned by individuals, having been taken up either for agricultural purposes, mineral or for the timber; yet there are 8,065 acres still owned bv the United States which are subject to entry under the homestead act; a few thousand acres belongs to the State and are subject to donation, and the Kansas City Southern Railway owns several thousand acres.

The completion of the Kansas City Southern Railway through Sevier County had much to do in developing the resources of this county. It has caused good towns to spring up along the line, brought many large sawmills and furnishes ample transportation for the products.

About 56,000 acres of this county are improved, which are cultivated principally in corn, cotton, oats, wheat, rye, the different varieties of cultivated grasses, and all kinds of farm and garden truck.

The central and southern portions are comparatively level, while the northern is more hilly. The southern portion is interspersed with large tracts of sandy soil, underlaid by the limestones and marl of cretaceous formation. Hundreds of tons of alfalfa hay are exported from this section of the county. The soil of the center varies from the sandy to the red clay loam.

'This county is admirably adapted to stock raising, and only awaits the investment of capital along this line to demonstrate this fact. It is well watered by numerous streams, which furnish an abundance of running water throughout the year. Little River forms the southern boundary, the Saline River the eastern, and the Cossatot and Rolling Fork flow parallel with each other through the county from north to south. The bottom lands of the four rivers, as well as some smaller streams, are very broad but well drained. They have a dark sandy loam, the productiveness of which is not exceeded by that of any valley lands of the State.

The principal crops grown here are, corn, which produces from twenty-five to sixty bushels; wheat, from fifteen to thirty bushels; cotton, from one-half to one and one-half bales per acre. Sevier County bears the distinction among southern counties of cultivating a larger acreage of corn than of cotton.

Large shipments of spinach, radishes, cantaloupes, watermelons, peaches and potatoes are annually exported

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from this county to northern markets. 'These shipments are mostly from, and in the vicinity of DeQueen. 'The soil in that section is particularly adapted for the growing of those crops and the industry is forming vast proportions.

Our farmers are fast learning how to farm more systematically and use the resources given them by nature to the best advantage. With the exceptions of the farms now in cultivation, the county is almost an unbroken forest of pine, oak of all varieties, cypress, hickory, ash, gum, walnut, holly, and other timber common to this latitude. The abundance of fine timber has attracted capital and the manufacture of lumber is a leading industry.

The Dierks Lumber and Coal Company, of DeQueen, have the largest manufacturing establishment in this section. The company employs over two hundred hands. They are building a railroad, '""The DeQueen & Eastern," east from DeQueen and will have Hot Springs for its eastern terminus. This artery of commerce will convey a vast amount of raw material here for manufacture, which will 'give the citizens of this county the advantages of labor and other advantages offered by manufacturing establishments. All kinds of wagon material are manufactured, also staves and shingles extensively. The exportation of these articles brings thousands of dollars to our county which is being applied to farms, building good houses and other improvements which are always characteristic of a progressive section.

The climate is one of the most delightful to be found anywhere. 'The summers are not excessively hot while the winters are very mild.

The county contains the purest freestone water. Many springs are to be found among the hills of the northern part, some of which are coming into notice as health resorts.

The mineral resources, great and unbounded as they are, are as yet mostly undeveloped. The North American Ore and Metal Company are working the Bellah mines extensively and are getting, in paying quantities, zinc, copper and lead. ?

This part of the county is embraced in the mineral belt that extends from Little Rock into the Indian Territory. The antimony mines in this county are said to be the richest ia the world, and are claimed to be the only mines in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, which yield antimony in paying quantities. Coal which has been found in large quantities has been pronounced by experts to be as

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good as the best. Slate also exists in large quantities. An excellent quality of building stone and granite is to be found in many places and in large quantities. Asphalt has recently been discovered in this county. On the southern border of the county is to be found the renowned White Cliffs; where a grade of cement is manufactured equal to the best Portland cement.

The citizenship of Sevier County is composed of energetic, progressive people. Common schools are in reach of every inhabitant, while high school advantages can be had at DeQueen or Lockesburg. Churches are numerous, and most all the leading denominations are represented here.

The principal towns are, Lockesburg, the county seat, population, 550; DeQueen, the largest town of the county, located on the Kansas City Southern Railway, has built up within the past three years. It is chiefly a manufacturing town, and has a population of 1,200; and Horatio, another town on the new railroad, has a population of 650.

Sharp County.

This county is located in the northern part of the State of Arkansas, about midway between the eastern and west- ° ern boundaries. Its northern boundary line touches Missourl. It contains some of the richest farming and best fruit lands in America. Situated in the foothills of the great Ozark range, it possesses a climate almost equal to that of southern California. The bottom lands are very fertile, and the hills, with proper cultivation, can be made to produce abundant crops. Asa fruit and grazing country it is unexcelled. While part of the country is rough and broken, and can only be made available for grazing and fruit raising, much of it is level, or slightly undulating, and good farms can be made. It is all heavily timbered and well watered. Hogs live on the oak "mast" the year round, and cattle graze from March to December.

The same kinds of crops grow here that grow in almost any of the Northern States. Corn, oats, wheat, rye, clover and timothy do well. All kinds of vegetables can be grown in abundance. Cotton is also raised in large quantities. Arkansas can properly be said to be the home of the sweet potato and the peach. These grow almost spontaneously. Fruit exhibits of northern Arkansas have been the finest in the world. Some of the apples exhibited from Sharp County took the premium at the World's Fair.

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The soil and climate is peculiarly adapted to all kinds of fruits, and they not only grow in abundance, but to a size that is not attained in any other country. On its sunny hillsides the grape revels in a luxuriant growth that rivals the stone-walled vineyards of France and Germany. Wine production is certain to become a great industry in the Spring River hills. From its soil the strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, gooseberry and currant attain a size and flavor that can only be realized by seeing and tasting. And the peach! A peach orchard in harvest time (and that lasts from May to October) looks like a garden of Eden. This is in the center of the great fruit belt of America, and large quantities of fruit are being put out.

Sharp County is traversed by the most beautiful river in the west. Spring River is celebrated for flowing from the largest spring in the world. It is a veritable river, running at the rate of 65,000 cubic feet of water per minute, where it comes out of the ground. Its waters are as clear as crystal, and fish, of which it contains an abundance, can be seen at a great depth. Besides Spring River, the county is traversed by South Fork and Strawberry rivers, and numerous small streams. It is one of the best watered counties in the State. Down the valley of Spring River runs the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis Railway, the great direct route between the south and the northwest. On the line of this road are the towns of Hardy and Williford, in Sharp County. 'To these points people come from the interior of the county to trade and ship their stock, grain, truit and cotton. An immense steel bridge spans Spring River at Hardy, rendering the town easily accessible from the country on the opposite side of the river.

Sharp County, and in fact all of northern Arkansas, is healthy. 'There is no stagnant water, there is scarcely any sickness, and none, it might be said, caused by climatic influences. The winters are mild and pleasant, and the summers not so hot as in many of the more northern states. There are few nights in the summer that are not cool enough' to require cover while sleeping.

Sharp County is rapidly forging her way to the front as a mining district; many valuable ores are found within her boundaries, such as lead, zinc, aluminum, uranium, cobalt iron, manganese, immense beds of kaolin, tripoli, and phosphate having been found within the past few months.

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Her clay deposits for quality, quantity and variety cannot be excelled. Two paint factories are now being successfully operated, and are producing paints of superior quality. 'Two deposits of bauxite have recently been discovered that promises to equal in quantity and quality anything yet discovered in the State, and Arkansas ranks first as a producer of this metal.

Recent developments have gone far towards establishing the fact that Sharp County embraces one of the richest deposits of zinc ore in the known world. An expert from London has recently investigated the zinc fields here and declares that they are exact duplicates of the Wales zinc and lead mines, but the zinc found here is far superior in . purity and richness.- The zinc blend found here will average 64 per cent metallic zinc, and is almost entirely free from refractory elements. Some mining of zinc and iron was done in this county as far back as 1855. An iron furnace was built and iron made in a crude way, and theAmerican Zinc Company built a large smelter at Calamine and handled and smelted large quantities of carbonates in the early 70s. The Pearce Mining Company erected a concentrating plant near Shelbyville and has shipped considerable ore of fine quality. Their shaft cuts a body of pay ore 110 feet thick. The White River Mining Company have built a concentrating plant.of 200 tons capacity at Graceland, ten miles south of Williford. The McKnight Mining Company has one of the most promising prospects in the district.

This company, the Aslen Rogen and Alpha Mining coinpanies are all active mining companies and own and contre! 17,000 acres of mineral lands.

Stone County.

Stone County is situated in the White River Valley and in the northern part of the State; White River forming its northeast and eastern boundary.

The general face of the county is broken; one-fourth of it being mountainous and the remainder hilly. It has an area of about 600 square miles. About one-fifth of all the lands are improved. There are yet 118,600 acres belonging to the United States, which are subject to homestead entry ; more than 62,000 acres have been taken up within the past two years.

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The soil in the bottoms is alluvial; in the uplands, it is a Jight sandy loam; and in the mountains, black sand, but limestone foundation. The prices of land vary from $7 to $46 per acre for improved, and from $1 to $10 per acre for unimproved.

Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, and all other farm products are grown and make good crops. Cotton yields from 600 to 1,200 pounds of seed cotton per acre. Corn produces from thirty to fifty bushels; wheat and rye, fifteen bushels; oats, twenty-five bushels; Irish and sweet potatoes, and turnips from 100 to 250 bushels; sorghum, about 100 gallons of syrup per acre.

Timothy, redtop, clover, and eee as well as others of the cultivated varieties of grasses, produce well, and yield from 2,000 to 3,000 pounds per acre. Live stock receives increased attention from year to year, but the Durham breed of cattle is all that has been introduced so far to any great extent.

Fruits of all varieties and kinds succeed well here. Of grapes, the Concord does best.

The principal timber of our county is the oak, nearly all varieties being found in the forest. The white oak grows all over the county in abundance; and pine, cedar, walnut and hickory are in some localities, but there is no cypress. The only facilities for shipping are furnished by the White River, the only navigable stream, there being no railroads in the county.

Of minerals we have iron and manganese, but they have never been developed. Already capitalists have been attracted by the possibilities in this field and the prospects for the future developments are bright.

The water for domestic purposes obtained from springs and wells, is both hard and soft. The "Bon Air" mineral springs, containing iron, are recommended for all diseases for which iron is used.

Common schools are in each of the forty-four districts, taught from three to eight months in the year.

Baptist, Methodist and other religious denominations have good churches in every neighborhood.

The population of this county, by the census of 1900, is 8,100, practically all whites.

Mountain View is the county seat and principal town of Stone County. It was settled in 1873; it contains two

&

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churches, good public schools, steam. flour and grist mill, and a weekly newspaper; also a diversity of mercantile interests. It has a population of 226.

Nlu) Ine Colin, Ey

This county has an area of about 1,080 square miles, is situated in the southern part of the State, and in the Ouachita River Valley, which river forms its northwestern boundary. It has for its southern boundary the northern line of the State of Louisiana.

The general face of the county is comparatively level, with no mountains and only a few hills, draining well towards the Ouachita River.

About one-fourth of the county consists of improved lands; 5,886 acres belong to the United States, and several © thousand acres belong to the State.

The general character of the soil in the bottoms is sandy, mixed with alluvial; in' uplands, sandy.

The prices for improved lands are $2.50 to $25, for unimproved lands from 50 cents to $5 per acre.

The principal crops of the county are, cotton, corn, oats, peas, and potatoes; of which cotton yields, on hill land, 800 pounds; on bottom lands, 1,600 pounds of seed cotton to the acre; corn, twenty-five bushels on uplands, and from thirty to forty-five bushels on bottom lands; oats, from thirty to fifty bushels; tobacco, from 800 to 1,000 pounds; Irish 'potatoes, from 100 to 300 bushels; sweet potatoes, about the same as Irish potatoes; peas, from thirty to forty bushels per acre; and sorghum, 100 gallons of syrup to the acre of cane. Cultivated grasses are being grown in the county quite extensively and do well.

Of fruits, peaches, apples, and grapes are grown in nearly every part of the county. 'The varieties of grapes grown being principally the Scuppernong.

The timber of the county is abundant and the forest abounds in all varieties of hardwoods. Pine and white oak are found on all unimproved lands and cypress grows along the margins of streams. We have good railroad facilities for shipping lumber to market in all parts of the county, where the waters of the Ouachita River do not furnish navigation. Thus our transportation facilities are the most excellent.

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The population of Union County for 1900 was 22,495, showing an increase within the past ten years of nearly 8,000

While coal and iron ore are found along the marginal luis, but few developments, except for private purposes, have so far been made.

The educational advantages are as good as generally found in the country. There are 112 public schools distributed in the several districts, which are kept open from three to ten months in the year. In addition to these we have the El Dorado and Blanchard high schools, and another good school at Mt. Holly; also good graded schools at Junction City.

The Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians and Christians have about eighty churches distributed over the county.

The county is well watered by constantly running streams and branches, which intersect nearly every section of its territory. Water for domestic purposes is obtained from both springs and wells, and is generally soft. - Of mineral springs, we have Blanchard's, Wooley's and Perdue's springs; the waters of which have been analyzed and show valuable medicinal properties.

The principal towns of the county are, El Dorado, Junction City, Hillsboro, Mt. Holly, Lisbon, and Champagnolle.

FE] Dorado, the county seat and largest town of Union County, is situated on the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway. It contains churches of nearly all the denominations, fine public and high schools, with modern buildings, a large cotton compress recently constructed; also cotton gins, grist mills, banks, two weekly newspapers, and a large diversity of mercantile interests.

Van Buren County.

This county is bounded on the north by Searcy and Stone counties, on the east by Cleburne County, on the south by Faulkner and Conway counties and on the west by Pope County. It has an area of about 460,890 acres, and a population of 11,220.

The southeastern part of the county is a plateau some 400 feet high, while the balance of the lands are hilly and mountainous, with a few bottoms along the streams.

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One hundred twenty-six thousand thirty-six acres in. this county still belong to the United States and are subject to entry under the homestead act. 'There are about 80,000 acres under improvement.

The principal crops raised are, corn, cotton, oats, and general farm products. The highlands in the southern part are especially adapted to the growth of oats and wheat. The soil is generally good, of a siliceous character and having a clayey retentive subsoil, is not much affected by drought. Cotton produces well, and will yield on the table-lands, from 700 to 800 pounds of seed cotton to the acre, and on the uplands, where the soil has an admixture of sandy loam, it will produce 900 pounds on an average, which increases to 1,200 pounds on some of the more fertile bottom lands. Corn yields in the same proportion, from twenty-five to forty bushels per acre; and wheat, fifteen bushels.

Cultivated grasses do well anywhere in this county and will harvest two tons per acre. Fruits of all kinds, especially grapes, do well.

For stock raising this county seems particularly adapted. Some of the improved breeds. have been introduced, and wherever the Jersey, Durham, and Holstein have been brought, it has shown the climate and condition of this section to be favorable to their growth and continuance.

The timber of the county is varied and abundant. In the southeastern part of the county abounds the pine in luxuriant forests. Oak, hickory, sweet and black gum are found along the streams in large belts.

Van Buren County has no railroads or navigable streams and the marketing of her resources is therefore greatly retarded. Otherwise the county is well watered, being intersected by numerous clear and beautiful streams bordered by rich pasture lands. In the northern portion we have Owl Fork of White River with its many little tributaries flowing in an easterly direction; in the central portion, running east, we have Little Red River; and in the southwestern part are the head waters of Point Remove Creek; and southeast, the North Fork of Cadron Creek.

There are many mineral springs of good healing qualities in this county. The White and Black Sulphur and Price springs are the most favorably known among them.

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Coal is found in this county, but so far has only been developed to the extent of use in blacksmith shops. There are also fine indications of lead, zinc and copper, and being situated as we are in the great mineral belt, we may expect some day to see fine discoveries made in all the above mentioned ores.

We have sixty common public schools, and many church houses of the different denominations are distributed throughout the county.

Clinton, the county seat and largest town, is located near the geographical center of the county. It contains several steam saw and grist mills, two churches, graded schools, one weekly newspaper, and a large diversity of mercantile interests. Population, 300.

Washington County.

Washington County, in the highlands of the northwestern part of the State, is the heart of the great apple growing district of the South.

Situated fairly on the dividing line, between the north and the south, it escapes the rigorous winters of the latter as well as the hot burning summers of the former. Blessed with a cool moist atmosphere, with an annual rainfall of forty-four inches, and a mean annual temperature of 58.4, it is the ideal apple country. 'The climate is delightful and the whole country constitutes a place of resort for the health seeker. The surface is rolling and diversified, being largely covered with fine timbers, save where it has been cleared to make way for farming operations, while many hundreds of acres of original prairie now form beautiful stock and grain farms. It is well watered by the Illinois and White rivers running, one to the west, and the other to the northeast, which, with their tributaries, are supplied constantly by many bubbling streams of pure cold freestone water. In these streams trout and bass are abundant, as well as nearly all other varieties of fresh water fish.

The county is well provided with railroad facilities, the "Frisco running north and south through the county seat, the Fayetteville & Little Rock running to the southeast, the O. & C. C. running to the southwest connecting with Texas, and the Kansas City Southern running north and south along the western border of the county.

As shown by the United States census, the county contains 643,200 acres of land; contains more farming land,

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more improved land, greater value of farm buildings, greater value of farm implements and machinery, produces more wheat, more corn, more horses, mules and more poultry and eggs than any other county in the State. While, according to the same authority, Washington County, with Benton County lying to the north of it, has more growing apple orchard trees than any other two counties in the United States. Washington County, with Benton County on the north and Madison County on the east, produced in one

Washington County Court House.

season more than three million (3,000,000) dollars worth of apples. This is the home of the "Big Red Apple," and it is claimed that they grow bigger and redder here than anywhere on earth.

The county has a population of about 40,000, and according to the United States census, more white people than any other county in the State, and has about 1,000 negroes. The original settlers came chiefly from Tennessee

Sire5

and Kentucky, but the county now contains representatives from all the states, as well as many foreigners.

The actual value of property in the county is about twenty-five million (25,000,000) dollars. The amount raised by taxation for all purposes would represent about a four-mill tax on this amount.

Fayetteville, the county seat, known as the Athens of Arkansas, the seat of the University of Arkansas, is a beautiful city of 7,000 people, has an altitude of 1,500 feet, is a well built city of modern conveniences, and is fast becoming a manufacturing city.

The town of Springdale, in the north part of the county, a town of 2,500, and Prairie Grove in the west, a town of 1,500, are both thriving towns, beautifully and healthfully located.

The people of the county are cultured and refined, and delight in old-time Southern hospitality. The climate is salubrious and healthful, the soil productive, and altogether the county is one of the most delightful places in the world in which to live.

White County.

This county is situated in the White River Valley, divided nearly in halves by Little Red River, one of the tributaries of the White River, and is bounded on the east by White River. It contains an area of nearly 1,100 square miles, and a population of 24,864.

The face of the county is rolling, three-fifths hilly, and two-fifths level; of the latter, about one-half alluvial, with no prairies. About 25 per cent of the land is improved; 4,959 acres belongs to the United States and several thous- © and acres to the State.

The soil is generally good and produces well, and the prices are moderate; for improved lands, from $5 to $25, and for unimproved, from $1 to $10.

The crops generally grown in this county are: Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, peas, grass, potatoes, turnips and sorghum.

Cotton yields on hill lands 800 pounds of seed cotton, and 1,500 pounds on bottom lands.

Corn averages from twenty-five to forty bushels ; wheat from twelve to eighteen, tobacco from 800 to 1,000 pounds, oats from thirty to forty bushels, rye from ten to twenty bushels, Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes and turnips from 150

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to 200 bushels, field peas forty bushels, and sorghum 125 gallons of syrup to the acre.

Redtop, clover, millet, timothy and orchard grass grow

well and produce from 3,000 to 4,000 pounds to the acre.

Fruits and grapes succeed remarkably well, except, perhaps, pears, which are subject to blight, especially the dwarf varieties. Apples, peaches, plums, quinces, strawberries, blackberries, raspberries and gooseberries yield large and luscious fruits.

Live stock is receiving considerable attention of late, and the county is well adapted to its growth. Improved breeds have been introduced, and are found to thrive well. Horses, mules, cattle and hogs Succeed best, and sheep do well. The stock business is looking up, and is the most profitable business in the county.

Of timber, we have all varieties common n here; white, black, red, post and overcup oak, black walnut, HBL ash, cedar, pine, pecan, cypress, cottonwood, sweet and black gum, and Spanish and cow oak. Valuable white oak grows in almost any part of the county abundantly, and pine and cypress in considerable quantities.

The transportation facilities for the marketing of lumber and products generally are good. Of railroads, we have the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway, intersecting the county from north to south. Of rivers and streams, we have White and Little Red rivers, which are navigable, and quite a number of small streams, running all the year, which are not navigable.

Water for stock and farming purposes is abundant in all parts of the county; for domestic purposes, springs and wells furnish both hard and soft water, and of mineral springs we have several, which, for their known health restoring qualities, have become celebrated, and the summer and sanitary resorts of invalids from all parts of this continent. Among these the most prominent are the sulphur any chalybeate springs of Searcy, recommended and sought for malarial affections and general debility, and in the midst of a thriving little city, furnished with all the comforts and conveniences for rest, recreation and enjoyment. The Armstrong chalybeate springs, for all disorders caused by indigestion and sluggish action of the liver and kidneys, is also provided with good accommodations, and the Griffin Springs, with fine chalybeate waters, recommended for indigestion and malaria.

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The educational facilities are first-class. There are 153 schools in the county, which are kept open from three to ten months in the year. Our religious facilities are the very best that any part of the State affords. We have all the denominations represented here, but the Methodists and Baptists are the leading ones.

Searcy, the county seat of White County, is located at the terminus of the Searcy Branch of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway. It is a noted health resort, and is noted for its White Sulphur Springs, its pleasant surroundings and for its fine colleges and schools. The Speers- Lankford Institute (for males) and the Galloway College (for females) are both located here, both having large and commodious buildings, and are well patronized; besides these, we have fine public and private schools.

Searcy also has a bank, several churches, a beautiful park, electric lights, telephones, one daily and three weekly newspapers, and a large diversity of mercantile interests. Ships cotton, strawberries and all kinds of vegetables. Population for 1900, 1,995.

Woodruff County.

Woodruff County was organized in 1862. It lies immediately on the east bank of the White River, directly west of Memphis, Tenn. It is nearly. forty miles long from north to south, and about twenty miles wide from east to west, and contains 384,000 acres. It is a part of a system of lowland farm country, which extends from Black River southward to the confluence of White River with the Mississippi, and is noted for its extraordinary yield per acre in cotton and corn. The greater portion of the county is level. The soil is a rich, dark sandy loam, very quick and generous, is unsurpassed in fertility and continued usefulness.

To a maximum product per acre in corn and cotton it is shown by official statistics to be also a region highly adapted to a diversified farm industry. Grasses, fruits, garden products, oats, rye and millet find a congenial home in soil and climate, and therefore specially suited to the small farm.

Three-eighths of the whole area is probably unsuited to farm operations without original expenditure for drainage. There are about 70,000 acres in cultivation; 2,228 acres belonging to the United. States are subject to homestead entry, and a few thousand acres still belong to .the

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State. The forest area—timber known to be of merchantable quality and size—is estimated at a quarter million acres. The prevailing varieties are according to the following order of distribution: White oak, gum, overcup, ash, hickory, red oak and cypress.

In addition to the excellent character of the farm lands and timber it is to be added that the county is also deserving of kindly mention on the score of population. The white inhabitants, who are in excess of the colored by several hundred, have a standing throughout the State as being among the most respectable in Arkansas. The colored citizens who, as a rule, were the slaves of their present employers, are most orderly and prosperous, owing largely to the fact that they are not without the encouragement and sympathy of their white neighbors.

The price of the best grade lands, improved, is from $15 to $40 per acre. Second grade, improved, from $10 to $20 per acre; unimproved, $3.50 to $8 per acre. Timbered lands, according to character of soil on which it is found, and accessible outlet, from $1.50 to $10 per acre.

Woodruff County has good railroad facilities, which aid greatly in marketing our resources and products. The Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis Railway and the Memphis Branch of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway cross each other near the center of the county;

besides these, we have the navigable waters of White River forming the eastern boundary.

Our educational and religious facilities are on a par with that of any county in the State. We have excellent public schools in every neighborhood in the county, which furnish free instruction from three to six months in the year. We also have good high schools at Augusta and Cotton Plant.

Augusta, the county seat and principal town of Woodruff County, is situated in the extreme eastern part, on the White River and the Memphis Branch of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway. It contains an opera house, four churches, good graded schools, handle factory, saw and grist mills, cotton gins and a large number of mercantile establishments, representing the various lines of trade; it also has a bank, and a weekly newspaper. Population, 1900, 1,040.

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YEE COUN Ie

Yell County, situated in the western part of the State, has an area of 900 square miles, mostly woodland, though there is some prairie. The general nature of the land is mainly a red loam. There are about 70,000 acres in cultivation. The principal crops of the county are: Corn, cotton, wheat and oats, the leading crops being corn and cotton, both of which yield abundantly. Corn produces on the best lands from fifty to seventy-five bushels per acre. Wheat, oats and rye produce well. The cultivated grasses are being grown now, and the result is entirely satisfactory to the farmers. Stock raising is being engaged in in different parts of the county, and the encouragement met in the raising of native stock has been the means of inducing our more progressive farmers to try the improved breeds, which are far exceeding expectations.

Fruit raising is another industry that lay dormant in this county till only a few years ago, when our people learned that we had some of the finest fruit land in the State and began to improve it. The result is that we have some fine orchards in the county, and a promising outlook for a great fruit country in the future. All kinds of fruits adapted to this latitude may be cultivated here with good results. The county is particularly adapted to peaches. apples and pears. Most all the small fruits are being cultivated successfully.

Yell County is well watered by creeks and rivers, which furnish an abundant supply the year round. Among the streams are Petit Jean and Fourche la Fave rivers, which are navigable a portion of the year, and the Delaware, Chickalah, Riley and Dutch creeks, abounding in fine fish.

Coal is found in many localities in this county, but has not been developed to any great extent owing to a lack of proper railroad facilities. But since the completion of the Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad through the western part of the county our transportation facilities have been greatly increased, and it is almost certain that within the next few years Yell County will be ranking side by side with her adjoining counties as a portion of the great coal producing sections of our State.

The surface of Yell County is hilly and broken. comprising both timbered and open prairie lands, and is bordered on the northeast by the Arkansas River. There are several

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mountain ranges traversing the county from west to east, the summits of which are composed of the sandstones of the millstone formation, underlaid by shales, which give character to the greater part of the soils. The general level of the mountains is over 500 feet above that of the surrounding country, and some points are over 800 feet, the highest summits being covered with a pine growth. The lands of the county are generally sandy, with reddish clay subsoils, timbered with red, post and other oaks, hickory, etc. The better class of these lands are said to yield from 800 to 1,800 pounds of seed cotton per acre.

The prairie lands are usually stiff, and are underlaid by red, impervious clays, derived from shales, but are much in cultivation.

The river lands are broad, and are tlhe most productive in the county. They comprise the usual red and dark loams of the first and second bottoms, respectively, and have a timber growth of walnut, pecan, ash, cottonwood, hackberry, etc., and are said to yield from 1,500 to 2,500 pounds of seed cotton per acre.

Our educational and religious facilities are on an average with that of any other county in the State.

We have churches of all the leading denominations in every section of the county. There are 135 public schools, where school is taught from three to nine months in the year.

Mt. Nebo, the noted health resort, is situated in this county, six miles west of Dardanelle. It has fine water, a delightful climate, and an altitude of 2,000 feet above the sea level and 1,700 feet above the level of the surrounding country.

The population of Yell County is 22,750. It has several hundred acres of government land subject to homestead entry. There are also several thousand acres of State lands subject to donation.

Dardanelle, the county seat of the eastern division, is the largest town of the county. It is situated on the Arkansas River, at the terminus of the Russellville & Dardanelle Branch of the Little Rock & Fort Smith Railway. It has a population of 1,602 by census of 1900. Also has fine churches, good graded schools, telephone system, two banks. waterworks, two weekly newspapers and a diversity of mercantile interests, and is the location of the United States

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District Land Office for this section. It ships cotton, produce,

live stock and fruit.

Danville is a thriving little town on the new Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad, and is the county seat of the western division of Yell County. It is surrounded by a fine agricultural and mining section, has three churches, good schools, a bank, telephone system, and a diversity of mer-

cantile interests. Population, 1900, 600.

Summary Of The Population Of The State By Counties.

Counties 1890 Arkansas $3s...928ik Gece ee ote eee oe 11,432 Ashleyi oye oor ie an ee eee are 13,295 Baxter sens kilo ee On ete 8,52 Benton 25h... ho eee ae ere eae cee ns 27,716 Bootie $n (ea ee ate ee eae ee ae ee 15,816 Bradley !2.59¢ 0.0 2aee hs ea eee 7,972 Calhoun ty) ter: ee Berets ae oe eee (OOK Carroll oe 2 et ee eee 17,288 Chicotic. Mot cin s hattincceie ween eo aan 11,419 Clarke Oks. tS ee Ant eae Sener enh ee te 20,997 Clayisetid oath Tee Oe aL eee 12,200 Cleburne it ton oe ee ear ers 77,884 435 2 ee Aes oe 11,362 Columbiacc. nese sane cuan ote eee 19,893 CODWaYis ck. Se ee oe ee eee 19 459 Craighead a. cee Se ee ee oe ae 12,025 Crawiord © skort: pret be aie oe 21,714 Crittenden is, eerie eis en en ee 13,940 Crosse) Sn abhi oe ete eee io erae 7,693 Dalla se ieee et Soiree ke eters ie ee i tece ean ean 9,296 esha). er oe 0 et Sey Se ea eee ee ee A 10,324 Drew tees ot ast cree ets c 7.302 Faulkner' 23 S00 3d Oe oe ee ee 18,342 Franklin {3242 ee Sh OR Oe en ore, 19,934 Karlt ones: Sx ihc ioe PNR oa ie eee 10,984 Garland) 3 ee he ee ee eee 15,328 Grant? 2) reat SS. See en eee 7,786 Grebne Blak mre ce a CG en 12,908 Etempsteadi sto. ae se. ere reo a ten a ae 22,796 HotO pring eee ee Se on eres 11,603 HOW ard ners dofeth onareee €25 oo) son eee 13,789 Tndependencet; secces eer ee ee 21,961 LATA FAL RY tia baal eRe eho PE DOE eEe Ee 13,038 ACKSOTI Er icpsee cia eee Ree eta 15,179 Jetlergon bevht pot... S258 sco a ebte s RE OE 40,881 JOHNSON. Ree ee ete he anc ne Rae 16,758 Valavette sn mo. sere oer tec eee 7,700 La WIenCe sa ee ee ete eee setae ete 12,984 COS id cdo bee Shah oe Ud Rh ae REE 18,886 Lincoln ea crn en eats Bade eee 10,255 DattlevRivereet.) yoke eee cles On tank et 8,903 TLOgan cca cscs estes, hereon tetas ts ones ote 20,774 Liondke: Sin wt. Sey: Reet te ae ee ret 19,263 MaGiSOn baste coor ee Lae eae 17,402 Marion... Soe eee ee 10,390 Miller opera a ciliceiopere tt Were rect eee eae 14,714 Mississip pr iis fg Sea ae ee 11,635 Monroe iine nce en eee Oke ee ae 15,336 Monitgromeryi, oie} fea AG eee ee 7,923 NGWadailedve tan on tele ase oles Oot 14,832 Newtoror set. Fee Ls Paes ee 9,950 QOutaeitita es ci-co ere ese coe ee eee 17,033 OLEY ENS ca hehe Oat ee Ra eee ee 5,538 PS dae cot ee ee eee eee 25,341 Pike Bert On, Ce ete Oe. Sea 8,537 Poimsette. 26 dates c ie i ce egies 4,272 OLE TIS AE SE CPR EEG Ns Cel eMart ee 9,283 POPC ade cone hates ena nee eae 19,458 Prairies toes oie betes be Maaco ere eee ee 11,374

1900 Gain

eee eee

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SUMMARY OF THE POPULATION OF THE STATE BY COUNTIES—Continued.

Counties 1890 1900 Gain

Plast es st tee MOE NEES CALS is elke ddd 47,329 63,179 15,850 Randoltph* tence te od icy tee, SCARE oe ae 14,485 17,156 3,671 ae tie: Cy AURA gk Se See aT 13,543 Po 7, 3,614 Oaliriawe went ere CR ies, Poles Busia s 1 eH UE 13,122 1,811 SCOUGT Ae Le RTM eee te aaa 12,635 13,183 548 efostonig a Sibati.< Ie Gade eee ae eee 9,664 11,988 2,324 DCUAStICThe Peer eer nN Ger eters eS co anes sche ceeiele : 33,200 36,935 Bi Tio, SOVIDEL aa Me REDE aeeCeaietion tis oA yatta se Avo, mor genau: 10,072 16,339 6,267 Sha ee Phe ee, et ee eee, 10,418 12,199 1,781 CODE Ese Rel) Sha chs) ca ee Ree ees 7,043 8,100 1,056 NERS erences GPM i 59e bacloy ¢ cssx Se eco a heus ror ete ole 14,977 22,495 7,518 VigtresTsetiie mts coy, Geena ceed . a ey 8,567 1,220 2,653 SWiets Scorn eeseee 8 ks k mierdrt gsr doar ecislion ane' 32,024 34,256 2,232 Wihites rey store een siNe Be tee oe Pre 22,946 24,864 1,918 WOO iiithewer te LIM SE ee Lk, Ro ae 14,009 16,304 2,295 CL ene wae cs ass Sak 5. eat ia aha tance che bharhie 8 18,015 22,750 4,735 EROtal smn wrAa li iat tcc wt eed hk Be ls we 1,128,179 1,311,564 183,385

POPULATION OF THE PRINCIPAL CITIES AND TOWNS OF ARKANSAS OF 3,000 AND UPWARD.

PTE MEISOKE Sree se eee ers 2 Line Sey tte a whee eae cc wiles ae 38,307 Lit ge Canty s geet ales Nai ceeie te flys ORG IAL tal Lar ait ae ae 11,587 PTCME US LEI ICT SRR ONE oe hoe ESA o alee Oh oh lols oes 11,496 PICA TSIOS F Pe ORO Sele teeta a elt ee chs aioe area Mec wtle fe 9,973 PiGiomaee ete rts elses ss SMe su klels SLOT OI. Oto leet Ds 5,550 GROW KAMIAM ry OMEN Sats. Pole tliat. cae ies witty ae bira ld alltcarels desire els 4,914 ESSN PMT ee ee Told braced tus costa ghar dd mcg 4 eer eieselo Cee bet we 4,508 Eas Eh ENE PR RR BP, ol nln wo seclald vigo le sake tac rieuce's 4,061 Tet eure SDE IOS pie ee ee ek it a 5 al lors EO Ls a S542 See ME a Me re PEGA. hs ay PEA Vive e'v ede dveieles cues 3,432 CesT ee ey, eet A Pate) ote POAT eee ee ets ere

M—7

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Akkansas Minerals, And Mining.

There has been discovered within the limits of Arkansas zinc, silver, lead, manganese, copper, antimony, eypsum, novaculite, coal, iron, pyrites of iron, bauxite, a fine Portland cement, as fine marble as can be found in the United States, onyx of the very best grade and in large quantities, building stone and granite of all kinds, slate, fine clays and ochres; in fact, nearly all kinds of minerals to be found in the United States may be found in Arkansas.

Arkansas Ochres.

The principal deposits of these ochres is found near Monticello, Drew County, where, commencing six miles north and ending twelve miles south of the town, beds of the pigment are found wherever the area of surface elevation has been worn to the water level. The occurrence of ochre is not without limitation, but is confined to a system of quartionary gravels and sands forming the ridge pole of the Bayou Bartholomew and Saline watersheds, and technically is an occurrence that is accounted for in the action of iron pyrites in the gravel and sand upon the kaolins of the underlying formations of the country.

There are two varieties of ochre found in this locality, both of which are pronounced superior to our ordinary American ochres of commerce, the largest body being found one mile south of Monticello. 7

These ochres are remarkable for their occidation when the water of crystallization is driven off by heat, the resulting product being a bright "wagon" red pigment. They are also remarkable for their quality of assimilating with other pigments and colors, the base of which is either iron or organic matter. This last quality has been satisfactorily tested, both in a powdered state and as obtained, and as a result of adding a few simple elements to the native and roasted ochre, from forty to fifty shades of pigments have been obtained suited to decorative painting of pottery.

Other discoveries of ochre have been announced in South Arkansas and other parts of the State. There is a large deposit of fine ochre discovered in Clay County. This mine has been in paying operation for some time, and is still being worked.

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South Arkansas Clays.

According to the best information upon the subject, "local modification" plays so important a part in the character of the south Arkansas clays that a thousand specimens would exhaust neither the color nor variety of the plastic material that is possible to collect in the combined territory of Jefferson, Cleveland, Drew, Ashley, Bradley, Calhoun, Dallas, Ouachita, Union, Columbia, Lafayette and Muller counties.

There is a type of clay obtained from Ashley County in an original or modified form of bauxite, which the discoverer has named '"'Rootsite," in honor of the late Col. Logan H. Roots, of Little Rock. It is almost of soluble form, and is found in so great a body near Hamburg that its supply would seem inexhaustible.

~The clays of Bradley County consist of shales and clays, so called, both of which evidently belong to the lignite formation of that county. The shale is found in several parts of the county, and at Warren, the county seat, it crops out near the surface, one-fourth of a mile from the public square. The shales of Bradley County constitute the principal body of material discovered in south Arkansas, suited to the manufacture of sewer pipe, terra cotta, drain tile, pressed brick and vitrified brick clays.

Peet isia PLN LE CLAYS OF SOUTH ARKANSAS.

While distinguished for its beds of commercial ochres, due in part to the same causes from which it derives its character, Monticello, Drew County, also supplies handsome specimens of tessellating clay. It is, in fact, in some respects an arrested ochre, but, upon the whole, parts with the ochre when it is subjected to heat, the iron stains evaporating, and the material is seen to be that of which tessellating tile and majolica ware is made.

The localities of the tile clay, it seems, have their characteristics as well as the ochre. Aside from the ochre and tile clay, upon examination an impure kaolin, so-called, but which is, no doubt, a fire clay, is found.

The specimens of clay from Columbia County are not only remarkable for variety and number, but, at a glance, they are seen to be the best of their types found in the State.

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Of the native clays, those adapted to press brick are found mainly at Waldo, in that county. At Magnolia, and in its vicinity, the types run exclusively to tessellating tile and the pressed brick clay, with the last named variety continued at intervals to McNeill, situated six miles north, and at Buckner, on the "Cotton Belt,' commencing one mile north and extending indefinitely northward; the specimens show the presence of fire clay, terra cotta and pressed brick clays.

Manganese In Arkansas.

Manganese was first mined in Arkansas as early as 1860. The first report of the annual output was that of 1868, which amounted to only ten tons; however, this amount has increased from year to year, until in 1896 nearly 45 per cent of the entire manganese production of the United States came from this State.

According to the United States Geological Survey of 1897, Arkansas ranked second among the States in the production of this ore, being surpassed only by the State of Georgia.

In 1896, of the 10,088 tons of manganese produced in the United States, Georgia produced 4,085 tons, Arkansas 3,421 tons, Virginia 2,018 tons, while the remaining 564 tons were taken from the states of California, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and West Virginia.

In her manganese, as well as in several other ores, Arkansas seems to rank ahead in superior quality, and, notwithstanding her output of this ore in 1896 was nearly 1,000 tons less than that of Georgia, yet the total value of her ore exceeded that of Georgia nearly $10,000. When Georgia manganese sold at $6.25 per ton, Arkansas' product sold for $10.72 per ton.

Manganese has been discovered in a number of counties of this State, among which are Polk, Howard, Sevier, Montgomery, Izard and Independence, the most noted locality being that of the Batesville region, in Independence County.

Antimony In Sevier County.

The antimony mines in Sevier County are the only mines of this kind in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, where antimony is found in sufficient quantity — to be of commercial value. Here this valuable article is

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found in large quantities, and assays 98 per cent pure antimony.

Sevier County has also rich mines of lead, zinc and silver, and valuable slate quarries, all of which will, no doubt, become very profitable, the Kansas City Southern Railway having been recently completed through that county.

Arkansas Cement Product.

The White Cliffs Portland Cement and Chalk Company of White Cliffs, Ark., is now actively engaged in the manufacture of a very fine grade of cement at that place.

The plant now operated by this company has a capacity of 150 barrels per day, but the quality of cement has proved so satisfactory from the very beginning that this plant has been found altogether insufficient to supply the demand. The company has now in the way of construction, and which will be completed by January 1, 1899, a plant of double the " capacity of the old one.

The cement manufactured by this company is equal in quality to the best imported Portland cement, and has a better color for sidewalk work than a majority of imported cements.

The company readily disposes of the entire production of the factory, and in the near future Arkansas Portland cement will be favorably known in all the cement markets of the United States.

Coal:

The coal fields of Arkansas are very extensive, covering an estimated area of more than 7,000,000 acres of land, and in the valley of the Arkansas River, where coal mining is most largely prosecuted, the beds average a thickness of four and one-half feet, while in some localities in Sebastian County it is much thicker. The most valuable deposits have been found in the counties of Sebastian, Scott, Franklin, Johnson, Logan, Pope and Yell. A comparatively small portion of this vast coal deposit has been worked, though the output is steadily increasing at a rate of from 25 to 40 per cent annually. The total number of tons mined in 1882 was 5,000, while during the year 1900 there were 1,442,975 tons mined, showing an increase for the past eighteen years of more than 28,000 per cent.

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The great increase is a matter of but recent growth, as this statement of the coal product of Arkansas since 1897,

by counties, shows:

' County No. of Tons No. of Tons No. of Tons No. of Tons 1897 1898 1900 1903

Franklin, Johnson and Pope . 281,299 328,412 4AD' AGG Cie oes Spy: sald 0s i wn tere iA Aaa SMe tcc Soko ueo ode 350,565 oneeE eS aes Cae RS Ge ee Ge ae a oi te ae MO ee Bs 191,796 (0) 0 ne oh ef Panes NNT wa rote po oles MAS ex 45,000 Sebastian 02 .ce en eee 568,981 871,067 999,479 1,342,536 Logan.and Scottigecrnte bokaaol Ace, oe ne ae ee ee 14,900

Small Mines i nae sce 6,000 6,000 6,000.2 20a ee SPOtAIS reese hee noe 856,190 1,205,479 1,447,945 1,944,797

Most of the coal mined in Arkansas is of a very superior quality, surpassing even the richest semi-anthracite of Pennsylvania. Dr. David Dale Owen, in his Geologicl Reconnoissance of Arkansas, published in 1858, in speaking of the quality of Arkansas coal, says: "The character of the coal is worthy of special notice. The approximate chemical analysis here given shows it to be a semi-anthracite, rich in carbon, and containing a small proportion of ochrecolored ashes, with only 8.4 per cent of volatile matter, including moisture expelled at 300 degrees Fahrenheit. Its specific gravity is 1.335.

Volatile, Matters.7.'24..2).250e Alma MLOISEN TC. aibic aos antes ere 0.5 Volatile Combustible Gases.. 7.9

Fixed 'Carboirs. ¢s.7 ee eenee 85.6

Coke en ier. ne ee ae 91.6 Ash (Ochre Yellow) 6.0 100.0 100.0

Another evidence of the great superiority of Arkans1s coal over that of other states and nations is contained in the following authoritative test:

In the supply of fuel to the army the accepted unit of allowance is the cord of standard oak wood.

Coal is the fuel most generally supplied, and in order to fix the amount that may be issued to troops or sold to an officer in lieu of a cord of oak wood, it is essential that the value as fuel of the particular coal issued or sold be known. To establish the value of the various coals is equally necessary, in order that in making contracts for the supply of coal, award in every instance may be made to the lowest responsible bidder, for the best and most suitable article, as required by law.

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These fuel tests have been conducted during the past year under the immediate supervision of the quartermaster general's office.

The coals tested during the year, with the number of pounds of each required to equal one cord of standard oak wood, were from thirty-six samples sent from mines in several states of this country, and some localities in other parts of the world.

The rating in pounds is as follows:

WAVES soos. cease tc ecu ce PABA Moe ETLLIATIA tere ces Sea, a So sons 2,608 EGHERI a ee Pees vos ss docks oc rye rh ae ike Ae Ror Oe aa aie 2,165 Dew Mexico. i 0 ett S6S2qmihnbisis. 10% eat r he ee ie sk 2,660 RAISE ete 0 8 die bce ms 534 stele' 9/4 2 isaCh MV AI OLOL me): aks Pielnate oi 3,267 Pi@Etipe Wales. lo eu sds bs 0%, 6 TAN Tem COLLAULTAI ee wr Pee Sloe aes 3,024 New South Wales 25047 EDLs? COlUMmDIAg. ©. tess 2,222 Oo fp a a B27AG VPennessee,s fos UL oe eae 2,210 Ee A TRRAE Sead ther, 2 Cipk o Sia sre ae vc 2,188 Huntington, Ark., mine run 1,765 Huntington, Ark., lump 3730

Under date of May 20, 1895, M. I. Ludington, colonel and assistant quartermaster-general, United States Army, and chief quartermaster, Department of Missouri, headquarters at Chicago, IIl., wrote to Col. E. P. Seeley, superintendent of the, Western Coal and Mining Company. ey a test had been made of the coal mined at Jenny Lind, this State, according to the standard prescribed by the We ar Department, with the following result: Jenny Lind, 1,675.

The extent of these coal deposits, the cheapness with which the mineral can be mined, the superior quality of the coals, the transportation facilities now afforded, the increasing popularity and demand for the product of the mines now being worked, the low price at which the coal-bearing lands can be bought, offer excellent opportunities for investment, and we may reasonably expect that in the near future Arkansas will rank as one of the leading coal producing States.

The official analysis of Jenny Lind coal made at the World's Columbian Exposition, by Mr. J. S. Carey, chemist in charge of the mining department, is as follows:

Coal. Coke. VV ater neem cme eee ee eho. ini 3 sols ati a3 40. Ao 50 50 WOlatie@ anc ose te castle eines as tee soles te oon och 18.37 2.17 PSKEA CALDOI ay rete a eT oe Onc Face ee is 78.02 85.57 SSCP alley oo cE ey, oR. ie a i .86 1.06 eR ec gts tak cite ee ee ee ee eaten oh 2.25 10.70

MAEAE hs 6 re TN eee, cee e 100.00 100.00

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The analysis of the Denning, Ark., coal is:

Coal. Water 2s ee bere coe Stes iets che SEITE oe eae een .05 Volatile: eibrgat cea: . Sees 5 a ee bee eee 20.66 Pixed' carbon sion occ eee on 6 ee eg 6 Sulphur 2st. ee Ce. ER, es eee et eee .68 DASA cep iabscsies "a> cpepinl x ag tic ch geteteae ea Ue eas ca RO ee 3.45 Total oe. ae ee a ee es er 100.00

Whetstones, Oilstones And Scythe- Stones.

The sources of supply of siliceous rock in the United States used for sharpening edged tools have been the same for sone years. Arkansas, Indiana and New Hampshire furnish the bulk of the supply, and a small quantity is produced in Vermont. The Arkansas stone is found in the neighborhood of Hot Springs, and is supposed to have been formed by the action of hot water upon the quartz formations. It is found in two varieties, known as "Arkansas" and "'Washita" stone, the grains in the former being smaller and more compact, of a uniform bluish-white color, and semitransparent; while the Washita stone is more opaque and of a pure white color. In Indiana two varieties also occur, known commercially as ""Hindostan" and "Orange" stone, the former being white in color and the latter of a buff or orange tint. The quarries are located in Orange County. 'the quarries in New Hampshire are located in Grafton County, and the product consists of "rift sandstone" and ''chocolate'" whetstone. The Vermont quarries. are located in Orleans County, and the product is used exclusively for scythestones. Some "Labrador" oilstones have in the past been produced at Manlius, Onondaga County, New York, but the factory is now used for the manufacture of oilstones from Arkansas.

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EXTRACT FROM THE UNITED STATES GEO- LOGICAL SURVEY ON THE CAMDEN COAL FIELDS OF SOUTH- WESTERN ARKANSAS.

By Joseph H. Tapt.

Bogcationiofsl Hea Coa Field:

The part of this coal field examined by the writer lies in the northcentral portion of Ouachita County, Arkansas, contiguous to the immediate valley of the Ouachita River, and to the Camden Branch of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway. It includes nearly fifty square miles. The larger part of this area is in township 12 south, range 18 west, where most of the active prospecting and mining has been done. 'The coal-bearing rocks are exposed east, west and south from the district examined. Throughout a broad area, which covers part of several counties, the same coal is reported to occur, but, chiefly on account of facilities for transportation, the Camden field has been more extensively prospected and developed than any other locality in southwestern Arkansas.

Chara Clercoraeh Ey Country:

The surface of this portion of Arkansas consists of broad alluvial river valleys and a dissected upland. The valleys consist of first and second bottoms bordering the rivers and large creeks. Their surfaces are covered by sands and silts deposited by the streams during floods. At present the high waters of these streams cover only a part of the alluvial valley lands, the first bottoms.

At the border of the alluvial bottom lands the surface rises rather abruptly, nearly 150 feet, to the general level of the highlands. The rocks in the highlands are of such a nature that they disintegrate readily, permitting the small streams to cut their way rapidly downward. Asa result the surface of the highlands. especially near the river, are dissected by a very irregular system of drainage channels. Even the rivulets, by headwater erosion, have cut small gulches in the soft rock, often to their sources.

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Age Of The Coal-Bearing Rocks.

In the annual report of the Geological Survey of Arkansas for 1888, Volue II, pages 50-51, Mr. R. T. Hill discusses the geology of the rocks in the region west of Camden and north of Texarkana. Mr. Hill determines that the rocks of the Camden coal fields belong to the epoch of the Eocene Tertiary, and calls the coal-bearing formation the Camden series or Camden formation. He states that it extends from Louisiana across southern Arkansas into Texas. He reports the occurrence of lignites or ligneous shales in the bluff of Ouachita River near Camden, and at the mouth of the Little Missouri River. Mr. Hill's work was confined to the valley of the Ouachita River in his surveys in Ouachita County, and hence did not see the Camden coal.

Mr. Gilbert D. Harris published a report on the rocks of Ouachita County in his volume of the reports of the Arkansas Geological Survey. It was Mr. Harris' object first to determine the age of the rocks by means of the fossil shells which they contain, and then to describe their character. He investigated many localities in Ouachita County, as well as those on the Ouachita River visited by Messrs. Owen and Hill. Mr. Harris visited the mine in section 12, township 12 south, range 18 west, and reported Owen's section of the coal to be substantially correct.

Mr. Harris verified Mr. Hill's determination of the Eocene age of the coal-bearing rocks of Ouachita County, and classified them with the lignitic stage. of Mississipp1 and Alabama. He reports that these coal-bearing rocks form the surface of considerable area in Dallas, Columbia, Hempstead, Lafayette and Miller counties, as well as Ouachita.

Character Of The Rocks.

The rocks in the part of the Camden coal field examined by the writer are soft sand and clay shales, except local ferruginous sandstone and ironstone segregations. 'These sands and clays are compact, but not consolidated. The fresh clays are plastic when wet, and the sands, except where locally indurated, are friable and break down soon after exposure. As a result of these characteristics, fresh exposures of rock are exceedingly rare. Occasional cuttings in old roadways, recent excavations at mines, and exposure

at some of the numerous springs which issue from the coal! outcrop give the only fresh rock exposures.

The rocks are well exposed in the bluffs at the mouth of the Little Missouri, where the river is cutting into the highland, a few miles north of the outcrop of the Camden coal. 'They are also exposed at Camden, where the river again approaches the highland. 'The latter locality is south of all the known occurrences of coal in this field.

Pee OUCURRENGCH AND STRUCTURE OF "TTIP, OAT

The approximate location of the outcrop of the Camden coal bed is on the east side of the field between the neighborhood of Camden and French Creek.

The Camden coal extends into the highland westward from Ecora Fabre Creek, and is reported to crop out in the valleys at a number of places through western Ouachita County.

The Camden coal bed and the rocks associated with it when examined locally appear to lie in a nearly horizontal position. When considered over a large area, however, the rocks are found to dip or incline southward, approximately . the same as the fall of the Ouachita River.

The mine in the northeast quarter, section 12, township 12 south, range 18 west, is the oldest known in this district The coal at this place was examined and reported upon by Dr. David Dale Owen, State Geologist of Arkansas, in

Dr. Owen reported six feet of coal in the old mine, which is now closed. A new drift was recently opened beside the old mine to a distance of fifty feet, and the coal at the face of the new mine is three feet six inches thick. This coal was also examined by Mr. G. D. Harris of the recent Geological Survey of Arkansas, about 1892. Mr. Harris reports the same thickness of coal as is given by Dr. Owen.

Composition Of The Camden Coal.

It is necessary to discuss the composition here only so far as it bears on the adaptability of the coal as fuel and for the production of illuminating gas and oil. To this end its physical properties will be considered first. and then its chemical composition.

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Physical Properties—The physical properties which have an important bearing upon the use of the coal as a fuel or its color, texture, fracture, hardness, and its power to give out and absorb water under different conditions of exposure.

The Camden coal as it comes from the mine is brownish black and compact, and has a generally uniform, even texture or structure. Occasional fragments of lignite with clearly marked woody structure may be seen. It has an uneven, conchoidal fracture. It is soft but not friable; that is, it may be easily mined with a pick and may be cut with a knife as readily as compact dry clay, but it will not crumble between the fingers. When cut or scratched with a knife it shows a shiny or oily streak. Upon being exposed to dry air the coal contracts and cracks, both along the bedding and at right angles to it, so that fragments may be broken with the hand, but the mass does not fall to pieces. The coal is then blacker and harder than when fresh, and the streak or powder is more nearly black. On being exposed for a short time to the repeated action of rain or dew and sun, however, it will disintegrate into small particles.

Chemical Composition.—A proximate chemical analysis of a coal is that usually made for determining its commercial value. Such an analysis expresses very nearly the amounts of the various products of the coal which determine its uses and value. These products are: (1) Water, (2) volatile combustible matter, (3) fixed carbon, (4) ash and (5) sulphur. Of these five substances only the volatile combustible matter and fixed carbon are essential. They form the fuel of the coal, while the other substances are waste. The value of the coal as a fuel depends chiefly upon the percentage of fixed carbon, it being more stable and producing more heat upon oxidation than the volatile combustible matter. The latter includes the combustible gas, oils and tar of the coal, and is easily kindled and rapidly consumed.

Coals are classified according to the ratio of their fixed carbon to their volatile combustible matter. When this ratio is more than one and less than five, that is, when the percentage of fixed carbon is greater than that of the volatile combustible matter, but less than five times as great—and when the water is less than 10 per cent, the coal is classed as bituminous. When the above ratio is less than one and

the percentage of water more than ten, the coal is classed as

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lignite. The greater the ratios between these two products the higher is the grade of coal.

Instead of aiding combustion the water consumes heat in being evaporated from the coal when the latter is burned. Water, therefore, has a negative value and is an important element in the classification of coals.. When the content of water ranges above 10 per cent the coal is usually classed as a brown coal, or lignite.

The sulphur in coals usually occurs in combination with iron, and by its oxidation it aids combustion slightly, but it attacks and corrodes the grate bars and boilers. It is therefore decidedly objectionable, and coals which contain large percentages of it become practically valueless as fuel.

TABLE OF PROXIMATE ANALYSES. on Water— 2 och & g uy : : Ay res ne) e ere, Variety of Locality Og H a oO % Hs ob S wy Oy at ts ¢ 2. 3 2 a a Sylar aa 3 . s Kon) 4 7) 3 oe Os o ve Pore Pao hd dé wa laal as Pr ct.jPr ct./Pr ct./Pr ct./Prct.| Pr ct. Coal, mine, Oua—|38.72:36.9016.90) 7.50) lignite. chita County, Arkansas. : Coal, or Sec. 12, 5.85; lignite. 18 W., Ouachita ; County, Ark. Coal, or Sec. 10, T. 12 S.,R./82.76 32.90.23 .32/11.32) .48 9.8123.09b10.25 lignite. 18 W., Ouachita County, Ark.

Wa Analyses 1-3 mate - in the Laboratory of the United States 7 2 Survey, by George Steiger. In 154 hours. Technical Analysis.—In order to ascertain the gas producing qualities of the Camden coal a quantity of it was shipped to the Pittsburg Testing Laboratory, Limited, Pittsburg, Pa., for testing. The test was made under the following conditions: The apparatus consisted of a cast eae retort set horizontally in brick work, heated by natural ga Connected with the retort was a system of iron tubes w hich were cooled by contact with the air. In these the tar and water condensed. The gas then passed through about four inches of water in a rectangular copper vessel, called the scrubber, and thence to a cylindrical purifier, containing dry slacked lime. It next passed through a gas meter, and was finally collected in a cylindrical holder. For photometric work a standard sperm candle in a Bunsen photometer was used. The gas was burned at the rate

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of five cubic feet per hour in an Argand burner. Ten readings were taken and the results were averaged. By the use of tables the volume of gas obtained was calculated to standard temperature and pressure. 'The temperature of the retort was between 10,800 degrees and 2,000 degrees F.

The test was made under the direction of a man familiar with practical gas manufacture.

The quantity of gas obtained per ton of 2,000 pounds of coal was 11,386 cubic feet of 22.3 candle power.

The following table enables a comparison to be made between the Camden coal and other standard gas coals. The first six coals in the table were tested by the same apparatus under similar conditions and the results are, therefore, strictly comparable.

Gas-Producing Qualities Of Camden And Other Coals.

Cubic feet of gas} Candle

No. |Character of Coal Source of Coal per ton of coal |power of gas De Lisette aera Camden, Arkatisds7. fetus see 11,386 22.3 2 Bituminous .. Washington County, Pennsylvania... 9,880 16.9 2 Be ee ey fe RAS ries poe eas Be ETF PRR ODS oo nee COE 9,920 AD oe dO Sia a deal aoe SAO Tee a aa e ete a tegen 10,120 18.36 bee Cannel see 2 oa.ee Reaves County, Pennsylvania 10,160 22.5 OLA Re dor aie Kentucky Wea hia eee eee Cee 12,540 30.53 7 Bituminous ... Upper Monongahela River, Pittsburg Gas Co. 9,500-10,000 16. AS liamidOurtka seen Silkstone seam, Yorkshire, England 10,000—11,000 15-17 9 OWS nk eee Newcastle, England. eee ctdba shies ak 10,760 16.2 (Average 3 typical coals.) 10 F3UG Lea dee South Yorkshire, England .. 11,000 17. a OY pret: few eee oe es Derbyshire, England se ose sb toabeapet avant 10,500 15. 127) (Cannel wae. Scotch Cannel Sonera, ce 2 ole Stews 12,350 nee

a 8-12, Thorpe, Dictionary of Applied Chemistry, Vol. II.

It will be seen from this table that the Camden lignite is superior, both in yield and in candlepower of gas, to the standard bituminous coals of Pennsylvania and England, and that as a gas producer it is inferior only to the best cannel coals.

Granite.

The immense beds of this stone are now attracting general attention. Whether as paving stone, or as building material, the Arkansas granite is unsurpassed. The splendid courthouse at Little Rock is a monument to this beautiful stone. Large quantities of it have been used for paving purposes in Louisville, Ky., and Little Rock. Several large quarries near Little Rock are doing a handsome business. The census of 1890 says: "Arkansas, though holding next to the last place in the list of States for 1889, will doubtless show a much greater output in the course of a few years,

me eae

owing to the developments already made in the vicinity of Little Rock of what is known as Fourche Mountain granite, which is, strictly speaking, syenite."'

Uses Of Blue Granite.

The blue granite (pulaskite) has already been quarried to a considerable extent, both as a building stone and as a material for roads, either in the form of Belgian blocks for streets or of crushed stone for macadamized highways. As a building stone it has been used very largely in the form of window and door sills, window caps, water tables, stone steps, and foundation materials, and has also been used as the principal wall stone in several large edifices.

The Pulaski County courthouse, on the corner of Second and Spring streets, Little Rock, is built above the basement of blue granite (pulaskite), trimmed with limestone.

The basement is constructed of the brown granite (dike rock). The building is tasteful, and the contrast between the different stones used in its construction is very pleasing.

The Roman Catholic Cathedral, on the corner of Seventh and Louisiana streets, Little Rock, is built partly of the blue and partly of the brown granite, but the two stones are mingled in such a way as to give a somewhat mottled appearance to the building. It is, therefore, not as handsome a building as would have been produced had either rock been used alone.

The Dallas County courthouse, in Dallas, Tex., is built in part of the blue granite of Arkansas, and is already so far completed as to show that it will be an extremely handsome building. Several other buildings in Dallas are built in part of the Arkansas stone.

The First Methodist Church, of Memphis, Tenn., is built mostly of the blue granite, and this material has been extensively used in the construction of a large brewery in the same city.

T'he stone appears in many store fronts, retaining walls, bridge piers and abutments throughout the State, and has also been much used for such minor purposes as hitching and gate posts and mounting blocks.

Thousands of tons of this rock have been quarried for Belgian blocks, and have been shipped to many of the neighboring cities, as Louisville, Memphis, etc., as well as having

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been used in Little Rock itself. No better stone can be conceived of for this purpose, for it fulfills all the requirements that are made of such material. It is strong enough to withstand any blow it may receive and at the same time is hard enough to resist the wear to which it may be subjected better than any known granite or syenite. - It does not become smooth and slippery under continual wear as paving blocks consisting of only one mineral or very fine grained constituents are known to do.

Bauxite Deposits:

It is found that we have in Arkansas, in Saline and Pulaski counties, a mineral that is used in the manufacture of aluminum, a metal of great and rapidly increasing importance, as well as for other useful purposes. This is the mineral bauxite (bozite), sometimes called "honey-comb rock,' through the region in which it occurs in this State.

Bauxite is not a common mineral in any part of the world, and as it has a spongy, earthy appearance, and is very light, there is nothing about it to attract the attention, and © this is probably the reason it has been so long overlooked. In order that there may be no mistake about its identity, samples of the common varieties have been deposited with the commissioner of agriculture in the statehouse.

In some places bauxite has been prospected upon with a view to using it as an iron ore; in others, so little has been thought of it that it has been quarried and used for building roads. In most cases the exact thickness of the deposits has not been determined, but in general it varies from a few feet to over forty feet in thickness; it is thought safe to place its average thickness at about fifteen feet. Like all bauxite, it varies considerably in composition, and in a general way its value depends upon its having a high percentage of alumina and low percentage of iron and silica. A few of the analyses made by the survey are therefore given. In order that some opinion may be formed of its value, I give briefly the most important uses to which bauxite is or may be put. Bauxite is available for the tollowing purposes :

1. The manufacture of aluminum.

2. The manufacture of the highest grades of refractory materials, and for increasing the refractoriness of fire

clay.

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3. The manufacture of the highest grades of alum and aluminate of soda used in dyeing and calico printing.

The studies made by the geological survey of the occurrence of this mineral in Arkansas and in other parts of the world lead to the following general conclusions, which may be of value in judging of the importance of these discoveries, and in seeking deposits other than those mentioned in the list below :

I. Bauxite occurs in Arkansas only in tertiary areas and in the neighborhood of eruptive rocks (granite).

II. Inasmuch as sedimentary beds overlie or have overlain the bauxite, it is probable that there are deposits in the vicinty of eruptive rocks not yet uncovered by the natural process of erosion.

III. It occurs in regular deposits whose thickness and extent are determinable only by direct methods of examination. 3

IV. In the Little Rock region it has thus far been found only at and below the elevation of 300 feet above tide level. :

V. The Arkansas bauxite beds are known to cover a total area of about 640 acres in Saline and Pulaski counties.

VI. All bauxite vary considerably in color, character, composition and value.

VII. Although some varieties contain a high percentage of iron, none of them have any value as iron ores. (This is the pisolitic iron ore. )

VIII. With the exception of a single bed in Georgia, the Arkansas deposits of bauxits are the only ones thus far discovered in the United States, and such deposits are - nowhere abundant, so far as is now known.

Below is given a list of the land upon which bauxite was discovered by the geological survey of Arkansas; but does not purport to be the only lands in the State upon which the deposits of this ore may be found:

THE LITTLE ROCK REGION. In Township 1 North, Range 12 West.

Section 24. It occurs in the northeast quarter, at the middle of the south side of this section. 'The bed is cut by the Little Rock and Sweet Home turnpike, near the south base of Fourche Mountain, and the bauxite has been used in building the pike. The following is an analysis of a sample from this locality:

silica, 255'. sik se~ at aie iigws -Sind cae tee e ee 10.13 per cent. Alumina se eeeee PAPO ce pened eye tot: Ae ek ey Sete 55-59 per cent. Iron' (ferric) "oxides y... fo. cue teenie le eee eee 6.08 per cent. Water 0. ATER ae ae 28.99 per cent.

In this same section it covers a large part of the southeast half of the forty-acre tract upon which Hon. C. C. Bliss' house stands.

Section 25. It is exposed in the middle of the west side of the northeast quarter, in the edge of the field west of the Confederate Home. From this point the deposit seems to extend southwest by west, along the foot of the granite ridge.

A well dug on lot 11 in the village of Ridgewood passed through seven feet of bauxite.

It occurs also at the southwest corner of section 25. It occurs again an eighth of a mile due south of the center of section 25, near the road and in the field to the northwest of this point. Due southwest from the center of section 25, and less than a quarter of a mile away, it outcrops in the top of a hill, and is exposed at several places around its summit.

Section 26. At the middle of the north side of this section, principally in the northeast of the northwest, and also extending into the section just north of it, there is another deposit.

Section 36. On the northwest corner of this section bauxite is exposed about the brow of the hill west of Mr. Tarplay's.

An average sample from this locality gave the following analvsis:

Silica sO Ab eee caGeeiat wale ben es Dede b a biete Gate ams oe claw reer 11.48 per cent. Adviniingd. 20205 eh 6 Pas ence nk: te ee Pa ee 37.62 per cent. Tron (ferric) coxides i ot te nc ee catia nine © te cereal oe 1.83 per cent. Water Fe ee eee tee einer nt cee 28.63 per cent.

. In Township 1 South, Range 12 West.

There are two exposures on the southwest of the southwest of section 4, near the turnpike. One of them is on the summit of the little hill 100 feet west of the pike, just half a mile north of its southern end; the other is about 600 feet south of the first, on the west side of the road, and less than thirty feet from it. In section 5, near the center of the southeast quarter of the southwest quarter, it is exposed. Again, on the south half of the southeast quarter of section 5, on the hill east of Littlejohn's.

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Four exposures are known on section 9, as follows: First, at the center of the west side of the northeast quarter, just north of where the "middle Pine Bluff road" joins the turnpike. The beds here are over twenty feet thick. Second, about fifty feet west of the junction of the pike with the Pine Bluff road. Third, west of the Pine Bluff road, in the southeast of the southwest. Fourth, west of the Pine Bluff road, in the northeast of the southwest.

The Mabelvale Region.

The deposits known as the Mabelvale region are all in township 1 south, range 13 west, as follows:

On section 2, in the southwest of the southeast. This is near the line between sections 2 and 11.

On section 10, east of the house of J. W. Hopkins, on the east half of the northwest quarter, and also on the northeast of the northeast quarter. The road running east, southeast from Mabelvale, passes over the latter deposits about half a mile from the railway station.

On section 11 the deposit mentioned as occurring on section 3 seems to extend into section 11 for a short distance.

On section 12 it occurs on the southeast quarter of the . northwest quarter.

The Saline County Region.

The exposures in the Saline County area are all, so far as they are now known, in township 2 south, range 14 west, as follows:

On section 1 a very ferruginous variety occurs on the northwest quarter. This deposit lies along the line between sections 1 and 2, and it may extend into the latter section.

On section 2, about half a mile north of where the Camden and Little Rock road crosses Hurricane Creek, is a ferruginous deposit of bauxite. There is some doubt about the exact location of this bed.

On section 3 it occurs on the southeast of the southwest, where it has been opened up for iron ore. Two samples from this locality have the following composition :

BLACK VARIETY. STC Pa, ee te or is, he tere ho atin ais atte atainyn s Macoey0' 6 5.11 per cent. A Titttiina ¢ fee eliot ios he teikae SP eee are 55.86 per cent. Bron ( ferric aici ne ser veces cc cia recites hues 19.45 per cent.

BAPAUCTS 9.9.5, ets ce a eae ote Colt hale nd wih oni aie ey inlets he wistit7 +30) percent.

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Red Variety.

Silica 1. ie Seay aiee GREE oe Slehet anes cle eae ae 4.89 per cent. Aluiiind o abaaaiyg Me deep Bice oe ee 46.44 per cent. Lron ~Uferric)® Oxides... sane. cleat tees Seen 22.15 per cent, Waterson... 2OMESORE MRIS FET. Sere Oris lee eee oe 26.68 per cent.

On sections 9 and 10 the deposits are red, brown and cream colored. They lie on the southwest of the southwest of 10 and extend into the southeast corner of 9. It has been opened up for iron. A sample of the red variety from section 9 was analyzed, with the following result:

Silica sss a Pee ick re ees a Cee ee eer eee 3.34 per cent. Alumina yiscepd dee' eee PS Sel eer sas oP ea ata 58.60 per cent. Tron. Cterric) £0 S100. a veges tans: os eee ene ee g.II per cent. Wihater in otecatast ccm. teeter e Seren sweet) enna eee eee 28.63 per cent.

On section 14 it is exposed on the northeast quarter and it appears to form a continuous deposit running toward the southwest and ending near the center of the section. It seems to have been struck also in digging a well on the northwest of the southwest of this section.

On section 15 the beds of section 10 seem to extend into the northwest quarter of section 15. See description of section 10.

On section 16 it covers a large part of the eastern half of this section, being, in places, more than thirty feet thick

On section 22 it occurs in the northwest of the southeast. On section 23 it extends through the northern tier of forties, from near the middle of the northeast of the northeast to a little west of the northeast of the northwest. It occurs also on the southwest quarter of this section.

On section 25 it is found on the northeast of the northwest, a quarter of a mile south of J. Childress's house.

Kaolin, Deposits:

Kaolin is known to occur in Pike, Pulaski, Saline and Ouachita counties. The Pike County beds are on Vaughan's Creek, in township 8 south, range 24 west, section 19. So far as these beds have been prospected, they are too thin (two feet) and too much stained with iron to have any value, but their geological and topographical position leads to the belief that they may be found thicker and under a protective covering that will render them valuable. The samples exhibited in the agricultural department and labeled "Pulaski County" are from Pike County. Kaolin of this particular kind is not known in this State outside of Pike County. Analysis of Pike County Kaolin:

SC eee oe ee cel weal ee at od, spine id eel 48.87 per cent.

WET ecg con RR eae ays I dee yc 8 Pana ye EA a 36.54 per cent.

TE OfaE Aer ICO RU Gees rages oto he k Stole: 250 eg ae oe 0.98 per cent.

PT oe lee, Re ORS ie Se ete eee ts Eee 0.19 per cent.

vy st el ac eu eet de eee tae Sie peli oe binge eke ia nan eae 0.25 per cent.

WTEC MOS RE ea ae cet es NS Lie ks Bee ee A le Ce ee 13.29 per cent. Total

oN is aL ea ee ee 100.09 per cent.

The Pulaski County kaolin is either modified bauxite or decayed granite. The localities of the bauxite have already been given. Other kaolin deposits occur in several localities in the vicinity of Fourche Mountain and Saline County eranites. in 1 north, 12 west, 1 south, 12 west, and 2 south, 14 west. There are several localities in section 9, 1 south, 12 west. The following is an analysis of a sample of kaolin from section 9, 1 south, 12 west.

pS Sot A Ne 45 SS RE a OT AD mane BRAY ee Sn 46.27 per. cent. ciplele Cyc h OW. oe a alle Ae ALE ereae be ARP e 38.57 per cent. Bro Pe CEG Ve OAC i ek Sn tee ew sa hts Pant 4th 136° per cenit, PM ey. fold ee ee ade PETE O? Po aad. Lx Teh ieee 0.34 per cent. a ay Ee Pag A aie aad RB ae OE Cas coven Fees o 0.25 per cent. Orme See rey eens SCI er Ie Ie cals ate es 0.23 per cent. Saito, yelp Wy 42 ae OAS Oe pe BEE LATO COAL ASSY oes Cas 0.37 per cent. eR ET Ne. dn cciectni Dh cael § £4 6 STOLE CRIA Re? 13.61 per cent. Total

Bree aide! Cid Mate ae nee sce s pie, eke + Pike Rtetate pete aivotee POLO set Cent,

The Ouachita County kaolin deposits form regular beds interstratified with other tertiary rocks. One important bed has been examined in township 12 south, range 18 west, section 2, which has a thickness of more than twelve feet, the entire thickness not having been seen. The outcrop of this bed is exposed at but few places, but it is probably several miles in length.

The true nature of this material would hardly be suspected from its general appearance, or from an analysis of it as it comes from the ground, for it resembles a sandy clay. If the sand be washed out and the material analyzed it is found to have the same composition as some of the best kaolins. The following is an analysis of the Ouachita County kaolin after the greater part of the sand has been removed. An analysis of a washed sample of Pennsylvania kaolin from Brandywine Summit is given for comparison:

Ouachita County Pennsylvania

Kaolin. Kaolin. AMES de. ad ek Eee wet oe) 48.62 47.24 Pare Pierric oxi Ges er ab ies 1 Pk oa weds. oa tts 74 1.94 OIE alae ovens PULL eae See the Roba oie Re 36.52 37297

DEAS 1 ei RE Ae Sa? Re itn eget dee 14.80 13.62

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Native Chalk.

Charles B. Walcott, director of the United States Geological Survey, has issued a bulletin on the chalk of the southwestern part of Arkansas, and notes on their adaptability to hydraulic cement manufacture. From this report we quote the following extracts:

The chalk and chalk-marl deposits of southwestern Arkansas, said Mr. Joseph A. Taft, in Part III of the Twenty-second Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, were first described by R. T. Hill in the annual report of the Geological Survey of Arkansas for 1888, in which volume Dr. J. C. Branner, then State Geologist of Arkansas, briefly described the manufacture of Portland cement, and showed that the chalk deposits compared favorably with the best English chalk as Portland cement materials.

The publication of the Arkansas survey called attention to these chalk deposits, and as a result an extensive Portland cement plant was established at White Cliffs. This development caused greater interest in the Arkansas chalk deposits, creating further demand for information.

The chalk deposits of southwestern Arkansas occur in a low rolling plain from the vicinity of Rocky Comfort, about fifty miles from the State line, northeastward towards Arkadelphia. It is the northeastward part of the great chalk formation which extends from central Texas into Arkansas. The purer chalk outcrops in three separate areas, (1) at Rocky Comfort in Little River County, (2) White Cliffs in Little River and Sevier counties, and (3) eastward from Saline Landing in Howard and Hempstead counties. The chalk in these areas belong to the-same formation, and are separated by later deposits of gravel and sand.

The pure chalk formation has a variable thickness from more than 100 feet in the western part of the area to thin deposits in the eastern part. It occurs in the midst of fine chalky and clay marls into which it grades with gradual change. Throughout its occurrence it is well exposed and suitably located for exploitation. The Rocky Comfort challx lies within one mile of the Arkansas & Choctaw Railroad. which extends westward from the main line of the Kansas City Southern at Ashdown. The White Cliffs chalk outcrops in cliffs and bluffs above Little River, where it is well and conveniently exposed for use in the manufacture of

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cement near the cement works. A branch road connects the White Cliffs deposits with the main line of the Kansas City Southern Railway at Wilton.

The Saline Landing area lies between the Arkansas & Louisiana and West Saline River, and ten miles from the main line of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway. 'The chalk at Saline Landing is at the head of navigation for small steamers on the Saline River, and is separated from the Chalk at White Cliffs by a space of about four and one-half miles.

Lying above the pure chalk of the White Cliffs formation, and separated from it by nearly 200 feet of marls, there is a formation of chalk-marl known as the Saratoga chalkmarl. 'This formation occurs in three separate areas, one extending from the vicinity of Saline Landing northeastward beyond Washington, another in the region of Okolona, and a third in the Decipher Creek valleys near Arkadelphia. The chalk-marl formation resembles closely the lower and more sandy portion of the White Cliffs chalk. This formation continues throughout its known occurrence with little variation in thickness of about forty feet.

Mr. Taff's report discusses briefly the nature of natural and Portland cements, and their methods of manufacture, giving analyses of both natural and Portland cements, also of the various chalks, marls and clays in the Arkansas region, which show that a considerable part of the chalk deposits in Arkansas approach very closely in composition to natural and Portland cement limestones which have been utilized in France and in the eastern part of the United States. A large part of the chalk, however, is shown to rival the purest chalks in England, which have been used in the manufacture of the highest grades of Portland cement. To the pure chalk for Portland cement it is necessary to add clays or marls carrying a large percentage of clay. Clays of the very best grade are found in the tertiary deposits lying immediately south of this region and further east along the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway, toward Little Rock. The fine-textured marls which occur here associated with the chalks are shown by their analyses to contain. clays adequate when mixed with the chalk to produce a proper combination for a high-grade of Portland cement. It is evident that there is sufficient chalk and marl in the Arkansas region to produce an unlimited amount of Portland cement.

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The nearest Portland cement manufactories are located in north Texas and Kansas, leaving the whole region of Indian Territory, Oklahoma, Arkansas and a large portion of Louisiana, and other Southern States east of the Mississippi, which could be supplied with little competition by the Arkansas deposits. The transportation to all directions is good. This is an inviting field for capitalists who would take hold of it and push it to the front.

Mineral Resources And Mining Of North Arkansas.

By Jas. A. Flinn, Harrison, Ark.

Before entering upon a detailed description of the mineral resources of this section of the State, it will not be out of place to first notice its geographical location with reference to other mineral-bearing districts. The fact that there is mineral here of the best quality, and, apparently, in inexhaustible quantity, will be shown a little further on by some of the very best authorities; but the paramount question of the investor is both quantity and quality.

No one will dispute that Joplin, Aurora, Granby and other mineral districts just north of us have shown to the world that they have an excellent quality and an unlimited quantity of fine zinc and lead; and if our section of the country is situated in the mineral bearing age of the world, if our conditions, geographically, are the same as Jonlin, Aurora and other mineral-bearing districts of northwestern Ilinois and southwest Wisconsin, and southeast Missouri, then it is not improbable that our results should be the some.

In regard to the quality, our zinc has made its own reputation, having been awarded the highest prize ot the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1903. As a further evidence of the quality, we know of no hetter onthoritw to quote than Prof, T..C. Branner, former State Geolootst of Arkansas. and at present professor of geolooy in Teland Stanford University, California.

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In his report Prof. Branner says:

"Much of this zinc ore is within 1 per cent theoretically pure zinc ore, and has less than one-third per cent of iron, thus increasing its value. It is much more easily mined than the zinc of Missouri, because it is on the mountain sides, but it is seventy-five miles from any railroad, and therefore undeveloped.

"The cost of mining is greatly reduced by the character of the gangue and the absence of water. The ease of development, the absence of water, the facility of ore treatment and low cost, the purity of the ores and their consequent high values, together with the low cost of living, commends property to the working miner.

"IT beg leave to say that the analysis [ have made of the Arkansas zinc ores shows them to be high grade. Theoretically pure zinc blend, which is rarely, if ever, found, contains 67 per cent of zinc, and the high grade Muissourt concentrates contain only 62 per cent of zinc. Here are some of the analysis of the Arkansas zinc blend ore taken at random, viz:

Per cents zinc, 62.0, 64.0, 65.0, 65.0, 66.0, 65.0.

er cents iron 0.09, 0.2670015, 01159015, 0:62:

Average per cent zinc, 65.25.

Average per cent iron, 0.32.

"T mention the iron because the low percentage of it increases the value of the zinc ore and because an ore having 5 per cent or more of iron is considered inferior."

The mining report of W. Albert Chapman, civil engineer, on the geological formation of this district, contains the following:

The geological formation of this region is that of the Silurian period, overlaid in some localities by members of the Devonion period. The magnesium and limestone formation is par excellence the zinc bearing formation of the world. In it are found the zinc and lead ores of Missouri, Arkansas and Illinois, occurring in great deposits in blanket form veins or in irregular forms. It is in the low silurian rock that the lead and zine are found in the greatest abundance. In those localities that have yet the Cherokee limestones and sand rocks overlaying the silurian, the mineral can only be reached at great expense and considerable depth. Thus at Joplin, Mo., or Galena, Kan.; and surrounding points, no one expects to find mineral within less than eighty

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feet of the surface, generally 130, and more often 200 to 400 feet, and some as low as 800 feet.

But in the Yellville District, being more broken and shattered at an early period, the subcarboniferous rocks have nearly all been weathered away and the mineral bearing lower silurian rocks exposed to the surface. 'This is why the minerals are found so abundantly near the surface. After one has studied the geological formations of the Ozark Mountains and comes to understand the nature of the rock out of which the lead and zinc are taken, he will naturally turn to that part of the country for his prospecting and mining where nature has done the most for the miner and has made his labors easiest.

The outlook of north Arkansas as a mining district of permanent productiveness, and, as a consequence, a field of profitable investment of capital, is beyond contradiction. Prospectors who come here readily grasp the fact patent to the man of experience and ordinary powers of observation, that this field presents a mining proposition as safe and promising as any mineral locality in the United States.

It would be impracticable to attempt to minutely describe the numerous mines that have already attracted wide attention and comment; but since so much has been said and written about the famous ''Morning Star" mine, a brief description of this wonderful mine will not be out of place here. This mine has, and justly so, been declared to be the richest zinc mine in the world—not the richest in daily profit, but the richest in visible deposit of ore. Old miners who have examined it estimate that it will take ten years to cut out the leadand sheets of ore now in sight. The numerous seams and sheets of jack and the great bowlders of carbonate stand out in the full light of day. It was from the "Morning Star" that the tremendous bowlder of carbonate of zinc that took first prize at the World's Fair at Chicago was taken. This bowlder weighed 12,750 pounds. It was taken from the upper cut of the mine, 200 feet above the level of Rush Creek, and the ledge from which it was quarried. This ledge, worked on from time to time since, has broadened in surface until it now has a face of thirty-five feet in full view 'from the valley 200 feet below. The ore of this ledge is pure carbonate of zinc, and without milling, has in the past been shipped direct to the smelting works, where it is being manufactured into either spelter or paint.

Oi

Few industries have grown more rapidly than zinc mining. Expansion, progress and improvement are everywhere in evidence in northwest Arkansas, until now mining is being done on most extensive plans, new territory is being prospected, new mines are being opened up, and many of the valuable. holdings are passing from the control of individuals into the hands of great corporations and syndicates. New men are becoming interested in the great American industry of lead and zinc mining, are introducing new ideas into the old timers, and busy scenes are enacted.

New life is infused by the advent of the eastern investor, improved methods of operation have aroused the latent enetgies of our native miners, who are at last beginning to realize the full extent of the wealth with which this country is blessed.

Eastern and foreign capital has aided very materially in developing this great field so far, and has given a new impetus to zinc mining. Many old mines that were abandoned because of the primitive ways of mining then in use have been reopened, and can now be mined with great profit, property value has increased, new towns have sprung up, and the great mining district of north Arkansas, with its almost inexhaustible quantities of high-grade ore, can surely count on a bright and prosperous future.

Capitalists are beginning to appreciate the advantages and benefits of safe mining investments, and the great possibilities that zinc mining in this section of the country offers. The results of this are shown in the fact that during the past year nearly $2,000,000 have been invested in zinc and lead mining properties, including lands, leases and mining machinery and plants of all kinds. These conditions make the future of this district very promising, and some wonderful improvements in the great mineral belt are sure to result from the substitution of the modern methods of mining.

State Lands.

The State of Arkansas owns and holds almost 500,000 acres of public lands. 'T'hese lands are to be found in every county in the State, more or less.

About four-fifths of the public lands, owned by the State, are subject to donation—a kind of State homestead law—which we publish herewith for the information of homeseekers.

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For $10.50 cash a donation entry may be made on 160 acres or less of these State lands, which sum is in full of all charges by the State. A most easy and cheap way of getting a home.

There is no distinction, in the methods of entry and purchase, between agricultural and mineral State lands.

The following statement shows the classes of lands and the number of acres subject to disposal by the State of Arkansas on September 30, 1904:

Quantity of forfeited lands subject to donation or sale at

Sriasiperlacredy oor heise ne a ere Sees eee 450,480.45 Swampy land fet ais oem ok Hi cast oa ee Ro corner eae 6,993.99 Internal improvement. land: osc cect. et 3,671.18 Saline land Ae eee Pl ET AEC ee ae Cae re eee 3,707 .27 Realulistate Bank) land ioe: 2s eee eee 2,214.39 seminary land iss oisaas iets pales ae ee, ee 1.88

Totalanumber, of aeresi, so22 4c eee eee 467,069. 16

None except the lands forfeited for taxes are subject to donation. In no case can more than 160 acres of land be donated to one person. Applicants for donation simply apply to the State Land Commissioner for whatever right the State may have in and to the lands desired, and the fee is for service rendered and not in payment for the land. The State gives a quitclaim to the land, on the condition that it be improved, occupied and cultivated by the donee.

Forfeited land is subject to sale at $1.25 per acre. Sixty per cent of the amount may be paid in county scrip (of the county in which the lands are situated), and the remaining 40 per cent in State scrip or currency or certificate of indebtedness, or the whole amount may be paid in State scrip or currency.

Internal improvements, saline and swamp lands are sold ati Shi2s penacte:

Seminary lands are sold at $1 per acre.

Bank lands are sold at the appraised value.

All sales are for cash. The purchase money and fee must be paid into the State treasury before a deed can be issued from the State land office.

Forfeited lands come to this office by deeds or certificates from the county clerks, in which many errors occur, many of which are detected and corrected in this office, while others are of such a nature that it is impossible for the commissioner to detect them—as in cases where persons hold receipts for taxes paid for the same year reported forfeited, and where the United States homestead entries are

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reported forfeited before the land becomes taxable. Where persons purchase forfeited lands, and the forfeiture afterwards proves to be an error, the purchase money cannot be refunded, as the Legislature made no appropriation for paying such claims.

The courts have sustained tax titles where the land was subject to taxation at date of forfeiture, and where the forfeiture was taken in conformity with the law. For this applicants must look out for themselves.

The commissioner will not suffer anyone to take up lands that are shown by the records to be erroneously forfeited; but, as stated above, the records do not show all the errors that exist. Applicants should acquaint themselves with the history of the land before paying out any money or doing any work on the same.

A donation cannot be floated from one tract to another. Applications cannot be received or money taken on deposit in anticipation of lands which are expected thereafter to become subject to entry at the State Land office. The law prohibits the commissioner doing anything which would have a tendency to give one citizen the advantage of another in procuring State lands.

Donees cannot legally sel] any part of their donation, or cut or remove any timber therefrom, except for the specific improvement of such donation, until the deed 1s issued therefor.

The following fees are required by law to be certified by the commissioner, and paid into the State treasury direct for the use of the State, and cannot be refunded under any circumstances :

POWMraCHIRCETLINCATG? Ue CLOTAliOner cc: Sets Soe ie. eects ude wane atte s $10.00 For each deed' or patent. of any description. ..2 0 050005 1.00 Hormeacih Ceriincate, other than .dOMatiOn sass ce cke ta ccsse ssc a's 5.06 1.00 For each affidavit made before the commissioner .50 Horecopy.of feld notes offany section: f20. tose Pad ii. 1.00

A tender to the State Treasurer of the requisite amount of money, including the fee, is necessary to obtain a legal application to obtain State lands through the State land office.

Every facility is afforded for the inspection of these lands.

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Donation Law Now In Force.

An act for the donation of forfeited lands. (Approved April 4, 1887, and the act amendatory thereof, approved March 3, 1891, and March 7, 1893.)

Be tt enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas:

Section 1. The right of the State to all lands other than town and city lots, which have been, or may hereafter be, forfeited to the State for the nonpayment of taxes, penalty and cost due thereon, and remaining in the office of the Commissioner of State Lands, subject to sale, may be donated to any person who is the head of a family, or who has arrived at the age of 21 years and is a citizen of the United States, or who has filed his declaration of intention to become such, as required by the naturalization laws, in quantities not exceeding 160 acres, if in legal subdivisions, according to the United States survey, to be located in a body; and any person possessing the above requirements, owning and residing on lands, may, under the provisions of this section, donate other lands lying contiguous to his or her land, which shall not, with the land so already owned and occupied, exceed, in the aggregate, 160 acres, in which case it shall not be required that such donee shall reside upon such donated land, but shall make proof of all other improvements required by this act.

Sec. 2. That the term contiguous, as used in this act, shall be construed to mean lands lying (not cornering) in a compact body. ;

Sec. 3. Any person wishing to obtain such donation shall apply therefor to the Commissioner of State Lands, and at the same time shall file in the office of said commissioner his or her affidavit, stating. that he or she possesses the qualifications required by section one (1) of this act, and that the land applied for is for the purpose of actual settlement, occupancy and cultivation by said applicant, for his or her own exclusive benefit, and not directly or indirectly for the benefit or use of any other person or persons whomsoever ; and that he or she had not theretofore had the benefit of any donation law of the State; provided, that when it shall be made to appear by the affidavit of any donee, who has heretofore made, or may hereafter make, a donation entry,

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supported by the affidavits of two credible witnesses who are citizens of the county in which the land is situated, the credibility and citizenship of the two supporting witnesses to be certified to by the clerk of the circuit court of the county where said donee resides that he or she had made a donation entry, but while acting in entire good faith, through accident or mistake, had failed to perfect title to such donation claim, he or she shall be allowed to resonate the same tract of land, or in case such land should be sold or otherwise disposed of by the State, such donee may, upon proof as set out above, be allowed to make a donation of another tract of land in quantity not to exceed one hundred and. sixty (160) acres.

Sec. 4. Upon filing with the Commissioner of State Lands a written application, and the affidavit provided for in section three (3) of this act, such commissioner shall issue a certificate under his hand and seal, setting forth that such applicant had applied for a donation of the right of the State to the land described in the application; which certificate shall further state that if within three (3) years from the date of actual settlement, in a house habitable at all seasons of the year upon said land, the applicant shall present proof, in the manner hereinafter provided, to the commissioner, he shall execute, under his hand and seal, the deed of the State to the donee, conveying all the right, title and interest of the State in and to the land described in said certificate.

Sec. 5. Each person receiving such donation shall establish his or her actual personal residence in a house upon the land applied for within three months from the date of such certificate. Provided, Any person who has received, or who may hereafter receive, a donation to any of the forfeited lands of the State, and who has been, or who may hereafter be, prevented from establishing his or her actual personal residence upon his or her donation, within the time now prescribed by law, by inundation of such donation, or by adverse possession of said donation being held by another, or by any unavoidable cause, shall have the time extended for establishing such residence upon such donation to such time 'as the hindering cause or causes herein mentioned have ceased, or shall cease to exist, not to exceed, however, eighteen months from the date of the donation, by presenting to the Commissioner of State Lands satisfactory proof, supported by the affidavit of two respectable citizens, that the

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donee was prevented from establishing his or her actual personal residence upon such donation by the existence of one or more of the hindering causes enumerated in the section; and upon the presentation of such satisfactory proof to the Commissioner of State Lands, according to the foregoing provisions for actual settlement, and shall clear, fence and place in cultivation at least five (5) acres of said land within such period; and within one (1) month of the date of the expiration of the three (3) years from the date of actual settlement, such donee shall obtain from the county surveyor for the county in which such lands may be situated, or in case of his absence or sickness, from any competent surveyor, whose competency shall be certified to by the clerk of the county court of the county in which such donation is situated, a certificate setting forth the proper description of the land embraced in such donation; and that he has within ten days next preceding the date of his certificate made an accurate and careful survey, according to the established lines of said lands as fixed by the United States, of the identical tract described, that the improvements on said land are bona fide and substantial, and that the donee has cleared, fenced and has in cultivation at least five (5) acres of such land. Such donee shall make proof before the county clerk or the clerk of the circuit court of the county wherein such land is situated, describing the improvements he has placed upon the land, giving the value of same, the date of actual settlement, periods of his or her actual inhabitancy of the tract donated, which proof shall be corroborated by the separate testimony of two disinterested and respectable citizens, who shall be citizens of the county in which said donation is situated.

. Sec. 6. The certificate of the county surveyor and the

proof provided for in section five (5) of this act shall be filed in the office of the Commissioner of State Lands within sixty (60) days from the expiration of three (3) years from the date of actual settlement, and if the commissioner finds that the requirements of this act have been complied with in good faith by such donee, he shall issue to such donee the deed of the State, as provided by section four (4) of this act.

Sec. 7. The deeds of the commissioner shall be conclusive evidence in all courts of a good and valid title to the donee, his heirs and assigns, and shall be evidence that the land has been regularly forfeited by the original owner, that the State had properly donated its right thereto, and such evidence shall be received by the courts.

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Sec. 8. A donee may at any time before the expiration of the time prescribed herein for making final proof relinquish to the State all his or her right, title, interest and claim in and to the lands so donated, and immediately upon the filing of such relinquishment in the office of the Commissioner of State Lands, the lands so relinquished shall become subject to redonation by the first qualified applicant. Provided, That in no case of abandonment shall the person making such redonation claim credit for residence on such lands by a former donee.

sec. 9. Whenever a donee shall, with his family, before making final proof, absent himself from his donation for a period of six months at any one time, it shall be lawful for any citizen to contest the claim of such donee before the Commissioner of State Lands, by filing with such commissioner his affidavit of such abandonment, corroborated by the affidavits of at least two witnesses; and upon the filing of such affidavits the commissioner shall order testimony in the case to be taken before some officer, authorized by law, and most convenient to the parties in interest, and on some day at least thirty days from the date of the filing of such affidavits, and the contestant shall secure personal service, or constructive service, upon the donee of the time and place of the taking of such testimony; and such commissioner shall fix a date for hearing said contest case before him, and on the date so fixed by him he will take such additional testimony as may be presented to him, and shall, as soon as practicable thereafter, render his decision, and shall mail to both contestant and contested notice thereof; and such commissioner shall immediately thereafter transmit all the papers in the case to the Secretary of State, the Attorney General and the State Land Commissioner, which officers shall constitute a board of review in such cases, and no additional testimony shall come before such board; such board shall return such papers with their finding indorsed thereon, which finding shall be considered final. If such finding shall be in favor of the contestant, he shall be allowed a preference right of thirty days from the notice of the final decision in the case, to be sent to him by the commissioner, within which time to resonate such forfeited donation.

Sec. 10. No donee shall cut or remove any timber from the land taken under this or existing laws, except for the specific improvement of such donation, until the neces- Ba ueet of improvement shall have been filed with the

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Commissioner of State Lands, and the deed issued therefor ; and any violation of this section shall be sufficient ground for instituting a contest against such donee, to be determined in the manner prescribed by section nine (9) of this act, and, in addition, such donee, and accessories thereto, shall be prosecuted in the manner prescribed by law for depredating on the timbered lands of the State.

(Section 2 of an amendatory act of March 3, 1891, is as follows: "That the failure of a donee to establish a residence upon the land donated within the time prescribed by this act be, and the same is hereby, made an additional ground of contest of the donee's right to his donation."' )

Sec. 11. No taxes on lands donated under this act shall be assessed and collected until the deeds of the State issue therefor.

Sec. 12. Donees may at any time after the expiration of one year from the date of making application purchase the land embraced in such donation from the State, upon making proof of at least six months of continued residence in the manner hereinbefore provided, by paying to the State the price fixed by the law for the sale of forfeited tax lands.

Sec. 18. The affidavit required by section three. (3) of this act may be made before the Commissioner of State Lands, or before the clerk of the county or circuit courts, or some qualified notary public of the county in which the lands so applied for may be situate.

Sec. 14. No deeds shall be issued under this act to aliens, but they shall be first fully naturalized, and evidence thereof filed with the Commissioner of State Lands.

Sec. 15. It shall be the duty of the Commissioner of State Lands to prepare blank application (s), certificates of donation, deeds, and all other necessary blanks, to meet the requirements of this act, which blanks shall conform to the provisions thereof.

Sec. 16. In case the donee should die before the expiration of the time herein required to submit final proof of the right to perfect the same shall extend, first to the widow of the donee, and if she be dead, then to the children of such donee, and should they be minors, their duly appointed guardian or administrator of the estate of the deceased donee may make such final proof for the benefit of such minor heirs, and should there be neither widow nor children surviving such donee, such right shall in such case descend to the father of the donee, and if he be dead, then to the mother of such donee, and if she be dead, then to the

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brothers and sisters of the deceased donee, any adult of which shall be competent to make such final proof; and in the event of the death of the donee, it shall not be necessary that residence on the lands shall be maintained thereafter, but the cultivation of the land must be continuously maintained, and no donation shall be liable for any debt contracted by the donee prior to the execution of the deed therefor, nor shall any alienation of the same be binding against the title of the State.

Sec. 17. All laws and parts of laws in conflict with this act be, and the same are hereby, repealed, and this act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage.

Approved April 4, 1887.

No maps or plats showing the location of State or United States lands are published for distribution. Indeed, no list of such lands by subdivisions, or by maps, would be reliable the next day after publication, as purchases and entries are being made daily.

Forfeited Land Titles.

In consideration of the fact that State lands will soon all be taken up by homeseekers and lumbermen, even at present rate of entries, we would earnestly recommend that some legislation be had at an early day to perfect the title to these lands in the State, and to private holders.

While the State only proposes to convey whatever right, title and interest it may have in forfeited lands to purchasers, yet it would be a great hardship upon actual settlers, after purchasing these lands and making improvements, to be subjected to law suits, and in some cases to the loss of their lands, without recourse. In this connection, it might be well for the State to adopt the plan of the general government in relation to her public domain, and withdraw all her lands from public sale—at least all her agricultural lands— and reserve the same for homestead purposes only.

Our mineral deposits are rich and varied, and, no doubt, will be a source of great wealth to the State in time. But agriculture and horticulture are our chief concern.

The tiller of the soil, take him in every relation of life—as a producer of wealth, a taxpayer, a citizen in time of peace, a soldier in time of war, as a foundation both sure and steadfast, to maintain the State, society and church—he is the safest, best, most reliable factor in the

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prosperity and good government of Arkansas, in my judgment.

What we need most now, and for all time, no doubt, is tillers of the soil—practical agriculturists and horticulturists. Give us abundance of these, and railroads will be built everywhere needed, manufactures will be established and mines will be opened under every "blossom."

United States Lands In Arkansas.

The United States owned, July 1, 1904, in this State, nearly 3,000,000 acres of land, all of which is subject to homestead entry, except the mineral lands.

The location and general quality of these lands is given, by counties and districts, in the following pages, together with suggestions and general information as to entering government lands for homestead purposes and mining.

These, in the main, are good lands for agriculture and fruit growing. They le in the mountains and unlands mostly, with an abundance of timber and good water.

Better opportunities and advantages for locating colonies cannot be found in the United States than on these lands.

The following is the area of each county and parts of counties as they appear in their respective districts, together with the area and description of United States lands in each, which are open to homestead entry by settlers:

Camden District. Milton A. Elliott, Register.

County U.S. Land Total Area Description

INV allongeeee Mines, cM Lyo05 391,000 Rolling, second and third rate soil. 'Bradley. Vk ps chests BID eZ 418,000 Swampy. Calhoun set eat tec 5,342 404,000 Swampy. Clarlas waa a sae ae 9,117 560,000 Broken. Clevelandiy.. nie 1,872 81,000 Rolling, second and third rate soil. Columbia wee eae bak 528,000 Rolling. Wallace ee aces bee isa: 84 7,462 Swampy. Drew area 2,597 322,000 Rolling. Garlandesriaeraae 44,706 301,000 Mountainous. Hempstead. sn cas 1,249 467,000 Timber. Hotpprine yee 11,163 223,500 Mountainous. Howard) iii ae ase Bo,O2U 385,000 Very broken. Latayéettesh stints 3,744 301,500 Level and poor. LAttlG- Riven steer 680 359,500 Swampy. Miller a9 237" ee oye 2,814 394,000 Swampy. Montgomery 202,995 510,000 Mountainous. Nevada We. eis eer. TEMA 401,000 Timber. Ouachitapyaen tee: 645 481,000 Timber. Pikes pt 5 ee pole 30,222 389,500 Mountainous. IP Ole ae edhe a ee 135,794 533,500 Mountainous. Saline pee wee ee, Gt 5,248 12,000 Mountainous. SCOER Tee cee ce eae 17,785 22,500 Very Mountainous. SEViICHHes Hele ee 8,065 348,000 Swampy. Unionist ee eee 5,886 675,000 Flat and Swampy.

'LOtalacaeko cet ar. 530,047 8,515,500

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DARDANELLE DISTRICT. J. H. BatTENFIELD, REGISTER.

County U.S. Land Total Area Description

Conwa vir. donee: 12,359 31,500 Crawiordipne alate a2 16,421 385,000 Rranklimey seicies os 'e 20,404 372,000 The land in this district is timbered, arlanGae cen ssa 57,806 84,000 agricultural land, hilly and well Pacem RS i atte rete 83,115 425,000 watered. Some rocks upon it.

OMA Tne Ate. - 30,961 431,000 - No prairie land. Fine quality of Montgomery 55,598 67,500 coal throughout district. Gold, POO Geee es vis vias 3 116,096 221,000 silver, zinc, and lead lately dis- IP OLKS Aer imc ahi oie eee 202 6,000 [ covered in paying quantities in POPE meet sce caters 108,322 516,000 Pope and Yell Counties. Saline Meise ees ahs 51,420 69,000 COLUM ae cata cco. 199,503 613,000 Hepastiati wis cece 1,986 1,340,000 WAC 2) du Sie 2 agar 125,682 608,500

: Harrison District.

JoHN I. WorTHINGTON, REGISTER. County U.S. Land Total Area Description

Baxte renee terse ate 50,200 376,500 Bentonener ned diss 14,300 567,000 IB OONGH nian hee cre 14,000 390,000 Warroul ieee cmc sk 22,680 413,500 Crawtord rine at on 640 8,000 Rranidinw: sane 400 15,000 d ULC Oi pereeee tons eseee 17,620 219,000 Productive, mountainous, timbered, Independence . 1,520 26,000 and mineral. Wert eon eyes ele Pec caste Je 11,200 288,500 enneoe yet Os eae 3,880 13,000

AASON Bern aces ce 33,040 529,000 IMATION Me ss lass ee: 20,800 407,000 L MiSsISSIDDIvar shits Sah Ge ae hoes 518,000 INE WOT Se oe ea tobe ete 183,560 526,000 ( SCATCY: cane 0) crane 130,980 417,500 Stoties fe tbe ss 118,600 387,000 Productive, mountainous, timbered, Van Burent. tees... 1,500 46,000 and mineral. Washincton™. 4... 10,380 612,000

sLotal eek. seee- GLGESOO Nie tae e

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CIT VE ROCKS bis ie Gir Harry H. Myers, REGISTER.

County U.S. Land Total Area Description ArkansaSaene aot nen 180 650,500 Mostly grazing lands. Ashley 6 Soyer ee eee 199,000 Mostly grazing lands. Chicota ener usc 2,836 397,000 Swampy, timbered. Clarke Aah Atk crotee bot ene eee 2,000 No vacant public land. Cla yan hens Gare 389 415,500 Broken, timbered. Cleburne 2) vane 58,644 401,000 Mountainous, timbered. Cleveland sian 254 295,500 Broken, timbered. Conway. heen 6,987 322,000 Broken, timbered. Craicheeadeen eae 562 434,000 Broken, timbered. Crittenden?) eee 480 408,500 Swampy.

GCrOSS satis oy eee 845 389,000 Partly broken, partly level, sandy, Dallas tee arenes 3,220 428,000 broken.

Deshaie aie ope Cine cee 481,500 Swampy, timbered. Drew ee ree hee era oan eae ee 204,000 Swampy, timbered. Haulkneneee sree 5,259 415,500 Broken, timbered. Multonyer cea eae oe 24,854 180,000 Broken, timbered. Garlands eer ae 685 17,500 Broken, timbered. Grantee et ee 2,388 403,500 Level, timbered. Greene hiss yet 427 357,500 Broken, timbered. Hotspring ee 1,079 177,000 Broken, timbered. Independence . 27,403 454,000 Broken, timbered. Izard. Sean een eee 4,911 74,000 Broken, timbered. TAaCKSOTIN yoann its 113 409,500 Swampy, timbered. Jeterson x4) oes 100 560,000 Level, timbered. Lawrences see 4,000 380,000 Broken, timbered.

Lee Wiss dos aera ae 680 383,000 Swampy, timbered. TAnColn ere eee 414 352,500 Swampy, timbered. Lonoke yee eee es 285 505,500 Grazing.

Mississippics ie. seee 85 518,000 Swampy, timbered. Monroegenn i hoe 1,398 389,500 Swampy, timbered. Perrys seep ieadee 7,439 139,500 Broken, timbered. Phillips Scr acetone 445,000 No vacant public land. POImsetth serene eo et: 448 000 No vacant public land. POPE VEE Rue sete toe a eee 15,000 No vacant public land. Prairie Sve ae 440 420,500 Grazing.

Palasicis se ec 12,449 482,000 Broken, timbered. Randolp heen 20,290 424,000 Broken, timbered.

Sty francis 4, see ee 393,500 Swampy, timbered. Saline saa ee. Bf NON 406,500 Broken, timbered. Shari tam stain 42,128 392,500 Broken, timbered. Van Burenke sa oe 126,036 410,500 Broken, timbered. IWibitetes eis cent 4,959 663,680 Broken, timbered. NWioodritieer) 2,228 372,000 Swampy, timbered.

SUGGESTIONS AND GENERAL INFORMATION AS TO ENTERING GOVERNMENT LANDS FOR RESIDENCE AND CULTIVATION.

1. There are about 4,687,573 acres of land in Arkansas belonging to the Government. No lands are subject to private cash entry, except in the State of Missouri. 'The timber culture and pre-emption laws have been repealed.

' z 2. Homestead entries can be made for not more than one-quarter section, or 160 acres of land.

3. All applicants must stand upon equal footing, with equal rights and privileges to enter the public lands. "First come, first served."

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4. The land office fees and commissions, payable when application is made, are as follows: On lands outside the railroad limits, $14 for 160 acres; $13 for 120 acres; $7 for 80 acres; $6 for 40 acres. On lands within the railroad limits, $18 for 160 acres; $16 for 120 acres; $9 for 80 acres; $7 for 40 acres. An entry of 81 acres will cost $10 fee. In the Pacific States and Rocky Mountain region the charges are a little more.

5. The applicant must in every case state in his application his place of actual residence, and the post-office address, to which notices relative to his entry shall be sent, and his full name.

6. Amendments of filings and entries are allowed by the general land office for real errors, where improvements were made by mistake on the wrong tract, but not for blunders which the claimant could have avoided by reasonable care and investigation.

Application for amendment must be sworn to and corroborated under seal, and in no case need be more than two pages in length; must show how the error was made; that applicant has not sold or encumbered the tract, and that the amendment is not asked for the purpose of letting someone else enter the trect vacated.

7. When a person desires to enter a tract of land, he may appear personally at the district land office and present his application and make the required affidavit before the register and receiver. He must establish his residence in a house to be built on the land within six months from the date of entry, and must, in order to maintain his entry, reside on and cultivate the tract for five years, unless he desires to commute and pay for the land in cash or equivalent, which can be done after fourteen months' actual residence on and cultivation of the tract.

8. The homestead affidavit can be made before the judge'or clerk of a court of record or before a commissioner of the United States Circuit Court, and save the journey to the land office.

9. Entries under the homestead law can be completed after five years' actual residence, but the applicant is required to file with the register his notice of intention to make proof, with the required fee for publication, and it is the duty of the register to have said notice published, when the applicant will appear with two witnesses named

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in the notice and make proof on day named, and before officer mentioned.

10. In case of death of entryman, his widow has the right, at the proper time, to make proof of his residence, and her residence or cultivation of the tract for required time, and in case of the death of the widow, then the heirs.

A homestead right can not be devised away from the widow or minor children.

11. Under an act of Congress, approved March 2, 1889, a party who entered lands, prior to said act, has the right, where his said entry was canceled for any cause, to enter again, and where his entry is of record, he having failed to comply with the law as to residence, has the right to relinquish his claim to the United States, and enter the same or other tract, provided no other right has attached; the act further provides that, where an entry has been made, and the applicant is residing on the land entered which was for less than 160 acres, he has the right to enter, if adjoining, enough land to make 160 acres; and if none is adjoining, he has the right to make entry elsewhere, after having proved up his first entry, the two entries not to contain over 160 acres.

12. Under act of Congress, approved August 30, 1890, one person can enter only 320 acres of public land. This act is held to be prospective and not retroactive. That is, no matter how much land a party entered prior to the date of the above act, he may thereafter, if in other respects qualified, enter 320 acres, but not more. This law does not apply to mineral or coal lands, but to lands which are classed as agricultural lands. The government does not guarantee that its "agricultural" lands will produce crops. Hence the intending settler should carefully examine in person or by agent the land he or she intends to enter.

13. party desiring to relinquish his land to the United States for the purpose of re-entering or for the purpose of letting others enter, must make the following relinquishment on the back of his duplicate receipt acknowledged before some officer with a seal: "TI hereby relinquish all my right, title, interest and claim in and to the within described lands to the United States."' Relinquishment made at the land office can be made without any cost. In the event of the loss of the duplicate receipt, an affidavit accounting for the loss, made under seal, and relinquishment thereon, will be sufficient.

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14. A single woman does not forfeit her homestead entry by marriage if thereafter she continues to comply with the law as to residence, improvements and cultivation.

15. 'The first actual settler who makes entry within three months after actual settlement is entitled to land, while the first man who makes entry may have been last to make settlement, and hence have the least claim to the land. A pre-emption filing is no bar to a homestead entry.

16. settlement does not mean:actual residence, but preparation for it, to be followed up in good faith. The claimant should, in person, not by agent, start the erection of a house, or begin some other improvement on the land he claims. A homestead entry does not require prior settlement, but it is safest to make a settlement at the earliest date.

17. Final proof in homestead entries can be made after five years from date of entry or of actual residence on the land, and must be made before the expiration of seven years from date of entry.

The time during the rebellion, if not less than ninety , days, which the homestead settler served in the army, navy or marine corps, shall be deducted from the time heretofore required to perfect title, or if discharged on account of wounds received or disability incurred in the line of duty, then the term of enlistment shall be deducted from the time heretofore required to perfect title, without reference to the length of time he may have served; but no patent shall issue to any homestead settler who has not resided upon, improved and cultivated his homestead for a period of at least one year after he shall have commenced his improvements. :

18. The receiver's duplicate homestead receipt, which the entryman received on making entry, should be surrendered on making commuted or final homestead proof.

Parties are often put to a great loss and inconvenience by the loss of receiver's receipts, which should always be carefully preserved.

19. The application to make proof, blank No. 4— 348, homestead, should be signed by the claimant himself. His four witnesses should, if possible, be near neighbors, fully conversant with the facts essential to perfect proof, and none of them should be relatives of the claimant.

20. It is the duty of applicant who makes proof before county officers to see that each question is filled

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out with complete answers; must show that he is a native born citizen of the United States, if such is the case, and if not, then certified copy of naturalization papers will be sufficient; if the entry is by a woman, she must state specifically in the proof whether or not she is married or single; applicants should in every case see that the names of witnesses used in making proof are properly advertised, and that they sign their names as advertised, and in giving the names to be published they should ascertain and give their full Christian names, and, if possible, the four living nearest the land for which proof is to be made. Much trouble and delay has been occasioned by doubtful or different spelling of names. Some persons have actually spelled their names three different ways in making one proof. 'This makes necessary correspondence and explanatory affidavits, causes delays in receipt of patents and places suspicion on proof.

21. 'The proof should, if possible, be taken on the day advertised, before the officer advertised, with the evidence of at least two of the witnesses advertised; these, together with the duplicate receipt and the required fees and commissions, to be sealed up and transmitted to the receiver, on the same day proof is taken.

22. The land office commissions, payable at the time of making final homestead proof, are as follows:

On land outside of railroad limits:

HOTiTGO ACKES7 6 aiid calc rs cbse ee tren ates ee ee $4.00 For'iso"acres rn 7 ae eee ee EE eae ORNS Ete eae ae 3.00 For 'Solacrés. ..c.0% oN Rae ae 2 ee er eee cee 2.00 Borsa @ acres sent eos 4 Me wees othe alte earn oe aaa 1.00

On land within the railroad limits:

For nG0:4cressacn ii ETA es EM seer Sear $8.00 Fors ti20 FACres i. cart cen ere ac sten eee cate eon er eee 6.00 FOr "BO'ACKES Teh aoe 6 ale eee ee iets See te ee 4.00 For.aockcrestekaarge ites 005 a eee an deo ee 2.00

The fees for reducing testimony to writing in making final proof are 15 cents for each 100 words, which in each case amounts to $1, sometimes $1.50, which must be transmitted with the other final proof commissions. In the Pacific States and Rocky Mountain region the charges are one-half higher.

23. <All applicants for lands should see that their applications are made out for the exact numbers of land desired to be entered, which must lie and form a compact body. If for an adjoining farm, the land owned and

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resided on must form a compact body with the public land, and the two together must not exceed 160 acres.

24. A married woman has no right to make a homestead entry while her husband is living, unless she has been legally divorced from him.

25. A single woman over the age of twenty-one years has the right to make a homestead entry.

26. A man has to be twenty-one years of age to make an entry, unless he is married or the head of a family.

27. Ifa married woman who has been deserted by her husband. desires to prove up, she should address the local officers of the land office, stating the nature of her case, and ascertain if she has the right to make proof.

28. In case of the death of both father and mother, the guardian of the minor children, after obtaining the required order of the probate court within two years after the death of the surviving parent, may sell the land for the exclusive benefit of such minor children, and patent will issue to the purchaser on payment of the office fees.

29. The widow or children of a homesteader are not required to reside on their homestead after his death, but 'must continue cultivation by agent or otherwise. The widow can enter a homestead in her own right while cultivating that of her deceased husband, in which event she must actually reside on the land entered in her own name.

30. In contests initiated by affidavit, the affidavit should be corroborated by preferably two witnesses. \When service is had by publication, the posting of a copy of notice on the land, and mailing (by registered letter), a copy to contested, to his last known address, are absolutely essential, as 1s also proof of both, and this is the duty of the parties or their attorneys, not of the land officers.

31. Where a party desires to file a protest against an entry on the day of proof, it 1s the duty of the officer taking the proof to take down the protestant's testimony and that of his witnesses, and transmit the same with the proof to the local office. 'The party protesting must pay the cost of reducing the evidence of himself and witnesses to writing.

32. The government does not issue a general map showing what are public untaken lands. Land officers are authorized by law to furnish plats or diagrams showing what lands are vacant and what lands are taken. Parties writing

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for numbers, dates, descriptions, etc., of several tracts can get this information by ordering plats from the local officers.

The charges to be made by the local officers for the plat or diagram of a particular township are fixed as follows:

For plat showing what land is public and what en-

tered teste SU ioe © als Denia te cece ete ae $1.00 For plat showing entries and names of claimants 2.00 For plat showing entries and names, numbers and

character of "lands cf". oe oe SG ee 3.00 For plat showing entries and names, numbers and

character and date of entry, together with topo-

Sraphyraisaae eye ee a es ee eee 4.00

For plat or diagram of a part of a township or section, a proportionate amount is charged.

33. Any person desiring information about public land should always give the section, township and range, for which information is asked, together with the numbers of land, and such information will always be furnished free of charge by the local officers.

34. When patents are received at the office, the register and receiver at once prepare notice and send to the entrymmen, when they can return their duplicate final receipts given them when proof was made, and patent will be sent free of charge.

35. Papers once filed cannot be returned unless it be to correct a clerical error.

36. It is the duty of the applicant when he makes application to ascertain from county or other records the exact area in the tract, and if over 160 acres, he must, in addition to the $14 entrance fee, pay for the excess over 160 acres at the rate of $1.25 or $2.50 per acre, as the case may be, many parties having lost their lands by such failure.

37. When an entry is made for land that has been covered by a prior entry, the residence will date from the time when the last entry is placed on record, or from date of cancellation of the first entry, or from date of settlement if settlement was after the date of cancellation.

38. No person who is the proprietor of more than 160 acres of land in any State or Territory shall acquire any right under the homestead law.

39. A homesteader forfeits his entry if he transfers any portion thereof before final receipt issues, except it be

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for school, church or cemetery purposes, or for the right of way of railroads, canals or ditches for irrigating purposes.

40. Land warrants and other cheap scrip can be used only in commuted homestead entries, where the entryman having resided on and cultivated the tract embraced by his homestead entry for fourteen months, advertises and makes the required proof.

41. The Secretary of the Interior is authorized, upon proof being made, to his satisfaction, that any tract of land has been erroneously sold by the United States, so that from any cause the sale cannot be confirmed, to repay to the purchaser, or his legal representatives or assigns, the sum of money which was paid therefor, out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated.

42. In case of application for repayment where patent has not issued, the duplicate receipt must be surrendered. The applicant must also make affidavit that he has not transferred or otherwise encumbered the title to the land, and that said title has not become a matter of record. This affidavit may be made before either the register or receiver of the district land office, or before a notary public or a justice'of the peace, or other officer authorized to administer oaths. When made before a notary public or justice of the peace, a certificate of official character is required.

43. Parties who have made entries of less than 160 acres of land are, under some circumstances, allowed to enter enough more land to make up 160 acres; in some cases they are permitted to relinquish their entries and make new entries. A full statement of the facts in each case shoud be submitted to the local officers for their judgment and advice.

44. The commissioner of the general land office expressly forbids the local officers to furnish blank entry papers and affidavits to anybody except claimants in person.

Further information will be given by applying to registers United States land office, at Little Rock, Camden, Dardanelle or Harrison, Ark.

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A Brief Synopsis Of The Mining And Homestead Laws.

By Captain J. W. Story, Harrison, Ark.

The local United States land offices for Arkansas are located at Little Rock, Dardanelle, Harrison and Camden. In each of said districts there are large quantities of government land, all of which is primarily subject to homestead entry; but until the same shall have been appropriated by homesteaders it is subject to exploration, occupation and purchase as mineral land, if found to be mineral in character.

Homestead Entry—Who May Make.

Every person who is the head of a family, or who is twenty-one years of age, and is a citizen of the United States or has filed his declaration of intention to become such, and who is not the proprietor of more than 160 acres of land, and has not. exhausted his right, is entitled to make homestead entry.

Quantity Of Land In Homestead.

Fach qualified homesteader may take 160 acres, or a less quantity to be located in a body in conformity to the legal subdivisions of land as surveyed.

How To Acquire A Homestead.

The settler should first find the land on which he wishes to make his homestead entry. He must then ascertain whether the land is unappropriated. At the United States land offices at Harrison, Dardanelle, Camden or Little Rock, he will be advised whether the land has been entered by a homesteader, and at the office of the recorder of the county in which the land is situated he can learn whether any mineral claim has been located on the land. If he finds no entry or location in these offices, he will file in the United States land office his application and affidavit for homestead, and pay the following fees: $6 for 40

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acres ; $7 for 80 acres; $13 for 120 acres; $14 for 160 acres; for which he will receive a receipt, which will secure his right to the possession of the land, and by complying with the law as to. residence, improvement and cultivation, obtain title thereto. The applicant will find at the land office all necessary blanks, and the officers and clerks there will furnish him all the information he will ordinarily need in making his homestead entry. In view of the discoveries of mineral in several counties in this district, and of the consequent excitement, much of the public land in said counties has been located as mineral claims. Such location, if no work has been done on the claim, is not an appropriation of the land, and same would still be subject to homestead entry. But if the mineral location has been followed by work on the claim, and the homeseeker is of the opinion that the land is more valuable for agricultural purposes than for mineral purposes, he may file in the local United States land office a contest, and have the character of the land determined, and if found to be agricultural he will then have a preference right to homestead the land. The homesteader should exercise due caution in investigating the character of the land before filing on the same. He should do this, in the first place, in order that he can conscientiously take the nonmineral affidavit; and, in the second place, in order that he may not spend his money and labor in improving a tract of land which may afterwards prove to be mineral in character and be taken from him.

Residence And Cultivation.

Within six months after making his entry, the homesteader must establish his residence in a house on the land, and he must reside thereon and cultivate the same in good faith for five years, when he may make final proof and obtain a patent.

Commutation Of Homestead Entry.

After settlement and cultivation for fourteen months the settler may make proof of these facts and obtain a patent by paying $1.25 per acre for the land.

Who May Locate Mineral Claims.

Only citizens of the United States, and those who have filed their declaration of intention to become such, are entitled to locate mineral claims.

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How Title Is Obtained.

In determining this question, reference must be had to statutes of the United States, the statutes of the State of Arkansas, and the rules and regulations of the Department of the Interior, and of the local mining district, if any, in which the land is situated. By a late act of the Arkansas legislature it is provided that "The miners of the county shall make such by-laws and regulations regarding the time, manner and amount of work necessary to hold mining claims, and other rules and regulations as are not in conflict with the laws of the United States or the State of Arkansas." The same act further provides that "The recording of mining claim notices of all kinds shall be done with the ex-officio recorders of the various counties in which the lands are situated."

The mineral claimant should first discover mineral on the land he wishes to locate. He may then be informed at the United States land office and at the office of the recorder for the county in which the land is situated whether the land is subject to location. He may then determine the character of his claim, whether lode or placer.

Lode Or Vein.

These terms have been said to be practically synonymous, and are defined as being "Any zone or belt of mineralized rock lying within boundaries clearly separating it from the neighboring rock." It is what the name would indicate, a continuing "vein" or body of mineral-bearing rock in place, having its boundaries and walls so well marked that it may be followed and traced through the rock and material in which it is discovered.

Pivacer:

"All forms of deposits excepting veins and lodes of rock in place" are classed as "placer."

If the claim is lode or vein, the location must be upon and in reference to the body of mineral, and may extend from the center thereof 300 feet on each side, and with the vein 1,500 feet. The claim should be surveyed and its boundaries marked on the ground. Location notice must be posted on the claim and recorded in the office of the recorder of the county in which the land is situated.

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If the claim is placer, the location must conform to the legal subdivisions of the land. Notice must be posted and recorded as above stated. One person may include in one claim only twenty acres, but any number of locators up to eight may join in a location of a claim, each taking twenty acres, but no one claim can contain more than 160 acres. There has been only one lode claim patented in this district, and it is generally understood that all claims should be located as a placer.

After public land has been legally located, and work thereon begun, the land is said to be segregated, and the locator has the right of possession thereof and the right to carry on mining operations thereon to the same extent as if he had the legal title. "Discovery and appropriation are the sources pte title to mining claims, and ea cloument by work the condition of their possession."'

One hundred dollars worth of work and improvements must be done and made on each claim annually. After thus expending $500 on a-claim patent may be applied for, and if the proof is what the law requires patent will be granted upon payment to the government of $2.50 per acre for placer claims and $5 per acre for lode claims. Failure to do the required assessment work within the time required will cause a forfeiture of the claim, and the same will be subject to relocation, unless the locator, his heirs or assigns, shall resume work upon the claim after such failure and before other -ights have intervened; but such resumption will relieve ficm the effect of such failure and restore the locator, his heirs and assigns, to all rights existing prior to said failure, and the claim will not be subject to relocation. The locator may do his development work in less than five years, and whenever he shall have done the amount required, in whatever time that may be, he may apply for a patent. It is not necessary, however, that the mineral claimant should ever apply for a patent. Under a valid location and continued work he will have all the rights and benefits of his claim which he could enjoy under a patent. After patent, however, his title is not contingent upon continuous work. It is also important that the mineral man should exercise due caution in making his location, as a homeseeker may, at any time before patent, contest the same, on the ground that it is more valuable for agricultural purposes than for mineral purposes, and if this contest should succeed, for if the land should not

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prove to be valuable for mineral, his expenditure would be a loss. Besides, the law requires good faith upon the part of the homesteader, in seeking to appropriate public lands, to the end that agricultural lands shall not be appropriated as mineral, and that mineral lands shall not be appropriated as agricultural.

Laws Relating To The Operations Of Mines In Arkansas.

Section 5045. The owner, agent or operator of each and every coal mine in this State, employing twenty or more men to be worked under ground, shall make, or cause to be made, at the discretion of the Inspector of Mines, hereinafter provided for, an accurate map or plan of the workings of such mine, and every vein or deposit thereof, showing the general inclination of the strata, together with any material deflections in the said workings, and the boundary lines of said mines, and deposit a true copy of said map or plan with the clerk of the county court of each county wherein may be located said mine, which said map or plan shall be so filed or deposited within three months after the time when this act shall take effect; and a copy of such map or plan shall also be kept for inspection at the office of the owner, agent or operator of said mine, and during the month of January of each and every year after this act shall have taken effect, the said owner, agent or operator shall furnish the inspector and clerk of the county court aforesaid with a sworn statement and a further map or plan of the progress of the workings of such mine, continued from last report to the end of the month of December next preceding, and the inspector shall correct his map or plan of said workings in accordance with the statement and map or plan thus furnished, and when any mine is worked out or abandoned, that fact shall be reported to the inspector, and the map or plan of such mine in the office of the clerk of the county court shall be carefully corrected and verified.

Sec. 5046. Whenever the owner, agent or operator of any mine shall neglect, fail or refuse to furnish said inspector and clerk as aforesaid with a statement, map or plan or additions thereto, as provided in section 5045, at the time and in the manner therein provided, the said inspector is

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authorized to cause an accurate map or plan of the Workings of such mine to be made at the expense of said owner, agent or operator, and the cost thereof may be recovered by the inspector from such owner, agent or operator.

Sec. 5047. In all mines that afe or have been in operation prior to the first day of January, 1898, and which are worked by or through a shaft, slope or drift, if there is not already an escapement shaft to each and every such mine, or communication between each and every mune and some other contiguous mine, then there shall be an escapement shaft or other communication such as shall be approved by the mine inspector, making at least two distinct means of ingress and egress, for all persons employed or permitted to work in such mines. Such escapement shaft or other communication with a contiguous mine aforesaid shall be constructed in connection with every vein or stratum of coal in such mine, and the time to be allowed for each construction shall not exceed ninety days from the time this act takes effect, and. such escapement shaft or communication with contiguous mines aforesaid shall be constructed in a shorter time than ninety days, if within the discretion of the inspector it becomes necessary, and in all cases where the working force of one mine has been driven up to or into the workings of another mine, the respective owners of such mine while operating the same shall keep open a roadway not less than six feet high, thereby forming a communication as contemplated by this act, and for the failure to do so shall be subject to the penalty provided for in section 5056, for each and every day such roadway is unnecessarily closed; each and every day such escapement shaft shall be separated from the main shaft by such extent of natural strata as shall secure safety to the men employed in such mines, not less than 100 feet, in all mines that shall go into operation for the first time after the first day of January, 1898; such an escapement or other communication with a contiguous mine, as aforesaid, shall be constructed within ninety days after such mine shall have been put into operation, or within shorter time if, in the discretion of the inspector, it becomes necessary; and it shall not be lawful for the owner, agent or operator of any such mine as aforesaid to employ any person to work therein, or permit any person to go therein for the purpose of working, except such persons as may be necessary to construct such escapement shaft, unless the

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requirements of this section shall first have been complied with. And the term "owner," as used in this act, shall mean the immediate proprietor, lessee or occupant of any mine, or any part thereof, and the term "agent" shall mean any person having, on behalf of the owner, the care or management of any mine or part thereof; provided, nothing in this section shall be construed to extend the time allowed by law for constructing escapement shaft.

Sec. 5048. The owner, agent or operator of every mine, whether operated by shaft, slope or drift, shall provide and maintain for every such mine a sufficient amount of ventilation, to be determined by the inspector, not less than 100 cubic feet of air per man per minute, measured at the foot of the downcast, which shall be circulated to the face of every working place throughout the mine, so that said mine shall be free from standing gas of whatsoever kind. In all mines where fire damp is generated every working place where fire damp is known to exist shall be examined every morning with a safely lamp by a competent person before any other persons are allowed to enter. The ventilation required by this section may be procured by any suitable appliances, but in case a furnace shall be used for ventilating purposes, it shall be built in such a manner as to prevent the communication of fire to any part of the works by lining the upcast with incombustible material for a sufficient distance up from said furnace.

Sec. 5049. The owner, agent or operator shall provide that a bore hole shall be kept twenty feet in advance of the face of each and every working place, and, if necessary, on both sides when driving towards an abandoned mine, or part of a mine suspected of containing inflammable gases, or to be inundated with water.

Sec. 5050. The owner, agent or operator of every mine operated by a shaft, shall provide suitable means for signaling between the bottom and top thereof; and shall also provide safe means of hoisting and lowering persons in a cage, covered with boiler iron, so as to keep safe as far as possible persons descending into or ascending out of said mine; and such cage shall be furnished with guides to conduct it through slides through such shaft, with a sufficient brake on every drum to prevent accident in case of the giving out or breaking of the machinery; and such cage shall be furnished with spring

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catches, intended and provided so far as possible to prevent the consequences of cable breaking, or the loosening or disconnecting of the machinery; and no props or rails shall be lowered in a cage while men are descending into or ascending out of said mine; that when men are ascending or descending, the opposite cage in every case shall be empty.

Sec. 5051. No person under the age of fourteen years, or female of any age, shall be permitted to enter any mine to work therein; nor shall any boy under the age of sixteen years, unless he can read and write, be allowed to work in any mine, and no owner, agent or operator of any mine operated by a shaft or slope shall place in charge on any engine whereby men are lowered into or hoisted out of the mines, any but an experienced, competent and sober person, not under eighteen years of age, and no person shall be permitted to ride upon a loaded cage or wagon used for hoisting purposes in any shaft or slope, except persons employed for that purpose, and in no case shall more than eight persons ride in any cage or car at any one time, nor shall any coal be hoisted out of any mine while any person or persons are descending into such mine; and in no case shall more than one of the same family ascend or descend on a cage, and ot more than eight persons ascend out of or descend into any mine on one tage at one time, nor shall they be lowered or hoisted more rapidly than 500 feet to the minute.

Sec. 5052. The owner, agent or operator shall cause every landing on a level or above the surface of the ground, and the entrance to each intermediate vein, securely fenced by a gate and a bonnet so prepared to cover and protect such shaft and the entrance thereto, and the entrance to every abandoned slope, air or other shaft shall be securely fenced off, and every steam boiler shall be provided with proper steam gauge, water gauge and safety-valve, and all underground self-acting or engine plains or gangways on which cars are drawn, and persons are allowed to travel, shall be provided with some proper means of signaling between stopping place and the end of such plains and gangways, and sufficient places of refuge at the side of such plains or gangways shall be provided at intervals not more than thirty feet apart.

Sec. 5053. Whenever loss of life or serious personal injury shall occur by reason of any explosion or of any

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accident whatever in or about any mine, it shall be the duty of the 'person having charge of the mine to report the facts thereof without delay to the mine inspector, and if any person is killed thereby, to notify the coroner or some justice of the peace of said county, and it shall be the duty of the inspector to investigate and ascertain the cause of said explosion, and file a report thereof with the other records of his office; and to enable him to make such investigations, he shall have power to compel attendance of witnesses, and take depositions, administer oaths, and cost of the examination shall be paid by the county as the costs of coroners' inquests are now paid; and the failure of the person in charge of the mine where the accident occurred to give the inspector notice thereof shall be misdeme*nor.

Sec. 5054. It shall be the duty of the Governor, soon after the passage of this act, to appoint a practical miner, of not less than seven years' experience, Inspector of Mines for the State, who shall take the usual oath of office; said miner shall be a citizen and qualified elector of the State, and not interested as owner of any mine; and said inspector shall hold his office for two years, and until his successor is appointed and qualified, and be allowed a salary of $1,500 per annum.

Sec. 5055. It shall be the duty of said inspector to visit and inspect personally all coal mines in the State where there are twenty or more persons employed to work under ground at said mine at least every ninety days, and at all other times when required by his duties, and shall see that precaution is taken to insure the health and safety of the workmen employed in any of the mines, and that the provisions and requirements of this act be observed and the law enforced, and shall make a report to the Governor on the first day of November in each year, showing number of coal mines operated in the State, number of visits to said mines made by said. inspector, the manner of mining, whether by shaft, slope or drift, number of men employed at said mine, and all other information which he may think of public importance to the State. Said inspector shall not obstruct nor hinder the necessary working of any mine when examining and inspecting the same, unless it be necessary to make thorough inspection.

Sec. 5056. The owner, agent or operator of such mine is required to furnish all necessary facilities for entering and making such examinations and inspection, and

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if the owner, agent or operator aforesaid shall refuse to permit such inspection, or to furnish the necessary facilities for entering and making such examinations and inspection, the inspector shall file his affidavit setting forth such refusal before the judge of the circuit court in the county in which said mine is located, and said judge of said court is granted the power to issue an order commanding said owner, agent or operator to appear before said judge at chambers, or before the circuit court, to show cause why he refuses to permit said inspection, or furnish the necessary facilities for entering and making said examination, and upon hearing, the judge of the court shall have the power to fine such agent, owner or operator in any sum not less than fifty dollars.

sec. 5057. If the said inspector shall, after examination of any mine, and the works and machinery pertaining thereto, find the same worked contrary to the provisions of this act, or unsafe for the workmen employed therein, the said inspector shall file a complaint before the judge of the circuit court, in vacation, or the circuit court when in session, in the name of the State, without cost or bond, showing wherein the said owner, agent or operator has failed to comply with the provisions of this act, and the said court or judge, after hearing the cause, shall, if satisfied the law has not been complied with, restrain or enjoin the said owner, agent or operator from operating the said mine until the law is complied with. In all proceedings before said court or judge, the owner, agent or operator shall have two day's notice of the intended application for a restraining order, and the judge, or the court, shall hear the complaint on affidavits or other testimony that may be offered in support, as well as in opposition thereto, and if sufficient cause appear, the court or judge, in vacation, by order, shall prohibit the further working of any such mine in which persons may not be safely é¢mloyed, or which is worked contrary to the provisions of this act, until the same has been made safe, and the requirements of this act shall have been complied with, and the court shall award such costs in the matter of said proceedings as may be just, but any such proceedings so commenced shall be without prejudice to any other remedy permitted by law for enforcing the provisions of this act.

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Sec. 5058. For any injury to persons or property occasioned by willful failure to comply with any of its provisions, a right of action shall accrue to the party injured for any direct damages sustained thereby.

Sec. 5059. Any miner, workman or other person who shall knowingly injure any water gauge, barometer, aire course or brattice, or shall obstruct or throw open any air ways or carry any lighted lamps or matches into places that are worked by safety lamps, or shall handle or disturb any part of the machinery of the hoisting engine, or open a door to a mine, and not have the same closed again, whereby danger is produced, either to the mine or to those who work therein, or who shall enter any part of the mine against caution, or who shall disobey any order given in pursuance of this act, or who shall do any willful act whereby the lives and health of the persons working in the mine, or the security of the mine or miners or the machinery thereof is endangered, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine or imprisonment, at the discretion of the court.

Sec. 5060. The owner, agent or operator of any mine shall keep a sufficient amount of timber when required _to be used as props, so that the workmen can at all times be able to properly secure the said workings from caving in, and it shall be the duty of the owner, agent or operator to send down all such props when required and deliver said props to the place where cars are delivered.

Sec. 5061. The weighman employed at any mine shall, before entering upon his duties, take and subscribe an oath, or affirmation, before some proper officer, to do justice between employer and employe, and to weigh the output from the mine honestly and correctly. 'The miners engaged in working any mine shall have the privilege, if they so desire, of selecting, by a majority vote, and employing at their own expense, a check-weighman, who shall in like manner take an oath, and who shall have like rights, powers and privileges, in attending and seeing that coal is correctly weighed, and who shall be subject to the same penalties as the regular weighman, and each of such weighmen shall keep account of all coal weighed at the mines, in a well-bound book kept for that purpose. Such oath or affirmation shall be kept posted in a conspicuous

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place in the weigh office, and every owner, agent or operator of any coal mine in the State shall keep a correct account of the output of coal at his mine in a well-bound book kept for that purpose, therein showing the amount of coal mined in each day, in each month and each year, and such account shall be kept in the general office in this State, of such owner, agent or operator, subject at all times to the inspection of the inspector, and if the mine be leased, subject also to the inspection of the owner of the mine, his agent or attorney.

Sec. 5062. Any inspector who shall willfully fail or refuse to perform any of the duties required of him by the provisions of this act shall be punished by a fine not less than one hundred dollars, and upon the third conviction for any such failure or refusal he shall be removed from office, and any other person convicted of a violation of any provision of this act, or of failing in any manner to comply therewith, except such provisions for which punishment has already hereinbefore been fixed, shall be punished by fine of not less than twenty-five dollars, and each day any violation or failure shall continue shall be deemed a separate offense; provided further, the provisions of this act do not apply to mines when less than twenty men are employed underground.— Act of April 4, 1893.

Screening Law.

An act to prevent fraud in weighing and measuring coal and requiring the same to be weighed or measured before screening and for other purposes:

Section 1. It shall be the duty of every corporation, company or person engaged in the business of mining and selling coal by weight or measure, and employing twenty or more persons, to procure and constantly keep on hand at the proper place the necessary scales and measures, and whatever else may be necessary, to correctly weigh and measure the coal mined by such corporation, company or person, and it shall be the duty of the mine inspector to visit each coal mine operated therein, and where such scales and measures are kept, at least once in each year, and test the correctness of such scales and measures. The owner or operators of such coal mine, or any two or more of the miners working therein, may, in writing, require his attendance at the place where such

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scales and measures are kept, at other times in order to test the correctness thereof, and it shall be his duty to comply with such request as soon as he can after receiving such request.

Sec. 2. All coal mined and paid for by weight shall be weighed before it is screened, and shall be paid for according to the weight so ascertained, at such price per ton or bushel as may be agreed upon by such owner or operator and the miners who mined the same; provided, that nothing in this act shall be so construed as to prevent said owner or operator from having the right to deduct the weight of any sulphur, slate, rock or other impurities contained in the car and not discoverable until after the car has been weighed.

Sec. 8. Any corporation or person violating any of the provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall, for each offense, be fined not less than twenty-five dollars and not more than five hundred dollars; and the officers, agents or employees of the corporation or company whose duty it was to do or perform the acts, or to cause it to be done and performed, which is the subject of the indictment, may be indicted jointly with said corporation or company, and upon conviction thereof be fined in any sum not less than twenty-five dollars nor more than five hundred dollars.—Act of April 10, 1899.

History Of Arkansas' Lumber Industry.

A bird's-eye view of the State of Arkansas (a State larger than England, New York or Virginia, and when settled as thickly as Massachusetts will have a population of 12,000,000) would present to the vision of the beholder, in mountains, rivers, wooded valleys, uplands and lowlands, a wonderful kaleidoscopic panorama—a variegated, picturesque and extraordinary landscape. The presence and prominence of the ranges of mountains traversing its territory in different sections would at once accentuate the densely timbered primeval forests which these embosom, while its great wealth of rivers presenting 3,250 miles of navigable waters, which wind their eternal serpentine courses, like so many vast ribbons of burnished silver,

along or through nature's own forestry, would form a beautiful scene of reflected brightness for the expansive shading of growing vegetation that altogether would constitute a composite picture, which, to the true lumbermain's heart, could scarcely fail of suggesting a veritable ''"Garden of the Gods'—if I may be pardoned for becoming somewhat rhapsodical on the subject of the State's timber resources, which, of course, constitute the entire foundation of the vast possibilities of the future lumber business of the State, as well as the past and present. Such a survey would disclose the fact that not a bald and barren region of rolling prairie constituted the one striking characteristic of the State, but that a bounteous timber supply, if the farm lands be excepted, would be the main feature in its contour and personnel.

From "King's Hand Book of the United States'— just out, and the very latest published authority on the subjects upon which it treats—on page 65, I quote: "There are about 30,000 square miles of timber lands in Arkansas, the most abundant being the yellow pine." There are 15,000 square miles of pine land. 'The cypress is found in the swamps of the east and south. Different species of oaks abound, the white oak being the most valuable. Yellow poplar occurs. in the east and cedar 1s abundant in the northern mountains. Other valuable woods are walnut, cherry, sweet gum, hickory, beech, maple, elm and ash, persimmon, pecan, catalpa, sycamore, buckeye, dogwood and locust. 'From these forests," continues this authority, "$20,000,000 worth of lumber is cut yearly, large shipments being made to Europe." Again, on page 68, appears the following quotation from ex-Governor Ss. P. Hughes, and at present an associate justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court, viz: "We know that Arkansas abounds in all the material elements of wealth and greatness; that she has over 2,000,000 acres of State lands to be donated to actual settlers, and that there are within her borders 5,000,000 acres of public lands of the United States subject to homestead entry, to be had in 160-acre tracts at a cost of not over $20 per tract. We are rich in timber, having 30,000 square miles of grand forests of the most valuable varieties; rich in minerals, having over 12,000 square miles in coal fields, an abundance of iron, manganese, zinc, copper, marble, granite, limestone, lithograph and soapstone."' Since Governor Hughes made this statement immense deposits of valuable aluminum clay have been found in the State. Excepting the prairie lands

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and lands in cultivation, the whole State is heavily timbered. So much for the timber resources and possibilities of the great and rapidly developing State of Arkansas.

Now, as to a history in brief, and a resume of the lumber manufacturing industries of the State. Quoting once more from the volume to which I have previously referred, I take from page 68 the following extract: "The manufacturers of Arkansas are small compared with the quantity of raw material found within her borders. Her coal, lumber, clay, marble, chalk, building stone, whetstone, manganese and cotton, will undoubtedly cause the manufacturing interests to increase in the future. In 1880 there were in Arkansas 1,202 manufacturing establishments, employing about 5,000 hands and a capital of $30,000,- 000. In 1887 the number of factories had increased to 2,400, employing 16,000 hands and capitalized at $58,000,- 000. Flour and lumber mills employ the great bulk of this investment.' Later on I shall present more in detail larger and more comprehensive statistics, compiled from absolutely authentic sources, which show the present status and magnitude of the Arkansas lumber business, but for the present shall sketch briefly the birth and advent of the industry here. From the best authenticated information obtainable from living witnesses in this the southwestern part of the State, I conclude that the circular saw made its advent in this section not earlier than the 50's. Previous to that time the custom as to the manufacture of useful lumber, was to saw it from the rough logs by means of what was then called a "whip saw''—a slab of notched iron, more cumbersome but not altogether unlike the familiar "crosscut saw" of the present. The only purposes for which manufactured lumber was used in the earlier days of the settlement of this State were those of Hooring and constructing door and window shutters, when the boards were never dressed. The sawmill personnel then consisted of a hewn log, squared with the broadax, usually to about a foot square; this was laid horizontally on a platform or trestle seven feet above the ground and a straight mark having been made on the stock thus prepared with a line and some sort of colored liquid, for the guidance of the upper sawyer, one stout and brawny lumberman mounted the log and pulled the "whip saw" up from below and another sawyer underneath pulled the saw down from above through the log, and thus the two

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would produce possibly one or two hundred feet of lumber per day. This may seem a primitive method of producing boards, but such was the state of affairs in southwest Arkansas within the memories of very many old settlers yet living, and by no means in their dotage. Indeed, I have in mind as I write this, a building yet standing and occupied as a residence, in Arkadelphia, Clark County, constructed in 1836, a material part of the original lumber with which it was built and is yet good, was sawed in this way, and one of the men who helped saw it thus is still living. This method constituted for a long while the principal, if not the only way of producing lumber all cver the State, the exception of water or other power being used having been rare. With the great abundance of water power existing everywhere so conveniently, it was but a natural step upward in the evolution of the lumber business, to apply water power to the driving of the "sash saw," a saw still like the crosscut, which worked in a frame and made its upward and downward strokes with accelerated speed and power so effectively as that a much better grade of lumber and a much larger quantity, ranging at from one to four thousand feet per day, was produced. This ''sash saw" was undoubtedly the progenitor, probably the grandfather of the "gang saw" of today. It represented the "monkey stage" of the "gang saw's' evolution. The final appearance of the circular saw announced the awakening of a slumbering giant, destined by its activity and magnificent prowess to cause a buzz in the forest wilds of the State, that like the ominous booming or the long muzzled canon, known of history, was "heard all around the world;"' and yet the use of the circular saw did not so rapidly augment, in volume, the lumber industry as such an event seemingly should have done, when the superb conditions for its growth were so auspicously at hand in every locality. Previous to the advent of the great trunk railways which now traverse this State from different points of the compass, binding her in close embrace to her sister commonwealths, the sawmill industry, save in exceptional localities, did not assume anything at all like great proportions. The great majority of all mills then existing were those of small capacities, and their fixtures, machinery and accessories, were mechanical simplicities, and unwieldy and puerile seeming paraphernalia now. Even as late as in the 70's, in places where millions of feet are now cut per day, a production of 5,000 or 6,000 feet was rather a remarkable

average daily output, while an output of 10,000 feet of lumber in a day would have been an extraordinary product. ln the absence of railway transportation facilities, such mills had only to supply the local demand, embracing an area of perhaps fifteen or twenty miles of contiguous territory. Then, lumber being hauled only along the ordinary dirt roads, in road wagons, drawn by mules, horses or oxen, was sold by the hundred feet, and a lumber bill for one purchaser footing up into the thousands of feet was indeed a "fat take," which, to be sure, came singly and never in whole battalions, so to speak; nor was the taste so exacting then as it now is. 'The lumber business had not then become that precise science which experience and education with its lines has throughout the State made it now to be. Then the quality of the product was not so critically considered, and classifications and graduations such as now obtain everywhere had no existence in the main portions of the State. Lumber then, like whisky, was all good; some, however, being better than other. "Culls" were not then so much thought or spoken of; were not so aggressively large in bulk then, as now this aggravating rubbish is wont to become. But if the output was small, and the average quality was not of a high grade, the prices commanded by it were truly compensating—then it was worth $20 to $30 per 1,000 feet at the mill, as compared with $14 per 1,000 feet of "first" at the mill now. But the construction in 1873 of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway from the Missouri state line across the entire State of Arkansas, having rendered possible the safe and rapid transportation to any of the open markets of the United States in particular, and with the outside world at large in general, of lumber as of any other valuable and indispensable commodity, a new impulse all along the lines of that railway and its branches was given to the production of lumber in this State, and this also might be said of the completion later on of the "Cotton Belt" road, and, of course, applies to the construction of the Fort Smith Railway.

In addition to this lumber product, there is also turned out annually, in this State, the following closely related forest products: Cedar posts and piling, 1,600,000 pieces ; hickory, 1,000,000 feet; cypress shingles, 3,000,000,000 ; felloes and staves, 1,500,000,000; poplar, 8,500,000; ash, 20,000,000; spokes, 2,000,000—the value of these swells the total value of the State's forest products to not less than $20,000,000.

— 255

Following is a list of Arkansas Woods:

Alder, smooth, Elm, winged,

Apple trees (300 varieties), Farkleberry,

Apricots, Flowering Dogwood, Ash, black, Grapevines (18 varieties), Ash, blue, Gum, black,

Ash, green, Gum, sweet,

Ash, prickly, Hackberry,

Ash, water, Haw, apple,

Ash, white, Haw, black,

Aspan, Haw, May,

Bass wood, Hawthorne,

Bay tree, Hickory, black,

Beech, American, Hickory, nutmeg,

Beech, water, Hickory, shellbark, Berry, soap, Hickory, thick shellbark, Birch, river, Hickory, water,

Birch, white, Hickory, white,

Blue wood, Hickory, white heart, Bois d'Are, Holly, Box Elder, Hop Hornbeam (Ironwood), Brittle wood, Huckleberry,

Buckeye, Ohio, Japanese persimmon, Buckeye, sweet, Judas tree (Red Bud), Butternut (white Walnut), Large Tupelo,

Calico Bush, Laurel (Spoonwood), Catalpa, Lemon,

Catalpa, Western, Linden,

Cedar elm, Locust, black,

Cedar, red,

Cedar trees (18 varieties),

Cherokee plum, Cherry, bird, Cherry, May, Cherry, wild,

Locust, honey, Locust, water, Lombardy poplar, Long Leaf pine, Magnolia,

Maple, red,

Chestnut, Maple, river, Chinquapin, Maple, soft, 'Chokeberry, Maple, white,

Cockspur thorn, Coffee Bean tree,

Mulberry, red, Mulberry, white,

Coralberry, Nut, Cottonwood, Nuttall, Cucumber tree, Oak, black, Cypress, Oak, blackjack, Damson, Oak, burr, Devil wood, Oak, cow, Elm, slippery, Oak, overcup, Elm, white (river), Oak, pin,

Oak, post,

Oak, red,

Oak, rock,

Oak, rock chestnut, Oak, scarlet,

Oak, shingle,

Oak, water,

Oak, white,

Oak, white swamp, Oak, willow, Orange,

Orange, mock, Papaw, Paricanthus,

Peach trees (50 varieties), Pecan,

Persimmon,

Pine, old field, Pine, pitch,

Pine, scrub,

Pine, yellow,. Plum, Chickasaw, Plum, hog,

Plum, wild,

Planer tree, Polecat wood, Poplar, downy, Poplar, or Tulip tree, Quince trees, Rattan,

Red Bay tree,

Red elm,

Red haws,

—256-—

Sassafras,

Silver Bell tree, Silver Leaf maple, Sheepberry, Shittam wood, Short Leaf pine, Smoke tree,

Spice wood, Sorrel wood,

Sour wood,

Sugar maple, Sugar tree, Sumac, black, Sumac, staghorn, Sweet Bay tree, Sweet Leaf, Sycamore,

Tear Blanket, Wait-a-bit, Thorn, pear, Thorn (Scarlet-Fruited), Tree of Heaven, Tupelo gum, Turkey,

Umbrella tree, Wahoo (Burning Bush), Walnut, black, Weeping Willow, White wood,

Wild Crab Apple, Wild Goose Plum, Willow, black, Witch Hazel,

pala he

Industries Of Arkansas.

List Of All Corporations,

Except Railroads, Organized in this State from October 1, 1900, to October 1, 1902.

Date of Filing.

Name of Corporation.

Octulel900r... Oct. 24, 1900. .. Nov. 14,1900 .. Nov. 30,1900 .. Janie 901 ye Jan. 21, 1901 Feb. 28, 1901... Marcy 27,1901 . March 28, 1901 . April 8,1901... April 11,1901 .. April 17,1901... April 29, 1901

May 8, 1901 May 25, 1901 June 4,1901 June 15,1901 . June 20, 1901

Sept. 13,1901 .. Sept. 23,1901 .. Oct. 11, 1901 Oewvla loos. Oct. 11,1901 .. Oct. 12, 1901.: Oct. 28,1901 .. Nov. 30,1901... Jatt ils LOO2S. +. Jan. 28,1902... Feb. 24,1902... March 18, 1902.. March 20, 1902.

April 14,1902 .. April11,1902..

April 17, 1902 April 19,1902 .. Mav 13,1902... June 7,1902 ... June 20, 1902 .

June 30, 1902 July 19, 1902... Aug. 1,1902 ... Aug. 12, 1902 April 15, 1902 Aug. 21,1902 .. Sept. 23, 1902... Sept. 24,1902 .. Sept. 27, 1902. .

Oct. 12,1900 .. Oct. 20,1900 .. Nov. 1,1900 ... Nov. 17, 1900 Dec. 31, 1900. Jatt OO 76 2

ee ASG ae eb. 15,1901... March 2,1901.. March 8, 1901 .. March 18,1901 . Aprils sL9O Le April 6,1901... April9,1901... April 15, 1901

May 20, 1901 Junei1,1901 ...

American Grocer Co., The

.|Arkansas Stock:& Detective Union Association ... .|Arkansas County Oil, Gas & Mineral Pros. Co., Ltd..

. Arkansas Compress & Warehouse Company

..|Arkansas-Missouri Mining Co., The .|Arkansas Oil Co., The

Ashley Lumber Manufacturing Co. .|Ark., La. & Miss. R. R. & Hotel Guide Co., The... ..

..|Ashdown Cotton Oil Co

..|Advance Publishing Co., The

.|Arkansas Mutual Fire Ins., Co PAT kansAsseOnt Wat COne lies eity beanie anole

.|Blue (The) Ribbon Mining Co .|Bayou Plating Co

..|Bank of Horatio . .|Buffalo & White River Marble Mfg. Co.

IAG ATISHS NOWELE VA COtns we cic rainal tae iota tee cieh aa aises AD person Matler-tra bell Conti 4a co oir coe a oes ArkansasieriitandharmiGCo, tan est oad. h ae nie a ER DELESH OG La Seer GCE OUL RA IR coer et ane aa Arkansas Mineral and Marble Co. .: Anianisasply dimer Oita seretalseies sb of toni sicteere ious IA PICA NSASIV, OOLETN: MTS cmmar. 6 coat Goi net he eae tere bienis APICANSASH NICO. COs Aetale foals acc ceatuate nis wise ey dete Arkadelphia Ice & Fuel Company

Arkansas RiversLelepnone Coscia ea. oh one ANT KANSASTASDHALL COtmrcat terials woe a attel the Wiisiaeeesens American Automatic Change-Maker Company ers Antoine Land & Developement Co Apple Growers Union, The

Arkansas Cotton Products Co. (name changed). eet

Bi O16: f6) 0) 0 @ 6 ene ais ois

Aeniericai emo keless OMau CO nite ue teint oie cidahé checels (IEA OR ES LOSM Nites TaN ice alae eu Ee eye ate ietee 6 Alinaelepnone Communes we, ters. cy ava ie a crema INElcansaS Savino s Dank (isc okie tice ceeraaee ate. bes sts Arkansas Military Academy / Nog ee Walenta] wae Cro pes Agta) Whe cael ae od tei a he bere ae a A iss Giri Ore eta iat el tate. nl Cake on eat, Ta, Arkansas Conference Association of Seventh Day Adventists, The

0) 68) ea! wywile: jet, wi ® fo) [ele le) ws, ea ra

oe.\e) Sata She Pelee Sienle ie 649) Che) 0's, O. # me

American Land & Lumber Co. A ed Ks cies SLO Bate Auvergne Gin & Milling Co., The Arkansas Land & Title Co

ee eH a RN ee set ee Be ae

oS, Ole so 6 0 6 ie #6) 0. ele) 6 ee 8. 0

Ce ean Met er eC et

Sia Je tele ue if Sis) ws) 2 Tee elie, a os

WATkansas Mutialuavestinent Co. fan vou denne e

Aurora Placer Mining Co., The

eels ns sis) 6, 070) © 618.0 4 2 lee) (6

36) "611 tee) 61) 6) 0 0) 6k see) ane 10

A TOS TIS GTO, Comer irm dean ntee ain ot teen oe ere Arkansas Packing & Cold Storage Co Arkansas Angora Stock Co Alphin & Lake Cotton Co

8) Gs! ie etere oa 2 06 Oo 4978 5) .8Volene 6 @ 40g © Beye) 4.16.10

Wht Ge Cy a ele eo 6) Chet ele .s.6 b 06 ee @

Bank of atten Plant @ 1a) (8) She wy eh es (Bl Bie '6, 0 © (el aise) 06, <6)'2 t8,"0) owt

o18 e We ot). 6) 60) eRe 6. /e 18) eeus tow 66

2 ye enle ele? ta ois, le, Oe rl Ps a. Tlie ees 8) ale ve)

Business Men's League of Southwestern District of UAT a DISA SURSS Ome mint Velo ew SO eRe ekertn ol, Ott Oh Oa Bareome Vvenine OUTS: ewoererawe ole ya ai cies ae + Blakeley (R. L.) Mercantile Co Bowser (The) Furniture Co vin lea CA Oe POWer COn.. ion cele e oie Gehl oie Big (The) Three Mining & Milling Co ESPEN OLAV ELO TOM teaus amb eee e sO Nee tye try tee panes vial Big (The) Four Mercantile Co Berry VilleminningiCOr) sla ac; cea ome tack stm etc. Beal-Doyle Dry Goods Co Black Grocery Co Bank of DeQueen

0) (0) S016 A 910.9) 6,8 6,0: ©

pyfeset a (0 uate le te all ise 16s! @ se le le

PKE", ahh they es Be. te cs 6

Wiege ck) 6 0,0 6 be 6 Ledeen ei 8) oe:

#7 Th) ess sie). o (es ets Tew, a) whe 6 oe uene™

MCC Cy PM ee ett ia re ee er Se Rete Sar ett et ye) wT

6 Vai be 0) e660) 6 6 Ort ete a 8.6 6 Wiehe C0 Ss mw eee

M—9

Location.

Monticello. Little Rock. Little Rock. Little Rock. Clarksville. Newport. Little Rock. Harrison. Warren. Nashville. Lonoke. Arkadelphia.

.|Bald Knob.

Olena. Dumas. Little Rock. Little Rock. Little Rock. Antoine. Springdale. Marianna. Forrest City. Clarendon. Hamburg

Little Rock.

Fort Smith. Pine Bluff. Alma. Harrison. Little Rock. Slatington. Alma.

Ashdown. Avenue Landing. Auvergne. Searcy. Hamburg. Little Rock. Wynne.

Little Rock. Little Rock. Little Rock. Pine Bluff.

Fort Smith. Eureka Springs. Little Rock.

Euclid.

Pine Bluff. Cotton Plant. Horatio. Mam. Spring.

Arkadelphia. Evening Shade. Prescott. Little Rock. Brinkley. Newport. Waldron. Corning. Berryville. Little Rock, Brinkley.

ee

—258—

List Of All Corporations,

Except Railroads, Organized in this State from October 1, 1900, to October 1,

1902.—Continued.

Date of Filing

Name of Corporation.

Location.

June 5,1901 ... June 13,1901 .. June 17,1901 .. July 3, 1901... . July 15, 1901 Augs2; 1901s, 2 Sept.9,1901... Janel LO lee

Jan. 2, 1902 .

Jan. 6, 1902 .. |Brockman igen & Cold Storage Co 4 ...|Bank of Mulberr

Jan. 11,1902 . Jan. 15, 1902 Jan. 23, 1902

Jans 2%, 902m. Feb. 6, 1902 March 3, 1902 .. March 12, 1902 . March 14, 1902 . March 15, 1902 . March 19, 1902 . April 16, 1902 .. April 11,1902 .. April 17,1902 ..

April 19, 1902 .

April 22, 1902 .. May 15, 1902 June 4,1902 ...

June 20, 1902

Nulyoteel O02 sae July 21, 1902 July 25, 1902 July 28, 1902 ..|Black Store Co

Aug. 12, 1902

Aug. 19,1902 .. Aug. 25,1902 ..

Nov. 8, 1900...

Nov. 23, 1900 .. Dec. 7, 1900 Dec. 31, 1900...

Jan. 24,1901 ..

JaniZon 1901s,

Jan. 30,1901 .

Feb. 28, 1901...

March 9, 1901 . March ite 1901

March 21, 1901 . March 23, 1901 . March 28, 1901 . April 6) 190i April 11,1901 .. April 13,1901 .. April 18,1901 .. May 4,1901 May 9,1901 June 19,1901 .. itl yol LOO Tee. Aug. 21,1901 .. Sept. 7,1901... Sept.19,1901.. Octes. 190 le.

Oct. 14, 1904

Nov. 25,1901 .. Nov. 26,1901 ..

Nov. 27,1901 .. Dec. 10,1901... lar Onet OU mee anys G02 ee oe Vane 10 G02 ee 161 2 Ol) Zeer

Jan.

Bayless (The) Jewelry Co.

Batesville Wholesale Grocer Co.

Burke (J. E.) & Co

Berryville Hotel Co

. |\Capital Furniture Manufacturing Co 2 Citizens/Bank of Monticello. ieee eee Carlisle Canning: Co nee eee ee Citizens Investment and Security Co |Cornmie Stave: Com. 2.00. ae: ae eee ee Camden Machinery & Supply Co Clarendon Laim ber; Con sree ete ey ee ee Citizens Banks SN ioe eee eee Citizens Light.ce btansit. Go... eee oe ene ner Canideni@Cotton seed Oil Malle eee eee

Choctaw Pressed Brick & Terra Cotta Co

Choctaw Oil Co Clay County Ginning Co

Chicot Bank

Bank.ot Prairie Grove eee ee ee Bentonville Ice & Cold Storage Co Bank of Commerce=2.)...6 oe EL eee Bank of Green Forest Mg PES Ratan ad eal Bure-Horbes Lam ber Coin! Seen eee ee Blow' (iV...) Stave Cole i o¥o ons eee ee ee J) Meat Coss mere lero hare renters Boston Storeio san. it ocean occ ee eee

68) 6 0h.6 we eve so 6 \ls: celal. aS jes @ 6 a) wld

... |Border City Ice & Cold Storage Cop aiit tee on ee Birnie' Real. Hstate:Co amie si eee rae

Blytheville Supply.Co-sees a ee ee IBooker Mercantile Coss se oan ee ene eae 'Bentom Brick Con. Sea eee cea rc nee eee eee Bank of Coal Hil iis. Un mom ens ie nee ee te

Block/Oueensware| Coe. eter nner iene BoonevilleiIce' Coen... oe ck pete ne ee Bertie-Smith Comte. i 5 tert eee eer eee J. bald MountainsManinci Co. eee eset enn eee Bank (The) & Trust Co. of Walnut Ridge Beakley-Swain Gin Cole. a) wee eee

© eile Jalip. 6 0) 10, be (ere) eal © Wie ale sue lade te

© fo) c © 6 6 Ww Te ee es) eel ne, whe) SR w wre eel ous Ne

Banke of Dillarkr ee eee) ee ea ee

Citizens (Che) Banlca i ne eee ee yee Cypress Lum berdco bing le CO ee ee ener ere Cotton Exchange .e5 om 0a eee eee eee Clarendon'Stave Com o- ones noe alee Clarendon (The) Hay-Press & Manufacturing Co...

Citizens! Prickdcrl alte (Colma, ieee ee ee Cherokee Mining Conta. syoccece oa ree eee Citizens Com press| Cosmin wees erat ee ee Crvystal' Tce: Coc sgn - eae eee ea etree Camden Oil 6 Paint: Cone eee ae ene ee Clifford: (Thé): seca ane eee hc IWONEL OLONG Gy press Cov, yee ee eee Citizens (The)/Banikjot Osceolayics. wan ne cee Church (The) of the Living God of Christian Friend-

ship Workerst.3 0" credence eo eer eee Cane Hill Prmt Processing Cols. een nein Investment Coss. aeun iar cee eee Cane Hill Cold Storage & Orchard Co Citizens Land Co.) fiat a) ee oe ee ee eee CoscuratRemedy Coane 7.0. ike oe eae Gobi GM SMA yiGonnie.ey. seen en eee ine eee eee

Prairie Grove. Little Rock. Bentonville. Paragould. Batesville. Green Forest. DeQueen. Hill's Chapel. Pine Bluff. Van Buren. Little Rock. Mulberry. Fort Smith. Fort Smith. Crawfordsville. Fayetteville. Alma. Blytheville. Garland. Benton.

Coal Hill. Plummerville. Newark. Burma.

Fort Smith. Booneville. Blytheville. St. Joe. Jonesboro. Walnut Ridge. England. Berryville. Corning. Tillar. Okolona.

Little Rock. Monticello. Carlisle. Little Rock. Junction City. Camden. Clarendon. Morrilton. Pine Bluff. Camden. Fort Smith. Smithville. Little Rock. Pine Bluff. Clarendon. Clarendon. Fort Smith. Rector.

. Jonesboro.

Paragould. Camden: Lake Village. Clifford. Corner Stone. Osceola.

Cane Hill. Little Rock.

Fayetteville.

Pine Bluff. Hot Springs. Little Rock.

—259—

LIST OF ALL CORPORATIONS, Except Railroads, Organized in this State from October 1, 1900, to October 1,

1902.—Continued.

Date of Filing. Name of Corporation. Location. Hameo, ou +. iGamden Music & Machine Co... wc fis ccd dselds. Camden. ete ea, due +. ouch-Moore Lumber Co 3. uiewaes dle bce he bees Magnolia. Jan. 30, 1902 ... |Central (The) Telephone Co 5.. Harrison. Name 02 peenCitizens bank Of Stuttgart: 6.0 oe a Stuttgart. etmomLOO cme aieaAncd Well laid) CO cnr tere co tpetlere oa shehe cles) ore wre ss Paragould. Feb. 10, 1902... ESEY, CL Be) LPUue GOn de le doer v ables oe Ce here ee ots © Batesville. emma. L 902s a Citizens. Gas.ce Piel Cov.s A. dcce Cre ictal so otete crete ek Newport. Repent J02-4Gross County investmentiCosia. ce. lesa ae eae Vanndale. BepeconlLoOzen Choctaw Mercantile Conta tines. ne inlA sneer Perry. March 5, 1902 .. |Craighead County Land & Commission Co. Jonesboro. March 22, 1902 . |Crescent Chie iHotel: Cone ey Were iar es anh ee Eureka Springs. April 21, 1902... Cooper Mercantile; Cons ner a ee es Blytheville. Meryem OO are ea GOIEVALCE: COndartety ase ale ate onere or soe ghe Seale tre ine oon el Little Rock. Mi yao el OOA enn) Gonstimerstice CO hte cies toe faca sete wie eholebe ated alone Little Rock. tient ea Ct IZONS CP NCY DAI™ celts i ws cla ue alee bln sho egaeie s Hope. aly OmLoUs ee CHICoLoUpply Dullding Col 22.4.1 sisaeinin ce Bee ne Hamburg. Lelephone Cove a. . uk deeiorce bere aie Corning. Sept. 26, 1902 .. |Chanute (The) Mining & Lumber Co Yellville. atime LOO ween Deleate Live stock Cow. occ cece vals isles sore ee ene Saginaw. jon LOO Mme ranchomotave Gow # asa ct erie netre et cea Draughon. Bums Oise Otmaci Mercantile Cove. sas doe faeces a oes. Dumas. MarcorsGeloOimenbDixie (hne):Clothing Co.sase sss. ee Little Rock. Une a OO alas ©oal COA ater. Munk eran tein ot the cee oe Huntington. i valOn LOO exes Dilkces (ihe) typewriter: Come. tons Semi ene Little Rock. Auge LOL aa vis Commission) Cor seo cise a cote oes pelea ln: Little Rock. ment raoul ey Daman (Wer. ).Lumbper. Con.) Oi oe te na. ok UBT: Danville. aneom OZ Davies (enti oneiimber Cols scts em ris see nine ere aieee Magnolia Mayle 902208. DeVall-siblitt Ginide:Milline-Co i224 eee ae eee DeVall's Bluff. NEY oiler LOO Zee mi iamondulaum pernCOmes wae mee os cite sieteiass one eee ie Cargile. Aug. 18, L027 eee Dek oan (Lhe)! Ginic& Milli Co;me nes cen te ae Hope. Aug. 27, LOODMealDrewelturniture' Corsa meen cs eters dine ee ak Monticello. Sept. 30, OO Zr Dutsonmivercaniile: CO ame, (srccls cits iauta ew eriiotet cas Dutton. INove241900) |(Bureka Retrigerator Mig. Cot jessie sciscles cs thes Prescott. DecwlOeto00 we, .LEenterprise Puselé& Grain Cos. ores. ee ee cee. Little Rock. atte Lomlod lean Loyvntian Weal COs maa ate cats Sate. aekeees Little Rock. Marcio OOlme a Dads, brosorurniture COs. 1. A letesstskae atieeeie, tenne Fort Smith. MananlomtOO teen lixin Mintna ScMilling Corsi cnet fakes dee ee eke Harrison. Ncwerie LOOMeens Hnelanderinting Coca ae ania na de hotlist ea ae cae England Nova on LoOlees england supply Conn a sakes eee nk eee eke England ation! OO 2eereral ere DOS nr ateiened dit mone aie eros ti iar tteie legate Bay. 'hie omiOOZemee birelcat Water Common cae ce eee ee hei bk eta Eureka Springs. ates lols Em Ureka-oDrinrSenvand Cog smainiis seas. s nic unis etl Eureka Springs. Heprow oO 2 seta ivins-W ison Grocery: COM. wer eii ha certo sive eee ie Fayetteville. Mavers aU O2emn Eli Dorado. Compress:\Comeatotiia. ac cee eae El Dorado. July21, 1902-4. |b! Dorado Lumber & Planing Mill Cosel o.oo. El Dorado. Ween Lom 9O0REaHarmers batik of Rofl wen aaa tea ecto acts we oe IROfie Le HebromloO lame iranklia BrOSs@oOuw cs ae ache ee ea satire eh cholane ahs. Little Rock. Heby zon oO. forrest City Loedé& Power'Con..cls cen eh cee ee. Forrest City. Mays, 190 tee Kort Smith Shoe Manufacturing Cov. o), 255.2... Fort Smith. June 29, 1901). . |Franklin County Telephone Co ,..5 05 005 Charleston. DitiveomloO lees ox Dros. bata wate GO aoe mete oh tee end tee Pine Bluff. Sept. 4, LOU MeaRAatinersevilitna: One sou ee ehenien aie oe Lekr ee Gye UE Marmaduke. Sept. 23, RO eerie MW hite Cay Lia Sts Ne Leet, dears ae Plummerville. Slot eowrrole 1 Matlicner (RL A.) & Cone oian bes be ee ee Se El Dorado. Oct. 17, 1901 ... |Farmers & Merchants Bank Lake City. Novaomiguleeme| Hort omith Rapid Iransit Com. 2... eae eee Fort Smith. Decea tl Olen) barrell' bros. ce) Watkins Lumber Come... 0c.. ee Little Rock. Jat be ooomee Port.onuth Packing Com 2/5 or. no. Pe Fort Smith. VWannzOpLOOZeinariners oa Merchantsibanlkey la... ola cae ole Des Arc Bepe2sulo02zaeh rt intiCbhe Wl amberCo iu). are nee eee Belleville. Mar. 13, 1902 .. |Fayetteville Wagon, Wood & LumberCo Fayetteville. Aprils, L002 torre H.W) Mercantile Co i... 0) ee oe Esau. Piple Meee crm tte aes GrtthGOs 00.) ua Fie tale, ra, ane a eyed wha Morrilton. Aor os OO2Zmnu Rrencm Greek Lim ber Con oa. cs ek oe eats Chidester. May 2, 1902 |Fort Smith Folding Bed & Table Co Fort Smith. une 10,1902 ..|Fort Smith News-Record Co c00000% Fort Smith. Me AAO Pm ALINeLS Catt Ose aisiicnel she tel glide sks ek state ne ee beieelte Rector. June soy, ig02s.. Port omith Commission Co... 7. tue. bee el. Fort Smith.

—260—

List Of All Corporations

Except Railroads, Organized in this State from October 1, 1900, to October 1

1902.—Continued.

Date of Filing. Name of Corporation. Location. if

uly 10, 1902,. 2tFishburn Zine Go 85-0 Spee ope ee Gute, eee Harrison tly 28,°1902:..c4| FarmersiGi'Cor oo aeisce ane ee un ne Augusta Aug) 671902in. Power Co mires nears eee Piggott. Aug. 15,1902 . Fayetteville Ice & Cold Storage Co Fayetteville Nove 21900 ee Gurdon Gin & Mill' Cony cae cocci ete rele ot are Gurdon Nov..19;:1900iWwEiGoodwiniphingle' Comes eee. porn eee Olney. Decs7) 190043 Garland Novelty: Cowie: wee ae cee ee rae ee Hot Springs. Feb; 4/1901 4224 Gates (David) Mercantile: Covaye nie Leeman ee Lonoke. Feb. 12, 1901...j;\Genoa Land & Improvement Co Genoa. March 20, 1901. .|Greenville Stave Co. of YellCo cescceeeceess Greenville. May 31, 1901... .|Great Southern Remeédiy:Co te csi oils cielo eens Fort Smith. June 5, 1001 4.1 Gosnell Mercantile Co Marick ot pete aan neo een Nashville. July.18, 1901. NGray (lhe) Copper Mining Core, arth . aaa Little Rock. Aug. 13,1901 ../Gentry Canning & Cold Storage Co Gentry Aus. 265.901 Grace! Logeitic: Conner rl aac eee eet eee Stamps Aug 26,1901. iGravell Logsing: Cow a. nae erento nee ry chair Stamps Avie: 2650901 2 i GallahersLoscing Comite ote ae Stamps. Sept. 16, 1901 . .|Green (The) Forest Oil & Gas Co. :.{Green Forest. Oct28, 19012... |Gant-Barnes:(Dhe) Lumber Comino aa ne Corner Stone. Oct. 2351901... Yount: Lumber Coven ae. ie eee eee aD OOme valle: Noy: 30;1901:. |Gwaltney Mercantile' Coo 44 eee Prairie View. Jan. 28, 1902 .. .|Garrison Alphine Hardware Co ehbivith El Dorado. Feb. 25, 1902 Creamery/Con.. aceasta ee Carlisle. March 1, 1902): .|Grand\ Leader Mercantile Co (y.4ane ee ee eee Pocahontas. March ah 1902. Gilstrap; Y ound: Coney. ri cn el ee ee Pettigrew. June 7, 1902 ...|Graham (The WF): Cor sa pee nee seen Little Rock. May16,1902 |\Goeppinger'& Myers Co 6 lacie cae bee aa Piggott. May:215 1902.6) Gravel PilliComie siete oe ele eee rie eae New Lewisville. Eranster!Cona serene ee ee Bald Knob. Aug: 6.119022. "Guarantee Mercantile Co: setae sete retinas Harrison. Aug, 1671902") 3)|Graham-Wihite Dry Goods Cova eee ener Helena. Oct-15;1900 22. Hot Springs sure Care Medi Cosy cen ee Hot Springs. Nov; 32.1900) Ice & Coal: Cope etenie pee eee ee Hope. Nove ld@:1900-) Hardly Able Minine Colne eee eee ee eee Harrison. Dec. 3, 1900... Home (The) Furniture Manufacturing Co Pine Bluff. Dec 319002. Elome, Colonye a. ts. wrest ene eee et eee Fordyce. Dees 22519004.) Home. Bire Insurance'Co* Sener Seer Texarkana. Febs 7,190 )2.43)| Helliams Cope tly eaters hero eaten eee een ee Grady. Feb. 9, 1901... .|/Huntington Electric Light & PowerCo Huntington. March 9, 1901 . .|House Keepers' Vaundry Comyn ce iene cient Little Rock, March 20, 1901 .|Hale (The) & Crenshaw: Co.eas.. cscs ten eee Osceola. April 25, 1901 ..|Hot Springs Pharmacy.iCoraeae tse chee Hot Springs. Aug. 10, 1903 8) Pitlen: Milling Conn ee eile ven dice earns oe teeta Pocahontas. Aug, 12.1901) Harrison Hlectric Lightidz sane. nie eee rene Harrison. Auge19°1901s iHome telephone Colac a wane ee ae ran cee Ozark. Aue 2451001 aiblam c.véinen Realty) Comey. era seen iene ener eee Hot Springs. Aus: 268190 teas Harti Cogsing Com, 0 es oe eco ie ee Stamps. Sept. 11,1901 ..|Hot Springs Prospecting & Developing Co Hot Springs. Oct. 1521901) cae Harris' Mercantile Coc ueis ace eee ae eee Ledwidge. Nov: 19; 19015../Hambure Grocery Co cine. eee ce ein atone ete Hamburg. Nowv827 190 1a att Grocer-Gou sync ee ate aren eae Little Rock. Decs 12719015 sas se nee ene ee Clarksville. Deci 13) 190i).).0 Huntinston (The) Wead és Zinc Cov. se. tees ae Huntington. 4H arrison limplementiCopse. sec cir ieee one Harrison. Janv18 19027 sal Farris umber Comet eae oie ate oer tee ater Eagleton. Febs10;1902..) a/Ham burg Banik, 6. eianere eye seen cee eae eee Hamburg. Feb..1441.902:,. 4) Hill's Cymene &'Chemieal Conn. . i) s.yietee santero Hot Springs. Feb: 26,1902. +. Haynes (The): Mercantile Com ssa. einen octets Cenee Osceola. April 17, 1902/44) Hamiter Bros. Mercantile: Common. sete tenten Bradley. April 29, 1902 Hancock Land, Loan & Investment Co Mena. May 3, 1902 |Hunter MercantlieCo s.+..+2secscseeee Fowler. June 11,1902 ..})Home Telephone Co Lae 5 ance cer ar ae here Hope. june18 1902. 3) Helena: Hoop: Colac... on ee eae eee Helena. Aug. 4, 1902 ...|Hot Springs County;Bbankoey 7. cme ae eet haere Malvern. Oct, 87190027) Lowa' Clhe)' Minine cd) Malling! Com. ee (eee ioe Lawrence Co. .emboden Milling Com. seen eran eee ae aoe Imboden. Feb: 238; 1901 <ivory HandleCo a. (2)... vice oy oe ee ee Hope. May 16, 1901... . Inter-State Telegraph &jTelephoneCo :.. Ashdown.

—261—

List Of All Corporations,

Except Railroads, Organized in this State from October 1, 1900, to October 1,

1902.—Continued.

Date of Filing.

Name of Corporation.

Location.

Jaly lop Lol. Oct. 4,1901 March 10, 1902 . March 138, 1902 . April 15, 1902 ..

Jen. 14, 1901 eb. 4,1901..

Oct. 19,1901 .

Feb. 26, 1901.

Aug. 5,1901 . Feb. 27, 1902.

une 19, 1902

une 26, 1902 .. Aug. 6, 1902 .. Aug. 19, 1902 ..

.|Little Rock (The) Gin & Machine Co ...|Lacy- Jan. T7PLOOIe. Feb. 22) GSO eas "5 DAG ao GIs Alyy) (Ore: April 29, So0t Gal. i May 17, sca ae May 25, LOOM June 19,1901 .. June 21,1901 .. June 27,1901 .. Aug. 26,1901 Nov.cl190 ies: Jan. 9) 1902-35.). Feb. 1,1902 .|Lake City Land Co

Dec. 17, 1900.. Jan. 1, 1901

April 5, 1901 .

Feb. 18, 1902.. March 10, 1902

March 25, 1902. April 4,1902.. June 19,1902 .. June 20,1902 .. July 12, 1902 July 29, 1902... . Aug. 11,1902 .. Sept. 4,1902..

..|Little Rock Shell & Button Co PilsincolniG ie kDiamMond Cons edad ee one eee eee

Oct. 18, 1900... .|Most Worshipful National facece Looee of Free and

Sept. 6, 1902 . Sept. 12, 1902 . Nov. 14, 1900 Dec. 7, 1900. .

' Jan. 4, 1901. Jan. 26,1901 .

Feb. 4, 1901... Feb. 28,1901..

PMONUSOMMUOMIL YD ADIGE ict-tersl teense eee Pence nd sects eae an. 14,1901... . Jonesboro Savings & Trust Co May 10, 1901... . Aug. 27,1901 .. Sept. 18,1901... mlonesporo.t Lhe) Lranster Coda a 28 Sf.a dae eek

Ost 19OR AS Nov. 18,1901 .. an. 18,1902... une 20,1902 .. July 25, 1902 Aug! LODZ YS.

" Kelleamkye (lhe) Sanitarigm wc nice sere cic nie cone March 18, 1901. March 18,1901 . March 21. 1901 . ..|Kingdom (The) EE Co

Karcher (A.) Candy Co March 14, 1902 .|K

.|Little Rock Planing Mill Co

Ae MOnte ING INVestinetib OO scot a mieletenchni aha oetenel eee seat Dec. 21,1900... .|MclIver (H. M.)

Jan25, 901s. .|Monette Mercantile Co .|Merchants Transfer Co

aq aliens: .0.'4 ¢ ws bel ere Wie) 6.8 6.0 @ ete.

Independent Compress Co Improved Kitson Light Co. of Arkansas International Patents Co Inter-Urban Railway & Power Co Inter-Urban Improvement Co

a a eh Se, bas eee 6 'o Siete. ms wie 8 8

a tay4) a) 6) ee: Stele ete 6h be 6 'e Be

Wohnson County CoaliCossnyvas sue sei tee a te ee

Slab é, 6.6m [ea 6) eee pw 6! 8 ele

eS iene) ee! 4) ee wae 6 oes

Jackson County Telephone Co Tetfersom Mutual Insurance: Conm rna mos eins ee Jefferson County Humane Society FFOnes: bros, Mercantile CO cma cold a cle ein ts ONES. Crint: COipen sete eeeicto sete alae ae tants atsane et aterg Jounsone berger Con sy wee icks Aen tte ies Johnson Lumber Co MELET Luter Oe COMNis ala itatste nel aen siaet A itor mere re ie Jewell Mining & Development Co

©. Glee es es eiel Ge) a. 6S Bleue) 6) ete ave 'elie res

Kansas (The) City Mining & Developing Co Kansas (The) City & Ark. Mining & Milling Co Keystone Mining Coss nti ksGn ae oe ratte

Ce ee er

Kendall Fe yatta EOI Paco sation Serer diag s Knoxville Gin Co Kerlin Lumber Co

ae foe 8 og & tee 6 0 010 6 6 © 6 RKO eels) b Ce bl a. e rl Plene. else! s/s eli afer e & es

Vier Cee 6 ew 68 6/6 w 6.076 © Pie 6 6. 6 @ 0 ee! es

Kimball Co Little Rock Baseball Association Leali (The) Pressed & Fire Brick Co

Sia, dietele siete 6 6 0 6 8 6 8 6 eC e wee 6 6 & 6 812

ASCE) WECOPAtINewCOns, search ees ote fine clea alee tens Lonoke Brick Manufacturing Co Lake City Shingle & Lumber Co Lake City Oil Sinvestinent!Gou.:.).10areetene fp iveichare ester Coal Mining & i ransteriCouguy as oceans Latch (G. P.) Co Lee Logging Co Little: River/ (he) CountyaBbanicw.s w.ncen ee Gee. Lofton (A.) Dry Goods Co Little Rock Vehicle & Implement Co

Se) Ss OS a Be 8) 6 0 6 Oye

a repel 606: cate eo. 4s o) shea 6) a) RIS

Diferiesiie te o.'6 fare,'s ta uae me) @ 046 ole 'a ws: el dle ie, eo Vaid,

oO iste © le) See we le 6 tig die) @ Je. Stare) 6 te 3.6 io" ome

ina re? Sardar hecedtabal Ar eke SAE EI ote oe Leech Mining Co

Lena Lumber Co Voran Sountye COutOn Oil OM ean noes meen ies ee Little Rock.( Lhe) Engraving Co. aa. eseleiia dase e Little Rock (The) State Fair Association Lake City Supply Co Luxora Gin & Manufacturing Co

aisle! ts, Yariv B84 a7 TOE OLS le Ime 6/59 ONS: © 68 eee ey

o 6b Bie che 6 6 5) sete fe kis elle alle ce es ud ely im & et! 0-8) 0 @ 6 @ CO) auereL bl es b's a) level:é: whe

esi 6 A Slew © a eee 8c 6 oe

Monticello Ice Co

Bt HPO (OSs tel ete eC Wate ales ssa, (Spetete s a Ce. 6's

oak Pe we-(e, 6 o/s) ae ue

A. A. York Masons of U.S

OT 6/'a 0: "a le) a) ew Sh Se Ww 18/6) ee. 8) &

McDonald (Sam) Grocery Co & C

Sie 2.0 ele en ew Cee. © uw le) wee le a we ee ee &

iMérchantsiGrocemnCorsian.. Atsctoht ae aie tucked oats

a wie Oye 2) 6 (6) oe) 6 1a) 620s me eo © oe) ss

en 6 Fo N06 peters 0 6 6 8 8, 6 6 eb 6) ee 2 8

Se ee 2 6 sa 4) eb oe 6 6 ©

Little Rock. Little Rock. Hot Springs

Hot Springs.

Mena.

Clarksville. Clarksville. Jonesboro. Newport. Pine Bluff. Pine Bluff. Jonesboro. Swifton. Paragould. Jonesboro. Little Rock. Jonesboro. Pine Bluff.

Fort Smith. Center Point. Center Point. Booneville. Yellville. Little Rock, Pine Bluff. Little Rock. Kedron. Knoxville. Kerlin.

Little Rock.

Little Rock. Kingsland. Pine Bluff. Hot Springs. Lonoke. Lake City. Lake City. Fort Smith. Fordyce. Stamps. Ashdown. Little Rock. Little Rock. Lake City. New Lewisville. Euclid. Little Rock. Silica.

Paris.

Little Rock. Little Rock. Lake City. Luxora. Little Rock. Piggott.

Monticello.

Monte Ne. Little Rock. New Rocky Comfort. Searcy. Monette. Hot Springs. Prescott.

ao

List Of All Corporations,

- Except Railroads, Organized in this State from October 1, 1900, to October 1,

Date of Filing.

May 2,1901 May 3, 1901... May 24, 1901 May 29, 1901... May 30, 1901... June5, 1901 ... June 8,1901 .. June 14,1901 .:

June 15, 1901

July 24, 1901

Aug. 12, 1901

Sept. 3, 1901 .

Sept. 4, 1901 .

Sept. 12, 1901... /] Sept. 19,1901 . Sept. 30, 1901 .. Oct S190 Lee Octes, A901 wa. Dec. 4,1901 Dechl6 LIOL se. Jan. 11, 1902 .. Feb: 20, 1902. . Feb. 28, 1902... March 26, 1902 April 8,1902 .. April 8,1902... May 1, 1902 May 3, 1902... . May 9, 1902 May 9, 1902... . May 17, 1902.. May 21, 1902... May 26, 1902... May 31, 1902 ..|McCormick (L. C.) Mill & E.:evator Co

June 11, 1902 June 23, 1902

July 15, 1902... . July 19, 1902... July 26, 1902.. Aug. 7,1902 . Aug. 8,1902 Sept. 4, 1902.

Sept. 5, 1902

Sept. 15, 1902 . Sept. 18,1902 ..

Nov. 9,1900 ... Dec. 26,1900... March 14, 1901. May 17, 1901 Junel1,1901 ...

June 11, 1901

June 25,1901 ..

Aug. 29, 1901

Sept. 20;1901.. Sept. 26,1901 .. May 9, 1902... June 2, 1902 . Aug. 6,1902 .

April 6, 1901 .

April 13,1901 ..

April 13, 1901

May 3, 190s Oct. 28, 1901 .. Feb. 24, 1902. . Febe2o, 2902.05 June 21,1902 .. July 31, 1902...

Aug. 8, 1902 .

Sept. 20, 1902 ..

1902.—Continued.

SS 10.6%.) eee a) ee

Name of Corporation. Location. Marshall Banko oie scccs ick Meuse rete Rie tel eee Marshall. Montreal Coal: Com tatyices sot. Ge cee ee Fort Smith. ManstieldiOilé& Gas Coie. cele ene ene Mansfield. . |Malvern Savings & Loan Association Malvern. wiMorraiton Cotton Oil Comte see tae ea eee eee Morrilton. Merchants Gelantersibanicn saci on eee Texarkana. "i Morris Wihite Lime Cons 2 62s aaties bree oer eee Gravett. Musical Topics Coie varus strec cita cit eee one rene Little Rock. a. (Markle Mining Conn.) 7.ee. hens ecieaiee Li ee eee Harrison. Merchants, Lee: Com, 25sec erie eae oe Little Rock. Merchants & Parmers, Bamlci.) is a ae ieee New Lewisville. Hardware ComtacAnc ae eee et ee Bentonville. SiMountain Park, Wand! Co.0 wes are aan eet aie rete all bel soe ete ee Merchants Bankjof Mansfield) so, ase oe Eee ei Mansfield. . |Mansfield Lumber & MercantileCo Mansfield. Malvern Mineral Mining (Co i eee nee ere ee Malvern. ho iMayneld-Dun sc ae eee eee Clarendon. Murdock: CottoniGo ae cases, ice eee ae ene ee Newport. Midway Lownsite Coxe ipeauntioee ce iene Paragould. Miss: Valley Construction Conair Little Rock il Mashburn' (MMi) Coram 4 co erin te tae eee eee Little Rock. *||Mereantiley UC rustiCoratacascumeae ee ne ee Little Rock. Moon-Pryorlumber.€om. nie) see te ee Morris' Ferry. Myer (The). Pollock Co..22 /) 145. Je See e eee Little Rock. .|Maytield=-Dun'Gas & Oil Co Ain) eee Se eee Clarendon. Monumental & CutStoneCom a1: se ee ae eee Fort Smith. Mechanics. number, Con. oo ss eis ere eens +) ee Little Rock. JiMarmaduke Gin.Coe -at.m.. ve cle enee te ee e e Marmaduke. ai Mobbs (FE. J.) & Co teas ail teen Lae Hot Springs. "i Morris'(R:, Gs) Drug Cols .ct sre ee at Se ee Hot Springs. ) a Monticello Cordage Malls: ee 0-1 ee cee Monticello. uiMazzard Coal a) Mining Co. see ee Renee +.) Port omiitine Marauette Timber Cos ane a ae Ce tee eee Little Rock. Miss. County, Vand: & Inves) sent Commie. aneweeecn Osceola.

Prairie Grove.

Marvell Gin: Co. tat 4 eee ee he eee Marvell. Matthews (The) Gin Co: 4... 0, 0) ct eae Deeb Jonesboro. Magnolia (Lhe) Oil & Fertilizer Colt ean eee eee Magnolia.

a Monticello Canning Co vec) csi ens fern caren eee Monticello.

Marianna Bi& Le -Associationse ice aie menii ie le Marianna. Manila Bank.ss ice cine Oi to eo ed eee Manila. Merchants (The) Transporation Co Searcy.

Al Missouri PacificiOil Cosmane. .e mie Gee Harrison.

.|Middlefork (The) Mining & Development Co Mountain Home. Merchants (Dhe) Planters Banics san eee eee England. North-ArkansastaA bsttecgvitse. ca) Sere ee ere ee ee Yellville. News Printing Cots acre one eet Seni ae ree Mena.

New Century, Mining, Contac eee ees eee ee Smithville. North Arkansas Oil & Development Co.. Harrison. Nakdimen, Manutacturing Coupe mania secu Fort Smith. SeiNew port OisProspecting Co. some 4 eee eee Newport. NewYork co ArkansasuOili Core acne ee aetaie eeee Mena.

ui Newton Zane &fanberCossen cee eee eae Hope. National' Specialistsxaer) var occ one cece ko ee ees Little Rock. North Hot Springs Building & Land Co Hot Springs.

"NationalvArt.c Pub: Comer fase erin. eenkeee rere Little Rock.

i North Ankansas, Mining, Comes ieee sere ee eee ee Helena.

.|Newton Land & Improvement Co Little Rock.

\Oakleat: MillyGov geen. ts o cahraiet one sac eee eee eerie Stroud.

Ong Chair Coc Bante cirks eure p eben + aes Lark eeconeate Little Rock. .. |Osceola Mercantile Club Building Co Osceola.

(Ozark Uphitt Zine) Lead & Copper Gown: a: selon Harrison.

.|Omaha Mining & Development Co Omaha.

A Osceola Hard wareiCo iaete ae ce eee ee eee Osceola. Ozark Mercantile Con. aeteeneencen tite iene ee ee ee Prairie Grove. Ozark Angora Stock Cog c.cc.- se pee ee iene See Eureka Springs

"Osceola (lhe) Comipress:\ Co: 1-1 tie et ent ee Osceola.

"Ozark: Dry Goods Coy i. ood. Le Aamonen een Eee Ozark. Ohio-Southwestern Lumber Co v1 lobe Lreaneise

—263—

List Of All Corporations,

Except Railroads, Organized in this State from October 1, 1900, to October 1,

1902.—Continued.

Date of Filing. Name of Corporation. Location. OCH eoL oO nears O10) (tlt Wis) Ces Cone: ea. rch onepattaccie's crated altri Little Rock. DecatQwouo man bishops (le ii.) LumberCoksnitase ace he Sane a ae St. Paul. Nat Ueeenee tr lonters bani) [0 ... Wold wis ke v's Vole Gass dea es Nashville. Janene omen err yuvlercantile CO. ois... sighs oak bisrelepel sus, ate ele les te Perry. Bepecwt oO lemon EP rescottiMilling & Gin Cory. oc nc wer eale cid eclesie oe Prescott. April de co0lmene| bitzele Mercantile: Cols. siiiine soe clears Greets oe 2 Pocahontas. April 23, 1901 .. |Peck a byaeVehbovect Oey hy Sabatier bat hockey Ur es Ee erate sre) Magazine. March 16, 1901 . [2aKegezoserd Lybbeul ofr Oey) Lah) 5 as a orice Mm Glas A deaiecons Hie ated Piggott. May 29, Ronee Precentt Oil Co.) fiekul cikaci ie bons ieee es Prescott. July 9, 1901... .. |Pulaski Investment & WA ViITIOS CO meen ie ae eters ee Little Rock. Aor oe serene elo, Kwok Zine & Lead Co vc tme soc seme tne catnres Dodd City. Septecomeoulm ey Prescott: Murniture.COmas . dalatae sis co akin tone nen Prescott. Deore OOlAee Peoples Light & Power Co ois. cs. a cle cit) canes clare Jonesboro, Deer LOWLUOlee ae nillips dc Ferguson, Ageticy,.. .. 0.0.6.5. + soon dene Newport. area LUO Oinsett Mercantile Con) iii 6 ui ahs cule oo eitisteds wt eae Harrisburg. Benaiieel GOAakvan Pine Valleyiisdimber' Cos uaata cites eis cele wih e ce as Texarkana Feb. 19, 1902... |Pritchard-Neimeyer Lumber Co Little Rock. Feb. 27. OOD Portia imber Coc elcicteedeleias se coe cen aea es rane Joneboro. Hepacowlgu2 weet Pine Blut Lumberdc: Box Copisiassuwean one os sn eee Pine Bluff. March 3, HOO Zeon Peacock: Goal Coie aes ae, il ls eee neice eae Fort Smith. March a; 1902:..| Palace Bath House Co... oc links cs dss cde nuevas Eureka Springs. March 5, oO Zhe Paszele: (SNa) Os COM mnmen stems a1. tated char ope tecene Walnut Ridge. MeascmLoetoue: wenoenix Lumber Co) ica. ss chdebow seca ca oh Horatio. MarchslomrO02e Parish raiding Co. too. rie cote eo en det At eh eis Paris: March 14, 1902 . |Patrick (W. H.) Lumber & Manufacturing Cone Ola. Maree a lOUZmeun Pine Blutt Hurniture: Col, athe oe eslevciele sles tik Pine Bluff ATL OU 2m PATSONS CLne Mining COlAb cits ehl sien ete os aie bias Harrison. ADO 2n en atagould.(bhe) Investment Cos... 1. ace. seas Paragould. April (3 OW Aeate EeCOple Satlaott atrsSOn sai. ch acnebceer emcee Rachel ce Harrison. oat SeeLoOZeee dl lantern Oil Mill aeewemn: Mian tee ee. otee. ta ea tate tec tateca's Morrilton. April 9, LOO Oage-Dousherty. Con. tae se baecleatt os cee on Watson. AOE eee lOUer rs Puritan Maning se Milling CO) S..o swiss steals wees Yellville. RAVES eL Oeste CODES BATIK) re oahu a ecioiy oe dlastmacdhomt ot esas Magnolia. MayalonloUZee rt Pocahontasotatersank) on ms eetdes owe ean deine Pocahontas. iiiveloO who OZ noenim (Lh Comat o. wai. cas caine crcels © Harrison. AtonOn louse batis oemi-Anthracite coal Co. cue. sees -es.oe Fort Smith. Depew ziaaeeowell Mercantile Com eiare acme che olen de oe van Roe. Dept vO nee eine City Bedding Colca actin eos ee dete clan cnolais etal Pine Bluff. Sept. 13, 1902 .. Plunkett-Jarrell-McRae Grocer Co Hope.

Sen Lauernw i ernie's savings Bank 2. Sk oo a 8 vk Little Rock. Sept. 20, NOO2 meme tescott ui Det CON ara in tet erat roca eee me CON Prescott. Augie v0... i Omgiey (Ri Mi) Construction' Co' ti.) on. a Mena.

Sept. 27, 1902 .. Queen Bee (The) Mining & Milling Co Gillham. are OOM men IN eGtor le caltyCOoman pales 5 vic caetclald sted a senile tle Rector.

Jan. 4, 1901 |Rosenbaum (C. E.) Machinery Co Little Rock.

June 27,1901 . Oct. 25, 1901 ..

Nov. 30, 1901 Dec. 6,1901..

Feb. 28, 1902. May 12, 1902...

Oct. 8; 1900.9

Dec. 11, 1900... Dec. 13, 1900...

Jan: 1, TOOT).

Feb. 21, 1901..

March 4, 1901 . April 5, 1901 .

. |Rosenburg Mercantile Co Oct. 14,1901... .|Ruby (The) Mills Nov. 22,1901... ..|Republican Publishing Co

.. |Rogers & Meiser Handle Co Dec. 10,1901... .|Red River Navigation Co March 15, 1902 . . |Rogers White Lime Co May 15, 1902..:- Aug. 8,1902 ... Aug. 15,1902 .. Aug. 23,1902 ..

.. |Stevenson Coal & Iron Co May 14, 1901-5, i May 20, 1901

Rassell Stone Caw fe aes ie Lee liga Reeves Undertaker Co-,..- 1. ses eescdekenh deenss RieDle Re COMM ee eke cea Ot Russellville Wholesale Grocery Co eee ame UcaN

Oe CC ee © Ve 6 he ee

nodes: avert yc. |acksoit CO uma ese ei eden FLEES Ure OCerat ne ALCe GOs. wee ere ace Neen) meee s Red Gum Lumber Co

Southwestern Slate & Manufacturing Co ! . |St. Louis & North Arkansas Mining Co. . Southwestern Equipment Co POLALIE OLLOT Ys COMM aera fer aca, A ey Ae Gln March 28, 1901 :

Smee Ope eo egee: ©

Shariiimic bop. Merontiene Coen bc ia bec stk ete ae

Calpe: iene Maat oi ope aifelis b¢ Syiay ie wie) 8) 6

CCC ee O66

New Lewisville. Russell. Smithville. Texarkana. Little Rock. Paragould. Little Rock. Texarkana. Russellville. Rogers. Little Rock. Little Rock. Texarkana. Little Rock.

Little Rock. Hot Springs. Mena. Harrison. Jonesboro. Benton. Walnut Ridge. Waldron.

Fort Smith. Paragould.

—264—

List Of All Corporations,

Except Railroads, Organized in this State from October 1, 1900, to October 1,

Date of Filing.

1902.—Continued.

Name of Corporation.

May 22, 1901 July 1, 1901... July 3 p190l July 25,1901... .

Sept. 20,1901 ..

Oct. 3, 1901 .

Nov. 2, 1901 .. Nov. 7, 1901 .

Nov. 9,1901 ... Nov. 22,1901 .

Dec. 10,1901... Dec. 25,1901... Jan. towLo02es

Jan. 17;:1902°. Jan. 24, 1902

Aug. 25, 1902 Nov. 28, 1900 .

jan. 31,1901. June 3,1901 . June 11, 1901

July 5, 1902...

Feb. 2, 1901. April 32, 1901

Jan. 18, 1902 . Jan. 26, 1902 .

Jan, 23, 1901 ©. Oct. 19,1901 .

April 12, 1902 . April 12,1902 . Sept. 27, 1902 .

Oct. 22,1900... Nov. 15,1900 .. Octss719000 es.

.|State Bank of Gentry ../Spadra Mercantile & Mining Co ...|Scott County Lumber Co Feb. 3, 1902 March 12, 1902. March 17, 1902 . March 20, 1902 . March 20, 1902. March 27, 1902 . April 8, 1902 .. April 17, 1902 .. May 20, 1902 May 27, 1902 May 28, 1902 June 4,1902 ... June 7,1902 .. June 13,1902 .. June 11,1902... June 23, 1902 ... Aug. 15,1902 .. . .|Salem & Eastern Railroad Co. (Electric)

.|Star City Telephone Co

.|Spears Milling Co

Verret (The) Shaft Engine Co Valley Coal & Mining Co fe OOO 2m

arch 26, 1902 .

Security Matual Insurance Coys. tee ee .|Stuttgart Oil & Development Co Surrey Oil & Development Co) j0..442. 0005 eew star (lhe) Antimony. Co. 2k oat he nope a eerie ate Smith. (Joe Wed Coss waists 2 cae taersbatet oo Aan ena a

€.0, oe go' es. wikw felts 2 erie

m, uisisic (bbe) WMining Coy ac ee A GTAee LSI ae cee Oct; 163090 Ie .|Star Amusement Co

Speilerville Mercantile Co

(0. 0 0.078) 04.8 (G8 ie 8) vie sg 6 we) ener es ®

C4 re 6 6 6 8 wie @ ele ere) 0 Vis © ee le bis wae

St. Louis & North Arkansas Com. Co St. Louis Sunlight Co Searcy, Mill. Cole ok cere aro Batic: eres ace ae omen ee Sumpter Land & Improvement Co Smith Bros. & Co

vti'e fe: ete eta ter a, ei cep,

O 6, (8; Oe a,' al le 06) 6, 'e) Boece oe ey, Aye) elie: oy alle, Se ewe, oe afe €. 6 0) & Sere bie were 6.6 Ones o1e one © 8) 6 ae te bye! Sie! 16 tee! wie. 6) Bite

eS who will sts 6 Jew el ple io, © 8 wtete @ wis

Southern Lumber'Co. (oso. ease eer aeeae

Sebastian Asphalt & Mining Co StuPrancis;shinoleiComss oma ae is erties (Standard Lumber Coe. . 2.25 tie aie meee eae Simpson, Webb & Cornish Furniture Co

© (elie: Ve 6 gree, we) oe wee S

Sylamorelie'Company a. cc cee eee Sachs Brick i&lile Conseuase es ana te ee ee ee St. Louis & Ark. Lumber & Manufacturing Co Sellmeyer Mercantile Co State Bank

eleore ee Oe 0 0 66) Ohi elie 08 eo bt) we ww le 0" Oe se 00! @ hg Oe ete 6 et elle a 6.656, eo whey eo of WO Seem tata es Ieee

Siloam Springs Cold Storage & Ice Co. Stamps Construction Co Shipley. (H3%:,) Conv. cd eile sueneteeh mere ease ae eee Southwestern Broom Manufacturing Co

©: BU 6'e o'er e te) are

6 Pee. 6 dred bo (06, oew ete gs © a ee

© 'ale ere, w) 6 wore

Thompson Lith. & Print. Covi. amines oe Deer se LVOO ne. Dec. 4,1900 Jan. 24,1901... .|Texarkana Publishing Co

Tyronza Land & Lumber Co Taylor'Gin:Compress' Co tannin ee eee Mitsworth: Blair Cowes seneeen hae ee ence ere eee te

oe dl ve! herp 606s lm! we, 6 be nel le: e:

ais) ee le. le

6: 20) ee lore, 6 (0, el 15.8 eb a; @) 0) 6 (oie cs

wiitexarkana, Development Co. oy an sae ene PAL Ownes (CaM) aVishl asso ene ee rene nn en ily, Syl SOs

uly 25, 1901

ec. 25,1901... Jan. 20,1902... Feb. 17, 1902... Feb. 24, 1902... Feb. 15,1902... May 2, 1902 June 24,1902 .. ../Tillar Oil Mill Sept. 16, 1902...

..|United Salt & Soda Mining Co Utility Garment Co Sept. 19,1901 ..

Twentieth Century Prospecting & Mining Co Texarkana Brick'Co ame tie eee Twentieth Century Granite Works Thompson Hailey Coca tea: ct ee ee ee Traveling Stereopticon Advertising Co 'Lerpening Brick & Tile Co™ 2. Phe oy ee Thomas-Fordyce Manufacturing Co 'Thomas'Gin-Comipress Cova see cae ae ee Tiemakers of America

ONCE) alo ab! a) aa teh eye oe Net ieloe eele ae ns ee

Oy Bet ee eG 6.0 "eg eR ws 6). O eee) ©) wl eligi ee er are ene ale) ta tw

Union Coali Comtas <eetaat tee aueee Treen tenets hn

pice' al Ag Bi Bi é Je BP ote 66.18 eee 5 S, Texe 16 9 & er 8tS!

SR Fla) Yee Pp eye et we eG) Aitet me bh ee) at le ly we

Valley Catering Cos sy. pavaiiieein areca ne terete Valley Button Cosas Genie ack fae eee Voss-Barbee Manufacturing Co se.0 eae ele 31 Voss-Nichol Covel pein. se Pine arty wi one

Oo Pyb eo, Ass Cis pyr ele) ere) Bene:

Watrior CoaliGorl in: 2c smiicnsaeheeecie eter aie ee eine iene Woodruff County Bank Weaver (C. H.) Co

0) (0 le. oa eters ale te fate arate, Se we ele doe

Om a) ae 0 6 eS 8 a ye 9 ee Orb! Several @ Olu 16 PE 8

Location.

Little Rock. Stuttgart. Texarkana. Gillham. Pine Bluff. Newark. Speilerville. Hamburg. Harrison, Arkadelphia. Searcy.

Hot Springs. Stephens. Gentry City.

Warren. Lake City. Fort Smith.

Newport. Jonesboro. Arkansas City. Knobel.

Little Rock. Yardell.

Siloam Springs. Shae

ay. Fort Smith. Salem.

Little Rock. Marked Tree. Little Rock. Paris. Texarkana. Texarkana. Little Rock. Fayetteville. Texarkana. Little Rock.

Prairie Grove. Little Rock. Little Rock. Ashdown. Tillar. Texarkana.

Little Rock. Siloam Springs. Paris.

Little Rock.

El Dorado.

Little Rock. Hartford.

Little Rock. Pine Bluff. Vanndale.

Texarkana. Augusta. Hot Springs.

—265—

List Of All Corporations,

Except Railroads, Organized in this State from October 1, 1900, to October 1,

Date of Filing.

-1902.—Concluded.

Name of Corporaticn.

Location.

Feb. 21,1901... Aprillle Loo iie. May 27, 1901 fare 19,1901 ..

uly 15, 1901 July 20,1901... .

Nov. 30,1901 . Dec. 4,1901..

Dec. 4, 1901... Dec. 13,1901...

Dec. 28,1901... Wanye bo02: oc:

ee 15,1902... 'eb. 12, 1902.

March 25, 190

April 8, 1902 .

April 18, 1902

Be

oe

May 15, 1902

June 4,1902 .

June 7, 1902

..|Webber-Ayers Hardware Co ... ...|Wood Lawn Cemetery Association

June 14,1902 ..

July 19, 1902...

Aug. 4,1902 ...

Aug. 15,1902 .

Sept. 4, 1902...

July 25, 1901..

Jan. 16, 1902

June 28, 1902 . a" & 7a

Jan. 16,1902

Wilson Water & Electric Co Warren Stave Co .|White River (The) Mercantile Co

.|Weil (Charles) Co

.|Wynne Furniture Manufacturing Co .|Wishon Realty Co Yellville Electric Light & Power Co

Bay ell: County, Daria alee ie ches SISTER SiMe ne etd Young Men's Building & Loan Association

Wilson Brossdéesmutnt iniaccecee e eeitee eee Walnuteiilylelenphone Conroe care nite tele tte cde tioee Wroodrite County-F air: Association sauna neces WEINES. GV AUC COr coer ee ainer te eee ene naieett Waldron Lumber Co White River Grocer Co

SAS) ® wee le lee, 0) 0),0\ 6 6, 6 6166) 3) é ona 6 6 ele Cie <ETOT DS Ue. [ere Ghbiaiehe eh vale) ke OF FPh C19 S 0 AeS Te Ke Le € 6 Pe 6) (6 ene le we Ws A Fe Giyhe Kem ee 8 eo Ware 4 @ © 0,0) 0. 6

fe 8 One cere, sep te eho ere

Weeden (A. M.) & Co Warren Bank Wooten-Agee Co

ane we ave. Cie Whe wile 406) wv ydl-s & fete ar 0) 0 Here 6 Cite We] @ Me) Ieee aw \ovele, @).6 @) a) GL aPe.6 wo siete wise, 6 el) SPOT aNe 16) &.N6ke, eue: (67% Toe BP oN tetn eve 6) a 'el wet (ela

OC AG eee (eer 8) eB ee Old) bore 8) Je 6 a Ae eNe 68 (el 0 Se

White River Realty Co Wynne Stave Co Wynne (The) Hoop & Cooperage Co Wolff-Goldman Realty Co Wolt-MeGrath! Dry.Goods: Coan. lai eeie ee

6 050 Wge./q lia 0. ee 68 )e bs a) eh elie aa e( 6 ie @ OC) e ie ale 6 ae A eLfate tlie Ke Cele e ernie whe miele © ate 16 fe aa ae! fe Vee he weynane

AW ilmnik Pearle Rae eit picasso oles ace ogre es Worthen (Wai) Co sc neues Ae eae Way

Washington County Abstract & Guaranty Co

Ore 4! stat ee) ereire o hel 0 6 ead ie eres

Zara Zinc Mining Co

Diels ee She bee lecwile ees 66 ee @ @ a! lee he

Texarkana.

Walnut Hill

Waldron. Batesville. Arkadelphia. Warren.

De Vall's Bluff.

Warren. Helena. Pine Bluff.

Mountain Home.

Wynne. Wynne. Newport. Little Rock. Fort Smith. Texarkana. Wilmot. Wynne. Little Rock. Newport. Fayetteville.

Yellville. Danville. Jonesboro.

Harrison.

—266—

List Of All Corporations,

Except Railroads, Organized in this State from October 1, 1902, to October 1,

Date of Filing.

Oct. 6.4902". Novi3219020ea- Decwa GOD seer

Nov. 15, 1902

Nov. 15, 1902 .. Dec. 27, 1902... Jan. 2,1 90322, Jan, 21 90S¥eee4 Feb. 2, 1903.-. .. Feb. 4,1903 Feb. 12,1903... Feb. 25, 1903...

Feb. 12,1903;

Febed219030e0 Feb. 24, 1903... March 6, 1903 ..

March 9, 1903

March 12, 1903 . March 14, 1903 . March 30, 1903 . March 31, 1903 . May 14, 1903 June 8,1903 ...

June 22, 1903

June 29, 1903 ..

June 30, 1903 .

July 20, 1903 Aug. 18,1903 .. Sept. 3,1908 ... Sept. 15, 1903 .. Sept. 24,1903 .. Sept. 21,1903 .. Sept, 21, 1903.. Sept. 24, 1903 . . Octo J0ameer Oct. 24,1903 ... Dece281903". 5 Jan. 14,1904... Jan. 18,1904... Jan. 25,1904...

Feb. 24, 1904

March 8, 1904 .. April 16,1904 .. April 21, 1904 ..

April 30, 1904 .

May 2, 1904... .. May 7, 1904 May 27, 1904... .

May 28, 1904...

Junel1,1904 ... June 6,1904 ...

June 7, 1904 ..

June 8,1904 ... July 5,1904 July 11, 1904 July 20, 1904... .

Aug. 5, 1904 . Oct. 10, 1902 ..

Oct. 14, 1902 ... Oct. 25, 1902 ...

Oct. 22, 1902 . Oct. 28, 1902

Oct. 30, 1902 ...

Nov. 8, 1902 .. Nov. 20, 1902

Dec. 8, 1902 Dec. 30, 1902... Jan. 5,1903 .,.. Janes, 19034 ser Jane 6" t903 2.

1904.—Continued.

Name of Corporation. Location. ArkansasiGasiCo.< £8 8, ascii aise cin eee ee Little Rock. Augusta.Coili Hoop' Col. a5 eee on eee Augusta. Arkansas Bank PristiConee iam eee ioe Newport.

vaAmerican Crust Cou s.,s cc: c inicio enter eats Texarkana. Arkansas Valley Real Estate Co vane ee ee cea Pine Bluff. Atkins RealiMstate Conc). 2 ae uae be aera Atkins. Anderson Grocer Cony oa ciate eae ee ee eee Newport Augusta Hardware & Furniture;Coi.in sn te seie ee Augusta. American, Cinder Hopper Cornus ee eee ee Little Rock. Arkansas Anthracite Association +.e0- Little Rock. Arkarisas: Draction Cou het ces cee ee eee Alexander & Sons Land & Timber Co Fort Smith.

SA vera (J. (Hard ware Come are cei eee ere Pocahontas. Arkansas: 5 fen inet Little Rock. Arkansas Zinc & ead Mining Co ssa. eee ne Dodd City. Archillion Plantatiom Coupes ee een ee a eee Archillion. Apple Hat:.@o. 2c, io nae ee eee en terre Fort Smith. Arkansas Goal. Cowes... seh re ee ee ee Clarksville. Arkansas Cold Storage IceiConnei se ae aera Fayetteville. Augusta Ice & Manufacturing Co Augusta. Arkansas Lumber & Contractors' Supply Co Hot Springs. Arkansas Automonbile'Covae anes oe ene Little Rock. Arkansas Union Garment Coin seater Clarendon.

ealAugusta Pearl button Co... oe eee ee Augusta. Allen & Lacey Co:2 lene B35 she Sorcerer Wilmot. Arkansas Stateh alceeeen 5 eee Rogers. Arkenosha Spoke Coma + ee eae ope. American Insurance Co. of Little Rock. Little Rock. Archer-Foster en anemia Fort Smith. Arkansas Development Col .o 3. 2c oso eee Yellville. Asten-Rogen Mining Co 52... 0 o hale eee Paragould. Acme Spring Bed & Mattress: Co. 2 ue eee Fort Smith. Arkansas Granite) brick Comes ieee eee Fort Smith. ArkansasiConterence Collesexqus iti enter eee Siloam Springs. Arnold Grocery Cou a) oi eee ee eee Hope. Allen Grocer Cowes eucesion ee One ee Brinkley Atkansas Land Como. so ene ee eee Newport. Arkansas'(Dhe) Drug Co... ee eee El Dorado. Arkansas Telephone: Com. ee eee eee Dardanelle. AvardiLlownCosea een ee Ree ART Mere hm chet Fayetteville.

Altus-Dennine, Publishing Con. aer ue te meres Altus.

Alpha: Minitie Conte ee ee Ee eee ee Williford. Advance Realty Investment Co e+e00- Hot Springs. Air Line Ois& Gas Coss. eigen Cee eee eee Paragould. Amis' & Harris Mercantile Cov) gee eee Fordyce. American Batxite:Co c.f eee oe Little Rock. Arkadel phiavRoller:Mills as eee eee eee Arkadelphia. Arkansas Valley Goal'Co.s-3) cm ere eee eee Fort Smith.

SlArkansas:Grocer Comssser a. cece ee eee Blytheville. Arkansas Brown Coal Cor aetna Rien ete Little Rock. Automatic:stlomeLelephone Cosen oe eee see Jonesboro.

nltAmerican. (Lhe pelandie Comte: atta, eens eran ee ee Jonesboro. Arkansas Stave Cove wie... cont cs cenit pe ame eee Jonesboro. Arkansash xplora clon Wor wen mere i tsi ete ereicie aetna Mena. AmericaniLand corLimben CO meer inate ane Dermott. Albal imei Co ve es eerie sicnote chee trate ne ae eae ae Farrington. Altus Gin Manufacturing & Improvement Co Altus.

Batavia Eruit Commie aero eee Harrison. Bank of Lockésbure sear eu ciar itera ee Lockesburg. Bank. of-Risotipirs tenia Bie eee ae ee Rison.

pank of Beardentnce: cciincdn ce eee at ee Bearden. Bankiof Forrest (City. acorns 2 oe ee eee ee Forrest City. Bartonscumiber ccbiick Cowes ee a ea ene Jonesboro.

Dankotelbuckermanii se. oct iok ty caren nero eae Tuckerman.

"Batesville: Fruit: Comtmmawiaie. cooler ee Batesville. Bodeaw Bank svete iene ano etn iC roee ee Stamps.

Bell. (J..KS) Cosnke sas has EAS ieure ere ee eee Benton. Bantsot Marked freemen creer reise eee eee Marked Tree. Bankiot: Marvellay ec, specu eres Marvell. Brown Lumber Cote. an. soe tite enero eae Paragould.

—267—

List Of All Corporations,

Except Railroads, Organized in this State from October 1, 1902, to October 1,

1904.—Continued.

Date ot Filing. Name of Corporation. Location. atieree Os erd Db ank-Or Drinkleyme cc sot te sees is ANTAL ce ott baetals Brinkley. Jan. 22,1903 .. . |Blytheville Foundry & Machine Co. Blytheville. Meum stoOGume. bald Knob relepnone Cols. ace. ono bs oe Bald Knob. Hepoaplods. es barnett, Bros. Mercantile Col... 0 cenlslstalcle were cele Batesville. Hemel ar toOsrar bank Gr Marlen ine: cc tlcs © beaten rae Aiea aie lense Sada aalale Earle.

Heo Lon CUS HM. DankcOL FlartrOrd.) saves oie se hicks abe tnede: .Pamyeitbneiatels Hartford. Hen OMLOOS ee Danco Magazine .erase hones cee hoht wetees Magazine ie erie oOo eet Db anksuCA We) SC: COMM adc gud a tote Csteacrd ove Peeteln of eeu le eial'e Fordyce Heim One Dain bas)! GO. Ween ae comic Yee a a cartwalae Portland. Heer LOU. ana! DAKEE TOS ay iterate eacierer eleians o Ok vance id ip search aCe Stamps. Hehesomovo mea page Grocer Coma. ch. fase Galea s aiehopebn ve Retire eae ess Little Rock. March 2, 1903 .. Bollinger Lumber & Cooperage Co Bay Spur. Matenpie eloUse lb atk of HollyGrovena sir ote silts cine ois 3 danionee Holly Grove. March 18, 1903. |Blakley-Brown Mercantile Co 2- Prescott. March |621903"brools-Ozan Mercantile Co... 2205 oo eu eb oes Prescott. Marchal Ow 00aetbanic of Lincoln!®., $2 ),bee a acrebone ea perl aah so bceonsloeiass Lincoln. Manonombolor rb atic Ot Cabotas meets aces ae cht Sater oreo aL cee iess Cabot. Marcimiae muse batesville Packet Col 2) osc c ste iba statins Bleue oo ealisteie Batesville. MarchiOe lt o0o| bailey 2. ; aan hits tae nee ee lames Newport Meare debOOs eno ammo OL Metining..) fal 6c ee eee ae eres Denning. March 30, 1903 . |Batesville Ice & Cold Storage Co Batesville. priate OOo raee D atule OLEEL ORIG: ye ot ee cones Ghee aera Rone tose abe Hoxie.

DTN Dank OL Lamar due el sini aie ead aie Sete a elalinws Pows ntes Lamar. ADL OM UOT Db atrioon Manila ci tcscrit dS onTe ie see can chetiionde manne Manila. Tri (el OOS Date omVann dale atte yn) ae eauN once geal eo ensal are Vanndale. May De LOS meet Danko mOZarliee eee othe tana oke. A AeeIog ok Baaos Ozan. Mavaljudolseera| Dbecbe loum pen COrsaw an Str eee loin send Oakes Beebe.

May Zo oOo Datlic Ob ellvilleles? o4.. clocielh oe cetiicie siete Mae che orahe Yellville. Manzo Salo OGmer 1s CALINOIT COMERS any wots eo elo haa date ate iit ictelvawerrets Wilmar. Une Gomer amc OL IM CELrory: yaa vols were a cane a elk a enaeens eel eo ho we McCrory. une eno UowmeriSs ank OF CASaen tia. iladaei st miaeatesia hee want. areiareiy) Casa.

LINE LOUD MIMO Litt CityrOmCo tine rete ee Poe, of ate ORGS HEI lee Pine Bluff. Lune weoCom abate Of Brinkley, ss kee ctomied nists ie boost helt dhollibce (aie Brinkley. ine wueetoUome (Dank or Marmaduke. sas ap Sheds sous o cne ai aldialie! subistte Marmaduke. Hitlveelovomeyeibracy caoanders, Ching COre snc tick ies tbatereeladetee a eae Little Rock, Wiiverowm Ogee oankeop Mariana tc ehiek eiea. a eiwantiun clerietels Marianna. NaiiOeLOOS esl radley 1 mmicration Comedians ois cme ite site. ceasere Warren. oa QU emai bare or COmuctietie cere seis an dah obtains neta tne: es, ales ia Quitman. LOA LO Stapemt ES LAT COILS ATIC, ©). Sy fl slic! antl es cuativotts cbiaerche, Sanat tute canis De Valls Bluff. Sepia PLOW OR ere ESATO W VIMLG. shes eas afin oe Shay ented ty ie Pe bath fahveore Ba. os Wynne. Sep rece 0s Se DATIOOrOCEDHENS aa got oeretet firs og tuna iio lore Gaaeneht ts Stephens. epee Oar banic of CalicotRockss. alge. esc eccrn mn ereleke ae naa Calico Rock. Oct GO 1d03ee big Rock stone 6z.Construction Costin Ah) lee Little Rock. Octal I0ae black Diamond: Coall& Coke Coin. cea cite eistetils Godman. Ociromv0see si bank on oouth Arkansas erie ends: loketieteinn. cicero El Dorado. Octwl2a903ses el baxter County Banko den oat Bate eiee ene oe ie Cotter. Octa2onl0aee banner MantuiacturnovCo.. aie ome eee eases Oana ers Piggott. Octet lOO SEAM DATIaOL DISCS. bic suri hate tela aaa el eit eek Meee Biggers. Nowe sLoUae a Dltit, Cihy, Candy, bP ACtOLy sg 4 ohtaa cre mei oie one tela ts Pine Bluff. Decree OOS mereba tesyalle Grocer. Cokin tie cs ota os ieee Ph aveteshs RAISE) S Batesville. Dee Os 90s ae bam (ll. 1.) leaum beriGo ty. seine a wich cote Portland. WE eos weet ratinenr' Coal Cove, nese onda ee oe ce ak StI Branner. Jan. 6, 1904 |Burrow-Moose (The) Mercantile Co Morrilton. ewan Th We eh Nee halafey al Byehageky yen A EAs eee ae ore 2 eet eee Dumas. Janel21004 ex black Springs Mercantile COs seta io eee ee ehelche Black Springs. Van lon G04eee bie tale lumber' Coisns shades cll tthe tae aes oe Oe Manila.

Mebe hss G4 ee IB owdre: (A wie ite CO, eeeird olabain wie ice ceeele Aner eed ane Plummerville. MebnicetoOsseenioriuce Drow nNLercantile Coma. vente irbstsleliiee ears Piggott. Rebrilisent GOzM eae OfINEtELetONs 1c ciaete e ore ws eit caboose eeekeraenrns Nettleton. Rep. anos er ibanidofivake Village ge wT aL 0S Rie eels dene ctoees Lake Village. Bebe Zo misoceeee Dank Ol oitdopa oye) ca lk) cites, Cin adeelecstunsteleuel ous aie ns Eudora. Feb. 26, 190325. |Brickey (The G..E.) Mercantile Co . 05 e505 fb. ces Osceola. Marcia i904 ea B lack (lhe) Oale supply, Cosafa sc tie detects senda e oe Black Oak. March Wa oUsere Batesville tone Cons 42.00 eibi os: Ceti Riss ce tis ree cece Batesville. March L904 Bono Mercantile Con sain eis te malate Maat ate el: Bono. Marcha 1p 190045 iBivthevalle Brick & Tile Cou. vs. bene als a eae Blytheville. March Jo to04s lbracy Brose ard wareiCOs . aie ais cudiabl aii aioe) omrateae ak Little Rock. AnrilizaloUseam baniwotMelsentialims as se watae eine sinins teteine & ane Felsenthal. April 14, 1904 .. |Buford-Pace Mercantile Co .2.0ceue Mammoth Spring ATT Lela apo atl KOM Ean bine bor ps: sicvhulies oe clean iste tietewtes at the Huntington. April 27, 1904 5. Bellefonte (The) Canning Cow. so asses hale ak wre e's Bellefonte.

—268—

List Of All Corporations,

Except Railroads Organized in this State from October 1 1902, to October 1,

1904.—Continued.

Date of Filing. Name of Corporation. Location. April 29,°1904..3\ Bank of Fulton. . 70%(¢ sic cane cers ose Pee ts eee Fulton. May 491904.-)40)| Batesville Bottling. Com. 2 4a Gee lee eee Batesville. May 1l3"1004.2%3| Bank of Charleston... 2% ocd. eee eee Charleston. May 1751904.) 4 Bradley (The): Gin'Co, soo, Woes eRe eee Bradley. Beall-BlackNotion©o, sauces caine eee eee ee Fort Smith. June'6, 1904792 Bokoshe:Smokeless'Goal (Cor. sce ie aie aint Fort Smith. June 6) 1904. es +... s.eneieee eee Bentonville. Junerl6;, 1904-4 Brasher Dig Consens ait aioe <uuactere tte aoe ane nee Pine Bluff iJuly.o, L904 24s BanicomMidland ae a. ue. Coseoe che clenneene ieee Midland. July,13, 1904... .|Black & White River Transporation Co Julypl6A90L ee alBastrop: Uumber Come aes ieee keke acieoe eae Pine Bluff. July,25, 1904.) 47| Belleville Gin & Milling Cowie. s-ciee oe se ee Belleville. Aug, Syl904ae tl Banik of Commercess since ee ae ee Stuttgart. Aug; 9,. 19042721 Bank of Spadra +a. GeO eee ie ere oe Spadra. Aug: 10; 19044: IBankof Prescott... oucisans pina ane Prescott. Aug) 190475 Benson\(MUH.)- Dry, Goods'Com.o asia ee ee Little Rock. Avis 1651 904i yrd Glo.) Cotton Comms tea #55. Ciel Se eee Pine Bluff. Axio. 22519048 Bank of New din burgesses ann aac eine aren New Edinburg Aug, 26) 1904))| Buttalo Stone & Mumber'Co . seme cee eee Willcockson. Aug. 29, 1904:24 (Bell & Ogden Milling. Con... (<5 bes a ees Fayetteville. Sept. 9, 19044):,) Bank of Knobel s... 26) eee ee eee Knobel. Sept. 23, 1904 . .|Blockton (The): Gin' Co. 28 ocala ea eee Blockton. Sept. 24, 1904 ..|Benton County Development Co Bentonville. Sept. 24. 1904:aN Bentz: (The); Cox scat bo coe eae ee eo eee Hot Springs. Oct. 17, 1902:.;);Cabot & Lonoke Telephone Co.is 25.5% wea ae Cabot. Dec: 4,'1902, 40) (Columbia Light & Power Cow...) on ote ee Magnolia. Dees 1071902 4. Collier, Drugs Com seavcha aca ee chee ee ae eee Walnut Ridge. jan. 2, 1903) 8s) Citizens Banleia:s chico ereaiate ie eteneetnce a ee are Fordyce. Jan. 2, 1903 i'Cherokee Store: Coma cr dees ae eee ene Reyno Station. Jan. 3;1903 °.2).| Citizens. Hardware & Furniture €o 4... Jee seen Augusta. Jan~5; 1903 h aa0 Capital City Savings Bank gen sree: ere renee teers Little Rock. Jan. 19,1903... \Clarendon.Gin'& Oil Mill Co 2254.5 en en ie Clarendon. Jan. 20, 1903'9.-:/Clarendon, O12 Coli.c ae a. vec Bate aia ate Clarendon. jan 25; 19037 /7h Culberhouse Gin' Co Rant yas ete bene einer entrees Jonesboro.

eb. 4; 1903 Ai. aCitizens Bankig ust. sass) ee eee Pe ere ce Foreman. Feb. 14, 1903. ../Central Mining & Development Co ne a Atte Little Rock. Feb, 14;'1903;,.>\Cornie Timber Co... sid isis Sa eee Fordyce. Feber 2001903". Cleburne Co. Banik ic in ere egies ea Heberr' Feb, 23,1903 )4;,;|Columbia Cotton OiliCo 1). s rae sleptie oe treme Magnolia. Feb: 23, 1904, .'Crossatot Lumber Coa; tint clans opeare ciebanee ene (Not given) March 2, 1903: 53; Citizens Bank. .diss asec cestets a Renee eee re eee Corning. March 38,1903 _'|Citizens Tinning & Plumbing Cosson eae onesboro. March 4,)10034, (Clark (Chas.) & Cos) eo ee Taldo. March 10, 1903 .|Courier Printing Co.va a 22 oer teetene ene teins Pine Bluff. March 30, 1903) |Cotton Plant Oil Mill'Co:.f7. v0. cutie teen. © eee Cotton Plant. March 31, 1903 .|Citizens Bank & Trust Co 00 0c ee Arkadelphia. April 4,.1903 52, (Carlicle Dairy Cosi ivij- tii 'ctsiva.+ insite Pen eee Carlisle. April 7, 1903.54; |Commercial Bank 20.1 (see ete ees Nashville. April 15;:1908 (Capital Theatre Cov. cis. clan salon Little Rock, April 22, 1903 . .|Crittenden Co. Telephone & Telegraph Co Crawfordsville. April 27, 1903...1Clarendon Button:Co cise oe ays eels be ier a Clarendon. May. 2;:1903..0% 4ICity Realty Coie Ave ee Cais oat a eee Little Rock. June 3,1903 .../Chatfield & Burham Hardware Co Texarkana. June.6, 1903; 5 ,i Cache River Luniber.Cos Wa algae ae ee eaten Grays. June 22.1903 Cook (ALB) Land & umber Cova wee eee ee Little Rock. June:24/1903 s Cit Hall Goede ora ae eae ne es oe a ee Piggott. June 25,1903 0,.;\Citwens Bank Wh (0s. oa cae ee es oe ee Rector. July 6, 1903... ..|Carpenter (The) Investment Co Stuttgart. July 21, 1903... .|Campbell Graphite Lubricator Co 4.- Little Rock. July 23, 1903.2%. |Clarendon' Real-Estate Colo) .s sik). soe te ee eee Clarendon. Aug. 7, 1903... ,|Cane Hill Improvement Coi04 osey- 30 dae nbbninls Cane Hill. Aug. 21,1903 ..|/City Hardware Co Cau ceil ea ci bok Little Rock. Aug. 22,1903 . .|College Hill Light & TractionCo Texarkana, Aug. 29,1903 .|Clarksville Anthracite Coal'Co .2... jianeeasts oes Clarksville. Aug. 31,1903. 4iCentral Anthracite Coal Coos ./7. a mire phe Spadra. Sept. 4, 1903]. ..|(Cook-Crouch Furniture & HardwareCo Batesville. Sept. 5, 1903 . . Consumers (The) Ice & Coal Co 2...000..0005 Pine Bluff. Sept. 12, 1903 . .|Commercial Club of Fort Smith, Ark Fort Smith. Sept. 29,1903:...|Carter-Martin'TransferiCo.. 22 )...ucbwdie ween de eo

arrison.

Octed, 1903 .

. ,|Citizens (The) Bank

eueOuasa MAS eee eves 6) 8 ©: Silelethi6).e) 01 18) 9)

Except Razlroads, Organized in this State from October 1, 1902,

Date of Filing. Name of Corporation. Location. Dears alone Caminack, CAMWs) COi. ca ata ceete a8 dae tenia b. Portland. Dec. 15, 1903. ..|Consolidated Anthracite Coal Co 000% Spadra.

Jan. 5, TO0Sty: (Ori gh Wea ete yl Crees) sire cae eae Nore NOR RoR AE ERA As Paragould. Jan. Tepooeran Cerro Gordo Store Coie i vives bd fresco ceaa. Cerro Gordo. Jane 20;.19004".7 + Clarksville Mill & Elevator Cov... 6s yee ONS Clarksville. Jan. 26, MICAteri Capital: Viewsland Cons ctsien eters vial pute elt wiclatlcle Little Rock. Jie tee joamden oe i Coal Coen: sipcss os cun ee bles we Camden. Repeal GOs ae |Conway . telephone.Co.2..<-.;6 cs eed tele ce ene tle Conway. Repent 004 en Coleman Yount Liamber Cor estiaee aie 2 eee he's Booneville. Bebe sio04ea.. |charies;/Pease Lumber Co) i... a setae cee S wets Cotter.

Feb. 9, 1904 /Crittenden County Abstract Co Marion. Pepa 9040>.|Clarendon Oar Hactoryiies ou ee che ole dergaadiet. Clarendon. Feb. 28, 1904. . .|Citizens (The) Bank of Rogers 0. Rogers. Marcio n19042.| Cannel Coal.6-O1l Coie a teiic ee coals Selene ae Camden. March 12, 1904. |Conway Supply Co 2 026+ o- Melt ri retete sens Conway. April 4, 1904 . wCapital (lhe) Fire Insurance Co %. t/a wee cece an Little Rock. April 7, 1904 ...|Charleston (The) Improvement Co Charleston. April 16, 1904 . .|Cox (The) Wholesale.Grocery' Co... (ones ewes Mena.

May 7, 1904 Culpepper sand' 6o Brick: Cows ven ceniele seo tis Pine Bluff. June rh 1OOt Fe |Crawtordsyille Mercantile Coy formic eect le. Crawfordsville. June £1 LO0Aee, Clarioc: McClure Lumber Come oe ieee eee peice Poinsett. June 10,1904 ..|Chester (The) Coal, Coke & Development Co... Chester. ite sied O04ecn| Choctaw Brick & Tile Conn: 0 ee eo ea Forrest City. Tene ey DOU Sat \CALIZENS DAD Krs 4 cat Cera ks eeliv carte? gales sale' Mammoth Spring June 27, 1904 ..|Clarendon Athletic Association Clarendon. Ale OUS eT CASEICR LOW LIN COs 34s oe bk Ser aa ahs Sele ee gal Stamps. Wiive rie avon, Go uoctaw Lumber Con. sides a rie be vow cade Cabs De Queen.

Civeia Venere Cross County Ee ublisning CO eveae sie ceccts cite een Wynne.

Mie neuese.icammercial Dank (a5 oc). tas ss voi aN bo vlad ace a one Eureka Springs. Aug. 20, 1904 ..|/Cholwin (The) Bros. & Clegg Sand'Gol see cnieasc Little Rock. Sept. 12, 1904 . .|Camden (The) Chemical & Manufacturing Co.. Camden. eter at soo meet Wnirymen's Bark. Yili kc as o's aac lidarele eke Carlisle. Neves eval, . Denning Downsite C6. 00 0... aa SEs eaiie Wo te SS TON Denning. Dec. 5, 1902 |Dumas Building Association hats S attain mes tevess Dumas.

Jan. 6,1903 |Dickinson Ball Bearing Wheel & Vehicle Co Little Rock. anes 00s ee Litkey- Mons Arm, COMmta oie teu pein eetciam via ctahe Little Rock. PebalOmloQawers| Drew BrickiGolnnice tcc atcuteetacn cite eaetaat we Monticello. HepecOmto0g mes Dickinson Mall Cowiciinn (sae alas ee a Rete miele toes Little Rock. Feb. 27, 1903...|/De Queen Light, Ice & Cold Storage Co De Queen. March 30, 1903 .|Davis-Reeves Lumber Co :.0es0-00 cess. Little Rock. April 27, 1903 . A Denning: GiniConor tire: oars cue chee haar eaten ea Denning. May 8, 1903 meme Queen Canmne. Com amenities tice oetloe tee De Queen. May 11, 1903... .|Decatur Mining, Land & Improvement Co Yellville. Wtilivecwio Oo menen| Desha bands T rist:-Cor ames wet te omne lcahe ye Ark. City. AU lo mLOUSmTa De .WiILt Gril ceil) Gost er, mete eae ee orl De Witt. Cooperare. Cont. awe sec ke stone olenns Cos Luxora. Mecwiiet Woge. DeiOueen Abstract: Concen unt. bidaiontemtae oer ho De Queen. eerie evar hei Liar Pligeine Colts ik cas Sas kul sant Hot Springs. Decade OOS. Denison Mercantile Covswn absite eM ea ss ee hee ies Batesville. Deczsnlvl0aenn Dutch Creekiltmber'Co section. eee ai eet Danville. Want oO4aees| Dermott Bani yy wrote. co nee ies teh entree Dermott. ha LaneLoUsmeent Demarke: Cowen ils fet here celine tame ae eas Ark. City.

eb. 2, 1904... .|Decatur (The) Fruit Growers Association Decatur.

April 33, (OC4ONE Daleomia Town COs.) ov stg oee UME Ca Soke Fayetteville April B7etO0aonDinin & Powellocs 0. . acta tueoen se ash eky Little Rock. June 2, 1904 we DOrssy. and umnber. Corns clin cee te oe cena Texarkana. Aug. 6, 1904. ..|Dixie Mutual Insurance of Arkansas Helena. ARSE PLOOs are Deciing Mining Cos! Syst eit cable alee Black Rock. OCEMLG LOU sree ELUTOIER SCORE WOM Dales sh Ue tele ce coals hb A Dicalle Eureka Springs. Nov. 28, 1902 ..}Edmondson Home & Improvement Co : Edmondson. Jatin Onl GO seen Ele Dorddo.Cotton Oil Commie van Cte ten eee El Dorado. nae Daren Uo in ASOS CarCery, COlcs i. chem ihey ee ateu Aslan Gd acne es Pine Bluff.

eb. 19, L903her| Enterprise Cotton Oil Coe wane. nies ee er i ee Augusta.

March 4, LOCOS meaqivaiis ADStrach CO min aak Reels Lok: cele Nn EE Ren Greenwood. July 27, 1903... .|El Dorado TAChE SPO WweriGo tetas eee eee eee El Dorado. Sept. BENIOOay Heli Horn Banke. oc ay Sawn; heb: BEBE LAR. Arkadelphia. Reb, LOZLUOSwad ernereon (i, We) COW Wis ph Aue abet we Cures Rison.

Nov. 28, 1903 ..|Electric (The) Light, Power & Ice Co. of Benton Benton. Novacinlo0sers| Hlberta Cl hei riitiCoinis sack ater eta tte ante Morrilton.

—269— List Of All Corporations,

1904.—Continued.

to October 1,

—270—

List Of All Corporations,

Except Railroads, Organized in the State from October 1, 1902, to October 1,

1904.—Continued.

Date of Filing. Name of Corporation. Location. Jan. 11, 1904 ...|Enterprise (The) Mining & Development Co Eureka Springs. Feb. 15;,.190475. \Edwards OveralliCo ik thee: ater eee emer Little Rock. March 4, 1904. i Bdgar LumberiCo; seen. occ clea sleueciel chert ene Fordyce. March 10, Lumber'Qo.s. 0.5. ce e ee Eureka Springs. May 5, 1904 Bast-Mirrey Cotati est ch atte cee oe Okolona. May 25, 1904... Emigh (The) Hand'& Lumber Co. fy. fee erator McArthur. Oct 14, River Lumber Coen... wei eke henna Esau. Oct:.2871902 a Paulkner County Danka eee rerece cane ee Conway. March:7,,1903 SaiPies Liquor Cot Gace ee eee et aete ne ee Pine Bluff. March 7,903 5. )Falstait Catering Co. ek girs ce sare aie inten Little Rock. March 25, 1903 . Farmington Fruit & Berry ASSOCIATION iam seeiaeneiots Farmington. March 27, LIDS tit ort South Waron Cor. wee ieee ee ee Fort Smith. April 13, 1903 . . |Fort Smith Light: & Draction Comsrmer eee: eee Fort Smith. April: 29,1903 Sa Parmers Gin Con caer ete ee eee ere Total:

May 9) 1903.57) Lumber Goupictdiean eee ee emete Little Rock. May 14;1903;ee0 (Farmers 'Gin Co! arae sean einer ee eee Paragould. May 19; 1903.35.40 farmers Gin Co. aca ct oats Sania eee eee ee Center Valley. May Gin Conde: coc eared etc are a eieee ae eet Moreland. June6; 1903)... Fort Smith Hydraulic StoneCo meses ei ee eee Fort Smith. June 6, 1903 ...|Fayetteville Lumber & Cement Co Fayetteville. June 6, 1903+. .:/Farmers Cotton-Oil Coiste Situ) th 1s ae ieee Okolona. June:12,;1903%;% (Forrest City Spoke Coi.. 2. ssuikiaets oats cients ee ene Forrest City. |\Pederal (The) Gas Come eu... ae ee ee Texarkana. July 17,1903.e8., |Parmers Bank of Hardy mess ace ere ae ere eee ardy

July 17, 1903.05 \Porrester & Goolsby o.).c. 0. orice eerie a ee Waldron July 20):1903:4 4 Fort Smith Roller: Mill' Coan. vane eee oe one Fort Smith. Aug.1; 1903") SiPerndale Land Co, 82. 2 annie cee ae eet Little Rock. Aug. 3519030) ..Eort Smith trust. Cove). anes aeieen sae Fort Smith. Sept:4:1903) 24. Farmers' Telephone Com. wats miecimieeistt earn Newport Sept.29, 19031. \Parmers Ginning Coesasen sabato ee ene Minturn Nov:.6,1903 20" \Hreeo Oil iCoaliGore sate sce ee eee Bearden Nov. (,1903...s0 Fordyce Light & WatenCom nih eee hee ree Fordyce. Nov. 9, 1903)..-3- (Fidelity Savings Bank & Loan:Co'rae emi. rere Bentonville. Dec: 11,.19037 2 Rimics Bow Conese et eee te eeeer Fort Smith. Dec. 24, 1903... |Fourche River Lumber Co. (Amdt. Arts.) Esau.

Feb. 8, 1904 |Fields-Reynolds Lumber & Cooperage Co Fayetteville. Heb.10%1904 4. i Fortismith Construction Couns ee eee eee Little Rock. Feb.12,19040. |Farmers Gin Co ofjAususta... 1) e dear aernemeroe Augusta Feb: 17; 1904... \Forrester-Duncan LandiGons. een ace eee Waldron Feb? 23519040.% |Flynn' Mining: Cousens ses eek Beet oo eee ne Yardell

Feb. 27, 1904. ..\FosterHardware,Co eee ake ee eee Little Rock. March 1, 1904 .. |Fort Smith Couch & Bedding Cond 420508 baer Fort Smith. March 5, 1904 .. |Federal Mining & Mercantile Co.. Fort Smith. March 5, 1904 . . |Fletcher Coffee & Spice Co..2) aG).cae pe ee ee Little Rock. March 7, 1904 .. |Fayetteville Development Co 000- Fayetteville. March 14, 1904 .|Fort Smith Refrigerator Works 0: Fort Smith. March'23 19044 Port Smith Bisciit Cols. ct. ost eee venue eee re Fort Smith. March: 2531004) i Branks Iagnd ty Co; fae decs eae ckeiahe ein eeeee tenes Little Rock. March 26, 1904 . |Fayetteville Ice & Storage Co 2.-000-- Fayetteville. April 20, 1904 .. |Fox (The) Harris Machine & Supply Co Pine Bluff. April'23, 19045 Hulton County bank veces pce). ee eee ee Mammoth Spring May 17,1904. 4. Foreman see ae eee ee Foreman. July 13; 1904730 Rortismith Country Clubsseeeeeak eae ie eee Fort Smith. Aug: 3/1904) BP ranklin County, Banks. son sae os cote ate ee eee Ozark.

Aug. 18;1904-5. Fort smith Sash @& Door.Comn.piece eee ee Fort Smith. Aug s22, 1904.5 Franklin Planting, Cole. . s2uh eee eee eee ae Avery.

Sept. 20, 1904 .. |Farmers Compress & Cotton Co 0002000% El Dorado. Sept. 30,1904. |Farmers Co-Operative Union 000- Springfield.

Dec. 13, 1902... |Griggs Township Ginning & Milling Co... Forrest City. March 17/1903:.;iGrassy Lake Hodp'Co-:/SiF dake Ae bee ee pee ynne. March 3171903: JiGrimes Hardware: Co... 2.6 ek Oe eee eee Walnut Ridge. April 24,1903.) iGlasscock-Smith Cove. .wiek 440 olen ae ee Paragould. May 23, 1903 \Galloway Female College ... 5 i004 Wetec Searcy.

June 25, T903.4Granite: Brick Com sii de eae ee eee Little] Rock.

July 2, 1903 Gentry Auditorium Cowie ignds 4 Eee eee ne Gentry.

July 29, 1903.0. Grant County-Bankse eae ee kee ee eee Sheridan.

Sept: 4,1903i4. /iGarvey (TheGod) iGo ease oe ae nn ae eee Harrisburg. Oct#6, 1903.22 Wall PaneriCos. haion Ane eee eae Little Rock. Dec..8, 1903; 'Gunther, (The) Coal'Co.. 12... 0 ok banlt Game cee Greenwood.

—271—

List Of All Corporations,

Except Railroads, Organized in this State from October 1, 1902, to October 1,

Date of Filing.

Dec. 30, 1903... Jan. 18,1904... Feb. 12, 1904... March 7, 1904 ..

April 21, 1904 .

May 14, 1904

June 18,1904 .

August 13, 1904

Nov. 15, 1904 .

Dec. 15, 1904...

Oct. 2, 1902 .. Oct. 13, 1902 Nov. 7, 1902 .

Dec. 16, 1902... Dec. 20, 1902...

Dec. 29, 1902. . Jan. 2,1903...

Nan,o71903.6. 2% Jan toe1903i..% Wan. 1651903"...

Jan. 20,1903 ..

Pebii0; 1903... .°. Feb. 12,1903... Feb. 14, 1903...

March 9, 1903 . March 16, 1903.,

March 18, 1903 . March 21,1903 . March 21,1903 . April 21,1903 ..

June 6, 1903 .

June 17,1903 .. July 8, 1903... .. July 10, 1903

July 13, 1903...

Sept. 18,1903 .. Sept. 24,1903 ..

Oct. 3, 1903

Oct. 27, 1903 ... Nov. 3, 1903 ...

Nov. 4, 1903. . Nov. 7, 1903...

Nov. 9,1903 ... Nov. 10,1903 .. Déc: 15, 1903... Dec. 28, 1903...

Jan. 20, 1904 .. thee 27, 1904

an. 30,1904... Feb. 17, 1904... Feb. 17, 1904...

Feb. 19, 1904. March 30, 1904 . April 2, 1904

April 18, 1904 .. May 19, 1904... . May 23, 1904... .

June 1, 1904 .

July 25, 1904... . Aug. 10,1904 .. Aug. 29,1904 .. Sept. 27, 1904 ..

March 2, 1903 .. March 7, 1903 ..

Feb. 5, 1903.

Sept. 21, 1904 ..

Dec. 16, 1902'... . |Jungkind Drug & Photo Supply Co... .

Jan. 31,1903 .

1904.—Continued.

Name of Corporation. Location. Greed-Houghton Wand: Comssenneie eite o snc shag oieatevan Jonesboro. CROTON: S Danke Heese ieee len. erie @ fanevalo ck aes oo hantins Harrison. Greenland Horticultural Association Greenland. Gesick-Crampton qo. lee tide tle eRe ottueld od deleacee Fort Smith.

. (Gravett Fruit Growers Association Gravett. Grepory, Medicine! Copaig ween tae sistant ciclaleta ecelitee Conway. GlobeClothing Store ui) acre shies alertness Blytheville. German-nAmericam batio. a pak aie eae Paris.

MIGom. Brose GambleiCo jie de Ante iene ok theses Cove. GofccGain ble: Cota acces: aot: ahiee oe seeia at, Gillham. a rlerald Printing', Cowes, Wickerasicc ual Mise cease ar baetehs loterr Camden.

Mes tat burs saws Mall Serve sieysio.s ler dere asotdnee! see cue eiehene Hamburg.

MlEot springs mattoiCoum capicist wis tcsakere toeisi crs ead ie Hot Springs. Home Mutual Fire Insurance Co. of Arkansas Little Rock. Hot Springs Remedial & Vitalizing Co Hot Springs.

Aiampbure. Cotton. Oil Com msme sttiees ote tease Hamburg.

i Helena bare cs, Dermicia Connacht dtelsos tists ceteie on Helena.

Hot Springs Milwaukee Beer Co Hot Springs. Haro DOuLIng Comes ya a ae enh Le ee ae eens Little Rock. Helena Cons. seer ese oe cnn ce Helena. mioambureevercantile Gor as shim pihe eit a eraciee ats Hamburg. Harmony Mercantile Co aac es cree tee ce heieicustn cieicce Harmony. Heleva rata wate. Con aie aoe Mime ik elena cieeele Helena. LOUD DLS StL custo Melee Ser ie hee or ee Hot Springs. Alnaléy=b eine G2COCE ys meiacis au: isch iold Se orniciems tne Des Arc. FLAW EITISIO NOG: COMME eae rains bron theta Pek cs iciete ny ate Fort Smith. Flouse (rhe) Purnishing: Cov acts canes ie ark ial Pine Bluff. lartis-H earisitountain Com na. see, alsin ieee Junction City. Harris-Proctor Telephone Company Junction City. FHioldern ess Sen yvardiga. nc iok eld teres oouade ome ateeerass Pine Bluff.

A Hotopringes Fockey Club). seater miei sated oe meine sie Hot Springs.

TIEN OTR COLleE seme eu: oti eial sissnnecotess chaloh abet len Conway. Hot Springs Jockey Cliiba tants ane oie epee Hot Springs. Home (ihe) Fuel Gasi& MigoCo.n 4 soil. cite as Harrison. mlrarp Coal dcMining. Coss. eee eae nie ec eioeis bactaneiees setae Hartford. Hartiordemeal mista te. CoOiy cian. stoi aoa 3 en eae Gwynn. Holmes-lone Commission Cov. .cee ose eee ees Little Rock.

PET ami tom Come wey eet ese he atk ers Or tat Sete a Warren. Hotiman CoaliGo ease mati ie Leaner Sire ios caiaea Gwynn. Hate OLhurniture Comrie eee Bere ania Little Rock.

. |Home B. & L. Association of Van Buren, Ark Van Buren.

5 Relenoegsyrayei lat bolic: vn SiyiRieeen CiototnG Soe Pare Oc aba ieee Hampton. Hardwood Line) lumber Cossaen se ceil doretetere stake ne. |Stamps. Harttord improvement Golee. a. icn chemin nie inte eee Gwynn. Hiett Wagon Con. meer cine crikc at hicks Sie cerity el eto Jonesboro. Hot Springs Fullers Earth & Mining Co Hot Springs.

airlamburevltim ber Comes med ae eerie ietine ela ined eee Hamburg.

Pea A aIZlip Wom benWo pis. alee trees elev tee loleie tones evs taro Pinnacle. EO Ve. Coal COM me epee aie eis 5 lacie LR ere tell cae Fort Smith. Hotsprings Slate Goma. ae and Seeke toes ticueecisits Hot Springs. dmhesays Wu Resyorshoml (2 Clos years ce 5 tls tone, Ay Cece Soro ore Walnut Ridge. miitidsonmiver Oil Gas Comair Satan toe EUaae coats Ogden. Paantuivealelista teiCovn, sonia da ciah ae geiies tee elnnc ale Fort Smith, BRL ONC CO. GO Pro LeRee hy tains Lae etahi tele ols bbe relied etn Texarkana. Henderson smokeless:Coal Go... set miei ate Fort Smith. Harrisbure Rollerilill Cos tei neste ie eet ace Harrisburg. ElomeGasice Oil Copnrs Bun. tigs niece tabs ties Ole eucrotnns Mansfield.

miElollandiaOrchard Comms eee see 8 are cere Siloam Springs. Hardy Millins COtsaeset bat wee tsracrenise Ain sihch ces bias Hardy. Hopellardware.Cota tei hook ee oie Hope.

Lote GbE) FB aii le eee een cnt ce ant aoc a ciara ee Prairie Grove. TODO Drinos mOnerele COnmert: errs, 0 eicriiian cece hunks Hot Springs. Interstate Medical Association. eece.. Eureka Springs. LRateq kev \WiGehgaronl Oya ia) Ghow ower' Spee eet en ae R Ip. emma Bp ) Fort Smith.

Pilndepencence County Bank... snare onide dens cae Batesville. Imbodentitaprovement Co, actakla 4,6 sierd abated Imboden.

ST AINIEST CPN S LCLO me ae IE Woes Snr oa treat Beenie A ae oS Cotton Plant.

Little Rock.

—272—

List Of All Corporations,

Except Railroads, Organized in the State from October 1, 1902, to October 1,

1904.—Continued.

Date of Filing. Name of Corporation. Location. Feb. 10, 1903. Joseph (S. L.) Mercantile Co 5 00-- Paragould. March 26, 1903 Jones-Crawford House Furnishing Co Little Rock. Marchi3081903 Jessup MillinoeCo mere sirtcienciese le enc een cane Jessup.

July. 28; 1903!" Jordan. (Jabs Dry Goods Colmer ae le reer Jonesboro. Sept. 5, 1903"). \Jacksonport lmprovementiCo, .. 7. eu- eke eee, s Jacksonport. Sept. 10, 1903 Jonesboro Nursery & Plantation Co.. Jonesboro. Sept. 2321903) Jonesboro Ice oa ranster Cow. nee eres Jonesboro. Jani2), L904 Judsonia State Bankisf.15.. . seiko een era eee Judsonia. Feb, 2919042. ei Jones Investment Co.ces noise te ee eee eee Batesville. March 16, 1904 Jacksonville (The) Telephone Co Jacksonville. Nov. 14, 1902). (Knoxville Anthracite Coal Coo ess tree eres keene Clarksville. Nov..20;'1062) iu) Kizer Telephone Cos, 2. ven s cee eee onsen Texarkana. Jan, 5301 9030.4) Krimmitiger Sa winill CO... tes act een eee ree Biggers. Feb. 20, 1903. Meine CHC iICoe cipeiases Grate te ee tare en oO ee Fayetteville. April 25, 1903 3 Kinard.Lbum ber'!Comeey tae cin eee ean eee El Dorado. June L791 90382) Kelly, CH. 0), Lam beriCor kine sanmeheeeeiae tie eee Humphreys. Dec. 3, 1908s Keystone Savings & Investment Co Little Rock. Dec:-30) 19038005. Kidd Brosi Coteus tn ieee eel rte ae ee Wilmar. Dec..31, 1903. Kentucky (The) Sun Mining: Co... 0.0..0. 000 Marshall. Jant 14,1904) 5A.4 Craft (Co L.) Coug stand sic ane Rosters imines are eee ee Little Rock. March 181904 FiKeystone (The) Slate Covi ue ree Mena. June.10%1904 2.) K. of P, Hall & Opera' House Cote ee eee Fayetteville. Jiuly.8,) 190473 a Kimberly, Vead.éz. Zinc: Com. sce ie eae eee Black Rock. Oct: 6319025. "ni La Due & Coie ose cee ee ae ee ee eee Little Rock. Nov;'4,1902..5...4Lincola Laimber Co ia:ca ilies Galea aie an ee Fayetteville. Novi28 190252. Louise Linmber Coie a aiatlto eater eee ee Collins.

Jan. 13, 1903 .. .|Louisiana and Arkansas Land & Lumber Co Stamps Janu20¢ 1903/52) Wonoke ie eos een eh eee Lonoke

Feb. 5; £903 40%. Lincoln Lee; Mercantile Coizn.0 wae ie cate eee Lee. Feb..63,1903% *4. Little River Cotton-O1l' Co Sere ie ete Ashdown. Feb. i2.|Wongléy; Cov aun facia sm eae me eeicens ohare ieee al Ot nee Feb.-20541903. 74) Little Rock Turkish Bath Coven cree ene Little Rock. March 17, 1903 .|Little Rock Railway & Electric Co Little Rock. June Gin Conn ve iii wc seine eeendictee nen penta: ie ir eer ereee Paragould. JuneiG, 190342) Louisiana Stumpage Coleen ee en ieee Osceola. June 23190371: Lescher Shoe Col. fein. cite ae cree tans ac aeie teeter ete Little Rock. June 30, 1903 ..|Land Improvement & Manufacturing Co ... Goldman. jaly 6) 19038heciiLayton's Department Stores uncle tee Ree eee Yellville. July 20, 19038... Lawrence County Telephone Co Black Rock. Sept. 4:,1903 2 oe Little, Rock Heating Colne eee ise ie eee Little Rock. Sept.4, 19030. LanierStave & Lumber. Coe 2% 0. eee ee ee Mineral Springs. Nov. 2, 1903 .. |Little Rock (The) Basket Cominiaat hye aie ee Little Rock. Nov. 45519037 =|Liancoln Realty Go Wan cneit crn oni ene ene Pine Bluff. Nov; 2481903 33\'Lamar Anthracite Coal:Coun. 2. seine nee Lamar. Dee.:23519032 es Little Rock Auditorium'Co rte eee en ate eee Little Rock. Jan. 4, 1904 |/Loewenberg Mercantile Co 5..0006. ope.

Feb. eg 1904. . .|Lewisville CUhe) Supply Coa. acre eet eee Lewisville. March c) 1904 Lee County Banks oc ceo oo eeina eee eat eee Marianna. Hardware Coc... <.e ie ee Cetinie pees Lockesburg. April 18, 19040 \Leverenz 'Truelock:ShoeiCoin sin noe reece Pine Bluff. April 29) 19042). Louchheim LigtuoriCo nn. mie lc eie ieee eee eee Little Rock. May 9, 1904... . .|Louisville Tasht GiWater Corse aoe enone ieee Louisville. June 3, 1904 /Little Rock Boiler & Iron Works Little Rock. June Little Rock: Gas Coste caine iceeeee ete ate en eee Little Rock. June 222190442 Lake aumber Co iceicytedd ost ercte ee ieieens cane ae eee Felsenthal. 3 |'Lewis camber Cos nace cise cnet aaiielais + haat eee (Near) Hamburg, June 1.1L Anguille Lumber Cow,).. oe sic oa sls ste meade Marianna. July 9; 19045, 03. |Leshe:Stave & Heading:Co.i ccm om kis oeroniee Leslie.

Aug. 8) 19040. Lente (JW) StaveCo ta. soe uck eee eee Greenway. Aug. 15, 1904-k8 |Lawrence:Comis Con vireo ooh ocean nal eee Walnut Ridge. Oct. 39, 1902 ...|Malvern Milling & Ice Manufacturing Co ... Malvern. Nov-8 19025830 Mhan Gin Coty ieee ine oe crete ae ere Blytheville. Dec. 13, 1902 ee.) Miners Barakiiia ids 5. ciedatce tecoteee kane ete nanos ee eee Yellville, Jan.9;1903i00.2 Co, cnn sein ae ere erotic Fort Smith. Jan. 122390352) Mississippi County, Danity aan ents eee aire eee Blytheville. Jan,16,1903'.2.|McCrory Mercantile Comm acne ae eee McCrory. Jani 17,1903: <2. (Monette Supply Cad. cin bri ane A one aa ee Monette. Jani 1731908). [Manila Supply Codi 26 ytace one dee eee Manila.

Sol

List Of All Corporations,

Except Railroads, Organized in this State from October 1, 1902, to October 1,

1904.—Continued.

Date of Filing. Name of Corporation. Location. Terao, tous eee Morris-Lowis SupDLy..CO.. ctidixio'e aletslets Dimas Pe ald att Kingsland. Jan. 31, 1903 .. Milwaukee-Arkansas Lead & Zinc Co Yellville. Feb. 18, 1903. ..|Marianna Spoke & Novelty Works Marianna. Feb. 27, 1903. ..|Mansfield Ice & Cold Storage Co Mansfield. Marcus palo pM taOlive Realty: Con cnc atic make oi otetegs Stones Mt. Olive. Antigo ogee Maxheld: Grocery COc ist bs sate ws sieve clita Craieeeet ohare eens Batesville. May 2, 1903 |Maxfield (C. W.) Co ae PLA Ter Oe cut ane ee ge Batesville. Mave2nlL 00s seen Maxfield (Theodore)/Co..:.. cho a eine SARK Batesville. Mare nono sant Ma yidOWwer Gil COM. al cus Fuse wie rete reboleyeeetelel of ale one Mayflower. Tune sO eos men MatLberny Cotton Oil.Cozcwcunieeeidcboce aeetie sateen Mulberry. 'July2o, 1903 Mobile (Ihe): hase. ©. ees Jonesboro. JUlvcs olen st magnolia Lumber Coytion ini One et aS eee Dardanelle. Auisho 1 90sweet Merchants & Parmers Bank, 0c tele Celoet acts Adkins. ioe Onl o0ae eiMerchants @itarmers Gin Coin... le teen Altheimer. ices aovoues Mech innis ohingle Cometek cas cat cl cmem ow tsnen ate Perry. Denes Gre loren Magnolia. Compress:\Co Wises asene ears cates Magnolia. OGreism COs Marion County. LOW COlss seu ilais ee nel. scored eel Yellville. Deen sola Merchants &@ Planters'Bank: =)5).5 82. eee Camden. Dec. 5, 1903 niMalvern Citys telephone'Cole mal. Gaeta eee ei Malvern. Jan. 9, 1904 eiMonmouthitealty. COs eiaieecsdsekery ohitees, cere eeneT. Jonesboro. Jan. 15, 1904 ...|Merriwether (W. W.) & Son Hardware Co Paragould. NaneLGw Lote Morea lead: Corl sie cic .sreie retentions Whol chad ol dere Little Rock. latin O LOO rae Modell (The) iPrintery, sick, nares ot te hicesdeet elie etapa Texarkana. Feb. 3, 1904... .|Moro Lumber & StaveCo 0000. Fordyce. Feb. 12, LOCA Marshall Canming Comins eee meel-taters Acrobat Marshall. Heb. 23,1904... Magnetic Springs Sanitarium.) 2. aslo to bee de. Eureka Springs. Feb. 29, 1904. . .|Magness Ginning & Milling Co...0 Magness March 4, 190484) Montgomery (1 he) County Bank®. 2... 2.8 oes use Mt. Ida. Maren sal 904 (McK nioht) Mining, Coleen s eine ee ee, Williford. March 24, 1904 .|Modern [Babb ele baigin yee neon aN NAma MLR et os OSs eR ae Little Rock. Niles 6 hOO4 we Nar ble.City. Mining CO, tens wim eer alata. attest etenate edt ele Fort Smith. ADmienvoosys| Mammothev elm Coal Coste aw cna etiaeinic ole a aren. Fort Smith. ADEM mOMLOO+Es Marvels Lelepnone Com. aiid cand ont werk cote a ale eke! ais Marvel. April 29; 1904. ..|Mena Times Publishing Co 0 000s ee ee Mena.

Maw 01 90400. Martin-Reynolds 4 aa. ok ese eels Little Rock. Mav 4 s1004e Mahan supply: Come aa sicioenetaea dials telarene etait chanel Barfield. May 30; 1904 |Magnolia (The) Ice & Light. Co ...0.5 5..8.. Magnolia. ines OO Martin Milling Cows cet. viee tel sacl etiteeatstere dates letialnrs Paragould. iis OM tees Coven ek nce low mons See Sek Arkadelphia. July 16, 1904... .|Merchants & Planters Packing Co Sheridan. ftiveLomlioOLee nN Vaxon-=MeClintock Coli iiuadeseac obyestete ercelererautetete Marianna. Aug. 5, 1904 ... Magnolia Manufacturing Commies a toe lees Magnolia. Aug. 15, 1904 ..|Marianna Warehouse Co cc.eceeeceeee Marianna. Aug. 22,1904 ..|Mena (The) Coke & Coal Mining Co Mena. Sept. 6, 1904... .|Max pollinges Clotaing Con, ansenemee eats chee eke Little Rock. Sept. 24, 1904 . .|Markham Street ReéaltviGora eee ee as Little Rock. Oct 9902s e. North ForleMinine & Milling: Co®. wits. os cle eis one Mountain Home. Natinca a oor) Newari, Lelephone Col nusin We cater lak micas ele Batesville. HepsomioOsuen)| Noth rine bint Wand! Cowan eis oes aereteieie keener Pine Bluff. Feb. 19, 1903. ..|Newport Builders Supply & Hardware Co... Newport. March 23, 1903 .!New Discovery Mining & Milling Co Antimony. Maren 240s i New port. Land Cos caciemsns eicie achat caumernane te aie ol alehe Newport. Marchivanlo0se) Newton County; Banie, os. dare chatie a tiie steele etenaie s Jasper. April 10, 1903 ..|Northwest Anthracite Coal Co 4.. Spadra. April 30, nh BNE WPOr GaroCery, COnscatits oak oan Sta oe eee Newport. May 4,1 pi Newark Real'Hstate & Loan Co'... 1.0 enle clas Pelle Newark. May 6, 1903 Netittarness.C Ove wini tea a ci tinh oie are Nee oes Little Rock. May 15, 1903... . INewmort Gas COst cee maitc owes am © einer ae Nae Pn ee Newport. une 19, 1903 ..|Northern Ohio Cooperage & Lumber Co Parkin.

Une 22LOoOs me NOTti. (1. he) Arkansas' Land: Co yis.vs.e tek le Jasper.

Tyee LOS ee Newl=Butier Real Estate Cols... ded Sten ae Cares Batesville. Jaly 175) L9034ee Nashville: Development: Col. th 1.0. ae een ache Yellville. Oct. 12, 1903 Newport & Indian Bay Transportation Co Newport. Oct. 19s 190s 4a National (Lhe) Rock Asphalt Cot. 20. i oe Harrison. Nov. 19,1903 .|Nesbit McMillan Furniture Co Fayetteville. April 27, 1904 ..|North Arkansas Electric R. R. & Power Company.. Mt. Hersey. Mayi167190422) Newport. ransportation Co. 1.00.5 i208 ee Newport. Jere: 41 O04 Nelson) Miles. Elornern.Coy! 2) Saunt. Mie does Helena. Mio OOS a NOrtis Mruttarin (Comes sich nis anata eet ata eto Fort Smith.

Sept. 30,1904 ..

Northwest Arkansas Realty & Development Co

Prairie Grove.

—274—

LIST OF ALL CORPORATIONS, Except Railroads, Organized in this State from October 1, 1902, to October 1,

1904.—Continued.

Date of Filing. Name of Corporation. Location. Oct: 2051902) 37 1Ozarlk White Lime.Co S52 eer ee Fayetteville. Jan.'9, 1903. Osceola Land Cociaini haiti es ee eee Osceola. )|Ozark Wagon:Coy Disc. fick. Ksremseven on eh rere ee Fayetteville. Feb.21,(1903 3 Oulta Anthracite Coal Com. ae eee nee Fort Smith. Feb..19):1903854/0' Bannon umber Cope... a eee eee Hamburg Febs27; 1903834 Ouachita LumberiCo bios ye ete eee ee ere Ogemaw March 2, 1903 .. |Ozark & Sulphur Mountain TractionCo Harrison June'l; L903ietas Osceola, Grocery: Copies 0) oun eis crete ae eee ree Osceola. Aug 1 31903) seen Ozark insurance Com .svan vicente in lata seen emer nial ee Fort Smith. septal. 1903 sem Ozark Coal' & Mining Covey etc initiee tee eee ane Denning Nov...0..1903 see Ozark & Cecil Telephone: Comanasodes ae nae Cecil.

Jan. 15641904895) Ozark (The) Praitcs eerie eee Harrison Col naan ener eee Camden. June 21,4004' 2) Olin Plantation Co, 3. nea eine oe eee Whitmore. Augs3 19045942 |Oak Park Land Con ice es ca ce ete ence aaron Flippin. Aug. 24,1904 ../Oregon (The) Flat Investment Co Harrison. Oct:245:1902'-."|Peoples Live Stock.Cots eee eee ee Harrisburg. Novs4, 190225 Paragould Brick: Colsj.5. erent ee eee Paragould.

Nov..4, 1902 Pine Bluff Base:Ball/ Association {yu2o. oe eee Pine Bluff. Decv15"1902.." \Phipps:|(Jy By umber Cope eee eee St. Paul: Decs29, 1902)'s2..| Peter: Andrews &iCole i.e ee eee Batesville. Jan. 3,1903i2. 4.1| Peoples GiniCo ttay acre So aa eet ree Brinkley. Jan: 30;19038 470 Pulaski Crush Rock & Paving Consens ae ee eee Little Rock. Feb. 4; 1903.2). Peoples Saving Bank & Trust.Co cc: ce eee Pine Bluff. Feb.421903 2.0 Pine Bluff BottlingiCo. Seis eee Pine Bluff Feb. 17, 1903... |Pocahontas Light, Water & Manufacturing Co Pocahontas. March 4, 1903. . |Patterson (W. H.) TelephoneCo ..: 5 McCrory. March 1441903) 8) Planters Cotton Oil Co iy. 2 eee eee Des Arc. March 173.903). Pine Bluff Irust' Con... ee eee Pine Bluff. March'31'91903.2) Planters Gia & Manutacturing Comerseae ete Forrest City. April $31903 224)\Peoples Purniture'Co oe. cieiice aemeien ere eee Little Rock. April 24, 1903 ..|Pine Bluff Spring Festival Association Pine Bluff. May ¢, 1903...25| Pocahontas ice & Botting Com. see eee Pocahontas. May 8#1903:.2¢0)|Paris Blectnie light. & Power Comer secre eee Paris.

June 12,1903 ..|Penrose Mercantile & Manufacturing Co Penrose.

June 11,1903 ..|Peoples Fire Association of Arkansas Little Rock. Augid441903 Powell Hardware Co... ee eee Bentonville. Augil7/19039..3) Planters Warehouse'Com i) saci aera eee New Lewisville. Sept. 2/1903) Pulaski Sewerage Comment ae nee ere Little Rock. Septs 229190327, |Powell'Coal Cowie eemes se eee eee Greenwood. Oct. 19, 1903 ...|Peerless (The) Mica & KaolinCo Harrison. Oct'23;,1903i1e| Peoples Bank 3 Paes eee ee eee Benton. Oct..26;) 1903045) Peerless Drug' Co, Seu aerstia ote sede on See ee en ra ae Little Rock.

Nove Lo08er wa Prescott) Por Building Co. 2 ye eet ae eee Prescott. March $71904)))|Pritchard Lumber Com. a aoe eee oe Little Rock. March-31,71904°3) Planters: (he) (Bank#4 19.05. 2 eee eee Cotton Plant. June 271904) 5.4) Pine Blatt Building & Land Cou. ae eee Pine Bluff. June 7;1904 (4) Union: Telephone'Gol. aula einer eee Gillett. 3 2) Peoples Livestock Ins..\Co a eee Little Rock. June 14719045) 4. Pierce Laumber: Conese aa ete iste a ee ees Newport. June 22,1904 -.)|PReoples:\(LThe) Bank of Berryvilles 0 3. 4) es ee Berryville. June 22; 19042 su Planters|\Gim' Coste ne). ee ea eer Portland. June Portenake Hunting/Clibe 6m on) et hase eee Helena July 21-1904; i Procton Boxec Crate Con rer ere ee ee ee Rector.

July 23; 19042249) Porter>-Wadley Lumber Cor se. ee ae en aerate Texarkana. July 25,'1904-221 Porter' Mercantile'Co. 2 Ape ee eee Dermott. Atg. 9, 190492) Paracouldduumber Come. ie. eee ee Paragould. Aug 10,,1904i.5) Peoples Banlkjiiee os ea rest eee te eee Ozark. Sept:6,'1904.%7| Pine Blutl Pranster.Com. ene oats oO oe eer Pine Bluff. Sept430/1904.2.4) Poinsett Immigration Commemaaveuteese setae Harrisburg. Sept. 27, 1902 .. |Queen (The) Bee Mining & Milling Co Mena.

Jarie Coal! Coss. a erect aero ee Little Rock. Sept. 14, 1903 . .|Queen of Arkansas InsuranceCo Little Rock. Nov..071902 oo Ryland 'Oueensware Co.5.. Buea eerie Pine Bluff. Jan.14,903 4. 4) Remedy (fF. Rab.) Cony ie ae eee one Hot Springs. Jan. 29) 1908257) RiceiGWs RR.) Mercantile! Cos. .5 snieene: eet eee ae Sulphur Rock. Feb..5; 1903). 2. URussellville ce & Cold Storage Coen. aa ee eee Russellville. Jan. 25,1903), Rayal Handle: Manufactunna/Conme ne eee Harrisburg.

—275—

List Of All Corporations,

Except Railroads, Organized in this State from October 1, 1902, to October 1,

Date of Filing Name of Corporation. Location. Marcin oer DU sree OZelLL OUP DLY CO asic cities sires icicle fe cela letets ctotlitalans Rozell. March 2451903: . |Rock Creek Oil & Mining Co...) ki ices ee dime cae: Little Rock. MasiomloUs sy i rancolnn County.A abstract Co, isn aisle ciate its Pocahontas. une oOsEneniceich Lelepnone Co. 34 faut eon oe Wao se sheave Harrison. June4, 1903 ..., Russellville Wholesale Grocery Co Russellville. UnGeCUME OS ed Dud -RealtyiCo., snc cls sc ci. cua erewhelele <tolarteicl sabe Cotter. Oopel aloo peainitchie' Grocer Cons. gives <.ctakte seh ie ws lesen web le's Camden. INOUE oOseerin ed Buck Mining Co led. 6.) ul s seeker ion no diaaiee Little Rock. Decwianlo0sae aikussellville: Telephone Cots: 2.2m. f oned oasis Russellville. ane eroOte weitsiverside lumber COs yale sect e chy taasaisncto ere. Blytheville. Hepeoslolte wee Roland ohingle Lumber Cove femecice ..)o..des Roland. Feb. 23, 1904... |Retail Grocers & Merchants Protective Association..| Pine Bluff. April SARIS CR eh woods Gin Coy. Ohis c lowe eee aes England. Wonwon 004 Reeves (W:. Ds) Limber Co 2. seen abe elas Helena. June 1, 1904 ...|Rauch Darragh Grain Cons wane tei aere, te each we Little Rock. June 16,1904 ..|Robert Dawson Industrial Clearing House Fort Smith. (ine eioO tee Nobinson Lumber Co Wo. dee es ee anes Cc atenete Little Rock. une imeo4e Rock Creek Investment, Co, suis hese nals eee Little Rock. July 200904 \sector Hishing Club Association .5¢.ue cue Rector. pert cas004 one) Roger Mercantile Can). sais s cnltpsstaluthens kieleme sulle Fort Smith. INOvero LO02er es ote Lanis Grocery Co. of Arkansas mummies eres 5 Hoxie. INOVAO LUO me oOecarcy) Realm state Conc occ crcl h old ucla ebebeholsts Searcy. Dechi1251902). Southern Laimber & Supply,Coi.9). esha see) ocak Pine Bluff. Wecal so toO2Z as ohofiner MercantileCow 228, gan guccpatedany aie wast ete Shoffner's Switch. Ate geO0S eee lSoutbardtbohanna livery, Coes sere ciene meee Fort Smith. MANO LOUR erento tat JeWweLEyGOns au is ots oc a eae Olena DINE ornate Monticello. Natelow JOS oprading Mercantie Goan tae ci nts ed sieksaiote ay ates Hartford. MateldenloOo eas |\otainbacic Brown GAC... sen deen el kok sarspeeeltonsies: Little Rock. Vane OwI0Sen, tone (lhe). County Banke 3.5. sa iimeste tte oan Mountain View. GangcomoOs ser (Soudan: Planting! Conus wipers best bine aleaiace ints sbetente Park Place. Vann olsen lotruerert: Millinery Coli. ticle cle sa ate ettuaieh ats Little Rock . Feb. 4, 1903. ...|Springdale (The) Cash Dry Goods Co Springdale. Macchia 905i Steels Cotton Mills.) 4) atime bere eee ete 2 Mam'th Spring. Marcheld pLOGaan| Searcy, Cotton Or: Com a. 6.08 ot isco. 5 es Searcy. March 17, 1903 . |Southern Telephone & Telegraph Co Hot Springs. Marcinz0-)90s,lotamps cecil uel Cou. . se 0.2 Sidisienes plie 2m ete ers Stamps. Marcus! sL003.0Spadra Creek, Coal Co... 6o.-.5 sc ean Be hws Clarksville. April 4, 1903 ... |Sugar Orchard, Mining & Realty Co Zinc. ApmlOml oom ee, rotate. (lhe) Investment Cow o.. oe . cit mieree soe Texarkana. Mayr lOO sere OCOLt rit COs es. wie ry cited eis tastier oka IS Mane Pn Hackett. May LSelO0s .a.otrandiey. (J. ly.) Grocery; Coles se ay seit pee ech Osceola.

June 3,1903 ... June6,1903 ... ..|Shaw (E. B.) Lumber Co .. |Southwestern Paving & Construction Co Atigely LOOS sss: . |Southern Realty & Investment Co ..|\Sebastian Electrical Co Aug. 29,1903 ..

June 11, 1903 June 13, 1903

Aug. 18,1903 . Aug. 27, 1903

Sept. 8, 1903 .

Sept. 12, 1903 .. Sept. 18,1903...

Nov. 13: 1903

Dec. 7, 1903. . Jan. 8, 1904...

Jan. 21, 1904. Feb. 2, 1904.. Feb. 16, 1904...

Feb. 23, 1904. March 22. 1904 .

.. 'Security Fire Seal Co SiN PSO cho uruture CON na sce ee ma cei ae

. |Southern Land Co Nov. 17,1903 .. Nov. 20, 1903 .. Dec. 4, 1903 . \Southern (The) Trust Co Jan.-2, 190425. . \Sisk Mercantile Co Jan. 8, 1904 Jan. 15.1904... Me ITELO TIS: (Jen Ese Oe, COL mar men TL ene hema 2 ein Mee ee eteae Jan. 28,1904... Potioam (Lhe) Mining: Cov, .,. cen miereeie tied selaniien. Feb. 12, 1904... Bint. trancisumiver, blantationiCo wd. 6 aes aot Feb. 19, 1904... Feb. 23, 1904...

1904.—Continued.

Siloam springs Oil Comin sila ceva ded ee rtd tiers Gite Southwestern Co-Operative Home & Trust Co

oO 648, See 6) Blane ee ye ee, dle a of a era ot

Salem Stare Danlx. Veh ech case ata aoe ore

Srandard Carhonite Cone. occ oak Pee peel decal a

ee (que (aya a lap witeuiaen@ oe) em) (ey a eliele 9 ce

O10 is) eae hee a ele (ele 2 0e Kur whe Ke 6) abe) oh Cre

Srout-Greer Mut ber Co. oie yaaa aj oicter a end hare we abel

ie atce; e) al eke) eRe are tide pe se 81s (6) 61.6 6. me

Sengel Development Co Sectinity hire insurance CO.ass tet ene ics Sunny Side Fruit Farm Co

Si S006) 4) 6 fone le 0.4. CL a Udike 4 vie e 9a). 6 tele

DEATCy; BOWEL GOs ota n oo illere d's ate Ra Pat ae es are

Sharp (The) County Telephone Co DEALeVI Anica eee a daeiehe Ce eh Ret aoe

Seaman Packard Co

States Savings & Trust Co South (The) Hungry Colonization Society Southertmemarmacv Gos weed. oe ote ae Ee . |\Stroud (The H. L.) Mercantile Co

Southern, (be wviercantile, Come vw saa poe ciabe: ki

Siloam Springs. Little Rock.

Three Chute Ford

Little Rock. Salem.

Black Rock. Fort Smith. Camden. Arkadelphia. Pine Bluff. Thornton. Little Rock. Fort Smith. Little Rock. Fort Smith. Little Rock. Searcy. Magness. Evening Shade. Searcy.

Pine Bluff. Mansfield. Siloam Springs. Texarkana. Forrest City. Newport. Hot Springs. Rogers.

—276—

List Of All Corporations,

Except Railroads, Organized in this State from October 1, 1902, to October 1,

1904.—Continued. Date of Filing. Name of Corporation. Location.

April 14,1904"; 4Saline Oil Cole oo fo 2 dacs ax Pan te pee Stamps. May 13, 1904... .|Sloan-Wilson MercantileCo Imboden. May 23, 1904... Southern Anthracite Coal Co Russellville. May 30, 1904... . Straub (N) Sons Mercantile Co Helena. May 30; 19042). {Straub Pressed Brick Cos. 2) POS Se kee oe ee Helena. June 7, 1904 ...|Stockmens Indemnity Co Little Rock. June 17, 1904 . .'\Southern Fire Insurance Co 5 Little Rock. June 27, 1904 iSauthern Directory Co. 255.5, . 2k (See. eee ene Texarkana. July 5; 1904..)-. Spradiing (The) Coal Co... 2.2 22 Ue Sa eee, Greenwood. Aug. 451904 ) iSchneider Stave Cos. i sic. + sce up ese enue ees Little Rock. Aug. 22,1004. tatt (C. S.) Realty Coli t vier ise eee eee Little Rock. Aug. 27, 1904 ..|\Southern (The) Furniture Co Pine Bluff. Sept. 20, 1004: 7 imitate Bank 7.3 Wi ig a oe 5 See ee eee Siloam Springs. Nov. 22, 1902 .. Tate Mill & Little Rock Telephone Co Jacksonville. Nov. 24, 1902 . Texarkana Storage & TransporationCo 'Texarkana. Feb. 28,1903. . .|Texarkana Light & Traction Co. .j24..5 22.22 22. Texarkana. April 24, 1903. Tuckerman Gin Cos 9 cee ae ee ee Tuckerman. May 6, 1903... {Tate Gin Co : 253 ANES A eee Marveil. May 11, 19032. :|Tilles Real Estate Col 202 eee eee Fort Smith. July 10, 1903.:. .{T yier Construction Coos 2) cede 1 oe eee Batesville. Sept. 29, 1903 . . (Tri-State Telephone Co... . 0... coi ee cee ene / Osceola. Sept. 29. 1903; : [Toland (CH. L.)& Co: ev Ue eee eee 'Ashdown. Nov. 19,1903: -|T wen Cen Grantte Co Fees eee Little Rock. Nov:\25,/1903*: {Tupelo Mercantale Co: 2 3-2 Hoe eet eee 'Tupelo. Dec. 14,1903 4. Texarkana Delivery Co..22 222 Js eee ee eee Texarkana. Jan. 19, 1904. 4 Terry Bros: Drug Cos. oe ee eee ae Prescott. Feb. 8, 1904... Tiger Bros. & Levine Mercantile Co Manila. Feb. 9, 1904. ...) f'rimmes (The): Enterprise; Co 3y2 Be eee oe March 571904°2., Twin. City Lumbec Co.>; .-. o2sk see eee eee exarkana. April 4, 1904 ... Twin (The) Mounds Oil & Mining Co 'Fort Smith. April 28, 1904 . {Texas Crude Oi & Mining Co 3224 Seu eee Murfreesboro. April 30, 1904 ; jT win Gity Bank. 3.2 See ee eee Aree July 21, 1904 .. Travelers Fire Insurance Co 0-- Pine Bluff. Aug. 10, 1904... {Trout Creek Lumber Co. 22222258 t ae ee ee ee Stamps. Sept. 1,:1904 ..: [Traders Gin Cow. s See Se ae ee eee Blytheville. Dec. 5,1902.4.. {United Oil & Soap Co 2... 2 ee ee eee |Camden. Dec. 11,1902). [Union Saw Mill Co's, 20852 aces eee eee 'Lapile. Jane 8,1903 4. . {Union Trust Co; 3 eee ee Little Rock. Nov. 24, 1903 . Union County Fruit Growers Association ! El Dorado. Dec. 17, 1903. . Union Real Estate & Building Co Texarkana. Sept: 22,1904). (Union Depot Land. Co :25355.30 0 Ses Se ee eee Little Rock. / Jan. 28,1903 1. Vaugimn Absteact Co... 5 o>. Fe. a0 eee bee Lockesburg. Feb: 21, 1903... |Van Buren County Bank.)2. 22 225.50 se eee Lincoln. July 7,.1903 242) Victoria Bank? 55. oe och ee eee Victoria. Ang.29 1903 322 [Valley Savings Bank) f6 is eee eee ' Little Rock. Sept. 451903; .<|Varner Construction Co ck. oe eet eee eee Little Rock. Dec. 14, 1903... \Valley Planing Mall Cote oe eee eee Hot Springs. Jan. 11, 1904 .. .)Van Buren Development Co Van Buren. Oct.3,,.19022. c Wirems Drie Cory. 0 actus Bee a Ee ae El Dorado. Oct. 18, 1902 .. Washburn Patent Specialties Co ] New zx Jan: 12, 1903 <Y.|Wood (Geo. BR) Dry Goods Cote te ee /Van Buren. jan. 29, 1903 2 AW intehall Mercantile Con oe ee ee eee Askew. Feb. 20, 1903:"; .|_WaleottTelephone Cal: 2.42953 520i eee Walcott. March 10, 1902 AWidener Gin Co.) 6g; eb. Le Widener. March 11, 1903". Wisner Cotton Ca 28 3h eee eee ' Hopefield. March 18. 1903 .|White River Cooperage Co acksonport. March 18;1903 .)White River Cotton Oi Co7sce2 2 a eee eee atesville. March 23, 1903 . Walnut Ridge Mercantile Co Walnut Ridge. April 2,-1903'-> . Wilson (W:. W.) Stave Co ee eee Little Rock. April 4, 1908 (White Oak Stave Co. 35-3... bee ee eee Camden. April. 6,:1903:23:.{ Waldron Hardware Cote 4? eee eee Waldron. April 9,1903 2:2 |}Wood-Fiber Plaster Co.' 0. tee ee Siloam Springs. April 11, 1903 .. Wood (G. G:) Coal Co) Fite a oe ee Little Rock. May 16, 1903... {White Lumber CoWibs. side tke ee ee Little Rock. May 19, 1903 (Winn Gin Co. 4-026 1 Lo er Russellville. June 8, 1903 Washington County Bank & Trust Company Fayetteville. June 13.1903 .. Watertown (The) Hardwood lumber Goes) 058 Black Rock.

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List Of All Corporations,

Except Railroads, Organized in this State from October 1, 1902, to October 1,

Date of Filing,

June 24,1903 .. Jutys, 1900... July 7, 1903... . July 11, 1903 July 13, 1903... July 20, 1903... July 22,1903. . Aug. 20, 1903 . Sept. 5,1903... Sept. 9,1903... Oct. 10, 1903 .. ; Oct. 19, 1903 .. Oct. 22, 1903 .. hoe 16,1904...

arch 8, 1904 .. March 22, 1904 . March 23, 1904 . April 2, 1904 .. June 23, 1904 . Aug. 2,1904 ..

Aug. 22, 1904

May 4, 1903

Dec. 19, 1903 April 5, 1904

Aug. 6, 1903

Name of Corporation. Location. Wallace Surface Cattle Guard Co Helena. Whitlow: Williams Drug COU. so. os. ees cee tee Fayetteville.

BEVPGoCTIttiy SLAVE COM ore ae aera ee od tees Biscoe. MWiontan s investment Cow see es css ae Bee fides Stuttgart.

erwesterd PiehCOls fe Pieces eat a eee es Fort Smith.

Western Grove Telephone Co 2.- Western Grove.

Mm Winthtap.(stt Oo Maas ao ate oes es. BB hosts ates Winthrop.

BOW PHP CEE). GST COs eae eee he ed Oe Russellville. Wiv2et! he) Colicge esis con ote cae Nek eh ess Paragould. 'Walnut Ridge & Hoxie Light, Power & Trans. Co...| Walnut Ridge. Wiorle Gibey PuplishinaeCotee.: es. Saar ee fe Helena

PENS Itt MEAT eCO Milne chim eo os ae ke £P ane ea Wilmar.

a Wantiearic. ce latimber Go oe ee. oss oo vataeee eee Stamps.

WA ree: Drege Colt ait No rug eee Se sl iee 8 2 , Waldron. PWWeidOmtaitL. Coo seis oan ies Cvs ee FO Weldon. bWwihrtmore Plantation Vote sees ot cic ees et eae Whitmore. PWashmetonbiotel Cowie so fe. be ope ieee Fayetteville. /Winerva Mercantile & Development Co Winerva. PIVLESEAINC Phe) Goes kee Je Pee Fe ays ae Pine Bluff. aiWelddupiymixon Co- (The) 922 2205 os eee Marianna. . .|Will-Ducket Mercantile Co... 0 22200% Blevins.

BY OCONS Cetioe MME COS te ore as So eee tee es Bonair.

Land &Pownsite Co .. 22235 6302 oe ae ose Yellville.

She Outen Catrind tte Sore og eo see tise te wade. Yocum.

AEE ESCHUIM IDGTEL EAS href Sada Ja Soden Os eno Yellville.

MPL SOCOIUE OLE CO, ee ee Meee Cr ee eee Texarkana.

Little Rock

April 23, 1904 .. Zinc, Pemstn MA tte Coons oe ca eats hase aie Little Rock.

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Cotton.

Bales CoTTon RAISED IN ARKANSAS IN 1903.

Counties.

Com wa ystts Solis eis his Siti nce Aa oto ote ae Te ee Ree ere ec Craighead 2 ieee 5 i's atm abe aren incase} pape kseneoe tae tease 2a eae ot etek Crawford Fest cc Ba rete Becticns Hotes Maeda ty Cece he kan Reco ae Crittendenecte Mine vs ero ee a ot ok ee a

Pavillemets. sie eek wk She See Ate ole berciies miele eC oBRLce ayaa ne ears Eps Pranklind ecg tok tat token Seis AER Cee ened ae eee eee #.) clit cue arene

Greene i)... 63 ogee Ji eies cosas Gis lekcvetn ters [ote tes, Gre Suet toh asi. Fane a een Herripsteadiscicict fos wect caren esuel tea eit beget tele. oft hater seis case a Hot Spring vas sides cue tin a ae oi aro alte aupecnie tess Ue Re A eric Pa era Lote Cre O a Ar ce eee Cig Main sy mere tei en shy wero Mae bye Bhs oA as Independence ss cbse, oieetciteses site: ie! Rete ek ie tes © elle coast a ebeatelae frie net attics Tard Re £5 Se aa aes ee ee pe nee oe Sl

Lafayette: "alta SS ee ete tee ate al oe, Saal a) ais eR Re Ta LA Wrence ss ee eke ee Bn a Ae

NOihavorol bse ean Ay ie OR ESE PT PRT EAA tk eA Md er

Monroe ss ee see ey esareh beac lees oR coe Teele RM a a rice aa

Newada dete ee ae ks eae eee oe le a ee ee Newtonian Bee ea eae eek her ol ke cee acai ee ee ee Otiach ita ees ee sie Oo ty eo et ee eae re tae tee Ae eo Perry lee ire eee ete Sten aie ame oie Toei) MIRROR Arar AIRE ONL ae hea

PHOS lle e He en oe ta ee oe ee a ete Picea 2px iN Dee oie ee IR ecco ats OME daa a ee ae Poinsett 3 Pec ec, ale lee re nae ae, Mew) con rr ce

Palas. ee Tse hea eerie eg TTS AER le EN RA il oe te

Sears 5.5 esi a ee eee cele eed irre ee ee

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Cotton.

Ba.es Cotton IN 1903.—Concluded.

Counties.

Seusae! Ss 4.9 bie eke, ©. e, e ce Sea Sire B wel) Bre 0 6 we Oe e Sire) © 00 eh w 0s, OX6 fe a ere

CURR T Sis Clb leis, Gis 6 6. bie se) se 8.6 ale se 0 0 oe 6s 6's Cre @ cis le & es 8 e ¥ 6 90

Rites MW ah et #0868 le Pele ecb eR uereh che © ¢./e) o's) 9) 6G (06 le kecwm Ge 6F6 fh et H.l6)\4 © oF BL, at

ee eS ee ee Me, BLS Ow See Le ene Se en Clee tele ow a em pelle Feuille + os fe eee) wae Sith

7 Ste08 Wigars Glee eo @ @ S ed a Cone 6 ¢ Suef ce 6 68 6 0 6 eee sree ee) 6 ys as8 0 © 8 6

Sete! 6 lure a6, 6 0) Spee le (er whe Ob e 84) e (a: ea))0) 0.0. 86's @ ULe ene of 6. S70) 6 0) 6 els aie

Ae Ud w eee Sele' ® la, 6) 6) eee 6 5O''s Sie le ale 6) 6 4.6 08 Wide! G's 0 Cee 6 4 Of 8

Bales

14,087 4,248

10,435 21,487 13,937

970,205

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Ostrich Farming In Arkansas.

The newest, most novel and interesting industry of Arkansas, viz: Ostrich farming, may now be said to be well established.

Visitors at the great Hot Springs of our State may now have the pleasure of seeing a beautiful ostrich farm; located only a short distance from the city, and which now forms one of the many attractions of this wonderful City of Vapors. On this farm at present is found a troop of magnificent birds. The proprietor, Mr. W. Cockburn, takes great interest in explaining the process of raising, etc. to visitors, and feels much encouraged by the success attained so far.

A portion of this season's increase was obtained by the process of artificial incubation, though about half the number were hatched by the parent bird, who take it turn about setting—the female setting in the day time, and the male setting at night.

Although the surrounding country is admirably adapted to its growth, the proprietor has found it very difficult to obtain the quality and quantity of food necessary to supply him. A very paying product for the farmers of that section of the State to grow in the future is alfalfa hay and some good sugar beets; for some tons of these products will be required monthly at the Ostrich Farm, if the flock continues to increase as the proprietor expects. This farm is a most interesting place to visit. It is being much improved, beautified and enlarged; and is beginning to be one of the greatest attractions of Hot Springs' visitors. This new adventure should be encouraged in every way possible, for the enterprise shown by the proprietor has involved the expenditure of a large amount

The place is a model, up-to-date farm, having water works of its own; the pumping, feed-cutting, and bonechopping machinery being worked by electricity. Guides are always provided visitors, who are given full explanations of everything connected with the farm.

A most interesting department is the feather showroom and: salesroom, where the beautiful product obtained from these magnificent birds are shown and offered for sale, in every shape, size and color. Different articles from fans to muffs and parasols being turned out, also opera wraps, boas, capes and plumes of every dimension.

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Horticulture.

The geological formation of northwestern Arkansas is precisely that which is required for the growing of perfect and well-flavored fruit of the apple varieties. The best apples of the United States and the world grow in localities where the carboniferous, subcarboniferous and the silurian rocks make up the composition of the soil, and in northwestern Arkansas from the Missouri line southward to the Arkansas River, we find these conditions, and have limestone of the cherty, flinty and cave character in the Ozarks that are peculiarly well adapted to the erowing and maturing of these fine fruits, and have secured them the premiums in all competitions wherever exhibited for the past fifteen years. E,ven at the World's Fair at Paris, in 1900, Arkansas apples were awarded a number of gold medals.

The rock formations especially fitted for the culture of the peach are somewhat different in character, for peaches and other stone fruits require more iron in the soil, and being of a semi-tropical habit need a light, sandy, ferruginous soil to mature them to perfection, and this condition is met with in Arkansas south of the Arkansas River, in the quartz belt of the State, and there it is where the peach thrives and flourishes.

While the pear is similar in its geological requirements to the apple, it thrives best and is more free from disease in a well sub-drained sandy loam, and its natural habit being under more temperate conditions than the apple, it will grow anywhere in Arkansas where subsoils are not of an impervious nature.

There is no part of the State where berries and grapes are not indigenous. There is, therefore, no reason why every home in Arkansas should not be provided with the luxury of a grape arbor and a strawberry, raspberry or blackberry patch.

The growing of fruits for profit, however, depends mainly upon the markets you can reach with your products, and it is in this that Arkansas has advantages of no mean import, Denver, St. Paul, Kansas City, Lincoln, Sioux City, Chicago, St Louis, even Salt Lake City, being prominent among the purchasers of Arkansas apples and small fruits, and the larger cities of our neighboring State, Texas, draw their supply of fruits of all kinds mainly from the northwestern part of Arkansas.

9 epee

This advantage has been early recognized by some of the more enterprising of our agriculturists, and to such an extent has the little beginning of the horticultural industry grown that, while only a few years ago not more than twenty-five crates per day were shipped to St. Louis and Western markets, now many car loads are sent in all directions daily during the season.

As a fruit region this State has been termed by the United States pomologist "the seedling ground of America," having produced more valuable seedling apples than any other part of the country. Not only have apples made our State noted by their excellence, but we rank equally high as a grape and berry region.

In regard to Arkansas as a grape growing region, a volume might be written, and then its advantages remain untold. Our climate and soil combined produce a quality of fruit that has attracted the attention of the vineyardist both in this country and Europe. Nicholas Longworth, of Ohio, father of the wine industry in this country, found erowing wild in the Arkansas River Valley a variety that he introduced in his vineyard, considering it superior to any he had in cultivation for making wine. In our mountain regions grapes suitable for the table have been found of such unusual excellence as to call for a special report from the United States Department of Agriculture as early as 1859.

He who plants a tree, plants hope, joy, peace and love. As a rule, all men pursue whatever calling they may choose in life for the money there is in it, and those who plant orchards are no exception. But, in my opinion, there 1s no vocation like that of horticulture, in so far as it has a refining, elevating and purifying influence on men's thoughts, desires and actions.

Schiller says: "Where they sing, sit down in peace, for bad men have no songs." With equal truth, it may be said, where men plant trees there make thy home, for horticulture is the joy of life. If the attainment of happiness and not the accumulation of wealth or the acquirement of fame is the true measure of success in life, surely the fruit grower should be an object of envy. He is the happiest of all mortals, especially so when his orchard is free from debt, and he is under no financial obligations to his fellowmen. But, unfortunately, it is often the case that a man, after planning, working, watching and waiting for years, his efforts are not requitted in time to enable him to reap the

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reward so justly due him. Crops, when most expected, fail to materialize, but cultivation and pruning must continue, labor must be paid, his money gives out, he goes in debt; a mortgage covers the orchard, foreclosure takes place, and some other fellow reigns where he had been a king. That is what is called the dark side of horticultural life, and there is no happiness in that. No man without lofty sentiments in his composition can ever be a successful horticulturist. A man must have a love for the business to make it a real success. He must know and regard his trees as his friends, and nurse and watch them as a fond mother does her children, and when finally his reward comes in the shape of bounteous crops of big red apples and yellow peaches that bring the dollars in abundance, what sweet thoughts arise, how calm the reflections, how the heart swells up in thanksgiving and praise to God the giver of all good things. That is the bright side of horticulture.

The materialist, who sees only the dollar side of the business, and who by "short cuts likes to turn a penny," or by "tricks of trade, beats a friend," is out of place in an orchard. He is the fellow who puts the big apples on top and the little ones in the middle of the barrel, and disgraces the noble calling of horticulture.

Arkansas is the paradise of the horticulturist. It is the birthplace of a greater variety of fine seedling apples than any other State in the Union, and a State that bears the most scrutinizing inspection of the very highest authorities.

THE HIGHER UP THEY ARE IN POSITION, THE STRONGER THEIR TESTIMONY TO THE FRUIT PRODUCING POWERS OF ARKANSAS.

Professor H. EF. Van Deman, United States Pomologist at Washington, D. C., says:

"No man living can account for the production of choice seedling apples in Arkansas. An orchardist in the North might plant a bushel of apple seeds and the chances are against his producing one valuable variety, while in Arkansas if he planted a quart, a score or more valuable seedling apples would be the result. We state an established fact, and let the wise ones do the explaining."

Arkansas apples have taken first prize for best apples in competition with 22,000 plates. First prize at World's

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Fair, New Orleans, 1885, for best collection. 'Wilder Medal" for best seedling apple, the first prize at Riverside, Cal. First award, World's Fair, Chicago, 1898. First prize at Cotton States and International Exposition at Atlanta, Ga., 1895.

The following list usually appears at our exhibition, supplemented by more than one hundred seedling varieties: Farly Harvest, Maiden Blush, Red Astrachan, Summer Queen, Alexander, Tetofsky, Early Joe, Early Strawberry, Early Red Margaret, Transcendent, Horse, Yellow May, Missouri Pippin, Yellow Transparent, Lady Finger, Rambo, Red June, Sweet Bough, Fall Queen, Oxhart, Wagner, Mammoth Pippin, Michael Henry, Shannon, Wine Sap, Northern Spy, Ben Davis, Hubbardson, Newton Pippin, (green), Newton Pippin (yellow), McAfee, Pryor's Red, Jeniten Red, Winter, Sweet, Shockley, Ingram, Rhode Island, Greening, Rome Beauty, Baskin's Red, Esopus Spitzberger, Royal Red, Willow Twig, American Golden Russet, Roxberry Russet, English Russet, Arkansas Beauty, Gilpin Lawror, White Pippin, Nickajack, Smith Cider, - Roman Stem, Autumn Strawberry, Grimes' Golden, Hall's Seedling, Huntsman Favorite, Arkansas Black, Baldwin, Worthen, Kentucky Streak, Vendevere, Shocklow, Hatcher, White Winter, Fearmain, Yellow Bellflower, Gloria Mundi, Capp's Mammoth, Pound Pippin, Twenty Ounce, Fall Pippin, Schale's Seedling, Gill's Beauty, Croffelt's Red, Western Beauty, St. Lawrence, Lady Sweet, Tallman Sweet, Large Red Crab, Transcendent Crab, Virginia Greening, Pennock, Buncomb, Fallwatér, Golden Pippin, Buff, Fisher, Red Winter, Taunton, Seek-no-Further, Rhenish, May, Western Beauty, Coffet's Red Star, Mammoth Sweet, Golden Winter, Tune, Brightwater, Stephenson, Golden, Elkhorn, Bently, Peck's Pleasant, Wilson's Pippin, Russell's Red Streak Paschal, Buckingham, Philadelphia, Graft, McClellan, Black Detroit, Wade's Swaar, McCaleb Tullahee, Pennsylvania Cider, Cole's Red Streak, Crawford Pippin, King Tompkins County, Porter, Reed's Sweet, Clark's Bed, Cole's Permain, Blue Permain, Kendrick's Golden, Green Stripe, Nugent's Pippin, Jonathan, Sweet Rambo, Clark's Stripe, Domine, Newton Spitzbergen, Jersey Red, Fisher Seedling and Babcock.

Pears—Outside of the State of Washington we concede no superiority, and here, only in a few varieties. 'The most successful are: Bartlett, Tyson, Beurre d'Anjou, Vicar of Wakefield, Onondago, Duchess d'Angouleme,

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Osband's Summer, Lawrence, Bennie Clairgau, Jefferson, Le Conte, Flemish Beauty, Clapp's Favorite, Howell, Buffman, Bloodgood, Doyenne d'Ete, Beurre, Easter, Sekel d'Aremberg, Early Harvest, Keiffer.

Peaches—In the mountain protected sections there has not been an absolute failure-in thirty-five years. The favorite varieties are: Arkansas Traveler, Wilder, Piquet's Late, Emelia, Elberta, Stump the World, Early Tillotson, Gray's Held On, Early Rivers, Salway, Porter, Mixon Cling, Beer's Smock, Brigg's May, F. St. John, Thurber, Nix's Late, Alexander, Columbia, Wheatland, Ringold, Chinese Cling, Harris' Early, Amsden, Mixon Free, Blood Cling, Lady Ingold, General Lee, Susquehanna, Crawford's Early, Crawford's Late, Lemon Cling, Heath Cling, Shumaker.

Grapes—Arkansas is the home of the grape, and where tame varieties are planted the wild ones must be grubbed up. All the newer varieties are cultivated with more or less success. The favorite varieties are: Ives Seedling, Champion, Lenoir, Concord, Martha, Herbmont, Black July, Elvira, Delaware, Louisiana, Cunningham, Hermann, Norton's Virginia, Cynthiana, Lady Neosho, Prentiss.

A bottle of Arkansas red wine took the prize at Vienna, in competition with the most prominent vintages of Europe.

Cultivation, Of Orchards.

If orchards are to be made profitable, they must receive as good care as other crops.

Good drainage, natural or artificial, is essential to success. 'Trees are impatient of wet feet.

Well drained lands are dryer in wet spells and moister in dry spells than other lands. They can be worked earlier in spring.

Good tillage increases the food supply of the soil, and also conserves its moisture.

Trees should be made to send their roots deep into the soil, in order to fortify themselves against drought. This is done by draining the soil, and by plowing the orchard rather deep.

This deep plowing should begin the very year the trees are set out, and it should be continued every spring until the habit of the tree is established.

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Moisture is retained in the upper soil by very frequent but. shallow tillage, by means of which the surface of the land becomes a mulch for the soil beneath.

Tillage should be begun just as soon as the ground is dry enough in spring.

This tillage should be repeated as often as once in ten days throughout the growing season, which extends from spring until July or August.

Tillage should not exist for the purpose of killing weeds. Weeds have taught the most important lesson in agriculture, tc be sure, but the schoolmaster should now be able to retire.

Late cultivation may be injurious by inducing a late growth. At all events, it can be of small utility when the trees begin to mature and rains become frequent. This season of respite gives the grower the opportunity of raising a green manure, and of adding fertility to his land at trifling expense, and with no harm to his trees.

Fall plowing may be advisable for farm crops, but it should generally be discouraged in orchards. The land in orchards should be left compact in the fall, and it is advisable to cover it with some close herbage.

Only cultivated crops should be allowed in orchards early in the season. Grain and hay should never be grown.

Even hoed or cultivated crops may rob the trees of moisture and fertility if they are allowed to stand above the tree roots.

Cultivators are the best crap to raise in an orchard.

Sod is sometimes allowable in apple and standard pear orchards, but never in other fruit plantations; but even then it should be pastured closely with sheep or hogs. Ii the stock is fed at the same time the land will fare better.

Watch a sod orchard. It will begin to fail before you — know it.

The remedy for apple failure is to cut down many of the orchards. For the remainder, the treatment is cultivation, fertilizing, spraying—the trinity of orthodox apple growing.

In general, level culture is best. The modern cultivators and harrows make such cultivation easy.

Trees, especially apples, are often trained too high, because of the difficulty of working close to them. Modern tools will bring the heads within reach.

Harness with no projecting hames, or metal turrets, should be used in bearing orchards. Those requiring no whiffletrees are also useful.

Potash is the chief fertilizer to be applied to fruit trees, particularly after they come into bearing.

Potash. may be had in wood ashes and muriate of potash. It is most commonly used in the latter form. An annual application of potash should be made upon bearing orchards. Of the muriate, from 500 to 700 pounds may be used to the acre in mature orchards.

Phosphoric acid is the second important fertilizer to be applied artificially to orchards. It may be got as plain, high-grade, superphosphate (dissolved South Carolina rock), in the bone fertilizers, and perhaps in Thomas slag. Of the plain superphosphates, from 300 to 500 pounds my be applied to the acre.

Nitrogen can be obtained cheapest by means of thorough tillage (to promote nitrification) and nitrogenous green manures. 'There is rarely occasion for buying it for fruit plantations, if the lands are properly tilled and cropped.

Nitrogen promotes growth. It should, therefore, be used with some caution, for orchard trees should be grown for fruit rather than for timber.

Barn manures are generally more economically used when applied to farm crops than when applied to orchards, yet they can be used with good results, particularly when rejuvenating old orchards.

In general, the commercial complete fertilizers are less rational for orchards than a fertilizer made for the occasion out of materials evidently needed by the trees; but the complete fertilizers give much better results than the prevailing indifference and neglect.

Cultivation may be stopped Ite in the season, and a crop can then be sown upon the land. This crop may serve as a cover or protection to the soil, and as a green manure.

A green manure improves the soil, by adding fiber to it and by increasing its fertility. It catches the nitrates which, earlier in the season, are used by the tree roots. Vegetable fiber in the soil increases its power of holding both moisture and plant food.

The crops well adapted to this late sowing are few. But everything points to crimson clover as the ideal orchard clover and green manure.

The gist of it all is that orchards should be cultivated and fed. Cultivation should begin early, and be continued often. It may be stopped in August, if the grower thinks best, and then, if the land needs it, a green crop may be sown for turning under the next spring.

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If a tree be properly pruned during the summer season there is really very little for winer pruning to accomplish. It is the strong, vigorous growth of trees that takes the nourishment away from the weaker growth. In ordi-. nary garden language, "strong shoots or sprouts on trees are robbers,' and they should be pinched back or pulled off; the vigor of the tree is then thrown into the weaker shoots. In this way any part of a tree that is naturally weak can be made strong. 'This point can be illustrated by the way in which street trees are trimmed. 'They are usually cut in the winter time, the chief reason being at that time there is little work for men to do, and it is natural to recommend as the best time that in which they can find no employment, but it must be within the experience of everyone, that the branches shoot out all the stronger at that point where the tops are cut away. By reason of the cutting away of these tops and lower branches, that which we wish to strengthen becomes still weaker. This must be frequently experienced, but if, after a tree has been trimmed in winter, in the manner referred to, these strong sprouts, which in summer following the cutting were pulled out after they had grow a few inches, the sap would then be thrown into the lower branches.

Cotton Seed—What Shall We Do With. Them ?

By subjecting them to the treatment of the oil mull, one ton of seed yields the following average amounts of products:

One ton (2,000 pounds) of cotton seed gives:

Pa le ee rah ry sai orate aie ak ete plete anes pce en 850 lbs. Laritérs (shorts tint vee, vee oe tele tee eee de 25 lbs Mealeas tert is, ts oo aa A ia Nee aa ak aes 725 Ibs. Oils a7agallonereccnke cj cs ins choke eee ee ate 275 lbs. Loss; (dusts water. cteo)) cacaaay atte e keene 125 lbs.

2,000 lbs.

Cotton Seed And Products For Weerd:

Hulls—The hulls from the seed were formerly much used for fuel for running the engines at the oil mills, and may occasionally be used for that purpose yet; but the main demand for them is for feeding beef cattle, cows and sheep, a demand to which the supply is not equal. It is becoming the rule for cattle to be fattened for beef at or

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near the mills in the South during the winter on hulls and meal. We can make no close estimate of the number thus fed, but they certainly run into the hundreds of thousands. Hulls and meal are,among the main feeds for fattening cattle in this section and they are important factors in the feeding of milk cows.

The value of a feed depends on its composition, digestibility and palatability. The palatibility of hulls is shown by the fact that animals eat them readily and with relish. The chemical analysis of hulls, and their actual digestibility (solubility in the animal juices), as determined by a number of experiments with cattle and sheep, show them to be worth from one-half to two-thirds as much as the

ordinary grass hays.

Mcal—The greatest use and value of the meal is as a feed. It is acknowledged everywhere to have few equals and no superior as a concentrated feed for beef cattle and dairy cows. Numerous feeding experiments have shown it to produce pound for pound more milk and butter when fed to milk cows, and more growth and gain in fattening animals, than corn or corn meal, and generally more than wheat bran, linseed meal, and other common concentrated feeds. It stands at the head of concentrated feeds, and I say this after a number of years of investigation of the subject and an extensive study of experiments in comparison with other feeds. f

We may quote here profitably some of the experiments bearing on this point: "In four years' experiments at the Pennsylvania station, mixtures of corn meal and cotton seed meal with coarse foods, produced better and cheaper gains than corn meal alone with the same coarse foods, cotton seed meal replacing more than its own weight of corn meal in the rations and reducing the amount of food required to produce a pound of gain.' At the Texas station, "In three years' experiments in fattening one hundred and sixty Texas steers and eight cows on cotton seed products, in different rations, in comparison with each other and with corn, obtained results in all cases indicating the superior feeding qualities of cotton: seed products over corn." Carefully conducted experiments at the Mississippi Experiment station gave' similar results to those obtained in Texas and Pennsylvania. Nine of these experiments, covering four winters feeding at the Pennsylvania

M—10

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station and two at the Mississippi station, furnished valuable information as to the comparative feeding value, pound for pound, of cotton seed meal and corn. They show that one pound of cotton seed meal produced in the same rations as much beef as 1.34 pounds to 2 pounds of corn meal, the average being a pound of cotton seed meal to 1.73 pounds of corn meal. This means (as an average of results) that one ton of cotton seed meal is worth as much for feeding for beef as 1.73 tons of corn meal or corn, and that where corn is worth 40 cents per bushel ($14.20 per ton), cotton seed meal is worth $24 per ton. These figures are very significant for Southern farmers and stock growers; and they are founded on actual experiments with animals and should be better understood than they are in the home of the cotton seed.

It should be remembered that cotton seed meal is a very rich, concentrated feed, which cannot be fed alone and must be fed with care and judgment in all cases. With coarse, bulky feeds like cotton seed hulls, the grass hays, and the corn plant, meal makes most excellent rations. For fattening steers three or four pounds of meal per day are given at first, and all the hulls or hay that the animal will eat without waste. The quantity of meal is increased gradually to six, eight and ten pounds per animal per day, with hulls or hay or both as before. The best proportion of meal and hulls, as indicated by a great many experiments, are one pound of meal to three to four pounds of hulls after the feeding is well in progress and the animals have become accustomed to the diet.

Comparative Value Of Cotton Seed And Corn.

The cotton seed is not understood in its home in the South as it should be, neither is its feeding value fully appreciated. We do not know how to feed cotton seed as well as we do its products, meal and hulls, and I do not consider that we know the feeding value of the seed as well as we do that of hulls and meal. Cotton seed are not so readily eaten as its products are, especially meal. Nevertheless, we know them to be valuable feed, and there is quite a considerable array of data obtained from experiments that show that, pound for pound, cotton seed is fully equal in feeding value to corn. At the Texas station cotton seed in rations produced cheaper and more rapid

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gains for short periods (about thirty days) than corn or cotton seed meal, but the seed loaded the animals with fat so quickly that the rate of laying on flesh was greatly decreased in long periods. Raw and boiled seed at $7 per ton made much cheaper, but smaller gains than cotton seed meal at $20 per ton, and the rations with corn were the dearest ones fed. From two of these experiments we find that one pound of cotton seed meal equals in feeding value, beef producing value, 1.21 pounds of corn; and at the Mississippi station one pound of cotton seed was found to be equal to 1.06 pounds of corn and cob meal. Averaging this and the Texas results, we get one pound of cotton seed equal to 1 to 1.13 pounds of corn meal. This means that one ton of cotton seed is worth as much for producing growth in beef animals as 1.13 tons of corn or corn meal, and that when corn is worth 40 cents per bushel ($14.20 per ton), cotton seed is worth $16 per ton, of 24.2 cents per bushel of thirty pounds.

Comparative Feeding Value Of Cotton Seed Meal And Seed.

A great many experiments have shown cotton seed meal to produce, pound for pound, more beef than cotton seed, but only a limited number of these experiments are of such a kind as to enable us to arrive at anything like a definite idea of the relative beef producing powers of the two. 'Two experiments at the Texas station, already referred to, and one at the Mississippi station, show one pound of cotton seed meal to have produced as much beef as 1.54, 1.35 and 1.50 pounds of cotton seed respectively. As an average of the three experiments, 1 pound of cotton seed meal produced as much beef as 1.47 pounds cotton seed. Taking this comparative feeding value as the basis, 1 ton of cotton seed meal will produce as much beef as 1.47 tons cotton seed, and when cotton seed meal is worth $22 per ton (about the present price at the oil mills) cotton seed are worth for producing beef $14.96 per ton, or 22.4 cents per bushel. :

It is not to be assumed that results exactly the same as those given on the preceding pages for the comparative feeding values of corn, cotton seed and cotton seed meal will be obtained in all feeding trials. The figures given represent averages and results reasonably close to them may

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be expected in good feeding. Attention must, of course, be given to combining the feeds properly so as to get the most out of them all.

It is also to be borne in mind that the feeding value of any product is comparative, and that the price will rise and fall with the change in market price of the standard feed of the section used for comparison and with the price of the products—beef or milk and butter—into which it is converted. Corn has been used as the standard feed with which to convey an idea of the feeding values of cotton seed and cotton seed meal for beef, because the feeding value of corn is so well understood in a practical way and appreciated by farmers. It does not necessarily follow that feeding beef animals on corn at 40 cents per bushel would result in a profit to the feeder, but that when corn can be thus fed cotton seed and meal are profitable at the prices assigned to them for the same purpose.

Cotton Seed And Meal As Fertilizers.

Meal is much used as a source of ammonia in commercial fertilizers in the cotton States, and the seed are used directly by farmers for fertilizer in no small quantity. A ton each of cotton seed and meal contain ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash (on basis of values given in these constituents in this State) to the value of:

One ton (2,000 pounds) cotton seed contains:

Ammonia, 75 lbs) at"i27cents.. estes eee eee $ 9.00 Phosphoric acid, 26 lbs? ata cents.. sae. eee 1.04 Potash;.24 /IbsAat5,.cents; a: 2 cicees aomene ete hee a ete 1.20

Fertilizing value of a ton of cotton seed $11.24

One ton (2,000 pounds) cotton seed meal contains :

Ammonia.,£70 IDSA 12:cents eee ieee ees en eee $20.40 Phosphoriciacid,"50 bstraterrcents; sony ies a ee ee 2.24 Potash, 36 dbssat scents cgi orn pha dia fe cine tent 1.80

Fertilizing value one ton cotton seed meal $24.44

It takes 2 3-4 tons of seed to make one ton of meal.

Basis Of Exchange.

Considerable quantities of seed are exchanged at the oil mills for meal, 2 tons of seed being usually given for

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1 ton of meal, though some mills this season are giving 1,100 pounds of meal for 2,000 pounds of seed.

It has been seen that one ton of cotton seed contains $11.24 worth of ammonia, phosphoric acid, and potash. What quantity of meal contains these constituents to the same value?

Nine hundred and twenty pounds meal contains:

PV OMotiia 7k yl ora tele" CENTS ence eka ee vee $ 9.38 PHospuoricrs ctu 25:70 10S) at 4, Cents... ses cee hake 108 POriseicyUpliqeat ase CentSs1. cate cers soins shaves os e's .83

Fertilizing value of 920 lbs. cotton seed meal.. $11.24

From a great number of carefully conducted experiments by different experiment stations, we arrive at the following conclusions:

1. That 1 pound of cotton seed meal is worth as much as 1 3-4 pounds of corn or corn meal for feeding beef cattle and milk cows, and that when corn is worth 40 cents per bushel ($14.20 per ton), cotton seed meal is worth $24.60 per ton for the above purposes.

2. That 1 pound of cotton seed meal is worth as much as 1 1-2 pounds of cotton seed for feeding beef cattle and milk cows, and that in exchanging seed for meal for feeding 1 1-2 tons of seed should be given for 1 ton of meal. This does not include anything for cost of making the exchange.

3. That 1 pound of cotton seed is as valuable as 1.13 pounds corn or corn meal for feeding beef cattle and milk cows, and that when corn is worth 40 cents per bushel of 56 pounds, cotton seed are worth 24.2 cents per bushel of 80 pounds for the above purposes.

4. That cotton seed and meal make good beef and milk, and also good butter, when properly combined with other feeds.

5. That cotton seed and meal have not been fed. to any extent to horses and mules, and cannot be safely fed to hogs and young calves.

6. That a ton of cotton seed contains ammonia, phosphoric acid, and potash to the value of $11.24, and a ton of meal has these same constituents to the value of $24.44.

7. That 920 pounds of meal contain as much fertilizing materials, in value, as 1 ton of 2,000 pounds of seed, and that the farmer in exchanging 1 ton of seed for 1-2 ton of meal gets 80 pounds of meal to cover the cost of hauling and making the exchange.

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(We are indebted for this article on cotton seed to the

able report of Dr. B. W. Kilgore, of the Bureau of Agriculture, of North Caroline.

Agriculture. Corn.

Since the arrival of the first settlers within this State, corn has been one of the most important products of our soil. Its value as a food for both man and beast rendered its production an absolute necessity to life in Arkansas in the early days; and since our numerous lines of transportation have made is profitable to raise a surplus for market and for putting into marketable condition a surplus of cattle and hogs, thousands of our farmers have engaged in raising it on an extensive scale. The requirements of the plant admirably adapt it to our climate conditions, and the soft, alluvial soils of the smoother parts of the State, and the wide river and creek bottoms of the hill and mountain sections, produce immense yields of corn of first-class quality. Owing to the fact that better profits can be secured from other crops, but little corn is raised in Arkansas for shipment to points outside our State, the great mass of our farmers only aiming to raise sufficient to supply home demand. In average yield per acre our State stands well toward the head of the list of corn raising states, her crop for the year 1903 from iess than two million acres, aggregating more than 45,000,- 000 bushels of the grain. He who desires to embark in corn raising with the object of combining with it the feeding of cattle or hogs, or both, will find an inviting and profitable field in Arkansas. All of the eastern section of the State, a large proportion of the lands of extreme southwest and the bottom lands and many in the elevated table lands of western and northwestern Arkansas, will make ideal cornfields.

Cotton.

As wheat is to the Dakotas or corn to Iowa and Nebraska, so is cotton to the Middle South. It is the great staple of our latitude, and in all parts of Arkansas where the soil is highly fertile and susceptible of thorough cultivation, cotton is the leading cash crop. In localities where the soil is alluvial, such as is found in a greater portion of eastern and southern Arkansas and throughout the valleys

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of our streams, broad cotton fields are found on every hand, and in these fields Southern agriculture has reached its highest perfection so far as the cultivation of the soil is concerned. The fields of the successful cotton planters are as free from weeds and other foul growth as the onion beds of the Northern market gardener.

The primitive method of cotton raising is a simple matter, and unlike the methods employed in producing any other crop, and while modern machinery has undoubtedly initiated an era which will work great changes and greatly increase the profits of this industry, most of our planters, on account of local conditions, still cling to the old way. The first work preparatory to planting a field of cotton is to get rid of the old stalks, which is accomplished under the old method by knocking them down with heavy stick; under the new method the stalk cutter is used. The middles between the old rows are thrown out with a small plow and on this furrow the old bed is reversed, forming a new ridge beneath which is a very deep mellow root bed. Just before planting, the tops of these ridges are knocked off or smoothed down, by a roller, float or drag, - leaving a smooth summit, free from clods on which the seed is planted, usually in March or early in April, or as soon as the soil is in a condition to receive the seed. Immediately after planting is finished the unbroken middles are thrown out. This completes the turning of the soil, and then follows the cultivation of the crop. 'The seed is planted much thicker than the plant are desired to grow. After the middles are opened up, and before the plants begin to appear, it is a good plan to harrow the field thoroughly, especially on uplands, to pulverize the soil. As soon as the plants are up the soil is thrown away from the rows by the use of a bar-shear plow or scraper, and closely followed by the choppers, who, with hoes, thin out the plants to dis- - tances apart, in accord with the strength of the soil, at the same time carefully cut away the weeds and grass which may have appeared. 'The next work is to turn the soil back to the rows, taking care to bed it well up to the plants, and destroying all vegetation between the rows. After this working, the further cultivation depends upon the season and should be very shallow and as frequent as is necessary to keep the surface well pulverized and entirely free from weeds and grass, the harrow and the hoe being the best tools for the work. When the plants begin to branch, it is called

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"forming," then the "squares" appear, followed by blossoms, which in turn are followed by the "bolls," which contain the fiber or staple. As the plants mature the "bolls" burst and "open" exposing the fiber, and picking follows as fast as the number of open bolls will justify. When the season is favorable throughout and the fall late, three pickings are required to save to best advantage the "'bottom," "middle" and "top" crops. The yield ranges from a quarter to a bale of fiber or staple per acre, and the proportion of staple and seed is usually about one pound of the former to two of the latter. A bale usually weighs about 500 pounds. The present price of cotton is about 12 cents per pound and seed 75 cents per hundred; and it will be seen that from one acre which yielded a bale of cotton worth $60 and 1,000 pounds of seed, worth $7, the planter has a product worth $67. From this should be deducted the cost of ginning and baling about $3, leaving a net value of about $64. Cotton deteriorates but little from careful storage and can often be profitably held for favorable market.

The normal cotton crop of Arkansas is approximately 800,000 bales, which represents a total value for staple and seed of more than $40,600,000.

Cotton raising in Arkansas is a profitable industry and can be made doubly profitable if combined with diversified farming, stock and fruit growing.

Wheat.

To be able to raise his own:bread is naturally one of the first desires of the man who is seeking a farm home. While the farmers of Arakansas have never been heavy producers of wheat, yet in every community resides men who for many years have regularly planted and as regularly harvested bountiful yields of first-class grain and demonstrated beyond all doubt the perfect adaptability of our soil and climate to this product.

The only reason the writer has ever heard given by farmers for not raising more wheat is that the profits of wheat raising are not so large as those resultant from many other crops which are extensively raised in our section. The total acreage of wheat raised in Arkansas for the year 1903 was a little over 150,000 acres, and the yield ranging from five to thirty-five bushels per acre. Our best yields are invariably secured from our hill lands where the soil rests on a red clay foundation. On this class of land also the

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plant will stand heavy winter pasturage, which yields an additional profit for the farmer who combines stock raising with that of grain.

Gas:

Oats form one of the standard grain crops of Arkansas, and yield well on all our uplands. The winter varieties are most popular and yield the surest and largest returns. Turf oats, sown in October or early November, make a good growth before winter sets in, and can be relied upon to furnish the finest of green pasture all winter through and a good crop of grain the next spring, which matures in ample time to follow with corn or potatoes. Their cultivation is rapidly developing in all sections of the State and especially in those sections where the farmers are engaged in stock raising and dairying. The crop of 1903 yielded nearly ten million bushels.

Rye.

This is another crop which has never attracted the attention which adaptability to our soils merits for it. No other grain crop equals it in the amount of green pasture which it furnishes during the winter season. The yield of grain is heavy and is seldom cut short on account of unfavorable seasons or the depredations of insects. Its production and pasturage strengthen the soil and prevent leaching through the action of torrential rains, which are apt to occur in Southern climates in the winter time.

Beeb, ye

Little has been attempted beyond experimentation with this crop, because of lack of facilities for placing the grain in marketable condition. 'he work of the experimentors, however, has shown it to be a profitable crop, and it is only a matter of time until it will become a crop of considerable importance in Arkansas.

Buckwheat.

This is another crop which has never advanced to any important position in the list of our farm products, and what little has been produced was grown mainly to supply range for bees. Whenever grown it has yielded well and may be depended upon as a safe and profitable crop for those who choose to grow it.

cones

Rice.

Until recently Arkansas has made no claims as a rice country, but it has now been demonstrated by experimentation that this great food cereal can be successfully grown on the level and fertile uplands of central and southern Arkansas. Experiments have been made upon the prairie lands of Lonoke County for three years and the yield has been from sixty to one hundred bushels per acre, and rice culture has passed the experimental stage, and is now an assured fact, and much interest is being given to this industry.

Sorghum.

The fame of sorghum syrup of Dixie has spread over every State in the Union, and he who has not sampled it can have no appreciation of why it should be prized so much above that produced from cane grown in the Northern States. Every well-to-do farmer in Arkansas reserves from his other crops a good plot of ground for his sorghum patch, and no other part of the farm yields greater returns in dollars and cents nor a hundredth part as many of the sweets of life. It is one of our surest crops, and when sown for stock feed yields an immense amount of forage. It thrives when sown in spring, summer or fall, and may be cut for forage any time. Containing a very large amount of sap, it is sometimes difficult to cure, but by choosing dry weather in which to harvest, this difficulty is largely obviated. In past years it was thought to be a hard crop on the soil, but recent experiments have, to a large degree, proven this belief to be erroneous; in fact, it has been demonstrated that its growth, when practiced with certain rotations, adds to the productiveness of the soil rather than detracting from it. When grown for syrup its cultivation is much like that of corn, but when grown for forage it is either broadcasted or drilled thickly in rows which are usually one-half the distance apart at which corn is planted.

Kaffir Cron.

This plant is a species of the sorghum family, and its merits as a stock feed, its heavy yield of grain and its certainty of success in all soils and under all conditions, is fast adding to its popularity among our farmers, and each succeeding year sees the planting of a larger crop. It was introduced into our State from the Western plains country where it was several years since tested, and found to be

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fully equal to Indian corn, both as a stock feed and in yield under favorable conditions. In seasons of severe drouth, which are common on the plains, when corn would wither and die in midsummer, Kaffir corn was found to flourish, and to mature a fair crop, when corn had utterly failed. 'This characteristic renders it a desirable crop even in the usually equable and favorable conditions which prevail in our State during the growing season. Its ctltivation is the same as that of corn, except that it will stand being planted more thickly.

Broom Corn.

Our soils, climate and all natural conditions are favorable to the growth and maturity of broom corn. Except in a few localities, but little of it is raised for shipment to market outside of our State. Because of our long growing season it matures very early in autumn, at which time we usually have weather which is exceptionally favorable to curing the crop, and as we never are afflicted with violent winds the brush is never ruined through lopping. The farmer who carefully attends to his crop will rarely fail to reap a rich reward from a field of broom corn on

Arkansas soil. CASTOR BEANS.

This plant is found to be well adapted to the soils of our hill and mountain sections and many farmers, especially in the vicinity of Little Rock, have grown it in a small way during the last few years, and with satisfactory profits. It is not, however, extensively grown in any section, and will probably not gain popularity until local mills are established to manufacture the beans into oil.. The manner of, cultivation is essentially the same as corn and the harvesting of the crop being about July 15.

Pasture And Meadow. Bermuda Grass.

Of this grass 'the United States Department of Agriculture says: "This is undoubtedly on the whole the most valuable grass of the South. It is a native of Southern Europe, and adapted to all tropical and semitropical climates. It is a common pasture grass and has long been

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known in the United States, but the difficulty of eradicating it when once established has retarded its introduction into cultivation."'

Bermuda grass is a perennial plant, of wonderful vigorous growth. It propogates itself by means of runners, which often extend to a distance of three or four feet from the parent stem, sending down roots, from each point, at intervals from one to three inches. It starts immediately after severe frosts have ceased in the spring, and is killed down by the first heavy frost in the fall. These are its only weak points as a pasture grass. While it thrives best on rich soils, at the same time it gives very satisfactory results on old, wornout fields and water-worn hillsides. It stands heat and drouth well, and makes its most rapid growth during the hottest part of the season. It revels in the hot sunshine, but dwindles and soon dies out in the shade. No amount of pasturing will kill it or even retard its growth. It is a good fertilizer, and soon builds up an exhausted soil. The long runners fall over the brink of the washout, taking root as they descend, from a thick, tough mat, arrest further washing, and in time fill up the excavations. Once planted it flourishes for many years, and then is renewed by shallow plowing in the spring of the year.

Japan Clover:

Within the last score of years this plant has appeared and spread all over central and southern Arkansas. It is an annual plant, somewhat resembling alfalfa in general appearance. It seeds the ground where established and spreads with great rapidity from year to year. It starts from the seed, rather late in the spring, and dies down with the first severe frost in the fall. It makes a strong vigorous growth during the growing season, it is one of the most nutritious grasses grown, and is much relished by all kinds of stock. Like red clover and the cowpea, it gathers and adds nitrogen to the soil, and is classed by the Department of Agriculture of the United States as one of the greatest soil renewing and renovating plants grown in the Union.

Cowpbas.

Few cultivated plants bestow as many benefits upon the raiser as the cowpea. By robbing the air of nitrogen and adding it to the soil, it enriches his land and renders the farm more profitable. Sown in the late summer or

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early fall it produces a heavy growth of first-class hay containing a large amount of seed, which at once serves the place of grain food and roughness and is nutritious to and relished by all domestic animals. It is easily the king of all Southern forage plants. 'There are many varieties of the cowpea, but they may all be classed into two general divisions or upright and trailing varieties. The upright varieties (of which the clay, or speckled variety, is a good example), mature in about ninety days after planting. The trailing varieties (of which the unknown is a-good example), do not mature until early in October. The upright varieties form the most seed, while the trailing varieties produce the most vine. The cowpea does best when planted by itself, either in drills or in broadcast. It does well, however, as a catch crop, planted when corn or other crops are laid by.

Many farmers have difficulty in curing pea-vines for hay, as the leaves become dry and crisp and fall off the vines during curing. This is not apt to be the case if the vines are cut before the pods become fully mature. The vines should be cut early in the morning, as soon as the dew is off, and raked into wind rows late in the afternoon. The wind rows should be turned late the following day, and then the hay put in the barn on the day following. The hay should be handled as little as possible and the leaves not allowed to become too dry.

Alfalfa.

This plant is also known as lucerne by many farmers. It is essentially a hay crop, producing two tons per acre per cutting, and either three or four cuttings each year. It does best on the bottom land, but it must have thorough drainage. With proper drainage the roots go into the soil considerably over six feet, thus obtaining a large supply of moisture and plant food from the subsoil.

In localities where alfalfa is being grown it is rapidly becoming recognized as a leading forage crop. 'This is especially the case in some parts of the West. In the South it is only grown on a large scale in Texas. The farmers of Georgia and Arkansas, however, who have tried it, pronounce it as being our most productive hay crop. Some difficulty, however, is sometimes experienced in getting a stand, but this need not be the case when the needs of the plants are understood. The first essential for

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the proper growth of alfalfa is proper drainage. This does not imply, however, a dry soil. In fact, considerable moisture is needed in getting alfalfa started in order to insure a good stand. The seeds should be sown in drills about two feet apart, early in September. The land should first be thoroughly prepared and subsoiled in order to break the hard pan of the subsoil, thus allowing the roots of the plant to go deep into the soil for the moisture and food supply. After the surface soil has been thoroughly harrowed, the drills should be laid off and the seed planted, covering very lightly. During the first season's growth the alfalfa should be cultivated often, so as to conserve the soil moisture as much as possible. After the first year the alfalfa may, or may not, be cultivated, as desired. A breaking of the soil between the rows, however, will be a benefit.

With the land prepared as above a good stand of alfalfa will be obtained unless the soil is very poor, in which case soil inoculation will be necessary. In fact, if the inoculating material can be obtained, it is far best to inoculate the seed before planting in any event. In order to do this, simply wash the dirt off the roots of several' alfalfa plants which have been growing on the same land for several years and dip the seeds, just previous to planting, into the muddy water thus obtained. In this way a good stand will be assured.

If farmers realize more fully the great value of alfalfa, no farmer would be without at least a small patch of it. A half acre used as a soiling crop will support the family milk cow for nine months of the year. When once a good stand is obtained no further seeding is necessary. It will grow on the same land for twenty years, enriching the soil all the time. When once planted no farmer would do without it.

Red Clover.

Red clover has its regular place in the system of farm rotation practiced in the Northern States. There is an impression in the South that clover does not do well here. This is a great mistake, brought about by the fact that clover will not grow on the ordinary poor soil of the South without some special care in its preparation. Red clover grows as well on fairly good soil in the South as it does in any other section. It forms a large mass of roots, so that when the clover sod is turned under an

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immense mass of decaying vegetable matter, or humus, is added to the soil, the good effect of which may be noticed for several years afterwards.

Other Pasture Grass.

Timothy, Kentucky blue grass, orchard grass, red top, red and crimson clover, are too well-known in our own and all surrounding States to need description here, and suffice it to say that in the various parts of our State are found soils and conditions in which the entire list of pasture plants thrive to perfection and all of them are raised more or less extensively, according to the demands of the farmers.

Truck Patch And Garden. Irish Potatoes.

Within the last decade the production of Irish potatoes has become an important industry, and as many as three thousand car loads have been shipped in a single year, which is a very small proportion of the production, as the larger part of the crop is consumed at home. Our growing season is so long that we are able to raise two crops from the same land, the early crop finding ready buyers at good prices in the North, while the late crop is shipped South. This is destined to be a very important crop of our State, and we would urge our readers to give it careful study and a thorough trial.

Sweet Potatoes.

Sweet potatoes have long been one of the staple crops of our State, and rarely do we find a farm or garden which is not supplied with a generous area, planted to this useful vegetable. The yield per acre is very heavy, the texture and flavor of our product is very excellent, and the profits from the culture are very great, when intelligently followed, and adequate provisions made for the care of the crop, from maturity until marketed. The difficulty in keeping them in a marketable condition has prevented our people from raising sweet potatoes on a large scale, but recent investigations conducted by many of our prominent farmers have proven that they can be kept at a small expense in perfect condition, over winter and far into the next spring.

—304—

Among those who have been successful in keeping them, as well as many other perishable crops, for an unlimited time, we desire to mention Mr. A. W. Pool, of Franklin County, who raises this crop, as well as Irish potatoes, apples and peaches, for shipment by the car load and makes money out of each crop. Mr. Pool has one of, if not the largest and best appointed fruit and potato farms in Arkansas. He started a few years since, a poor man, in poor health and without experience, and by careful study and indomitable energy, intelligently directed and honorably conducted, has fought his way to success and wealth. He has always maintained that it is more profitable to destroy defective products than to break down his reputation by putting them on the market. As a result of rigid adherence to this maxim, the brand of A. W. Pool on a package will today insure for its contents the highest market price without inspection.

Melons And Cantaloupes.

Melons and cantaloupes are now being raised on a large scale at many points in the State. The yield compares in general quality with that of the most noted localities where they are raised and profits from these crops often reach as high as $75 and $100 per acre. The acreage planted is increasing rapidly from year to year with a corresponding growth of demand, as our products become better known abroad, and sought after because of their many desirable qualities.

Brarly Vegetables.

Early vegetables are a source of great profit to our people. Only mild winters and quick producing soil make it possible for us to place these products on the market very early in the season, while our faultless transportation facilities and close proximity of great market centers enables our gardeners to lay down their goods in first-class condition, thus guaranteeing remunerative prices. Market gardening is fast becoming one of the leading vocations of our agricultural class.

—305— Acriculture. Table Of Legal Weights.

An act to define the weight, per bushel, of corn, wheat, oats, and other grains and seeds set forth in this act.

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas : :

Section 1. That the legal weight, per bushel, shall be:

Lbs. Lbs. Wort ate eciie te. s us 5 5, 56 CIGVOTASCOG sai taachicce ia'. 'G hs s'srct 60 Goran ear, niusked..5.. . 70 RTITIOE ase vee wes cee no oi 4 ce 50 Corn in ear, unhusked 74 DVITICHESCEU cee Cat pate ce ue ses 50 ATE i lege es HaeOO Bickwheathe eae eee legions 52 Bt mmmet Gescias S07 Cl) ag Seal ee 32 I COLO DIME on rey, os otal nike 14 cree SEC 0% 2h een oo Ba Tete OTeIAT 9 OTASS . eaten wie tere T4 MBER ERICA SAE vee of 01 en as es hee 48 DOTRUUIMMSCeU eee wee nae aes 50 PIRROM Me eth eg hk ENT ane fod 48 CITECIDRAPDIES poe ioe the ots sign 50 1c Sy ir Ea aR en 56 Dried candles ees se cnvedess Leek ae 24 TES Cave ot elgg aR tae Ooie POTPIEdS PEACHES 0 Feces ye eke wie as 33 Botatoes.. sweets i020 ed 2 50 ESL AG eee eet OG ed sclencte shah 20 OUIONS. dite Veet ies AB PR ys 57 SOLA Were Ie rattan ire, make tc 50 NVI MEATS ie. cy ie Bey et tral 60 SU EnT SMe acer ot caked ats Ces tae 57 PE Reo 5 sania eS Gat a aR 60 Broo COL SCE ics Meigs oe 48 WEIA eES COC ets si. tees ee 5 HW ORTSOMBOTASS: Shoal esos oa ate 28 DIGGPetass SeCde yews le 14

Sec. 2. That all laws in conflict, etc.

Approved March 30, 1887.

Pear Blight.

The Year Book of the Department of Agriculture says:

"In the laboratory it has been found that blight is invariably accompanied by a minute organism, a boeillus. allied to those which cause such dangerous diseases as tuberculosis and typhoid fever in man. 'These minute germs have been found in countless millions in the delicate cells of the plant, but to prove that they were the actual cause of the disease it was necessary to separate them from pear tissues and all other organisms present, to grow them wholly apart and in an absolutely pure state, and finally to bring them again into contact with healthy pear trees and produce the disease. This has been done. The germs of pear blight, free from all organisms, have

r

—306—

been made to grow on potatoes, on various kinds of gelatine, and on other media, just as the farmer grows a crop of corn on soil free from all other plants.

"The germs grown in this way, when pricked into the delicate tissues of a young pear shoot, multiply rapidly and in a few days there is a well developed case of the disease. The cause of the disease being thus definitely determined, it remained to find out how it was spread from tree to tree, and how, after seemingly disappearing in the late summer, it would break out again the following spring. The work is now transferred from the laboratory to the orchard itself. Here it is found that insects, particularly bees, play an important part in disseminating the disease. One very destructive form of blight occurs in the blossoms, and the bees in visiting these for honey carry the germs to healthy flowers. Thus from one center a whole orchard may be infected, and with what results will be understood by those familiar with the way the blight works.

"While bees were found to be a really serious factor so far as the spread of blight was concerned, the work brought out a fact heretofore unknown, but of vast importance to fruit growers, namely, that some varieties of pears will not fruit at all unless bees have access to them—in other words, their own pollen is not potent, and they require the pollen from some other variety in order to set fruit. That fact explains why certain varieties are unfruitful and suggests a way to overcome the difficulty.

"Coming back to blight, the studies in the orchard further revealed the very important fact that while branches killed during the summer usually contain no living germs after a few weeks, in a certain small portion of them, at the point where the diseased part merges into the healthy, they do remain alive, and also that these germs pass the winter in a partly dormant state. As soon as spring opens, the germs in the 'hold-over' cases again start into active life, and in a short time become so numer- ' ous that they ooze from the wood in gummy masses. Insects are attracted to this more or less sweetish gum, and by visiting it and then going tc other trees, especially to the blossoms, they distribute the organism. So much, therefore, for what has been developed by a long and careful study of this disease. It now remains to apply the knowledge in a practical way, which was done by what has come to be known as the winter method of combating

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the blight. This consists simply in a careful inspection of the orchard in the fall or early winter and_ cutting out every branch showing any sign of the 'hold-over' blight. Not only is it necessary to cut out these branches, but it is important that they be completely destroyed by fire. Following this practice carefully, it has been found practicable to eradicate blight, not only from the orchard, but from the nursery, where conditions for spreading are much better, owing to the way the trees are planted."

Spraying.

Apple—For the round-headed and flat-headed borers, paint trunks and lower branches with a strong solution of soap, containing a little carbolic acid, or paint base of trees in fall with linseed oil and white lead. Old oystershell bark lice may be brushed off with same solution, but for young lice, hatched in May or June, spray with kerosene emulsion. For colin moth, tent caterpillar, cankerworm, bud moth, apple maggot, curculio, scab or leaf blight, spray (first) with Bordeaux A just before the leaves unfold; (second) with Bordeaux B; adding one pound of Paris green to 100 gallons, just before blossoms open; (third) with same as soon as petals have all fallen; (fourth) Bordeaux B in ten to fourteen days. Unless weather is moist and warm, favoring scab and blight, above will be sufficient; and if worms and caterpillars are not numerous, No. 2 may be omitted; but if scab or blight is feared, spray with Bordeaux B two to four weeks after No. 4, and (five) with ammoniacal carbonate as fruit approaches maturity.

Pear—For colin moth, scab, leaf and fire blight, one, two and three spraying same as for apples; (four) Bordeaux Bin one or two weeks; (five) ammoniacal carbonate when fruit is nearly grown. For pear tree psylla (the lice or nymph-like little insect that feeds in axil or leaf, secreting a "honey dew" that soon becomes blackened) ; (one) kerosene emulsion A when leaves open, or as soon as psylla is detected; (two) repeat in one or two weeks if the young insects begin to appear; (third) kerosene B a week or so later.

Peach, Nectarine, Apricot—For curculio that attacks fruit, for leaf blight and fruit rot; (one) before buds swell, spray with copper sulphate or Bordeaux A; (two) when fruit has set, Bordeaux B with one pound Paris

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green to 150 gallons; (three) Bordeaux B in two to four weeks; (four) when fruit is- nearly grown, ammoniacal carbonate of copper; repeat No. 3 in a few days if it seems necessary. The arsenate of lead formula is recommended in place of one pound of Paris green to 150 gallons of water; even the latter may burn the tender foliage, while the great advantage of arsenate of lead is that it will not injure even the most delicate foliage.

Plum—lf attacked by scale, spray in fall after leaves are off with kerosene emulsion, and again in midwinter. Cut off much below every vestige of black-knot, and spray with Bordeaux in first warm days of spring, before the fungus growth starts up; (two) repeat just before flower buds open; (three) when fruit is set, Bordeaux A with one pound Paris green to 100 gallons; (four) in about a week or less, Bordeaux B with one pound Paris green to 150 gallons; (five) as fruit ripens, ammoniacal carbonate. If the plum scale or San Jose scale hatch out, spray with kerosene emulsion. In addition to all this, many jar the trees every few days for curculios, catching them on sheets or with chickens.

Cherry—For curculio, black-knot, leaf blight and brown rot, spray as for the peach. For black lice or aphides, use kerosene A after the third application of Bordeaux, spraying with utmost force into and under the curled leaves, where this insect is sheltered. For birds, tie in tree bright ribbons, shining tins, a windmill, etc.

Currant—As soon as the worms appear, spray with arsenites. If they reappear, repeat in a few days, adding Bordeaux for mildew. When berries approach ripening, dust on hellabore or pyrethrum. For borer, cut out and burn infested canes in fall. If yellow-lined currant bug attacks tips of new shoots, spray promptly with kerosene emulsion (one to five). For leaf spot, repeat the Bordeaux at intervals of two weeks till the fruit colors, and again after harvest; five applications applied in proper time, with ordinary rainfall, will surely protect against this disease; if necessary in bad cases to spray as fruit is about ripe, use ammoniacal copper carbonate, as it does not discolor fruit.

Gooseberry—For worms and mildew, treat like currant; but for the third or fourth spraying, use three ounces of liver of sulphur in ten gallons of water, as this does not discolor the fruit and is perfectly harmless.

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Strawberry—For black paria and leaf blight or rust: (one) spray with Bordeaux B and one pound of Paris green in 100 gallons of water as soon as growth begins; (two) Bordeaux B with one pound of Paris green to 150 gallons just before the opening of the first flowers; (three) Bordeaux B as soon as the fruit is gathered, if the bed 1s to be fruited the second season, although some recommend ammoniacal carbonate as first fruits are ripening. If rust remains, repeat Bordeaux as frequently as necessary, and newly set fields for next year's fruiting should be sprayed with it at intervals of three to four weeks after they begin te set runners.

Raspberry and Blackberry—For spring and fall orange rust, anthracnose and leaf blight, cut out badly diseased canes; (one) spray with Bordeaux A just before growth begins; (two) Bordeaux B just as the blossoms open; (three) repeat as soon as fruit is gathered, and again at intervals of from two to three weeks if rust appears.

Grape—For the rose bug, anthracnose, black rot and downy mildew: (one) spray Gah Bordeaux A before buds unfold; (two) Bordeaux A with one pound of Paris green to 100 gallons just before blossoms open; (three) repeat just as soon as grapes have set—in from five days to two weeks; (four) Bordeaux B in two or four weeks, according to the weather; (five) ammoniacal carbonate when fruit is nearing first stages of coloring, and earlier if downy mildew appears.

Quince—For black leaf, fire blight and leaf spot: (one) spray when blossom buds appear with Bordeaux; (two) when fruit has set, Bordeaux with arsenites. Repeat Bordeaux at intervals of two or three weeks if blight appears; use ammoniacal carbonate if fruit is ripening.

Nursery Stock—For fungus diseases, leaf blights, etc. : when the first leaves appear spray with Bordeaux and repeat at intervals of about two weeks from three to six times. This mixture is a specific, especially against the troublesome cherry-leaf blight.

Cabbage—When worms or lice (aphides) are first seen spray thoroughly with kerosene emulsion, and again in a week or ten days if they are not heading. After another week, if heading, sprinkle with water, heating it to 130 degrees, repeating Tithe kerosene emulsion in a_fortnight if necessary. If the plants are small when the worms

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first appear, some spray with arsenites, but this should not be repeated a second time for fear of some poison being left in the head.

Patato—To prevent scabby tubers, soak the cut seed one and one-half to three hours in a solution of two to two and a half ounces of corrosive sublimate (a deadly poison) in sixteen gallons of water; avoid stable manure, use fertilizers; on some soils, ashes, lime, etc., seem to promote this scab fungus. Spray with arsenites when beetles first appear, repeat every two or three weeks, and when vines. are two-thirds grown combine 100 gallons Bordeaux B with one pound Paris green, to protect against blight as well as potato bugs and beetles; make the solution stronger—150 gallons—if the pests do not readily quit.

Tomato—For rot or blight, whether under glass or out of doors, spray with Bordeaux A at first appearance, repeating in a few days if diseases are not checked. When set out in the field a spraying with Bordeaux is always advisable. If the diseases persist use ammoniacal copper carbonate after fruit is well formed.

Bean—For pod, spot, anthracnose or rust, spray with Bordeaux A when third leaf expands and repeat every ten days or two weeks about three times.

Spray Calendar.*

Arkansas Agricultural Station, John T. Stinson, Horticulturist, February, 1896.

In the preparation of this calendar the most important points regarding sprays have been selected and arranged in such a manner that the grower can see at a glance what to apply and when to make the application. 'The more important insect and fungus enemies are also mentioned, so that a fairly clear understanding of the work, can be obtained by examining the calendar below. When making the applications advised, other enemies than those mentioned are also.kept under control, for only the most serious ones could be named in so brief an outline. The directions given have been carefully compiled from the latest results obtained by leading horticulturists and entomologists, and they may be followed with safety.

*Adapted to this State from the Spray Calendar of Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station. Prepared by E. G. Lodeman.

—31l1—

NoticE—In this calendar it will be seen that some applications are italicized, and these are the ones which are most important. 'The number of applications given in each case has particular reference to localities in which fungus and insect enemies are most abundant. If your crops are not troubled when some applications are advised, it is unnecessary to make any. It should be remembered that in all cases success 1s dependant upon the exercise of proper judgment in making applications. Know the enemy to be destroyed; know the remedies that are most effective, and, finally, apply them at the proper season.

Apple.

(Scab, Codlin Moth, Bitter Rot.)

First Application—Before buds swell, copper sulphate solution.

Second Application—Just before blossoms open, Bordeaux.

Third Application—When blossoms have fallen, Bordeaux and arsenites. :

Fourth Application—Hight to twelve days later, Bordeaux and arsemtes.

Fifth Application—Ten to fourteen days later, Bordeaux for bitter rot.

Sixth Application—Ten to fourteen days later, Bordeaux for bitter rot.

Cabbage.

(Worms, Aphis. )

First Application—When worms or aphis are first seen, kerosene emulsion.

Second Application—Seven to ten days later, if not heading, renew emulsion.

Third Application—Seven to ten days later, 1f heading, hot water, 180 degrees F.

Fourth Application—Repeat third in ten to fourteen days if necessary.

'Fifth Application—(When plants are small arsenites may be used to check worms. )

as ees CHERRY.

(Rot, Aphis, Slug.)

First Application—As buds are breaking, Bordeaux; when aphis appears, kerosene emulsion.

Second Application—When fruit has set, Bordeaux; if slugs appear, dust leaves with air-slacked lime; hellebore.

Third Application—Ten to fourteen days, if rot appears, Bordeaux.

Fourth Application—Ten to fourteen days later, ammoniacal copper carbonate.

Currant.

(Mildew, Worms. ) First Application—At first sign of worms, arsenites. Second Application—Ten days later, hellebore; if leaves nuldew, Bordeaux. Third Application—If worms persist, hellebore.

Gooseberry.

(Mildew, Worms. )

First Application—When leaves expand, Bordeaux; for worms, as above.

Second Application—Ten to fourteen days, later, Bordeaux; for worms as above.

Third Application—Ten to fourteen days later, ammoniacal copper carbonate; for worms as above.

Fourth Application—Ten to fourteen days later, repeat third.

Grape.

(Fungus Diseases, Flea-Beetle, Leaf-Roller, Grapevine Fidia. )

First Application—In spring, when buds swell, copper sulphate solution; Paris green for flea-beetle.

Second Application—lW hen leaves are one to one and a half inches in diameter; Paris green for larve or flea-beetle.

Third Application—When flowers have fallen, Bordeaux; Paris green as before.

Fourth Application—Ten to fourteen days later, Bordeaux.

Fifth Application—Ten to fourteen days later if any disease appears, Bordeaux.

—313—

Sixth Application—Ten to fourteen days, ammoniacal copper carbonate; make later applications of this if necessary; after fruit is gathered use Paris green for leaf-roller.

Nursery Stock.

(Fungus Diseases. ) First Application—W hen first leaves appear, Bordeaux. Second Application—Ten to fourteen days, repeat first. Third Application—Ten to fourteen days, repeat first. Fourth Application—Ten to- fourteen days, repeat first. Fifth Application—Ten to fourteen days, repeat first. Sixth Application—Ten to fourteen days, repeat first.

Peach, Nectarine, Apricot.

(Rot, Mildew. )

First Application—Before buds swell, copper sulphate solution.

Second Application—Before flowers open, Bordeaux.

Third Application—When fruit has set, Bordeaux.

Fourth Application—When fruit is nearly grown, ammomiacal copper carbonate.

Fifth Application—Five to ten days later, repeat fourth.

Sixth Application—Five to ten days later, repeat fourth if necessary.

Pear.

(Leaf Blight, Scab, Codlin Moth.)

First Application—Before buds swell, copper sulphate solution.

Second Application—Just before blossoms open, Bordeaux.

Third Application—After blossoms have fallen, Bordeaux and arsenites; kerosene emulsion if necessary.

Fourth Application—Hight to twelve days later, repeat third.

Fifth Application—Ten to fourteen days later, Bordeaux.

Sixth Application—Ten to fourteen days later, repeat fifth if necessary.

Plum.

(Fungus Diseases, Curculio. ) First Application—During first warm days of early spring, Bordeaux for black-knot; when leaves are off im the fall, kerosene emulsion for plum scale.

—314—

Second Application—When buds are swelling, Bordeaux for black-knot and other fungus diseases; during midwinter, kerosene emulsion for plum scale.

Third Application—When blossoms have fallen, Bordeaux; begim to gar trees for curculio; before buds start im spring, kerosene emulsion'for plum scale.

Fourth Application—Ten to fourteen days later, Bordeaux; jar trees for curculio every two to four days; for San Jose scale, kerosene emulsion, when young appear in spring and summer.

Fifth Application—Ten to twenty days later, Bordeaux for black-knot; jar trees for curculio; when young plum scale insects first appear in summer, kerosene emulsion.

Sixth Application—Ten to twenty days later, Bordeaux for black-knot; later applications may be necessary to prevent leaf spot and frut rot, use ammomacal copper carbonate.

Potato:

(Scab, Blight, Beetle.)

First Application—Soak seed for scab in corrosive sublimate solution (two ounces to sixteen gallons of water) for ninety minutes.

Second Application—When beetles first appear, arsemtes. .

Third Application—When vines are two-thirds grown, Bordeaux; arsemtes for beetles 1f necessary.

Fourth Application—Ten to fifteen days later, repeat third.

Fifth Application—Ten to fifteen days later, Bordeaux if necessary.

Quince.

(Leaf and Fruit Spots.)

First Application—When blossom buds appear, Bordeaux.

Second Application—When fruit has set, Bordeaux and arsenites.

Third Application—Ten to twenty days later, Bordeaux.

Fourth Application—Ten to' twenty days later, Bordeaux.

Fifth Application—Ten to twenty days later, Bordeaux. USI

a oR

—3 15—

Raspberry, Blackberry, Dewberry.

(Anthracnose, Rust. )

First Application—Before buds break, copper sulphate solution; cut out badly diseased canes.

Second Application—During summer, if rust es on leaves, Bordeaux.

Third Application—Repeat second, if necessary.

Fourth Application—(Orange, or red rust, is treated best by destroying entirely the affected plants.)

Strawberry.

(Leaf Blight.)

First Application—Before blossoming, Bordeaux.

Second Application—After last fruits are harvested, Bordeaux.

Third Application—Repeat first if foliage rusts.

Fourth Application—Repeat first if necessary.

Fifth Application—(Young plants not in bearing may be treated throughout the fruiting season.)

Tomato.

(Rot, Blight.)

Fifth Application—At first appearance of blight or rot, under glass or out of doors, Bordeaux.

Second Application—Repeat first if disease is not checked.

Third Application—Repeat first when necessary.

For aphides or plant lice, use kerosene emulsion cn all plants.

Formulus.

Bordeaux Mixture.

(For Fungus Diseases. )

AO POMMRS UN LATC Merete Site mes eetas siete, easy hs 6 pounds Ope Ee ARNT Ye" yer Bh sioner MANA UO A een Aad aks ALN Gae aR 4 pounds NV ALCTarH rpm tree mite ne ka Be se Ue bal Mey og 40 to 50 gallons

Dissolve the copper sulphate by putting it in a bag of coarse cloth, and hanging this in a vessel holding at least four gallons, so that it is just covered by water. Use

—3 16—

an earthen or wooden vessel. Slake the lime in an, equal amount of water. Then mix the two.and add enough water to make forty gallons. It is then ready for immediate use but will keep indefinitely. If the mixture is to be used on peach foliage it is advisable to add an extra pound of lime to the above formula. When applied to such plants as carnations, or cabbages, it will adhere better if about a pound of hard soap be dissolved in hot water and added to the mixture.

London Purple.

(For Insects that Chew.)

This is used in the same proportion as Paris green, but as it is more caustic it should be applied with two or three times its weight of lime, or with the Bordeaux mixture. The composition of London purple is exceedingly variable, and unless good reasons exist for supposing that it contains as much arsenic as Paris green, use the latter poison. Do not use London purple on peach or plum trees unless considerable lime is added.

Ammoniacal Copper Carbonate.

Copper carboriatesisi55 2 ees cere ee 1y Counce EXTON Aw hn 2, ene eee enough to dissolve the copper Watery od. attic sion Sat RGR i eee oe 9 gallons

The copper carbonate is best dissolved in large bottles, where it will keep indefinitely, and it should be diluted with water as required. For the same purpose as Bordeaux mixture.

COPPER SULPPHA TE aS Ol/ al l@ive

(For Fungus Diseases. ) Copper. sulphatey a soe steven sae ck eee 1 pound Water see estas roe ose ase ec Tete Ain, 25 gallons Dissolve the copper sulphate in water when it 1s ready for use. This should never be applied to foliage, but must be used before the buds break.

Paris Green.

(For Insects that Chew.)

Paris: preen' Wiese oc fahren ee 1 pound Waterers ccd acta. sone eee ee .150 to 200 gallons

—317—

If this mixture is to be used upon peach trees, one pound of quicklime should be added. Repeated applications will injure most foliage, unless lime is added. Paris green and Bordeaux mixture can be applied together with perfect safety. Use at the rate of four ounces of the arsenites to fifty gallons of the mixture. The action of neither is weakened, and the Paris green loses all caustic properties.

HELLEBORE. (For Insects that Chew.) palrcnaieaviiteshellebore. meh an. Orth ARMA 1 ounce Ree COMMER ee acetates Lire A IN ae sue ara 3 gallons

Apply when thoroughly mixed. This poison is not so energetic as the arsenites, and may be used a short time before the sprayed portions mature.

KEROSENE EMULSION. (For Insects. )

TEOLy iL SLSR W A gies sh an a 1-2. pound POMS LOT) aren sh reise an Ce, 1 gallon bey hh is Ue ea Ai eA 2 gallons

Dissolve the soap in the water, add the kerosene, and churn with a: pump for five or ten minutes. Dilute ten to twenty-five times before applying. Use strong emulsion for all scale insects. For insects which suck, as plant lice, mealy bugs, red spider, thrips, bark lice or scale. Cabbage worms, currant worms, and all insects which have soft bodies, can also be successfully treated.

Fly Preventive.

During "fly time,' which extends from early spring to late fall, horses are greatly tormented by the pests; but it is during the months of July, August and September that they suffer most and the torture is frequently so great that not only. do the horses lose flesh rapidly but are unable to render any sort of satisfactory service. Covers and nets were formerly much used—the cover is too hot, besides a fly or mosquito will bite through them, and the nets are more ornamental than useful and their cost precludes their general use. There are a great many preparations, both home-made and proprietary, that are quite effective in warding off flies. A strong decoction of common smart weed, made by boiling the weed in water,

—318—

applied when cold with a brush, sponge or cloth will prove quite effective, but must be repeated every day—the same is true of any fly preventive. An assafoetida wash made of one ounce of the drug dissolved in a liquid composed of a half pint of vinegar and a pint of water (the same proportion for desired quantity) will repel flies, the combined odor of the assafoetida and vinegar serving to keep them off. Concentrated oil of rhododendron applied with a cloth to the hajr is claimed to be an excellent fly repellant. There is no danger in the use of any of these remedies, their cost is slight, and the end will certainly warrant their general application to the patient, suffering dumb brutes.

Weevil Preventive.

To keep weevils out of corn and other grains, put carbon liquid in bottles and cover top with cloth and place in grain. It is said that this will keep weevils out of any kind of grain.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF THE BUREAU OF MINES, MANUFACTURES AND AGRICUL- TURE, FROM NOVEMBER 1, 1902,

To November 1, 1904.

November I, 1902.

To unexpended balance of appropriation for I90I

and Joos remaining in treasury. .. i 6... see os $ 536.16 To amount appropriated for traveling expenses,

purchase of seed and distribution and collection

of exhibits from the various counties, freight,

express charges and stationery 1,500.00 To repairs furniture and cases for the office 500.00

April I, 1903.

To amount covered into the treasurer's office of

the appropriation of I90I and I902 353.24 To amount expended of the appropriation of

1901 and 1go2 for traveling expenses, etc., as

per vouchers in Auditor's office 182.92 To amount expended for traveling expenses, pur-

chase of seed and distribution and collection of

exhibits from the various counties, freight, ex-

press charges and stationery out of the appro-

priation of 1903 and 1904, as per vouchers in

eS EC LOT CU Ny Mrs ok ce Sie ncn et aR a ya pew To amount expended for furniture and cases for the office, as per vouchers in Auditor's office.. 146.00

To amount of wunexpended balance in State Treasury November I, 1904, contingent fund of He ja E8 Sep Pees AEE Ps te 5 cae oe a om 1,141.79

Ota ere tae ae oh hictaSlae ners eee kk. $2,536.16

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ay F2¢ ee a Owe © ' ' ,

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PAGE Pe Eee VIET IFO as ce Se ce eA See Leese 3 SUR TES OY © GR ae, CoRR ait ana Sly a iin ae inns Fe Soe ne ear 294,305 DeUIeetie sr iite se Vier 6 OUNCE ns Sans ae eee ao ies bc ota as be see 196 Arkansas Agricultural Exhibit at World's Fair—Cut of 30 Pease ples CrctarU-——(cUt .Ols sic ke ce ees Origa cet ce se ss hss DMG roma Lea Wie ata Ti oer Cah ete ten oa 3's 7 Piers Oundineeat World s Hait—Cut 'offre ce oe 28 ROTM Measeine Coates Colles CLS ee ee ce ban oe Ses oe eae 124 carina eee CreviT Bh tela elt tte oe ee Arte token 107 Pr natisaseeGotton scene, Little Rock—Cut ofr cie.5 2 Geos seo 163 coe Sn TEN ETA Cette ry gin eet lA Rl A Bae ae 44 Pteatiete PCa be vite 1nstittte—GUut "Ol: 8... ceca es Meee es ss 20 Arkansas Educational Exhibit at World's, Fair—Cut of 40 Arkansas Forestry Exhibit at World's Fair—Cut of 36 Arkansas Fruit and Vegetable Exhibit—Cut of ne emi ace aemrencInor Cite Ofte et) cece te cts oe ee ee e Arkansas Horticultural Exhibit at World's Fair—Cut of 34 See Samun cane an Syl —CAlt Ol, fee eet e dees ss bse rents 21 Mekansas Mantitacttitine: Sorehtim=—Cuta of" 4 ieee. O28 158 Arkansas Mines and Metallurgy Exhibit at World's Fair—Cut of 38 PARR TISGSMN CW tates COtltObes Pree ed on Cone ne clades be gs 22 Priailero eNews pate. capitol—eCut Glo, whig'ts dite ta sos cde ees 25, frtaticdaanr cach TCiard "Wt t Ol nda ss ste lee ei els eis. oh weet 75 PeErnIGa om EOtATG GrtOWElS CL OL acini: ote done a hea 87 otto asis ame ICCC {ited a ceases eIneh oa is seth eek a, hee Looe Sa 527 Arkansas Scenery on White River—Cut of 102 Peratiene SCHOO leIOn + itd Upn Oli osc oes re vse a2 5 has nln cis acs 18 RAAI TSS MTSE GLIMNO) ban geet ate A iS arama deca eco RLS, nice wl 8 Eerraieten site. haritaplers tistitutions sa 0 ce sie aa.) aes saw 18 Arkansas Stock Farm in. Arkansas County—Cut of 46 Pet ratcae stock. Matmieiiot oan -County=—Cut, Ofs: % cs sacy eae 121 Arkansas Superintendents of Exhibits at World's Fair—Cut of. 42 ipgh soli es MUGR UR CA eh inom toe as Sadie eee es te ae a eS? oe a 13 PUM ATISA Se LAC trOT ett yO 184008 oo cats tench tare tea bee Wha Satie watts 17 eeeanese NV ite shanch——CutOtires Sh icis bide casts ne evo pe eee 50 "hase eS oleh alt Get BE Vint ale" hold eon, On bf naire) aes ae Rae anh 26 BOWE OUD YIM. s ios ATW wn tee RES GARR oof s Sot ahh Oe 47

Bauxite Deposits

Baxter County...

Benton County . Boone County...

Bradley County..

Calhoun County. Carroll County.. Cement Product. Chalk Native Chicot County... Clark; Gounty Clay ouity an

Index

oD © OLR) CS He Sie BNET S. 6 Ose ue ©. b, Cle ew ele he s.r wm jele & Miwa wee

6 (oa (0: 6 0 (6's ss. elie. 6 8 UO 6 6.6 0 6) 6 Ble s) 6 eye 6 eo Sw ye Abe Se) ene ee one O58, 8, Se Chemie @ 6% Olea Vere 6 le iri ele. & Sens 6 'elis) el Ben te while" @/ce. eee umm nor et are OS 06 6 6 ewe 80 © fe 'e058 160) .s owe O10 .¢. 6b 10) 0 @) a a © 6 she 6 eee) ee else ee ee

a 0 6 6 e @ & 6 0 6 B'S 6 6 0 © o Bie 6 & 0 68 6 6 + Oe Se 6 0 eo) we 6 Cm eee es Lee

© 6 © Te 6, (0:0 6 0 0 6 as 0 ute 6 o's 6 Sw 6 we 0 le 6 eles 6.6, 3 see, 5 a) eee eee ies Man O02 6 6 bo 8 0 8 8 6 60 & Heo © 8 8 6 6 8 ow ee 6 6 0 6) ete es © 6 8b On) OLte wie a 2 6 00 Oe © 0: 'e 0 le © 0) 6. 66 6.0 8.0.0 a © 6.1m) © © Cle (0) 4 ie; (6.01 bee, ome) © le ene W080, 6.0 Ce) O, ae. F 6 © 6) 0,6, 6 CNS 0 @ Beale 6 chs, d dps oO. mee) we fel diel anew 2 ee Tee © oe pe 6.816 8 50, Oe, 0 fel je ole. @ 6 (6 abe e es Wl 8 6) Sls he pede ease Oo) a C6 © 06 6 6 00 8S ee 6 6 B86 che © chino) auehiate Wi SEo) 'sa mueliole is) "ovine

C06 OO 6 6 0 4.6 64 S60) 6 RO we 2 0 Fle 8 0 8 6 6 6 Ce) -6 6) v2 2 bel twle, ee ee

Clays" South Arkansas.44.4 2) aeeee eae eee

Cleburne County.

Cleveland County Coal teeta yay

Coal Mining

2 OD © 6.0 0 Oh 0 © 0) 6 6 byw Cale, S © 0 Hele (69-5) We, OC Ors 2 we 6 nue ere ie ee

o 2 2 0 6 6 06S OP 6 ¢ Oe & 6 © Oe © ©..8 -w & 0 8) 6 co 2 6 6 65s 6 © ease, ee ay ee

O06 6 0 6 6 6 0 6 8 OO 66 8 wee Bb ele 6 46S 8 6 8 6 [6s Ces) 6S 8 es 8) eee

ody 0 0.6 © .@ 0.6 O16 0 © Cag 10 0 ele el ele obs Bue a ie 6 6 0) Mie a eet bela as sane e

Coalhelds—Southwest Arkansas: os. oe syee Ge eee

Columbia County

Conway County.

© oe 10 Oo (e © & ia ee D0 (0 Ge 6 CMe) Ee 6.0) 0 G40) 56. 6 e040 ce, oe ee oe) eae

© 0: 66) OW e5e © af 6 SG 6 Oe 6s. &) Ss.) 0 8 pie ere yeu in) ele ih te eee i ee One

Graighead Coutity 24 ks en vera eee

Crawford County

Se @ 6 oe © © © Oe @ 6 'e 06 So DM 0 O Che le 0 W616 6 Ss 6 Gees. 16 [Shee 46 eee St

Crittenden' Cotititywi cc. S40 ae bea e eke bP eee ee

ross: Courity. 5,

Dallas County...

Desha- County.+. Donation Law... Drew County

Faulkner County

OF 910 Teno Oe 0" 6 why Oe 6. Ce sa, ene fe. (oS) One 050 le! eae sie Ss eh) 4 @) Se eee

Cm 2 0 OC 6.6 6 pe 6a 606 4.0. 6 60 Ne De eC eee 0) .@ 61 9liy ae whe oye oe meee ee

Oa Tay S 0 @p en's) & 6 01,000) 6, 6.6 6 WLETe. ce 6 S16 aie) s le) e)\0 el eekmile! © Wsho ean Cee

eerestoeeet ee ee es Oe 6 6 6 6 0 84 8 6 68 6 SO 6 8S tw 6 6 8 we 6 5 of 8 Ce

Bo) 0 0. @ Ort © 0 0 © 60 ©. 6 656,00) 6 ie o © (t & 6) MyS (as: ©: (0 Woes ee a eee

6 6 @ 6 2s @ ole 6.00 oe a ere, ogelle "ee 6) @ se) © 0 us 6. ge) © valet a elles me

Financial: Statement" 2; or. on vo eae oe ee Forfeited. 2.40. canoe oe ee Cee ee

BMormilasae cee Franklin County Fulton County...

Garland County..

8 (a) 8 afc a 6. 10) sb) Sele, elgs de © (ee 0 © 0 6 0 6 WLU Je @ is) 0.60) ei ellen eta Keli oo wee iene

Oe 41a Bisa Olof @ Velie) 6) O00 0.0 CL ae CSO eee 6 Femelle, 6.97 0/518) eh ee ee we

6 0 6 ee 8 @ 6 @ 'e.8 De VS 366 © 0) Oe 16.9 OG ' 6 ss @ 0 8) 6 6) ees ie wl eee ee

ee 6 so Be he 0 fe le: ole oe 60-04 °F 6 ws 6 Sb ae Ue OS & eee 18> le ee a ae

Government Land—Fees Charged for Entering Government Lands in Arkansas:¢. 2 3.) 7 ae eee Government Land: Officers. occ 3cks cc. Joes eae ee

(sranite sees tues Grant County... Greene County

O 2 0 8 6 6.0 @ ob O88 0. 8 Hie S Ole le 60 6% Seve Cle 2, 6.0 Be Oye Bd Oe aha © re

0 O50 00 vis @ (00 'asm 66) 6 (0, le 6c e eye 6) 6)'@ 0s 2 aw 6) (a @ eee eee ee i erele

2 6 0 0 2 ee 8 ele Ob. 0-~e Sle, sie, 618, © ue wre! eo 16) U6) a 6 Ol see) 6 to 6) pie le) Ce ee me

Page

INDEX H PAGE AGL OE a GSO ICES a ie eee a a 95 PERV CATEVI COS LEON Peay ee a OS Sh SUN elect ok ORY ave Daleie 281 ETI PCE Cet se vlna e nes Gh wah es LAE ees a's 07 Weerwatd .COUNnty .s 55.6 eas athe ae hE RENT eat 4,4 Spada prone, 98 I Wem Ce TITICE RIC ONITITY tet £0, ic, Seed Sa anu eR uy le sis wo Soha Sages IOI RR te Meaerems DPE MOTORS See Se oe ile ace he avs Sed Gem en 257 Otay CLERIC gpg 9 gh 8 Ee a Aer Pg aaa 103 J RLU ee eee ony 5 CEN-CY s oAM CN CRE Cvate sks cd Se eee ak me 104 SRR ET SINCE Soe teen POA Evy 0 woe i ee en ga Uk idee Mis eos 100 anaP Cte SEOME Ee SVETINE reer @ coy ts TAT eee Ce aes Le 109 K LIE) UE GUINSES TiS) gn aint rece ne) I A 212 Speen MRERYIISIEY fen 1 2K Wet PAS Meg e e ss x Rann ORM Coe bled 411 MPC CMRSC UNE Vx. Or tot Tk he ky dando sie Oh oh ee wa Roe TE ERR IIE NR ee ora sky ak. Tee Loe Pepe ae Lk Pood er II4 Se OY Ue i OR Ane ee es nes ee 116 Pa emmrRN GEL a5 4 ov y ok ws cde vo 1 1 ice. pamonen favre et a kee Oe 117 DEAT) CRS URIS Sodk 2, Seas ears eee me SP IT9g BR eee iit een RNY 5 yy veel s s V Te de od kG sack ae eee 123 Re eV USER ISLA fF KALISAS aie piste viv d 6 ot ote ecb oa bee eb Pane he 250 Mi LSAT ECU CCU UIT 9 Be Sil carter em Saal oe eee en ee T2y RreRieerese ney EMANSASSS a, es Got kee Can cet tke Meee cb leas 190 am TPM UNI ATM he Reranch GEES Son nc) ok oie ally Leg Soeigels vs ote a6 130 Cee LOSS FPP oma Se tee Oe pny COE eRe OU a 133 Mineral Resources and Mining of North Arkansas 216 Brie caro walt VITUS If PER ATISAS oh Bahco Sas Sw 2 a as Sew 194 Pei e EL OTE SC CAL Gt WS kieran Une vrearinh sit honda cin avon' chee nce er 238 Pe Teed WG ATW PICA TISAS Wed yet Pia ee Sets anti chd tle osha s 242 ese iS MEDEA HAE Ven wari) coer eins xl ity Fi ow We vB ais Sir ed en A alk A wesc 136 MALOU ONAL a SIM an BETO Ne a oe oe ee Bene Seba ok ers PMO MIMee YE NCO EVES a Kady wipe ren bk ok, OR ae oe ithe td rs oa ack 139 N MACE ANTI ee ee hae ae eat Caleta. e Wed euele GANA Bk a's em I4I Meee ITM EN AGU et ete yee N ee Nee We sat ela ts Kids ae? of EPs wl eh Decks 142 O Pete rebrG le (elit Ate TR RTISAS fiers, hha taal ph ke bas Paces S81 280 OS BEN ESET EY Tog ah at Ge er a aad gn re ge eg T44

INDEX ; Pp PAGE Pasttres and meadow: tsce oaeeeet a eee £ogh Cg oe hate pe ene 299 Pear-. "Blight .:.76:3.tacs.< sacnpinca dete': ay 4 ae era im noes yess ae ema 305 Perry County> 5. 5¢ 2esc oc va tapes fs os bias ities ee 146 Phillips County. 9) 4)..,5 Siew we es ocean 147 Pike: County. soso. gat. s ete sv cate eae oe Sn re cee 149 Poinsett County,' . 5. ile teens © how sa Weiler) Sane ae 150 Polk- Coutnty of 00a ote cites oS ne eee ee ee Cree 154 Pope. County tare sec: oe re eee tee ens oe OR at One Rees 155 Population 'of State' by 'Counties 2 S202 on. sn te eee 192 Prairte -Countyyas fist. 2s rete ae, eS ne 157 Pulaski¢County: Wus. ss os hae a a ae Bee De eee 160 Pulaski. County \Court: House—Cut- of, 2. Jo. ow ce. ee 161 R Randolph. County 22s. 2a eee eae eres ea 164 S St. Francis Coutitys. cree sc. ee 166 Saline: County giecc . 4 Sacer ae gee pat nd ee Ce eee 167 Scott? County ost. cea. 4 uo in be ae ee OE vce 168 Searcy County; oc... dis bevct Poeeuese au able oe 170 mepastians ountyi.se oc sets ¢ eee Vda eee bel eee 172 Sevier: County... 6.00 Jue wieie oualw © eee see 174 Sharp "County: ooo. esse ea.5 02050 Sis eects eee area ie cet ae 177 Spray -Calendar:" 5 \Jsise occ tas os ee ON 310 State Lands. ek ode nc ca nde ci eee 210 Stone.Courity save .o05 oc oS eee ge ee 179 T Aruck: Patch and "Gardén¥.2 4. Siete vr 303 U Union. -County: :252545.94 i732 See 2 e e e 18t Van. Buren. County 2soe5 okra es peek oe ee ee 182 Washington' .Gounty) cs. ecga ce ate oes oe cae 184 Washington 'County. Court House—Cut of 0s0ses 0s os 185 Whetstone. Material in Arkansas: 0514s. os d,s eee) eee 200 White Courity: 2s By aise lee oe aie 186 Woodruff. County 392. tc ees on ectecen eles te ee eee 188 vi:

Yell. County. viii GineBng Sera ee es ee 190

University Of Illinois— Urbana

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