Canada Department of Mines Bulletin Series (1908-1936)

Canada Bureau of Mines · 1908 · International

31-volume Canadian government series covering iron ore (Pontiac, Bristol), peat, electric furnaces, magnetic concentration

This 1908 document, Canada Department of Mines Bulletin Series (1908-1936), is preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library for research and reference. Original source: archive.org.

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Plate I.

General view, Miramichi Quarry Co., Ltd., Quarryville, N.B.

Re gc te CANADA

/Department Of Mines

Hon. ALBERT SiVIGNY, ActinG Minister; R. G. McConneELL, DEPUTY MINISTER.

Mines Branch

Eugene Haanel, Ph.D., Director.

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BULLETIN No. 19 iE 20, Bs 2 é,

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"Tnes..ur 1 vol, Test of some Canadian Sandstones to Determine their Suitability as Pulpstones.

By

L. Heber Cole

Ottawa

' GOVERNMENT PRINTING BUREAU 29608c 1917 No. 466

Letter Of Transmittal.

Dr. EUGENE HAANEL, Director Mines Branch, Department of Mines, Ottawa.

Sir,— I beg to submit herewith the final report on the results of tests of several Canadian sandstones, as to their suitability for use as pulpstones. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant,

Ottawa, August 20, 1917.

Contents.

Introductory

Pulpstones.—

General description, dimensions, etc., and stresses to which they are subjected. Properties of a good pulpstone

Canadian Sandstones. — Localities visited, and sampled:— Ontario (OTT oh Bd AA Sic Ot ty 6 RRR oS ae SIUM ETE ocho GE es RI Cee A ae te The Maritime Provinces

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Tests to which samples were subjected.—

Granulomettic-analysiswn yarns sacra itn rsa ccs saree Geant ace aeee uae Hardness test, (Dorry Hardness Machine) Toughness test, (Page Impact Machine) Microscopic examination for structure

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Results of tests.— able sia mGranulometrcanalyses: 5 4a94.iac2 3 ee th ee aa eee 5 II. Cumulative percentages, Canadian and imported pulpstones ae ulema arcness testy... 5. ass sania eeeenee era ait: cate eee ee en aa mine Views LOS OTeSs test in soa Aarsl aiie anin tek ey ya oie ae en " Nem Mickascopiewexamination sna. psu ee ee ee eee ne Conclusions to be drawn from results of above tests Suggested course for future investigation Index

ILLUSTRATIONS. : Photographs.

Plate I. General view, Miramichi Quarry Co., Ltd., Quarryville, N.B Frontispiece

uiteViethodiol preparing) pulpstomectm aie sone Mac ae ae Ill. Lower beds—Miramichi Quarry Co., Ltd., Quarryville, N.B. (These beds of sandstone are from 10 to 12 feet in thickness) IV. View showing sandstone beds, Adam Hill's quarry on northwest Mira- Aichirivers New Brunswick! see hee ents ee eae ; V. View in Miramichi Quarry Co's. quarry—showing upper sandstone beds ang, tnekness ot overburdentyneneaciia since eee een WI. Microphotographs of grinding faces of Canadian sandstones and imported pulpstones: showing relative grinding qualities. Magnification—12 diameters oblique reflected light

Drawings. Fig. 1. Wood grinder—side elevation of standard 3-pocket grinder 2. Wood grinder—sectional elevation showing method of securing stone on SETENLIIVES, § 2.8 pigicrctatt Gages Sak Oi Rec PO ePID RES nO SR DCCL TIRUEDT ee cB PULSES KORG) O00 00S ys Mae A Re te ES A ae te aR a Me 4. Graphic comparison of screen analyses of Canadian sandstones, with average analysis of seven imported stones

TEST OF SOME CANADIAN SANDSTONES TO DETER- MINE THEIR SUITABILITY AS PULPSTONES.

Introductory.

The Great War has demonstrated to Canadians the pressing need of a more vigorous investigation and exploitation of the natural resources of the country, with a view to supplying the growing industries with raw materials and the factories with appliances, etc., commodities which have, heretofore, been largely imported. The need is all the greater when it is considered that, even after the war is over, it will be a number of years before it will be feasible to import goods from either Great Britain or the United States at anything like the freight rates and prices which existed prior to the war. In many cases it has already been found that Canada contains materials within her borders, which have been proved by examination and test, to be in every way the equal, in quality and adaptability, of the imported product; and which, in many cases, can be produced at a considerably less cost than the original, pre-war cost of the imported article.

With a view to determining whether Canadian Sandstones would not be suitable for use as wood pulp grinders, the writer was instructed by the Director of the Mines Branch, Ottawa, to investigate certain sandstone areas in the Maritime Provinces and other parts of eastern Canada; to procure samples from such as appeared promising; to test the same; and to prepare a report on the results obtained. It was conceived that two purposes would be served by such an investigation: (1) to locate a Canadian source for supplying pulpstones to the pulp mills, to make up for the serious shortage caused by the impossibility of obtaining, at reasonable prices, stones from Great Britain and the United States; and (2) to suggest to the sandstone quarry owners, a possible market for their product, and thus encourage and assist a comparatively new branch of the industry in Canada.

The following report is the result of the investigation and tests.

Pulpstones.

In order that intending producers of grinding stones may have some technical idea of the work required from a stone, and the stresses and strain to which it is subjected when in actual operation, the following brief description is given of the process of manufacturing wood pulp.

The mechanical process of producing cellulose fibres for paper making, consists,—after cutting the wood into short lengths or bolts, and removing the bark—of grinding the wood into a fine pulp fibre by means of a large rotating stone. To obtain as long, thin, and flexible a fibre as possible, the wood bolts are pressed against the curved face of the stone with their longitudinal axis parallel to the shaft turning the stone. The bolts are held against the stone by hydraulic pressure, applied by means of plungers. Figs. 1 and 2, show two diagrammatic views of a standard, 3-pocket, pulp grinder. The wood bolts are fed into the three pockets, hence there are, at the same time, three grinding points on the stone. Machines of this

type employ stones varying from 26" to 34" thick and 54", diameter. The standard size is 27" by 54''—as shown in Fig. 3.

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The stresses to which a stone in a machine of this type is subjected, can readily be seen. The centrifugal force of the rotating stone; the friction on the grinding face caused by the pressing of the bolts on the surface under heavy pressure; the pressure on the sides of the stone by the flanges which hold it to the shaft—including the driving force; and the expansion

and contraction strains due to the uneven heating of the stone by the heavy friction: thus, the complicated nature of the stresses which a stone has to withstand can readily be imagined. With a magazine grinder—which employs a stone 54" thick by 62' diameter, the stresses are still further complicated, since only two pockets are employed, and these are directly opposite each other. In this case, an extra stress is developed, due to, the pressure of the bolts on opposite sides of the stone. At any moment of the stone's rotation, there is a tendency for the shape of the stone to be somewhat altered and assume—due to this lateral pressure on each side—

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the form of an ellipse, with the longer axis vertical. This causes the development of tension in certain parts of the stone; while other parts are subjected to compression. As the stone is rotating at a rapid rate, that part, which one moment is in compression, passes rapidly into tension, and vice versa. Consequently, any part of the stone is constantly alternating from one to

the other, as well as being subjected to the strains and stresses already mentioned.

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The speed at which the stone is rotated will vary in different mills, but will generally range from 200 to 225 R.P.M.; while the pressure in the cylinders will vary from 60 to 125 lbs. per square inch. The stones range in weight from 2 to 4 tons. From these figures it will readily be seen to what enormous strains the stones are subjected.

Fig. 3. Pulpstone 27" X 54",

The life of a good stone seems to be about one year, and in this time it will wear from 54" down to 40' diameter.

Properties Of A Good Stone.

There are several essential qualities which a sandstone must have ia order to be accepted as a good pulpstone;i.e., texture, grinding qualities, and strength.

Texture

In order to produce long, thin, and flexible fibre, the stone must tear the fibres apart, rather than cut, hence a sandstone in which the grains are slightly rounded on the edges, will give better results than one whose particles are ragged and angular. On the other hand, a sandstone with grains perfectly rounded, will tend rather to polish than to cut, and will produce a pulp that is very greatly inferior both in length of fibre and thickness to that produced by a sandstone with sub-angular grains.

Moreover, the size of the grains have to be taken into consideration. If the grains are coarse, the stone will cut faster, and produce more pulp

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than where the grain is finer; but the pulp produced in the former case is of poorer quality and coarser texture than when a finer grained stone is employed. Thus the size of grain, as well as its angularity, are both points to be considered.

Grinding Qualities.

In order that a stone may have good grinding qualities the structure of the material should be such, that the matrix or constituent bonding the grains together is softer than the sand grains. Being softer, the matrix will wear away faster, and the sand grains project, leaving the surface of the stone roughened. The stone should be of uniform composition and hardness throughout, otherwise it will wear unevenly and thus reduce its effectiveness. If a stone is too hard, it is liable, apart from cutting and tearing the fibres, to polish smooth, and require frequently to have a fresh grinding face turned on it. On the other hand, if it is too soft, it will wear rapidly and produce less pulp than a stone of average hardness.

As already explained, a pulpstone is subjected to considerable stresses and strains, therefore it should be of sufficient strength to withstand these strains, and have a considerable factor of safety.

In briefly summing up the qualities of a good pulpstone, it may be laid down that a sandstone used for this purpose, must be uniform in texture throughout; have grains of angular to semi-angular form cemented together by a softer matrix; have sufficient strength; must be of medium hardness; and the cutting grains must be of a size suitable for producing the grade of pulp required.

Canadian Sandstones.

In the field. work in connexion with an investigation of this nature there are several important points, apart from the characteristics just enumerated, which have to be taken into consideration when examining a possible locality for the quarrying of pulpstones. A stone may fulfil all the physical requirements of a good pulpstone, yet may be lacking in the following features, any one of which would bar it from being employed. The points may be enumerated briefly as follows :—

(1) A quarry must be situated convenient to either water or rail transportation.

(2) The beds must be of sufficient thickness and free from joint planes to enable stones of the required size to be excavated with the least trouble and waste.

(3) The quarry must contain enough stone of the proper thickness and uniformity to warrant operations being carried out on a sufficiently large scale.

(4) The rock when freshly quarried must be of such a nature as to enable it to be easily chipped and turned into the proper dimensions and also harden on being exposed and seasoned for a reasonable length of time.

It can readily be seen that the localities which would fulfil all these requirements would naturally not be very numerous, and in the field work this proved to be the case. The investigation was confined to the eastern part of Ontario, and certain sections in the province of Quebec and the Maritime Provinces. A brief description is given of each of the localities from which samples were taken.

Localities Visited And Sampled. Ontario.

In the province of Ontario there are few occurrences of sandstone which would be at all suitable. The Potsdam sandstone which is the most abundant sandstone formation in the eastern part of the province was found to be either too hard or else too friable and in beds badly fractured. Only one locality was deemed worth sampling.

J.C. Higginson Quarry, Hawkesbury, Prescott County, Ont.

On the eastern outskirts of the town of Hawkesbury, Ont., near the C.N.R. Station, an outcrop of sandstone of the Chazy formation is being quarried for use as road material and building purposes. The quarry presents in places a face of 6 feet, the upper three feet being thinly bedded and badly shattered, but the lower bed is in some places fully three feet in thickness. According to Dr. Parks report! a well in the vicinity shows that the deposit is fully 50 feet in thickness. Asample from the quarry was taken and tested. (Sample No. 13.)

Quebec.

In the province of Quebec, in the area lying southwest of Montreal, between the St. Lawrence river and the international boundary line, a number of outcrops of Potsdam sandstone were examined but no material, suitable for pulpstones was encountered.

The Maritime Provinces.

The Carboniferous system which contains numerous beds of sandstone,' principally in the Permo-Carboniferous and Millstone Grit, is well developed in the Maritime Provinces and since the quarries already opened in these measures show beds of considerable thickness, it was in localities where these formations occur that the most time was spent. In all, about 25 localities were visited, but as many of these could not possibly produce stone suitable for pulpstone, only those from which samples were taken for testing will be described.

1 Report on Building and Ornamental Stones of Canada, Vol. I, No. 100. By Dr. W. A. Parks. Published by Mines Branch, Dept. of Mines, Ottawa, 1912.

o PLATE II.

Method of preparing pulpstones.

Plate Iii.

Lower beds, Miramichi Quarry Co., Limited, Quarryville, N.B. (These beds of sandstone are from 10 to 12 feet in thickness. )

Read Stone Company, Sackville, N.B.

Stonehaven Quarries.

These quarries are situated on the south shore of Chaleur bay at Stonehaven, in the parish of New Brandon, Gloucester county. The beds are exposed for a depth of about 70 feet, the lower 15 feet of the excavation being below the high water level of the bay. This has necessitated the building of dams to keep out the water. This work entails heavy expenditure, and would probably be a material factor in the cost of excavating the stones. The lower beds from which the sample was taken have a total thickness, in places, of 15 feet, which, however, is divided into layers from 1 to 3 feet in thickness, so that it is doubtful if any great number of stones of 27' face could be obtained from this quarry. (Sample No. 10.)

Adam Hill Quarry, Cassils P.O., N.B.

This quarry is not in operation at the present time and the lower beds could not be examined owing to their being under water. The quarry is situated on the north bank of the northwest arm of the Miramichi river, about 9 miles from Newcastle, N.B. The products are shipped down the river by barge to Newcastle, N.B.

The beds are not uniform in character throughout the quarry and vary from 6 inches to 4 feet in thickness. Some of the beds contain "bulls" and coarse streaks which would bar their use for pulpstones, but there are parts of certain beds which would yield blocks of the required size. The sample for testing was taken from one of the larger and more uniform beds. (Sample No. 3.)

The Miramichi Quarry Co., Ltd., Quarryville, N.B.

R. Geo. Hood, President and Managing Director. Head Office,—10 Richmond Square, Montreal, Que.

The property owned by this company extends from the north shore of the Miramichi river, a little over a mile along the west side of Indiantown brook. The quarry is opened for a length of nearly 300 feet and has been worked back from the edge of the creek for a depth of nearly 200 feet. The total height of the face above the level of the creek is about 100 feet and the following is an average section :-—

44 feet. Layers of sandstone varying from 2 to 7 feet thick. Some of these beds are shattered but a considerable quantity of blocks of suitable size for pulpstones could be obtained from them.

11 feet. Medium grained stone with joint planes 10 feet apart.

2 feet. Badly shattered section with shale and coal seams.

10 feet. Medium grained stone with joint planes 10 to 12 feet apart.

20 feet. Covered with talus and broken rock.

The beds vary somewhat in texture, and tend to be coarser towards the bottom. Some of the beds show the presence of "'bulls'' which consist of the stone hardened by local crystallization; in some cases the partings are filled with mud or carbonaceous material, which also occasionally occurs in their veinlets through the beds. From the whole, however, with careful selection, a large tonnage of stone could be obtained of suitable dimensions.

This quarry is already equipped with the necessary apparatus for preparing pulpstones and has, moreover, been manufacturing these stones in a small way for the past 15 or 20 years. The stones from this quarry have been used in several of the Canadian pulp mills and have apparently given satisfaction for the class of work for which they were employed. The sample for testing was taken from the lowest bed exposed. (Sample

No. 4.) Read Stone Company, Sackville, N.B.

Indiantown Quarry, Quarryville, N.B.

This quarry has been opened within the last couple of years, but already a face of 30 feet high is exposed. The property is situated on the east side of Indiantown brook, directly opposite the quarry of the Miramichi Quarry Co. Apparently the top beds exposed in the latter quarry, are missing in this quarry and consequently only the thicker beds are exposed. This stone is very similar in texture and composition to that which is found in the lower beds of the Miramichi quarry. The sample for testing was taken from the lowest beds. (Sample No. 5.)

Torryburn, N.B.

An outcrop of sandstone occurs at tide level, on the shore of Kennebecasis bay, to the west of Hasting's cove, and north of Torryburn station on the Canadian Government Railway line from St. John to Moncton. This outcrop rises to a height of about 20 feet at a distance of 50 yards from the shore. The rock is exposed a distance of about 300 feet along the shore, and the beds have an average dip of approximately 35° to the southwest.

No quarrying has been done on this outcrop, hence no idea can be obtained as to whether blocks of sufficient size for pulpstones could be quarried. The rock varies in character in different parts of the exposure; from a badly shattered stone spotted with iron stains, through a medium grained gritty stone fairly clean and uniform, to a compact, close-grained, and very brittle rock which is practically a quartzite. The outcrop extends about 200 yards back from the shore. Similar rock outcrops about 3 to 4 of a mile inland. The sample for testing was taken from the medium grained gritty stone at the shore. (Sample No. 6.)

C. W. Dean Property, Adamsville, N.B.

This propei ty was not visited by the writer, but the sample for testing was furnished by Mr. Dean, who refers to this occurrence as follows :—

View showing sandstone beds, Adam Hill's Quarry, on northwest Miramichi river, N.B.

PLaTeE V.

View in Miramichi Quarry Co's. quarry, showing upper sandstone beds and thickness of overburden.

The sample is a piece picked up from a slide which occurred last summer. The bed referred to is of immense size; there are three layers totalling 20 feet high, also several layers not so thick; the total deposit measures at least 50 feet high and extends over the whole district. The outcrop is on the branch of the Coal Branch river, which would afford an excellent dump for the waste rock and soil of which there is only about 4 feet. There is no doubt as to getting stones of the required dimensions; I measured two blocks as follows"'; 40" by 60" by 1207. 40" by 32" by 70". From Mr. Dean's description it would appear that rock of sufficient size for pulpstones in a considerable quantity can be obtained from this

The Smith quarry is situated to the south of the Canadian Government Railway, about a mile west of Shediac station. The quarry is opened up for a distance of about 200 feet along the east bank of the Shediac river, and has been worked back from the river for a depth of 100 feet. The face at present is over 75 feet high. Only the lower beds are of sufficient thickness to furnish blocks of suitable size for the manufacturing of pulpstones.. The rock, however, is very uniform throughout, and like all the other sandstones of the Maritime Provinces has the quality of working readily when green, and hardening remarkably on being seasoned. The sample for testing was taken from the lower beds. (Sample No. 7.)

Valentine Hickey Property, Stake Road P.O., N.S.

About one mile to the north of Stake Road P.O. on the farm of Valentine Hickey there is an outcrop of sandstone about 3 feet thick dipping about 60° to the south. The stone as far as could be seen was very uniform in character, but little could be told concerning the deposit owing to only a small portion of the beds being exposed. A sample was taken for testing. (Sample No. 8.)

Morristown Quarry, Antigonish, N.S.

The sample from this quarry was furnished for testing by Mr. A. R. Chambers of New Glasgow, N.S., and the property was not visited by the writer. This quarry is situated on the Bay of St. George near the Morristown wharf. (Sample No. 11.)

In all the above mentioned localities in the Maritime Provinces, the freshly quarried rock is comparatively soft, but hardens rapidly on exposure to the air. This greatly lessens the cost of production as it enables the blocks to be chipped and shaped with comparative ease.

Method Of Manufacturing Pulpstones.

The preparation of a pulpstone for the market requires very little machinery. The block after being quarried in a sufficient size, is roughly chipped and chiselled with a few inches to spare on all dimensions. The hole through the centre for the shafting is then cut, and the stone placed

on a 4 to 6 inch shafting, belted to some driving power. The stone is firmly fastened to this shafting by means of large flanges, and revolved rapidly. Then, a large shaping chisel is pressed against the face turning it to the required size: an operation similar to wood-turning on a lathe. When finished, the stone is stored and allowed to ''season," preferably for a year. When shipping, it is preferable to crate the stone to prevent the cutting face from being chipped and damaged.

Tests To Which Samples Were Subjected.

In an investigation of this nature it is not practicable to obtain full size working specimens and to watch their behaviour under actual working conditions. This method naturally would be the best way to determine whether a sandstone is suitable for pulpwood grinding. Much information of value, however, can be gained from tests made on small specimens in the laboratory, and from the results obtained one can readily determine whether a sandstone weuld be worth testing out on a full sized stone.

In order to obtain comparative results of value, seven pieces of imported pulpstones which had been used and had proved satisfactory, were obtained from three Canadian pulp companies, and these samples were submitted to the same tests as were the samples obtained from Canadian localities. By taking the average results obtained from the imported stones and comparing the results obtained for the Canadian samples with this average, an idea as to the value of the Canadian material for this purpose can be obtained. The tests to which the samples were subjected were :—

Granulometric Analysis.

A small portion of each sample was carefully crushed by hand in an earthenware mortar, great care being exercised so as not to crush the sandstone grains, and yet not to leave any group of grains still cemented together. When the sample was broken down completely into its original individual grains, 100 grams was weighed out and screened through a set of Tyler Standard Screens. The results obtained from this test give one an idea of the texture of the stone with regard to the size of grain. The test is carried out as follows :—

The 100 gram sample is placed in the coarsest screen, which is nested into the next size finer, and so on down to the 200 mesh, and retaining pan on bottom. The nest of screens is then thoroughly shaken on a mechanical shaker: the material retained on each screen being collected, weighed, and noted. The sample in the first place being 100 grams, the weight recorded as retained on each screen is the percentage retained on that screen; and the cumulative per cent, or the percentage of all the material that would be retained on any given screen, if that screen alone were employed, can readily be determined. The screens for this test and the form used for tabulating the results are as follows:—

fod cate the screen SCREEN SCALE RATIO 1-414 eb WEIGHTS crushed through : and also first Openings Diameter E ' Ha Sak retaining ; Mesh Wire! ample percent |Cumulascreen Milli weights tive Inches sah eae Inches 2 Weights 1-050 26-67 OH oat Les ene LtBlo.d grb chal Creamer +742 18-85 SAC iy all td RR CSE TA Ie Mei Aare eFC oel ICI +525 13-33 OS NDS) Niele ue OR eR IL RU ic trot Al ee 371 9-423 SOD 20 eis Oe SNe A nie. Mecha etic acts +263 6-680 3 SOKO "UAT epee ee es TA ea eee -185 4.699 4 SOG SE [Mute ss lel eat eee trate eta ares +131 3-327 6 STUIGS Copa Lt Renae! (Piel, Reichel taal (CRE CRE +093 2-362 8 SS 2 Ne ach Ores lard creveestorans etegeterace -065 1-651 10 DOSS Cr nan ae acy] Seren peep eee Conte seed 2s -046 1-168 14 A VAS OME vee reel (HAE lo ARE hal eas. ceet ae -0328 833 20 SOT 208 ies ak enact eee RID uct Blane ci +0232 -589 28 (OM RYE A reenter tal tte Skane lstooth Raunt -0164 -417 £5 SOLD 2 VG teers, s atiie'| Sega ee ay ean Pliers ter -0116 +295 48 OOO 2m lean Dee alors Merced Mexsh cy stones fers -0082 +208 65 OO M25) Pere ta rimaliaie seta taag edhe is sere -0058 +147 100 er ears a cit eel uk oe ee Aetl h oente reels +0041 -104 150 AOOZG RAE een lly., Samia e Prateek setcueneral Pa pratlas vores 1 0029 -047 200 Ty WMC Seal ober: Siete ae eR a vie MASS belo ct Verein 6 0020 -047 200 S002 Ai a pict cncars eae dh ctepatayaltchet aohepe 2s MR Ota ls eeulenateele ce clhestoeyiba sedate llleae, ssh aoe

To gain an idea of the fineness of the grain of the stone, by way of comparison, and to be able to express this in one figure, the average _fineness of the sample is calculated. This is determined as follows: the quantity of material passing through each screen and retained on the next smaller is multiplied by the mesh of the screen passed through. The results thus obtained are totalled, and divided by 100, the final result being the average fineness. In other words, if all the grains of the sample were reduced to a uniform size, they would just pass through a screen whose mesh was equal to the average fineness of the sample.

Hardness Test.

The hardness or abrasive quality of the samples was tested on a Dorry Hardness Machine. Cylinders 1 inch diameter were obtained by means of a diamond drill, from the sample blocks of sandstone. One end of each cylindrical test piece is pressed against a horizontally revolving plate, on which is spread standard quartz sand. The core and holder is weighted to 1,250 grams, and the machine allowed to run for 500 revolutions. The test piece is weighed before and after the test and the figures given in the table are the number of grams lost due to the grinding action of the quartz sand.

Toughness Test.

The strength of the sample to resist sudden strains, etc., was tested by impact. In this test, cylinders 1 inch diameter and 1 inch high were cut

from the diamond drill cores, and tested on a Page Impact Machine. On this machine, the blow from a two kilogram hammer, dropping from heights increasing by 1 centimetre after each blow, is transmitted to the test cylinders by a steel plunger having a spherical end resting on the cylinder. The height of the last drop of the hammer expressed in centimetres is the figure taken as representing resistance to shock and is given in the table.

Microscopic Examination for Structure.

With a view to studying the texture and composition, each of the samples of the various stones were examined under a binocular microscope, and the results duly tabulated.

Microphotographs were also taken of the surfaces of the cylinders after the hardness test.

Seventeen samples in all were examined, seven being imported pulpstones, and ten Canadian sandstones. The localities from which these samples were obtained were :—

1. English Pulpstone, Booth Lumber Co.

2. American Pulpstone, Booth Lumber Co.

3. Hill's Quarry, Northwest Miramichi river, N.B. 4, The Miramichi Quarry Co., Quarryville, N.B. 5. The Read Stone Co., Quarryville, N.B.

6. Torryburn Sandstone, near St. John, N.B.

7. Smith Quarry, Shediac, N.B.

8. Sandstone, Stake Road P.O., N.S.

9. American Pulpstone, E. B. Eddy Co.

10. Read Stone Co., Stonehaven, N.B.

11. Morristown Quarry, Antigonish, N.S.

12. Dean Property, Adamsville, N.B.

13. Higginson Quarry, Hawkesbury, Ont.

14. English Pulpstone, E. B. Eddy Co.

15. English Pulpstone, Laurentide Co.

16. American Pulpstone, Laurentide Co. (Empire, Ohio.)

17. American Pulpstone, Laurentide Co. (W. Virginia.)

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TABLE V. Microscopic Examination

6 7 8 J 12 3 : jf |Light-greenish. Brownish- |Light-brown Blue grey. ite. creat! to grey. white. white. a re lar to Angular to Rounded. Angular. Semi-angular |Rounded to |Semi-angular. pee steuler eae, semi-angular. to rounded. semiartz Quartz Quartz Quartz re et ee occasional altered feldspar elon ica iron specks. feldspar and _|occasional flakes. chlorite. i . |Argillaceous. Siliceous. Argillaceous _|Siliceous Argillaceous e slightly slightly carcareous. bonaceous.

ae

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i # ti — ee ere a et AR I hl SEE slip F ot wlingah ota hugo, a? sti : wlan ; Be eit) gelert Seligitg-ise oishrede-torse derd.| jseuntbres! ' ) eaenniltes ance ee pe a et et erm en ee oemeaeal a oe Ay, tu ss)! siveuQ) srusnQ stisuQ)| 'Oegilaqionn4 ' eblgti reqeblol i: sayablot! Adnoie89 20) jor (elesusuph . 'wima} Be vepten| soe astaien| sokean ad iborfipolaec sos ise " aa aaa aR wae hina peck 1 tas bball creel p t ; :. . . nd mica. [specks 4 a ee eee eee ren mee paar S ee ae A align AO9OB BiligiA) enreeae yalligr A Si awvogpili@: Silewogasole. a .. t is ' '3 ' DOE a ae ee ee: 5 ee ' ' fae Loe ' . ti

The results of the granulometric analyses, cumulative percentages, and average fineness are given in Tables I and II. From Table II, by taking all the results for the imported stones, and obtaining an average, figures were obtained from which the heavy curve in Fig. 4 was plotted. This curve, therefore, represents the average cumulative result of screen analyses of the seven imported samples. On the same diagram are plotted the curves of the ten Canadian samples for purposes of comparison.

Tables III and IV give the results obtained by the hardness and toughness tests. The average of the results of the imported stones are in each case noted for purposes of comparison. Table V gives in tabulated form the results of the microscopic examination of the samples. Plate VI shows the relative cutting qualities of the seventeen samples.

Conclusions.

In summing up the results to be drawn from the data obtained in these tests certain tentative specifications can be stated in a general way.

The tests carried out gave remarkably similar results for all the seven imported stones; so that it may be reasonably assumed that a stone, giving test results approximating to the average of imported stones, should be a likely stone from which to make pulpstones. It will be seen by closely studying the tables, and noting the results, that several of the Canadian samples compare very favourably with the standard average. With a little co-operation between the owners of prospective quarries, and consumers of pulpstones, an industry in this product could soon be firmly established in Canada.

The results obtained in this investigation lead one to believe that there are great possibilities for largely extending the pulpstone industry in Canada, which now is only of small proportion. Little encouragement has been given the producers of Canadian stones by the consumer, and when such stones have been purchased sufficient time has not been allowed to ensure securing stones which were properly seasoned. With proper encouragement and consideration from the pulpstone consumers, the pulpstone industry should show a marked improvement in the next few years. The tests already conducted, both in labatory and on a commercial scale, tend to show that pulpstones having thereon the legend "Made in Canada" can be placed on the Canadian and the United States markets with every confidence that they will prove equal to the best imported stones.

To The Manufacturer.

Great care should be taken in the selection of the blocks for pulpstones. They should be absolutely free, as far as can be seen from a careful examination of the outside, from seams, cracks, or ''bulls.'"' Above all, see to it that the finished stones are ''seasoned'' under cover at the quarry, for at least a year, if possible, before selling; and crate well for shipment.

To The Customer.

Endeavour to purchase only seasoned stones. And when Canadian stones are purchased, test them with an open mind as to how they behave under working conditions; in other words, give them every chance to prove their suitability by centering them with extreme care; running them light, until uniformly heated, and take all the reasonable precautions usually followed in good practice.

Suggested Course For Future Investigation.

The results achieved in this investigation have shown the great opportunity there is for valuable experimentation in connexion with the mechanical grinding of wood pulp. The present practice is, to use a solid stone, of which, only about 14 to 16 inches of the face is worn off in the grinding process; the greater bulk of the stone being then discarded. This is manifestly a wasteful method. -The possibility, therefore, of manufacturing an artificial stone suitable for this work, seems to be worthy of study. The points to be ascertained in an investigation along this line would be to obtain a cement sufficiently hard, and capable of withstanding the severe stresses and high temperature to which a pulpstone is subjected. If this were accomplished, the centre part of the stone could be made permanent, and only the outer grinding surface would have to be renewed.

© ss

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Average Curve Fo. Imported Stones

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Opening

GANIVLAY LHOIGM LINAOYAd AAILWINWNAD

1 sandstones, with average analysis of

seven imported stones.

Fig. 4. Graphic comparison of screen analyses of Canadiat

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Fig. 4. Graphic comparison of screen analyses of Canadian sandstones, with average analysis of ; seven imported stones. ; %

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INDEX. A AGA Tab CUaeh ye GASSUS,) Ni Drrapats.rra stars or sitrite ci SRE ato eae lathe ee one 7 Chamibers A hk sample furnished Pyne aiao) we neen ete tke eee ceeso ck an 9 RERCHISIONS ee Seer Aci iif en ota eA latches one Se PRET rt me reel, Se cnt. ya ae 15 D CAT te Cai GANOSCONED PLOPETUY: cic) 2 teckel oe Pe hae inte Smee ee ele ae 8 G Granulonictricg analyses at aint cisev cme eo iae eS oy aera Pad EN at Ai 10, 13 H EPA TAMCSS OSL MAT EN MN SPR a ono te ie ci SRN aN Ries ACR Rea) Nae eam REA OL ae SBR 11, 14 amkespunypsavdstonerquathy, atic sce laces Acree somite he nee teen no ae 6 PGlcayemVA IE ITIEN DEODELLY Mca; a fe cfs, siete aes tuelReel a al era Rare Cl eta ie ae eR Shs 9 iceInsoiew ue. SAlGstONe, QUALITY: 3.4 ilslcisias lotta se oe Ree ee OR eee 6 HREROCUGLOR Vane aa teesicale se lotuee AeA So ached crac u LO Oe ERS ERS Ne eel ete LMI Ho ie 1 RACLIA NT OWE GUALE Viet sole aye ¥ cher.) siete, welnini sala tehd aE eo a ee ne 8 M Maritime: ereyincess: sandstone depositsiin. 1.) ane ee ae cea ae 6 NiCtoseopic examination forstructure. J. saree ore eee re eee: 12, 14 Miteana chinOmarr ys CO. Noe ge Bens share Lane mg nee een ae Op ats hee tf INI epET ISCO MUNG M ATT yienccsk Net feces cla hsctore eh okt aad RR ELT Mente eerie 9 Ontanosiew-sandstones siita bles)... de wanes cl eotti SORE ile hidden 6 Je Bilperindingsmmethod Ofmaaay se cect eo fa eee RIOR ESET sc be ae Meee 1 Ee stoned mCatiadiame sunt style ws Hie Ant eak ee eM Een Ue intr ain RO & 5 PE eLOOC Ot mnaniracturingys 0h ati Mea aie one Conc vl enen A aes 9 P properties required iter ita e) ca ee ee eee es ee ee 4 is MOR TEC UITe: OL ce is.-ceh ara vores een eT Maen et nd hentai a ee 1 Q Onehecanorsuitable-sandstone found).|.2; Jae sna tied ok es one Seki sk ee 6 R CoE SUGUed COMM ee GaN sth erate eG lino v4 ed Jama e eae idle me eld oad ee ee 7,8 Ss SEM UC ats CED ante Ge Stitt) she cy. eck elnts herd ua i Eat Ses Ware rae eae 9 SRCTENG GT CRDERSCRS 4505 Ole) GUS A Notre tee Us een ee eee 7 STE OTE. 5 od We ddd GEM Re ete aaa err ie ek an emer CG conti 16 if Sierra Sone etmMOTHetric analyses...) als desicde eve bee civsbnessmtaeudesst 13 PEG ECR a TVerDeLCENtA PES) 1165. csi ds wa ted ds cre Ais isda oe male doe emer 13 HINT, CO Gata hives ache ASS Te a a a RS ARO ae ee RR Ee PeeWee 14 MEME ONENESS! LOSE NAcc nyaka sic) Auman) Stacks: os, dacs a Shs Ganga aeons 14 "4 Re DIIREOSCO DIC EXATHIMATION 100 tets Ue aaah soskdve: aioe ch wu cic basis She ted , 14 Ie Ott ot oe ee ly bbs 4 kaaielaale wade 12 pameonmaicl samples were subjected)... ois. 66cccnsscceedecvcwesssemvecs eves 10 eee i Sandstone OULCTOP 0.. 00. ce cena en een cusssucucteeneeods 8

a oh give Sie rate ipigla ob nie Lindow os bale Mesa aee 11, 14

pu oS OprAWwA ee ee: Sa,

Canada Department Of Mines

Hon. MARTIN BURRELL, MinisTER; R. G. MCCONNELL, DEPUTY MINISTER.

Mines Branch

EUGENE HAANEL, PuH.D., DIRECTOR.

Mineral Springs of Canada.

In Two Parts

Part Ii.

The Chemical Character of some Canadian Mineral Springs.

By

R. T. Elworthy, B.Sc.

ne OTTAWA GOVERNMENT PRINTING BUREAU 30562c 1918 No. 472

Mi

si sa ty Daa OY

Letter Of Transmittal.

EUGENE HAANEL, Ph.D.,

Director Mines Branch,

Department of Mines, Ottawa. Sic, —

I beg to submit the results of an investigation of the chemical character of some Canadian mineral springs, constituting Part II of the report on "Mineral Springs of Canada". Part I, entitled 'The Radioactivity of some Canadian Mineral Springs'', is now in the press.

These two reports contain the complete results of the work that has thus far been undertaken.

(Signed) R. T. Elworthy. Ottawa, October 4, 1917.

ean

CALPE SWE Ah MM ic a

Contents.

lPikides iq alae Seb Ob en bepe deen dcenucds Uc oppo S emo dacUboB amt CDG aE -Orst Definitions in connexion with mineral waters.

What is meant by mineral water 0. es eee eee eet etn tenes

Distinction between spring and well water 6 5 es espe ee seers

Distinction between mineral and sanitary analysis 0++s+s sees

The constituents of a mineral water 02.0 c eee eee ee ete e ett ees Statement of the results of a water analysis.

Statement in ionic form superior to statement of hypothetical combination... .

Reocting Values. 6.06 bec ak def sue cis atte ee asetonicins Aopen gone tintin Classification of the waters.

Chase Palmer's classification. 2..-2.0 ccc ee cert te ee eee teneaee

Haywood's classification :eeece cece cere e teeter eet een enenens Collection of samples, and the methods of analysis.

Procedurerin: thes Meld). ci ckis oltrca cis arated tievaie ciate wale letra ialerera spo atoroilene.e ths

Field observations and measurements 0000 e eee e ere rete e ents

Methods of analysis jee cee ce 2 -1-)-feie or riietetere aisles) erode tre eohory rel eag te

Accuracy of the analyses) ¢. 3... <4: stele serie sn oy) in veenelen le cusses Description of Springs, and tabulated analyses.

eastern Ontario. occ cules as.8 Heelers SORTA rats rova states onovey ale ai ie slniar ey eutkebahsveAeheraizeg

Therapeutics of mineral waters sess eee eee Economic value of the springs. SEALISCIGS oo Ae ccs osc ite cccre apeeee: bons 6 SOL Me SLR Ra al coma ROH Re or Sr caitaceel oe female 0 Development of Canadian Mineral Waters e+seeeeerrerecree Canadian Mineral Spring Resorts 00s ceee eee e cere ees e ee enenees Table of Springs, arranged according to class see eerste cess Bibliography of methods of classification of mineral waters +--

ILLUSTRATIONS. Photographs.

Plate WeuCarlehad Springs, Onty. ©. ..c-itetaete peor oltre le aaa A II. Sulphur and Saline springs; Caledonia Springs, Prescott co., Onts au

% III. Gas spring: Caledonia Springs, Prescott co., Ont.

IV. La Providence spring, St. Hyacinthe, Que +-+seseesee>

- V. St. Leon (Lupien) spring, Que... 2.0.20... 0. eee eect eens eee

' Wim soring at Berthier, Quel... 2.4.20 nae eee tabi aye cite ys

, WII. Middle spring and Cave, Banff,PAlbertas ji: 6.03 os sees eee mabe:

VIII. Cave Alberta 0ccse cess eee e eee e rene ee Px Basinspring, Banff, Alberta... 205 00. oe een oe ets

- X. Government swimming bath, Banff, Alberta

Drawings. F

me

g. 1. Sketch map of Carlsbad Springs, Ont seer ee reer rccees Seoesketch map of Banfi, Alberta. 02 0. cee ew nc eres eaten erties

Shah aN iN

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Part Ii. Chemical Character Of The Waters.

Mineral Springs Of Canada. Part Ii.

Chemical Character Of The Waters.

Introductory.

The Mines Branch, Department of Mines, commenced in the summer of 1914 an investigation of Canadian mineral springs. The investigation of the waters as to their radioactive properties, was made a prominent feature of the work, and a report on this subject has already been published as Bulletin No. 16, entitled ''The Radioactivity of some Canadian Mineral: Springs." The major part of the investigation, however, has been the detailed chemical examination of the waters and the results that have been obtained during the last three years form the substance of this report.

Some explanation is necessary beyond the bare statement of the analyses of mineral waters in order to render the results intelligible to the non-technical reader, and especially to the owners of the springs and to mineral water dealers. Therefore, an attempt is made to explain the several ways in which the results of a water analysis are expressed; to state as far as is possible the particular therapeutic value of each water; and to compare Canadian mineral waters with some well-known European and American waters, especially those which have been imported, and sold in Canada.

The scope of the work has been outlined in Part I of this report. In brief, the principal springs in eastern Ontario and western Quebec were examined, more especially in the neighbourhood of Ottawa and of Montreal. Particulars of the celebrated hot springs at Banff, Alberta, are also included, as well as analyses of several mineral springs from the Peace River district in Alberta.

In conducting this investigation of the mineral waters of the Dominion, it was found that many of the springs were in a neglected condition, and unused, hence, no attempt was made to examine every spring in the districts surveyed; but those investigated include almost everyone of any economic importance: such as the Caledonia; Russell Lithia; Radnor; Viauville; St. Leon; Sanitaris; and Carlsbad. Most of the waters—after being carbonated—are used as medicinal, or table waters, and owe their value to constituents of medicinal importance. Some of the springs are more especially used for bathing purposes, as, for example, the sulphur waters at Carlsbad and Caledonia, Ont.; and at Banff, Alberta. Each spring was personally inspected, and, usually, samples were collected during the visit; although in a few instances, samples were forwarded by the owners themselves. All necessary tests and observations, such as measurement of

flow, temperature and reaction, were made at the same time. Sanitary analyses of the waters have not been made, as the investigation has been conducted solely as a mineral analysis survey. The distinction between a "sanitary" and a ''mineral" analysis, is explained in a subsequent part of the report.

SOME DEFINITIONS IN REGARD TO MINERAL WATERS. WHAT IS MEANT BY MINERAL WATERS.

In its original signification the term ''mineral water" was restricted to those natural spring waters which were supposed to possess medicinal properties, either by reason of certain salts or mineral constituents which they contained in solution, or on account of gases with which they were saturated. Yet some springs, having considerable economic importance, yield waters of lower mineral content than water supplies of many cities, and, in fact, owe their value to their great purity. The term mineral water has a wider interpretation to-day, and is commonly accepted as including almost all waters which are bottled and sold as drinking waters, even though they have a low mineral content. The International Food Congress, held in Paris in 1909, adopted as a definition: "'A mineral water is a natural water proposed for consumption on account of its special therapeutic or hygienic properties." This definition has been adopted by the United States Bureau of Chemistry, in the various reports they have published on American Mineral Waters, and is also used in the U.S. Mineral Resources Reports, dealing with mineral water statistics.

Since it is a well established fact that almost all fresh water springs are radioactive, such waters might easily be classed as mineral waters under the old definition that mineral waters possess some property of therapeutic importance. Fresh water springs, however, seldom contain any permanent radioactive properties, and the definition would be no longer satisfactory after the water had been bottled for a little time, when the radium emanation would have almost completely died away.

Several other points of interest in regard to the definition of mineral waters and of natural waters were also discussed by the International Food Congress already mentioned. A brief summary of them is given in a bulletin! published by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. They refer, chiefly, to regulations fixing the names of mineral waters; preventing confusion between natural and artificial waters; and dealing with the natural salts obtained from the springs by evaporation.

Distinction Between Spring And Well Water.

A spring is usually defined as a water rising naturally to the earth's surface, with sufficient volume to cause a distinct current and overflow. A boring in the ground, sometimes only a few feet in depth, sometimes hundreds of feet, which taps the underground water circulation, constitutes a well. An artesian well is one in which the water flows naturally to the surface, and is therefore an artificial spring. Often a spring and a well, situated in close proximity, may yield waters of similar composition. Yet

1U. S. Dept. of Agr., Bur. of Chem., Bul. 139, American Mineral Waters. The New England States, p. 9, 1911.

it is an undoubted fact that a water advertised asaspring water has greater popularity than if its source is known to be a well; and many waters obtained from wells are for this reason, sold as spring waters. Itis unlikely, however, that any difference will exist between the therapeutic properties possessed by two similar waters, one issuing from a spring and the other from a well, provided that both sources are satisfactory from a sanitary standpoint.

The Distinction Between A Mineral And A Sanitary Analysis.

It was stated in the introductory that all the analyses have been carried out as mineral analyses. In a sanitary analysis attention is paid to the fitness of the water for domestic use. Determinations of those constituents which would indicate pollution by sewage are particularly made, and a bacteriological examination is of especial importance. A careful investigation of the source of the water, and of the possibility of pollution must be made. Such an examination is absolutely necessary before a mineral water is put on the market, and it should be carried out at frequent intervals afterwards. Insufficient attention has been paid to this point.

To make a mineral analysis of a water, is to determine the proportions of the various mineral constituents the water holds in solution. A mineral analysis is important, from both the therapeutic and from the geologic standpoint. Therefore, a complete study! of a mineral water comprises three main lines of work:—

(1), The measurements of physical properties, such as temperature, depth, flow, colour, turbidity, specific gravity, radioactivity, and electric conductivity ; ;

(2), A complete mineral analysis; including quantitative determinations of the constituents tabulated in the next pages, and the calculation of the results to show the geologic antecedents of the water; and

(3), A bacteriological examination, and sanitary survey, indicating the potability of the water.

With the exception of the bacteriological examination, the investigation of Canadian mineral springs has been complete. Almost every determination, just enumerated, has been carried out.

The Constituents Of A Mineral Water.

It is commonly agreed to-day that the source of all springs, with few exceptions, is water which falls on the earth's surface as rain or snow. Such water—which contains small quantities of ammonia, nitric acid, and especially of carbon dioxide—has a very considerable solvent action on the substances composing the soil and rocks through which it percolates, and when the water eventually flows at the surface as a spring or is pumped from a well, it will hold in solution a far larger quantity of mineral constituents than

1Gautier, A., Compt. Rend., 1911, 1-546.

when it fellasrain. Thenature and amount of the various constituents will depend on the nature of the geological formations the water has traversed. ! If its path has lain over primary rocks such as granites and gneisses, the chief constituents will be sodium and potassium carbonates, and bicarbonates; but if sedimentary formations have been traversed, calcium and magnesium salts will be predominant. Much sodium chloride or common salt in a water will indicate that its circulation has been in the neighbourhood of marine deposits containing beds of salt. The history of the underground course of a water, however, is very complex, since many chemical reactions may take place between the constituents of the water and those of rocks over which it flows. Several of the springs in Quebec and Ontario were the subject of study by Dr. Sterry Hunt,? many years ago, and the probable origin of the constituents and the changes in composition that the waters undergo were considered. Comparison between the analyses made by Sterry Hunt and those tabulated in the report show that little change has taken place during the last thirty years, and that the constituents, in the waters, owe their presence to the same processes as described by him.

1 For information on underground water circulation, the reader is referred to:—

King, Franklin Hiram, 'Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water", U. S. Geol. Surv. 19th Ann. Rep., Pt. H, pp. 61-384, 1898.

Geikie, A., "Textbook of Geology,'' 4th edition, vol. I, pp. 465-8.

Mager, Henri, "Les Eaux Souterraines et les moyens de les découvrir," chapters 1, 2, and 3, Paris, 1912.

Von Heimhalt, Hans Hofer, Grundwdsser und Quellen, Braunschweig, 1912.

Also many of the papers on water supply, published by the United States Geological Survey.

2Sterry Hunt, Chemical and Geological Essays, chapters 4, 5, and 6, 1878.

The following substances, either chemical elements or "individuals," or associations of elements called radicles, have been sought for in the

waters, and in most been determined :—

cases the proportions in which they are present have

Element or radicle.

Alkalies.

Strontium ee seine a Barium.. Ant Magnesium. . NN

Hydrogen and metals. iiydrogent ioe. Iron (ferrous) Aluminium Manganese

Strong acid radicles.

Weak acid radicles. Bicarbonic acid Carbonic acid Sulphide. . sine Phosphoric eid ah Metaboric acid

Considered as

Gases in soluti

Carbon dioxide Hydrogen sulphide...

Symbol. Atomic or molecular Valence. Reacting weight. (1917). coefficient.

Na 23-00 1 0.0435 K 39-10 1 0.0256 Li 6-94 1 0-1441 NH, 18-01 1 0.0554 Ca 40.07 2 0.0499 Sr 87-63 2 0.0228 Ba 137-37 2 0-0146 Mg 24.32 2 0-0822 H 1-008 1 0.9921 Fe 55 -84 2 0.0358 Al 27-1 3 0-1107 Mn 54-93 2 0 -0364 Gl 35 -46 1 0-0282 Br 79 92 1 0-0128 I 126-92 1 0.0079 SO. 98-06 2 0-0208 NO; 52-01 1 0-0161 HCO; 61-013 1 0-0164 CO; 60-005 2 0-0333 S 32-06 2 0.0624 PO, : 95 -04 3 0-316

Bo, 43-0 1 0-0232

present in |the colloidal state:—

Other elements

undoubtedly occur in minute amount, and could be

detected if sufficiently large quantities of water were put through the requisite procedure to test for the presence of such elements. Fresenius! mentions the following substances as possible constituents of mineral waters, besides those just enumerated: ceasium, rubidium, zinc, nickel, cobalt,

Fresenius. "Quantitative Chemical Analysis," Vol. II, p. 221, 6th Edition, 1904.

lead, copper, thallium, titanium, and several complex organic acids. Arsenic is occasionally present in waters, even in medicinal doses: as for example in La Bourbonle spring in the south of France, in which it occurs to the extent of seven parts per million parts of water, or, asin the water of Owens Lake in California, which contains 83-8 parts per million.

Fluorine is present in most mineral waters, though it is seldom estimated. Gautier and Clausman? detected it in amounts up to 6 parts per million in a number of French springs.

Hi

1Stone, C. H. and Eaton, F. M., A New Analysis of the Water of Owens Lake, California. Jour. Aim, Chem, Soc. 28, 1,164, 1906. 2 Gautier and Clausman, Compt. Rend., 158-1,634, 1914; also Gil, J.C.S., Abs. ii, 80, 1906.

Statement Of The Results Of A Chemical Analysis.

Ionic Form Superior To Hypothetical Combinations.

In carrying out a chemical analysis of a mineral water, the quantities of the various elements or groups of elements, such as sodium, calcium, or iron, the carbonate, the sulphate, or the nitrate radicle, are found by actual experiment. The total amount of mineral matter in solution is also directly determined, but beyond these data, ordinary chemical manipulations do not give any knowledge regarding the exact amount of salts, such as sodium chloride, magnesium, sulphate, or calcium bicarbonate, that are assumed to be present in solution in the water. In fact, regarded from the standpoint of the modern theory of solution, it is probable that the substances do not exist in the form of compounds in the water, but are entirely dissociated into electrically charged particles or ions. Thus, a pinch of common salt (sodium chloride) dissolved in a gallon of water, immediately dissociates into sodium ion: which is sodium metal bound up with a positive charge of electricity and chlorine ion, that is chlorine carrying a negative charge, both entirely different, however, to the elements sodium and chlorine as we know them in the free state; the first, being a silver-like metal which readily decomposes water, the second, a greenish-yellow gas, with a choking, disagreeable odour.

In a water supposed to contain six or seven compounds such as sodium and potassium chlorides, magnesium and sodium sulphates, and calcium and magnesium bicarbonates, each substance will be dissociated, at any rate to some extent, and seven different ions can be estimated; but there is no way of telling what is the exact distribution of the ions. The only rational way is to report the amount of each ion present; a statement which is the result of actual experiments, and cannot be disputed. Thus the water considered above will contain the basic ions sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, and the negative ions chlorine and bicarbonic acid.

Again, the therapeutic properties of a mineral water are due chiefly to the individual properties of the ions: for example lithium will have the same effect whether it is administered as a solution of lithium chloride, lithium 'sulphate, or lithium carbonate. For this reason it is more satisfactory to know the ionic composition of a water.

With a view to enabling those who are not accustomed to this form of representation to obtain some idea of the composition of a water from the analysis, hypothetical combinations have been calculated. Rules for such calculations are based on the respective solubilities of the component salts. Over forty sets of such rules exist: accounting for the confusion that has often existed between analyses of one spring by different analysts, using different rules. The following, adopted by the Bureau of Chemistry of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, have been used throughout. Sodium

el

is first combined with nitrous, nitric, and metaboric acids. Potassium is combined with iodine, and bromine; and calcium, with phosphoric acid. Ammonium, lithium, and potassium are assigned to chlorine. Sodium, magnesium, calcium, strontium are then calculated to combine with chlorine, sulphate, bicarbonate, and carbonate ions, respectively. If there is an excess of bicarbonate ion, the iron (together with aluminium if it has been estimated with the iron) is calculated to form ferrous bicarbonate. Otherwise, ferric oxide and alumina are considered to be present, probably in the colloidal form as silica is usually considered to be. Sometimes, silica occurs in the form of a salt as calcium silicate, but it has never been found as such in any water included here.

But these rules are based on false assumptions, because the solubility of each salt when alone in solution is different from its solubility in a solution of other salts. Such solubilities can only be found by individual consideration of the system under examination. The combinations should represent the solids that precipitate out when such a solution is evaporated.

The amount of both ions and hypothetical combinations are given in parts per million by weight.

Thus, if a water contains 400 parts per million of calcium ion, a million pounds of the water holds 400 pounds of calcium ion in solution; a million milligrams—practically equal to one litre if the water under consideration is of low specific gravity—contains 400 milligrams of calcium ion. Seeing that most mineral waters have a specific gravity of 1-005 to 1-001, the amount of a constituent in parts per million may be considered without serious error as equivalent to the amount expressed in milligrams per litre. The expression of water analyses in parts per million is universally adopted by sanitary and technical chemists to-day, and the exclusive employment of this unit industrially is, as R. B. Dole states,? delayed only by more or less objectionable precedent. Certainly, to the average person, results stated in grains per gallon are no more intelligible than when expressed in parts per million. To transform parts per million into grains per imperial gallon for an approximate result, the quantity of a constituent expressed in parts per million must be multiplied by 0-07, since there are 70,000 grains in an imperial gallon.

The amount of each constituent calculated as a percentage of the total inorganic material in solution will also be stated. In another column, the reacting values of each substance present is given: calculated to a percentage basis by means of the concentration value—which is simply the sum of the actual reacting values.

As far as possible, previous analyses have been included for the sake of comparison. Most of these have been recalculated to the ionic form, from

1Turrentine. The Composition of U. S. Salines, Jour. Ind. Eng. Chem. 7, p. 689, 1915. R. B. Dole, Hypothetical Combinations in Water Analysis, Jour. Ind. Eng. Chem. 6, p. 710, 1914. 27U. S. Geol. Surv., The Underground Waters of North Central Indiana, Water Supply Paper 254, p. 232.

statements of the compounds assumed to be present, often only given in grains per gallon.

Reacting Values.

The statement of the analytical results, as the quantity of ions or radicles present, in parts per million, does not adequately express all the information that can be obtained from the analysis of a water. Such results only show the physical weight of the various constituents, and thus give no indication of their chemical value. Therefore, the proportional reaction capacities or reacting values of the radicles are tabulated with the ionic results. Such reaction capacities or reacting values are calculated by dividing the weight of each radicle found by analysis, by its equivalent combining weight. Eight parts of oxygen unite with 23 parts of sodium, 39 parts of potassium, 20 parts of calcium, and 12-16 parts of magnesium. These are the equivalent combining weights of the abovementioned elements, and the reacting values are obtained by dividing the quantity of each radicle or element present in the water by its combining weight. The reciprocals of the equivalent combining weights are more often employed, as suggested by Herman Stabler,' and are termed by him reacting coefhcients. The reacting coefficient of a radicle may, therefore, be defined as the ratio of the reaction capacity of 1 part of that radicle to the reaction capacity of eight parts of oxygen.

A list of the reacting coefficients of the various elements or radicles commonly estimated in the mineral analysis of a water is given on page 6. This form of expression is convenient in several ways?' it affords a scheme of classification which will be explained later, and allows the potency of the water as a geologic agent to be studied as well as giving information of its past history; it serves, moreover, as a check on the accuracy of the analysis, since the sums of the acidic and of the basic radicles must necessarily be equal, at least within the range of experimental error, with the exception of one or two cases, such as waters in which free, strong acids are present.

1 Stabler, Herman, The mineral analysis of water for industrial purposes and its interpretation by the engineer. Eng. News Vol. 60, p. 356, 1908.

Also Chapter on the industrial application of water analyses, in U. S. Geol. Surv., Water Supply Paper No. 274, p. 165, 1911.

2 For a complete discussion of this mode of interpretation of water analyses see:—

Chase Palmer, The Geochemical Interpretation of Water Analyses, U. S. Geol. Surv., Bul. 479, 1911,

Rogers, G. Sherburne, The Interpretation of Water Analyses by the Geologist, Economic Geology, Vol. 12, pp. 56-88, 1917.

Cumming, C. L., Artesian Wells of Mentreal, Geol. Surv. Can., Dept. of Mines, Memoir 72, pp. 36-44, 1915.

The Classification Of The Waters.

Almost every book or bulletin on mineral springs advocates its own method of classification: demonstrating the difficulty of finding a satisfactory classification for subjects of such complex character as natural waters. It is not proposed to discuss the various methods here, although a list of the chief attempts is included in the appendix. Two methods have been adopted in this report: one suggested by Chase Palmer based on the reacting value of the constituents of the water, and most useful from a geological standpoint; and the other a scheme proposed by J. K. Haywood.

The first method is of the most value, seeing that it gives evidence of the nature of the strata through which the water has passed, and of the solvent of the water on the rocks composing the strata. It shows the nature and amount of the predominant constituents also. The second method more readily indicates the actual elements present, and gives information concerning the therapeutic value of the water.

Chase Palmer&#x27;S Classification.

The radicles are divided, according to their chemical nature, into certain groups. Thus, sodium, potassium, and lithium—called the alkalies or primary bases—are associated. They occur together in nature; are mutually interchangeable in minerals; have the similar chemical characters; and are members of the same chemical family. All these metals decompose water, and form similar salts with acids. Similarly calcium, strontium, and magnesium—the alkaline earths or secondary bases—are comparatively similar in their chemical behaviour and are geologically associated. Hydrogen and the metals form a third class of positive bases. The acid radicles fall into two groups: strong acid radicles, such as hydrochloric or muriatic (Cl'); sulphuric (SO,'') ; and weak acid radicles (e.g. bicarbonic acid HCO;'); carbonic (CO,''); and metaboric (BO2') acids.

According to the relative values of the several groups just referred to, all natural waters fall into one of the following classes :-—

Class 1. Value of strong acids (e.g. SOx, Cl), less than value of alkalies

2. Value of strong acids equal to value of alkalies.

3. Value of strong acids greater than value of alkalies but less than alkalies plus alkaline earths.

4. Value of strong acids equal to value of alkalies plus alkaline earths.

9. Value of strong acids exceeds value of alkalies plus alkaline earths.

1 Haywood, J. K., and Smith, B. H., Mineral Waters of the United States, U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Chem. Bul. 91, pp. 8-11, 1907. Also, American Mineral Waters; The New England States, U.S. Dept. Agr. ,Bur. Chem. Bul. 139, pp. 18-20, 1911.

Classes 2 and 4 seldom occur, and are included chiefly for the sake of completeness.

These main classes can be again subdivided by considering the nature of the salts formed by balancing up the various groups. The bases and strong acids combine to form salts which, dissolved in water, give it the property of salinity. Primary salinity is the salinity caused by the solution of strong acid salts of the alkalies, such as sodium and potassium chlorides or sulphates; secondary salinity, by the solution of strong acid salts of the alkaline earths chiefly calcium and magnesium chlorides and sulphates; and tertiary salinity, by the solution of strong acid salts of hydrogen (e.g., strong acids), or of metals such as iron and aluminium chlorides or sulphates. Solutions of weak acid salts, such as sodium carbonate, possess the property of alkalinity, e.g., they turn red litmus, blue; or methylorange, yellow: to mention two of the chief indicators which are used in determining the reaction of a solution.

Primary alkalinity, is caused by the solution of weak acid salts of the alkalies, chiefly sodium and potassium carbonates or bicarbonates; secondary alkalinity, by the solution of weak acid salts of the alkaline earths such as calcium bicarbonate; and tertiary alkalinity, by the solution of weak acid salts of the miscellaneous group of positive radicles such as hydrogen and the metals.

The following table expresses these statements more graphically :—

BASES. ACIDS. Strong acids. Weak acids. (e.g. ee SO., NOs) (e.g. COs, HCOs) Alkalies (eis.(Nay IS Lao ne ieee os o's Primary salinity, Primary alkalinity. Alkaline earths (e.g. Ca, Mg, Sr.) Secondary , Secondary , IMetals (ero. (TEMP ers ea avete lets) lek Tertiary is Tertiary a

When a water needs much soap to produce a lather, it is said to be 'hard'. It may be either temporarily hard, when the hardness can be dissipated by boiling; or it may be permanently hard—a property not removed by boiling, only by chemical treatment.

Temporary hardness is due to the property of secondary alkalinity, e.g., calcium or magnesium bicarbonate present in water; while permanent hardness results from the property of secondary salinity, e.g., calcium or magnesium sulphate in solution. ;

To obtain the amounts of these various properties from the analytical results, the reacting values are considered, calculated on a percentage basis. The sum of the reacting values of the members of each group gives the value for the alkalies, alkaline earths, strong acids, and weak acids, respectively.

Then the value for the strong group is balanced against the figure for the primary bases or alkalies, the sum of them giving primary salinity; any excess of the value of strong acids remaining over the value of the alkalies is balanced against the alkaline earth group, the sum giving the secondary salinity; and any excess then remaining against the metals or hydrogen, giving tertiary salinity—rarely found in any other but mine waters.

After the strong acids have been balanced, the weak acids are worked out against the basic radicles in the same manner. On the other hand, the value for the alkali group may be greater than that of the strong acids. Twice the value of the strong acid group gives primary salinity, and the excess alkali value is combined with weak acids to produce a primary alkalinity. The balance of the weak acid value will almost always be found to be equal to the value of the alkaline earth group, giving secondary alkalinity.

The following example illustrates the procedure :—

Lithia Spring. Carlsbad Springs. No. 20. Parts Reacting Reacting per values. values. million. Per cent Sulphuric acid (SOA a tie ip pee 2-4 0-05 0-03 Bicarbonic acid CEECO Re RE ye Aon 750 12-30 7-84 Carbonic acid (COs ONY Sica aa — — — Nitric acid (NODDY Ree Oa eee — — Nitrous acid CN OS) ean) see trace — — Phosphoric acid (ROO ee ie wee. se Beene ss. are Metaboric acid CB Oana te cane eee . trace —- — Chlorine CG) ies See Voie vrata 2,340- 65-90 42.03 Bromine (Br) 12- 0-15 0-10 Iodine ) 0-5 — —— 78-40 50-00 ig te ee 12-7 — ron Panes cshareray aerate Aluminium CATR Re mone Linch sated 2-4 0-08 0-05 Manganese (Mn) Pate trace — — Calcium SE) AOI Dy aa as Nie in te 57-0 2-85 1-82 Strontium CSE Gere ae Files oe ae trace — —— Magnesium WPS h ROR ae godeseneeie rice 47. 3-86 2-46 Lithium (LEMME We elated te, cece Recon: 1-5 0-21 0-13 Potassium CEA RW RRA Tee er tie 50-1 1-28 0-82 Sodium (INA) Ba cassette ats 1,608. 70-00 44 .63 Ammonium CIA) Ai eartcee Nese aie 2-6 0-14 0-09 Braet earn Meh ed TK he Soy is ahaa tele ie 4,886-4 78 -42 50-00 Groups— SMO ACIS y AAS os loa !o 5 ba wove 42-03 + 0-10+0-03 42-16 eA tate eel sts cht uke ais oe anor! 14 7-84 Beica MCS ne ORM AT elses nese 4's es 44.63 +0-82+0-13+0-09 45-67 PUICIEIG EATERS 52d dogaics belie. © dare 1-82+2-46+0-05 4-33

Properties— Primary salinity, Value of strong acids + equal amount of alkalies, 42 .16+42-16 84.32

Primary alkalinity— Remainder of alkali value + equal amount of weak acids, (45-67 -42-16) 3-51+3-51 7-02

oc

Secondary alkalinity— Remainder of weak acid value + equal amount of alkaline earths, (7-84-3-51) 4-:334+4-33 8-66

These statements give the following information: sodium salts of strong acids form 84 per cent of the total solids; sodium carbonate or bicarbonate constitute 7 per cent; while calcium and magnesium bicarbonates make up the remainder. These quantities agree fairly well with the hypothetical combinations.

Haywood&#x27;S Classification.

The second form of classification suggested by Haywood possesses more value from a therapeutic standpoint, in that it readily indicates the chief constituents of the water.

Four main classes: alkaline, Hee saline, and acid waters, are each divided into several sub-classes. These sub-classes are again qualified by the names of the medicinally important radicles. The classification is as follows :—

Carbonated or

bicarbonated I, Alkaline Borated Sodic Silicated Lithic Potassic Thermal Sulphated Calcic Non-gaseous or II. Alkaline-saline Muriated Magnesic Carbondioxated Nonthermal Nitrated Ferruginous |Sulphuretted Aluminic Azotised Sulphated Arsenic Carburetted III. Saline Muriated Bromic Oxygenated Nitrated lodic Siliceous Sulphated Boric IV. Acid Nitrated

Thermal waters are defined as those which issue from the ground ata temperature of 70°F., and higher. Of such waters those from 70° to 90°F., are considered warm or tepid, while those with a temperature above 90°F., are termed hot springs.

Alkaline waters are those which turn methyl-orange, yellow, and red litmus, blue, and therefore have an alkaline reaction. The alkalinity is usually due to the presence of sodium carbonate or bicarbonate.

Alkaline-saline waters are those which contain both strong acid radicles (sulphuric, hydrochloric or nitric ions), and carbonic or bicarbonic acid ions, or more rarely boric or silicic acid ions; both strong and weak acids

being present as predominating constituents. Thus, such waters have both alkaline and saline properties, and contain salts of carbonic or bicarbonic acid, together with salts of the strong acids. Primary alkalinity is usually present in small amount, while in alkaline waters it is considerably greater—ranging from 40 to 100 per cent. Many of the springs, the subject of this rey vrt, belong to the alkaline-saline class of waters. Saline waters are those which have an alkaline or neutral reaction, and contain sulphuric, muriatic, or nitric acid ions in predominating quantities.

Acid waters have an acid reaction, and contain sulphuric or muriatic acid. They are seldom met with, except in the neighbourhood of ironpyrites deposits, where they contain iron sulphate; or in regions where volcanic agencies are active. No springs belonging to this class are included in this report, though several exist in Canada:! for example at Tuscarora, near Brantford, and at Chippewa, in the Niagara peninsula.

Haywood's classification enables one to name any mineral water with great accuracy. If any basic or acidic element is prominent, this fact is indicated by prefixing the name of the base or acid to the regular class name—as sodic, calcic, etc.; carbonated alkaline, sulphated alkalinesaline, etc. If any basic or acid ion is prominent therapeutically, but not chemically, this fact may be indicated by affixing the name of the basic or acid ion to the regular name—as carbonated, alkaline, (arsenic, bromic, iodic, etc.).

The following statements in reference to the gases often present in mineral waters define the terms :—

Non-gaseous water contains no gas. Carbondioxated . 4 carbon dioxide. Sulphuretted a J hydrogen sulphide. Azotised a 7 nitrogen. Carburetted . - methane. Oxygenated 5 " oxygen.

A few examples of the application of this classification to waters in the report will illustrate its use. The Sanitaris Mineral Water (page 28) is a sodic, magnesic, calcic, muriated alkaline-saline water.

"Magi" Caledonia, Caledonia Saline Spring, (page 45) is a sodic, muriated alkaline-saline carbondioxated water. Viauville Mineral Water is a sodic, muriated sulphated saline (bromic, sulphuretted) water.

1Sterry Hunt, Geology of Canada, p. 545, 1863.

On The Collection Of Samples, And Methods Of Analysis.

Procedure In The Field.

It has been already stated that the examination of the springs for radioactive properties formed one of the main features of the investigation, and on that account centres were selected within easy access of the principal groups of springs, to which water samples were quickly taken after collection to ensure the radioactive examination being made with as little delay as possible. At the same time, as samples for the radioactive tests were obtained, water for chemical analysis was also collected. To contain the samples, new five-gallon glass demijohns were employed. Two bottles were usually filled: one for the radioactivity determinations, and the other for chemical tests. The greater number of the springs were flowing springs, hence a sample was easily taken at once, either from the overflow, or from the actual pool or well itself. Most springs were enclosed in earthenware pipes or wooden casings, and proved readily accessible. Sources that required pumping were always pumped for ten or fifteen minutes previously to the collection of a water, in order that a perfectly fresh sample might be obtained.

The bottles were rinsed out three times with the water to be examined, and then filled up almost to the cork; the space left depending on the temperature of the air, and quantity of gas evolved from the water. A new cork was inserted, and the bottle sealed. A bacteriological examination was not included, and, therefore, no specially collected and ice-packed samples were required, although observation was made of the san taty condition of the surroundings.

Field Observations And Measurements.

Several observations and tests were carried out at the spring. The temperature of the water was measured by means of standardized thermometers. In the case of wells or deep pools, a maximum and minimum thermometer was used to obtain the temperature at the source of the water. The depth was approximately ascertained by lowering weighted measuring tapes. In the frequent instances where the overflow ran off by a pipe, the flow was calculated by noting the time required to fill a container of known volume. The taste, odour, and appearance of the water were recorded. The surroundings of the spring were observed, and particulars of its history and utilization obtained, as far as possible.

The quantity of carbon dioxide gas in the water was determined by either of two methods :—

(i). As described in Bulletin 91, U.S. Dept. of Agr., Bureau of Chemistry, The Mineral Waters of the United States, pp. 18-19.

In brief, the method is to determine, by Pettenkoffers' method,! the amount of carbon dioxide in excess of that necessary to form normal carbonates, and the amount of carbon dioxide given off from the bicarbonates when the water is evaporated to dryness. Subtracting the former result from the latter, gives the amount of carbon dioxide existing in solution in the free state.

(ii). By the titration of a measured volume of the water with sodium carbonate solution of known strength—according to Winkler's method.2

Neither of these methods proved entirely satisfactory.®

Hydrogen sulphide was estimated by the titration of a known volume of water with N / 100 iodine solution, using starch solution as an indicator— according to the method described by Sutton.

A solution of sodium nitroprusside was used to test for the presence of metallic sulphides; but only two or three waters gave any indication of the presence of such compounds. The reaction of the waters was tested by adding a few drops of methyl-orange solution to a sample, and observing the colour change.

If gases were evolved from the springs, two samples were collected in Winchester quart bottles, or in glass gas-sample tubes. In the former case, a large metal funnel was inserted in the neck of the bottle, and the whole carefully filled with water, taking especial care toexpel all air bubbles. Then, with the neck and funnel under the surface, the bottle was inverted over the stream of gas bubbles which ascended and displaced the water. The stopper was carefully replaced, leaving a little water covering the stopper to act as a seal, the bottle being transported in an inverted position. The gas sample tubes were attached to the funnel by rubber tubing, and the whole system filled with water. When the lower tap of the sample tube is opened, water will only run out as fast as gas enters from the funnel at the fi ,her end—provided everything is air tight.

Measurements of the radioactive content of one sample were carried out by the usual methods.> The second sample was analysed for its main constituents, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen. No determinations were made of the rare gases of the atmosphere, which exist at least in traces in all radioactive natural gases, except in one case— that of the gas evolved from the Basin Spring at Banff, Alberta (page 142).

1Sutton, F., Handbook of Volumetric Analysis, Ninth Edition, 1907, p. 98.

2 Winkler, L. W., Z. angew Chem., Vol. 29, p. 335, 1916.

+ For a discussion of the various methods of determining carbon dioxide in natural waters see:

Ellms, J. W., and Beneker, J. C., The estimation of carbon dioxide in water; Jour. Am. Chem. Soc., 23-405, 1901,

Forbes, F. B., and Pratt, G. H., The determination of carbonic acid in drinking water; Jour. Am. Chem. Soc., 25-742, 1903.

Johnson, J., The determination of carbonic acid, combined and free, in solution, particularly in natural waters; Jour. Am. Chem. Soc., 38-947, 1916.

'Volumetric Analysis, p. 336, 1907.

5 The Radioactivity of some Canadian Mineral Springs. Mines Branch, Bul. 16, pp., 9-17, 1917.

The Methods Of Analysis.

It is not intended to give a detailed description of the methods of analysis that have been employed. They are, for the most part, those described in U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Chemistry, Bulletin 91; and in the Standard Methods of Water Analysis, published by the American Public Health Association (2nd. edition, 1913). In the few cases where modifications of these methods have been used, fuller details will be outlined.

Usually, a demijohn of water was at hand for analysis (containing about 44 Imperial gallons or 20 litres). Sufficient amounts of water were used in the examination for each constituent to ensure its detection, if present, to the extent of one part in ten million.

Sulphuric acid, bicarbonic acid, carbonic acid, chlorine, iron, aluminium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and ammonium, were determined by the standard methods described in the publications referred to.

Nitric acid was usually estimated by the reduction method with aluminium foil in alkaline solution as described on page 25 of the Standard Methods of Water Analysis. The a naphthylamine sulphanilic acid colorimetric method was employed for the estimation of nitrous acid (page 22. S.M.W.A.).

The detection of boric acid was carried out as described on page 27 of Bulletin 91. No quantitative measurements of this radicle were made. For bromine and iodine the colorimetric method developed by J. K. Haywood (pages 23-26, Bulletin 91,) was used with excellent results. Considerable experimental work was done on an oxidation method for bromine and iodine. Iodine was liberated from a neutral solution of iodides and . bromides by the action of potassium bicarbonate; the bromide being decomposed when sulphuric acid was added to the mixture; sodium chloride was not affected. The iodine and the bromine were absorbed in p, assium iodide solutions, afterwards titrated with standard sodium thiosulphate. The method proved fairly satisfactory, and checked with the results obtained by the colorimetric method when tried on the Caledonia group of waters. But it is not as sensitive as the colorimetric method, and therefore not as convenient for the small amounts of bromine and iodine usually present in most mineral waters.

Manganese was found in most samples by using the colorimetric method described by Hillebrand,! in which the manganese is oxidized to permanganic acid by ammonium persulphate in the presence of silver nitrate and nitric acid.

Strontium, when present, was separated from calcium, using the ether-alcohol method recently adopted as the standard method? by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists.

1 Hillebrand, W. F., The Analysis of Silicate and Carbonate Rocks; U. S. Geol. Surv., Bul. 422, 1916, p. 117.

2Skinner, W. W., The Separation and Determination of Calcium and Strontium. Jour. Assoc. Offic, Agr. Chem., Vol. II, 1916, p. 113.

Barium was seldom detected, even spectroscopically. When it was present in sufficient amount it was separated from strontium and calcium by the ammonium bichromate method.

Lithium was estimated by the well known amyl alcohol method of Gooch.' In a few instances lithium was determined using one or other of the spectroscopic methods outlined in a bulletin? on the spectroscopic determination of lithium by W. W. Skinner and W. D. Collins.

A colorimetric method recently proposed by Winkler was found to be the most convenient for the estimation of phosphoric acid. One c.c. of a 10% ferric chloride solution, and 2 c.c. of a 10% alum solution are added to 1 to 5 litres of the water to be tested, and the whole boiled for an hour. Any phosphoric acid is carried down in the iron hydroxide precipitate, which is filtered off and dissolved in nitric acid. The solution is evaporated to dryness, the residue dissolved in water with a drop of nitric acid added, filtered, and ammonium molybdate solution poured in. On standing, any phosphoric acid will be precipitated as ammonium phospho-molybdate; this is filtered off, dissolved in ammonia, more ammonium molybdate solution added, and the yellow colour of the solution compared with a potassium chromate solution corresponding to a definite concentration of phosphorous pentoxide.

No tests, save in a few instances, were carried out for the presence of arsenic, copper, lead, fluorine, or selenium. Spectroscopic tests were made on all residues and precipitates, checking the presence of the several elements, which give flame spectra, and affording some indication of the completeness of the separations.

Many of the springs, especially those rising in the vicinity of peat bogs (such as the groups of springs at Caledonia and Carlsbad), contain organic compounds, which is the cause of the yellow colour of the waters. On the continent of Europe such organic substances are often determined, but in America little attention has been paid to them. They are present in small amount, possess a complex composition, and have no importance from a therapeutic standpoint. Therefore, noattempt was made to estimate them or determine their nature, interesting as such work would be.

The results of the radioactive determinations are rightly included in the statement of analyses. Details of the methods adopted for these determinations are given in full in Part I' of this report.

The total solid matter in solution was obtained by evaporating 100 c.¢., of the water in a platinum dish, and drying at 100°C., to a constant weight. The dish was then gently ignited, and the residue on ignition determined. Sulphuric acid was added, and the solution evaporated, and finally heated

1 Treadwell. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. II, 4th edition, 1915, p. 53.

*Skinner, W. W., and Collins, W. D., Determination of Lithium, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Chem., Bul. 153, 1912.

Winkler, L. W., Z. angew, Chem., Vol. 22, p. 288, 1915. Abstract in Jour., Soc. Chem. Ind., p. 243, 1915.

'Satterly, J., and Elworthy, R. T., Mineral Springs of Canada, Part I, Radioactivity of Some Canadian Mineral Springs. Mines Branch, Bul. 16, pp. 26, 42-46, 1917.

to a dull red heat, until all the bases were converted to sulphates. A little ammonium carbonate was added to ensure the complete conversion of acid alkali sulphates to normal sulphates. The dishes were cooled and weighed and reignited till constant weight was obtained. The residue must be heated to a sufficient temperature to convert the iron sulphate present to ferric oxide. ;

Accuracy Of The Analyses.

The determination just described affords a check on the accuracy of the various estimations, as the weight of the bases as sulphates present in a million parts of water should agree with the calculated value of the bases as sulphates stated in parts per million. An agreement to within 0-5% can commonly be obtained. Using a larger volume of water than 100 c.c., and taking great precautions during evaporation and ignition, no doubt a greater degree of accuracy might be attained. The following example is an illustration of the use of this procedure in checking the accuracy of an analysis.

Water from Saline Spring, Caledonia Springs, Ontario, bottled as "Magi" ~water:—

Parts per million.

Bases. (From analysis page 47). Calculated as sulphates. Silicate Weeden eit) cue SiO, TSKOMUSICAM eRe rete oa iis) hE OD 15-0 1 Rrgoy a Veg sities Se von emia Fe 1.2) Mirontoxide, tins wl. Fe,O; 1-7 Aluminium Al ON? 1 Alumina eae AL Os 0-4 Galcinmiviee eras ee 41-0 Calcium sulphate CaSO, 139-4 Strontiumen ease we 2-9 Strontium , US SO 4 6-0 Magnesium Mg 143-0 Magnesium , SAMSON 706 -4 Lithium sae eee ee 2-4 Lithium a Hees LAS Ok 18-8 Potassium K 78-4 Potassium , i da SON 175-9 SOMITE SS Na 2691-4 Sodium a NaeSOu 8308 - Ammonium NHag 4.89 Ammonium , NHSO,4 volatile Caletlateds 5s che incite reer re 9371-6 Found by experiment 9334 Differences... ae eens erie 37 0.4%

There is yet another check on the accuracy of an analysis. It has already been stated that a mineral water may be considered as a balanced chemical system, a solution of several compounds dissociated into their constituent ions, which are in a state of equilibrium with each other, neither acidic or basicions being in excess. The only exceptions occur in the case of some mine waters and springs arising from pyrites deposits, which have been found to contain free acid. A water may have an alkaline reaction, but it will be due to the presence of hydrolysed alkali carbonate. Nevertheless, the equivalent amounts of alkali and of carbonic acid radicle will be present. Therefore, in such a state of equilibrium, the sum of the acidic ions reduced to their proportional chemical values must be equal to

the sum of the basic ions similarly reduced. Practically, no analyses will

show perfect equivalence, but there should be comparatively little disagreement

, the actual amount depending largely on the concentration of

the water. For a water containing about 1,000 parts per million mineral

matter in solution, the summations of basic and of the acidic ions should

not differ by more than 2 or 3%. Greater discrepancy indicates a faulty

determination, or some error in calculation. It is necessary that the

summations be balanced for the purposes of calculation of the various

classifications and hypothetical combinations, and four courses are possible

.!

(i) The error may be proportionately shared by all the constituents.

(ii) It may be assumed to lie in the determination of one basic and one acidic radicle, and divided equally between them.

(iii) It may depend on the determination of one radicle, such as bicarbonate or sodium. .

(iv) No alteration need be made, in which case one property of the water cannot be deduced.

In the following analyses any discrepancy has usually been attributed to inaccuracies in the determination of the bicarbonate radicle, especially in waters in which it occurs in considerable quantity.

These two checks on the accuracy of the various determinations are of course not entirely independent of each other, as an error in the estimation of one of the bases—magnesium, for example, will affect both calculations. If the sum of the bases calculated as sulphates agrees with the value found by experiment, and yet the sum of reacting values of the basic ions differs from the sum of the reacting values of the acidic ions, it is probable that an error exists in the amount of one of the acidic ions. On the other hand, agreement between the bases as sulphates, calculated and found, an equilibrium between acidic and basic ions, forms a satisfactory verification of the accuracy of analytical processes.

Comparison between the sum of the constituents found by analysis and the amount of solid matter, dried at 100°C., affords no check whatever. Bicarbonates give off carbon dioxide, ammonium chloride and calcium carbonates decompose each other, and other salts become basic. All these causes tend to make the total solids found by experiment lower than the sum of the severally determined constituents.

For the complete treatment of this subject see Rogers, G. Sherbourne, The Interpretation of Water Analyses by the Geologist. Economic Geology, Vol. XII, p. 67, 1917.

Description Of Springs And Tabulated Analyses.

In the following pages the analyses of fifty spring waters are tabulated, preceded by brief descriptions of the spring surroundings and of the character of the waters.

In preceding pages, the more recent methods of expression of water analyses have been discussed, and some explanation given of the derivation of the various properties of the waters. It has been shown that the properties of reaction concisely state the character and principal constituents of a water. Primary salinity indicates the presence of alkali salts of strong acids, e.g., sodium chloride or sodium sulphate; secondary salinity, alkaline earth salts of strong acids, e.g., calcium and magnesium chlorides or sulphates. Similarly, primary alkalinity and secondary alkalinity denote alkali salts or alkaline earth salts of weak acids respectively, e.g., sodium carbonate or bicarbonate or calcium or magnesium bicarbonates.

The amounts of the constituents as ions or radicles are given in parts per million, also in percentages of the total inorganic matter in solution. Previous analyses, when they exist, are presented for comparison. The reacting value of the constituents, worked out to a percentage basis, occupies the fourth column at the foot of which the concentration value is placed. This number is the sum of actual reacting values of the constituents of the water, and from it the percentage reacting values may easily be calculated to their true values.

After the statement of the quantity of the total solids and gases in solution in the waters the hypothetical combinations worked out from the results of analysis by means of the rules given on page 20, are appended in parts per million, and as percentages of the total inorganic matter in solution.

Temperatures are stated on both Centigrade and Fahrenheit degrees.

Radioactivity, due to emanation in the water or in the gases evolved from some springs, is expressed in terms of a unit,' which is 1 x 10" curie per litre, or that amount of radium emanation in equilibrium with 1 x 10-" gram radium metal. Dissolved radium is expressed in terms of a unit equal to 1 x 10—-" gram radium per litre.

In the tabulated analyses dashes (-) signify that the constituent has been looked for, but is not present—at least in sufficient quantity to be detected. A blank space indicates that the substance is absent or that no test for it has been carried out.

Eastern Ontario Borthwick Mineral Spring, Near Ottawa, Ont. (6)

This spring, rising in low lying marshy ground between two parallel ridges half a mile apart, is situated in the south half of lot 20, concession IV,

1 Part I, p. 16.

Ottawa Front, Gloucester township, Carleton county, and is about seven miles away from Ottawa. The water is collected in a bricked well of 3,000 gallons capacity, which when pumped dry, refills in about twelve hours.

According to Sterry Hunt! the spring rises from the lower Silurian limestone and probably obtains its large proportion of sodium chloride from rock salt imbedded in the limestone formation. Mr. William Borthwick of Ottawa is the owner of the spring. Some water is shipped and sold in the neighbourhood.

The spring was visited on two occasions, when tests were made and samples collected, and a further sample was sent in for analysis.

The following particulars were obtained upon examination. The analysis shows the spring to be sodic, magnesic, muriated saline water. The hypothetical combinations show that sodium chloride may be considered to form 87 per cent of the solids in solution, while magnesium bicarbonate forms 9 per cent.

BORTHWICK MINERAL SPRING. Laboratory No. 6.

Sample collected June, 1917

PRemiper ature. ifse gee uss oc. 10-5°C. (50-9°F.)

Le ie ART eRe er Small

BEES EGR re os See Mabe hou Salt and pleasant

neeetiONlen eta a as, Alkaline

Specific gravity at 15°C 1-007

Radi@activity iid otos os ces: Fmama tions. 68l.1: 140 units Dissolved radium 8-4 ,

Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity 90-36

Secondary salinity 1-06

Primary alkalinity

Secondary alkalinity.. 8-58

1Sterry Hunt, Geology of Canada, 1886, p. 537.

Analysis. Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. anata 7-4 399-5 0-07 0-07 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs;) 954. — 4.29 8-71 Carbonic acid (CODA ee ae —. ae — Nitric acid (NOs) oe — Nitrous acid CNOA en trace ; — — oe Phosphoric acid (PO,) 0-01 —— ae ee Metaboric acid (BOz) heavy trace —— —-- a Chlorine (Gs Dea Rea a 5,910- T2571 53 -96 45 -63 Bromine (Brees 12-5 —- 0-12 0-04 Iodine CT) Satya Cenae 0-6 36-6 0-01 ee ey RUAN 17-2 70-0 0-15 — ron rey SEE DS Aluminium ae 5-2 PnwE 0-05 0-05 Manganese CVE) as ee 0-05 ao —— — Calcium (Gare Wika, 39-0 140-3 0-36 0-53 Strontium (Sr) Nv 2-4 29.7 0-02 —— Magnesium CVE Cesc iat 188. 138-4 1-72 4.24 Lithium COSINE AAR 1-5 — 0-01 0-06 Potassium CEG) oe ONO 70-8 78-5 0-65 0-50 Sodium CN en 3,740. 4,400- 34-15 44.57 Ammonium CNG) eo ae 3-6 — 0.03 0-20 i Roy ue AMMO ADEA ETA 10,952.2 12,550-0 100-00 100-00 Total solids in solution, residue 1,058 Concentradriediaty 1107, Cana Buia tion value. c.c. per litre. Parts per million, Gases: Carbon Dioxide CO; 11-3 22-2

Hydrogen Sulphide H2S.. . — Se

Analysis by J. Baker Edwards, Ph.D., F.C.S., Montreal, 1885.

Hypothetical Combinations,

No. 6.

Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent.

Sodium nitrite CINAIN OS) Ron ie Cae aa trace a Sodium nitrate (NaNO) ee ona eee Ammonium chloride (NH4u,Cl) 10-70 0-10 Potassium iodide CR eer AR RE 0-83 0-01 Potassium" bromide: |\(KiBr) jose ne ek 17-85 0-17 Lithium chloride (ERED) EN Se DOP a Ono 8-92 0-08 Potassium chloride (G5) Dey Ss UREA ti ad 122.93 1-12 150. Sodium chloride CNS CD) errr cira nee 9,513-0 86-88 11,210 Magnesium chloride (MgClh) 87-69 0-80 310- Calcium chloride (CAC GOR sew 210-0 Strontium sulphate' (SrSO4).) 30.6 40. Magnesium sulphate (MgSQ,) 9.63 0-09 280. Calcium sulphate (CASO yee US eee 220 Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOs) Magnesium 984.73 9.00 Calcium bicarbonate 157-95 1-44 Strontium bicarbonate )2) 3-14 0-03 Strontium chloride (SeG by pee ee Oa Ree — —— 20-0 Ferrous bicarbonate 17-80 0-16 Calcium phosphate trace — Ferric oxide. . (ResOsye ce hd rae Alumina CAT On) escent area 70 Silica (SIO) Pee nee Ln 17-20 0-16 Magnesium iodide and bromide 40

Dominion Spring, Pakenham, Ont. (13)

This spring, situated on the farm of W. Gillan, Fitzroy township, Carleton county, Ont., has been known for many years, and was first analysed by Sterry Hunt in 1851, who stated that the water rises from the Chazy or Calciferous formation. At one time the spring was used for medicinal purposes and a hotel flourished at Pakenham, two miles away. To-day little use is made of it. The water is pumped from a well, 14 feet deep, and there is a small natural flow. A considerable quantity of hydrogen sulphide gas is present in the water, and a turbidity due to precipitated sulphur soon arises when the water stands for a short time exposed to the air.

The chief constituents may be considered to be sodium chloride which forms 78 per cent of the total inorganic matter in solution and magnesium bicarbonate (13 per cent). The water may be classified as a sodic, magnesic, muriated saline water, and is very similar in composition to the Borthwick Spring Water.

The following results were obtained as a result of analysis:—

DOMINION SPRING. Laboratory No. 13.

Samples collected July, 1914

Temperatures: eciics okie oo eae 10°C. (50-0°F.)

How yids oe a eles So eee Small

SP aste Se Pac ca Cee eee ne ee Slightly salt

RCACHON hos aye ae sem oak

Specific gravity at 15°C 1-0065

Radioactivity ass ds ppedaoe cock Bimanavonscs os cc.6.- 22 units Dissolved radium 0-8 ,

Emanation in gas evolved Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity 84-3

Secondary salinity 1-3

Primary alkalinity

Secondary alkalinity. .14-4

Constituents :—

Sulphuric acid (SO,) Bicarbonic acid (HCO3) Carbonic acid COE eee Nitric acid (NOS) ee Nitrous acid gene. Phosphoric acid (PO,) Metaboric acid (BO,) Chlorine (Cl) ere. Bromine (Bp) G0) eee Iodine (LB) Seg MT Ss, Oxygen to form (Al,0;) Silica (SiO) ) Mane Iron (He). pan ue Aluminium (ADU eee ee Manganese (Min) ans eee Calcium (Caio? coe an Strontium (Sree eee Magnesium CMa) 8,2 ieee ae Lithium (EDGE E eeead Potassium a eee Sodium (Na): 5 ae Ammonium (NH,)..,

Lotaly ernest ne toy eee Oo

Total solids in solution, residue

dried at 110°C

"By Dr. Sterry Hunt.

oo ard

oo

Analysis.

Previous analysis. Parts per million. 3-7 — 1,410. —. — 98-4 17.0 —. 4,870. 4,019.3 6:0 16-9 0-6 PRU 47.20 133-0 1-6 trace 102. 60-0 —. trace 243 - 225- 0-03 — 126. 60-7 3,044.32 2,834.5 0-07 —. 9,887 -93 8 , 347-3

c.c. per litre.

Geology of Canada, p. 549, 1863.

Total inorganic matter in solution.

Per cent.

bd

an

ws om RS od

See

Reacting value.

Per cent.

Concentration value

Parts per million.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 13. Here ee eee ee aera eee eee eo er eT Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent.

A NLA AGUAS IOS USES ie Sa ASS RCS DUBE AER Sodium nitrite (Na NOaiierestcstieatentane trace — Sodium nitrate (Na NOS) eacnichie hunter tee 23-29 0-24 Ammonium chloride (NH,Cl) : 0-21 ae Potassium iodide CIS ate SE ee 0-83 0-01 Potassium bromide (KBr) +-+-+5 : 8-93 0.09 Lithium chloride (LAGI ere ie Se alate 0-17 ee Potassium chloride CCAD RRR AAU AN Tet 233 -93 2-37 Sodium chloride GEN SL WS Rs 8c 7,727-15 78-14 Magnesium chloride (MgCl) +++++-- 92-80 0-94 Calcium chloride (CaCl nis 20h cantons Sodium sulphate (NaS OD niente mei are Magnesium sulphate (MgSOu) +++-- 4.63 0-04 Calcium sulphate (CaSOuyi see yy ale kente Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOs) +-- Magnesium 1,313-88 13.29 Calcium bicarbonate ++ 413-02 4.18 Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate : 5-07 0-05 Calcium phosphate +++: 0-05 a Ferric oxide sores Alumina CATO SY Marae ene tenet 16-37 0-17 Silica (SiOs) Ree aN utente 47-20 0:48

Diamond Park Spring, Arnprior, Sanitaris Water. (14)

This spring lies at the foot of a hill about 50 yards from the Madawaska river on lot 26, concession XII, Pakenham township, Lanark county, Ontario.

It rises in a cemented and covered well, and flows at a rate of about 250 gallons per hour into the river, nearby. The water has a pleasant saline taste, and is carbonated and sold as "Sanitaris'' mineral water by the Sanitaris Mineral Water Co., of Arnprior and Ottawa. This is one of the most radioactive springs of those examined in eastern Canada, but on account of the small content of dissolved radium the water, when bottled, will soon lose its activity.

The water is not as strongly mineralized as that from the Borthwick. or from the Dominion Spring, although 80 per cent of the total inorganic matter in solution is sodium chloride. Calcium and magnesium bicarbonates may be considered to be the other predominant constituents.

Comparison of the two analyses, one in 1911 and the other in 1916, shows that no change in composition has taken place in the last five years. The water may be classified as a sodic, muriated alkaline-saline (bromic) water.

The following particulars were obtained as a result of analysis :—

DIAMOND PARK SPRING. Laboratory No. 14.

Sample collected July, 1914.

TO@Mperatupe. a i, yal. talk 9°C. (48°F.)

POW ee ee ean tal aa! 5 gallons per minute. Tastewe RUE ete ONS aAE Slightly salt

ReACUOMIe eee een they Alkaline

Specific gravity at 15°C me HL 04

RADIO ACTIUAE Ye SMUT cs Wes Emanetion; 02 )4).0 0. 226 units

Dissolved radium 1-7 ,

Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity 86-26

Secondary salinity... .

Primary alkalinity 0-04

Secondary alkalinity. .13-70

Analysis. Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution.

Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent.

Sulphuric acid (SONG eke 24.2 trace 0:47 0-30 Bicarbonic acid (HIGOs) ce 700- 719.2 13.64 6-87 Carbonic acid (CORN Oe! —. SS aimee ital Nitric acid (NOS) Ra esas 2:4 — 0-05 0-02 Nitrous acid (NOs) ana eae, trace — — ane Phosphoric acid (PO,) 0-04 an — — Metaboric acid (BO.) trace a aa ae Chlorine KCI Ni vk oe 2537 2488-45 49-37 42-77 Bromine (Bry 3 6-0 1-24 0-12 0-04 lodine 1 al eet 0-45 trace 0-01 — Oxygen to form (AbO;) 0-44 0-01 — ang eae ee Aa 6 25-0 18-73 0-49 —

ron CD rata 0-84 Aluminium (Aly 0-09 ae i Thai) Manganese (Man) oes a — saa aaa Calcium (DY ie tee. Go: 73-0 54-90 1-42 2-18 Strontium (Sr aun hide — ae ces ae Magnesium Iga ai as 95-0 81-50 1-85 4-67 Lithium (Ee Wns 0-2 — — 0-02 Potassium GS) fins vo was 33-1 22-43 0-64 0-51 Sodium (Na) Neto Ls 1640 1650-35 31-92 42-62 Ammonium CNEL GE acho. 0-0 0-39 a — PLO ECaIREM GA es tad 5 [aly Ss 5137-77 5037-73 100-00 100-00 Total solids in solution, residue Concentradredrarnl@cC ens! 4814 — — tion value Gases : Carbon Dioxide CO, c.c. per litre. Parts per million.

Hydrogen Sulphide H2S

Analysis by Prof. R. F. Ruttan, McGill University, 1911.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 14. Total Parts per 'inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite (NaNQOs).acerine ert Me trace — Sodium nitrate (NaN@2) See cee ore: 3-29 -06 Ammonium chloride CNC) a erence rrsine: 0-03 —. Potassium iodide (ISD) Sen eee 0-58 0-01 trace Potassium bromide (KBR eee cone 8-92 0-17 1-59 Lithium chloride (ICI WEL. his tenes 1-23 0-02 Potassium chloride (KC) Sees eae G 57-32 1-12 42-88 Sodium chloride (Na Gli e et pace 4135-7 80-50 4066 -0 Magnesium chloride (Me Clos cee Calcium chloride (CaCl) nie eee Sodium sulphate (NasSOR) pews a cietaenee 35-8 0-70 Magnesium sulphate (MoSOMe vaca Calcium sulphate (CASO MAL asa Sodium bicarbonate (NaHiGOs) Sect coer 1-22 0-02 189 .9 Magnesium bicarbonate 571-7 11-14 495-8 Calcium bicarbonate (Ca ive coer 295-5 5-75 221. Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate jn eae Calcium phosphate caeekiaets 0-12 Ferric oxide (ResOs eRe ate eeis 1-2 0-02 0-54 Alumina (ALO) Fasc noo cate 0-17 a i Silica (SIO) See asin 25-0 0-49 18-73 5137-78 100-00 5037 -34

Several springs are found in the neighbourhood of Bourget, Clarence township, Russell county, Ont. The Russell Lithia Mineral Water Co. own two of these on lot 20, concession II. Both were drilled and are 200 yards apart. Water from one boring is pumped by means of a windmill into tanks from which it is drawn to be bottled as Russell Lithia Water; the other flows naturally at the rate of 15 gallons per minute from a stand pipe. This water is pleasantly saline to the taste, and contains a considerable quantity of mineral matter in solution, having a specific gravity of 1-0065 at 15°C. Much gas bubbles up with the water, and also issues from pools in the swamp around the spring. Analysis showed the gas to be chiefly methane or ''marsh gas" and that it was radioactive, possessing an activity of 540 units.

Two other springs of similar character were inspected on the farm of A. Martel, about two miles from the Russell Lithia Spring. Both were bored wells, with a natural flow. One was 96 feet deep while the other was drilled to a depth of 136 feet. The water from each had a pleasantly saline taste.

The following analysis shows that sodium chloride forms 82 per cent of the total inorganic matter in solution while magnesium bicarbonate amounts to almost 10 per cent. Three per cent of sodium carbonate gives the water an alkaline reaction, accounting for a primary alkalinity of 2-48 per cent. The quantity of potassium is comparatively high, forming almost 3 per cent of the alkalies.

The water may be classified as a sodic, muriated, alkaline-saline (carbondioxated) water.

Russell Lithia Water.

Laboratory No. 17.

Pesmpetatuye cio 5s ea dh 10-0°C. (50°F.)

POW eEe ntact ae tit sr ok

Specific gravity at 15°C 1-005

Radionctinmty cain c. h EMCEE OIE Er. cake 109 units Dissolved radium pape oe

Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity 87-84

Secondary salinity

Primary alkalinity 2-48

Secondary alkalinity.. 9-68

Constituents :—

Sulphuric acid (SOx) Bicarbonic acid (HCOs;) Carbonic acid (GOs) a aes Nitric acid CNO3) RO Nitrous acid CNOs) Sete Phosphoric acid (PO,) Metaboric acid ra NERA Dati

Chlorine PER se Bromine (Br) Adasen Iodine FCO eS he Silica (SiOs) eae Iron (Be) esse Aluminium CAL ae Manganese INT 53) oa ret ni Calcium (CAO GEAR Strontium (Sr) ie ia Magnesium GC EUR a a Lithium CEE evan ereiehs Potassium CEOs Sodium ONES Eh aie nS Stlaie Ammonium GNED A) Li ereusimtet Mota: pe vaca ne rela neve iets

Total solids in solution, residue driediat 1dOP Cy sina ene,

Gases : Carbon Dioxide CO:

Hydrogen Sulphide H2S..

*By A. R. Pyne, M.B., Toronto, 1905.

Analysis. Total

Previous inorganic

analysis. matter in

solution.

Parts per million. Per cent. 2-7 1-9 0-03 960. — 12-12 9-6 — trace Sees Oy Heavy trace — — Heavy trace — — 4,040. 5,426.4 51-03 10-0 — 0-13 0-9 — 0-01 10-3 6-2 0-13 3-4 — 0-04 0-3 aa 32-3 — 0-41 1.9 — 0-02 131-3 40-0 1-65 1-2 0.6 0-01 90-2 231-6 1-14 2,630- 3,307 -4 33.22 4.2 —— 0-05 7,048.7 9,024-1 100-00 7,580 — — c.c. per litre. Parts per million.

hace 37-4 74-8

Reacting value. Per cent.

Ltt

cS

Ow nu

cooroo ooOoron OIA Hw

oF on Or

Concentration value

Hypothetical Combinations,

No. 17. ee — EE Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent.

Sodium nitrite NAN Gs irae ype aiys trace aa Sodium nitrate (NaNO ee en trace Smead Ammonium chloride (NH,Cl) 12-30 0-15 Potassium iodide CEST a UC Cee ae 1-66 0-02 Potassiunm bromide) (KBr) 14.28 0-18 Lithium chloride CEIGT) EU aE RIN 7-22 0.09 3.4 Potassiunnchlorideiy i (KEI) 2 yy Nie 162-41 2-05 440.0 Sodium chloride (NaC rey aA 6509-0 82-21 8396 -6 Magnesium chloride (MgClh) 157-4 Calcium chloride (CAG eRe NeE ae ees Sodium sulphate CNasSOO ear ean 4.26 0-05 Potassium sulphate (K2SO,) 3-5 Calcium sulphate (CaSO ee Neh se oe ae ' 17-0 Sodium carbonate (Nae COs genie wae Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOs;) 262 -00 3-31 Magnesium 789 -40 9.97 Calcium bicarbonate 130-41 1-65 Strontium 4.19 0-05 Ferrous bicarbonate 10-68 0-13 Calcium phosphate Ferric oxide CHeO Do. an eee Alumina CAL Os) Sehek cos Ca aon Silica (SIOD Gano Sone eae 10-30 0-13 6-2 Manganous 0-53 0-01

Carlsbad Springs, Russell County, Ont.

A group of seven saline springs are situated at Carlsbad Springs, a station on the Grand Trunk line from Ottawa to Montreal, and eight miles by road from Ottawa.

A commodious sanitarium with accommodation for 175 guests was erected ;, 1909 by Mr. Thomas Boyd, who owns six of the springs. The sanitarium is open during the summer months and suitable provision is made for visitors to obtain hot sulphur baths and to drink the waters from the various sources.

The springs lie together in a small area, bounded on one side by the road and sanitarium and on the other by a creek. The principal sources are enclosed in small summer houses, and rise in earthenware wells about 2 feet in diameter and several feet deep, the overflow running into the creek nearby.

The six waters show considerable difference in concentration and in properties. In this respect as well as in possessing similar constituents, they bear a resemblance to the group of waters at Caledonia Springs.

shud pogsyiong yo uvsd yoyay9

burst5 sP9 oO

anydjny HYIYM

pee, aboy

Pogs/Idd

Wuinisojo Ud

FLV 1g

%

The Soda spring has a primary alkalinity of 40 per cent, that is sodium bicarbonate forms a large proportion of the mineral matter present (48 per cent) and a primary salinity of 56 per cent. (Sodium chloride 44 per cent of total solids in solution). The Sulphur water has 16 per cent primary alkalinity, and 78 per cent primary salinity; the Lithia spring 7 per cent and 84 per cent respectively, while the Magic Water has no primary alkalinity but 74 per cent primary salinity, and 25 per cent secondary salinity. The explanation of this difference in properties is to be found in the fact that the waters 'are mixtures of waters from different strata, the most concentrated and saline water rising from the greatest depth, and mixing with less concentrated and alkaline waters at other levels in varying proportions. Thus the Magic water comes from a well 240 feet deep; the Lithia water is a mixture of this water and a less concentrated solution, coming from a vein 60 feet deep. The Sulphur and Soda contain still larger proportions of the less concentrated water, having sodium bicarbonate as its principal constituent. The waters rise from the Trenton limestone: the same formation from which the Caledonia springs issue; and Sterry Hunt's explanation of the different properties of those waters, lying so close together, holds similarly for the Carlsbad waters.

It is of interest to note that the water from the greatest depth contains the largest amount of radium. It is to be expected that the soda would be the most temporarily radioactive but there is no evidence of this. Gas is evolved from the springs in considerable quantity, especially from the Soda and Lithia Springs. Analysis of a sample gave the following results :—

Radioactivity, 230 units.

Constituents—

Methane (CH.) 91-7 per cent. Carbon dioxide (CO:) 0-6 per cent. Oxygen (Oz) 0-8 per cent. Nitrogen (N) 6-9 per cent. The following results were obtained on analysis of the waters:—

MAGIC SPRING. Laboratory No. 16.

Mamipie collected: June, 1917

GRIMEOATIIES. 10.5 oo ecco oe a oo 8-5°C (47-3°F).

OO A OS a

OE he ts a Very salt and bitter.

ks... ssc Alicaline,

Seetmepravity at 15°C. 1-015.

OV Preanation. 00... ssi e287 Units, Dissolved radium. :,:25'° ,

Emanation in gas evolved.

Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary' salinity. 2.60005.) 73-84

Secondary salinity 25-22

Primary alkalinity

Secondary alkalinity 0-94

Analysis. Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis* matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid) (SOE. te. 8-7 11-7 0-04 0-02 Bicarbonic acid (HCQOs;) 200 -00 102 -3 0-97 0-47 Carbonic acid Opals! —— — ae Nitric acid NOs) 2.7.8) tes — — —— Nitrous acid CNO2) ene trace — —- Phosphoric acid (PO,) — — Metaboric acid (BO2) trace — — Chlorine CCD Sah i ss uN, 12/520 15,693.80 60-72 49 .34 Bromine (BE ON Ne 100-00 — 0-48 0-17 Todine (I).. 2-0 — 0-01 a Silica (SiOs a Nake 10-7 9-0 0.05 a Iron Beye 15-8 24-5 0-08 0-08 Aluminium CAD ey ae — 1.2 Manganese Cine ai — — — Calcium CGE) Ba a eae 1,250- 1553 6-06 8-74 Strontium (SEB ea ee UN 17-3 — 0-08 0-03 Magnesium (Mg) 368 - 484. 1-78 4.23 Lithium CE Ness 3-3 — 0-02 0-06 Potassium CES Nea. 160- 82-6 0-77 0-57 Sodium CONN Oae Nae 5,960- 7,465 28 -90 36-23 Ammonium CNET Ma iinu eu 7:3 — 0-03 0-06 OLA Nk SUM VSN MAILMAN eles 20,618 -9 25,427 -1 100-00 100-00 Concentration value. Total solids in solution, residue driediatuiiOrG ri yee 22,140 ——— aoe 715 -04

c.c. per litre. Parts per million. Carbon Dioxide CO: 21-1 41-6 Hydrogen Sulphide HS.

Gases :

By C. Hoffmann. Ann. Rep., Geol. Surv., 1874-75, p. 319.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 16. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite NaNO or sheen e aie trace a Sodium nitrate GNaNO3) ee hoe Ammonium chloride (NH,Cl) 21-40 0-10 Potassium iodide (ERT) YS Ppt etee Hace hate 1-66 0-01 Potassium bramide® (KBr). os ees 148-75 0-72 Lithium chloride (BiG erase avi aee 19.97 0-10 Potassium chloride (ECC er ee tees tenn are 212 -33 1-03 157-7 Sodium chloride KONG) ica tonyanrers aren ee 15,152-00 73-50 18,981 -2 Magnesium chloride (MgCle) 1,442 -67 7-00 1,903 -1 Calcium chloride (GAC ete acre iacce.e ete 3,313 -90 16-07 4,169.2

Sodium sulphate UNasSOa) poet ce nen Magnesium sulphate (MgSO,) Calcium sulphate (CaSO Ieee aoe eee 12-24 0-06 19. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOs) Magnesium

'©

Calcium bicarbonate 211-14 1-02 177.3 Strontium 20-96 0-10 Ferrous bicarbonate 49 .84 0-24 12-1 Caicium phosphate Ferric oxide (Besa ee. 8,5 eae 31-1 Alumina (Al,03) ere ie ian ty Alor dk Ree, 2-2 Silica ESTO) Fs pu SIH Ta 10-70 0-05 9-0 Manganous 0.89

Analysis shows this to be a strongly mineralized sodic muriated saline (bromic) water. It was one of the most concentrated waters examined. The chief constituents may be considered to be sodium chloride (73 per cent of the total mineral matter in solution), magnesium chloride (7 per cent), and calcium chloride (16 per cent).

The water appears to be less concentrated than it was in 1875, when a sample was analysed by Dr. C. Hoffmann of the Geological Survey.

SULPHUR SPRING. Laboratory No. 15.

Sample collected, June, 1917.

UBMPETACUTCT co... s cs a ellen 8-9°C, (48°F.)

OS a eee 2 gallons per minute.

Lo Sa Slight indication of hydrogen sulphide. Reaction, Alkaline.

Specific en at t 15°C. aha Oe 1-002

ee 9 6 a Bniananon od esac. 90: units.

Dissolved radium Emanation in gas evolved.

Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity, 2.050... 78-48 Secondary salinity Primary alkalinity 16-42 Secondary alkalinity 5-10 Analysis. Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. ' solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid) WSO) Fea ack ee 3-6 1-5 0-11 0-07 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs3) 657- 680- 20-47 10-75: Carbonic acid (GOs vee eels —— — — — Nitric acid (NOs) sai eee aS coe — — Nitrous acid (NOD) es ae 0:6 0-02 -01 Phosphoric acid (PQ.) 0-01 trace — oe Metaboric acid (BOs) heavy trace. trace all es Chlorine CODY UA re: 1,390- 1,328-0 43 -30 39-11 Bromine (Baye nee 5-0 SS 0-16 0-06 Iodine (De. 0-6 SS 0-02 — Oxygen to form Fe; O3 &AIO3. . 0-8 nce (Si@>) 203 Aven 10-8 12-4 0.34 — ron Ce) eae aA 'Alaminiom (Al Acne sae si 0-04 Ore Manganese CVE Ta) Ass ee ie aes 0-07 a —— aa Calcium (Gaye ene st 7-8 13-6 0-24 0-39 Strontium (Sid a eesbatheaena ats 0:6 — 0-02 0-01 Magnesium CINE 22) tril eae aa 25-4 28-2 0-79 2-09 Lithium CEASA es ee 0-7 trace 0-02 0-10 Potassium (CER) el esd eae 40-0 22-5 T1325 1-02 Sodium (Nadel 1,065- 1,078- 33-17 46-24 Ammonium CN) ee 1-6 —— 0-05 0-09 Rota uy aaa aioet sat ae 1 13) 210218) 3, 166-9 100-00 100-00 Concentration value. Total solids in solution, residue diiedat 10> Cue tases 2,964 100-12 c.c. per litre. Parts per million. Gases: Carbon Dioxide COs. . 8-8 17-3 Hydrogen Sulphide HS. 1-3 2-2

Analysis by C. Hoffmann, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv., 1874-75, p. 317

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 15. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite (Na NQ3))ei0 peor alee 0-69 0-02 Sodium nitrate (NaNOs) Ammonium chloride CNA CI ee 0 a a 4.81 0-15 Potassium iodide COD a Se ela ee ay oe 0-83 0-03 trace Potassium bromide CBr eer n i) 1a wae 7-14 0.22 Lithium chloride CEI CI) eases ae iaaley axon 4.25 0-13 Potassium chloride CRG1y ere ale ae 71-52 2-23 40-0 Sodium chloride (NACH ia Sen ine 2, 225-00 69-30 2,158-4 Magnesium chloride Gis 2 9 BR Calcium chloride AGI Cre ee Ae Water Sodium sulphate UNasSOD NS) uineeee 4.97 0-15 Potassium sulphate. (CKESO eee ars Se 3-3 Calcium sulphate AOA) heroes eke Sodium bicarbonate CNA COs Ee Melee 690-00 21-49 836-5 Magnesium bicarbonate 152-90 4-76 170-9 Calcium bicarbonate 5 cme ae 31°59 0-98 54-9 Strontium bicarbonate 1-04 0-03 trace Ferrous bicarbonate eee ' § -34 0-17 6:6 Calcium phosphate so. 2i eee trace a trace Ferric oxide (esse sue ache oe Alumina CAL OR Ge ae te Silica (SiO ee Giase e 10-8 0-34 12-4 3,210-80 100-00 3, 283-0

The Carlsbad Sulphur water may be classified as a sodic, muriated alkaline-saline (sulphuretted) water. The primary alkalinity is 16-4 per cent higher than any of the others, except the Soda water. Sodium bicarbonate may be considered to form 21 per cent of the total solids in solution, while the remainder is largely sodium chloride. The overflow from this spring runs into a storage tank, and the water is used for hot sulphur baths.

Very little change in composition has taken place since the analysis by Dr. Hoffmann was made in 1875, as is shown by a comparison of the analyses.

LITHIA SPRING. Laboratory No. 20.

Sample collected June, 1917.

OP PCUTE. ae) sia oe ad 9-0°C. (48-2°F.) py A 6 gallons per minute. ik Saline

BR te eI Alkaline.

Specific gravity at 15°C

Rua 1-0026.

Radioachvityew is com eed Bnanatoneeceeret ice od Oe wants: Dissolved radium is a Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent. Primaryysalinity os< 63 84-32 Secondary salinity Primaryralkalinity... .% 7-02 Secondary alkalinity 8-66 Analysis. . Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid) (GOs)... 2-4 0-05 0-03 Bicarbonic acid (HCOQOs) 750- 15-35 7-84 Carbonic acid (COD a tare), a —— — Nitric acid CNO3) Sac e ree — — Nitrous acid. CNOD) eee trace —— —— Phosphoric acid (PO,) — — Metaboric acid (BOz) heavy trace ce wae Chlorine COD omee Whe 2,340. 47 -89 42.03 Bromine CBG) eeu aes 12-5 0-26 0-10 Iodine CLE ree Ea 0-5 0-01 oe Silica (SiO serene 12-7 0-26 a Iron 1 he) Wale AC Rea 2-4 0-04 0-05 Aluminium CALEY Ae ; —— ed Manganese ON Rep RN, AUS las trace od od Calcium (Cae tena 57- 1-17 1-82 Strontium (Sr). trace — ae Magnesium (Ms) sue nee: 47. 0-96 2-46 Lithium (QISRY DANO rs) Seven 1-5 0-03 0-13 Potassium (CE arnt a ers 50-1 1-02 0-82 Sodium (Nay een 1,608. 32-90 44.63 Ammonium CNP Rea 2: 0-05 0-09 ROE TURE aT HLA 9 4,886 -4 100-00 100-00 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value dried atest 105 Cy ne. 4,550 156-80

See ieee eee ee eee a eae aE Ta

Gases:

Carbon Dioxide CO, Hydrogen Sulphide H2S...

c.c. per litre.

Parts per million.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 20. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent.

Sodium nitrite (CNaIN@©3) ae eee trace — Sodium nitrate che oe trace — Ammonium chloride CNT Ci eas so ee 7-49 0-15 Potassium iodide (15 Bees SA AMEE aie et 0-66 0-01 Potassium bromide (RIBr ted enaor aan. 17-85 0-37 Lithium chloride CEE) en ge a ae 8-92 0-18 Potassium chloride CE a mee ee et 84-19 Lake Sodium chloride GNiaGh eon heat ay 3,768 -00 77-11 Magnesium chloride (MoCl) see eee

Sodium sulphate (NasSOa tes rack ature 3-55 0-07 Magnesium sulphate GMgSOiye. 3) 3-7 ce toe

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOs). 4c ce wees 464-50 9.51 Magnesium bicarbonate 282-40 5-78 Calcium bicarbonate sc ccrsa cine 230-00 4.71 Strontium bicarbonate trace —— Ferrous bicarbonate 2. 8 6-23 0-13 Calcium phosphate 25 onion ots

Alumina CAN ORY ie, ole as oe eles

The Lithia water can be classified as a sodic, muriated alkaline-saline water. Lithium is present in small amount, but in no greater quantity than in the other waters. The chief salts in solution may be assumed to be sodium chloride (77 per cent), sodium bicarbonate (9-5 per cent), calcium and magnesium bicarbonates (each about 5 per cent).

Soda Spring.

Laboratory No. 19.

sample collected +..June, 1917.

mee kk ei 2 gallons per minute.

ane a 2 500s 5, s oe LALO

Speciic gravity at-15°C 1-0008.

OS PAA so acs to ee SOL UDICS. Dissolved radium 1:1,

Emanation in gas evolved.230 ,,

Properties of reaction in per cent.

Secondary salinity

Primary alkalinity 40-52

Secondary alkalinity 3-02

Analysis. Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric/acid: (SQa))ni22 i). 0-7 0-05 0-02 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) 526- 37-73 21-77 Carbonic acid (COS ee eens — — —— Nitric acid CNOR NE ee a a od Nitrous acid CNOD) ae —- a —— Phosphoric acid)\(EO2) seu iawn 0:02 wae — Metaboric acid (BO2) heavy trace —— —. Chlorine (CD! 394. 28 -26 28-01 Bromine (BE Noo. G Ree 6-1 0-44 0-20 Iodine CO NM SoS trace — — Silica an be oie LR 10-4 0-75 — Iron. Dey hes sae Aluminium (Al)... 2-9 tas 0-25 Manganese (Mn).. trace — a Calcium (Cay EO yee 2 . 0-27 0-48 Strontium (Sten ever nets — — — Magnesium (Mg) 3-8 0-27 0-78 Lithium (Lays 1-1 0-08 0-40 Potassium RQ YUAN MINI aE 18-8 1-35 1-21 Sodium CINE OR eieene 426. 30-56 46-81 Ammonium CNH en 0-45 0-03 0-07 Oba leer iy asians eat Antunes 1,394.07 100-00 100-00 Total solids in solution, residue ried atl 1 OF Maier els 1,170-

Gases:

Carbon Dioxide CO, Hydrogen Sulphide H2S ..

c.c. per litre. 6:7

Parts per million.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 19. 5 a TD DEA CU a ws Ln AGN AEA a Ole Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite NANO as Pees aa oe Sodium nitrate. (NaNO) poe adas Ammonium chloride CNG Cia teehee 1-60 -11 Potassium iodide CRED) ee Ia tee ae ae trace oo Potassium bromide (ECB) i ee ie at hee 9.52 0-68 Lithium chloride (CUCU teen ie eee 6-80 0-49 Potassium chloride (CIRCA eas bor 29 -80 2-14 Sodium chloride CNaG)) Me iat ener tee 614 -30 44.05 Magnesium chloride (McGhee yee ae een Calcium chloride (Gay esl ie kas Sodium sulphate CNasSOD sce sae 0-71 0-05 Magnesium sulphate (MSSOR IRE ree see Calcium sulphate ({CASO{ eer uate Sodium bicarbonate WING EIC OR ais tye ee 674-00 48 -40 Magnesium bicarbonate 22-68 1-63 Calcium bicarbonate hee 15.39 1-10 Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate (RedH@Os ai. asses 8-90 0-64 Calcium phosphate io i ee trace no Ferric oxide Ces @ a) eels wae Alumina (Al,O3) cele WoW ae hale Te Vevey eh Silica (SIO See ye nid oh ee 10-40 0-75

Water from the Soda spring is the least mineralized of all the Carlsbad waters, and probably is the alkaline water which in the other springs mingles with a more concentrated saline water, in varying proportions.

Its primary alkalinity is high—over 40 per cent, another way of stating that sodium bicarbonate is a predominant constituent (48 per cent of the solids in solution).

The water is not quite as pleasant to drink as the Sulphur or the Lithia water, on account of its slightly alkaline taste.

Analysis shows it to be a sodic, bicarbonated, muriated water of the alkaline-saline type.

Victoria Sulphur Spring, Carleton County, Ont. (22)

This is a disused spring at the side of Green's creek, two miles from Ottawa, near the Montreal Road. It is situated on the bank of the creek, rising in an old wooden well, and flows at a rate of 250 gallons per hour. A considerable quantity of hydrogen sulphide is contained in the gas given off from the water, and by the action of the air it is decomposed forming a

sulphur deposit around the spring. The chief constituent of the gas is methane. The radioactivity of the gas was found to be 800 units.

Water from the spring was once in great demand and a sanitarium built near had a considerable reputation, but it is now in ruins and the spring is in a neglected condition and disused.

No complete analysis has been made but the following particulars were ascertained :—

Sample collected July 1914. Temperature, 9-2°C. Flow, 4 gallons per minute. Taste, strong sulphur. Specific gravity at 15°C., 1-004. Radioactivity, Emanation 112 units. Dissolved radium, trace. Emanation in gas evolved, 800 units. Hydrogen sulphide in water, 8-8 c.c. per litre.

PLANTAGENET MINERAL SPRING, PRESCOTT COUNTY, ONT. (31) : This is an old spring mentioned by Sterry Hunt in Geology of Canada, p. 541, 1886. He stated that it rises from the lower Silurian formation.

It is strongly saline and possesses a specific gravity of 1-0085, approximately equivalent to a sodium chloride content of 10,000 parts per million.

It rises in a wooden cased well close to Plantagenet station, but water from it is seldom used to-day, and no analysis has, as yet, been made of this water. Radioactive measurements show a temporary radioactivity of 104 units per litre.

CALEDONIA SPRINGS, PRESCOTT COUNTY, ONT. (25, 26, and 27)

The waters at Caledonia Springs form one of the best known group of springsin Canada. They were known to the settlers in the Ottawa Valley as early as 1806 and well patronized by them. The residents of Montreal and Ottawa also visited them and had a considerably more arduous journey than their descendants to-day, who now reach the springs in an hour and a half from Montreal or Ottawa, travelling in a comfortable, well-equipped train. In those days, visitors from Montreal had to take the train to Lachine, thence by steamer through Lake St. Louis and Lake of Two Mountains, to Carillon; again by train to Grenville, where a boat was taken to l'Orignal. From this place the ten-mile journey to the springs was completed by stage. Accounts still exist of the various events of those days, horse races, walking contests, miraculous cures, and hotel fires, and many interesting stories are told. In recent years, the Canadian Pacific

Sulphur and Saline Springs. Caledonia Springs, Prescott Co., Ont.

Plate Iit.

Gas Spring.

Caledonia Springs, Prescott Co., Ont.

Railway Co. has developed the chief springs and managed an excellent hotel, although it has been closed since the outbreak of the war. Altogether, seven separate sources of water exist within a small area, and the eighth—the Duncan Spring—is only two milesaway. Of the seven sources, three are flowing springs and four are artesian wells. The three springs: the Saline, the Sulphur, and the Gas Spring, lie quite close together, the Sulphur and Saline only a few feet apart. The springs have been the subject of several analyses, dating back from 1843, when they were examined by Dr. James Williamson. Twice Dr. Sterry Hunt made analyses of the waters, in 1847 and in 1865. In 1903-1907, Professor R. F. Ruttan of McGill University carried out a careful investigation for the Caledonia Springs Mineral Water Co. They were again analysed as detailed in this report in 1916. The chief constituent of all the waters may be considered to be sodium chloride, and several of them show considerable similarity in composition. The waters from the springs are of considerable therapeutic value, and many cures have been effected by the use of them. An interesting paper' was written on the therapeutic properties of the Caledonia Springs by Dr. E. S. Harding, B.A., M.D., sometime resident physician, and the statements given, concerning the individual waters, are taken from it. According to Sterry Hunt, they rise from the Trenton limestone formation, though he considered that three of the waters at least were formed by the mingling of a concentrated saline water with water containing alkaline carbonate such as would be derived from argillaceous sediments, similar to those composing the Utica and Hudson River formations.

SALINE SPRING, CALEDONIA SPRINGS. (25) The Saline, and the Sulphur Springs, issue only a few feet apart. The sulphur water comes from a fissure in the rock, 14 feet down, while the saline water proceeds from the junction of the clay and the rock. In 1915,

the outlet of these two springs was cleaned up, and white tiled partitions built, so that the two waters are entirely separated.

The saline water is carbonated and bottled, and has an extensive sale under the name of 'Magi' Caledonia water. It constitutes a very pleasant and at the same time beneficial beverage.

The water may be classified as a sodic, muriated, alkaline-saline water. (Slightly sulphuretted and carbondioxated). It contains small amounts of bromides and iodides, which have some therapeutic importance, besides the larger amounts of magnesium (10-6 per cent), and calcium bicarbonates (2 per cent), and sodium chloride (83 per cent of the total inorganic matter in solution).

1 Harding, E. S., The Treatment of Rheumatism at Caledonia Springs, Montreal Medical Journal, April,

The following particulars were obtained upon analysis:—

Saline Spring.

Laboratory No. 25.

Sample collected October, 1915.

MeMpErAtULes sa. sion Gaye ayes 8-5°C. (47-3°F.)

BOM este eaten eles Veuuaiiices 2 gallons per minute.

Taste)\ RAY A UC eS Pleasantly saline.

FA CULOM I. inca vralateue ie nate aa Alkaline.

Specific gravity at 15°C 1-0063

FRAGIOACEIVALY (cy tes Siento PMaAgaooe ai 30 70 units. Dissolved radium 5-6

" Emanation in gas evolved.

Properties of reaction in per cent. Primary salinity 88-60 Secondary salinity. ... Primary alkalinity 0-94 Secondary alkalinity. .10-46

Constituents:—

Sulphuric acid (SODRAH D4 1-02 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) 930 — Carbonic acid (COS O44 — 508 -33 Nitric acid (NOs) — Nitrous acid (NO ey trace Phosphoric acid (POD trace Metaboric acid (BOs) ee trace Chlorine (CLs 4,194. 4,153.04 Bromine (Brees: 10.0 15-30 Iodine GL) aR ute: 1-6 1-26 Oxygen to form (Al,O3). 0-18 Silica (SiOz)... 15-0 28-0 Iron (He) 2a. 1.2 0-3 Aluminium CADE nai 0:21 0-89 Manganese (Ma). sae trace Calcium (Cae eas 41-0 53-98 Strontium (Sr) eres 2-9 — Magnesium (Mey 143-0 127.21 Lithium Ciioe: 2-4 — Potassium (GSS) n shar nee 78-4 15.23 Sodium (Na)... cs: 2,601.4 2,765 -43 Ammonium (NH,) 4.89 4-09 CN OUA lee ma einer t) Sen. Bes 8,118.28 7,674.08 Total solids in solution, residue driediaty 10°C sue na 7,762

Gases :

Carbon Dioxide CQz Hydrogen Sulphide H2S.

Analysis.

Previous analysis.*

Parts per million.

*By Prof. R. F. Ruttan, McGill University, 1903.

c.c. per litre.

Total inorganic matter in solution,

Per cent.

eo

PO Hw

Htl

n

oor orn NOnNAaD

nee er Onn om DARE 00

w OWoe oro Aww

Reacting value.

Per cent.

Ht 1183

or On

oPRoOO RR Ons maw

Parts per million,

Hypothetical Combinations,

No. 25. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. SEG LN ssi SUT UES ee A ee TP ek Sodium nitrite (NaNO) trace K Sodium nitrate (NaNQaye aie): boven Ammonium chloride (NELGDW Ae as 14-55 0-18 Potassium iodide (CRD Aoshi. Beate 2-00 0-02 Potassium bromide CREBE) UE AON Seinen 14-88 0-18 Lithium chloride (GHG) ei ae aa 14.58 0-18 Potassium chloride (KCD 2 tase nee 139 .54 t72 Sodium chloride (Na Ciena sone 6,766 -00 83 -35 Magnesium chloride (Me Gl) siseiuiae aes Calcium chloride (CaCl) ent ease Sodium sulphate (NasSOa) ie teeees 3-12 0-04 Magnesium sulphate (leSOn eee Calcium sulphate (GaSODn eee Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) ee are 110-63 1-36 Magnesium bicarbonate 860-36 10-61 Calcium bicarbonate eee 166-05 2-04 Strontium bicarbonate 6-92 0-08 Ferrous bicarbonate 3-83 0-05 Calcium phosphate ene Ferric oxide (FesOs) 25 hour Alumina (AL Ogee eons 0-39 0-01 Silica (SiO>) sek cee iene 15-0 0-18 8,118.15 100-00

The Sulphur Spring water differs slightly from the Saline water, in holding a large amount of hydrogen sulphide gas in solution, and in containing only 4 per cent of sodium bicarbonate, giving it a higher primary alkalinity. It also contains a smaller amount of mineral matter in solution—6231 parts per million, as compared with 8118 parts per million. The analysis shows it to be a sodic, muriated, carbonated, alkaline-saline water (sulphuretted). It owes its therapeutic properties, in part, to the presence of hydrogen sulphide, and is used largely in the treatment of rheumatism.

Analysis gave the following particulars :—

Sulphur Spring.

Laboratory No. 26.

Sample collected October, 1915. Temperature.) Osean neem ae 8-3°C. (46-9°F.) LOW eRe eR ere sc) fa ARC 2 to 3 gallons per minute.

Reaction

Specific gravity at 15°C Radioactivity

eee ee ee ee

ee ee eee

Selene ¢'¢ 0

Slightly saline,

with

hydrogen sulphide.

Alkaline.

Emanations 200

Dissolved radium Emanation in gas evolved.

Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity

Secondary salinity. ... Primary alkalinity... . Secondary alkalinity. .10-72

at S

indication of

units. Orn ue

oOo eee SS SS

Constituents :—

Sulphuric acid Bicarbonic acid Carbonic acid Nitric acid Nitrous acid Phosphoric acid Metaboric acid Chlorine Bromine Iodine

Sulphur

Silica

Iron Aluminium Manganese Calcium Strontium Magnesiun, Lithium Potassium Sodium Ammonium

Total solids in solution, residue

Cu CECI Cu

wile sere

F gu onde ere

se eee

drediapttOrG 2" hire sin. os.

Gases :

Carbon Dioxide CQ:

Analysis. Previous

analysis.

Parts per million. 861- 443 -84 trace ant ,086- 2,836 -34 14.5 1.23 17.9 53-95 traces trace 39-8 124.12 0-8 emer 108-0 54-98 1-8 —- 57-2 14-65 , 034-6 1,923.14 4.37 2-73 6,231-77 5,463 -21

Hydrogen Sulphide H2S.

c.c. per litre.

By Prof. R. F. Ruttan, McGill University, 1903.

inorganic Reacting matter in value. solution, Per cent. Per cent. 0-05 0-03 13-82 6-98 49 .52 42.90 0-23 0-09 0-04 0-28 0-64 0-98 0-01 0-01 1-73 4.37 0-03 0-13 0-92 0-72 32-65 43-67 0:07 0-12 100-00 100-00 Concentration value.

Parts per million,

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 26. f Total Parts per inorganic Constituent :-— million. matter in solution. Per cent. WUE Ab RAT NENW PECL DE NC Is PRL RUS aU Sodium nitrite (NaNQ sera aces Sodium nitrate (Na eeu eine Ammonium chloride (NEG CI ia aae 12-8 0-20 Potassium iodide De Re 3-3 0-05 Potassium bromide GBR) S Vaneeu yuna 21-5 0-35 Lithium chloride LACAN GOs er tens 10-9 0-17 Potassium chloride CERO ENCED 94.3 1-51 Sodium chloride (Na GD er ane ivan 4,982.3 79 95 Magnesium chloride OUETOD aE aes he Calcium chloride Cah Ce viene meee Sodium sulphate (NasSO aE tioned 4.9 0-08 Magnesium sulphate EMeSOD CROs: Calcium sulphate (CASON Auer Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO;)\. 2.3... 270-9 4-35 Magnesium bicarbonate 649 -8 10-43 Calcium bicarbonate yee fuels SOL 2 2-59 Strontium bicarbonate are 1-9 0-03 Ferrous bicarbonate Calcium phosphate hae: trace Ferric oxide CecOs ea veh eccte sete thine Alumina CATO EN aie Silica KSI) RE tees 17-9 0.29 6,231-7 100-00

Noe eee ee rea eee eco a race eee eee e ac ee ee Nearer as oe Ter Ben rT oa oa

Previous analysis.

The Gas Spring is also a sodic, muriated, alkaline-saline water, and closely resembles the Saline water in composition, though the flow is slightly less. Gas is evolved from the water, which rises in a circular glass capped cement well, and was found to possess a radioactivity of 306 units.

Analysis by Prof. Ruttan gave:—

Methane Cee oon aa te ele stele Ethane, CoHe. SIAR DAI cA 3 Yh el aA ANS a Garbonimonoxide, 'CO. ow ae nines! a. Carbonndioxides' COs.) 805 Oe ee ee tao. INTEPORET NT an Sinan UU ee aa

The relatively high percentage of carbon monoxide may account for the alleged night-mare-giving properties of the water. The therapeutic use of the water is due mostly to the presence of carbonic acid and the bicarbonates, making it of value in gastric conditions.

The following data were obtained upon analysis :—

THE GAS SPRING. Laboratory No. 27.

Sample collected October, 1915.

rm Chaperature yeh. i RUN 7-9°C. (46-2°F.)

ROW eae eae rarer a te 2-3 gallons per minute.

ROStGa Ae Stee sc, Slightly saline.

Specific gravity at 15°C... : 1-0063

RamiOachviny uk. cs Ake o: emanation is oo uy} 90 si units. Dissolved radium ' 8-4),

Emanation in gas evolved 306 Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity 89-12

Secondary salinity... .

Primary alkalinity 0-24

Secondary alkalinity. .10-64

"

Analysis. Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent.

Sulphuriciacia. (SOs). e-em Deal 0-53 0-02 0-01 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) 925. a 10-94 5.44 Carbonic acid Os) ase — 468 -27 — — Nitric acid NOD oe — —— Nitrous acid (NOM Seat 0-14 trace — — Phosphoric acid (POu) .1-0 0-01 0-01 Metaboric acid (BOs) trace — od Chlorine (CLE arent. 4,412. 4,212 -02 52-16 44.53 Bromine (BE) Gia nn 2-4 13-46 0-03 0-01 Iodine CL) ection 0-6 0-98 — — Oxygen to 3-1 — 9.04 —— Silica (SiO2) Reacts e 17-1 30-82 0-20 — Iron (Bie) eet 2 0-6 0-64 0-01 —— Aluminium CAL) GN, Cis 3-5 0-97 0-04 — Manganese (Min) ceteernd — trace — a Calcium Ca ee SON 70-8 57-74 0-84 1-27 Strontium (SE) iRae meets as 2-1 — 0-02 0-01 Magnesium (Mig ei.) 137-0 120-77 1-62 4.04 Lithium CED Sls AU aeaeae 4.7 aa 0-06 0-27 Potassium (OOS aN Ess aaah 60-9 13.12 0-72 0-56 Sodium (Na) Oe 2,808 -94 2,779 -78 33-21 43-77 Ammonium (NAQIS Geos: 5-81 4.91 0-07 0-11 Tstaks cee Gaus OR 2 8,457-79 7,704-02 100-00 100-00

i Concentration

value.

Total solids in solution, residue driedjat'tiOeG. weer a. 8,140 279 -12 CA Ae A Re oun TS RN DT rh MADD Eau ee eet c.c. per litre. Parts per million. Gases: Carbon Dioxide COQz 19-5 38-5 Hydrogen Sulphide H:S. 0-4 0-3

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 27. ae Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite (NANO) eoeenped ce 0-21 — Sodium nitrate INaINOs) Senn te Ammonium chloride CNEL Clpreect nes 17.28 0-20 Potassium iodide Dares aa oe 0-83 0-01 Potassium bromide (Baye nae 3-57 0-04 Lithium chloride (ACH ene 28 -52 0-34 Potassium chloride (ECD ee ieee ae 113-76 1-35 Sodium chloride ING GLA eee boas 7,123-00 84-22 Magnesium chloride (MeCN tree: Calcium.chloride Cah pete es! Sodium sulphate (CNasSOD Ra ae 3-48 0-04 Magnesium sulphate (MgSO erect ten Calcium sulphate (GaSODR SAEs: Sodium bicarbonate oa 26 -88 0-32 Magnesium bicarbonate 824.00 9.74 Calcium bicarbonate jas ce 284-12 3-36 Strontium bicarbonate (SEE COS) 2) 505 cele. 5-03 0-06 Ferrous bicarbonate 1-87 0-02 Calcium phosphate 1-60 0-02 Ferric oxide (Re. eee sn oN" Alumina CAL Os) OR cage 6-60 0-08 Silica (SIO3) Fe Se 17-10 0-20

8,457 -85 100-00 Ee oe Ses mre seh es THE DUNCAN SPRING. No. 28. The Duncan Spring is situated two miles from the hotel, and flows with considerable force from a pipe inserted in a boring, 141 feet deep. Much gas issues in bubbles with the water, and can be lit at the mouth

of the pipe. Analysis by Professor Ruttan in 1913 showed' it to have the following composition :—

Bee LIG er) ok gy 86-00 per cent. Ethane and heavy hydrocarbons, C.Hg 0-77 5 Caruon munoxice, CO 550.. 1-05 2 eater eoside, (es... cs ass \duhee. 0-69 " Der oes ask hd Pane eu lasek EA 11-46 - Argon with traces of helium 0-02 hi

The radioactivity was found to be 224 units per litre (N.T.P.)

The water is strongly saline, and has a bitter taste, due to the large amount of magnesium and calcium salts present. The action of this water is strongly aperient, and its use is confined almost entirely to cases of constipation. The bitter taste is lost when the water is taken hot. Analysis shows it to be a sodic, magnesic, muriated water of the alkaline-saline class.

Ss Sss

THE DUNCAN SPRING. Laboratory No. 28.

Sample collected. yore. ay October, 1915. Temperature...) 2). ih Nee 9°C. (48:2°F.) LA Fe Ue) CN ACARI CRRA ORIEL 8 3 gallons per minute. RESTO Tee NK Na ag Strongly saline and bitter. Reactions sch eee Lae: Specific gravity at 15°C... 00), 1-0073 Radioactivity.) am whee Fema atiGitaicy ses sos eteuetets 53 units. Dissolved radium SPO! 5) Emanation in gas evolved 204 Properties of reaction in per cent. Primary salinity .88-06 Secondary salinity... . Primary alkalinity 3-34 Secondary alkalinity... 8-60 Analysis. Total inorganic Reacting Constituents :— Previous matter in value. analysis. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid aa ae 3-4 1-02 0-03 0-02 Bicarbonic acid (HCO;) 1,200. 12-00 5-97 Carbonic acid (COs einer leky — vies —— Nitric acid (NODE cake — Sa a a Nitrous acid CNOA ee sa ——— cache Sante Phosphoric acid (PO,) 1.2 trace 0-01 0-01 Metaboric acid (BO2) trace — al Chlorine (GU Ske 5,137-5 5,503 -36 51-34 43 -96 Bromine CSE) et ve 3 se 10-0 18 -62 0-10 0-04 Iodine US Oa 1-5 0-65 0-01 — Oxygen for (ALO) eiis lek 0-23 — — aeES: Silica GiOs ee sia 10-9 16-08 0-10 — Iron CES) etsy 1-3 0-64 0-01 0-01 Aluminium CD UES Pha 0-26 trace — — Manganese COND yma ay) 2) 4 0-05 trace —. — Calcium (Garena. (7 43-5 122-68 0-44 0-66 Strontium RS A 2) ne 1.8 —— 0-02 0-01 Magnesium (Oh ah) son 8 aaa 145. 433-61 1-45. 3-62 Lithium (EARS 28 17-2 — 0-17 0-75 Potassium GO eG Ne 86. 12-51 0-86 0-67 Sodium CNA) Pees 3,339 -3 3,208 .22 33 -36 44.10 Ammonium CNEL rea 270 10-75 11-12 0-10 0-18 AL otal yt). ya ope nopweenmeter at). 10,009 .89 10,151-81 100-00 100-00 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value. dried at LLOSG Ou aenb GS 8 9,500- 329.27

c.c. per litre. Carbon Dioxide CO: 96-0 Hydrogen Sulphide H2S

Gases :

By Prof. R. F. Ruttan, McGill University, 1903.

Parts per million.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 28. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent.

Sodium nitrite i cause ee Sodium nitrate CNaINOS) as acer Ammonium chloride CNEYCW ane 31-94 0-31 Potassium iodide 1S NS the Raa es Ba 0 2-00 0-02 Potassium bromide KB eeis ce 14-88 0-15 Lithium chloride KEICH) era heen 104-42 1-04 Potassium chloride (KG) een 154-07 1-54 Sodium chloride CNai GCL eateiaaer ct. 8,166 -34 81-63 Magnesium chloride CMC) are elon Calcium chloride (CaGh ieee ae. Sodium sulphate CNasSOD ea: 5-04 0-05 Magnesium sulphate Ue SOne es se ae Calcium sulphate KCESO Maen ets Y Sodium bicarbonate (NDR COs) HI eee eee 463-76 4.63 Magnesium bicarbonate 872 -36 8-71 Calcium bicarbonate zee 173 -18 1-73 Strontium bicarbonate (SEC COs) 2) Sane 4.30 0-04 Ferrous bicarbonate a2 24 2. 4-09 0-04 Calcium phosphate (CasKBOg ad steer. 1-91 0-01 Ferric oxide Hess ine nak acre tits Alumina CSE Os ice nein 0-49 —- Silica SiOp PAN soil eniae 10-90 0-10 Manganous bicarbonate 0-18

The Artesian Sulphur Spring.

The Artesian sulphur water is obtained from an artesian well, on the other side of the track from the hotel. The well is drilled 168 feet, the first 68 feet being through clay. The water is less mineralized than the others, contains much more hydrogen sulphide gas and has high primary alkalinity (11 per cent).

It can be classified as a sodic, muriated, bicarbonated, alkaline-saline (sulphuretted) water. The water is pumped across to the hotel, where it is largely used for sulphur baths.

The following analysis, the first that has ever been made of the water, gave these particulars :—

THE ARTESIAN SULPHUR SPRING. Laboratory No. 29.

Sample collected October, 1915. On 9-4°C, (48-9°F.) ls a eS OS Een ne Small

TEASER NiMioh Uictesag ee mien israel Slightly saline and hydrogen sulphide.

BREA OULOR Ve ad ilu less iets Alkaline.

Specific gravity at 15°C 1-0024

RAagipacnvityc si...ces ka eee iO ee ive a 6 DOL Saga ai 56 units. Dissolved radium a Tite

Emanation in gas evolved

Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity 2. 79-94 Secondary salinity Primary alkalinity 11-30 Secondary alkalinity 8-76 Analysis. Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuriciacid, (SO) 0 72s. 98-6 2-91 1.95 Bicarbonic acid (HCQ3) 645- 19.04 10-03 Carbonic acid (COs )oae ees: — —— es Nitric acid (NOS) Geer — — Nitrous acid (NOs) eee 2 0-09 0-06 Phosphoric acid (PO,) ——- Metaboric acid (BO2) trace — ——— Chlorine (Gl) ae eer we. 1,418.5 41-88 37 -90 Bromine (Beer 4.8 0-14 0-06 Iodine (iD) Save sereraietes trace — — Oxygen for (ALOs) is sets 4.09 0-12 ae Silica (SOs) Surv es 21-7 0-64 oe Iron (HO WAN RRL 1-0 0-03 0-03 Aluminium (AN) rea hie 4-6 0-13 ae Manganese CNIN) tee 0-04 a — Calcium (Gaye moment. 27-7 0-82 1-31 Strontium (SE) Wire, 2-1 0-06 0.04 Magnesium (IMG) River Ae 38-5 1-14 3-00 Lithium Chie een ies 1-6 0-05 0-22 Potassium (ROG ec 37-5 1-11 0-91 Sodium (Na) Rice cer 1,076.2 31-78 44.40 Ammonium CN eee, 1-77 0-06 0-09 Ocal elu. e ee aotavestereecrere + 3,386 -90 100-00 100-00 Concentration value. Total solids in solution, residue dried atl lOl Care peer eer 3,106 105 -43 c.c. per litre. Parts per million. Gases: Carbon Dioxide COz 15-4 30-4

Hydrogen Sulphide H2S. 6-8 10-9

Sit HYPOTHETICAL COMBINATIONS.

No, 29. SEE Oe Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million, matter in analysis, solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite (NaNOD MSGi eas 4-83 0.14 Sodium nitrate CNANO3) ee gas Ammonium chloride (NEG Si: ee 5.24 0-15 Potassium iodide CRD) SA are eae trace a Potassium bromide (CIKBra is ose 7-14 0.21 Lithium chloride CLIC) rere eee 9-69 0-29 Potassium chloride (set Ga NE ee eke a 67-20 1-98 Sodium chloride CNa Ce Aste 2,265 -70 66-90 Magnesium chloride (Mo Glyatins pra Calcium chloride (CaGh) See irene ss Sodium su!phate (NawSO neater 145 -82 4.30 Magnesium sulphate (MoSOa re ye Calcium sulphate (CaSOwy oe iebiee. Sodium bicarbonate (NASHCO3)\ Aes: 498 -70 14.73 Magnesium bicarbonate 231-60 6-84 Calcium bicarbonate ee 112-18 3-31 Strontium bicarbonate oe eee 5-03 0-15 Ferrous bicarbonate 3-20 0-10 Calcium phosphate ces Ferric oxide eden Alumina (ALLO3) Peas since 8-69 0-26 Silica an ue 21-70 0-64 Manganous bicarbonate 0-18

Gurd&#x27;S Saline Waters, Caledonia Springs. (33-34)

Charles Gurd and Co. of Montreal, own two artesian wells, situated some 250 yards from the main group of the chief Caledonia springs.

The two wells—20 feet apart, are both 68 feet deep, sunk through clay to the rock. Barrel loads of the less saline water are taken to Montreal each week. The more saline water contains almost twice as much mineral matter in solution as the less saline, and is nearly as concentrated as the Duncan water; but it differs from it in having sulphuric acid in noticeable quantity, and containing less bicarbonic acid. It can be classified as a sodic, muriated, sulphated saline water, and would no doubt have considerable value as a purgative water. Magnesium sulphate to the extent of 2-5 per cent and 4-2 per cent magnesium bicarbonate are present in the water, while the principal constituent is sodium chloride (84%).

The following results were obtained upon analysis :—

Laboratory No. 33.

se eceee

Specific gravity at 15°C

Radioactivity... eacieen

@ Lei yess, oye

ce ee eee

Gurd&#x27;S Saline.

Strongly saline.

Emanation Dissolved radium

re

eee eee roe

Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent.

50 units. cH

Primary Salinity... 00.082 Secondary salinity 6-40 Primary alkalinity Secondary alkalinity 6-08 Analysis. Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid (SOD Sa 197-0 2-00 1-24 Bicarbonic acid (EECO3)) Ake 613- 6-23 3-04 Carbonic acid COs) eRe, — — Nitric acid (NOs). 10-2 0-10 0-05 Nitrous acid (NO) Geeks —-- od Phosphoric acid (EO) ENO 1-6 0-01 0-01 Metaboric acid (BOs) Sees — —- — Chlorine (COs Dig Bae 5,352: 54 -38 45-61 Bromine (BE Pe 13-0 0-13 0-05 Todine (Bye 0-5 0-01 — Oxygen to form (Al,O3) 0:8 0-01 aa Silica (SiO, ei as 12-6 0-13 SS Iron (Renita ieanny: 0-9 0-01 0-01 Aluminium CAD ea a 0-9 0-01 ae Manganese CVn) eae 0-02 — ——— Calcium (Cay As 82-5 0-84 1-25 Strontium (Sree enh 10-3 0-10 0.07 Magnesium GNIS area 197-3 2-00 4-91 Lithium TUT) Ola 1-8 0-02 0-08 Potassium CR): 67-1 0-68 0-52 Sodium (Nae uahan. 3,278- 33-31 43-12 Ammonium (NH EO 2-8 0-03 0-04 RRO ca Len Ata Py wet Nani Aha 9,842 -32 100-00 100-00 Concentration Total solids in solution, residue value. Aredia AOI eam 10,070 330-58

Gases :

Carbon Dioxide CO: Hydrogen Sulphide HS.

c.c. per litre.

Parts per million.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 33. HLM SSRN NY IPI AUT BNO ROH PASNEW NY MASE NAA Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. a el LAIN TE Th ang! Sodium nitrite (NaNO) et aes Sodium nitrate CNaINO3) Soe in eta 14-03 0-14 Ammonium chloride ENE OR ETN 8-35 0-08 Potassium iodide USD ONL LA 0-66 0-01 Potassium bromide EB) a Ou ees ve 19.40 0. 20 Lithium chloride (EAC eet Ran! 10.92 0-11 Potassium chloride CE Cane See ein 115-70 1-18 Sodium chloride NaCI no Nanay, 8, 328-76 84-62 Magnesium chloride (McGinty Wi) 306 -12 3-11 Calcium chloride (CaCl) nose ie Sodium sulphate dNasSO, rien y Magnesium sulphate CMS OR) SUN i aaa ae 246 -42 2-50 Calcium sulphate (CaSO Canna ee Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO; 47 a ee Magnesium bicarbonate 417 .48 4.24 Calcium bicarbonate (Cat een 330-08 3-35 Strontium bicarbonate Oss) iin oe 24-63 0-25 Ferrous bicarbonate 2-85 0-03 Calcium phosphate eee 2-59 0-03 Ferric oxide ; CxO ian Alumina (ALO) yee aa 1-70 0-02 Silica (SIOD ener ae 12-60 0-13 Manganous bicarbonate .. 0-08

9,842.34 100-00 SSUES ce TV EEE EN A RN DF Ek AURA SS AOU Re

Gurd's less saline water, resembles the Saline and Sulphur Caledonia waters, though it contains slightly less mineral matter in solution.

It may be considered as a sodic, muriated, alkaline-saline water. The principal constituents are sodium chloride (77-8 per cent), and sodium and the alkaline earth bicarbonates.

Analysis gave the following results:—

GURD'S LESS SALINE. Laboratory No. 34.

Sample collected October, 1915.

LOOP Small.

EVE OES rr Saline.

Specific gravity at 15°C 1-0039

PAO ACUMIT Ve 6 i os oo oe os Divehi 01 151) a nn 50 units Dissolved radium OS.

Emanation in gas evolved.

Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary Sanit yors sno ve 86-62 Secondary salinity Primary alkalinity 4-90 Secondary alkalinity 8-48 Analysis. eee ee Total 4 Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid (SODBE Las 58-7 1-09 0-70 Bicarbonic acid (HCO; P2ee 708 - 13-15 6-69 Carbonic acid CON Ses — Nitric acid (INOS) ieee 7-2 0-13 0-07 Nitrous acid (NOD etic: 0-05 Se — Phosphoric acid (BOO Rue trace —— a Metaboric acid (BOs)\eeteee — — Chlorine (CN ee eer ss 2,622. 48-70 42-50 Bromine (Breese 6-0 0-11 0-04 Iodine CRY ha 0-4 0-01 ao Oxygen to form AlO3 0-84 0-01 — Silica (SiO>) seca: 16-7 0-31 — Iron (Ke) otk wick 0-6 0-01 0-01 Aluminium CAG Aaa aes 0-95 0-01 —— Manganese (NIT) Sete: 0-10 ase Calcium (Ca) ise evaqisters 28-8 0-53 0-83 Strontium (Sr) eeereeertc 7-1 0-13 0-09 Magnesium (Mig). eieiotels s 70-0 1-30 3-31 Lithium (Tae teal: 1-5 0-03 0-12 Potassium (CER) Poteet ae: 78-9 1-47 1-16 Sodium (Na) Peres: 1,776-2 33-00 44.47 Ammonium (CNG) ees 0-6 0-01 0-01 AM OLAV ecto eet tee ieeie s 5, 384-64 100-00 100-00 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value. dried iat 1 LO%G eee ener 5,017 — 173-76 NE age Ro NL LSD DR cc c.c. per litre. Parts per million. Gases: Carbon Dioxide COQz 22-0 43-5

Hydrogen Sulphide H2S.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 34. 6Ga0e=6eannnwOoomovt#o?717108—wO98$M@mN0DSSsS=$mm9B9B9mSmmm Total Parts per inorganic Constituent :— million. matter in solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite aoe 0-07 — Sodium nitrate (NANO Deo ee ee 9-86 0-18 Ammonium chloride CNIET Clare oes) 1-79 0-03 Potassium iodide CIOS Sean dette pote 0-50 0-10 Potassium bromide CBE) aa nel ee 8-93 0-17 Lithium chloride (GT) Serotec tS: 9-10 0-17 Potassium chloride (NCIS Vater ett 144.90 2-69 Sodium chloride (Na GIGR yt. eos 4,192 -52 77-86 Magnesium chloride (MgCl) ee rres carn car, Calcium chloride (CONG ah vaieneey Sodium sulphate (Na:SOD Mee 86-70 1-61 Magnesium sulphate (MgSO eae ae Calcium sulphate (CaSO) earn. ee oe Sodium bicarbonate KNBHICOs) yen 354-70 6-59 Magnesium bicarbonate 421-20 7-82 Calcium bicarbonate 3) sae 116-65 pay) Strontium bicarbonate eee 16-93 0-31 Ferrous bicarbonate saosin 1-87 0-04 Calcium phosphate ene Ferric oxide sO geet on ateoe Alumina WAU ORR ico cin ore 1-79 0-03 Silica IOs) ie avs cere 16-70 0-31 Manganous bicarbonate 0-35 — 5,384.64 100-00

eg ee eR) py ADANAC SPRING, BOURGET, ONT. (30).

This is a fresh water spring owned by the Caledonia Springs Mineral Water Co. It was discovered during the construction of a cutting on the Canadian Pacific railroad, and was soon utilized. The spring is enclosed in a large white tiled well, and a substantial house encloses it, so that every precaution has been taken to avoid pollution.

Most of the high land in the neighbourhood is of a sandy nature, and probably the spring is a surface water, filtered through the sandy soil. The radioactivity is comparatively high, but there is only a trace of radium salts in solution. Similar statements can be made about many surface waters.

The following particulars were obtained upon examination :—

Adanac Spring.

Laboratory No. 30.

amie collected August, 1914, RARE ANUSI 5 bos 2 vs wale o's 11°C. (Sie° F.) Co a 10 gallons per minute.

ASLO SAN UE Uta a Cia atsch any Fresh.

RReacCeom ie. Nala ltl aoeros Alkaline.

Specific gravity at 15°C 1-0002

IRAMIOACTIVITY: 1 codstsphrin kt elstae FAM ALON SO Ns cia 202 units. Dissolved radium Osi.

Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity: 0... ¢. 31:6 Secondary salinity Primary alkalinity 5:8 Secondary alkalinity 62-6 Analysis. Dee eee ee eee Total K Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis.* matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid (SOD RII 5-68 4.5 2-7 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs)... SOUS Ty Carbonic acid 45 .48 36-0 34.2 Nitric acid (NOs) 19-7 15-6 6-8 Nitrous acid 3 Phosphoric acid (BOD Rae: Metaboric acid (BOs) Aen: x Chlorine (Chea: 10-0 8-0 6-3 Bromine CBr) ern: Iodine (Tae Silica (SiO2). Iron (CHE) ees Aluminium CAL) eo. Manganese (Mn)...?. Calcium (Cay eenett: 24-3 19-2 27-3 Strontium (Sey eee Magnesium GY Rea) he IN 2-24 1-7 4.0 Lithium CEA Potassium (CEO AEE Sodium Nap os 19-08 15-0 18-7 Ammonium (NHa) SS Wetec ISR R MU Mae ik RE A 126-48 100-0 100-00 Concentration value. Total solids in solution, residue driediat/110°Cun vue 4.44

c.c. per litre. Parts per million.

Gases: Carbon Dioxide COz...

Hydrogen Sulphide H:S os Say

By Prof. T. A. Starkey, McGill University, Montreal.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 30. Tata... Total ; Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. pe eid a ie ny ed PS SE OE Calcium carbonate (CAE Os) eae, ie 60.9 48 .2 — Magnesium carbonate MME COs) sO Min Gla 7-78 6-1 — Sodium carbonate (NS CO MDE Genial 5.9 4.7 — Sodium sulphate (NasSOD os eee 8-4 6-6 — Sodium nitrate eis cebwe 27-0 21-3 — Sodium chloride (NaCl) Acre aioe 16-5 13-1 — 126-48 100-0 —

The water isa very lightly mineralized, calcic, bicarbonated, alkaline water.

Western Quebec.

Guaranteed Pure Milk Co&#x27;S. Well, Montreal. (35)

This well was one of the deep wells included in the investigation of the radioactivity of waters in the neighbourhood of Montreal. The water flows naturally from a well which was drilled to a depth of 151 feet, though by pumping, 60 gallons per minute can be obtained.

Analysis shows this to be a calcic, sodic, sulphated, alkaline-saline water. Calcium bicarbonate forms 45 per cent of the total solid matter in solution, and calcium sulphate 27 per cent, while 11 per cent of sodium chloride is also present.

It belongs to a group of wells which are all high in calcium and situated in the same neighbourhood.

The following particulars were obtained upon analysis :—

GUARANTEED PURE MILK CO'S. WELL. Laboratory No. 35.

sample collected August, 1914.

Pemnomeertitede ts. k.. 10-5°C. (50-9° F.)

DS RN rr Fresh. Pree, Alkaline.

Specific gravity at 15°C 1-0006

Teearivetyon i...) . Himanatinwa Sscte'nuks ia: 176 units.

Emanation in gas evolved.

Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity: i505 0's. 21-34 Secondary salinity 35-90 Primary alkalinity Secondary alkalinity 42-76 Analysis. é eee ne Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis.* matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid (SO,) 114-5 65-9 26 -64 20-77 Bicarbonic acid (HCQs) 149.7 —- 34-83 21-38 Carbonic acid Os errnaiacte — 162-7 —- — Nitric acid Pseapaeac 0-08 — 0-02 0-01 Nitrous acid KIN 2) Sevetene ote rt —- aa — Phosphoric acid (PO,) — a — —- Metaboric acid (BOz) — —. — — Chlorine (Gl) a 32-0 37 -6 7-44 7-84 Bromine CBE) avers eckeyeie is — — —— — Iodine (Ds eoetesnere ce — — —— a ey Sec T eee 16-8 a 3-91 ron Fe) eee e waietes Aluminium Goose. oy a, 00 0-85 Manganese NEA ace are se —. —- —- — Calcium (Gaye restive res 82-8 89.2 19-26 36-00 Strontium (SE eee hc —. ——- — — Magnesium (Mic) areeineaets 4.16 11.6 0-97 2-98 Lithium GED ashen asd ciate 0-1 ——: 0-02 0-12 Potassium GG ae citer Shey Vad sa 0-40 0-37 Sodium CNB Ree acts 26 -86 56-0 6-25 10-18 Ammonium CNET eo pectiec 0-02 — — —. MU Otalae hier pracicc seers ole 429 -82 423-0 100-00 100-00 Concentration value. Total solids in solution, residue tied atil1OrC Maree retorts — — — 11-48 SEES Ait ace eee eee NS Le Ae ee ee c.c. per litre. Parts per million. Gases: Carbon Dioxide CO2 27-0 53.2

Hydrogen Sulphide H2S...

By J. T. Donald, Montreal, 1909.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 35. a a as aa eA rea ed as pr LA Total / Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million, matter in analysis. solution. Per cent.

Sodium nitrite CNGINO Lee eco e ces Sodium nitrate (NANOS) oR. cee. 0-08 0-02 Ammonium chloride CNET ACI ee ee secre 0-05 0-01 Potassium iodide (KI) Potassium bromide Lithium chloride 0-59 0-14 Potassium chloride 3-21 0-75 Sodium chloride 49.25 11-46 Magnesium chloride Calcium chloride Sodium sulphate 23-09 5-37 Magnesium sulphate CMIGS Oa) iticas seer 20-59 4.79 Calcium sulphate (@aSOR es nce resen 116-90 27-20 Sodium bicarbonate CNaHiGOs) eid seein: Magnesium bicarbonate Calcium bicarbonate KGa sn ais dan siele 195-70 45.52 Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate senna: 3-56 0-83 Calcium phosphate (Ca; (BODD IS. woes Ferric oxide Hess) at nae acme Alumina UNG A es Reece Silica (GIOAE Se siomeiean aa 16-80 3-91

Laurentian Spring Water, Montreal. (36)

This water is consumed very considerably in Montreal and vicinity. The well, owned by Messrs. Robert White and Company, 208 Craig Street, Montreal, is 457 feet deep. Water was struck at 250 feet, and again at 450 feet, and the combined capacity is 4,500 gallons per hour, when pumped by an air lift pump with air at a pressure of 100 pounds per square inch. The water probably rises from the Trenton limestone, though a well near by on the same property seems to obtain its water from a shale bed which occurs interstratified with the Trenton limestone. The radioactivity is low, some emanation being lost on account of the method of pumping. The air blows the gas out of the water.

Analysis shows the water to be a sodic, muriated, sulphated, carbondioxated water of the alkaline-saline type. The hypothetical combinations indicate that the chief salts composing the inorganic matter in solution are, sodium sulphate 32 per cent, sodium chloride 17 per cent, and sodium bicarbonate 20 per cent.

LAURENTIAN SPRING WATER. Laboratory No. 36.

Samplesicollected 000 we August, 1914, and October, 1915. Temperature, i.e ake 12°C) (54°F)

HIOWS MON es Rte Oe 70 gallons per minute.

PASTE Oa Se LAU SRN Fresh

REACTION Sc a's eu Litintstonie een Alkaline.

Specific pravity at TS wus we 1-001

RMACHOACHVILY oe Ea ee eens PAN ATHON e oidia ee anes 5-6 units

Dissolved radium Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent.

Poiinary salinity... 50-6 Secondary salinity Primary alkalinity 25-8

Secondary alkalinity 23°6

Analysis. SS Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. STURNSRIGEMSSES Ch co a HAAR NSN AAS TREAT Sulphuric acid (SQ.) 240-0 22-3 15.4 icarbonic acid (HCOs) 233 -6 21-7 11-8 Carbonic acid (EOS Ea ee 5 125.5 11-6 12.9 Nitric acid CNO eer oor. Nitrous acid (NOR eis Phosphoric acid (PO,) Metaboric acid (BO.) Chlorine {GI AE ae 114.4 10-6 9.9 Bromine (ETD Rat ae aan Iodine KDE eee Oxygen for FesO3 & Al,O3 0-7 —— pile eo aR ne) 11-1 1-0 ron BIO) Seles yes be Aluminium EO ae 1-6 O4 Manganese (Vin) area Calcium (Ca) eee 2 51-4 4.8 7-9 Strontium eee ck Oa aa Magnesium COVES) ee ae 15-3 1-4 3-9 Lithium CL) as Potassium aa TRS Sodium (Na) seen a 285-1 26-4 38-2 Ammonium CNH a) anna) a BOtal meet pense ieee 1,078-7 100-0 100-0 Concentration value. Total solids in solution, residue driedabid OCR were em, 912. 32-47 a ie RN Wg Gl c.c. per litre. Parts per million. Gases: Carbon Dioxide CQ, 76-6

Hydrogen Sulphide H,S, ..

By J. T. Donald, Montreal, 1915,

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 36. Da ee Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis.

solution. Per cent.

Rerremet emer artis Wash CG ore ee ee

Sodium sulphate haere 354-6 32-9

Magnesium sulphate ne eeree

Magnesium bicarbonate 92-3 8-5

Calcium bicarbonate Wanner 208 - 19-3

Strontium bicarbonate

Ferrous bicarbonate ++-

Calcium phosphate scene

Silica (SiO) ee tvearanerelalereust ; 11-1 1-0

Saline Well, 112 Beaudry Street, Montreal. (37)

This well is the property of Messrs. Charles Gurd and Co. Water was struck at a depth of 318 feet, and rose to within 50 feet of the surface, and when pumped flows at a rate of 8 gallons per minute.

Analysis shows the water to be a sodic, calcic, sulphated, bicarbonated, alkaline-saline water.

Sodium sulphate forms 28 per cent of the total solids present, the other chief constituents are calcium and magnesium bicarbonates, and sodium chloride. It bears a resemblance to the Laurentian Spring Water (No. 36).

Saline Well.

Laboratory No. 37.

Sample collected +-: August, 1914. Temperatures: ..6\.. oem nies 10-5°C. (50-9°F.) 10) Frat OUT aL ets me REET U8 Pumped.

LASERS LEC Mae oe a's etre S Fresh

RRCACHGOIN Gee dole ie ones wee Alkaline.

Specific gravity at 15°C 1-0015.

Radioactiwityva je 8h02. 20. Minatlatons joo) ko, 62 units

Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity 47-78 Secondary salinity Primary alkalinity 9-18 Secondary alkalinity 43-04 Analysis. a re Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituent :-— analysis. matter in value. solution. ee ee a ee Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. a Sulphuric acid (SO.) 228 -9 19-00 14.84 Bicarbonic acid (HCO) IR... .: 511-2 42-50 26-11 Carbonic acid (CO) SE. — — — Nitric acid (NOs) eae. 5... 0-24 0-02 0-01 Nitrous acid NO) 2s. : trace — —— Phosphoric acid (PO,) aes Metaboric acid (BO,.) —— — — Chlorine (CD 103. 8-58 9.04 Bromine GBir),; cece ree -— — —. Iodine (2. s aa —— — — one ooh SeRe ic 25-0 2-08 — ron Be) sheen. Alaminium (Al) cane 17 O46 Ost? Manganese (Mn) risa ae: — ae —— Icium (Ca) Pee 85-5 7-11 13-30 Strontium. (Sree... —. Se SS Magnesium (Mg) FP is: 31-3 2-60 8-30 Lithium RED i eae & 0-7 0-06 0-31 Potassium (Eee, 16.9 1-42 1-35 Sodium Wales. ©. 198 .2 16-49 26-82 Ammonium CNET) oy 0-03 — Total gee eee Shy. 3. b. 1,202.67 100-00 100-00 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value.

c.c. per litre. Parts per million. Gases: Carbon Dioxide CQy 6-3 12.4 Hydrogen Sulphide H,S. .. — —

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 37. Lee ee ee eee ee Total Parts per inorganic Previous. Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. DS PONDS CIAO CL ee EELS Se a STE PILAMM Ne! es tee Nt bt Sodium nitrite (NaNQ2) on ceneaterel iis trace — Sodium nitrate (NANOS) Peis deere 0-1 0-01 Ammonium chloride (NBG ea i etree ei 0-1 a Potassium iodide CUS DS ye Rraeai gh aici Potassium bromide (KBr) ieeuiccins a vneagen Lithium chloride CUB CO) DADE Ess Gia dau 4.3 0-36 Potassium chloride G5€ ©) DRM UMA 32-2 2-68 Sodium chloride (Na GD ee aaiaeuntae 138 -6 11-53 Magnesium chloride (MEG aoe senate Calcium chloride (COEK OM) Bessianss Biel yin Sodium sulphate (NacSOw) 2) joe ee tieele 338-7 28-17 Magnesium sulphate (MgSO) etl avin-y vers Calcium sulphate (CaSOO Maen Sodium bicarbonate nee 123.8 10-30 Magnesium bicarbonate 188 -3 15-64 Calcium bicarbonate 30). i 346-0 28 -79 Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate esas 5.3 0.44 Calcium phosphate (Cag( POs) seirachnoeiegs Ferric oxide (Bies@a) sitet arate y Alumina CATSO Re are ava tet Silica (SiO 2) Ie OS aa 25-0 2-08 1,202 -4 100-00

Watson Foster Co&#x27;S. Well, Maisonneuve, Montreal. (43)

This is another of the deep wells of Montreal, examined especially for its radioactivity. It is drilled to a depth of 750 feet, and is pumped into a large storage tank. No estimate of the flow was obtainable.

The water is moderately mineralized, and can be classified as a sodic, bicarbonated, alkaline water. Sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate form 64 per cent of the total solids, while sodium sulphate and sodium chloride constitute the major portion of the remaining constituents.

Watson Foster Co&#x27;S. Well.

Laboratory No. 43.

Sample collected : August, 1914. Memperature yi. cose Yl dekaes 13-0°C. (56°F.) ROT SVMS NEMA i. Bieta ata ata —

1 RAYS Tea) Une VER RAL pany USHA SG Fresh Reacttonr. 02). Nake aah ASE .

Specific gravity at 15°C 1-0009.

Primary salinity 39-34 Secondary salinity

; Primary alkalinity 57-70 Secondary alkalinity... ... 2-96

Analysis.

a RTmmmemmmmmmmmmmmmmessemeeseeee see Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution.

Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. eee ee ee vs PES Bee SE ul (ge ees RP Sulphuric acid' (SO,) 194.5 12-76 9.86 Bicarbonic acid (HCO,) 655-1 42.96 26-12 Carbonic acid (COPA Ase 52-0 3-41 4.21 Nitric acid NOD) ts co eee 0-08 — a Nitrous acid (NOs) Gee ek. —— ee as Phosphoric acid (PO,) a — Saas Metaboric acid (BO.) ——. — -S Chlorine (Clee. 143-0 9 .38 9.81 Bromine (Breas) oo, — ——— ere Todine (Ti) ee me a Ss —— Silica es" Coe eee 10-5 0.69 — Iron 1) be + Coe Aluainium (Aime 2:3 ee ey Manganese (Man )iaeecn — — Calcium (Cayieaa ss & 3-74 0-24 0-45 Strontium (Sree a. — ss Magnesium (Mig) eee 4.17 0-27 0-83 Lithium (Lies trace — SS Potassium (Keres... 4.38 *0.29 0.27 Sodium (ONE): Ss an 455 -2 29-85 48 -25 Ammonium CNET 0-02 — eS

USENET ae hia. oe Ohh on 1,524.99 100-00 100-00 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value. driediaretd 0s Camm ees 1,204. 41.12 c.c. per litre. Parts per million. Gases: Carbon Dioxide CQ, 9.1 18-0

Radidactivity ) i, coos s'. ae Emanation: 64200...<.<. 42 units Dissolved radium — Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent.

Hydrogen Sulphide H.S. . . ee ae

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 43. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :-— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent.

Sedium nitrite (Na NOs) cee ats Sodium nitrate ANOS') aie ae 0-10 0-01 Ammonium chloride CN CD) a eee ee 0-07 — Potassium iodide (ESD) Aaa ee Potassium bromide CREBR AOE Ne ate Lithium chloride ACL SE ie ieee aa trace Potassium chloride G5< GI ns aS Wea 8-48 0-55 Sodium chloride CNA C1) eo na NA Bande 229 -10 15-02 Magnesium chloride (Mg) icy e eins Calcium chloride CaCl). Sodium sulphate (NaSODRSahrenaier 287-0 18-82 Magnesium sulphate niente Calcium sulphate BOO Uncrate Sodium carbonate (NasGOs) see soe 91-88 6:03 Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) nina 850-60 57-76 Magnesium bicarbonate 25 -06 1.64 Calcium bicarbonate (Ca COs) see eer eeaeee 15-10 0.99 Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate 7-40 0.49 Calcium phosphate Seon eee Ferric oxide TOFD AON RIE ts 208 Alumina AL Os) ee tui ieieaeunne Silica SOS) Ae Seana 10-5 0-69

Mount Bruno Floral Company&#x27;S Well, St. Bruno, Que. (46)

This well is situated at St. Bruno, Chambly county, Que., and is the property of the Mount Bruno Floral Company. It was drilled by Wallace Bell of Montreal, who gives the log of the well as follows: 28 feet to bed rock, then 384 feet in hard rock probably Hudson River or Utica Shale. The water was found to be unsuitable for watering purposes on account of its strong alkalinity.

It is moderately mineralized, sodic, muriated, water of the alkalinesaline type, and possesses a primary alkalinity of approximately 25 per cent. Sodium chloride constitutes almost 59 per cent of the total inorganic matter in solution. Bicarbonates of sodium, calcium, and magnesium are also present.

The following data were obtained upon analysis :-—

MOUNT BRUNO FLORAL COMPANY'S WELL. Laboratory No. 46.

sample collected 0... August, 1914. Temperatures) co) hie he Moe 10-0°C. (50° F.)

PlGwp sy toi kaw inlet omer 7 gallons per hour.

Be AN ee he ee AN Slightly flat.

Resection: eens. ric al, Alkaline.

Specific gravity at 15°C 1-002.

Ramoachyity.c. 5. be es Emanation asses nw. 100 units Dissolved radium

Emanation in gas evolved. — Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity

Secondary

Primary alkalinity Secondary alkalinity

Pee i tact

ee TTS" jae

Constituents :-—

Sulphuric acid Bicarbonic acid Carbonic acid Nitric acid Nitrous acid Phosphoric acid Metaboric acid Chlorine Bromine

Iodine

Silica

Iron Aluminium Manganese Calcium Strontium Magnesium Lithium Potassium Sodium Ammonium

Total solids in dried at 110°

Gases:

solution, residue S

Carbon Dioxide CO, Hydrogen Sulphide H2S. .

sewer eee

cece reece ee

Ce eeerecece

Analysis. Total

Previous inorganic

analysis. matter in

solution.

Parts per million. Per cent. 2-0 8-79 0-10 486 - —— 24-60 71-9 314-93 3-64 718- 9.45 36-33 0.6 32-42 0.03 27-0 20-05 1-37 ties 14.30 Q-89 0-1 EN DeS UN: 10-6 — 0-53 633 -0 201 -54 32-00 1-03 —— 0-05 1,976-79 601 -48 100-00 1,855. — —

Reacting value.

Per cent.

WN wW So

aN POOht

Concentration value.

By J. T. Donald, Montreal, 1911.

c.c. per litre. 7:6

Parts per million.

74

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 46. Total : Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent.

Sodium nitrite (NaNO3) axe. Setter Sodium nitrate INaNOS) sieescice aeetetets Ammonium chloride (NEC): Seen 3-06 0-15 Potassium iodide. I) Potassium bromide Lithium chloride 0-59 0-03 Potassium chloride 20-22 1.02 Sodium chloride 1,164.0 58 -90 Magnesium chloride Calcium chloride Sodium sulphate 3-06 0-15 Magnesium sulphate (MESO aio. holes orev Calcium sulphate (CaSOa nike ieee Sodium carbonate (CNasCOs) 72) eee aie 127-0 6-42 Sodium bicarbonate (NaHiCO3)) eect oe 432-8 21-90 Magnesium bicarbonate 105-2 § -33 Calcium bicarbonate ii errante 109-8 §-55 Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate 2-06 0-10 Calcium phosphate fo. ear Ferric oxide COs) Hon, alee anenens Alumina CAV OS Wiig anise mere Silica (SiO2) Wie fase eee 9-00 0-45

Montreal Jockey Club Well, Bluebonnets. (50)

This water was investigated in connexion with the radioactivity examination. The well is 203 feet deep, and yields water at the rate of 132,000 gallons a day. 'The drilling penetrates the rock for a few feet.

Analysis shows the water to bea lightly mineralized sodic bicarbonated alkaline water. Bicarbonates and carbonates of the alkalies and alkaline earths form over 70 per cent of the total solids.

The following particulars were obtained :—

MONTREAL JOCKEY CLUB WELL. Laboratory No. 50.

Sample collected August, 1914. Memperatures, sce Sues e 8-3°C. (47° F.) PONS Gr mee oss te, cee Ahiode vue ane ee —

MRASTC SRM aL Ta Menem seat ichirasece: laneeons Fresh

Reaction 2s. ey oat. a Alkaline:

Specific gravity at 15°C ..1-0005. Radioactivity inet Emanation) 206026502 9.) 25 units Dissolved radium —

Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity 24-96 Secondary salinity Primary alkalinity 53-28 Secondary alkalinity... ... 21-76 Analysis. a Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. ee Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. a Se Pa Beak as Sulphuric acid (SO,) 47 .37 10-95 8-24 Bicarbonic acid (HCO,) 183-0 42 33 25 -08 Carbonic acid (CO) See 45.0 10-41 12.54 Nitric acid (NO) Re 0-16 0-04 0-01 Nitrous acid CNODE Aus 0-05 0-01 — Phosphoric acid (PO,) —— — Metaboric acid (BO.) a — Chlorine (Clee. i 17-5 4-05 4-13 Bromine (Be) Ware Saat — — — Todine (Lee ea —— —. ——- Silica ee SS ip Ale 9-6 2-22 — Iron 13 1 cca Aluminium Ale Oe ot 2:26 Manganese CVn ame ce: SS —. — Icium (Cait em 4.5 1-05 1-88 Strontium (Sree. — — SEP Magnesium (Maes. ia 12.7 2-9 8-72 Lithium UL eee ae a trace — SS Potassium CRO). stare! 9.4 2-17 2-00 Sodium US Eo ae 102-2 23 -62 37-12 Ammonium CONGT A) te: 0-02 —. —. A Woes oe eee ee 432-42 100-00 100-00 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value.

dried at 110° 11.97

Gases: Carbon Dioxide CO, Hydrogen Sulphide H.S. ..

HYPOTHETICAL COMBINATIONS. " No.50. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. US TETAS OSL SUA HA UL SMR ae Lee ADIEU SRA UA Ra SA 8s Sodium nitrite (Na NOs) Sinn eee 0-07 0-02 Sodium nitrate CNANQs) Ue ati eens 0-21 0-05 Ammonium chloride (NED CLLR 0-06 0-01 Potassium iodide (CERT) Oe AN Potassium bromide CRBS newer e Na Lithium chloride LSE) ACR a ea trace —— Potassium chloride CECE aI Een 17.93 4.15 Sodium chloride CNA ED A ee ene 14.74 3-41 Magnesium chloride NTS Cl) eu i eres Calcium chloride (CAC) MAE aa eee cee Sodium sulphate CINE SION REIS ne boda 70-00 16-19 Magnesium sulphate (MISO) a ertaeio Calcium sulphate (KCaSOU Ve eae cee Sodium carbonate Nas COs) io. taser 79-50 18 -38 Sodium bicarbonate Na TICOs) see isis 142-70 33 -00 Magnesium bicarbonate 76-50 17-68 Calcium bicarbonate sac r eres 18-19 4.21 Strontium bicarbonate :.. Ferrous bicarbonate tu genie 2-92 0-68 Calcium phosphate (Gag ase ele: Ferric oxide CeO g ine eons me ny Alumina (Al,Os) Slsheyvelielpe\ (tsetse alta Silica (SiO a RASS Ate 9-6 2-22

Viauville Mineral Water, Maisonneuve, Montreal. (42)

The Viauville mineral water is obtained from a deep boring, drilled in the hope of striking natural gas. Good water was met with at 450 feet, which rose to within 10 feet of the surface. At 1190 feet, a strong flow of saline water containing much hydrogen sulphide was encountered. Drilling was continued however to 1370 feet. Trenton limestone was the only formation traversed.

The water has a strong saline taste, together with the disagreeable odour and flavour of hydrogen sulphide gas, which it contains in considerable quantity. The well is owned by Mr. Daniel Bergevin, and the water is bottled under the name of '"Radium" water. The radioactivity is low and no radium salts in solution could be detected, therefore, the bottled water after a few days will possess no radioactivity whatever. These results confirm those of Dr. McIntosh of McGill University, who found about as much radium emanation present as is found in St. Lawrence River water.

The following results were obtained upon analysis :—

Al

Viauville Mineral Water

Laboratory No. 42.

Sample collected October, 1914.

EO weeps ey les ANE

SP ASECr Me tele 8 oie! ora. hs Strong sulphur.

IREACECOI ey eo Alkaline.

Specific gravity at 15°C. 1-0063.

RadimactemiiyNs hes 64k Bmanationg ee cs urn Dissolved radium

Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary, salinity os 2. ie 93-34 Secondary salinity Primary alkalinity 1-10 Secondary alkalinity... .. Ss 56 Analysis. Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid 2,347 -0 2391 15-40 Bicarbonic acid (HCO3) 641-0 6 -34 3-30 Carbonic acid (CORA ee — —. — Nitric acid (NO SEs es. — — —. Nitrous acid CNO seer. to) — — —. Phosphoric acid (PO,4) —. —. —— Metaboric acid (BOn) — —.- Chlorine (CID) 6 se eae 3,509 34-70 31-20 Bromine (Breen. 19-0 0-19 0-07 Iodine CD ets}. 0-25 — —— Silica eo Ae nea 10.4 0-10 Iron Heyer. ders tie Aluminium te a 4-68 0-05 0-05 Manganese CVE 0-01 — ee Calcium (CAI Urea 64-3 0-63 1-01 Strontium (Soyer eer. . 2-15 0-02 — Magnesium GM gn) Carreras. 65 -6 0-65 1-72 Lithium GSD dees megan 4-0 0-04 0-18 Potassium (USO) Sai i re 34-1 0.34 0-28 Sodium Nay a 3,408 - 33-72 46-74 Ammonium 2. 1-52 0-01 0-02 ANGE Wad hae ee Oe a 10,111-01 100-00 100-00 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value. dried atl tOCC 85 a 9,890. —- 317-06 c.c. per litre. Parts per million. Gases: Carbon Dioxide CO: 18-5 36-4 Hydrogen Sulphide H.S... 30-5 460-

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 42. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. ; solution. Per cent.

Sodium nitrite (NaNO) e. eheaeeee Sodium nitrate (NaNOQOs) ou aoe ae Ammonium chloride (NFYUCI ES nee 4.51 0-05 Potassium iodide CRD) WSs Seperate 0-32 —— Potassium bromide (KBr) cota 28-3 0-28 Lithium chloride (LIC Ee eee ae 24.3 0-24 Potassium chloride (ICCD a ee wae: 47.6 0-47 Sodium chloride (NaCl et soe ae 5,710-0 56-47 Magnesium chloride (MoGl ten eee Calcium chloride (CACHE )iGs. Sas ohe ae nie Sodium sulphate (NasSO,)'s ant oe ele 3,470-0 34-32 Magnesium sulphate (NIgSO Ee caer rece Calcium sulphate (CaSO OP, Coenen Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOs)))itieneeaee 138-0 1-36 Magnesium bicarbonate 397-0 3-93 Calcium bicarbonate stants 260-5 2-58 Strontium bicarbonate 5-2 0-05 Ferrous bicarbonate 14.9 0-15 Calcium phosphate yee ae Ferric oxide eas) cake ae ec eee Alumina CAGOS) See arte ioe Silica (SiOs).. 008 © UG vane ecm 10.4 0-10

The analysis shows that the water is a sodic, muriated, sulphated (bromic, sulphuretted) water of the saline type.

The chief constituents may be considered to be sodium chloride (56 per cent of total solids), and sodium sulphate (34 per cent). Hydrogen sulphide occurs in notable amount, and it is probable that traces of alkali sulphides are present. Dr. G. H. Baril! of Laval University, Montreal, has pointed out the resemblance between the Viauville water and the Uriage water, a celebrated French medicinal spring. The following table enables comparison of the chief constituents of the two springs to be made:—

Uriage. Viauville.

Parts per million.

Hydropenisulphide. Gute. mai). ois a) 2 eileen tye 110-8 460.

Sodium chlorides. i: sho. sl atniorahereel telere rans 6,056-7 5,710-0 Potassium Chloride si sale etic avis isc bois ety seeker ee 408 -8 47-6 Pithiumschloride: ce A.-cieto cite tes ar cereemete ei 7-5 24-3 Cate sulphate 22 cele ity cir o sieteroleyer anne tet ables 1,520-5 —— Sodiumisul phate ieienatne stsrustes) 1 ott cree aevete onan 1,187-5 3,470-0 Sodium bicarbonate my ien cuts sly detemiehere mia isioie eter 555-5 138-0 Total mineral matter in solution. 10,539 .2 10, 111-03

1 Baril, G. H., L'Eau Minérale de Viauville, L'Union Médicale du Canada, Vol. 45, No. 7, p. 367, 1916.

The Uriage waters are chiefly used in the treatment of scrofula, chronic skin diseases, and for syphilis, especially in association with mercurial treatment. Dr. Baril states that Viauville watér has been used in similar cases with success.

The Abenakis Springs are situated near St. Francois du Lac, Yamaska county, Que., in the valley of the St. F francois river, sixty-eight miles from Montreal.

A modern and well equipped hotel has been established under the management of Mr. W. E.Watt, and special attention has been paid to the development of the waters. The water rises from three borings in a flat, marshy plain a little distance from the steeply-sloping side of the higher ground running parallel to the St. Francois river. Two summer houses, 100 yards apart, enclose the wells.

In the west house the well is 12 feet deep, and three feet away is another boring 60 feet deep, from which water flows naturally at a rate of 60 gallons an hour. In the east house "is another flowing well, 12 feet deep. The waters probably rise from the Hudson River formation, and obtain their saline constituents from beds of alkaline and alkaline-earth chlorides in the limestone. The following results were obtained :—

SPRING IN WEST HOUSE. Laboratory No. 44.

Sample collected .August, 1914.

I hot ne 4

LE ae Strongly saline.

Specific gravity at 15°C 1-0106

Peaesernivity. 6G... se... Emanation pay.) cc em 62 units. Dissolved radium G52

Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity 79-74

Secondary salinity 16-20

Primary alkalinity

Secondary alkalinity... ... 4-06

/

Seen nl

Analysis. Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. : solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. VES UONIS oA SSNS cL SM RA, Sulphuric acid (SOu) 734.1 5.34 3-32 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) 588 - 4-16 2-03 Carbonic acid (COR ee — — — Nitric acid CNOs) Seer 2-5 0-02 —— Nitrous acid CNOA Ppa ieter 0-01 — a Phosphoric acid (PO.) 0-17 — — Metaboric (BO eee ais il trace aa — Chlorine (CSE RRA ALA 7,522. 53-30 44.62 Bromine CBr yee an 15-0 0-11 0.04 Iodine CE) PaO al 0-5 — — Oxygen for FeO; & Al,Os 21-62 0-15 Sa Silica (GOW RRS ree 19-22 0-14 — Iron (He) Meas sisters 5-0 0-03 —— Aluminium CALRUR ives 21-8 0-15 — Manganese (OMI) ee aah 0-5 — — Calcium (Cay. 479. 3-40 5-04 Strontium (SOM: 5-8 0-04 0-03 Magnesium Cig) as AMAR 292-7 2-07 5-06 Lithium Ca) veers ks 1-0 0-01 0-03 Potassium CK eR 95-1 0-67 0-51 Sodium CIN Ga) eu ie 4,285. 30-36 39 -23 Ammonium NH) ey ote 7-65 0-05 0-09 PS DORIAN, TORO MTEN ESOS ARR 14, 116-57 100.00 100-00: Total solids in solution, residue Concentrariedeaty dA 02 @) ainei int rile. 14,298 - tion value. c.c. per litre. Parts per million. Gases: Carbon Dioxide COo 1-7 3-3

Hydrogen Sulphide H2S... ——— area

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 44. sss Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. pa et) Ar ld Li ia CAO Sodium nitrite (NANOS) Ree ese) oe trace Sodium nitrate (N@INO3) sede se 3-40 0.02 Ammonium chloride CNET) oe ee a 22-74 0-16 Potassium iodide ESD) RE es PU ANUS eh oy ae - 0:66 — Potassium bromide (EQBE) ere Aes 22-37 0-16 Lithium chloride (UIC) Dyer Dahir ee A aia 6-12 0-04 Potassium chloride CRG ee et iet tee 167 -32 1.19 Sodium chloride CNAGD) cre rea sy yoru 10, 896-33 77-19 Magnesium chloride CNS CIS geass Wee 1,087 -12 7-70 Calcium chloride (CAC are es, aed Sodium sulphate (NasSOA) et ek eee Magnesium sulphate CMESOD Mea) Miya 75-76 0-54 Calcium sulphate (CaSOD Se ct Nun 983 -40 6-97 Sodium bicarbonate (NGI COR von) Magnesium bicarbonate wakes Calcium bicarbonate (CBHI i aganas 769 .34 5-45 Strontium bicarbonate es nae 14.04 0-10 Ferrous bicarbonate sc oton Calcium phosphate hassee eee 0-26 —. Ferric oxide (HESOs) geme uine ae 7-16 0-05 Alumina CAVOs ieee akc 41-11 6.29 Silica SIO, Ten nes, 19.22 0-14 Manganese oxide CMDs aso. cee 0.21 —— 14,116.56 100-00 SPRING IN EAST HOUSE, Laboratory No. 45. Saole collected. ...: August, 1914, PeinerAtiing Wu. ),. 11 -5°C, (48°F) Le es el ei ee TS ne TE Saline. ol be.) oe a Specific gravity at 15°C 1-0108 Rattngetivity. 0.26.0. 65 Man atom wats. 6) ies as Oorunite. Dissolved radium 0:5 43 Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent. Primary salinity... 2.: 79-08 Secondary salinity 16-98

Primary alkalinity Secondary alkalinity 3-94

Analysis. NE eee nnn Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent Sulphuric acid (SOR aes 722-13 772-1 §-25 3-24 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) .. 558-8 478-0 4-06 1-97 Carbonic acid —— —— — — Nitric acid (NOs) 1-4 a 0-01 — Nitrous acid (NO,) 0-48 — — — Phosphoric acid (PO Deans 0-17 h 0-6 oe — Metaboric acid (BO): trace — — — Chlorine (Clee 7,360 8,106 53-53 44.71 Bromine (Br) eraser 30-0 trace 0-22 0-08 Iodine (i) acne. 0-8 trace 0-01 Oxygen for Fe.0; & AlOs 16-08 0-12 — Silica (SiOz)... . 11-35 13-9 0-08 a Iron (Hele... 3-75 trace 0-03 — Aluminium (Al) eae 16-20 0-12 ne Manganese : 0.40 —— — — Calcium (Gaya ene 485 -3 499. 3-53 5-21 Strontium (Spin acs (hot? —- 0-05 0-04 Magnesium (Mig) iene 293-7 328-5 2-14 5-21 Lithium (ST) See et. 1-3 — 0-01 0-04 Potassium (Koirsee oes 68 -92 40-0 0-50 0-38 Sodium COED BMT Ae 4,169 -3 4,578.3 30-22 39 09 Ammonium (NE ioe 2-55 —— 0-02 0-03 Motal Vasant aise bieaanas 13,749 -75 14,818-0 100-00 100-00 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value. riedvathls OLGienpee ten. ss 14,195. 463 -90 (OM eevee ste a eRe ie Ce ee r c.c. per litre. Parts per million. Gases : Carbon Dioxide CO: 10-2 20-1

Hydrogen Sulphide HS. ee

By Milton Hersey, Montreal, 1904.

HYPOTHETICAL COMBINATIONS. No. 45.

Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million, matter in analysis.

solution.

Per cent. Sodium nitrite 0-69 a Sodium nitrate 1-96 0-02 Ammonium chloride 7-60 0-06 Potassium iodide 1-00 0-01 Potassium bromide 44 .63 0-32 Lithium chloride 7-90 0-06 Potassium chloride 103-25 0.75 Sodium chloride 10,602.48 77-12 Magnesium chloride 1,151-13 8-37 Calcium chloride 12-10 0-09 Sodium sulphate Magnesium sulphate Calcium sulphate 1,023 -00 7-44 Sodium bicarbonate Magnesium bicarbonate Calcium bicarbonate 728 -84 5-29 Strontium bicarbonate 17-06 0-12 Ferrous bicarbonate Calcium phosphate 0.26 —. Ferric oxide 5-37 0-04 Alumina 30-55 0-22 Silica 11-35 0-08 Manganese oxide 0-51

Both waters are strongly mineralized, sodic, muriated, saline (bromic and iodic) waters. Sodium chloride is the predominating constituent, being present to the extent of 77 per cent. Calcium sulphate, magnesium chloride, and calcium bicarbonate, are other salts in notable amount. Iodides and bromides are also present.

The analyses show good agreement with that carried out by Milton Hersey in 1904, and prove that little change in concentration has taken place in the last few years.

Waters of this character are efficacious in the treatment of gout and rheumatism, and in promoting the action of the intestines.

The Abenakis waters very closely resemble the celebrated Homburg and Kissingen waters in Germany, the predominating constituents of which are sodium chloride and smaller amounts of calcium and magnesium salts. The following analysis of the Elizabeth spring at Homburg, carried out by Liebig, enables comparison to be made:—

ee ee

ee e——ooeoeweqnwqon<_:=SaO0R0g020_0—0—0—0$9$$—(0—N0\—<

Elizabeth Abenakis Spring. West House. Parts per million.

Magnesium chloride (Mg Gl) nce sisi: 113 0 1,087 -12 Ferrous carbonate (FeCQs) 65-1

Calcium carbonate i 1S 70'S 769 -34

Sodium sulphate (NasSO\) soe en: 52-7 — Magnesium carbonate (MgCOs) 286 -8

Obhericalts oe ae eles cme eae etek tau Uatietadeti 361-15

'hotalvmineral mattered cy letters oleledereieee een 14,441-3 14,116 -56

Pc Ca!

Varennes Spring, Varennes, Que. (48)

Two springs occur about one mile north of the village of Varennes, Varennes township, Verchéres county, Que. They are at the foot of a slight slope about 500 yards from the right bank of the St. Lawrence, into which the overflow runs. They were examined in 1863 by Sterry Hunt, who considered that the water rose from the Utica or Hudson River formation, a supposition the recent analysis confirms.

They are the property of Messrs. Charles Gurd and Co. of Montreal;

but water is seldom bottled, and the springs have fallen into disuse. The spring investigated rises in a well made by an earthenware pipe, 30 inches diameter, and 10 or 12 feet deep. A considerable evolution of gas, chiefly methane, occurs. The radioactivity of a sample of the gas was found to be 810 units per litre. The radioactivity of the water is high, compared with most of the results obtained, but the dissolved radium content is low, and the water would soon lose its radioactivity when bottled. AB The water may be classified as a strongly mineralized, sodic, magnesic, muriated alkaline-saline water. Sodium chloride constitutes 84 per cent of the mineral matter in solution, and magnesium bicarbonate 10 per cent. The water should be valuable from a therapeutic standpoint. It bears some resemblance to the springs at Kissingen in Bavaria.

The results of the analysis are as follows:—

Varennes Spring.

Laboratory No. 48.

Sample collected October, 1915. iPemperaturerens cAucaces S69 (472 5°F.) ELA Rees Gr Ne, eis ioe ae Considerable. RSS emt AWN RISO SIGMA PARES LN Saline

REACH OUD Hee he Me teelebeee cleus Alkaline.

Specific gravity at 15°C 1-009

Radioactivity Ailes). 0ee PAMANAUON A. cher ce 224 units. Dissolved radium Ue Emanation in gas evolved .810 e Properties of reaction in per cent. Primary salinity lee OOnoe Secondary salinity 0:22 Primary alkalinity Secondary alkalinity... ... 10-96 Analysis. Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. eh Se eA LEN RY Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Spee Pees i NC Sulphuric acid (SQ). 1-5 0-01 0-01 Bicarbonic acid CIECOP Ry 1) 285 11-05 5-48 Carbonic acid CO )r — — — Nitric acid (NOs)... —. —. — Nitrous acid (NO)... 0-05 —. — Phosphoric acid (PODL — — — Metaboric acid (BO,)... a SS Sa Chlorine (Chin ae, 6,060.5 52-08 44.45 Bromine (BES. 18-0 0-15 0-06 Iodine (Dc e 22: 0.7 —. — Oxygen. tor Al;O;).,4.5ei eee 3-28 0-03 —. Silica (SiO,)... 15-8 0.14 —— Tron (He)... 0..7 —. 0:01 Aluminium (CAD ae 3-7 0-03 —. Manganese (Mn)... 0-06 Saas Saaaiae Calcium (Caen. 99.5 0-86 1-30 Strontium KSrye eS. 1-2 0-01 —— Magnesium (Mg)... 200- 1-72 4.28 Lithium CED 4.6 0-04 0-17 Potassium GEG) eee 84-5 0-73 0-56 Sodium Naya 3,858 -2 33-15 43 -68 Ammonium (NH,). . — Ss sae lotsa erat a aes eek go. 11,634-01 100-00 100-00 Concentration value. Total solids in solution, residue diediat TlOsGiee tie iey 11,220 384 -09 c.c. per litre. Parts per million.

Gases: Carbon Dioxide Oye. Hydrogen Sulphide H,S.

HYPOTHETICAL COMBINATIONS. No. 48

sss SEE Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite (NaNOs)\ i. sien eee 0-07 —— Sodium nitrate (NaNO3)) Socceoeere Ammonium chloride (NEVE) ne ee eee Potassium iodide (KD a ee eee 1-00 0-01 Potassium bromide (KR eer 26-77 0-23 Lithium chloride (LiGlee Goce ene 1 ey 0.24 Potassium chloride (RCD oe ae aera 144.23 1-22 Sodium chloride (NACI) nity ene ts 9,810-00 84 -33 Magnesium chloride (MgCl). 7h ae neugrterttare 18-06 0-15 _Calcium chloride (CaCl) e.3% coe ee Sodium sulphate (NacSO%) iinet te eee Magnesium sulphate (MoSO,) ivan .eeriser 1-86 0-02 Calcium sulphate (CaSOODb. +. cece nee Sodium bicarbonate: (NaHCO). neces Magnesium bicarbonate 1,173.10 10-08 Calcium bicarbonate veers 402 -98 3-46 Strontium bicarbonate 2-83 0-02 Ferrous bicarbonate 2-23 0-02 Calcium phosphate hin omen Ferric oxide HesQs) be ccie sere etete Alumina (ALO ) 2. Hae 6-98 0-06 Silica (ON te Bad aca 15-80 0-14 Manganous bicarbonate +++ 0-18 — 11,634-01 100-00

ee ee a

Richelieu Spring, Grand Coteau, Chambly Basin, Que.

This spring is situated on a plateau, in area about two acres. Below the spring the ground is marshy, and slopes gradually to the Richelieu river. The water rises in a cement pit about fifteen feet in depth, which penetrates the clay overlying the Hudson River formation. The well has a capacity of 3000 gallons, and if pumped dry, takes two days to refill. The spring was the property of Mr. George Tetreau of Montreal. It was the subject of examination by Dr. Sterry Hunt on three occasions, in 1851, 1852, and 1864, when slight changes of concentration were observed. Prof. G. H. Baril, of Laval University, Montreal, carried out an exhaustive analysis in 1913, and his results, compared with those obtained recently, show similar slight variations.

The water is a moderately mineralized, sodic, muriated, bicarbonated water of the alkaline-saline type. The chief constituents may be considered to be sodium bicarbonate (58 per cent), and sodium chloride (33 per cent).

Prof. Baril states that the water is of value in the treatment of urinary diseases and of the digestive organs—sodium chloride stimulating the secretion of the glands. It is also prescribed for diseases of the biliary or renal lithiasis, chronic rheumatism, gout, and obesity.

RICHELIEU SPRING. Laboratory No. 49. Sample collected August, 1914. Temiperiaiee avis is ec 9-4°C, (49-0°F.) Flow sre. co duids oh: Small. Lashom ye. is aos: Slightly sweet and pleasant. ReRCti ma eRe Ny che Mle aces Alkaline. Specific gravity at 15°C... ... . 1-0028 RAC Oacrieny eral tl, i: Pimanatione as .2..).. 24 a 104 units. Dissolved radium —

Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per Cent.

Primary-salinity; 0... 34 42-20 Secondary salinity Primary alkalinity 51-80 Secondary alkalinity 6-00 Analysis. Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. sulphuric acid) (SOj) 0-89 — 0-03 0-03 Bicarbonic acid (HCO,) 1228. 589 -00 47.80 28-90 Carbonic acid (COMA. ee — — Nitric acid (NOS ss. 1-50 — 0-06 0-03 Nitrous acid (NOD Faeee ss. — —. — —— Phosphoric acid (PO,) 17 1-86 —. — Metaboricacid (BO,).2) 2-66 — —- Chlorine (CU hes 518.9 505-00 20-23 21-00 Bromine (Be) Rare ete.. 2-5 0-74 0-10 0-04 Iodine Cs vcr trace 0-58 —— Oxygen to form Al.O3 5-14 — 0-20 ilica CSIO se das. oe 22-30 36-88 0-87 —— Iron (Fe)... 125 1-35 0-05 — Aluminium CAO Sea 5-80 0-53 0-23 —- peace: (UN Re Gee trace 3-64 — — Calcium (Cpe. 10.34 10.87 0.40 0-74 Strontium (OS kee ee 1-02 1-22 0-04 0-03 Magnesium (Mg) 18-89 22-37 0.74 2-23 Lithium Coie 0-58 0.44 0-02 0-12 Potassium UES SA a 1-95 13-61 0-08 0:07 dium Nae 748 .72 712.20 29-15 46-81 Ammonium (NED oo. 0-03 —— —— Free carbon dioxide 532 -43 LOLA a eee ee ee ee 2,567.98 2,435.08 100-00 100-00 Total solids in solution, Concentratresidue dried at 110°C 2,077 or Pipe:

Gases: Carbon Dioxide CO, Hydrogen Sulphide H,S.

c.c. per litre.

Analysis by G. H. Baril, Laval University, 1913.

Parts per million,

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 49. RAAT RQ ESD ILC VCC UN ARC ANANSI Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :-— million. matter in analysis solution. Per cent.

Sodium nitrite (NaNO,) Sodium nitrate (NaNOs) 2-04 0-08 Ammonium chloride (NHGC) eae 0-11 —— Potassium iodide (RD) ane trace — Potassium bromide (KBr). Vinee 3-69 0-14 Lithium chloride (Liha ae R05) 0-14 Potassium chloride CINGI) aie nee 1-42 0-04 Sodium chloride (WNaG) ian 849.0 33-10 Magnesium chloride (Mg@hy i sain Calcium chloride (CAG eer Sodium sulphate (NasSO2) 5 ae 1-28 0-04 Magnesium sulphate (MeSOa) ine. ee Calcium sulphate (GaSOD Uae Sodium bicarbenate (NaHCOs) 1,511.90 58-85 Magnesium bicarbonate . 113.63 4.43 Calcium bicarbonate . 41.47 1-62 Strontium bicarbonate (Sr 2-41 0-09 Ferrous bicarbonate 4.00 0-16 Calcium phosphate 0-26 0-01 Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) Alumina CALOs) sues 10-94 0-43 Silica (SiO 5) Aes ae 22 -30 0-87

Radnor Forges Spring, Champlain County, Que. (52)

Water from this spring is bottled by the Radnor Water Co., of Montreal, as ''Radnor" mineral water. It rises from a drilling 12 feet in the rock, which was put down to increase the flow of the original source, and it issues under considerable pressure with a steady flow of 1500 gallons per hour.

It was one of the most temporarily radioactive waters found, possessing 345 units of activity, but the dissolved radium content is small and on that account the bottled water will not remain charged with radium emanation for more than a few days. The water has a pleasant, slightly saline taste, and is a very satisfactory mineral water for bottling purposes. It is a moderately mineralized, sodic, muriated, saline water; sodium and magnesium chlorides are the chief salts in solution together with calcium bicarbonate. It would be useful therapeutically in the treatment of disorders of the digestive system and other diseases for which moderately saline waters are beneficial.

Radnor Forges Spring.

Laboratory No. 52. Sample collected September, 1914.

Tempepatares.: te.) 2... 8:2 9-0°C. (48°F.) POEL 20. CAINS a aR 20 gallons per min. Taste Pere ete ke Pleasantly saline. ToS a ee AGU Oe SO DOR Alkaline. Specific gravity at15°C) :, 1-0015. IACIOACTIVIL Vc iieho si chs ice: Emanationin esau fou 345 units Dissolved radium OF Si, Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent. Primary salinity... 2455); 68-76 Secondary salinity 18-24 Primaryalkalinity 4): Secondary alkalinity 13-00 Analysis. 60R0@w—wwowsseSsSsSsSsSaSSaSaaasa Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid (SQ,) 105 114.9 5-56 3-58 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) 224- 344-5 12.92 6-50 Carbonic acid es a —. oe — Nitric acid INQ3) faeces. 6% 3-9 — 0.21 0-10 Nitrous acid (NO) eee. — ee —— —— Phosphoric acid (PQ,) 0-01 ee a Metaboric acid (BO.) —- — — — Chlorine (Chea set 869 - 880-5 46-01 39-78 Bromine (Gere on oars 7 6:2 0-09 0-04 Iodine ee ee. Sass Sas oma Oxygen to form Al,O3 2-4 —— 0-13 — ilica (SOR Sana 11-8 14-5 0-62 — Iron OO) 6 a ahce eee 2-0 trace 0-11 0-11 Aluminium (Al).. 2-7 0-14 — Manganese OMG) A eee aieNe — oS Calctum (COVA ise: 97- 72-7 5-14 7-89 Strontium (Soko. ae ae SS am Magnesium (Vip erat t.. 57- 25-5 3-02 7-62 Lithium (th en pie kee ae — a a San Potassium CASS See oe ae 13.9 11-0 0-74 0-58 Sodium NA eee 478. 620-1 25-31 33 -80 Ammonium (NER Ee hed 0:02 — —- — Rotaleeriae re Reet os. s 1,888-43 2,089 .9 100-00 100-00 Concentra- Total solids in solution, tion value residue dried at 110°C ! 1,841 61-50

Gases: Carbon Dioxide CO, Hydrogen Sulphide H.S

By J. T. Donald, Montreal, 1894.

c.c. per litre.

Parts per million.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 52. LIE Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite (NaNOz). .cel ace sere Sodium nitrate (NaNQs). senacen cee yogi) 0-29 Ammonium chloride (NEC) Ae eee 0-05 — Potassium iodide CKD oe eines Potassium bromide (KBr)! yc ecclerscrerdere 2-50 0-13 8-0 Lithium chloride (5s ©) Rey ants i505 3 Potassium chloride (KE) osc kee eee ; 24-96 132 ilesl Sodium chloride (NaCl es OSE eee 1,212.22 64-20 1,435.4 Magnesium chloride OW beg GF) Rear sti wis birt 163 -09 8-64 Calcium chloride (Gale). cc cnereeeee Sodium sulphate (INassO{) . sos acne 21-0 Magnesium sulphate (MigSO.) 4. eee 76-16 4.03 126-2 Calcium sulphate (C2S04)...2. hacer 62-63 3-32 Sodium bicarbonate (NatiCOs:) ssinsenteeitne 169.7 Magnesium bicarbonate Calcium bicarbonate eee ere 318-25 16-85 294-0 Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate (He CHiCOs):)si.eeeee 6-32 0-33 trace Calcium phosphate sian nee ook trace —— Ferric oxide Mess)... s cere Alumina (Al,Os) wus ellateelelebemeen suet 5-10 0-27 Silica (SS (OF) PRES! onic. 6 ios 11-80 0-62 14-5 1,888 -43 100-00 2,089 -9

St. Leon Spring, St. Leon, Maskinonge County, Que. (53)

This spring was once the site of a flourishing sanitorium, which is now in ruins. Water from it was bottled by the St. Leon Mineral Water Co., of Toronto, but nothing has been done during the last few years. The spring rises in a wooden cased well, about eight feet square, 20 feet from the bank of the Riviére-du-Loup, into which the overflow of 100 gallons an hour empties.

The geologic formation of the neighbourhood is the Hudson River. Gas is evolved from the spring in considerable quantities, its chief constituent being methane. The radioactivity of a sample was not found as high as usual for gases of similar origin.

Analysis shows the water to be a strongly mineralized, sodic, muriated, saline (carburetted) water.

*By J. T. Donald, Montreal, 1894.

o1

St. Leon Spring.

Laboratory No. 53.

Sample collected.

Tempelattce..5.625.,

Reaction .

Specific Pavity af 15°C. at Radioactivity

SAE Saline.

. September, 1914.

7 WANE Emanation in gas evolved. 140 %

Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity 82-18 Secondary salinity 5-94 Primary alkalinity. Secondary alkalinity... ... 11-88 Analysis. Total Previews inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. ee eee Sulphuric acid) (SO;na0, 2-37 0-02 0-01 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) 1,675. 12-00 5-94 Carbonic acid (CO;) ae: — — — Nitric acid CNOD Re. 0-75 0-01 — Nitrous acid (NO Nose oe: trace — — Phosphoric acid (PO,) trace —— — Metaboric acid (BO; Siesta: SS ae Chlorine (ON ale ee HPAI 51-70 43 .98 Bromine (Br) 26-0 0-18 0-07 Iodine UD nc) 4 ak ee 3-0 0-02 — Oxygen for Fe,O; & Al,Os. 12-14 0-08 — Silica (STON ead eae 31-5 0-23 a Iron CR ae lam eee 3-0 0-02 — Aluminium CAN) ree. 12-2 0-08 — Manganese CNT RE tae re 0-1 —— -— Calcium (Cae pee M. 125-6 0-90 1-35 Strontium fois) Re 2-75 0-02 0-02 Magnesium MVE ee ra 423 3 3-03 7-54 Lithium Coir 0-57 0-01 0-02 Potassium (Ka tery. 154.9 1-11 0-86 Sodium (CONF aldo Se Oe 4,250-2 30-45 39.97 Ammonium (G05 Fe ean a 20-0 0-14 0.24 SROUAIG eran Me ds hae! 13,958 -38 100-00 100-00 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value. Gmed ar tlOse. no A 13,796. 462-22 c.c. per litre. Parts per million. Gases: Carbon Dioxide COs: Hydrogen Sulphide H,S. .. 1-2 1.9

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 53. SPORTAL Oka NIA NL Le LS Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent.

IRE AUUANY SIH MALN CEN 1 ALLE EER UE a ae

Potassium iodide CEG DERE NUTRI 3-98 0-03

Potassium bromide CREB Rye aan terete 38-68 0-28

Lithium chloride RMAope A cisianis. : 3-44 0-02

Potassium chloride CEC a ease arenes 269 -91 1-93

Sodium chloride CNA CD ee 10,809 -45 ey i foe!

Magnesium bicarbonate 1,544.70 11-07

Strontium bicarbonate 6-81 0-05

Ferrous bicarbonate

Manganese oxide (MnO 2) Accents gee 0-15 oe 13,958 -39 100-00

SS nn cEEEEEE EES

Potton Spring, Potton Township, Brome Co., Que. (54)

This sulphur spring flows from a crevice in the mou ntain side, close to Potton Springs station, on the Canadian Pacific railway branch line between Eastman and North Troy, not far from Sherbrooke, and within a few miles of Lake Memphremagog.

A sanitorium has been built by Mr. J. A. Wright, near the spring, and numerous visitors take the cure. The water is lightly mineralized, and contains only a small amount of hydrogen sulphide in spite of its taste, very little of this gas being sufficient to give a water the peculiar rottenegg flavour.

Analysis shows it to be a calcic, sodic bicarbonated water of the alkaline type. The hypothetical combinations indicate that calcium, magnesium and sodium bicarbonates, together form 78 per cent of the total solids in solution.

POTTON SPRING. Laboratory No. 54.

Sample collected September, 1914.

PRCHIDEVACUTG ire fg: se a eins 10-0°C. (50°F.)

BloWtee ety eco eas oe. 1 gallon per minute.

Paste tapes wet! woe aia oak er Slight taste of hydrogen sulphide.

Reactionnarre ng in eel Alkaline.

~peciic gravity atiS°C... ..,. 1-0002.

Racoacuvity yas sot oie ce: Emanation eros orn. 280 units. Dissolved radium

Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary. salinity?) . 0.0). 19-30 Secondary salinity Primary alkalinity 11-70 Secondary alkalinity 69-00 Analysis. i] ; Total oy . inorganic Reacting Constituent :— ee matter in Vaiue. ' solution, Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. ulphunicacid ) 3-7 1255 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) 123. 40-35 Carbonic acid (CORRS... —— — Nitric acid (NO) rere as 1-3 0-41 Nitrous acid (NODES. — — Phosphoric acid (PO,) —-. — Netaboriciacid) (BOs))) a ee Chlorine (Oe ae 13-6 7-69 Bromine (Breer ce: — — Iodine (CE res — — Silica ae Heda ee 9.9 Iron. SN chee Aluminium ae} we Wa Manganese (Min) aes. a Calcium (Cae Res 23-6 23 -53 Strontium (Sr ieee — aa Magnesium (4) Poe 6-1 10-05 Lithium CO cos ee 0-01 — Potassium (Sh. 5 ae oe 0-96 0-02 Sodium (Nae ane 17-16 0-48 Ammonium CNED Bere 0-05 14.94 ALOtAle tree oer ot Poke mrstarsye 200 -68 100-00 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value. driedrar Orr ens 135- 5-00 c.c. per litre. Parts per million. Gases: Carbon Dioxide CO: 14-4 33-0

Hydrogen Sulphide H.S. .. 0-6 1-0

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 54. Total : Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent.

Sodium nitrite (NaNO) Eee eer Sodium nitrate (NANO3) ae eee 1:77 0-88 Ammonium chloride (NEVCD ee one 0-15 0:07 Potassium iodide. teen Potassium bromide (KBr). 5 eee Lithium chloride (LiGh aad eee 0-06 0-03 Potassium chloride (KG) ls cee eee 1-83 0-91 Sodium chloride eee ene 20-74 10-34 Magnesium chloride (Me Ch))) cc hee Calcium chloride GaCh)..k.:aseaeetene Sodium sulphate (Na,SO4)).-c. vere ee 5-48 2-73 Magnesium sulphate (MigSOg) isis: over cciaepeene Calcium. sulphate (CaSOs). 3. eee Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO; ) caesar 24-61 12-25 Magnesium bicarbonate 36-70 18-30 Calcium bicarbonate cee 95-35 47-53 Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate 0) wees 4.06 2-02 Calcium phosphate (C25 jase cere Ferric oxide ARE O}) Rema eitiataic Sater Alumina (CABO R) c8. cn Sele Silica (SIO Dees ecco ee 9.9 4.94

Philudor Spring, St. Hyacinthe, St. Hyacinthe Co., Que. (55)

Several springs occur in the neighbourhood of St. Hyacinthe. Philudor spring rises, not far from a creek at the foot of a steep slope on the farm of Napoleon Solis, in the parish of St. Hyacinthe le Confesseur. It issues from a boring 28 feet deep, and flows at a rate of 35 gallons an hour, into a wooden trough. There is another spring of slightly greater flow about 50 yards away, but it is unused. The water from the former spring is bottled by the St. Hyacinthe Mineral Water Company, under the name 'Philudor' mineral water.

Analysis shows the water to be a moderately mineralized sodic, muriated bicarbonated, alkaline-saline water. Sodium chloride forms 65 per cent of the total solids in solution, magnesium and calcium bicarbonates 12 per cent, and sodium bicarbonate 18 per cent.

Laboratory No. 55.

Philudor Spring.

September, 1914.

Temieratiteters 5 sib. odie 3's 8-6°C. (47-5°F.) [Tr eae ae ee oa A gallon per minute. Tyee ye ero one Goa a Slightly saline with indications of hydrogen sulphide. Regctititeoas ces Sees of FURIES Specific gravity at 15°C 1-0046 PRAGIOGEUI WILY Bates coe bes hss 3 EGIANAOR cee etey cc ee Le 106 units. Dissolved radium £Ge Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent. Primary salinity... 2...) 75-00 Secondary salinity Primary alkalinity 13-98 Secondary alkalinity 11-02 Analysis. : Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid (SOx) . 19-5 0-41 0-27 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) 1,130 23 -59 12-50 Carbonic acid (COs) . —— —. — Nitric acid (NOs). 15-8 0-33 0-17 Nitrous acid (NO2). trace —- —— Phosphoric acid (PO,). —— —- Metaboric acid (BO.). a — — Chlorine (Celie 1,943 -0 40-57 37-00 Bromine (Br) 7-0 0-15 0-06 Iodine CN eee —— —— — Silica (SiOz). 14.5 0-30 —-. Iron (Fe).. 4.68 0-10 0-11 Aluminium (Al).. — — Manganese (Mn) 0-6 0-01 — Calcium (ey) 54-6 1-14 1-84 Strontium (Sr) . trace — os Magnesium (Mg) 64-1 1-34 3-56 Lithium RET) ie), a — — Potassium (ER 50-5 1-05 0-87 Sodium (Na).. 1,485 -4 31-01 43-62 Ammonium (NH,4) 0-002 — — MOON oie ciel eieis: <0) 4,789 .68 100-00 100-00 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value. drnemat 110°C 3... 148.12

Gases :

Carbon Dioxide CO: Hydrogen Sulphide H.S.

c.c. per litre.

Parts per million.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 55. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution, Per cent.

Sodium nitrite (NaNQ)) aes trace — Sodium nitrate (NaNO teen thane 21-58 0-45 Ammonium chloride (NEUCD ei ene 0-01 Potassium iodide Ce a ee Potassium bromide (KBE) Ea Neen 10-36 0-21 Lithium chloride (ICD ARNO ; Potassium chloride (KC OIE iene 89-8 1-87 Sodium chloride (Nah oi kee ene 3,132-5 65 -42 Magnesium chloride (Mg Gl yiis it che cane Calcium chloride (CAG) ye haere Sodium sulphate (NasSOa) ne ce yeas 28 -82 -0-60 Magnesium sulphate (MigSO]) fae haere Calcium sulphate (CaSOD VreulisiiceReine Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO: canes 868-5 18-13 Magnesium bicarbonate 385-7 8-05 Calcium bicarbonate (Ca CEICO3) 2) onan 221-0 4.61 Strontium bicarbonate trace — Ferrous bicarbonate (FECA ss. oe 14.95 0-31 Calcium phosphate usin Ferric oxide Ferg ein pes Alumina CALOD A Re a Silica (SiQs Uae a aie 14-5 0-31 Manganous bicarbonate 1.94 0-04

Spring At La Providence, St. Hyacinthe. (56)

The spring, on the farm of the Sisters of La Metairie, at the village of La Providence, is situated at the foot of aslope. It is enclosed in a wooden casing, and the water is 10 feet deep. Occasional bubbles of gas, chiefly methane, rise to the surface.

This water is considerably more alkaline and less mineralized than the Philudor water, though they both issue from the Hudson River formation. It can be similarly classified, however, as a sodic, muriated, bicarbonated, alkaline-saline (carburetted) water. Sodium bicarbonate may be considered to constitute 59 per cent of the total inorganic matter in solution.

SPRING AT LA PROVIDENCE. Laboratory No. 56.

Sample collected ici) iii) Nie September, 1914. Memperature wien, sees ee ae 9-4°C, (49°F.) LU Foy eas) MERRIMAC TAL MIA ONG: Wet Sakae Small

('ssurids Aueut jo uoreooy yeorddA 7)

"AT FLVId

'andy 'oyqueAP "4S 'Sursds DUIPIAOIG Vv]

Reachoneeneiren ete

Specific gravity at 15°C

Radioactivity: ..u'ves. 4s

Emanation in gas evolved.

Properties of reaction in per cent.

Constituents :—

Sulphuric acid (SO,). Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) Carbonic acid (COs). Nitric acid (NOs). Nitrous acid (NO.). Phosphoric acid (PO,). Metaboric acid (BO2)... Chlorine (Cl) a iey. Bromine (Br) Iodine (ae Oxygen for Fe,03 & AlO3 Silica (SiO.). Iron (Fe). . Aluminium (Al). Manganese (Mn) Calcium (Ca) Strontiu,,' (Sr). Magnesiurd (Mg) Lithium URS ee Potassium (ASQ ay ee Sodium (Na).. Ammonium (NH,g). PPOLalNe yaar dteie cic samc

Total solids in solution, residue dried at 110°C

Gases: Carbon Dioxide CO:

Hydrogen Sulphide H.S.

Primary salinitva a yas Secondary salinity Primary alkalinity Secondary alkalinity Analysis. Previous inorganic analysis matter in ; solution. Parts per million. Per cent. 2-05 0-07 1,369. 45.84 trace aes trace arearras 643 - 21-53 trace a 4.73 0-16 14-6 0.49 11.0 0-37 trace

me oO bo ASS

dS

w ~sI

c.c. per litre.

112 units 540,

Reacting value.

Per cent.

Concentration value.

Parts per million,

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 56. Total ; Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite (Na NO>) sae eee ees Sodium nitrate NalNQO3) saints eee 7-40 0-25 Ammonium chloride (NE GC) a erie 0-11 0-04 Potassium iodide Dts Gas heres eee Potassium bromide (KBr) nh accree eee trace a Lithium chloride (LiGD eee ieee : Potassium chloride (854 @) Dar eiousia tino 2m 56-17 1-88 Sodium chloride (Nahi ey aiticanenee 1,015 -36 34-00 Magnesium chloride (Me Gh) 2 ico aera Calcium chloride CaCh) sane ice Sodium sulphate (OSES OWS Sarasin od Sic 3-05 0-10 Magnesium sulphate (MM gSODMe eater Calcium sulphate ASO 4) aks ee Sodium bicarbonate CQEIS( SOS Borneo 5. coc: 1,778 -00 59.50 Magnesium bicarbonate 67 -38 2-26 Calcium bicarbonate (CaCHiCOs):). 2 ee 28-76 0-96 Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate Susan Aa etaae FUN ea et erric oxide e203 Alumina (Al,O3) 6) © Ne, Beene cele 15-73 0-53 Silica (GRO) ase anatiog tina 14-60 0-48 2,986 -56 100-00

This spring is on the farm of Mr. B. Lupien, and water from it is bottled by Mr. J. C. Rousseau, of Three Rivers, as "St. Leon" mineral water. It is one mile farther up the Riviére-du-Loup than the original St. Lec, spring (No. 53), and like it rises from the Hudson River formation. There are two springs, 15 feet apart, and close to the river bank; the flow from each is small. Water is pumped from the deeper spring into barrels for shipping.

Gas is evolved from both waters and asample collected in September 1914, possessed 148 units of radioactivity. The water is a strongly mineralized, sodic, muriated, alkaline-saline (bromic, carburetted) water. Sodium and potassium chlorides constitute 77 per cent of the total solids, the remainder is composed of calcium and magnesium bicarbonates.

Analysis gave the following particulars :—

jeseuana: Wie

Laboratory No. 57.

Sample collected , September, 1914. RCIA UPERUIOR ii... cok oo. sc x 83°C. (47+8° Fe) Lo aa Und i Small. JUS 2 as ar Strongly saline. I MOAR SY ok Specific gravity at 15°C 1-0103. RaOaCtvitvoren son's sce. os Emanatigneemre sane)! 148 units Dissolved radium 0-8 , Emanation in gas evolved. 460 ss Properties of reaction in per cent. Primary salinity)... o 5 81-12 Secondary salinity 0-62 Primary alkalinity Secondary alkalinity... ... 17-26 Analysis. 005 Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid (SO4) 0-41 —. — Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) 2,332 -4 16-97 8-63 Carbonic acid (COs) . — — —— Nitric acid (NOs). 0-3 — — Nitrous acid (NO,). aes —— Phosphoric acid (PO,). trace — ee Metaboric acid (BO,) . aa Chlorine (Ch. 6,495. 47-25 41.30 Bromine (Br): 25-0 0.18 0-07 Iodine CD). 25 0-02 —— Oxygen for ALOss 40.) 3-17 0-02 —. Silica (SiOz). 31-45 0.23 — Tron (Fe). . 0-91 — 0-01 Aluminium (Al). 3-57 0-03 Manganese (Mn) —— Fee. Calcium (Ca) 285-5 2-08 3-22 Strontium oc os 2-19 0-02 0-01 Magnesium (Mg) 307-1 2-23 5-70 Lithium (Li) 0-23 SS 0-01 Potassium Cees 197-5 1.44 1-14 Sodium (Na).. 4,029-1 29.31 39.54 Ammonium (NH4) 30-0 0-22 0-37 POfalaamenee ee Ashes... 13,746 -25 100-00 100-00 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value. dsiedapilOr Cre esi... . 12,584. 443 -08

Gases :

Carbon Dioxide CQy Hydrogen Sulphide H2S.

c.c. per litre.

Parts per million.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 57. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :-— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent.

Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) — Sodium nitrate (NaNOs) 0.43 — Ammonium chloride (NEC) eke 89-13 0-65 Potassium iodide COL eee 3-15 0-02 Potassium bromide CBr) A Sabet 37-13 0-27 Lithium chloride CIC ee essary: 1-40 0-01 Potassium chloride CEC 352-11 2-56 Sodium chloride MaCoiseenee 10, 247.74 74-55 Magnesium chloride (Mg Cis) rere 64-90 0-47 Calcium chloride CaGh) eee Sodium sulphate (NassODrearee Magnesium sulphate (MeSO.) cue 0-54 Calcium sulphate (CaSOD Gee Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOs) Magnesium bicarbonate . 1,747.28 12-71 Calcium bicarbonate 1,156.27 8-41 Strontium bicarbonate 5-03 0-04 Ferrous bicarbonate 2-94 0-02 Calcium phosphate trace — Ferric oxide (Res@s) oh tne Alumina (Al,O3) 6-74 0-05 Silica (SIOD eR 31.45 0.23

AETNA SPRING, ST. SEVERE, ST. Rea on TOWNSHIP, ST. MAURICE CO.,

The water rises in a cement well, 4 feet diameter, and 24 feet deep, on the farm of Mr. A. Lacerte, close to the Riviére-du-Loup. The water is very saline to the taste and has but a small flow. It is bottled under the name of "Divina" mineral water by Mr. J. T. Lemyre of Three Rivers.

Sodium and potassium chlorides may be considered to form 83 per cent of the total solid matter (17,945 parts per million), a concentration approximately equivalent to four heaped teaspoonfuls of common salt in a gallon of water.

Analysis shows the water to be a strongly mineralized sodic, muriated, saline (bromic and iodic) water. The concentration of the water appears to have increased to some extent since the analysis by Prof. F. Fafard of Laval University in 1887.

The following results were obtained :—

AETNA SPRING. Laboratory No. 58. Sample collected September, 1914. LOMDEMAtieer si. 5 scons. 8-0°C. (47°F.) Plow eee as Small. BR Rs SAAS! VO a ee Very saline. Be sell oes ee ch ele Specific grayity/at 15°C... 1-0132. Radioaceinitytess. 6). so) Emanatsanugt Anas eeu 87 units Dissolved radium RL A ae Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent. Primarysaling ty) 2.1) 85-64 Secondary salinity 3-60 Primary alkalinity Secondary alkalinity 10-76 Analysis. : inorganic Reacting Constituents:— ees matter in value. ysis. Z solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric'acid (SO))ee... ... 2-8 trace 0-02 0-01 Bicarbonic acid (HCO,) 1,955 1,694.8 10-90 5-38 Carbonic acid (COR sa — —- ee Nitric acid INOS) heise. 2-.: 29-1 — 0-16 0-08 Nitrous acid CINOSHEE 5.00 ts 0:6 a —— — Phosphoric acid (PO,) —- 8-0 — ——— Metaboric:acid 6... . — — as aa Chlorine (Chee, 9,400. 5,755 -6 52-40 44.49 Bromine MBE ete cts ste! 15-0 4,420-0 0-08 0-03 Iodine (0) el en 9-0 76-6 0-05 0-01 Oxygen for Fe,0; & Al,O3 11-3 254-0 0-06 — Silica (S09) se eee 37-4 78 -4 0-20 ee Iron CHE) PORN ei! 4.2 81-0 0-02 0-03 Aluminium CAN PEt c css 10-0 288 -0 0-06 Ss Manganese GN ba ae oo 0-1 1-3 — Calcium (Ga). 4 ae 71-2 38-1 0.39 0-60 Strontium (Speen. 4.8 — 0-03 0-02 Magnesium (Nig ere e 473-4 496-0 2-64 6-53 Lithium (Li). 3-8 17-0 0-02 0-09 Potassium MESS) eeeeetense!, fo, 166-9 288-0 0-93 0-72 Sodium (CSE) )Ge 8 Aeigee 5,729.0 4,385-8 31-92 41-81 Ammonium (NH). 22-0 — 0-12 0-20 1G EN El Gee EV Bess Oe 17,945 -6 17, 882-6 100-00 100-00 Total solids in solution, residue Concentraariedtacelq0;C... ote. oss. 17,477 tion Nee

Gases: Carbon Dioxide CO, Hydrogen Sulphide H.S

c.c. per litre.

By F, Fafard, Laval University, 1887.

Parts per million,

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 58. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite (NaNO,) 0.9 —— Sodium nitrate 0. 39-9 0.22 Ammonium chloride (NEL Claas 65-4 0-36 Potassium iodide (KD) ee ee 11-7 0:06 Sodium iodide (Nady si. ae 91.7 Potassium bromide CGB a) ee eee 22-3 0-12 Lithium chloride CIGT) aan ae Sed 0-13 104-0 Potassium chloride (CIS on ee 299-5 1-67 550-5 Sodium chloride (NaC) ee 14,540-0 81-05 7,870.6 Magnesium chloride (MSC ieee 495-5 2-76 830-2 Calcium chloride (CaCl) ieee 21.3 Sodium bromide (NaBr) oc. iee 5,690. Magnesium sulphate (MgSO). eee 3-6 0-02 Calcium sulphate (CASIO A teal: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO ) 2 Magnesium bicarbonate . 2,082 -0 11-60 1,707.9 Calcium bicarbonate 287 -2 1-60 122.3 Strontium bicarbonate 11-5 0-06 —. Ferrous bicarbonate eh Sodium phosphate 13-7 Ferric oxide (FeOs) 6-0 0-03 Alumina (ALOR) eee 19.6 0-11 Silica (SiO) beeen 37-4 0-21 78-4 Manganous bicarbonate . 4-1 17,945 -6 100-00 1,788 -0

St. Genevieve De Batiscan, Que. (59)

Several strongly saline springs are known in the vicinity of St. Genevieve, but only one was examined. It is situated on the right bank of the Batiscan river, just above the bridge leading across to the village of St. Genevieve. It is the property of D. Veillet and Co., and is bottled under the name of "Star" mineral water. Salt is also obtained by evaporation of the water, 8 gallons yielding 1 pound of salt.

Much gas is given off from the water, and is collected in a tank over the well, from which it is led into the bottling house to run a gas engine. Analysis showed the gas to be chiefly methane.

This spring was examined by Sterry Hunt before 1863, with very similar results to those obtained in 1915. He drew attention to the high percentage of iodine (0-063 per cent of the solid matter in solution). A somewhat lower result is shown in this analysis (0-02 per cent). The water issues from the Lower Silurian limestone formation.

Analysis shows it to be a strongly mineralized, sodic, muriated, saline water.

Alkaline chlorides form over 82 per cent of the total solid material; in sodium and magnesium chloride 11-6 per cent. It closely resembles some of the strongly saline European spa waters, such as at N auheim, Kreuznarh, Pyrmont and Bourbonne les Bains.

"STAR" MINERAL WATER. Laboratory No. 59.

Sample collected September, 1914.

PbeMpetatuneds cen. ss cic ia we 8-3°C. (47°F.)

Plows yee eee ee ee. oat 8 gallons per minute.

PASTS Pe eee Re ss eis ua 0 Very salt and bitter.

IREACHIGHEE GT co Fiala fee ke ie ack Alkaline.

Specific gravity at 15°C : 1-0220.

Radigacuvitye criss. fue dress a: Fanaa tonys sy ya sciee vis ae 145 ~—s units Dissolved radium 0-8

: Emanation in gas evolved.

Properties of reaction in per cent. Primary salinity 82-08 Secondary salinity 14-40 Primary alkalinity. 005... Secondary alkalinity 3-52

Analysis. Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :-— analysis.* matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent.

Sulphuriciacid (SOn) aa. xvas 2-9 0-01 ae -Bicarbonic acid (HCQs) 1,123. aaa 3-91 1-76 Carbonic acid (GOs EE ake ses eS 464-3 — so Nitric acid NOR eae 0-6 — Os — Nitrous acid (NOMS e ge trace me -— — Phosphoric acid (PO,) — ee a Metaboric acid (BOz) trace — — —— Chlorine (OD) eae in 16,850- 14,677 58-77 48-20 Bromine (CBE) Nees 34-0 aa 0-12 0.04 Iodine GL) Use Se eee aa 7-0 39 -8 0-02 —. Oxygen for ALOs ici Me so eumleuiee 9-1 — 0-03 — Silica (SiOa aces 11-0 26-0 0-04 — Iron (Beta eee: 17-2 5:4 0-06 0-06 Aluminium (CAT) ROS ein) ete 10.2 8:5 0-03 od Manganese NEN) eas 0-0 — —- —— Calcium (Gay ee ey CE 289 -6 696-4 1-01 1-46 Strontium (Se) eauee as seen, 7-32 203-0 0-02 0-02 Magnesium (Mg) 891-0 909-5 3-11 7-42 Lithium CED) RE aaa 1-0 0.2 —. 0-01 Potassium ESN a Scy Grin aa 282-0 3-3 0-98 0-73 Sodium Nay een 9,090. 7,829 -0 31-70 46-00 Ammonium CNH ee 5-0 — 0.19 0-30

Barina vile aoa eoateiaces — 84-2 Total ae wai Ale Null 2S -OSO soo 24,946 -6 100-00 100-00 Total solids in solution, residue Concentraried ati 1Or Gee eRe ay 29 , 260 ar heties

c.c. per litre. Parts per million.

Gases: Carbon Dioxide CQz Hydrogen Sulphide H2S

trace trace

*By C. P. Choquette, St. Hyacinthe, Que.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 59. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent.

Sodium nitrite (NaNO: ieey enn) aoe 0-01 a Sodium nitrate CNaNOg a ius ccee ns 0-80 — Ammonium chloride CN EI CLG Et ee crane 163 -35 0:57 Potassium iodide CU ads Soe 9-15 0-04 47-0 Potassium bromide (ISBT) ae alee eee 50-65 0-18 Lithium chloride HEIGL) ion heros aces 6-12 0-03 Potassium chloride CIS CL) eerie ena 501-8 1.75 6-3 Sodium chloride (CON ENCI Oale teemamen Se 23, 103-0 80-52, 19 413-8 Magnesium chloride GNIS Cl) pee ea a reece 3,335-5 11-63 3,594.3 Barium chloride (Ba Cle) ais d ees , 12-79 Sodium sulphate CNa SOD et caer Magnesium sulphate AMeSOD as ae 3-71 0-01 Calcium sulphate (GaSOO es ton 5 abu Sodium bicarbonate CNA CO) co beeen Magnesium bicarbonate 232-7 0-81 Calcium bicarbonate ace 1,171-7 4.08 1,160-7 Strontium bicarbonate 17-51 0-06 Strontium chloride (Sah) ae eee 36-79 Ferrous bicarbonate 54-64 0-19 Sodium phosphate (Nas (BOg) eet sooner 45-5 Ferric oxide . (ies Os) eeuiir. 2 tate 7-8 Alumina CATSOS) tes chic creer - 19.3 0.08 8-5 Silica KSIOD Sh ees cine eee 11-0 0-05 2-6 Manganous bicarbonate 0-06

Spring At Berthier, Berthier Co., Que. (62)

The spring examined at Berthier rises in the middle of the Bayonne River at Fernierville. A wooden tub surrounds it, and there is a considerable evolution of gas with the water. The strange situation of the spring is the result of a landslide in 1914, when the course of the river was changed. In winter and spring the source is covered by the depth of river water, but when visited in the summer of 1914 there was a strong flow from the spring, and the water appeared entirely free from admixture with the surrounding river water.

Sterry Hunt supposed it to ascend from the Lower Silurian limestones.

It is moderately mineralized, sodic, muriated, alkaline saline (bromic, carburetted) water, having a primary alkalinity of 5-7 per cent. The chief constituents may be considered to be sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and magnesium bicarbonate. The amount of bromine in the water is comparatively high, sodium bromide forming 0-58 per cent of the total solid matter.

Analysis gave the following particulars :—

SPRING AT BERTHIER. Laboratory No. 62.

sample collected. ...62..:)... .September, 1914. 'Lemperature.. osteo 8-0°C. (47°F.) PIOW. SC Nain" Sd eu Ream Considerable. PAS0G; trees ety Cnclate ae Pleasantly saline. Reaction... oo ve a Albealide: Specific craviey at 15°C... Re ei 1-0048. Radioacuvity,:.o) ea wae pte 112 units Dissolved radium trace. Emanation i in gas evolved. 450 Properties of reaction in per cent. Primary salinity. .°id0 81-82 Secondary salinity Primary alkalinity 5-74 Secondary alkalinity 12-44 Analysis. pete be ee die eee Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. - solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. a hte Sulphuric acid (SOD eee 1-2 0-02 0-01 Bicarbonic acid (HCO;) 1218 17-73 9-09 Carbonic acid {EOs) nee — — — Nitric acid (NOs)... 0.9 0-01 — Nitrous acid (NO;)... — ao SS Phosphoric acid GRO 0-3 — —. Metaboric acid (BOs)... —. — —— Chlorine (CDRs Siecle 46-17 40-70 Bromiue (Breast 33-0 0-48 0-29 Iodine CL) ee 6-0 0-09 — Oxygen for (Al,0,). . 4.44 0-06 — Silica (SiO:)... 35-5 0-52 a Iron (He) ie 1-16 0-02 0.02 Aluminium (AD rae 5-01 0-07 — Manganese (Mn)... 0-05 — — Calcium (Cay 30-63 0-45 0-70: Strontium {er) i@x 2-92 0-04 0-03 Magnesium (Mg). . 146-2 2-13 5-47 Lithium (ED 0-42 0-01 0-03 Potassium WOR Ar 2-85 0-04 0-03 Sodium CNay aan: 2,202.2 32-06 43 .56 Ammonium (NH,).. 6-50 0-09 0-16 PhOtal eet: coe, A eC te 6,868 -28 100-00 100-00 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value. driediat 1i0QiG Sits. 6,370 219-80 c.c. per litre. Parts per million.

Gases: Carbon Dioxide COy.. Hydrogen Sulphide HS 1-3 2-1

Spring in Bayonne river, Berthier, Que.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 62. Sa Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in Analysis. solution. Per cent.

ee es ee Sodium nitrite (NaNO,) aR ot: Sodium nitrate INSINOZ) Sato Joe 1-28 0-02 Ammonium chloride CNET CIE See ee 19.30 0-28 Potassium iodide Wits 2. eee 7-80 0-11 Potassium bromide GSB Ri eee. 2c eee 3-09 0-04 Sodium bromide GNGBE) Beane a ken 39 -83 0-58 Lithium chloride CLINCH AS enn 2-59 0-04 Potassium chloride (CSCI) Rei go yt Sodium chloride INA GE iar. o, riee 5,203 -1 75-75 Magnesium chloride CMic@I see. #0 Calcium chloride (ONC SEs) palenatee ne ia Sodium sulphate CNasSOD ma. ole tong) 0-03 Magnesium sulphate ONIESO Die. nen Calcium sulphate (GaSO7) S6 ee he Sodium bicarbonate WaHCOs) eS... Ue 530-56 7-72 Magnesium bicarbonate 879 -60 12-80 Calcium bicarbonate ada oe 123.16 1-79 Strontium bicarbonate Se (COs )a ys, sare coe 6-92 0-10 Ferrous bicarbonate (Ge 0... 3-65 0-05 Caicium phosphate 63.4 ance: 0-46 0-01 Ferric oxide GOR a oe Aten 8-2 Alumina 2g) Araneae ti eee 9.45 0-14 Silica (SiOs) SMa es Gee 35-5 0-52 Manganous bicarbonate 0-17

Spring At Maskinonge, Maskinonge Co., Que. (63)

This spring was discovered by Mr. J. T. Lemyre of Three Rivers in 1912. It rises in a small pool at the foot of the steeply sloping bank of the River Maskinonge, about 40 yards from the water's edge. The water had a pleasant saline taste, resembling the Magi Caledonia water, or the Radnor water, when examined in September 1914.

Analysis shows it to be moderately mineralized, sodic, muriated, alkaline-saline water, very similar in composition to the Berthier water.

Sodium chloride forms 71 per cent of the total inorganic matter in solution, magnesium bicarbonate 12 per cent, and sodium bicarbonate 6 per cent.

The following results were obtained upon analysis :-—

Spring At Maskinonge.

Laboratory No. 63.

Sample collected... 005.3 . ss September, 1914.

MREMPCTATUTSN Ao \ontieis gaunech uve she 8-0°C. (47°F.)

LEN Ze RoR sl SE AADC MNT AN ONE RAD TIE Small

ASCO Ma One ate Siar ehe tt Pleasantly saline.

REA CHO Nh Oye Alkaline.

Specific pravity at 15°C. .2. 6. 1-0044.

IAGIOACEIVILY Oh) DAN miei eaue we Erman ies) 3. so SU 79 units Dissolved radium : 0°5

Emanation in gas evolved. 250

Properties of reaction in per cent.

Piimery salinity...) . 00M 82-04 Secondary salinity Primary alkalinity S02 Secondary alkalinity 12-84 Analysis. Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid Piette 2-7 0-04 0:03 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) 1,075-1 17 -38 8-98 Carbonic acid (CO; oa — — Nitric acid (NOs)... 49 .3 0-80 0-40 Nitrous acid (NOs)... 1-35 0-02 0-01 Phosphoric acid (BOD RR! 0-07 —. oe Metaboric acid (BO,)... a — a Chlorine COU Rast 2,826- 45 -68 40-55 Bromine KBr) 6-0 0-09 0-03 Iodine eran: 0-4 — — Oxygen for, "ALO, eae eo oly 4.23 0-06 Silica (SiOz)... 19.2 0-31 — Iron (Hie) oie 0-45 0-07 0-01 Aluminium CAL) re 4-30 0-08 — Manganese (Mn)... a — Calcium (Cayere. 49 -6 0-80 1-26 Strontium (Sx) ch: —— — — Magnesium (Mg) ... 122-8 1-9 5-15 Lithium (CE 0:3 — 0-02 Potassium (Ce aapee 145.2 2-34 1-89 Sodium (Na) 1,872-1 30-25 41.51 Ammonium NET) 22 5-7 0-09 0-16 Wh Boy eh Ar SAN SC DA 6, 184-80 100-00 100-00 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value. dried atl d OSC imurin yea. te 5,586 196-20 c.c. per litre. Parts per million. Gases: Carbon Dioxide COs.. , Q- 0-6

Hydrogen Sulphide H;S .

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 63. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent.

Sodium nitrite GNaANOs) ye eats: 2-0 0-03 Sodium nitrate CNGIN@O a ea neee 67-6 1-10 Ammonium chloride (NEC ss eae 17.1 0-28 Potassium iodide CEB ed a 0-6 0-01 Potassium bromide UF a ieee ea TIS 3) 9.0 0-15 Lithium chloride (CRAG) atone alo) seems 1-8 0-03 Potassium chloride ERG) nes Pacts 271-4 4.39 Sodium chloride NaCl ison. wae 4,423 -0 71-50 Magnesium chloride Vig CERO a ei SS Calcium chloride (GAC) DR RR a Sodium sulphate (Na SOD Maa i aaee 4.0 0-06 Magnesium sulphate UNESSO sei iss Sen Be Calcium sulphate KGa SQ Mimic shee een Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO eon. eee 411.0 6.64 Magnesium bicarbonate 747-0 12-09 Calcium bicarbonate (Cal 2). aes 201-0 3-25 Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate (eC ncaa 1.5 0-02 Calcium phosphate on. canter 0-1 a Ferric oxide (Bes couche wont Alumina AL Og) Norah's jsioke onahatees 8-5 0-14 Silica (SiOa )eaiae ot oh. eee 19.2 0-31

ST. BENOIT SPRING, ST. BENOIT, TWO MOUNTAINS CO., QUE. No. 64.

The spring rises in a well in a small wooden house, and the small overflow runs into a creek about 200 yards away. It is the property of Alfred Ferland, and is bottled by the Canadian Aerated Co., of Montreal. According to Sterry Hunt the origin of the water is the Potsdam formation (Geology of Canada 1863, p. 542). Analysis shows the water to be a moderately mineralized, sodic, muriated water of the saline type. The chief compounds assumed to be present are sodium chloride, 77-6 per cent, magnesium chloride, 10 per cent, calcium chloride and calcium sulphate—both about 3 per

cent. ST. BENOIT SPRING.

Laboratory No. 64.

Sample collected September, 1914. SIGS sie: yh 2 0 1025°C) (51°F) Dt a Ne Small

Sree Perr Solaleis 5 as a 2's Slightly saline. OS

Radioactivity) ne eke eee Emanation. 0). sc fan ne 28 units

Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity ; 78-88 Secondary salinity 19-14 Primary alkalinity Secondary alkalinity... ... 1-98 Analysis. Dene aes Ee Total : Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulpburiciacidl SO; eer. oo. 115-6 2-20 1°32 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs;) 109.2 2-09 0-99 Carbonic acid (COM Ame. ce: — —— — Nitric acid (NORE ec. 1-8 0-03 — Nitrous acid CNO Dare. ne —— a —— Phosphoric'acid (POs ...5..1.) ee — Metaboric acid (BO.)...:: trace — — Chlorine (Cie eee 3,062 58-21 47-61 Bromine CBr) eer 8 12-0 0-23 0-08 Iodine (TS) Ses eee ne 1-0 0-02 —- Silica ONE sme che el 7-53 0-14 — Tron (Ee) ey, Lae Fe Aluminium ie Dera ee Oat Oo Manganese ' (Mn) 0-25 0-05 ee Calcium (Ca) ee 148-1 2-82 4-08 Strontium (Se) ares che: 1-64 0-03 0-02 Magnesium (Mayu 140. 2-68 6-35 Lithium (CEA) RC ER? 1.27 0-03 0-16 Potassium LS) eso Po ee 43 -8 0-84 0-62 Sodium CIN AN) eae reR Pe Sirona. 1,606-8 30-54 38-55 Ammonium GNI) Selene 55 0-01 0-17 Ota eke Bee te 5, 263 -28 100-00 100-00 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value. iediat wil O2G ewe mewn. 8. 5,530 181-26

c.c. per litre. Carbon Dioxide COz 22-5 Hydrogen Sulphide H2S... 0-5

Gases:

Parts per million.

No. 64.

Hypothetical Combinations.

Constituent :— Sodium nitrite CNAaINO]) oa co: Sodium nitrate INANOs) ct asec ee

Ammonium chloride NICD) a ae Potassium iodide (CLT Ba ree cena 3 Potassium bromide USBryee ee. ae Lithium chloride CERCLA es es ee Potassium chloride CT) Baeeed ets Sodium chloride INA CI aes nie Magnesium chloride NTS CL rae as cveks Calcium chloride CAG SS) PO ene ee Sodium sulphate N23 Sa) seniors Magnesium sulphate so sacs Calcium sulphate (GASO Mea hen sicuels Sodium bicarbonate HINGE EOS) chic ales Magnesium bicarbonate Calcium bicarbonate 2 Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate Calcium phosphate Ferric oxide G2 atctame was Beals Alumina CAL On) one. ds Silica OPE Soa CRIN

Spring In Bowman Township, Labelle Co., Que.

This spring, the property of Mr. Eugene Lafleur, has not been visited by officers of the Department, and consequently no radioactive determinations

have been carried out. The following analysis was made of a sample

Parts per million.

eee

No. 152—1915.

collected in August, 1915.

The water is a moderately mineralized, sodic, calcic, muriated saline

water :—

Spring In Bowman Township.

Laboratory No. 152—-1915.

Bamps Comected: sees ccs August, 1915 PPEMMETA GUNG reins slic vi5 0:85 06 2

IW eee ad ac sis eae wile Small

Uy oA OS re Slightly saline. Reaction.. ie : . Alkaline Specific shatiiy he "15°C... Dink cae 1-0035.

Total inorganic matter in solution.

Per cent.

ew WONrROCOCO wn

Previous analysis.

Radioactyitye nana

POOR Emanation.

Dissolved radium. Emanation in gas evolved.

Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary, salinity...) 6.5! 48-60 Secondary salinity 49-84 Primary alkalinity — Secondary alkalinity 1-56 Analysis. Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid MGOMM ane 335-4 10.2 6:16 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) 53-1 1-6 0-78 Carbonic acid (CORE —— — Nitric acid CNOD My nl 0.7 — Nitrous acid COs) Bee C as trace ve Phosphoric acid (PO,) — Metaboric acid (BOD RED SI — — Chlorine COL) SN Ye 1,734.0 52-9 43-06 Bromine CEE) ea! Todined rents tien Lorwme erase Oxygen for Fe,O; & Al,O3 0-6 — Silica (SiO AMEE Oy, 12.1 0-4 sae Tron (Ee) oatyg eats 1-2 Aluminium CAN) Nn ly Manganese (Mn) 4 —. —— Calcium (G@aypierere in 2 396-5 12-1 17-50 Strontium (Saye cee nee trace —— Magnesium (CY ea An ea aaa 113-7 3-5 8-20 Lithium (ee ea: — Potassium CR ee een ts trace 19.3 24-30 Sodium CNA) Rus 632. Ammonium CNN! 0-18 — POL AL Ua ae Uieaa net 3,279 -48 100-0 100-00 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value. dried Atal o Cr a A 3,096: 113 -38

Gases: Carbon Dioxide COs. .

Hydrogen Sulphide HS

c.c. per litre. Parts per million,

HYPOTHETICAL COMBINATIONS. No. 152—1915.

Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite ((NEINIOS RNa Sodium nitrate (NANO) eu. ic seiaee 0-94 — Ammonium chloride NU O) eer cieroteral avai 0-54 —— Potassium iodide (KI Potassium bromide Lithium chloride Potassium chloride Sodium chloride 1,608-0 49.1 Magnesuim chloride 5-5 13-6 Calcium chloride 666-0 20-3

Sodium sulphate Magnesium sulphate CUES ON OAR manene Ltd Calcium sulphate (ESO DM ee 475-6 14-5 Sodium bicarbonate (NaHiGQs):. os. 5. siee Magnesium bicarbonate Calcium bicarbonate (CaHiCO;)s) seo aces 69-0 2-1 Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate (Ee (ELC os sac eee Calcium phosphate (Eas Nak us cee

Ferric oxide (Hie: O3) 8608s deen 1-8 Alumina CAL Os) eed: Seyeaicete Silica ESIOa) ere eis, Saltelostatauarens 12-1 0-4

Alberta

Several strongly saline springs are known in Mackenzie basin, and have been referred to in geological reports by Sir J. Richardson, Mr. R. G. Mc- Connell, and Mr. C. Camsell. They have more recently been described by Mr. L. H. Cole! who gives complete references to earlier descriptions, but no analyses have previously been made.

In 1916, Mr: Charles Camsell of the Geological Survey made an examination? of the gypsum beds exposed on the lower part of the Peace river, on Slave river and on Salt river in northern Alberta, and in the course of his work collected samples from several springs rising in that region, with the object of ascertaining the possibility of potassium salt deposits being associated with the gypsum. Of the five springs of which analyses were made, three are brines; and Mr. Camsell states his opinion that the saline constituents are derived from the solution of salt crystal disseminated through the gypsum rather than from interstratified salt beds, the more usual origin of brine springs.

1 Cole, L. H., The Salt Deposits of Canada, Mines Branch, Report No. 325, pp. 83-90, 1915. ?Camsell, Charles, Salt and Gypsum Beds of the Region between Peace and Slave Rivers, Northern Alberta. Geol. Surv., Can., Sum. Rep. 1916, p. 134,

Salt is gathered from two of the springs by the Hudson's Bay Company and by the Roman Catholic Mission. The following description! is given of the method of collection.

In each of the springs the water rises among an accumulation of boulders near the base of an escarpment and flows thence into shallow circular basins after which the water - trickles away through barren salt-encrusted clay flats to the river. On evaporation, salt is precipitated from the brine in the basins and is gathered at these points. The basins are usually about 15 or 30 feet in diameter and are in many cases surrounded by a natural dike of clay or gravel 1 to 3 feet high. The bottoms of the basins are floored with a deposit of salt of varying thickness. In other cases hillocks of salt 12 or 15 feet in diameter and up to 2 feet in height are formed at the springs.

The two other springs are much less mineralized, and different in character. That from Sulphur Point may be classified as a moderatelymineralized calcic sulphated saline (sulphuretted) water, and somewhat resembles the Banff Springs, though the percentage of sodium chloride is higher than in those waters. Sulphides are probably also present, but no quantitative determination of them was carried out. The water from Vermilion Chutes is a strongly mineralized, sodic, muriated, saline (sulphuretted) water.

HUDSON'S BAY SPRINGS. Situated at the forks of Salt River.

Sample collected August 21, 1916.

Semper acne. wets. be Bee eee 4-4°C, (40°F).

LORY Se am MNS (So A DA ag 11% gallons a minute from each of eight springs.

AEG ta Var OM Ms iss soos pare: Strongly saline and bitter.

RGACUONS eS so. cctic tee

Specific gravity at 15°C 1-204.

Dissolved radium. Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity 98-2. Secondary salinity 1-2 Primary alkalinity Secondary alkalinity

1 Geol. Sury., Can., Sum. Rep. 1916, p. 141.

Es

tion value. 9,005-1

Analysis. 3300606 sso ; Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matterin value. solution, Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid (SOD? 3,100 1.2 0-7 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs). Carbonic acid (COs)... Nitric acid (NOs)... Nitrous acid (NO2)... Phosphoric acid (PO,).¢. Metaboric acid (BO2)... Chlorine (Cle. Bromine 157,700 59-7 49 .3 Iodine (ies: Silica (SiOz)... Tron (Fe) Aluminium (Alas: Manganese (Mn)... Calcium (Ga)... 1,200 0-4 0-7 Strontium (Spe): Magnesium (Mg)... 200 0-1 0.2 Lithium (Ens...) Potassium (ED ae 500 0.2 0-1 Sodium (Na)... 101,500 38-4 49.0 Ammonium (NHa).. MLitall ise stee-tearate ere oer ot a 264, 200 100-0 100-0 Concentra-

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 245-4. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— . million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite (NaNO, ee Sodium nitrate (NANGOs) FR eee ee Ammonium chloride (NGG) eee Potassium iodide (CED Pee ae ee Potassium bromide CBE) Ue ea eas Lithium chloride (LAD POY ea a Potassium chloride (5S Gl ARTA RORY Cau) sn 900 0:3 Sodium chloride CNA CDS ay evened 258 , 000 97.7 Magnesium chloride (MgCl) seca e eas 800 0-3 Calcium chloride (Cale) Ve ae Sodium sulphate (NasSO,) ie Gee ene 400 0-1 Magnesium sulphate (MgSO, ) 0 Sone ae Calcium sulphate (CaSO Deena a Neen 4,100 1-6 Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO; nan Magnesium bicarbonate Calcium bicarbonate a eee Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate Calcium phosphate eG ees Ferric oxide C303) ois BL oe eat Alumina CAL Osi eae Scale temaete Silica (SiOs Pe ean

Mission Springs.

About six miles south of the forks cf Salt River.

Sample collected

eG ee se 6 v6 6b vd eu SVG) 0)-@) 0/6) 0119) aha? ie 6.0 6. @ 0's @ ote

REACtON ss tose. okies a 5 Specific gravity at 15°C Radioactivity

Bee) (So): 3 gallons a minute. Strongly saline and bitter.

.. Neutral. ol 202%

Emanation. Dissolved radium. Emanation in gas evolved.

Properties of reaction in per cent.

Prinvarvisalmitys 5.400 can 98-2 Secondary salinity 1-8 Primary alkalinity Secondary alkalinity Analysis. Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution, Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid (SOx). 3,100 1.2 0-7 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) Carbonic acid (E03) 22: Nitric acid CNO;). Nitrous acid (NOs)... Phosphoric acid (EOD: . Metaboric acid (BO.)... Chlorine (Gly Bromine (Be) 156,600 59.7 49.3 Iodine RD) es Silica (SiOz). Iron (Fe).. Aluminium (Al). Manganese (Mn) Calcium (Ca) 1,200 0.4 0-7 Strontium Magnesium (Mg) 200 0-1 0-2 Lithium (Li): : Potassium (Oe 400 0-1 0-1 Sodium (Na).. 100,800 38-5 49.0 Ammonium (NH,) GLAM ant. 3 Rag itvetee More os. 262 , 300 100-0 100-0 Concentration

value. 8,941-0

No. 245-3.

Hypothetical Combinations.

Constituent :—

Sodium nitrite Sodium nitrate Ammonium chloride Potassium iodide Potassium bromide Lithium chloride Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Magnesium chloride Calcium chloride Sodium sulphate Magnesium sulphate Calcium sulphate Sodium bicarbonate Magnesium bicarbonate Calcium bicarbonate Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate Calcium phosphate ' Ferric oxide Alumina

Silica

Ce a?

Total Parts per inorganic Previous million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. 256,300 97.7 4,200 1-6

Snake Mountain Springs.

About 2 miles east of Mission Springs.

4 to 5 gallons per minute. Strongly saline and bitter.

Sample) cOMemied hos ces. ass August 29, 1916. "TDOMPeCrauine ngs c. ss cely aes 4-4°C, (40°F.) PLOW er kos ck Sere

PASCO AER Rt as Bh ones oon

Reactione ss meses cee ls ce Neutral.

Specific gravity at-15°Ci 34 1-202. RACIOACENUIL Petts ie chs 2 Sos 8 Emanation.

Dissolved radium. Emanation in gas evolved.

Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity 98-2 Secondary salinity 1-8 Primary alkalinity Secondary alkalinity Analysis. Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid (SO,)2 2. 3,100 1-2 0.7 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) . H Carbonic acid (CO3) 2 Nitric acid (NOs)... Nitrous acid (NOz) .. Phosphoric acid CHOW )RE Metaboric acid (BO Chlorine (Oi ae Bromine CBE) eon 156,400 59.7 49 .3 Iodine (G0 grees Silica : (S103)... Iron Chelan: Aluminium ALA: Manganese (Mn)... Calcium (Cay a2 1,200 0-4 0-7 Strontium Magnesium (Mg)... 200 0-1 0-2 Lithium CU eee Potassium (054 end 400 0.2 0-1 Sodium (Na), 2. 100,700 38-4 49.0 Ammonium (NH,)..

POEs karte sche she ats, 6 os 262 , 000 100-0 100-0 Concentration value.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 245-5. potted SNA INS SR : ,

Total

Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— 'million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent.

Sodium nitrite NaNO,) Sodium nitrate NaNOs) Ammonium chloride (CNC Ras Potassium iodide (ED) aaarew Potassium bromide (KBr) eco. se Lithium chloride (LAGI cae : Potassium chloride G56. 6 Dh fs 800. 0-3 Sodium chloride (NaCl) sient - 256,000. 97-7 Magnesium chloride (MoCl ean. 800. 0-3 Calcium chloride (CaGi) ais, Sodium sulphate (ONERSIOANE $50 4 200. 0-1 Magnesium sulphate (MgSO,) Calcium sulphate (CASO OM ee. 4,200. 1-6

Sodium bicarbonate hale COs) er Magnesium bicarbonate eae Calcium bicarbonate . Strontium bicarbonate . Ferrous bicarbonate tes Calcium phosphate

Ferric oxide (Fe:Os) Alumina (Al,O3) he Ne eta neetente Silica (S103) Ute ge

SULPHUR POINT SPRING. Situated on the south shore of Great Slave Lake.

Laboratory No. 245-2—1916.

Sample collected August 4, 1916. TOmMiperatiitesame ak, kc ec. ae.s

HlOW Pee Me aks foes oa ais a 2 gallons a minute. Paste uh petals cities oad a4 Strongly sulphurous. Reaction .. Tee

Specific cavity att 15°C... 2 ae 1-002. RAGIOOCHIVICW Nin oS. foe ead Emanation.

Dissolved radium. Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity: 20-2 Secondary salinity 66-0 Primary alkalinity Secondary alkalinity 13-8 Analysis. Total inorganic Reacting Constituents :— Previous matter in value. analysis. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid (SQ,).. ay 1,500. 51-8 36-2 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs). tee 370- 12-8 6-9 Carbonic acid (CO eee es. —. Nitric acid (CNQ3) saci: —- Nitrous acid (NOS) Bares — Phosphoric acid (PO,) Metaboric acid (BO2) — Chlorine Chae Bromine (Br) Roem us 213 7-4 6-9 Todine ice J Silica (SiOS) ener w" -) —— Iron (Be) teres one 2: Aluminium (Ui) tees eo — Manganese (Maer coe — Calcium (C2) Sea 480 16-6 27-6 Strontium see occ: — Magnesium CS ee ee 130- 4.5 12-3 Lithium (eV ot scene Potassium WS ge trace aH Sodium (ONE hob Aa 200 - 6-9 10-1 Ammonium OSE Wgae eee — ——o— PRU EAU hes ha 7 Sey avs aes aac: os 2,893 - 100-0 100-0 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value. dried at 110°C.. aot ae 2,925. 86-c.c. per litre. Parts per million, Gases: Carbon Dioxide CO, Hydrogen Sulphide H.S 26- 42-

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 245-2. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent.

Sodium nitrite (NaNO,) Sodium nitrate 35; Ammonium chloride (NEQC) oe Potassium iodide (ID) See ae Potassium bromide (KBr) OAD Lithium chloride (TICINO oe A Potassium chloride (CIR GD eaten trace — Sodium chloride (NaCl Waren 351: 12-1 Magnesium chloride (Mela) ia. 191. 0-6 Calcium chloride (CaChy anu Sodium sulphate CNassO inne Magnesium sulphate (icSO 2 na 644. 22-3 Calcium sulphate (CaSO ere: 1,220. 42-2 Sodium bicarbonate (NaH Magnesium bicarbonate . Calcium bicarbonate . 486- 16-8 Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate . . Calcium phosphate Ferric oxide Os) ones Alumina CAILOg) Nn: Silica (S102) soe en f

Vermilion Chutes Spring.

From a bore hole 268 feet at Vermilion Chutes on Peace River.

Sample collected te a. July 13, 1916.

Lemperaturewr ena. vant... fi. Saar O242 F.)

FAOW Ai tee ee ecole 42 gallons a minute.

Masten acct eeray ois 2 sd. Saline and strongly of hy- z drogen sulphide.

Reactions. ete sss. 5

Specific:gravity at15°C 1-011.

WRATIOACHIVIY Con oe oda. 6 Le Emanation.

Dissolved radium. Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity 87-6

Secondary salinity 12-4

Primary alkalinity

Secondary alkalinity Analysis.

Constituents :—

Parts per million.

Sulpburiciacid) — (SOR ice... 100. Bicarbonic acid (HCO;) Carbonic acid (COE Nitric acid (NOS) eee. ts Nitrous acid (NOs) Reese: Phosphoric acid (PO,) Metaboric acid (BQOz) Chlorine Clee Bromine (Breen ok. 8,340: Iodine (U0 Gai sae Silica (SiOsyaee aes ss R Iron (Be) eee ya. Aluminium CAIs ee). Manganese (Mn) Calcium (Gal) ete 289 - Strontium Gah eae See Maghesium (CIE nO ee 189. Lithium [USD Ay pay? Sa Potassium MIG) ees.' 12. Sodium (Na) pc aeeta s 4,760- Ammonium SNS U ay Se ae BEGRAM Me ame ee tr te 13,690.

Total solids in solution, residue

Mee Ar LOS Cres oe ey 15,250-

c.c. per litre.

tenes

Hydrogen Sulphide H.S 250:

, Total. : inorganic Reacting matter in value. solution. Per cent. Per cent. 60-9 49 .6 . 1-4 3-2 34-8 43-6 100-0 100-0

Parts per million.

,

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 245-1. Total : Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite (NaNO) Pheer ee Sodium nitrate (NaNQOz)) Seine Ammonium chloride CNG CI) Aiea seen Potassium iodide CKD) Oe eee eee Potassium bromide (EiBr) Rania) epee Lithium chloride CACD sr ea ee : Potassium chloride GEG) 03 Orc Aaa eae ae 22 0.2 Sodium chloride (NaG) oe ee 12,100 88 -4 Magnesium chloride (MeGl) ing pee ae 739 5.4 Calcium chloride (CAC) AU Ria aaa 688 5-0 Sodium sulphate een ne eee Magnesium sulphate (MgSO): eee Lear Calcium sulphate (CaSO Ga ee ee 143 1-0 Sodium bicarbonate GQNAEL COs) ies cee Magnesium bicarbonate Calcium bicarbonate (CatHiC@s))) ene tenor Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate eee Calcium phosphate eee Ferric oxide (ies Os) i522 hens ee Alumina CAV Og) Nes Ree sae Silica ESI Os) habe aaa ee i 13 ,692 100-0

— ee —ESSSFSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

Sulphur Spring, Jasper Park, Alberta. (140)

The following analysis is a sample of water collected from a newly discovered spring in Fiddle Creek Canyon, Jasper Park, Alberta.

Only a trace of hydrogen sulphide was detected in the water, owing to the fact that three months had elapsed since the collection of the sample.

It resembles some of the Banff waters in being a calcic, sulphated, saline (sulphuretted) water.

Sulphur Spring.

Laboratory No. 140.

Reaction. .

Specific cea at 15°C. er Aa Radioactivity: 2.

eos aN May, 1915.

ber fe Fie,

eee ee

Rede Slight taste of hydrogen

Properties of reaction in per cent.

Constituents :—

Sulphuric acid (SOu) Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) Carbonic acid (COs) i Ae

Nitric acid NOs). Nitrous acid (NOz). Phosphoric acid (PO,). Metaboric acid (BOs)... Chlorine (Ci ee eras Bromine (Br) Iodine (Airs hs Oxygen for FeO; & AlOs Silica (SiO,)... Iron (Fe).. Aluminium (Al)... Manganese (Mn). Calcium (Ca) Strontium MSE) Lee Magnesium (Mg) Lithium Vy ere Potassium Eases Sodium (Na).. Ammonium (NH,) Ney a Ns Re Ae oe

Total solids in solution, residue dried at 110°C.°

Gases : Hydrogen Sulphide H:S

Carbon Dioxide CO:

sulphide. .. Alkaline. eaten Biiauation. 40 cn 28, aga : : Not Dissolved radium aE tested. Emanation in gas evolved. Primary salimtyni: 444. 26-20 Secondary salinity 18-16 Primary alkalinity Secondary alkalinity 55-64 Analysis. Total Previous inorganic Reacting analysis. matter in value. solution.

Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. 114.8 18-7 14.46 280-6 45-8 27 -82

45.0 7:3" 7.72 8-9 1.4 — 5-1 0-8 85-9 14.0 26-00 trace ss 21-8 3-5 10-90 trace — 50-0 8-1 13-10 614.3 100-00 100-00 Concentration value. 503- 16-52 c.c. per litre. Parts per million. trace. trace.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 140. a Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite (NaNOs) Mage ieee ae Sodium nitrate (Na NOs) ic ais coe Ammonium chloride (NERC) uses cenae Potassium iodide COPA RTA. hays 3g 2) Potassium bromide (KBr) Renee aes Lithium chloride (LiCl ier ia aa olarapes Potassium chloride. (C5 © b beara meant Seesit Sodium chloride (Na Gh eee Baio 82-4 Magnesium chloride (MSGI) ee ee ee Calcium chloride (CaCh Vas iene Sodium sulphate (NarSOD Ute ee 54.4 Magnesium sulphate (MeSOa ie aaa 100-0 Calcium sulphate (CaSO Gi wee eee A Sodium bicarbonate CNA COs) oni ven . Magnesium bicarbonate 13.3 Calcium bicarbonate 42: 348 -0 Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate eek Calcium phosphate an ae Ferric oxide ( RIB eis e/a! bi stole eS ets Cheek Alumina CAL OS) Ge neues Silica SIO By ei denne, Bee 8-9

The Hot Sulphur Springs At Banff, Alberta.

Seven hot springs in the neighbourhood of Banff in the Rocky Mountains National Park, form the third group of springs investigated. They were visited in November and December, 1916, when many tests were carried out—especially in connexion with other radioactive properties. As the famous Harrison Hot Springs and Halcyon Hot Springs in British Columbia have not yet been examined, the Banff Springs are the only thermal waters that have been investigated in Canada. The origin of hot springs is the subject of much discussion among geologists, even at the present day, and numerous theories have been proposed to account for the phenomena of hot springs and geysers. In the case of the Banff Springs, the explanation may most reasonably be sought in the high temperature of the earth's crust in that neighbourhood due to the tremendous stresses and strains that have been set up during the formation of the mountains.! Water in its underground circulation, over heated rock-masses, will become heated, and issue as hot springs.

1Camsell, C. The Geology of the Canadian National Parks, Dominion Parks Branch, p. 15, 1914.

('YOU aTTUI [2 eTedG) 'sSursds joy so SULMOYS 'yueg jode °7 '31

° ae

' . Beene 2%

Ser °

The radioactive determinations show the Banff Springs to be the most active of any yet examinedin Canada,although the results obtained are not as high as many of the most important European springs.

Individual descriptions of the springs follow. There is a great similarity between the waters from the various sources, as might be expected. They may all be classified as moderately mineralized, calcic, sulphated, saline (sulphuretted) waters. Save in the Basin Spring water, calcium sulphate forms about 60 per cent, magnesium sulphate 18 per cent, and calcium bicarbonate about 15 per cent cf the total solid matter in solution. The waters somewhat resemble those of the famous Bath Hot Springs in England, and would, therefore, be of similar therapeutic value. Some notes on the therapeutic properties of sulphur springs are included after the analyses, and a brief account of the way in which the Bath waters are employed in the treatment of disease.

The Upper Hot Spring.

The Upper Hot Spring rises on the northeast side of Sulphur mountain at an altitude of 5,000 feet above sea-level, and about 500 feet above the valley of the Bow river. It is therefore, the most elevated of any of the springs, and was called the Upper Hot Spring to distinguish it from those. lower down the mountain. This spring was the first to be used by invalids, who bathed in a hole dug in the ground close to the source of the water. In the early days, many a discarded crutch was to be found in the vicinity, bearing eloquent testimony of the healing powers of the hot sulphur waters.

The spring is reached to-day, by a well-made road winding up the pine covered slopes of Sulphur mountain—a pleasant three mile walk or drive from the town. Starting from Banff avenue, one crosses the Bow bridge, turns to the left along Spray avenue—the road to the Banff Springs Hotel— till a road branching off to the right is reached. This road, called Mountain avenue, is followed, winding up the mountain with many a curve and turn, passing the Club House of the Alpine Club of Canada, about a mile from the fork of the road, until the Hot Spring is reached. Rustic pavilions along the roadside afford both shade and rest. There is also a pony trail through the wood, which can be followed. The road ends at the Upper Hot Springs Bath House, but a bridle path continues for another two miles to an observatory on the summit of Sulphur mountain, 9,484 feet above sea-level.

In this building self-registering instruments record the temperature, barometric pressure, and other data which prove of great meteorological value. The instruments have to be attended to every week, and one can well imagine that the trip from the town in the depth of winter can hardly be enjoyable. The summit of Sulphur mountain is a favourite spot for all night excursions to witness the sun's rising, an experience well worth the exertion of the climb.

1Satterly and Elworthy. Mineral Springs of Canada, Pt. I—The Radioactivity of Some Canadian Springs, Mines Branch, Bul. 16, p. 39, 1917.

The Hot Springs Hotel—which is open all the year round, and Grand View Villa, a summer hotel, are both situated close to the Upper Hot Spring; the former on the north side, and the latter on higher ground on the south side of the road. The view from the site of the Upper Hot Spring looking down the valley of the Bow river is magnificent.

The spring itself rises in a bricked well about three feet square, and is the only spring source at Banff which has in any way been fixed up. The main volume of the water is carried by a pipe for about fifty feet down hill and across the road, where it runs into the swimming pool of the Upper Hot Spring bath house. Another pipe, three-fourths of a milein length, conveys the water to the Banff Springs Hotel swimming bath, and to the Brett Hospital. When the flow from the spring is at its maximum, these pipes do not carry away all the water, but an overflow runs in a stream down the hillside. The channel of this stream is lined with a yellowish, sulphurlike substance, formed by deposition of material from the water. The chief constituents of this substance are calcium carbonate or limestone, calcium sulphate or gypsum, and sulphur, together with organic material consisting of the algae, which especially abound in sulphur springs.

The swimming pool is about 20 feet wide, and 40 feet long. Although heat is lost in the passage of the water from the source into the bath, it is almost as hot as one can bear, its temperature being about 95-98°F. There are also, several private baths, in great demand, into which the hot sulphur water is run directly.

The following particulars were obtained as a result of the examination and analysis of the water from the Upper Hot Spring :—

THE UPPER HOT SPRING. ' Laboratory No. 65. "samples collected December, 1916, and January, 1917. oie (ihc) 46°C. (115°F.) MO CAS hae 26. rr 120 gallons per minute. eet ee oS ios cele ow weak Flat with slight evidence of hydrogen sulphide.

EE: ia re Specuic crayity at 15°C... . 2... 1-002. PBMUOACIVIEY fe. cee sss wie es Bigaatione tc... cee 221 units

Dissolved radium 8-5 Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primaryicalinity...0.7\.2... 2-16 Secondary salinity 83-92 J Primary alkalinity... .i

Secondary alkalinity 13-92

Constituents :—

Sulphuric acid Bicarbonic acid Carbonic acid

Nitric acid Nitrous acid

Phosphoric acid Metaboric acid

Chlorine - Bromine Iodine

Silica

Tron Aluminium Manganese Calcium Strontium Magnesium Lithium Potassium Sodium Ammonium

Total solids in solution, residue dried at 110°C

Gases :

Carbon Dioxide CO: Hydrogen Sulphide HS

By Dr. A. McGill, Ottawa, 1896.

Analysis. Total

inorganic

Previous matter in

analysis. solution.

Parts per million. Per cent. 634: 660 57-60 133. — 12-08 10 6-0 91 31. 33-0 2-82 0-01 — 239. 254 21-71 39-7 41-6 3-61 0-1 decided trace — 07 Ph 0.34 1,100-81 1,001.2 100-00

c.c. per litre.

Reacting value. Per cent.

Mtl

Concentration value.

Parts per million.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 65. a rr Tad Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :-— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite Sodium nitrate (Na NOs) 66 decks freer Ammonium chloride (ONDE AG) Wears oxo Sich 0-27 0-02 Potassium iodide (54 DRA rere e's GSA Potassium bromide cement Lithium chloride (EAC) vou i dereee 0-59 0-05 Potassium chloride ECM) ie Lucha atan omer 7-08 0-64 Sodium chloride GNACI ise eertaee 9.82 0-89 Magnesium chloride (MeCl) ic set ana Calcium chloride (GaGh) aoc. aces Sodium sulphate (NasSO2E, voce eee 4.40 0-40 Magnesium sulphate (NI gSOa) eu Witenes 196 -50 17-85 Calcium sulphate (CASO RAM panera eee: 672-20 61-07 Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO). 2. eee Magnesium bicarbonate Calcium bicarbonate (CAUSIQOM RE Ros de 165-80 15-07 Strontium bicarbonate 7-65 0-69 Ferrous bicarbonate a. emes 5-43 0-49 Calcium phosphate eee Ferric oxide (BOR otc sc.scte eaters ; Alumina (Al,O3) SAROPROIR NGI, Cup petes Silica SiO, Hees BUS eres 31-0 2-82

The Kidney Spring rises about 200 yards below the Upper Hot Spring, only a short distance from the road up the mountain side. The channel, white with precipitated lime and sulphur, can be seen on the right bank of the road just before the Upper Hot Spring is reached. In cold weather, its situation is especially made evident by the cloud of steam which ascends, and by the trees in the vicinity—white with rime.

No use is made of the water which issues from several small basins only a foot or two in diameter. The flow is comparatively small, approximately, about a thousand gallons per hour. The temperature is slightly lower than that of the Upper Hot Springs; but analysis proves the water to be almost identical in composition and properties.

The Kidney Spring.

Laboratory No. 66.

Sample collected December, 1916.

TGTIDETA CIEE Visa tel 5 leche Ses -.39-0°C. (101°F.)

PLOW Se ete noe ies waste tonal 20 gallons per minute.

Basten ee Lend be hs ne wea eae Flat with evidence of hydrogen sulphide

.

Reaction . : be

Specific cavity A "15°C. SNe 1-002

Radioactivity...) 0! . 34.5: EMANSHOR, 4...) salen IAS Dissolved radium 8:5,

Emanation in gas evolved. — Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity 1-68 Secondary salinity 81-54 Primary alkalinity — Secondary alkalinity 16-78 Analysis. Rey Total ah ; Previcus inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulpburicaciadw (SOs). a ssoeerer 587- 55-32 40-67 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) GE 14-50 8-39 Carbonic acid (COSeeeewc: — — — Nitric acid (NOs Saeco —- — —— Nitrous acid (NOs) Repo ee a — Phosphoric acid (PO,) — —— ee Metaboric acid (BOs) a — — Chlorine (ies one 10-0 0.94 0.94 Bromine (BELL tee: oe Todine 0 Rae NOS ep laes —- ae ers Daa eae See ereliete' 31-0 2-92 — ron Fe) Sea te. ath Aluminium eee 0-7 0-06 0-08 Manganese (NER ier. on: 0-01 Sa et Calcium (Ga) ee aes. 230: 21-67 38 -16 Strontium (Sk) pent aces aera ve 3-5 0-33 0-26 Magnesium (MIG) tree ae 39-0 3-67 10-66 Lithium (COD Uys a 0-1 — 0-05 Potassium GORE A 2 eae 2-0 0-19 0-17 Sodium (Naren 4.0 0-38 0-58 Ammonium (NH Pe eee 0.2 0-02 0-04 "i Bea DyO AC ye ial ho SPV Gus 1,061-5 100-00 100-00 Total solids in Solution, residue Concentradriediat 1 10°Cine aar cies 1,064-tion value. c.c. per litre Parts per million. Gases: Carbon Dioxide CO: 21-25 41-8

Hydrogen Sulphide HS... WO 2-40

Hypothetical Combinations,

No. 66. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :-— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite (NaNO;) Sodium nitrate NaNOs;) Ammonium chloride CNELGD). 6c ce: 0-59 0-06 Potassium iodide [Dye sale Baan Potassium bromide (ISB) ete ci Lithium chloride (OTC Sinan 0-59 0-06 Potassium chloride (CISC Ae 3-80 0-36 Sodium chloride INACI ee ant 10-17 0.96 Magnesium chloride UMoCh ie. ucts 1-52 0-14 Calcium chloride (GANG) ING debaeheae Sodium sulphate (Na,503) 22: .'': Magnesium sulphate CVISSO SD) cs ' 191-00 18-00 Calcium sulphate (CaSOjias. as. 615 -87 58-00 Sodium bicarbonate (INGE CO 3)... . Magnesium bicarbonate Calcium bicarbonate 196 -42 18-50 Strontium bicarbonate 8-28 0-78 Ferrous bicarbonate . . Dpaphy, 0-21 Calcium phosphate Ferric oxide CBS Os)! poke 3s Alumina (AN OH eee Silica (SHO bee ae eee 31-0 2-93 1,061 -46 100-00

The Middle Springs are untouched, and still in their natural state. In fact they are so little known, that they are seldom seen by visitors to Banff, notwithstanding their interest and magnificent situation. Considerable possibilities of their utilization exist on account of the considerable flow of water and the terraced nature of the ground in the vicinity.

They are about two miles from the Bow bridge, and are reached by a good road which branches to the right, about one mile above the bridge from Mountain avenue. The flora and fauna in the neighbourhood are of greatinterest. In the winter months of the year, deer may be encountered almost daily near the springs. The accompanying photograph (Plate VII) gives a good idea of the situation of the springs, which issue from pools in a small cave at the foot of the upper slope of Sulphur mountain. The stream of sulphur water flows from the source to a terrace where it spreads into a wide marsh before it continues its journey down the hillside to the Bow river. The view from this terrace looking down on Banff and across the valley to Cascade mountain, towering above the town, is superb— one of the finest in Banff.

The waters issue from two sources; one, in a cave, rising in a pool, the surface of which is constantly agitated by rising bubbles of gas; the other, even more voluminous, from under a large rock at the mouth of the cave. The streams join, tumbling in a steep descent, till they run a more leisurely course over the terrace and less steep slopes of the lower mountain to the river. Varieties of algae, vegetable growths, that especially abound in the waters of hot sulphur springs, coat the sides of the channels, and adorn the rocks with vari-coloured filaments. Perhaps none of the springs at Banff can compete with the gorgeous colourings of the famous paint pots of the Yellowstone National Park. The streams are usually too rapid to allow of much growth. The following observations by W. H. Weed,! writing of the algae abounding in the Yellowstone Park, apply to the Banff springs.

The general sequence of colours is well illustrated by the occurrence of such growths in overflow streams with a constant volume, such as the outlet of the Black Sand (a spring in Yellowstone Park). As the water from this spring flows along its channel it is rapidly chilled by contact with the air and by evaporation, and is soon cool enough to permit the growth of the more rudimentary forms which live at the highest temperature. These appear first in skeins of delicate white filaments which gradually change to pale flesh-pink farther downstream. As the water becomes cooler this pink becomes deeper, and a bright orange, and closely adherent fuzzy growth, rarely filamentous, appears at the border of the stream, and finally replaces the first-mentioned forms. This merges into yellowish-green which shades into a rich emerald farther down, this being the common colour of freshwater algae. In the quiet waters of the pools fed by this stream the algae present a different development, forming leathery sheets of tough gelatinous material with coralloid and vaseshaped forms rising to the surface, and often filling up a large part of the pool. Sheets of brown or green, kelly or leathery, also line the basins of warm springs whose temperature does not exceed 140°F., but in springs having a higher temperature the only vegetation present forms a velvety, golden-yellow fuzz upon the bottom and sides of the bowl. This growth is rarely noticed in springs where the water exceeds 160° except at the edge of the pool. If the basin is funnel-shaped with flaring or saucer-shaped expansion, algae grow in the cooler and shallower water of the margin, forming concentric rings of yellow, old gold, and orange, shading into salmon-red and crimson, and this to brown at the border of the spring. Around such springs the growth at the margin often forms a raised rim of spongy, stiff jelly, sometimes almost rubber-like i in consistency, and red or brown in colour.

The Middle Spring.

Laboratory No. 67.

Sample collected December, 1916.

PlOw seme a) aphaaeeae 50 gallons per minute.

AST Sieh whe aati): cowie luleoaue '., Slight taste of hydrogen sulphide.

Reactions aioe ie yy Vial omens Neutral.

Specific gravity Jui... 1-0017

Radioactivity.yhi i002 Emanation '294 ° units Dissolved radium 8:6 ,

Emanation in gas evolved.1910 ,,

1 Weed, W. H., Formation of Travertine and Siliceous Sinter by the Vegetation of Hot Springe: U. S. Geol. Surv., Ninth Ann. Rep., pp. 657-658, 1899.

Middle spring, Banff, Alberta.

Properties of reaction in per cent.

Constituents :—

Sulphuric acid

Bicarbonic acid.

Carbonic acid Nitric acid Nitrous acid Phosphoric acid Metaboric acid Chlorine Bromine

Todine

Silica

Iron Aluminium Manganese Calcium Strontium Magnesium Lithium Potassium Sodium Ammonium

Total solids in

dried at 110°C

Gases: Carbon Dioxide CO, Hydrogen Sulphide H2S...

ee

solution, residue

c.c. per litre.

Parts per million.

Primary salinity ie 2-10 Secondary salinity 83-94 Primary alkalinity — Secondary alkalinity 13-96

Analysis.

Total Previous inorganic Reacting analysis. matter in value. solution.

Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. 610. 57 -93 42.27 128. 12-16 6-98

trace wae Sas

Es 0-31 0-28

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 67. ge eet Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent.

Sey AS ee ee ae Sodium nitrite (NaNOy) Sodium nitrate (INaNQs))e soo: Ammonium chloride (NTC) ee 0-27 0-03 Potassium iodide ACS DAS Soka: Potassium bromide GOB Eure ceca Lithium chloride (uiGhe. me eccer 1-19 0-11 Potassium chloride CROCE a Re 6-26 0-59 Sodium chloride (NaC Dinvenuc aes 6-37 0-60 Magnesium chloride (MIE CL) serene Calcium chloride (GAC eu oe Sodium sulphate (NavsO4) 2. sis 2 6-46 0-61 Magnesium sulphate (icSO.) eee: 192-51 18-29 Calcium sulphate (CASOR) Per tmee 640-78 1 60-86 Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOs) Magnesium bicarbonate . . Calcium bicarbonate . 158 -66 15-07 Strontium bicarbonate 2-41 0-23 Ferrous bicarbonate 10-50 1-00 Calcium phosphate - Ferric oxide (Fe:O3) Alumina CALO3) i. eect Silica stent 27-6 2-61

The Cave and Basin Springs, within easy access of the town, are undoubtedly the best known and most popular of all the hot springs at Banff. They lie, not far apart, on the lower slope of Sulphur mountain, overlooking the Bow valley and Vermilion lake. Crossing the Bow bridge the road from Banff turns to the right and ascends the gentle slope for a mile until at the crown of the hill it emerges from the shady avenue of pine and fir, allowing full view of the splendid new swimming bath and the valley beyond. Leaving the swimming pool for further attention the first object of interest is the Cave. Discovered in the fall of 1880 by surveyors engaged in locating the track of the Canadian Pacific Railway, it has never since failed to attract attention and interest. The Cave is nearly circular in shape, about 40 feet diameter, and 20 feet high. A pool of bubbling, seething water, four to five feet deep, forms the greater part of the floor, and is roughly in the shape of a horseshoe, about 30 feet across at its widest diameter. Entrance to the cave is obtained through the southeast belvedere of the new bath house, by means of a well-lit tunnel, 30 feet long; at the end of the passage a flight of a few steps leads to the plat-

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form at the side of the pool. A hole in the roof of the cave, through which the early explorers gained entrance, affords a dim illumination as well as an outlet for the steam and gases rising from the pool. Itis said that the walls of the cave were originally covered with stalactites of several feet in length, the icicle-like crystals formed by the drip of water depositing calcium carbonate, but these have long since been carried away. At present, the walls are coated with a crystalline deposit, chiefly composed of calcium sulphate or gypsum formed by the constant evaporation of water containing calcium sulphate in solution on the sides and roof of the cave.

The walls are irregular in shape, and with the obscure lighting, constitute a wonderful field for the imagination to picture almost any fancy, an art the late Mr. Galatly—the popular old Scotch guide to the Cave— possessed to the utmost. His-lectures on the Cave had become almost as famous as the Cave itself.

The floor of the pool is covered with black sand, consisting of quartz, limestone, and hornblende, and the various sources of the water, swirling and bubbling up through the quicksand, can easily be made out. Gas bubbles, rising throughout the pool, agitate the waters every few seconds.

The temperature of the water of the pool is lower than that of the other hot springs, being 85°F., while that of the Basin is about 95°. A considerable influx of colder water drips down at the back of the Cave pool, cooling it and lowering its content of dissolved matter.

The flow from the pool is very great, being almost 300 gallons per minute. The water runs off from the pool down the tunnel, continually renewing the water of the swimming bath just outside.

The following particulars were obtained as a result of examination of the water of the Cave Spring:—

THE CAVE SPRING. Laboratory No. 68.

Sample collected January, 1917.

SROMIDEEATUGO NGG oc... xe le eee 29-5°C. (85°F.)

ULV 65h Tes Be, io.c Bee 250 gallons per minute.

UES ai) rae Flat, with trace of hydrogen sulphide.

Cryst 2

Ppecific gravity at 15°C : 1-002

Radioactivity PRUE 3: Po eie WANG pir 515 vise glial g 470 units Dissolved radium 3.5.5

Emanation in gas evolved.3340 ,, Properties of reaction in per cent.

Secondary salinity 81-54

Primary alkalinity —

Secondary alkalinity: 15-68

Analysis.

Total Previous 'inorganic Reacting Constituents :-— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent.

Sulphuric acid (SO,). 580 56 -43 41.20 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) 140 13-62 7-84 Carbonic acid (COs). ae ae — Nitric acid (NOs). ee —— Nitrous acid (NOz). trace se —— Phosphoric acid (PO,). sa —— Metaboric acid (BO2). — — — Chlorine CC) 10-0 0-97 0-96 Bromine (Br). nae — ——— Iodine CH) — cae —

Silica Sao ' 23-4 2.28

Aluminium (Al).. 1-6 0-15 0-19 Manganese (Mn) 0-01 a —. Calcium (Ca) 217- 21-11 36-95 Strontium (Sry urn 6-0 0:58 0-47 Magnesium (Mg) 39.2 3-81 11-00 Lithium (Liye 0.2 0-02 0-09 Potassium (Ki 4.5 0-44 0-39 Sodium (Na).. 6-0 0-58 0-89 Ammonium (NH,). 0-1 0-01 0-02 BROLAL RG ae iegiv een ton eRe 1,028-0 100-00 100-00 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value. drediat 110°C uae a ci 1,017 29 -31

Gases :

Carbon Dioxide COz Hydrogen Sulphide H,S.

c.c. per litre.

Parts per million.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 68. Total Parts per inorganic 'Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent.

Sodium nitrite (NaNOD) so in een Sodium nitrate (Na NO3)) 132 Lee Ammonium chloride (UN TIGGC)) 3... 55.5 Sea 0-27 0-03 Potassium iodide (URC Re ey A Pee ath. Sica? Potassium bromide EBT) '.).09 ah es ae Lithium chloride (EON meee elec i ot 1.19 0-11 Potassium chloride IROL) Fic 8-57 0-83 Sodium chloride EN G1) old Se reek Share 7-83 0-76 Magnesium chloride CISCI iyo. eee Calcium chloride (CAG) Sve as Oe Ree Sodium sulphate CINERSO ee EA oe 9.02 0.88 Magnesium sulphate OVigSO3). bcc eee 194.11 18-87 Calcium sulphate (CaASOa) ES ees 593 -84 57-77 Sodium bicarbonate GNATHICOs bic ts aeeeee Magnesium bicarbonate Calcium bicarbonate 25 dae 170-57 16-59 Strontium bicarbonate 14.46 1.41 Ferrous bicarbonate 00 acne 4-80 0.46 Calcium phosphate ae Ferric oxide (o1 OU sett Alumina CAC OR) eC od ae Silica GiO es 23-40 2-28

At the opposite end of the swimming pool from the Cave is the Basin, a pool of water about 25 feet wide, and 40 feet long, overhung on one side by a wall of rock, and on the other enclosed by the old bathing pavilion. Steps lead down into the pool, which is divided by means of a rope, the left and deeper side being from five to eight feet in depth. The floor of the Basin is thick with black sand, distributed in several places by the strong influx of hot water bubbling up from below. As in the Cave pool, gas bubbles continually rise from the ever-moving sand floor, only to burst at the surface. The overflow, nearly as great as from the Cave spring, flows into the new swimming pool and old bath, at the opposite end of the basin, that was used previous to the completion of the present magnificent bath.

The water is at a temperature of 94°F., warm enough to be comfortable even on the coldest day. Bathing is enjoyed in the Basin the year round, even when there is snow to the depth 'of several feet and icicles hang from every rock and ledge. The experience of such a bathe is unique.

The water of the Basin Spring was found to contain a larger proportion of constituents than the other springs, and approximates, closely, to the water of the King's Spring, Bath, in its composition.

The following particulars were obtained on examination :— THE BASIN SPRING. Laboratory No. 69.

Sample collected January, 1916.

POW ree er ast Lee Re eae che ihe 150 gallons per minute.

PA SUG. hie Go aahiislae s Pint eletac, ae Flat, with evidence of hydrogen sulphide

.

SROACHION Vs ss wine witeeh tae bee

Speen. gravity at Lows. na. ous 1-0026

BR OdtOaCUVITY.. wu k sis elo nee PETE PEL Se) Oss) 232 units Dissolved radium StS.

, Emanation in gas evolved. 2370 Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary sanity... . ..a.4 1-50 Secondary salinity 87-64 Primary alkalinity — Secondary alkalinity 10-86

"

Analysis. Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid (SO,) 1,120.00 61-28 44.09 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) 175 9-58 5.43 Carbonic acid (COs). —— —— Nitric acid (NOs). trace — oe Nitrous acid (NO2). —— oo Phosphoric acid (PO,) — —. — Metaboric acid (BO2). —- — a Chlorine (EDs. 9.0 0.49 0-48 Bromine (Br). sa — aa Iodine (Ui) easrees ——: — — ae ae 31. 1-70 ron e)..

Aluminium (Al). 4-0 0-22 0-17 Manganese (Mn) —— — — Calcium (Ca) 400 21-88 37-70 Strontium (Sr) 4; 8-0 0.44 0-35 Magnesium (Mg) 71-0 3-88 11-03 Lithium (Tye. 0-4 a 0-03 Potassium CES) FoR: 3-3 0-18 0-16 Sodium (Na).. 6-3 0-33 0-52 Ammonium (NH,). 0-4 0-02 0-04

Total... 37 ee ee 1,828-1 100-00 100-00

Total solids in solution, residue driediat 1103@aeeees 1,905

Gases :

Carbon Dioxide COy Hydrogen Sulphide H,S.

c.c. per litre.

Parts per million.

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 69. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent.

Sodium nitrite CNaNOs) seg eee eaul Sodium nitrate INGIN@ aie sia eeconlen. trace Ammonium chloride CN CO rain 1-18 0-06 Potassium iodide TINS vee CORN Se aoa oe Potassium bromide (CECB Ey Aaa SIN aU oR ie Lithium chloride (CEiGT) A ian . 0-59 0-03 Potassium chloride CECE RAND Mie 6:26 0-34 ; Sodium chloride (NaCI) Se eee ah Ga 7-83 0-43 Magnesium chloride (MSE CE a Tena i etnn Calcium chloride (Cah nine Leer Sodium sulphate CNAaSSOM aap ene 9-94 0-54 Magnesium sulphate (MgSO aa Ns 351-63 19.24 Calcium sulphate CCASO Dye Pow Nau n aR 1,180-10 64-57 Sodium bicarbonate (NAR GON Magnesium bicarbonate Calcium bicarbonate Me ue 212-22 11-61 Strontium bicarbonate 19-18 1-05 Ferrous bicarbonate a) ou cries. 8-10 0-43 Calcium phosphate aah ni ae Ferric oxide ee Oa) Macey) Gh epone UE Alumina CAB Os eye Roan wd Bene Silica CSI ey sey NIRA EE 31-0 1-70

Gases Evolved From The Basin Pool.

A considerable quantity of gas bubbles up in the Basin; the amount, it is said, is dependent to some extent on the barometric pressure.

The gas was found to be radioactive, that is containing radium emanation. The value for its radioactivity obtained was 2,370 units. Analysis of the gas showed it to be mainly composed of nitrogen, about 98%; while the remaining constituents were carbon dioxide, methane, oxygen, and a trace of hydrogen. On account of the large percentage of nitrogen and its radioactive character it seemed of interest to examine it for the presence of the rare gases of the atmosphere, especially for helium, which being one of the products of radioactive decomposition, is almost certain to be present.

As a result of tests it was proved that about 1-3% of the nitrogen was argon, the first of the rare gases of the atmosphere—in which it occurs to the extent of 0-93 volumes per hundred volumes of air—to be discovered by Sir William Ramsay and Lord Rayleigh in 1894. A trace of helium was also detected in the gas.

The complete analysis of the gases from the Basin, the Cave, and the Middle Springs, is given below, together with an analysis of the gas from the King's Well, Bath, particulars of which have already been stated :—

"eLIoq¢y 'yueg 'uieg SUIWUUIMG JUSTUUIDAOL)

Middle. Cave. Basin. King's Well, Bath. 0 % 0 0 Methane, 25 se temmRr ema 0-15 0-11 0-19 — Uiiydrogen: (ices acne) 0-07 0.09 0-04 —. Oxy gen) jeer pean 0-81 0-45 0-50 —. Carbonidiomdernes se 1-18 1-11 1-34 3-60 INitrogehapaien ome te) 96-68 95-45 97-79 98 -24 Argon and helium 1.25 0-95

A study of the composition of these gases leads to the conclusion that their origin is the dissolved air of the rain and snow water which supplies the springs. The oxygen of this dissolved air, during the underground passage of the water, is used up in chemical processes such as the oxidation of iron pyrites and of organic matter with which it comes in contact. Nitrogen being chemically inactive passes on unaffected, and thus becomes relatively more concentrated in the gases which finally emerge. The greater argon nitrogen ratio of the gas compared to the proportion in which they exist in the atmosphere is owing to the greater solubility of argon in water. Air dissolved in rain water contains a greater percentage of argon than the free air. Argon, like nitrogen, is inert, and passes through its subterranean journey without change.

The Cave And Basin Swimming Bath.

In 1914, a magnificent swimming pool was completed by the Rocky Mountains National Park authorities. The bath is 35 feet wide by 150 feet long, and is the largest of its kind in Canada. The depth increases gradually from 3 to 8 feet. The pool itself has no roof, and the longer side, overlooking the valley, is formed by massive plate-glass windows, allowing full view of the snow-capped mountains beyond. Two terraces run the full length of the opposite side, under which are the numerous dressing rooms, equipped with the latest sanitary arrangements. At the east end of the pool, a sun room affords a pleasant resting place after the exertions of the bath. The old bath house of the Basin pool encloses the opposite end of the bath.

The water of the bath, at a temperature of 90°F. and of varying hue, from a milky sapphire blue to a deep emerald green, constantly renewed by the overflows from the Cave and the Basin Springs is most inviting. The bath is said to be one of the finest in America, and it is certain that no swimming pool could have more picturesque surroundings.

WARM SPRING ON AUTOMOBILE ROAD. (70) Two other springs exist within a short distance of Banff, which have also been examined. One of these, a sulphur spring, rises close to the shore of

Vermilion lake on the side of the automobile road, three miles out of Banff. Its flow is not large, and its temperature as well as its compositon are lowered by the influx of colder surface water. It rises in a small pool, and spreads out into a wide marsh, seldom freezing over even in the coldest weather. On this account it proves an attractive watering place for animals. During the winter months mountain sheep may constantly be seen in its vicinity. Particulars of the examination made upon it are as follows:—

WARM SPRING ON AUTOMOBILE ROAD. Laboratory No. 790.

Sample collected December, 1916.

Mempe;rature?, yon wins hwo oe han 19-4°C, (67°F.)

POWs ote ch meee be oie 50 gallons per minute.

ELAS LE ek pute OPENER o's se Piers Flat with slight indication of hydrogen

sulphide.

BRGOCTION ; Cys ER Goon a tock Alkaline.

Specific gravity at 15°C :.. 1-0015

RN AGIOACUIVICY Se rite cd Gious, bos oA ss so se oe 640 units. Dissolved radium oe a4 a

Emanation in gas evolved. Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primaryicalinity s0. 1-94

Secondary salinity 60-70

Primary alkalinity —-

Secondary alkalinity 37-36

Analysis. Total Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. solution. Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Se ee

Sulphuric acid) .- 147-5 30-79 22-62 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) 155- 32-37 18 -68 Carbonic acid (EO rere cies, + — ae Nitric acid CNO3) ees asia: trace SS —— Nitrous acid CNQD) Bee. — — Phosphoric acid) (BO,)n — — Metaboric acid (BO:2) trace — — Chlorine (Cl) 66 3 RCI 42-0 8-77 8-70 Bromine EST tele ttis eictaie.s 3 a — Todine Ciaareress ss - a j —

vices eae s0 CRG ECE 12-4 2-59 ron He) retary as 2. Aluminium (Ales ess 0-7 0-14 0-18 Manganese (OMIT) lee eeae —- — — Calcium (Canes sce... 95-0 19 .83 34-92 Strontium (3). ole Cae trace —— —— Magnesium (OED) 5 sic eee 23-0 4.80 13-93 Lithium (ion) es 0-05 se Potassium CEO Aesg sts 1-1 0.23 0.21 Sodium (UNES)|..5 Ga ene 2-0 0-42 0-64 Ammonium ONS )ahae eae 0:3 0-06 0-12 Totals: s.).\tleereerterel oes: 6% 479 -05 100-00 100-00 Total solids in solution, residue Concentradried' at. 110°C. pete s+! 434 tion value. ' 13 -60 c.c. per litre. Parts per million. Gases: Carbon Dioxide COz2 5-0 9-8

Hydrogen Sulphide H2S 0-4 0-63

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 70. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— ; million. matter in analysis, solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite (NaNO,) Sodium nitrate (NaNOs) trace Ammonium chloride (NEC) aia 0-86 0-18 Potassium iodide CRT ee eta a ' Potassium bromide (Br) asi isn Lithium chloride (LEIGD) Vane ns 0-30 0-06 Potassium chloride (KODA ae 2-09 0.44 Sodium chloride (NaCI amin tn 5-09 1-06 Magnesium chloride (Gi fe BIAS 49.76 10-39 Calcium chloride (CAG yy ean Sodium sulphate (NasSOg) enna Magnesium sulphate (MeSO2 Ea 50-98 10-64 Calcium sulphate (CaSO rane 151-73 31-66 Sodium bicarbonate (NAH EO uke Magnesium bicarbonate . Calcium bicarbonate . 203-79 42-52 Strontium bicarbonate (Sr Ferrous bicarbonate 2-23 0-46 Calcium phosphate Ferric oxide (FeeQ3) Alumina CNG CAD aR Silica KSI) ieneenciod 12.4 2-59 479 23 100-00

It is readily seen by the analysis, that this water resembles, to some extent, the other waters in composition; but it is less concentrated, and contains a relatively greater amount of calcium bicarbonate, accounting for the higher secondary alkalinity.

The radioactivity is comparatively high, but such surface laters often contain relatively large amounts of emanation.

This spring, rises about fifty yards up the mountain side at the back of the club house of the Alpine Club of Canada, on Mountain avenue. The water is piped down to the house, but the pipe was disconnected in the winter time when the spring was examined.

The flow was then about 150 gallons per hour. There was no taste of hydrogen sulphide gas, and the temperature of the water was that of an ordinary cold spring. The spring is probably of shallow or surface origin, and like many springs of that nature, possesses a comparatively high temporary radioactivity, but no trace of dissolved radium.

The particulars are as follows:—

Alpine Club Spring.

Laboratory No. 71. Sample collected

December, 1916.

Specific gravity at 15°C Radioactivity

7°C. (44°F) 20-30 gallons per minute. Fresh.

Oe eh wie a's

Emanation in gas evolved.

Properties of reaction in per cent.

Primary salinity 96- Secondary salinity 38-2 Primary alkalinity. putin Secondary alkalinity 52-2 Analysis. Previous inorganic Reacting Constituents :— analysis. matter in value. : solution, Parts per million. Per cent. Per cent. Sulphuric acid 153. 30-22 23123 Bicarbonic acid (HCO;) 218. 43-05 26-1 Carbonic acid B0)))\ ae — — ——s Nitric acid Os) inet. — a ae Nitrous acid (NOR. 2. — — — Phosphoric acid (PO,) — —— — Metaboric acid ~(BO3) — cana Taree Chlorine (Chae. 2-5 0.49 0-6 Bromine (Br) erpwos ae SE acer Iodine Cte oS Sata asa Silica aD C3/p CloC eee 12-6 2-49 Iron ec Se ae Athair Li ae ie O28 oe Manganese (Mn) ee — —- — Calcium (Caper. 75- 14-81 27-5 Strontium (Seer ss: trace — SS Magnesium (Mg) 29. 5-73 17-4 Lithium (OS ae oats SORT: aT Potassium (30a). Sodium (ae te: se ea Ammonium (NH,). soe 0-1 0-01 Rotalo. Vou a ee. 506 -4 100-00 100-0 Concentra- Total solids in solution, residue tion value. GriedyatyilOcCunys wren 441 — 13-6 c.c. per litre. Parts per million. Gases: Carbon Dioxide COy 12-6 24.7

Hydrogen Sulphide H.S

Hypothetical Combinations.

No. 71. Total Parts per inorganic Previous Constituent :— million. matter in analysis. solution. Per cent. Sodium nitrite WNaNG aoe. Sodium nitrate (NaNQs) Ammonium chloride sea: 0-26 0-05 Potassium iodide (KDR eee - Potassium bromide (Bre eae Lithium chloride (LAGI eie ise me Potassium chloride CRG) eaten Sodium chloride (Na Ch een coen ee 3-80 0-75 Magnesium chloride (MeCh aie Calcium chloride (CAC AAT a Sodium sulphate (Na2SO,.) 42-00 8-29 Magnesium sulphate (MieSO.)ne nee 143 -50 28 -34 Calcium sulphate (CaSO2) ya 14-56 2-87 Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOs) Magnesium bicarbonate . f Calcium bicarbonate . 286 -20 56-52 Strontium bicarbonate Ferrous bicarbonate ° 3-47 0-68 Calcium phosphate Ferric oxide Cas) But eieane Alumina CAO is. ae Silica (SiOa) Boss wen ee 12-6 2-49 506 -39 100-00

The Resemblance Between The Banff And The Bath Hot Springs.

The most interesting comparison is to be made between the waters at Banff, Canada, and the hot springs at Bath, England—the famous spa that dates its foundation from the Roman occupation of Britain.

Especially during the eighteenth century, Bath flourished, when it was the most fashionable resort of society in England, and the centre of attraction for all the famous people of the period.

In recent years the springs have been the subject of examination by several prominent scientists, especially by the late Sir William Ramsay, who directed attention to their radioactive properties, and to their value on that account.

They were shown to be the richest in radium and radium emanation of any spring in Great Britain, and no expense has been spared in developing the springs to the fullest extent that they might successfully compete with the continental spas.

There are three springs at Bath, all of similar composition. The temperature of the hottest is 120°F., slightly higher than that of the Upper Hot Spring at Banff. Each spring is enclosed by bath houses and pump rooms; buildings dating from the eighteenth century; a great contrast to

the wild and natural surroundings of the Banff Springs. Buta comparative study of the constituents of the waters, reveals the similarity between the springs, the chief substances present in both waters being calcium salts. Slightly more sodium and iron exist in the Bath waters, and the concentration of all the constituents is a little greater than in all the Banff waters, save the Basin Spring.

The gases evolved from the Bath Springs have been investigated by Professor Sir James Dewar, who demonstrated the presence of argon helium, krypton, and xenon—the rare gases of the atmosphere, in them; and later by Sir William Ramsay, who showed their high radioactivity. The composition of the Banff gases is almost similar, as the analyses on page 143 show. Therefore, all that applies to the thermal waters of Bath is equally true of the Banff waters,

Value Of The Sulphur Springs At Banff.

The value of the sulphur springs at Banff may be estimated from two points of view. They serve as an added attraction for the tourists who come to Banff from all quarters of the globe, as the hotel lists strikingly testify, and it is mainly with this in view that recent improvements in connexion with the springs have been carried out. No finer bathing establishments exist on the continent—one might almost say in the world—than the Cave and Basin pools, and the swimming baths at the Banff Springs Hotel, surrounded as they are by gigantic peaks and snow-capped mountains, and fed by continual streams of warm sulphur water.

But they may also be considered from the medicinal standpoint, especially in the light of the recent knowledge of their radioactive properties. The well known therapeutic value of the sulphur waters, together with the bracing climate of the mountains, combine to make Banff one of the finest health resorts in America.

The Therapeutics Of Sulphur Spring Waters.

A brief outline of the therapeutic value of certain waters, due to their radioactive properties, has already been given, and, therefore, this aspect will not be further treated. The following remarks, however, on the use of sulphur waters in the treatment of disease are taken from various authors of works! on mineral springs. The chief ailments in which such waters have proved efficacious are diseases of the skin, gout, chronic rheumatism, for the treatment of stiff joints, and gunshot wounds, and in poisoning by metals.

There is, of course, no doubt that the drinking of larger quantities of water than usual has considerable beneficial effects in washing out the

1The Hot Springs of Bath, compiled by John Hatton, Director of the Baths. Deutsches Baderbuch.

The Principles and Practice of Medical Hydrology, Fortesque Fox, 1913.

Mineral Waters of the United States and their Therapeutic Uses, J. K. Crook, 1899.

alimentary canal, and in the dilution of the secretions of the liver and kidneys.

In the drink cure with a sulphur spring water, it seems to be of no importance whether sulphur is contained in the form of free hydrogen sulphide or of sulphides. (In the Banff waters it occurs as hydrogen sulphide). In both cases, sulphur is absorbed from the stomach and intestines. In the use of water for baths, it is assumed that hydrogen sulphide enters into the body through the skin. In the blood iron sulphide will be formed through the iron of the blood, and consequently a normal reformation of blood globules will be quickened and assimilation stimulated. At the same time, a strong influence takes place upon the liver, the bile secretion being greatly increased.

It is probable that mineral nutriment can be given to the system by the other usual constituents of sulphur waters, such as calcium salts and silica. From 100 to 1,000 c.c., (up to two pints) of water is the usual amount drunk daily at continental spas, taken cold or warm, sometimes with hot milk. Baths are taken at a temperature of 90°F. to 98°F., and of different duration; between 10 and 40 minutes. Prolonged baths for three hours, as are usual at some health resorts in Switzerland, are not given in Germany, although it is said they have an antimicrobic effect, and so prolonged sulphur baths have had a high reputation for ages as a valuable remedy for wounds.

The Therapeutic Use Of The Hot Springs At Bath.

Attention has already been drawn to the similarity of the Bath and the Banff waters, and, therefore, the observations that have been made on the value and use of the Bath hot spring waters apply equally to Banff. The following extract is from a report on the springs, published by '""The Lancet"' , —the chief British medical journal :—

The thermal waters of Bath exert a distinct solvent action on uric acid. In our experiments, for example, it was shown that Bath water dissolved over five times the amount of uric acid that distilled water would similarly take up at blood heat, i.e., just under 100°F. Since the waters are drunk hot and used hot for bathing purposes, this fact may have an important relation to the therapeutics of Bath waters in the treatment of chronic gouty affections and rheumatism.

It has been pointed out by Dr. Luff! that, owing to the undoubted fact that sodium salts are directly detrimental to the removal of gouty deposits, those springs should be avoided which owe their activity to those salts when the removal of the deposits is the main object to be attained. The springs which contain no sodium salts or traces only are the ones suitable for such cases.

Bath waters have a comparatively low sodium content, and in the Banff waters, sodium is yet less in amount. The inference is simple.

1 Gout, Its Pathology and Treatment.

Bath waters are utilized in all manner of baths and douches: deep baths, holding 800 to 900 gallons of water; reclining baths; various forms of continental douches; and vapour baths; besides large swimming baths.

In the Grand Pump Room, reminiscent of the historic days of the eighteenth century, drinking water is served from a many sprayed fountain, supplied direct from the King's spring. During the summer season, water is served from the Colonnade fountain, in the Institution gardens.

The Radium Inhalatorium contains apparatus by which the radioactive water, atomized by steam, air, or even by the natural radioactive gases themselves, can be inhaled. Other forms enable nasal sprays and douches, ear and eye douches to be similarly given.

All these ways of using the hot sulphur waters can be equally well adopted at Banff when the demand arises.

In a young country like Canada, no leisured class yet exists, from which the clientele of a spa is naturally drawn; and future developments at Banff will cater more to the tourist than to the invalid. There are great possibilities for Banff as a health resort, however, especially when normal conditions obtain.

With suitable facilities for comfortable and rapid travelling, many wealthy tourists and seekers after health may be attracted from the allied countries of Europe to Banff, when they seek for substitutes for the spas of Germany and Austria. The future of Banff is fraught with great possibilities.

The Relation Of The Chemical Constituents To Geologic Formations.

The constituents of a mineral water depend on the nature of the rocks over which it has passed in its underground passage, and therefore, some similarity would be anticipated between the substances present in the water and the constituents of the rocks. But the reactions that take place when water from one formation penetrates rocks of different composition, are complex, and can only be studied in individual cases.

F, W. Clarke! states :—

It is exceedingly difficult to generalize on relations between the composition of a water and its geologic history. Reactions which take place deep within the earth cannot easily be traced, especially as a water may undergo various modifications before it reaches the surface. A spring may be a blend from different sources—either a direct mixture or a solution from which ingredients have been removed—and it is only in specific cases that an interpretation of the phenomena can be found.

Several broad generalizations, however, may be stated. Waters from sedimentary formations are usually more concentrated, and contain a greater number of constituents, than waters issuing from igneous formations

.

1F. W. Clarke, Data of Geochemistry, Bul. 491, 2nd edition, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1911, p. 200.

Primary and secondary salinity are the principal properties possessed by waters from limestone strata, that is, sodium, calcium and magnesium salts of the strong acids, hydrochloric and sulphuric, predominate; while in waters from argillaceous strata, bicarbonates of the alkalies and the alkali earths—resulting in the properties primary and secondary alkalinity— are found in greater quantity.

Most of the waters treated in this report are situated in the great paleozoic plain, forming the basin of the St. Lawrence and the Lower Ottawa Valley. They especially occur in the more distributed eastern region. Fewer springs exist in the less disturbed western area; those at St. Catharines, Preston, and Hallowell, being the chief.

Dr. Sterry Hunt exhaustively studied the origin of many of the eastern waters, as outlined in the chapter on mineral springs in ''The Geology of Canada," 1863; and as developed more extensively in a series of essays, entitled Chemical and Geological Essays. (Scientific Publishing Company, New York, 1897). Consideration of the recent analyses amply confirms his statements and opinions.

The chief formations of the Upper Cambrian and the Ordovician underlying the St. Lawrence plain are the following, in descending order :—

Lorraine or Hudson River: slightly bituminous sandy shales and thinly bedded limestones.

Utica shale: thinly laminated, black and brownish shales.

Trenton group: dark grey limestones, with some argillaceous material.

Chazy limestone: grey, semi-crystalline limestone, with interstratified, shaly layers.

Beekmantown or Calciferous sand rock: greyish, semi-crystalline dolomite, generally arenaceous, and sometimes argillaceous.

Potsdam: largely evenly stratified, fine grained quartzose sandstone.

Extended descriptions of these formations are given in '"The Geology of Canada"' 1863, chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 13, and in other reports! issued by the Geological Survey, since that date.

Dr. Sterry Hunt shows that the normal reaction of surface water in argillaceous strata will be conducive to the retention of principally alkali and alkali-earth carbonates in the water, while the source of the neutral salts which consist of alkaline and alkaline-earth chlorides is the limestone and other strata from the Potsdam to the Trenton. He supposes that most of the mineral springs are combinations of the two classes of water, and proposes a classification? based on this assumption, which is quite satisfactory from a geochemical standpoint. Springs are often found rising in

1 Ells, R. W., Report on a portion of the Province of Quebec, comprised in the southwest sheet of the Eastern Townships. Geol. Surv. Can., Vol. VII, 1896, pp. 44-50, 74-75, 85-86.

Ells, R. W., Report on the Geology of a portion of Eastern Ontario, Ann. Rep., Vol. XIV, Part J, 1904.

Adams, F. D., and LeRoy, O. E. The Artesian and other deep wells on the Island of Montreal. Part O, Ann. Rep., Vol. XIV, 1904, pp. 19-22.

*Sterry Hunt, Chemical and Geological Essays, p. 114.

close proximity, and yet showing great difference in composition. This is explained by the fact that while perhaps only a few feet apart, they rise from different strata, or more often are mixtures of waters from the different formations. The group at Caledonia Springs where a sulphur and a saline spring rise close together, affords an illustration. The springs at Carlsbad Springs offer another and even more striking example. The Magi water, from a considerable depth, is strongly saline, while twenty yards away, the Soda spring issues, quite different in composition and character. The Sulphur and Lithia are intermediate in character and properties, and undoubtedly are blends of the saline and the alkaline water.

The following table gives the probable geologic formation from which the various waters issue, and also includes their classification according to Chase Palmer's method. Class I contains alkaline and alkaline-saline waters; Class III saline waters. No other types were found, though several are on the border line of I, being more nearly saline than alkaline-saline. According to the generalization just put forward, waters rising from Hudson River or Utica shales should all fall into Class I, while those issuing from limestones should be saline or Class III waters. This holds for the springs rising from the shales, but there are many exceptions in the case of waters having their origin in the Trenton limestones.

Hudson River or Utica Shale. Limestone. Classi- Classi- No. Spring. fication. No. Spring. fication.! 19) |\Garlsbad: Sodamnmpes on..:.. I OmlBorthwicle ves ercean tl eel III 1 ; ulphuceeey ..:..!: I ES DWominionasiyies., pets sae III 20 3 IDEN Es. a ee I LAT Sanitatis'\.s.tieee oak oeiae o. I 16 AQIC WPI cles Ill 26 |Caledonia Sulphur q Ae NRuissellithiaeeeree 5... I 25 é Salineay were cnt: I Adanace ay atte cea... UI 27 " Gasca eer ee I 44 |Abenakis West House Il] 28 Puncantneaie ee. I 45 fs East House Ill 29 ' Artesian Sulphur. . I 485 |Varetines nee... 5. I Slaliantagenet.) whaw asia a on Ill 49) \Richelieunsar semen 5: I 33 |Gurd's more Saline III 34) [StLeon (Old) seem os... III 34 |Gurd's less Saline I mee... ..; Ill Aon IN iativallen eee ere I 55 |St. Hyacinthe, Philudor I 36 |Laurentian Spring I 56 |St. Hyacinthe, La Providence I S2alRadnormyac:... tern tenia. eon Ill Ris) SVS AOR Woh. on lil SOT ISEy Genevieve. ieee a. Ill 50) i Bluebonnets )265 I O24 Bertier er 0. .crieat Gata cits I ZOn Sie bruno pees os... + I Gd a SE Beno yc. 202, ees oasdersces III 03: |Maskinonge. 9-545 ) ; I 65 |Banff, Upper Hot Spring. III 66 Kidney Le eee III 67 Middle nah OR III 68 mW Cave 7 Se Ill 69 basin 1S eee Ill 70 ELOULOMROaAd) jinn fe). : Ill 71 EAlpine Club: eas. 2 Ill

1 According to Chase Palmer's method.

Although it is conjectured that the Trenton formation was put down under long-continued and oceanic conditions, it contains a considerable amount of argillaceous material, in many cases even forming thin layers. These strata would be less permeable to water than limestone, and thus would react relatively longer with the circulating water than the limestone. Therefore such a cause might be put forward to account for the frequent addition of alkaline constituents to an otherwise saline water.

Relations between radioactivity and geologic formation have been sought for, but as the waters principally issue from two sedimentary formations, the Utica shale or Trenton limestone, both of which have a very small and similar radium content—Professor A. S. Eve! of McGill University found 0-92 units radium per gram of rock for the Trenton limestone in the neighbourhood of Montreal—little radioactivity would be expected. It has been shown? that the most radioactive waters rise from primary formations.

The Therapeutic Value Of Mineral Springs.

From the earliest times mineral springs have been known for their curative properties. Greek and Roman literature contains many references to the value and use of such springs, and at no time in history have mineral waters been held in such high repute as they were in the days of the Roman Empire. Remains of magnificent baths built by the Roman invaders are found to-day at many of the principal mineral spring resorts in Europe, and are eloquent proof of their habitual use of such waters as remedial agents.

Almost every mineral spring of note is the subject of innumerable legends and tales, telling of its discovery by wandering hunters or Indians, and relating the miraculous restoration to health of all invalids carried to the source to be cured by its healing waters.

The beneficial effects of mineral waters, however, have been much overrated in the past, though nowadays there is, perhaps, a tendency to minimize their therapeutic value; a reaction in this scientific age against the atmosphere of quackery so often surrounding mineral spring resorts. The mineral constituents of spring waters are often accredited with the sole responsibility, when the beneficial effects contributing to speedy restoration to health have been due to other potent influences. Change of air, of scenery, of climate, of habits, of diet, and especially stimulated autosuggestion, play a not inconsiderable part in the work of recovery; potent influences that have received too little attention in the past.

One of the chief curative agencies of mineral waters is, undoubtedly, the water itself. A greatly increased amount of water is imbibed by the patient at a spring resort; an action itself attended by good results. Itisa

1Eve, A. S. Phil. Mag., Aug., p. 231, 1907. 2 Part I of this report, page 48.

well known fact that few persons drink as much water as should be taken. Water is the most important inorganic constituent of the body, forming two-thirds of its substance, and almost every gland and organ has need of this fluid to enable it to satisfactorily fulfil its function. Rheumatism, gout, and disorders of the digestive organs would be far less prevalent if more water were drunk, not necessarily mineral water, but water from any pure city supply.

Again, many mineral waters contain substances which readily act on the intestines, stimulating the kidneys and bowels, and, therefore, generally improving metabolism. No attempt will be made to specify individually the therapeutic effects of these constituents, many of which occur only in minute amounts, and their effects in such small quantities is rather open to discussion.

The following statements are the conventional ones found in most books dealing with mineral springs.!

Alkaline waters, that is those with high primary alkalinity (sodium bicarbonate) are of chief value in the treatment of digestive derangements. They stimulate digestion, neutralize acidity of the stomach, increase metabolism, augment the action of the kidneys, and dissolve uric acid deposits, especially if lithium forms a relatively high proportion of the alkalies present in the water. They are, therefore, chiefly used in catarrhal conditions of the mucous membrane, in rheumatism, gout, and diabetes. The most celebrated European waters of this class are Aix la Chapelle, Apollinaris, Taunus, and Ems in Germany, and Vichy, Perrier, Evian, and Aix les Bains, in France.

Apollinaris and Vichy are very popular table waters,? especially in Europe; considerable quantities also are imported into America. None of the springs so far examined yield alkaline waters, of this character, similar to Vichy or Apollinaris, though Adanac and Laurentian Spring waters mostly nearly approach them in composition. Several wells were found giving alkaline waters, though usually the chief base present is calcium.

Alkaline-saline waters, those in which bicarbonjc acid ion and strong acid ions, chiefly hydrochloric, equally predominate, possess especial value in catarrhal conditions of the mucous membrane, stomach, intestines, biliary passages, and urinary tract, besides often stimulating the appetite and power of digestion. They augment the flow of urine, increase secretion of the mucous membrane and flow of bile, and are, therefore, used in the

1Dr. G. E. Walton. The Mineral Springs of the United States and Canada. Chapters 4 and 6, 1892, New York.

Dr. J. K. Crook. The Mineral Waters of the United States and their Therapeutic Uses. New York, 1899,

E. H. S. Bailey. Special report on Mineral Waters, University Geol. Surv. of Kansas, Vol. 7, 1902.

J. K. Haywood, Mineral Waters of the United States. U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. of Chem., Bul. 91, 1907,

For fuller information see:—

S. S. Cohen. A System of Physiological Therapeutics, Vol. 9, 1902, Philadelphia.

J. F. Fox. The Principles and Practice of Medical Hydrology, 1913.

Deutsches Baderbuch, 1907,

2See page 160.

treatment of scrofula, gout, chronic rheumatism and dyspepsia. The most notable foreign waters are those at Kissingen, Homburg, Nauheim, Wiesbaden and Baden Baden in Germany, Bourbonne les Bains, Royat and La Bourboule in France, and Saratoga Springs in the United States.

Many springs of this class occur in Canada, the chief of which are the Sanitaris, Carlsbad Lithia, Russell Lithia, Caledonia Saline—bottled as Magi—Caledonia water, Caledonia Sulphur and Gas, Richelieu, Philudor at St. Hyacinthe, Maskinonge, Varennes and Laurentian waters.

Many muriated, strongly saline waters occur in Canada; such waters increase the appetite and have a general stimulating effect on the organs of the digestion. Some, containing principally the sulphate radicle or magnesium, have a cathartic effect, and are much used as purgatives. The Caledonia Duncan water is a good example of this type of water. The most widely known European waters of this character are Aesculap, Apenta, and Hunyadi Janos.

No chalybeate springs are included in the report, though such springs occur in Canada, at Tuscarora. These waters find their principal application in anaemia, and general debility.

Sulphur waters, such as the well known Banff Springs, are found in considerable frequency. The chief therapeutic agent is assumed to be the hydrogen sulphide gas, the substance responsible for the unpleasant ''bad egg' smell and flavour. Such sulphur waters are taken internally or are applied externally by bathing in the heated water. The chief ailments for which sulphur waters are stated to be efficacious are: diseases of the skin, gout, chronic rheumatism, and syphilis, for the treatment of stiff joints, and gunshot wounds, besides in cases of chronic poisoning by mercury or lead. The Banff waters, Potton, Viauville, Caledonia Sulphur, and Carlsbad Sulphur, are waters of this nature.

Further details on the medicinal value of sulphur waters will be found on pages (149-150), describing the Banff springs.

The subject of the therapeutic value of springs, on account of their radioactive properties, is treated in Part I of this report, pages 50-51.

The Economic Value Of Canadian Mineral Waters. Statistics.—

The value! of mineral water shipped from mineral springs in bottles or barrels during 1916, amounted to $127,806, as compared with $115,274 in 1915; $134,111 in 1914; $173,677 in 1913; and $172,465 in 1912. These figures do not include the value of the mineral waters used at spring resorts for drinking or bathing purposes, nor, of course, the money spent by visitors to such resorts, primarily attracted there by the proximity of ihe springs.

1 John McLeish, Annual Report on the Mineral Production of Canada during 1916; Canada Mines Branch, Dept. of Mines.

The value of pure spring waters, sold in the bottled form in considerable quantity, is also not included in the above returns.

The imports of mineral and aerated waters during the calendar year 1916 were valued at $130,933 ; during 1915, $126,569; during 1914, $199,327; during 1913, $257,153; and during 1912 at $273,698. The exports of mineral water during 1916 were valued at $1,598, as compared with $3,578 in 1915; $2,367 in 1914: and $1,496 in 1913.

Further statistics of the production, imports, and exports, are given in the annual reports on the mineral production of Canada, published by the Mines Branch, Department of Mines.

The following is a list of the principal producers of mineral water. Those marked with an asterisk, were idle during 1916. Brands of water denoted by a dagger have been analysed in the course of this work.

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The Development Of Canadian Mineral Waters.

In comparatively newly settled countries, such as the United States and Canada, mineral springs are considered much less worthy of attention than they are in Europe. Many springs which are allowed to run to waste in Canada would be of considerable value in Germany, France, or Italy. They form a small but not inconsiderable fraction of the natural wealth of a country, and the time is opportune to draw attention to possibilities of development of Canadian mineral springs.

Mineral springs may be developed in two directions: water from the springs may be bottled and sold as table or aperient water, according to its composition, or sanitoria may be established near the springs to enable patients to drink the waters at the source. The waters may sometimes be used for baths, especially in the case of sulphur waters. Unfortunately, there are no statistics to show the relative value of the two methods. In Europe it is probable that greater financial returns are obtained from the development of mineral springs as health resorts or spas. Yet some of the European bottling plants have a very large trade. In 1912 for example, the Apollinaris Company in Germany had an output of thirty-seven million bottles of water.

Mineral waters, both table and aperient waters, have been imported into Canada in increasingly large amounts, especially from Europe, and a glance at the statistics shows that even now the value of the imported waters is greater than that of the domestic waters consumed. In this report, it is shown that attempts have been made to find Canadian waters of equal value, which can replace the imported waters.

A list has already been given of the chief producers of bottled mineral waters in Canada, and reference has been made to such of those waters as have been analysed in the course of this investigation, and which are on the market. The chief of these are Borthwick, Sanitaris, Russell Lithia, Caledonia, Magi, Adanac and Duncan, Laurentian, Gurd's Caledonia water, Viauville, Richelieu, Radnor, St. Leon, St. Severe, and St. Genevieve. These are chiefly used as table waters, especially after they have been carbonated. They are more saline than most of the popular European table waters, chief among which are Vichy, Apollinaris, Perrier, St. Galmier, Taunus and Seltzer waters. Such waters are alkaline, and highly charged with carbon dioxide.

Of these, Vichy and Apollinaris are imported in the largest quantity. The chief constituent of the Vichy waters is sodium bicarbonate, and the quantity of solids in solution is small—only about 400 parts per million. None of the waters included in this report have a similar composition.

The three principal springs at Vichy are the Grand Grille, Hépital, and Celestins, all under the control of the French Government. They yield thermal waters which contain much free carbon dioxide, but little mineral matter in solution. Springs of similar composition, unless they were also the thermal, might fai] to attract attention in Canada. It is not improbable, however, that similar waters exist.

Analyses of Imported Table Waters.

Vichy* (Celestins). Apollinaris, + Hypothetical Combinations. Parts per million, Sodium chlorideve seers os ons 6 alee 30-6 438 Sodium/sulphates serio se os 16-6 247 Sodium phosphate 5-1 — Potassium bicarbonate 18-0 — Sodium bicarbonate 291-6 2,015 Magnesium bicarbonate 18-7 858 Calcium bicarhonatege aay § cls 26-4 400 Strontium bicarbonate 0:3 Perrous; bicarbonate uaee ss. sos. 0-3 84 SUT Cae Aue carat MMC soso ls a3 lela 3-4 30 411.0 4,072 Parts per Reacting Parts per Reacting Constituents:— million, values million. values per cent. per cent. Sulphuric acid (SO): ca 11-2 2-26 167 3-30 Bicarponiciacid CO eee oi. 258 -6 41.72 2,538 -1 39 -60 Phosphoric-acid) ) (RO iw... 66... 3-0 0-09 265 -4 7-10 Chlorine (OD). 8.4 Gee 18-6 0-52 Silica (SRO))),> Slee 3-4 —- 30 oe Iron ASO) oo 0 oe 0-1 0-04 26-4 0-89 Calcium (CC)... 5 oo Ae 6-5 3-19 ' 98-8 4.69 Strontium (SEI ecco 0-1 0-02 — — Magnesium (NIG) AFI. foc 6 acces 3-1 2-50 141-6 11- Potassium WED) 8 0 08 ee 7-0 Desi — a Sodium (Nav oa fakes 99-4 42.48 804-7 33 33 411-0 100-00 4,072-0 100-00 Concentration value 10-16 105-08 Properties of Reaction:— Per cent Per cent elmary salinity peter. +65 - 16-56 20-80 Second' '7 salinity ES Aap ane — SS Primary Slkalinity 71.94 45 -86 Secondary alkalinity. ..: 11-50 33 34

*Analyses in parts per million calculated from those given in Mineral and Aerated Waters, by C. A. Mitchell, expressed in grains per pint, p. 16.

tIbid: reference to analysis by Kyll (1907), p. 29.

The principal imported American table waters are White Rock, Buffalo Lithia, and Poland. Analyses of these are given in Bulletin No. 91, on "the Mineral Waters of the United States,'' issued by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Bureau of Chemistry, 1907.

Several of the Canadian waters already examined, have a somewhat similar composition to the well known imported Apollinaris water, though absolute identity can scarcely be expected considering the numerous constituents of a mineral water and the complex conditions of its formation.

While the principal constituent of Apollinaris water may be considered to be sodium bicarbonate, other salts, such as sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, calcium and magnesium bicarbonates, also form part of the total mineral matter in solution. Several Canadian waters, such as Laurentian (No. 36); Bluebonnets (No. 50); Richelieu (No. 49); Mount Bruno (No. 46); Gurd's Well, Beaudry St., Montreal, (No. 37); Philudor (No. 55) and La Providence (No. 56) might replace Apollinaris, though almost all of these waters contain relatively more sodium chloride and less sodium bicarbonate.

Many mineral waters find their chief value as aperients; especially when sulphates of sodium or magnesium form a considerable proportion of the saline constituents. The best known European waters of this character are Apenta, Hunyadi Janos, and Aesculap, the sources of which are all situated in Hungary. These have been imported in large quantities, and have had a considerable sale. Pluto concentrated water—the source of which is at French Lick, Indiana—is also popular. Other imported American aperient waters are Red Raven, and Mount Clemens. All these waters are concentrated, and contain large quantities of magnesium and sodium sulphates. No similar Canadian waters have as yet been examined. Viauville water, Montreal, somewhat resembles them, though it is much less concentrated, and contains a larger proportion of sodium chloride. Concentrated Caledonia Duncan water is, however, successfully replacing the foreign waters to some extent.

Analyses of Imported Aperient Waters.

Hypothetical Hunyadi Janos.* Aesculap. ¢ Apenta.t Combinations. Parts per million.

Sodium sulphate 22,551 13,906 18,722. Potassium sulphate 121 trace 83 Magnesium sulphate 22,350 17, 280 21,103 Calcium sulphate 2,079 2,639 Lithium sulphate — — 75 Sodium carbonate — 999 479 Calcium carbonate faa — 118 Magnesium carbonate — 182 Manganous carbonate — 43 —-. Ferrous carbonate aa — 76 Sodium bicarbonate 675 a — Calcium bicarbonate. 799 - — Strontium bicarbonate... 27 — — Ferrous bicarbonate 6 — — Sodium chloride: 1,705 2,905 — Magnesium bromide — 11 Alaminaie een ees — 35 30 SSCA ies earl Meee ott 10 trace 32

Reacting Reacting Reacting Parts per| values, Parts per| values, Parts per! values, Constituents. million. per cent.| million. per cent. million. per cent.

Sulphuric acid (SOx). . .|33,146-2 46-79 |24,658-5 44.05 |31,470-2 48.72 Bicarbonic acid (HCOs) 1,111-6 18.22 ——— ee aaaan aaa

Carbonic acid (COs3)... — 587 -9 1-69 510-8 1-27 Chlorine (Cl) 1,033 -2 29-14 1,760-5 4-26 — — Bromine (Br) ga — — —- — 8-5 0-01 Silica (SiOz)... 10-0 — trace — 32 es Alumina (Al,O3). . —. —- 35-0 se 30 Iron 1.9 — — — 36-7 0.10 Manganese (Mn)... —- — 20-5 0-06 — — Calcium (Cale 197-3 0-66 611-0 2-61 823-2 3-05 Strontium (Sr) tee 11.3 0:01 — — —— pes Magnesium (Mg) 4,515 -0 25-17 3,490-0 24-63 4,317.9 26 -40 Lithium (Eee —- — — 9.5 6-10 Potassium (IR) See 54-3 24-06 trace a 37-3 0-07 Sodium (Na) 8,163.2 0-10 6,083 -6 22-70 6,273-9 20-28 48, 244.0 100-00 |37, 247-0 100-00 |43,550-0 100-00

Concentration value 1,475-9 1,116 1,345-6 Properties of reaction inj

per cent;——

Primary salinity 48 .32 45.40 40-90

Secondary salinity 49-20 51-22 56-56

Primary alkalinity... aaa ae

Secondary alkalinity. 2-48 3-38 2-54

*Analyses calculated in parts per million from those given in Mineral and Aerated Waters, by C. A. Mitchell, expressed in grains per pint. Analysis by Bunsen, p. 23.

tIbid: Analysis by Mohr, p. 22. tIbid: Analysis by Tichbourne, p. 22,

Reference has already been made to the similarity of some of the. strongly saline waters, such as the Abenakis waters, St. Genevieve, St. Severe, Varennes, and St. Leon, to the strongly saline European waters, particularly those at Homburg, Kissingen, and Nauheim.

When more of the principal Canadian mineral springs have been examined—especially those in the Niagara peninsula, and in British Columbia—it is probable that Canadian waters will be found equal in every respect to any of the famous European waters above referred to.

Canadian Mineral Spring Resorts.

Not more than a dozen mineral spring resorts in Canada are open at the present time. Several have been temporarily closed on account of the falling off in business due to war conditions. Many of the following springs at which sanitoria have been established are included amongst those described in this report, and it is hoped that the remainder will eventually be the subject of a similar examination.

Passing from east to west, Abenakis Springs, Que., on the St. Francois river, in Yamaska county, is one of the few health resorts in Quebec. A description of the springs has already been given. They yield saline waters and somewhat resemble those of Kissingen or Nauheim Spas in' Germany. A sanitorium is also established at Potton Springs in Brome county, Que. Potton sulphur spring is a calcic, alkaline (sulphuretted) water.

Caledonia Springs is the site of an hotel and sanitorium, under the management of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The hotel is situated close to three of the springs—the Caledonia Saline, Sulphur, and Gas springs.

A sanitorium is established at Carlsbad Springs, near Ottawa. Further particulars are given in the description of the springs, which range from alkaline to strongly saline, with intermediate mixtures of the two types of waters. i

St. Catherines, near Niagara Falls, is one of the oldest of Canadian mineral water resorts. One spring is reported to have been in use since 1812. Several sanitoria enable visitors to utilize the waters with the greatest benefit. The springs yield strongly saline, bromic, and iodic waters, and resemble the celebrated waters of Kreuznach in Prussia. No work has yet been done by the Mines Branch on these waters, nor on the Preston mineral springs, which are a group of sulphur waters situated in Waterloo county, Ontario.

A sanitorium is also situated in Winnipeg: the Winnipeg Mineral Springs Sanitorium, under the direction of Dr. A. D. Carscallen. No examination of these springs has yet been made.

The most famous of all Canadian springs is undoubtedly the group of hot sulphur springs at Banff, Alberta, full details of which have already been given, and attention has been drawn to the great possibilities of Banff as a health resort, combining as it does magnificent scenery, bracing climate,

-and valuable, radioactive hot sulphur springs. A sanitorium has been established in Banff for many years, and a modern hydropathic establishment has more recently been built, besides the provision made at Banff Springs Hotel for many of the special European baths and massage. Although at present Banff owes its popularity almost entirely as a tourist centre, there are great possibilities in its development as a health resort.

Harrison Hot Sulphur Springs in British Columbia—famed in the west for their curative properties, and visited by invalids from many places on the Pacific Coast—have not as yet, been examined, nor the noted Halcyon Hot Springs on Arrow Lake, B.C. Hotels are situated at both of these springs. It is desirable that a complete investigation should be made of these waters as soon as opportunity occurs.

Great development and improvements, however, will be necessary before these mineral spring resorts can compare with European or even American spas, such as Saratoga Springs, the Glen Springs, N.Y., and the Arkansas Hot Springs. When one considers the conditions which have, up to the present, prevailed in Canada, it is hardly to be expected that in so young a country much attention would have been given to the development of its mineral water resources. Nevertheless, the waters compare favourably with similar European waters, and when the demand arises, such artificial attractions as well equipped hotels, sanitoria and baths will soon be established.

Table of Springs Arranged According to Class.

PAGE Alkaline: Bicarbonated— Watson Foster Well, Montreal, No. 43 70 Bluebonnets Well, y TOMS Oe). i Rares 74 Cékésins Springs, Vichy; France ie nae 2 160 Calcic— Adanac, Bourget 11501), Se 61 Guaranteed Milk Co's Well, Montreal, Bi s8 ic eS Ree 63 Potton Sulphur Spring Lip ci es SOR Me hla 92 Alkaline-Saline: Muriated—

Sodic. Berthier, Que BBS P-L MO A 0) Caledonia, Artesian Sulphur LSC A SE AS OF 8 55

Duncan IO Oe.) ccleaner enna 53 Pee er IE + sc Cee eae 50 uwaline Los A ET 45 Sulphur ING... penhte iene aly 48 Gurd's less saline 2 RL 59 Carlsbad Lithia INI): DA RRR I CO TEN 39 '5 Soda INGER 2s. sigcerptane talent 41 " Sulphur ING@URO.:\. . Weoeeeruenae SF Laurentian Spring, Montreal, INGUGO LS. . ..c daubeieemee eee 65 Maskinonge, Que., Gees: . shes haaeoeie ine 107 ' Mount St. Bruno, Que., PEO. . Ne 72 Richelieu, Chambly, Que., ING) ss... s abuaaneoeee 86 Russell Lithia, Bourget, Ont., INIGEIBLEE., wn SOME een 30 Sanitaris, Ont., NOME 0), cette Pee 28 St. Hyacinthe, Que., Philudor INGE) 6s 5 suescg eee Gees 94 u Oue:) La Providence, Wasp... . 2a. neue 96 St. Leon, (Lupien), Que., Nig R's so. chage nee aeons 98 St. Severe, Que., INIT 0? ).)'s:s ag ae 100 Varennes, Que., INIGMRC ei. cous ee ea 84 Sodic and calcic— ; Gurd's well, Beaudry St., Montreal, No. 37 68 Saline: Sulphated—

Calcic.

Banff, Alpine Club Spring, Hers N7 0 AAR eRe 146 SAutomebue Rd, Spring!) INOAAOM oa uintiet den. 143

Cave Spring, INGO Re. 5 oa ne amenetae 137

Banff, Basin Spring, UNO Os era eames tue": 139

Kidney Spring, INGO. Murkse mre ae aki 3 131

Middle Spring, NGIGIG Trad Pome vie cine 133

Upper Hot Spring, Po LA WONG We ang el 129 Jasper Park, Fiddle Creek Spring,No. 140 124

Muriated— Sodic. Abenakis Spring, Que., West HouseNo. 44 79 Abenakis Spring, Qu#., East HouseNo. 45 81 Borthwick Spring, Ont., ING Ole ears ast eae oar Mapa CaledomayGurd's strong salme, Now 33... 0.) One). he 58 Carlsbad Magic Spring, IOs OG atu srt nae Neca Has 35 Dominion Spring, Pakenham, Ont.No. 13 25 Hudson's Bay Spring, Peace River, Now 2454 a ee, 114 Lafleur Spring, Labelle co:, Que., No.152 00005 111 Mission Spring, Peace River INGE ZED IS! Radia tye nae Vitae Radnor Forges, Que., INO BDza. 6 eae weal Wied 88 Snake Mountain Spring, Peate River, INGaZAS OA anos Soir aie 119

St. Benoit, Que., ING MOL Ares cry dcettes cs cco 109 . St. Genevieve, Que., INOS 5 OMe twats cis shes 102 St. Leon, Que., INGE OS) Ale wae rely as tue 90 Viauville Spring, Montreal, INGM A Dies eee eco ad -sheetet te 76 Vermilion Chutes, Peace River, No. 245-1 123

Bibliography Of Methods Of Classification Of Mineral Waters.

FRENCH AND ENGLISH CLASSIFICATIONS, Based on the predominating constituents of the waters.

Ingram and Royle. 'Natural Mineral Waters: their properties and uses," 12th edition, London, 1911.

Mitchell C. Ainsworth, 'Mineral and Aerated Waters,' Van Nostrand,

Dictionnaire des Eaux Minérales, Paris, 1860.

Mayer, Henri, '"'Les Moyens de découvoir les Eaux souterraines et de les utilizer,'' Paris, 1912.

German Classifications.

Fourteen or fifteen classes depending on the predominating constituents.

Hans Hofer von Heimhalt "Grundwasser und Quellen,' Braunsweig, 1912. Deutsches Baderbuch, 1912. Ishizu 'The Mineral Springs of Japan,"

Tokyo Imperial Hygienic Laboratory, 1914.

American Classifications.

Walton, "The Mineral Springs of the United States and Canada," p. 34

Anderson, ''Mineral Springs and Health Resorts of California," pp. 21-38,

Crook, T. K. 'Mineral Waters of the United States and their Therapeutic Uses." p. 30, 1890.

Schweitzer. "Geological Survey of Missouri, vol. III; Report on Mineral Waters." pp. 23-25, 1892.

Peale, A. C., "A System of Physiologic Therapeutics,' edited by S. S. Cohen, p. 302, vol. 9.

Haywood, J. K. "Mineral Waters of the United States,'' U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. of Chem., Bul. 91, p. 9, 1907.

Skinner, W. W. "American Mineral Waters: The New England States," U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. of Chem., Bul. 139, 1911.

Abenakis springs

Adanac spring, Bourget. . #Etna spring, St. Severe. . Alberta: saline apna Alkaline springs. .

"

saline springs. .

Alpine Club spring, Banff. .

Analysis:

Abenakis springs. . accuracy of...

Adanac spring, 'Bourget... "Etna spring water . Alpine Club spring, Banff. .

artesian sulphur spring, Caledonia Springs. BN Lao

Banff: warm spring on maine saps road. Basin spring Banff... 6.0.32. seis Berthier spring. . Borthwick mineral spring. . Bowman township pin Carlsbad lithia spring...

" magic spring..

e soda spring. .

; sulphur spring. . Cave spring, Banff. . distinction between 'mineral 'and sanitary. Dominion spring. . a Duncan spring, Caledonia Springs .. Elizabeth spring, Homburg. .

Gas spring, Caledonia Springs. dc nae ET A RES

gases, Basin spring, Banff... Cave spring, Banff. King's well, Bath.. Middle spring, Banff. .

Gurd's less saline water, Caledonia Springs. . LOCA 5 RNIN

saline water, Caledonia "tah Guaranteed Pure Milk Co.'s well. Hudson Bay springs, Salt river. imported aperient waters. .

ms mineral waters. .

ionic form of, Kidney spring, Banff. . La Providence spring. . Laurentian spring, Montreal. aes AER ays : Re:

askinonge s rin methods of. A B Middle spring, Banff... Mission springs, Salt river. Montreal Jockey Club well. Mount Bruno Floral Co's well.. Philudor spring. . Rey okt Potton spring .. Radnor Forges spring. Richelieu spring. .

Russell lithia water. Ce eee ea

St. Benoit spring. . St. Genevieve water. . St. Leon spring... % (Lupien). . Saline spring, Caledonia Springs..

Fem e wm ee eee ee eee eee een ener reee errr eneresesees

Analysis: Saline well, 112 Beaudry St., Montara ee gee °c tee ae 69 . Sanitaris water... Fa hNS SE EROMMOTONG. "a. hse GOR eee Ream 29 Snake Mountain springs.. Shee er on OAR Pate: ay eon seca s nee ii) statement of results of chemical. . SEs aE OEUSOENOES suc eich Geena Eeoe nln 8 Sulphur Point spring. . EE Ree oo NA GN ota CLEA Sulphur spring, Caledonia Springs. . Sei OROOE ERIE: scciss OER ee eae 49 ie si yale BRIS Ac So Rae SreasOh atiob Hany. ES

Upper hot spring, Banff. . J He:0¥ dv el TEV Or ERE, b's. cig ee ee eee LOO Varennes spring .. BORE N EO Be vcici oho SPREE Aa oto olr, one 85 Vermilion Chutes spring... casa sh be 01d Shoe fe io: CLARE eee eae Viguville: mineral water. 223.20 tinh ae seo. ee 77 Victoria sulphur spring. . RAGA och 0 EE ae tie ose Ae 44 Watson, Foster Co. 's well, "Montreal. . Fv ENT ca wot on ae Cee Wf Arsenic in mineral waters. . RRS ican 35 ee eons yA t] Artesian sulphur spring, Caledonia Springs. . Sneha SRE RPMREIS S, 6 3, +s co eR ee 55

B

Banff and Bath hot springs: resemblance. . BAT No ic) CE co sok gem. Se: aaa 3 aparece! a PROC eo) 5. EI eka gta ston. els) future of.. prep ey e's) b'sliO's, ssa, Nalers Sug: ale CANE MITES "0d Sie cea Te ENS ceed hot sulphur springs. . oats teste) GaP ates TEMS gies x's, cm RRR aera PE 26 rare gases of atmosphere absent .. sists Ba lee SEINE... chime oe 17 Springs: most.famous iniCanada... 2.095 ac eee ©. ok ee ne oe ed GO. sulphur springs: value... ACR te tio (cho RRR en ar a ian har SE, warm spring on automobile road. POORER os su Gi ees Bae AA Baril, Dr. G. H.—analysis made of Richelieu spring . [DEERE ES 86 resemblance between Viauville and Uriage Waters . PMU tach 78

Basin spring, Banff. . oh isbaatia:s cate pin EPA als URERESE Gus Gomeic Nit aha ees eee LOO Bath hot springs, England. .. NSEC Ee. +s Seas tical Cee eR 2. Bell, Wallace: well at St. Bruno drilled by.. Be i oi 42 Ceo eR ne 72 Bergevin, Daniel: owner Viauville mineral well.. NOB oo Uo SUR cod Sos ete ware Berthier: mineral spring at.. bers endgatene Gla teee SRM OREM martes: sa cae ven eteeinerncact mn ROS Bibliography... Ha neRP Beis ss 2th CRRA oe BALOS Bluebonnets: Montreal Jockey Club wel. See ein i 3.7 See Sree kona eee 74 Borthwick mineral spring. . BRA) G5: 5.3, ees nice 9S cee 22 Wm.—owner mineral spring... Mihalka RENEE 6. SSRI AAD AEE ee 23

Bowman tp.—spring BR ao. ore aces la! Boyd, Thomas: patie IC ated epiidaa. Re 5 oro EE es Se St AA 33

Caledonia Springs. . Lida mete Cin PST Re REE ss lel area ie ele Re mE ek OF:

Mineral Water Co. a3 Se Same 7c ae aees 61 Camsell, Charles: samples collected in Alberta. . SES ie 5 5 he tee arom ee eee Le Canadian Aerated Co... PRE Ate GRAY Sot, - AM fd Na ebe deer ITS) Carlsbad Springs. . MME a Cave and basin springs, Banff. .. 4 te RETA CEERI 3 v=. Gc Dara ee Ont ESO Chambly Basin, Que.—Richelieu spring. . PRA AAS) 5,5 aemmee Pbas erect ao ae: 86 Chemical elements in mineral waters. Syilae a ep Mane) ROL EID. 2? a Sokol omits ee 6

eee CS SSS oS este

ey Vs ST Ss SS

ests. a Clarke, F. Ww. —relation of chemical constituents to 0 geologic f formations. . seen ee 151 Cole, L. H.—saline springs in Alberta. . ae MPA Rei ree ts

D

poe ee 5g arse eavalls oven aie cURL EOS 8. <cecegel Sel ae eee ee 28 Divina mineral water . He SS eS OE tS SASS SCORE od oe co ko curr BAU Dominion spring, Pakenham. . REE PAS ERA Eo, ch Ree Sime TSE S Lee 25 Duncan spring, Caledonia Springs. . sia egiethes Ha cin cette: ©. n Shc eee 53

E

Economic value pf Canadian mineral, waters ace Lede Lemene sn se eee 156 Eve, Proto Al >.—radiuim im) brenton limestone!)..,.. 25 nce emeien. ae ee 154

F

Fafard, Prof. J eplamremee yg Ssotedaet dvadhs Ged aa aN apace 100 Ferland, Alfred: spring at St. Benoit. . SSE OAS 5 ST Sole conden allie

Fluorine present in most mineral waters 0 0. 0... Fresenius: constituents of mineral waters ts

G Galatly, Mr.—guide cave spring, Banff... ..

Gas: St. Genevieve mineral spring used to run CUQINENM yaaa hedges CM Meee

Gas spring, Caledonia Springs ..

Gases evolved from Basin pool, Banff Ly ga eae OE micaree ae iano Bal yack Gillan, W.—owner Donpinion spring... 0000.0. 0 ce le. Pret ieee

Guaranteed Pure Milk Co.'s well .

Gurd, Charles and Co.—owners Varennes spring Be Mee at ae aoe ave 5 3 saline well Maatrcalil i sense ale 8 hy si Ue en wells at Caledonia: Springs. (800.00 He ee

" " Gurd's saline waters, Caledonia Springs.

less saline waters, Caledonia Springs Too : :

H Halcyon hot springs, B.C

Harding, Dr. E. S.—paper on Caledonia Springs... 1.1...

Harrison hot sulphur springs, B

Haywood, J. K—method of classification 60sss. see ees

Hudson's Bay Co. springs... .

Hunt, Dr. Sterry: analysis Caledonia SPEINGS Waters crewed) sca.) ettoclo ys ahne ok es . examination.Richelien spring. lao. oie oe % St. Genevieve sprit trys ie oe ene ears ie ee!

Varennes spring

" . . study of mineral springs... ..

" " ? origin of eastern waters 5

BEG UCEOLY cS ea EEN NEA 0 20s RECN ARS eee RM eee Nt

ENS Carat avarenst che ol, ofS abaneasvaptotesr sre: ciel 2 6 ci. ore WR

Kidney spring, Banff... .

Kings Well, Bath: analysis of gases... 1... 1-1. ss ss seseecce se ee ee eeceeeeleen

Lacerte, A.—Etna spring on farm of. .. ..

Lafleur, Eugene: owner of spring Bowman tp AER. Pea ewan

La Providence: spring at Laurentian spring water, Montreal.

Lemyre, J. T.—Divina Water bottled bil) aes ele... 0). aa ae ae spring at Maskinonge discovered by 0... ccc cece eee eee cs

Lupien) B.—spring on farm of at St. Leon

M

McIntosh, Dr.—radium in Viauville water. APA EO Sky SALE OE on ee

Magi mineral water a ts BMPs OORIE ME. souk chee ae ee wee Martel, A.—mineral springs on farm of

meee eral steal at. oo 1's eso. ks chook sn ce aotdan eee L.

Middle springs, Banff .

Mineral springs: Sm eeeas of Uta iin NOR ca age " Pe EECAY Of SSC ee a i ih ge ok Une

" TCSORES ve. 6s

table of arranged according to class. 0.. 00 cece cece cece

Waters: classification of

co SERIES Ole eye eR Omit: Py SMI UE anna AIR ere fe wk eae Lat aK A) i ECORQUHOEV ATIC Re Mia NEPA Eee ies oak nate eats

" 5 list of producers. .:..

s relation of chemical constituents to geologic formations.

therapeutic value

Mission springs, Salt river, IDE LA eemnd SIN Ot Mente lc ect ae bolt dy ie

Co

Montreal Jockey Club well, Bluebonnets. . Mount Bruno Here Co.'s well, St. Bruno.. Muriated springs. . ANSE GA SURE Tue) Bs

Organic compounds in some waters. +. ++ ss seer seen eee reteset es sete ees

Palmer, Chase: method of SWE ENS Philudor spring, St. ikon : Plantagenet mineral sleet

Potton spring, Potton toe

Preston mineral springs. .

Radicles: Drceea He aineea REET ee

Radioactive tests. . "Radium'' water... .. Radnor Forges spring, 'Que.

mineral water.

Water Co.. Reacting values. . Richelieu spring, 'Chambly Basin, Que. . Rousseau, J. C.—St. Leon mineral water. . Russell Lithia Mineral Water Goxs

lithia ee:

Ruttan, Prof. R F.-analysis Duncan spring, Caledonia Springs. Be EN Neh

it 3 gas spring, Caledonia Springs. .

"

St. Benoit spring. . St. Bruno: Mount Bruno Floral Co.'s well. St. Catherines mineral springs.

St. Francois du Lac: Abenakis springs... MLK Enc emer uk

St. Genevieve de Batiscan. . St. Hyacinthe Mineral Water Co... Philudor spring. . St. Leon Mineral Water Co. spring . (Lupien). .

St. Severe: Etna spring . Saline spring, a LAY Springs..

IY ESPEN SAW: a

well, Montreal. . Salt: gathered from saline springs in Alberta. .

made from apsyen ae: at St. Genevieve. . Samples, collection of.. ule sateen epee a Sanitaris mineral water... ..

Mineral Water Co. Sisters of La Metairie: spring on farm of... Snake Mountain springs. . Solis, Napoleon: Philudor spring 0 on farm of.. Spring water as distinguished from well water. . Star mineral water... . VOHRA Ss Sulphur Point spring, " Alberta. . PY dsl Caledonia Springs. .

Jasper Park, Alberta. .

T

Tetreau, George: owner Richelieu ea Therapeutic value of mineral springs. . Therapeutics of sulphur spring waters. .

investigation Caledonia Springs waters +--+++ ++ +++:

"149, 150

Upper, hot spring, Bantiys. 0 2)

Varennes spring Veillet, D. and Co.—sprin Vermilion Chutes mineral water.

" Viauville mineral water .

Mtoria Sulphus serine, Carleton Con le ec. i) UNIAN OON OK shanna:

Ww

Watson, Foster Co's. well, Maisonneuve Watt, W. E.—Abenakis springs... .

Weed. W! fi—algae of Vellowstane park SMU an ar aes White, Robert and Co.—owners Laurentian SPUD Oh SMM Ne Ne ee UR Le Dn Williamson, Dr. James: analysis of Caledonia SPLINES wabersu lyn Munya kaa

Winnipeg Mineral Springs Sanitorium Wright, J. A—sanitorium at Potton Springs: 2...)

Bat StiGehevicve ds Vim Non AMR Me Nonny

DEPAR IMEN T OF MI NES ee Hon. Martin BuRRELL, Minister; R. G. McConnett, Deputy Minister MINES BRANCH ee

; ent EUGENE HAANEL, PH.D., DIRECTOR

BULLETIN No. 22.

Analyses of Canadian Fuels

aise

f IN FIVE PARTS PART I

The Maritime Provinces

Compiled By

Edgar Stansfield, M.Sc., and J. H. H, Nicolls, M.Sc.

Ottawa

J. pp LABROQUERIE TACHI PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY No. 479.

Me

yet tear

Canada Department Of Mines

Hon. Martin BurrELL, MINISTER; R. G. McConnELtt, Deputy MINISTER

Mines Branch

EUGENE HAANEL, Pu.D., DirEcToR

BULLETIN No. 22.

Analyses of Canadian Fuels

In Five Parts

Part I . The Maritime Provinces

Compiled By

Edgar Stansfield, M.Sc.,

and

J. H. H. Nicolls, M.Sc.

Ottawa

J. pp LABROQUERIE TACHE - PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY

No. 479.

Explanatory Notes.

The samples of fuel from the Maritime Provinces collected previous to

1910 were analysed at McGill University by the staff then engaged ina special '"' Investigation of the Coals of Canada.'' Early in 1910, however, this work was transferred to the D'vision of Fuels and Fuel Testing, Mines Branch, Department of Mines, Ottawa; and all subsequent samples have been tested there. The expressions ' anal." and " cale." at the head of any column indicate whether the figures recorded were obtained directly by analysis, or by calculation.. The usual practice was to analyse the fuels after airdrying, although, in some cases, determinations were made on samples either in the condition received, or after being completely dried.

Figures in columns '"'R "' refer to fuels as received; in columns '' AD" to air-dried fuels; and in columns " D "' to those dried at 105° C.

In making the determinations, the necessary calculations were made to give one more significant figure than is reported. All deduced values were calculated before the rounding-off process took place.

A description of the '' Hoffmann Potash Test "' is given on page 65 of the Summary Report of the Mines Branch for the year 1916.

A "Commercial"? sample of any grade of fuel is one representative of the corresponding product as shipped from any mine.

The "' Mine"' and " Prospect'? samples were collected by technical officers of either the Federal or Provincial Governments; the former term being applied to those procured from deposits already under development. "Prospect"? samples are apt to be weathered, and may, therefore, only give an indication of the composition of the main body of the deposit.

to

Contents.

NOVA SCOTIA COAL FIELDS. Sydney Area—

siracvamimnessmeat. Nira os. eeu a ements sae North Atlantic Collieries, Ltd., Port Morien Outeropsrat or near ort VWLOnienine me eee se Birch Grove Pit, near Dominion Colliery No. 21 Dominion Coal Co., Ltd., Glace Bay Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Co., Ltd., Sydney Mines

Inverness Area—

Inverness 'Railway & Coal Co,, Inverness, .0. joe. cons os ie ev can Ses ne os

EixposuresrateViaple: DreOke ee). uj. arse, A amie tek. bs ors Rae ste ae ne

Port Hood & Richmond Railway & Coal Co., Ltd., Port Hood Richmond Area—

ConlkiromeuGilengarryaValleyteeverwn cele patter ioc cae vite hal ele Pictou Area—

ANGEXO IES OO AIK CLO), SLiveh AOS EWRO NS a5 nu pot elo o-0 Co Je OO ae Gee by

Intercolonial Coal Mining Co.; Ltd., Westville , 0 Springhill Area—

Oncerop.Coaltromyspringhnilhe paste ene eee © re. cco ena oo

Pominions Coal! Comsltd.; springiill very meet as meee ee ws

Joggins—Chignecto Area—

Minudie Coal Co., Ltd., River Hebert

Maritime Coal, Railway & Power Co., Itd., Joggins Mines

Nova Scotia Peat Bogs—

@anibou bog, Berwick, King's county... 0 ogc we. eacte ne Cherry field "bog, aunenburg county... 3... 9: s0sacnes aus eins Clyde bog, Clyde River, Shelburne county Port Clyde bog, Shelburne county ../ 4.; 0..-¢.. Latour bog, Port Latour, Shelburne county The Heaths bog, Lower Argyle, Yarmouth county Makoke bog, Tusket, Yarmouth county : Bes cetapOr mYarinolih COUNCY Mais a! Suny, eure eA co bn ce okt oeke arte eke

Prince Edward Island Peat Bogs—

Mermaid bog, near Charlottetown, Queen's county Miscouche bog, St. Nicholas Station, Prince county

Black Marsh. bog, near Tignish, Prince county

NEW BRUNSWICK COAL FIELDS— Grand Lake Area—

Grand Lake Coal Co., Ltd., near Minto

ie ieskane semumer MaIntOn ..ss. bested; sue ee ess

Gloucester Area—

From Mattampeck brook, Pokemouche

New Brunswick Peat Bogs—

Seely Cove bog, near Pennfield, Charlotte county Hunter bog, near Pennfield, Charlotte county

Pocologan bog, near Pennfield, Charlotte county 0.00 eee e ees

St. Stephen bog, Charlotte county Hayman's bog, St. Stephen, Charlotte county ... Gitchell Settlement bog, Charlotte county

New Brunswick Oil Shale—

Shale from main dump at Albert Mines

Nova Scotia Coal Fields.

Sydney Area.

Description. BAIMPIOINO. chycrexisicasloie:o esate 3: : ae Moisture condition (see note, p. 2) Loss on ahrdrying Bajapcko Brataaee % Results obtained by Proximate analysis:—

IMOISEUTO SR eceie clesfeaceste % SURGE N Or cists ts. prurstiens scigie-s's % Volatile matter % Fixed carbon % Ultimate analysis:— Garboulh tania nasiecuan' % ER AVOR OMS oii saps cals. s/oiacopr ators % PAS baeteetsfalstderpierte aerate tes % SMH jon cccsaccevereese % PNAGROR OM 215, die streets wrsio.assiocts % ORY Pent ey aeiaicastents oo %

Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross

B. Th. U. per lb., gross

Fuel ratio

Carbon-Hydrogen ratio

Coking properties

Location in mine

Kind of sample

Quality of coal

Taken by

Date of sampling

Tracy Mines. North Ena aide of Collierics, False Bay Ltd., beach. Port Morien. 1281 M50 Tey) gD) 1 iB) Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. 9-2 9-4 11-9 12-3 34-5 35-2 33-8 34-7 54:3 55-4 51-5 53-0 68-5 70-5 5:0 4:8 11-9 12-3 6-2 6:4 6810 7010 12260 12620 1:60 1:55 13-7 14-7

small lump of fair coke

A. O. Hayes, Geological Survey, Ottawa.

Summer of 1917,

Outcrops at Port Morien.

Gowrie seam.

Commercial. Over 2 inch screen and picking belt.

E. Stansfield.

Jan. 15, 1909..

1282 1284 1285 1283 Tier R D R D R D Anal. Calc./Anal. Calc.|Anal. Calc./Anal. Cale.

1:7 2-0 1-6 1:5 20-8 21-2] 11-0 11-2 15-7 16-0] 12-9 13-1 30:5 31-0 34-0 34-7 31-4 31-9 31-2 31-7 47-0 47:8 53-0 54-1] 51-3 52-1 54-4 55-2 1-55 1:55 1-65 1:75 small .lump/small lumpjgood, swolof good cokelof good cokelof good coke} len coke Gowrie Blockhouse Upper 1°3-ft.|Lower part seam. seam. of Long| of Long Beach Beach seam. seam. IPrOBpeC user (ists vieteirnisreltien cra/sinele nies eine s\-isi ain's elute A. O. Hayes.

eS Ee an

Nova Scotia Coal Fields.

Sydney Area.

J Description.

Outcrops at or near Port Morien.

ATLDIC. NOssun sate ond cisee okie ae Moisture condition (see note, p. 2)... Loss on air-drying % Results obtained by

Proximate analysis:—

Moisture 65 vciea dtteaaaeaes %

PABA eerie Goth o ete Ne eae %

Volatile matter %

Pised earbowtes occ. Ultimate analysis:—

Fj 070) WGA eat tombe ieescny Necks % Hydrogen o EBD soe ticn pane niet aa oer eaeees % Sulphiir' c.ciiee eo: cee eee: % INR trORemy vn erneetre Rees % OV ew ots nee eee %

Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross

B, Th. U) per Ib. gross: Pel tA ey coe ec oes io eae Carbon-Hydrogen ratio

Coking properties o 6 0%e 5

Anal. Calc./Anal. Calc.|Anal. Cale.}|Anal. Calc.

DALY soie 7 aes 220 ae 2-0

small lump} small lump small lump small lump of good cokeJof good good good coke

Anal. Cale.

small lump of fair coke

R D

Anal. Calc.

small lump of fair coke

ocationan MMe, jsiewn.ndecc. oneal

Windvofisample soi. ccctennn ss e015 ee Qualityroncoal ys wih ns ba wentosetan tae Maken yeni: untae t aurea gener

pence Wilson series

seam, seam, of seams,| 1-foot south limb] north top 1:3 seam. of syncli-| limb of feet.

nal. synclinal,

Prospect.

A. O. Hayes, Geological Survey.

Summer of 1917.

Wilsonseries 4 seams, total thickness about 2 feet.

Wilson series 1-4-foot seam.

ib

Nova Scotia Coal Fields.

Sydney Area.

Description.

Sample No Pee eee es EO

Loss on air-drying 0.65 % Results obtained by 5+- Proximate analysis:— Moisture (i. 0G6 siete fs eaten. % VASE irosah midbidtersteck sade fea % Volatile matter reo LXE CATDON ais. cle net sie eke ie % Ultimate analysis:—

ALDOMN c Soc deen cicero cele ois % Eiividrowe soi. 2 fein Belety ste ote % oo) OO E OS GHD 5a ONDE Ge ABEOIRT GRO e % BUlphur in. cle qaswso we one shite ee. % INIGROpORIE. dese Sciclovle.avlasiemneiay % Oxyoon set ea ec aos %

Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross

Be-Ch: Ui: per ib. Tose: scene 2. JG) WD AT one ecepeobbo teas ae sane n an Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Coking properties ++0.ss000%

TOCALION IN WANG 0 vis lon winomidioto ns ING Of SAMDIC) acids deans vce es sere a Ua Gy OL COAL ey a). cubicles svete es 5

Outcrop at Port Morien.

good, swollen coke

McRury seam. . Prospect

A. O. Hayes, Geological Survey.

Summer of 1917.

Birch Grove pit, 14 miles south of Dominion Colliery No. 21.

Cale.

agglomerates

Dominion Coal Co., Ltd., Glace Bay.

382 y 536 Rr AD. D R AD D

Cale. Anal. Cale. Calc. Anal. Calc,

forms small lump of good firm coke

Commercial.

Washed screenings.

A. O. Hayes |Submitted by purchasers.

February 1915.

Nova Scotia Coal Fields.

Sydney Area. Se Sooo eS

Dominion Coal Co., Ltd.

Description Dominion No. 7 or Hub Colliery, Dominion No. 9 Colliery, Glace Bay. Glace Bay. Sample NO sere elec ere tea .ctjsiverne M36 M236 - M2036 M35 M2035 Moisture condition (see note, p.2)} R AD OD D R D RAD D Rep Loss on air-drying O89 flee korea 0-8 atte Results obtained by Cale. Calc. Anal. Anal.| Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Calc. Anal. Proximate analysis:— Moisture, cece ceseer -% 3-5 2-6 3-4 2-4 1:6 2-1 AB orcs esc misieeeeine wekee ts % 57 58 59 2-7 4-3 4-5 5:7 5:8 5-9 6-8 6-9 Volatile matter 35-2 35-5 36-5 38-2 35-9 37-2 87-7 38-0 38-6 37-4 38-2 Pixed carbon .2/<-.cacscee 55:6 56-1 57-6 59-1 56-4 58-3 54:2 54-6 55-5 53-7 54-9 Ultimate analysis:— ALDON .cuuieeasiaeneeeeee 74-1 74-7 76-8 80-0 75-6 78-2 75-2 75-8 77-0 74-4 76-0 EE VOLOROD 1 is aie vlc ere eee % 5-2 5-2 5-0 5-2 5-4 5-2 5-4 53 5-2 5:3 5-2 PASH ceroeccienaaanntas Paeeee % 8:7 $88 5:9 2-7 4:3 4:5 5:7 58 5-9 6:8 6:9 DUO RUT, © ps.cco dmb nsren wrest % 2-3 2:3 2-4 2-0 2-8 3-0 3-6 3:7 3:8 3-7 3-7 Nitrogen s.5 eeacenqaces %1-6 1-6 1-6 1-7 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1:5 1-3) 1-4 OXY 68s. cor een cameo 11-1 10-4 8:3 8-4 10-4 7-6 8-6 7:9 6-6 8-5 6-8 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross 7430 7500 7700 7950 7590 7660 7780 ane B. Th. U. per lb., gross 13370 13490 13860 14310 13670 13780 14010 Biol TAGIO aaccrwuieis brevets orciaye ments 1-60 1-55 1-55 1-45 1-45 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 14:2 14-5 15-3 15-4 13-9 15-0 14-1 14-3 14-8 14:0 14-6 Coking properties +-- Location in MiINC 600+00sc0508 IER BORN. .<1/assisseie farce liane Hub seam |Harbour seam Harbour seam Kind Of Sample. occ ieansienccnnes Commercial—10 tons! Commercial. .|Commercial—5 Qualityiof coal en. oo. ss ccna: Over inch Over 23 inch bar screen and picking] coal screen and picking belt. from belt. M36, yield 93%. Taken! DY jenn cmeree cisleissisersicets ...|T. Denis, Mines Mine authori-/T. Denis Mine Authori- Branch, Ottawa. ties. ties. Date of sampling June 24, 1908. ..6 6. feensiee Jan. 1909 June 23, 1908 |Jan. 1909.

Nova Scotia Coal Fields.

Sydney Area.

OEE Dominion Coal Co., Ltd.

Description. Dominion No. 5 or Reserve Colliery,|Dominion No. 1 Colliery, Glace Bay. Glace Bay.

Sample NOmercsansatclmissigasscies M35 SP M2035 SP M38 M2038 Moisture condition (see note, p.2) R AD D R D Re AD Dp R D Loss on air-drying EAM wie a eos, © cent Seem Cee Ee eS RO Sates ee Results obtained by Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. |Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Proximate analysis:—

Moisture sss. sce sees Soy tore 21-9 eee TOF SOON eae L ML ance 1-8 ni tes

1 C) Ok poet ROP DOOR EAC RCO 5:3 5:4 5-5 6-4 6-6 5:7 5-7 5-9 4-7 4-8

Volatile matter 33-8 34-3 35-0 34-5 35-2 33-1 33-6 34-3 34-2 34-8

Fixed carbon 57-5 58-4 59-5 57-2 58-2 57-7 58-6 59-8 59-3 60-4 Ultimate analysis:— :

(G29 83000 sagonosoogeouspde 75-9 77-1 78-7 - 76-8 78-3 75-8 77-0 78-6 78:8 80-2

Fy AT OREN ..\s/cimis'cisie. sie weee%| 5:5 54 5-3 4-9 4-7 5:3 5-2 5-1 5:4 5-3

JAG) acpap ee go eCPOCDOD GOR %) 5:3 5-4 5-5 6-4 6-6 5-7 5:7 5-9 4-7 4-8

Silphure saeco. % 1:8 1-8 1-8 2-3 2°3 1-8 1-8 1:8 1-5 1-5

INTERORONN. ose;5 15: sis;apslviers 1:4 1-4 1-4 1-3 1-3 1-4 1-4 1:5 1-4 1-4

Oxy gona. kami caistenmsaiec 10-1 8-9 73 83 6-8 10-0 8-9 7-1 8-2 6-8 Calorifie value:—

Calories per gram, gross 7530 7650 7800 Roe eee 7510 7620 7780

B. Th. U. per lb., gross 13560 13770 14040 Peiieia sas 13520 13710 14010 HOROUTAION art. ae 1-70 1-65 1-75 1-75 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 13-8 14-2 14-8 15:8 16-5 14:3 14-7 15-4 14-5 15-1 Coking properties Location in mine Phalen seam Phalen seam Phalen seam Phalen seam. Rind of saniplesc. 6s cscacseiw ones Commercial—2 tons]|Commercial Commercial-10 Cruabty: of Coals o 2.2 os socvctss Over 17 anehtshbak-|0 0/0 oon sacs cs Over 1 inch screen

ing screen and and picking table. picking belt.

SLED OV ae iclcic ciaisicle's a ccisiete ee a, Cheat authorities. ./T. Denis Mine authorities. Date of sampling June 25, 1908 January, 1909 June 26, 1908 January, 1909,

Nova Scotia Coal Fields.

Sydney Area.

Dominion Coal Co., Ltd.

Description. — Dominion No. 10 colliery, Glace Bay. Dominion Nese colliery, Glace ay Sample No. 5.00 sab desea ees M37 M237 M2037 M39 M2039 Moisture condition (see note, conchae eee cote we RR VAD=.D D R D Re ADMD R D Loss on air-drying 2-0 1-3 Results obtained by Cale. Cale. Anal. Anal. |Cale. Anal. |Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Proximate analysis:— Moisture: isskeesermciess 3-9 1-9 4-1 4-8 3:6 4.3 SA att So erecta nom omnes 10-7 10-9 11-1 5:8 5-8 6:0 4-5 4:6 4:8 3-9 4-1 Volatile matter 33-7 34-4 35-1 36-9 34:0 35-5 35-5 35-9 37-3 35:5 371 Fixed carboa.0. 2 ic..ss<. 51-7 52-8 53-8 57-3 56-1 58-5 55-2 55-9 57-9 56-3 58- Ultimate analysis:— Car DOn ricci ftrereteinctemiate 70-4 71-9 73-3 78-5 76:0 79-3 73-9 74:8 77-6 76:9 80-4 Hydrogen... 3. tn. cne. te % 5-2 5-0 4-9 5-2 5-5 5-2 55 5-4 5-2 5-7 5°5 sAghiey cas. bre cindbataneee ae 10-7 10-9 11-1 5:8 5-8 6-0 4-5 4:6 4-8 3-9 461 SelVheo..cas eee eek % 2-4 2-5 2-5 2-1 1-6 1-7 1-77 LY 1S 1-5 1-6 INTtROGelE coe c.aiminerstet= % 1-2 1-2 1-2 1:3 1-1 1-2 152 WG 16 1-5 1-5 OXY GOB nase ae sammie 10-1 8:5 7:0 71 10:0 6-6 12-9 12:0 9-0 10-5 6-9 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross...]| 7010 7150 7290 7710 7290 7380 7660 B. Th. U. per lb., gross 12620 12870 13130 13880 13130 13290 13790 uelratioss occa .nasece nner 1-55 1-55 1-65 1-55 1-60 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 13-6 14-3 14-9 15-1 13:9 15-2 13-5 13-9 15-0 13-4 14-6 Coking properties Location in mine HIMmeryeseain. 6... aesliveaanesens Emery seam .|Victoria seam Victoria seam Kind of sample.., ++ Commercial-10 tons] .|Commercial. . |Commercial—3 Quality ioficoal Over picking table..;Washed] Run-of-mine ; 2 coal from yield, 89%. Taken by.) .norspee ht ven ew se T..)-Denis, Mines)...0%0:..; Mine author-|T. Denis Mine author- Branch. ities. ities. Date of sampling TOMS SO TRCOS . 0:5 0 2's, 515 lle aaron s oiware Jan., 1909 June 27, 1908 Jan., 1909

Description.

Pamiple NO: ...ics 20.00 r ed wees se etl condition (see note, p. 2

Loss on air-drying : % Results obtained by Proximate analysis:— IMIOISORIG. 5 oka acc mseie's's % WAR ec psn nists ate oes an % Volatile matter % Fixed carbon % Ultimate analysis:— Carbon irk vec sess sckvae.e % ED ViGNOGeN' o/s 8 cs eieleis one % PASE ere cieits stot haloes se % Pep hurs.laceasa sack ees % INMEROCER 5 LS) Pa teas 3 N OXY GON fase vc. easeenutes A

Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross. ..

B. Th. U. per lb., gross SMFONTALIO ete ciate ase oaiee

Carbon-Hydrogen ratio

Coking properties Location in mine

Kind of sample., +

Quality OR COA Sete oan Hee

Nova Scotia Coal Fields.

Sydney Area.

Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Co., Ltd.

Sydney No. 1 colliery, Sydney Mines.

Sydney No. 3 colliery, Sydney

Mines. M13 M213 M2013 M12 M2012 Ree kD: ep D Re eb lon, zy BI 2D) 1 wD) 0:8 1:4 Cale. Cale. Anal. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Calc. Anal. Calc. Anal. 3:5 2-7 1-6 5-5 4-1 3-5 6-9 7:0 7:2 3°5 11-2 11-4 6-3 6-4 6-7 16-2 16-8 36:0 36-3 37-3 40-2 35-4 36-0 36-8 37-3 38-9 33-6 34-8 53-6 54-0 55-5 56-3 51-8 52-6 51-4 52-2 54-4 46-7 48-4 72:8 73-4 75-4 79-3 71-4 72-6 70-8 71-8 74-9 65-0 67-3 5-3 5:2 5-1 5-4 5-2 5-1 5-4 5:3 5-0 4:9 4-7 6-9 7-0 7-2 3-5 11-2 11-4 63 64 6-7 16:2 16-8 2°8 2:8 2:9 1-9 2-2 2-2 24 24 2-5 3-4 3-5 13 1-3 1-3 0-9 1-4 1-4 1:3 ihe! 1-4 1-2 1:3 10-9 10-3 8-1 9-0 8-6 7-3 13-8 12-7 9-5 9-3 6-4 7380 7440 7650 8050 7190 7290 7600 13290 13400 13770 14490 12940 13130 13690 1-50 1-40 1-45 1-40 1-40 13-8 14-1 14-9 14-7 13-6 14-1 13-2 13-6 14-8 13-3 14-4 Main SOAIG. \atieeras celles to her's Main seam |Main seam |Main seam, Commercial—10 tons] Commercial. . |\Commercial—10 Over j inch |Over 4 inch screen and picking] coal from and picking belt. belt. M13,yield 89%. (ae Denis: Mines seer. Mine author-|T. Denis Mine author- Branch. ities. ities. uly bend OO gana ae aera seats crete January, 1909. |July 4, 1907 January, 1909.

Nova Scotia Coal Fields.

Inverness Area.

Inverness Railway and Coal Co.

Inverness colliery, Inverness.

Nos. 5, 6 and 7 levels

Description. ae Bee os kin (oconets| be i) RRBs Dt ino cna da R AD Loss on air-drying 1-8 Results obtained by Cale. Cale. Proximate analysis:— Moisture. .i 00sc08 9-3 7-6 UNCI pe gabo ae Ooneee oe 9:4 9-6 Volatile matter 36-2 36-9 Fixed carbon 45-1 45-9 Ultimate analysis:— @arbons. .cnosenasces 61-0 62-1 Hydrogen: .<> cee 5-4 5:3 PASH Gere uta: secicee 9:4 9-6 Sulphiin=. oe.cite sine 5-4 5-5 Nitrogen c.i. eae: % 0-8 0-8 OXY CON ea ndek aise nee 18-0 16-7 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross.| 6130 6240 B. Th. U. per lb., gross.| 11030 11230 Pel ratios; se sessile vars 1-25 Carbon -Hydrogen ratio 11-4 11-8 Coking properties Fusion point of ash Specific Gravity Location in mine Kind of sample. ui siariscn. Commercial--10 tons

Quality of coal

Wakon Dy tic seeccsss dite tery

Date of sampling

Over § inch shaking

screen and picking

belt.

T. Denis, Branch and mine authorities.

Mines

M214 1261 1262 D rm 2D Re7 eD Anal. |Anal. Calc. Anal. Cale. 6-5 13-4 13-9 12-1 12-5 42-5 37-5 38-9 36-2 37-6 51-0 45-6 47-2 48-2 49-9 4:8 6:5 5-0 5-7 6:0] 5:7 5-9 7110 6410 6640 6490 6720 12800 11540 11950/11680 12100 1-20 1-20 1-35 aie Da "Of eae 1040°C 985°C 1-39 1-34 'veapatets ene Upper bench} Middle of 7-ft. of 7-ft. seam. Washed coal from M14, yield 87%.

Mine authorities.

December, 1917.

Anal. Cale.

bw

small lump of poor coke

Bottom bench of 7-

ft. seam.

Anal. Calc.

small lump of poor coke

3-ft. seam, south of Mclsaac.

Description. Sample Nica ccccscascchccevs ones Moisture condition (see note, p. 2).. Loss on air-drying re 6 Results obtained by Proximate analysis:— (MOISHUTO Ne. cascidsieis's + sisntsie 01070 PATS ea caccran sini cervtetoteiers, Sicjetave shy % Volatile matter % Fixed carbone. jailscnes cites % Ultimate analysis:— MAE DIL ae cat nesta ilne sic eg % Hy drowonsacieivsrsto sw aciaece evs % ER Sela a oR ie tee 5 Se cis Nt eras ns WA SalPh arse ieisis co's isisievstsiosisnis'o isis % INEREO@ ON Socccan eis ciao ere scam apere % Ghaferisbsgapaponortoccsdeonr %

Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross

B. Th. U. per lb., gross

POU TATAG teri oie sin. ovisisiars Carbon-Hydrogen ratio

Coking properties

Location in mine 6+005:

Kind of sample:,..ciic. sicecinsecies Quality of coal

MC AKON DOV eeaainet estos ona betes sien

Date of sampling

Nova Scotia Coal Fields.

Inverness Area.

Samples from exposures |Port Hood & Richmond Railway at Maple Brook. & Coal Co., Ltd., Port Hood colliery, Port Hood.

1289 1291 M15 M215 Raa Ieee 20) Rea DS sD) D 1:5 Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Cale. Anal. Anal. 0-9 1-1 4:7 3-2 48-9 49-3 46-6 47-1 13:9 14-1 14-6 10-9 35-4 35-9 37-1 37-9 46-0 46-8 48-3 51-2 60-7 61:6 63-7 68-7 4-5 4:4 4-2 4-4 13-9 14:1 14-6 10-9 76 7:7 7-9 6-7 0:8 0-8 0-8 0-6 12-5 11-4 8-8 8-7 6240 6330 6540 6970 11230 11400 11780 12550 1-30 1-35 13-5 14-0 15-3 15-6 Wppers (1-8 From a pib 200 (i circ cee nmre us linn ails/cuns's repersietees in.) seam,| yds. down Now ieaia Wesco bank. Minetctercsth Mines. accuses 1: Commercial—l0tons]

Over 3 inch coal

screen and picking] from M15, belt. yield 76% A. O. Hayes,|A. O. Hayes../T. Denis, Mines' Geological Branch. Survey.

Summer of

Richmond Area.

Coal from Glengarry Valley.

Anal. Cale.

Private individual.

Nova Scotia Coal Fields.

Pictou Area.

Acadia Coal Co., Ltd., Stellarton.

Description. Vale colliery, Thorburn. ee Sample No: iaeceeacavcsses M4 M204 M2004 M16 M2016 Moisture condition (see note, ; a Deane siaes weanecernas Jee NID 9) D D HR SAD, 2D R D Loss on air-drying TE 020 an -asud Car igh 1-9 Resu:ts obtained by Calc. Cale. Anal. Anal. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Proximate analysis:— 2 MOIRERTO 775i esac cotecttine ol ee ee Le liners sae ee BH, ASS) es 2-8 ABW 5. siaid ns els haionatentorcs 16-9 16-9 17-3 12-6 19-1 10-9 11-1 11-3 9-0 9-2 Volatile matter 31-5 31-5 32-1 33-2 Meets 32-1 32-7 33-3 82-7 33-7, Fixed carbon 49-5 49-5 50-6 54-2 as 53:3 64-4 55-4 55-5 67-1 Ultimate analysis:— Carbon, pectaduarceene 66-6 66:6 68-0 71-7 Soo 71-4 72-8 74-1 75-6 77-8 Hydrogen ts co.tacaaanenier 4:4 44 4:3 4-2 Fis 4-9 4-8 4-6 5-2 5:0 PAB rf ok sitio eran titeren 16-9 16-9 17-3 12-6 Bate 10-9 11-1 11-3 9-0 9-2 Sulpburs.c548s eet sa Gi 1:0 +1-0\° 1-0 1-0 ee 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-6 INETOZON. jp ais cers celeste % 1:8 1-8 1-8 1-7 tig. 1-8 1-8 1-9 2-1 2-2 Oxyzen: isccs costes ee % 9-3 9-3 7-6 8-8 adie 10-4 8-9 7-5 7-5 5:2 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross...| 6540 6540 6680 7090 wears 7080 7220 7350 B. Th. U. per lb., gross 11770 11770 12020 12760 reat 12750 13000 18230 Mueliratio:©.ctee es acedes veneer 1-55 1-65 Sone 1-65 1-70 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 15-2 15:2 16-0 17-1 alos 14-6 15-3 16-0 14-5 15-4 Coking properties Location in mine Six-footseann.. tae alone seine att ones aeeens Foord seam Foord seam. 'Kind of pamiples.csessc sensi Commercial—5 tons} —2 tons. Quality of coalsie2..sae. sen Over # inch ? picking belt. and picking belt. from M4,| screen and yield 88%] picking belt. Taken Dy vay eee inesess viewers 'T. Denis, Mines fs. san ese ees Mine auth-/T. Denis Mine authori- Branch. orities. ties. Date of sampling Marohzo- 1907). fh.lcucanceneee July 18, 20, 1907 January 1909.

Nova Scotia Coal Fields.

Pictou Area.

Acadia Coal Co., Ltd., Stellarton.

M2002 Rd

Cale. Anal.

Description. Albion colliery, Stellarton.

Sampler Non nearness a ade ahige M1 M201 M1001 M2 Moisture condition (see note, p. 2) D D D Ri AD. 2D Loss on air-drying 0.0005e % 1-7 Results obtained by 0.5005> Anal. Anal. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Proximate analysis:—

IMEOISCRT ON ea niele's oie Sisisinissnirisesez0 ave % 3-6 2-0

PASE ent Ciei cine eis % 14-7 12-3 13-8 10-2 10-3 10-5

WVolatilomatter..s.6scc5 or enen Vo 29-8 30-8 28-5 30-3 30-8 31-4

HIXOG CAL BON ds feels id nieces iors om. % 58-5 56-9 57-7 55-9 56-9 58-1 Ultimate analysis:—

PAE) nn soc a SRO oe Soe OEE % 71-4 73-4 72-7 71-5 72-8 74-2 yarowenk at. cones s-seiso es 8 ers % 4-5 4-5 4-4 4-7 4-6 4:5 DNS Nee 4 oy ie See SE SR SCT ie % 14-7 12-3 13-8 10-2 10-3 10-5 Sulphur, ; cease see s0, een es % 1-4 1-0 1-1 0-8 0-8 0:9 INGlads as) In Borna na nomaDonoudpede % 1:7 1:5 1:6 2-1 2-1 2-1 OXUPORS. boat aco cceteerereisaleteinisaays % 6-3 7:3 6-4 10:7 9-4 7-8

Calorifie value:— ; Calories per gram, gross 6990 7250 6920 7050 7170 7320 Beh: perl. ,, LTORS se aclcsciniace-y- 12580 13050 12460 12690 12910 13170 MUG EAGIO ascetic gy scciccsseyicrch veretersi ars arei03 te 1-85 1-85 2-00 1:85 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio PD 18-8 16-3 16-5 15-2 15-8 16-6 GOking Properties is ,.ceei.s sein en veness MOCATION IN MING: hove cn clave cans erie se PP ird Seaman rate sais: aye 29 Cage Pit seam PRGn OU EAMPIO casio. cele cieleisie aise scaler ane Commercial faecue san derellveetinicine —10 tons. 'Quality! of Coal sic osiicis ccs ine cee neice ae sam-|Run-of-mine from M1,| plingofM1 yield 86%| after one year's indoor storage. PURGM Wieck facticis ical s elec sone Srna' TEND on isellee mya cata cbetetel lier aaia anossie D3 POISi As eses cenit Mines Branch. TPR ULOF BATADUNG i, o.6/0 10: salem lets, Mar: SG MO07ii cence eeltee oco nes a0 March 26, 1907

Mine authorities.

January 1909.

Nova Scotia Coal Fields.

Pictou Area.

Intercolonial Coal Mining Co., Ltd.

Description. —- No. 5 or Acadia colliery, Westville Drummond colliery, Westville. fe eae a a ee ilies ria Pus) tecpctarewaaunetcc RAD. D, RD AD! 'D D Re dD Loss on air-drying ,.. 0-2 0-3 Results obtained by Cale. Cale. Anal. Calc. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Anal. Cale. Anal. Proximate analysis:— Moisture 1-8 1-6 1:3 1-4 1-1 1-7 Sire have wate anes eh ctotaiorsnd 9:0 9:0 9-2 8-1 8-2 14:3 14-4 14-5 11-3 13-3 13-5 Volatile matter 25:5 25-6 26-0 27-0 27-4 24-4 24-4 24-7 25:3 22-2 22-6 Fixed carbon 63:7 63-8 64:8 63-6 64-4 59-9 60-1 60-8 63-4 62-8 63-9 Ultimate analysis:— WALDO ss sie'slaiccis' sr nie 76-2 76-4 77-6 78-9 80-0 71-6 71-9 72-6 76-0 74-1 75-4 Hydrogen 4:9 4:8 4-7 4:8 4-7 4:4 4:3 4:3 4-5 4:5 4-4 PA Ya ats ia tietsticgate eresslotee % 9:0 9:0 9-2 8-1 8-2 14-3 14-4 14-5 11-3 13:3 13-5 Sulphurccgeseeasiene as % 09 0-9 0-9 0-8 0-8 2-5 2-5 2-6 1:3 1:3 1-3 Nitrogen'; ..desireeesieers 1:5 1-6 1:6 2-1 2-2 2:0 2-0 2-1 2-0 1:9 1-9 (0) aifie Bracoceaet 7 Conor 7-5 7-3 6-0 5-3 4-1 5-2 4:9 4-0 4-9 4:9 3-5 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross.) 7560 7580 7700 7100 7130 7200 7530 B. Th. U. per lb., gross..} 13620 13650 13860 12780 12830 12960 13550 Rigel ration jennie renee 2-50 2°35 2-45 2-50 2-80 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 15-7 15-8 16-4 16-3 16-8 16-5 16-6 17-0 16-9 16:3 17-0 Coking properties Location in mine |Main seam |Main seam /Main seam ] 2..005 Main seam. Kind of sample 50.5-- Commercial—5 tons.|Commercial..|Commercial—10tons| Commercial. Quality of coal |Over 1 inch screen| Over 1 inch coal and picking belt. and picking belt. from M3, yield 82% PAKON DY: cicseessacaasisinaect T. Denis, Mines Mine) Denise. etascnacliscissesieeaise Mine authori- Branch. ties. ties. Date of sampling March 28, 1907 January 1909..|March 27, 1907 ] Jananey 1909. ROMANS ico sisasieelaiesainie alert Operated by Acadia Coal Co.,Ltd.,

at time of sampling.

Nova Scotia Coal Fields.

Springhill Area.

Outcrop coal Dominion Coal Co., Ltd., from Edison Description. i vet 'ower Co. : No. 1 colliery rs wees Ltd., Begerare teh No. 2 colliery, Springhill. Springhi ll. Springhil l Ty S SamplewNovascnsas osuiyeune/ ns 1148 M49 M5 M205 M2005 Moisture condition (see note,

Dud) Naar ase ten anaes R D R D R AD D D R D Loss on air-drying CaN ine eee Rae aes 0-8 SCCM Results obtained by Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale, Calc, Anal. Anal. Cale. Anal. Proximate analysis:—

Moisture. gassntcce-we ons Jol. 992 Rene 2-2 es Dag we SON sells Keen 2-5

IASI s vasisclnibalslsisie ise def? % 3-8 4-2 3-3 3-4 8-9 90 9-2 71 5-8 5-9

Volatile MACLON ci iohicicwie %). 31:0 34-1 32-6 33-3 31-4 31-6 32-3 33-1 31-2 32-1

Fixed carbon £6-0 61-7 61-9 63-3 56-9 57-4 58-5 59-8 60-5 62-0 Ultimate analysis:—

Carbon EM ode ates 79-7 81-5 73-1 73-6 75-1 76-9 77-5 79-4

Hydrogen sf Are ee 5:3 5-1 5-1 5:0 4-9 5-0 5-3 5-2

PAS IN emp Bs Re oa sige 3°3 3-4 8:9 9-0 : 9-2 7-1 58 5-9

Sulphur 1:1 1:2 0-9 0-9 15 1-6 1-6 1-4 0-9 O-9

Nitrogen 1-8 1-9 1:2 1:2 1:2 1-0 1-9 2-0

OXY RON: dais sissies sc Tl sees ner 9-0 7:2 10:2 9-6 8-0 8-6 8-6 6-6 Calorific value:—

Calories per gram, gross...| 6440 7090 7710 7880 7220 7280 7430 7700 7520 7710

B. Th. U. per lb., gross 11600 12770 13870 14190 13000 13100 13370 13860 13540 13880 Lt Deh yeh SB GSe Seen er epee 1-80 1-90 1-80 1-80 1-95 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio ...+ Seas 15-2 15-9 14:3 14-6 15-3 15-4 14-6 15-4 Coking properties non-coking Meet On a RNG ce scone rence tte tnniiein ce ae teisall sauce ieee vate haga liyiecels SCUD DOOD motte) Sei coea IER FCINALOL SAME Ou net cia ceias clin ce laesdiniviscoatmiee tune Commercial... .|Commercial—10tons] Commercial. Oat eOheaa lene tessa iassallsrsistierers S euntery te ellis, aes aint omens Over 3 inch coal

and picking belt. from M5, yield 82% "EN TN Say Gen cH GUO RD nnn NGnceer merare ae Mine Denis, Mines Mine authori- Branch. ties. Date of sampling Hob Ce ee January, 1909. ...)}April 1, 1907 ] +--+-++- January 1909. ROMA ES eee isi iis cinta inisraloise ot oritias wise saieey sie oye Operated by Cumberland Railway & Coal Co. at time of sampling

Nova Scotia Ceal Fields.

Springhill Area.

Joggins—Chignecto Area.

Description. ' Dominion Coal Co., Ltd., Minudie Coal Co., Ltd., No. 3 colliery, Springhill. Minudie colliery, River Hebert. Sample No:ssande eases 3 atau: M6 M206 M2006 M9 M209 Moisture condition (see note, Dea awn apactas Ga sricale hana Rie oD D R D AD: D Loss on ait-drying Gl 0-5 1-0 Results obtained by Cale. Cale. Anal. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Anal. Proximate analysis:— ; : Moisture; J5,c.¢ccc< ccna Vol 9 2284, 288 2-3 3-8 2-8 PAB hea cos catctaal ie see sane 1-1 11-2 11:5 8-3 46 4-7 14:9 15-1 15-5 11-0 Volatile matter 32-6 32-7 33-5 34-7 32-9 33-7 34-4 34-8 35-8 37-3 Bixed carbon; i616). 53-5 53-8 55-0 57-0 60-2 61-6 46:9 47-3 48-7 51:7 Ultimate analysis:— 3 ALDON Jes caidvineie soe Rte 71-1 71-4 73-1 75-4 79-3 81-2 62-3 62-9 64-8 68-2 Hydrogen inc ctetice ocser 4:8 48 4:6 4-9 5-3 5-2 4-7 4:6 4-4 4-6 tN SRA TC Oe Ak. 11-1 11-2 11-5 8-3 4:6 4-7 14-9 15-1 15-5 11-0 Sulphur se Volemled 1s0 -'1s8 1:5 0:9 0-9 64 65 6-7 6:3 Nitrogen jonas msracee toe Ot 1-8 1-8 158 1:4 1:7 1-8 1-0. 1-0 1-6 0-8 ORY GOR yh. ccseeines oe % 95 9-1 7-2 8-5 8-2 6-2 10-7 9-9 7-6 9-1 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross...| 7010 7040 7210 7540 6320 6380 6570 7000 B. Th. U. per lb., gross 12620 12680 12980 13570 11380 11490 11820 12600 Bueliration., o Mescmereceeoe 1-65 1:65 1-85 1-35 1-40 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 14:8 15-0 15-9 15-4 15-0 15-7 13-4 13-7 14-8 14-8 Coking properties TOCA TION TING cctiic strats Beet WERE ala <ince daspo| th bobpantac, oe Oana thee lal ety Sees Ge ona Kind of.sample:..., 3.<..si0°6% 08 Commercial--10 tons} Commercial..|Commercial—5 tons Quahtyof: coal. o5: aaea scene Over # inch coal] Over inch coal and picking belt. from M6, and picking belt. from M9, yield 87% yield 79% PAKON DV iiiestemueen wisvence sa eile TDenis,Mines |i. caveceeess Mine authori-/T. Denis Branch. ties. Date of sampling PAPI OROO Ts. cas.0. il ateuacoReenr nee January 1909..|/April 3, 1907 Weniavics:..cpisecyaseiaccnreseee Operated by Cumberland Railway & Coal Co. ™

at time of sampling.

ee

Nova Scotia Coal Fields.

Joggins—Chignecto Area.

Maritime Coal, Railway & Power Co., Ltd.

Description. Chignecto ees Joggins Joggins colliery, Old mine, Joggins Mines. ines. ; MamplowNoreh ci tucciges caw. M7 M207 M10 M210 M2010 M3010 Moisture condition (see note Aled an@i aces Cotman ese R AD OD D RY AD aD D D R D Loss on air-drying 0-4 0-7 Results obtained by Cale. Cale. Anal Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal Anal. Anal. Cale. Anal. Proximate analysis:— r Moisture. ch fen ata. + a0 3:6 3-2 1-3 0:6 4-8 BAD o caccyptecataserirtccss cies +-¥/0°6.¢ 12-8 12-9 13-3 9-1 18-4 18:5 18-6 10-3 16-9 10-9 11-5 Volatile matter 39-5 39-6 41-0 41-3 36-1 36-4 36-6 38-1 36:6 36-5 38-4 Fixed carbon 44-1 44-3 45-7 49-6 44-2 44-5 44-8 51-6 46-5 47-8 50-1 Ultimate analysis:— @EtbOn eae case evecces 2 63-9 64-2 66-2 70-0 62-7 63-1 63-5 70-3 65:5 68-8 TEV ArOR OD. essieejecnis ws 50 5:0 4:8 5:0 4:2 4:2 41 4-9 5:2 4:9 PABA reihinss de times eee 12-8 12-9 13-3 9-1 18-4 18-5 18:6 10-3 10-9 11:5 Sulphur meted sats 6:2 6:2 6-4 6-2 5:3 5:3 5-4 4:8 5-2 6-5 6-8 INFETOZEN: 605 sevaiesc cee 1-2 1-2 1-3 1-0 1-3 13 1-3 0-9 1-7 15 1:6 OSV ORG acts arc eee 10-9 10-5 8-0 8-7 8-1 7:6 71 8-8 10:4 6-4 Calorifie value:— Calories per gram, gross...| 6510 6540 6750 7160 6360 6400 6440 7080 B. Th. U. per lb., gross...|11720 11770 12160 12890 11440 11520 11590 12740 OUR ATIOL tei a 1-10 1-20 1-20 1:35 1-25 1-30 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 12-8 13-0 13-9 14-0 14-8 15-1 15-3 14-4 12-6 14-0 Coking properties ae TEC RU LON ETRUINR EEL eet faces rete erste oases ate keg rac aera eo ER scope cau easel Re ave eipinsis nya ave ets are Kind of sample Commercial — Commercial — 6] Commer-|Commertons. tons. cial — cial. tons. Quality of coal. 6:05 6.55. Hand picked as he 4 inch as he coal and picking belt.| coal inch from from screen M7, M10, and. yield yield picking 87%. 79%. belt. PERCU IS. orincccmituestes va vwaes Mine authorities. i tdi! OS T. Denis .|Mine authorities. Date of sampling ATI OO Toe ca. sim etiitne ceed APES L OL Aare oa!te veiisaoae 1907208 January 1909

This mine has since been abandoned.

Nova Scotia Peat Bogs.

. ; Cherry field et Caribou bog, Berwick,* bog, Clyde. bog, Clyde River, Description. King's county. Cherryfieldt Shelburne county. Lunenburg county.

SAMIPIOUNO wtesyic hirer ore ase Gevarzpvcensice es discs 501 502 503 504 509 510 511 512 Moisture condition (see note, p. 2) D D D D D D D D TlOBSVON BUN GLY ING sis ass sisicisse cielo eee % Proximate analysis:—

MoIstuT Oetker santa nee %

PASH yb acactie sae aciiaancsine sents Gol G27 4-4 2-9 2-0 6-1 7-0 5-4 3-2

Volatile matter... <).2.. can genaeies 62-6 64-7 66-7 67-5 64-1 64-0 64-8 66-4

Bixed Carbon. phic-Woussameen ac 29-7 30-9 30-4 30:5 29-8 29-0 29-8 30-4 Ultimate analysis:—

BP DON Ae wins oars Ace Re %

Ty ATORON perch tater sv svsto occas oie ate % seine

PABD oci.n weccicie ol nace ROO Ree %

Sulphur sic cenccsomtnys cease % 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3

INIGPOgEN vac ewieenisiee aenone eee NG 1:6 1:2 1:0 0-9 1-1 1-4 1-1 1-1

OXY Ons iiiecicicstenaceoe nee % Calorifie value:—

Calories per gram, gross 5440 5410 5300 5320 5250 5280 5150 5260

Baths Waper lb: toad sees cake ee 9790 9740 9550 9580 9450 9510 9270 9460 Fuel Tatio. cine cst as ls see ore 0-47 0-48 0-46 0-45 0-47 0-45 0-46 0-46 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Coking properties..csiah suse sate sce ture

Se a a a Wocation in bog sas neni aioe iste ° Kind of sample... n.ceee. oot odteance All prospect. AL GROW DY oe aeciesesreinaicasiate lest: All by A. Anrep, Mines Branch, Ottawa. Daterolieampling:,.c..scaccors ceo All during summer of 1914. Remarks aisijasies cesses ov an eeeee *Bog traversed by Dominion Atlantic railway. {Bog traversed by Halifax & Southwestern railway.

eens ee

te

Nova Scotia Peat Bogs.

Description.

BAINDIGEN Orr ciation cel wrest sareernr ee

Loss on air-drying + % Proximate analysis:— INTOISEUES safe a sions wistelein ale ears % BAR termes wernraleiwe: sacred NG Volatile matter +. % Wixed Carbon... cscsie05s eens: % Ultimate analysis:— REDON GREG Beene tetseee cis % EES ATOU CM sah ch itceraesteitseisiset % DAT ie 2 Uae Sane a eee Seis aaa % Sulpautemnces accep celdowrnteeat % INTENO SEM ce ciaistonia ovgecstes ernie steses % Oxvgenmenc cnet acne aes %

Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross

Ibe Pha. per lbs, 2.7. MyekTationcsce ar unyac arenas Carbon-Hydrogen ratio

Coking properties +:

Clyde bog, Clyde River,| Port Clyde bog, Port |Latour bog, Port Latour,

Shelburne county. Clyde,t} Shelburne Shelburne county. county.

513 514 517 ' 518 522 523 D D D D D D 4-9 4-3 3-0 3-4 3°8 4-0 62-8 66-4 66-6 66-5 68-0 67-9 32-3 29°3 30-4 30-1 28-2 28-1 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 1-2 1-2 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 5430 5280 5400 5340 5150 5170 9780 9510 9730 9610 9280 9310 0-52 0-44 0-46 0-45 0-42 0-41

All prospect. All by A. Anrep, Mines Branch. All during summer of 1914.

{Bog traversed by Halifax and Southwestern railway.

Nova Scotia Peat Bogs.

Description. aos east she ee pa "Pusket Yarmouth county. mouth county. county. Sa UALS UN O Meese iec saa ctselensictslemiarass. oe Abe : 505 506 507 508 515 516 520 §21 Moisture condition (see note, p. 2) D D D D D D D D ESS LOW ITS OT YING 2 5sjoscie coyatersvossicieis so stars oe % Proximate Analysis:— MEOISUUTS apacaieeia aicistsiviersnie dninereuiNe ao oe Vie , ea ra ASD aes [crane Mato nicks alt cltleisisiedaiterse/etiowine 8-9 9-6 4-5 4-9 6-1 4.3 12-7 7-7 Molatilosmatter ss sic ssic:eicieicteisieleeioicras 60-9 63-2 65-6 67-5 65-0 67-0 59-5 62-5 Rixedienrbon'.va cece beeen 30-2 27-2 29-9 27-6 28-9 28-7 27-8 29-8 Ultimate analysis:— BLOW Woslcmsek ecieeuie eae hares % PR ydro gens 5.3.0, siete cis:steisysimtersinte sn sieio suas % RSD 6c acasprartiate snare ie are ep een ea OA Veae sie iste Sulphur sv: apie vise'sitecee aoleistanis eee 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-5 0-5 INELOMENS nr: deoe se One ne eee Re ees 1-7 1-6 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-5 1-8 1-6 ORV BOR A, occas sasusvale eteserasinle meena ae % Calorific value:— Calories per gram, grosS 5230 4950 5410 5490 5180 5280 5070 5210 BeTh. Wi. perl: i SLOSS apenas vas 9410 8890 9740 9890 9320 9510 9130 9380 Buel ratio... oon ceeteadncgeecit inlet oe a 0-50 0-43 0-46 0-41 0-44 0-43 0-47 0-48 @arbon-Hy drogen ratio. eceess sees Coking properties!) ssicw aia retest oie Location it DOghis big ak center cse as Kut, Of Saale. crocs qaseavigin uns be poten All prospect. Taken DYsi sdnsswacesaceeeess te. keaepissi tee All by A. Anrep, Mines Branch. Date of:sampling scart ecimlsiaciee sites neers All during summer of 1914.

RRGTOATICG aja:5 a hwaacin niet canter eine ae {Bog traversed by the Halifax and Southwestern railway.

Prince Edward Island Peat Bogs.

i Mermaid bog, 5 miles} Miscouche bog, St. {Black Marsh bog, 6 miles Description. N.E. of Charlottetown, Nicholas Station,* north of Tignish, Queen's county. Prince county. Prince county. Sample iNOese acy jay antes eevee ke 443 444 499 500 497 498 Moisture condition (see note, p. 2).. D D D D D D Goss on air-drying ss oie ce cece % Proximate analysis:— IMPOISEUNE faP van s, Gas dle next % Bae fas Ree maar Si hia Ly 3 hha ans De AR rst Baier 3-6 4-9 5:7 83 4-4 5°83 Volatile matter... 0.06604. % 67-1 65:8 62-8 62-7 64-5 65:8 etxed iGArpOne.e. cach as to % 29:3 29-3 31-5. 29-0 31-1 28-9 Ultimate analysis:— WANDOBNE katie eee ei ee ee % iydxogen cat sctestar deans J % ASRercerkyiitac chile ho ckane eo PSIG LCase cre feu ty shucks van srs % bees 0-4 0-3 0-4 0-3 0-3 INEGKOZON Tee eeu art coeur aoe 0-9 1-2 1:3 1-4 0:8 0-9 Oxy OMe je rsus oewUra be a sim ro % Calorifie value:— Calories per gram, gross 5320 5520 5300 5170 5480 5440 BE Th, Us iper lb:, 2r0ss.. 25-5. 9580 9940 9550 9300 9860 9790 - GUA TIO Lett board sis Whircias op eas 0-44 0:45 0-50 (0:46 0-48 0-44 Carbon-hydrogen ratio es Sate: ier, Merci Te Coking properties Location in bog DESEO RC) MEET Na ch) Sepa a ea All prospect. Maken Dy0 25 haces lec cp tetiescd tert ae All by A. Anrep, Mines Branch. Date of sampling ,/All during summer of 1914. ROEDARKS ener Le ents a ee eh *Bog traversed by Canadian Government railway.

Grand Lake Area.

New Brunswick Coal Fields.

Description.

Grand Lake Coal Co., Ltd., Rapids Mine, near Minto.

All by mine authorities.

All in the fall of 1916.

NampleiNo... feccunccare cseatewetraees 847 848 849 850 852 851 Moisture condition (see note, p. 2)...| R D R D R D R D R Dy ak D Loss on air-drying .% Results obtained by 0- Anal. Calc. Anal. Calc. Anal. Cale. Anal. Calc.| Anal. Cale.} Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— OISEUTS) Sioa cere secina eee Gaere: 1-2 1-0 1-4 1-0 1-08 Siac 254 ASHE font tear eaie natn shat 13-3 13-4 14-6 14-7 20-2 20-5 17-9 18-1 28-0 28-3] 6-4 6:5 Bixed |Carbons:.G. ves viele suse wae 53:8 54:5 53-1 53-7 46-9 47-5 50-5 51-0 42-6 43-0 58-0 59-4 Ultimate analysis:— Carbone sents ayuneerenien % Hy drogens-s4o7s sen ances % pS oaC) Arenenen circ aer te tae se Aree % feittbe) A On pension iareneys Arte an ae 6-6 6:7] 8:9 9-0] 4:9 4:9] 6-6 6-6] 12-1 12-2 ).2-5 2-6 Nitrogen it. .cnrese since eeyo! 1-0 9140s) OF9) 10:9 Oxy Gon sA2 comets sities % Calorific value:— t Buel ratio: caketuer artesian 1-70 1-70 1-50 1-65 1-50 1-75 Carbon-hydrogen ratio Coking properties: 006edansans fair coke. fair coke...| fair coke...| good coke..| good coke..| good coke. Hoffmann potash test 5 8 Location in:mine!..,.i antics ae Upper part|/Lower part/Thin seam,}Lower seam of main| of main| on bottom] 600 ft.from 600 ft. from seam. seam. mainseam.| first open-| first open- Kind of sample 3).. acc. 5: Gan skates eis a @ualitviol cosl sree nic sewage ee rea ee esc eae cre ean teat een aad neces So Pend eee Sosa aera Blacksmith

coal.

New Brunswick Coal Fields.

Description.

SAIBBIOUNO Fascias tisciarslaoetaineies steno he Moisture condition (see note, p. 2)

IResultsiobbained Pysii ici oc) Seas so yale nue Proximate analysis:— io ee Se A ee es % PAS Ae aR ae fnercict Ate at tese HA % Volatile matter 0. % MEK CORPDOM s oivs chalk vedo on cars G Ultimate analysis:— BL DOM rN Seine ales sila earwWr aveiaeavon % Hi VArOgOny. see e hho oehedinn. leer % PR al Mie othe Maes ween ates % UDIIE acer de see tO e ite ees % INTEROP screen Ge Mules ts ether Rs Os Oh To MOREE CORES BERRA SReNe Re far % Calorifie value:— Calories per gram, gross B. Th. U. per lb., gross : Beret PEMOISTAUIO -h5 31s loyatesd atc asia th eeterewes Fhe Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 3...

Woking properties asa. 2 Sve viieaateeaeets

Grand Lake Area.

G. H. King's Mine, New Brunswick Colliery , Minto.

Mil M211

Cale. Cale. Anal, Anal.

1:3 0-9 14-2 14-3 14-4 9-4 31-8 31-9 32-2 34-0 52-7 52-9 53-4 56-6 69-5 69-7 70-3 75-4 4-6 4-6 4-6 5-0 14-2 14-3 14-4 9-4 5-7 5:7 5:8 4-9 0-6 0-6 0:6 0-5 5-4 5-1 4-3 4-8 7070 7100 7160 7680 12730 12780 12890 13820 1-65 erat 1-65 15-0 15-1 15-4 15-1

Gloucester Area.

Coal from Mattampeck brook, Pokemouche.

R D R D

Anal, Cale, Anal, Cale.

very poor coke non-coking.

HMOGATION AMINE Hered as see ns a hare hac y nie RSMLLON BATIUINC Cos ha cys cia dex race knew Sas

Onalsey ron coalentic..5 We tubers wenn Mee tas

MRAM Vite athe choca sseletalesasn acacia sie eivie

PIAEOOMSATADUNE 25 its c sels cle.tye siete vie Ties

and roughly picked. coal from M11, yield 82%.

T. Denis, Mines Branch.|

POE S, 1001 sare rcotleatticci mais ane

Prospect... ... Prospect,

A. O. Hayes, A. O. Hayes. Geological Survey.

SBR ig Sirs Be 1916.

New Brunswick Peat Bogs.

Bogs near Pennfield, Charlotte county. Seely Cove bog, near Penn- Description, field, Charlotte county. Hunter bog.* Pocologan bog.*

SAIMPLOUN GO: 50-5 ee eaee IS or. Rare 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184

Proximate analysis:—

IMGistures seer re cantare ete % WASH: eitxje ce cnet h, eleiaag NG % 3-4 13-3 31-6 3-1 2-4 2-3 2-2 Volatile matter 64-4 58-9 47-7 66-9 66-8 65-9 66-8 Mixed earbonsetcee alain Q) 32+2 27-8 20-7 30-0 30-8 31-8 31-0 Ultimate analysis:— Gar bone4s Pin. Seeks et aes q RE Vdrogens teen ee oe % Ba Dies Kc heechs caine ein ame % Palphurris.ce Zits aoe oe WA 1-1 1-1 1-1 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 Nitrogeny iy ek, sce cee % 1:0 1:4 1:7 1-1 1-1 1-0 1:0 ORV GON nace eta one ec eee %

Calorifie value:—

Calories per gram, gross 5230 4910 4050 5270 5390 5330 5380 B. Th. U. per Ib; 7 erossi s 9420 8840 7290 9490 9710 9600 9690

Pueltaoscang se sccgetaites Ale nee ere 0-50 0:47 0-43 0-45 0:46 0-48 0-46

Carbon-Hydrogen ratio.,

Coking properties

Thooation: 18 bOgs aster bite vaca eee ee From General depth of| sample. over 10 ft.

iKand ofisamplescmctacicksaurente en Prospect.

RAK GUNN atau ei tins occa meee A. Anrep, Mines Branch.

LTC) UOC aL 2: RO Re a DR *Bogs traversed by the Canadian Pacific Railway.

New Brunswick Peat Bogs.

Description

SENN DIOEN Oe. aycpera tate te' aris space oP vies

Loss on air-drying % Proximate analysis:— Moistiine sili. sie sais anaes % Jt SSO RCE BOR CO EER % Volatile matter % Mixed (Garbo 4. auaraces Ktis's"s % Ultimate analysis:— BEDOD Ser eee ais a wccsvans oe % EEV.ATOCEN S.orcscieta be cee: % i ND Noha He cee Iie DS Sane % Selon caseiia clas) sik os: NG INGTON as ciara wee craters eye ove % OsvgenS radon cea uise ems %

Calorifie value:— Calories per gram, gross

B. Th. U. per lb., gross MBNEUEVAEIO} se y2hesia/sjejeinetns ors 5 eer Carbon-Hydrogen ratio

Coking properties

St. Stephen bog, St. Stephen, Charlotte county.

Hayman's bog, St. Stephen, Charlotte county.

Gitchell Settlement bog, Charlotte county.

D

MOCAMON DOP. cia ao 2a accents

RONG OL BAM PLO rsieciiee sc ese oo serve ner EPI OME Vo ean, Gina stersiRiuts asa's.Nrdne

Date.of sampling ic .c 6c. 5.00

1187 1188 1189 1190 D D D D 11-6 5-8 3-4 2-6 61-0 64-3 65-4 66-5 27-4 29-9 31-2 30-9 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 1-5 1-1 1-5 1-1 4790 5020 5200 5170 8620 9030 9360 9310 0-45 0-46 0-48 0-47 Depth of/General Depth 13 feetisample. 10 feet/sample, and over. and more, Prospect,

A. Anrep, Mines Branch.

Summer of 1917.

New Brunswick Oil Shale.

Sample No. 1040 Shale from main dump at Albert Mines.

Prozimate Analysis:—

NIGISLEIE. SF ce hs eee ee 4-4%

AGI ances otto is ere ee eee ae 73 -9%

Rixed earbonss:.0) Yous seen re eee 3-:9% Ultimate Analysis:—

Sule n+ Pelco. sca be ee eee 0-2%

INitrowen :..o5.. i aoe Je eee ee ee 0:8%

This nitrogen content theoretically corresponds to a yield of 81 pounds of ammonium sulphate per long ton.

Gross Calorific Value:— Calories: per Brame. Go's Sake 5 os 1170 BAatheve pen ib ee er aoe 2110

Destructive Distillation—tIn electrically heated retort with the temperature gradually raised to 665°C (1229°F.).

Yield of oil—4-6 per cent by weight of shale, or 12-2 imperial gallons per long ton.

The oil has a specific gravity of 0-85 at 15-5°C. (60°F.), and a gross calorific value of about 18700 B. Th. U. per pound.

Distillation with superheated steam gave results in agreement with these.

The shale was sampled with the primary object of determining whether it would be of value as a substitute for coal in case of a shortage. The dump had been made some 30 or 40 years previous during mining operations for Albertite, and there was a small amount of this substance mixed through the shale. The sample, of about 15 tons, was taken by J. H. H. Nicolls in June 1917.

ey CANADA "DEPARTMENT OF MINES

Hon, Martin ebeneg Minister; REG. McConnett, Derury eciavae

Mines Branch

EuGENE HAANEL, Px.D., DirEcToR

,

j Rh: :

Analyses of Canadian Fuels

: In Five Parts &#x27; : , Part Ii

Quebec And Ontario

COMPILED BY Edgar Stansfield, M.Sc.,

and

J. H. H. Nicolls, M.Sc.

Ottawa

J. po LABROQUERIE TACHE PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY No. 480

Canada Department Of Mines

Hon. Martin BurreE.t, MINISTER; R. G. McConneELL, DEPuTY MINISTER

Mines Branch

EUGENE HAANEL, Pu.D., Director

BULLETIN No. 23

Analyses of Canadian Fuels

In Five Parts

Part Ii Quebec And Ontario

Compiled By

Edgar Stansfield, M.Sc.,

and

J. H. H. Nicolls, M.Sc.

Law

Ottawa

J. pp LABROQUERIE TACHE PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY

No. 480

Explanatory Notes.

The samples of fuel from Quebec and Ontario collected previous to 1910 were analysed at McGill University by the staff then engaged in a special "Investigation of the Coals of Canada."' . Early "in 1910, however, this work was transferred to the Division of Fuels and Fuel Testing, Mines Branch, Department of Mines, Ottawa; and all subsequent samples have 'been tested there. :

The expressions ''anal."' and ''calc.'"' at the head of any column indicate whether the figures recorded were obtained directly by analysis, or by calculation. The usual practice was to analyse the fuels after air-drying, although, in some cases, determinations were made on samples either in the condition received, or after being completely dried.

Figures in columns ''R" refer to fuels as received; in columns "AD" to air-dried fuels; and in columns ''D"' to those dried at 105°C.

In making the determinat'ons, the necessary calculations were made to give one more significant figure than is reported. All deduced values were calculated before the rounding-off process took place.

A "Commercial"? sample of any grade of fuel is one representative of the corresponding product as shipped from any mine.

The ''Mine" and ''Prospect'' samples were collected by technical officers of either the Federal or Provincial governments; the former term being applied to those procured from deposits already under development. ''Prospect'' samples are apt to be weathered, and may therefore only give an indication of the composition of the main body of the deposit.

An account of the methods employed for the distillation of petroleum and its products is to be found in the appendix to Part IV of this report.

Contents.

Miscellaneous Samples—

Coal from Albany River, north of Lake Superior Briquettes made from organic city refuse 00000005 hy picalanthracite as sold in Ontario... 625. 5-e.0c he os dhe es Oil shale from Kettle Point, Lambton county

Oil' shale from Alvinston, Lambton county s.eeereseees Wilishaleitrom Shetland, Lambton county.6..:2.424..+2+:.-+h+s0cseres:

eM eGeN CORO inhi e se vache eGuide scsi sees eas

Odsiranpoleshercon. Grey COUNTY. an sie ahs bone Seis aac c nem eeu

Natural gas from Plantagenet township, Prescott county Natural gas from near Vankleek Hill, Prescott county Typical commercial gasolines as sold to the Canadian Government

-Ayunoo eyenoostway |'soq dnoy-np-a1gary

0L0°6 Of0&#x27;S

d OT?

"Aemyrer eqenoosimay Aq pasiaAes} Bog "APMITIEI quUaWUIaA0D uRIpeueD Aq pasiaaesy 30g, eeu seeeems hehe) shee sian Cin pe MDE e caee Serio PESO syIeWay ZI6I jo JauuNs 5 ceeeeee II6I iw elise set tis aie er wast tetas © Surydures jo a1eq Ener

"eME1IO 'yourig Soul] 'day v7 -Ipul ayeAlg 2 ib; eet euehiat toys faa! mua yee cwielle ial Sip oly 4.156 4q uayr ~yoadsoig Bray Metitc, Che ete e) ae. 6 ous: Shaper ere 'aie. ete etie. wiwiddr orpha oe 'ajdures jo pury TAGES Tene, #0 611 \ene ene is. Oe ee 0 ate ville ere veut ibis vile, ese [Ket os mss s,s, 0 ee es Oe "orqel uaso0i1pApj{-uoqie;) 0F-0 OF-0 oF-0 er bape he argo ree CRM Reg es ones jang

OTT'6 000'6 07S '6 ogc 's pe ey "*ssoi3 "q] Jed") "UL

090's 000'S 067s Cee Se Tes S8048 "UNIS JOG SOHOTE,)

se ee ase SMSC ® sage BUS Bele es a [ie es) ns oe 6 6m & ofl e BiS) ew gee aie oe) sie % rire iw ee eee eee Cae a uashxQ,

O:T 6:0 9-1 Rs 0 6 ee 6 6 6 0 04 wo % e's © Sue ens, @0b, eieiere eles e "+ UaSOININ

Se) we wliw at sile, epwinep) 96) 618) 6 6.6 4 Becéie ee © es. 0 0 uo 2] © © 6 6p @ 0 ae &- 0 eo © % S616) ie w 616 iske Sata eis Bese ke, inydjns

wee eee ele eee ee ee fea) we. 8 e0greis Tele ene) 61610. 9° Oe a) F One 6) 6/1816) 9. 0) Sie) 0 4. 01.6 % 14. 0,100 (610 OO) 8 1S Ls aw oe: wep wee eee ysy

CCC tit 9 Sn CSA a TC oan wile e si lel'sirs\ ee © 0) 0 mie <6: (e149 as © felsic 2.2 ee ee % Bye) Ce An arn ete ac yet eC aCHIC "++ uasoIpAH

ee eee eaiteiin ta (sia sea imi] wel ele fp 5.60, ¢ 6 9 918 .0%f ele sce' 8 6.9: © 6 ene e © Oe ae . . oie ee) ai 8 So. 2 (06g) 68: uoqies)

4 8-17 €+8Z $°SZ % AON S001. 6 2 6 6) Oho 2 Pies 8 elle uoqieo potty

6:69 L-S9 C:TL % Peco ecm . See's 4597 RUL aIIRlOA,

5 L a Z 0 4 9 T 4 ¢ % OGM, 0).2 0 610 me BO 66S oO Bw Oe OC mee ysy

. . Ps Pisepiis: es (she ett ps 6d eve 2 e/a are 6 2) 6) asye . oe % ae eid OLerr © is em mie mt ie . "+" *QINJSIO JA CUIIXOIY wees . fe) © Fe Osler 850 we . ee © 6 el ehers we ee els % oO Alejo es 08k 6.6 6a te 7+ +s BurArp-are uo sso'y 'Gl d d ad +d *930U 9aS) IINJSIOJAL 60Z 107 807 Tg ale) 8, are. 0) a8 18. 6, ewe ed ON ajduies

*Aqunoo -Aqunoo -Aqunoo eyenoosiwiay eyenoostuay, Aeuanses 'sou "'words9saq , PUNODED) Jesu +/30q -u0l1a319q Sa] '30q o1edaT eunode-) Wold} }eIg

*ssoq veg Jeqeng

Quebec Peat Bogs.

aihs Riviere Ouelle ee Riviére-du-Loup bog,* Temiscouata bog,t Kam- Description. county. ouraska county. SaniplerNO vee cn, 408-8 NE oe oS 21S 2 Seem 21 7 2185 219 519220 Moisture condition (see note p. 2) D D D D D D D Wossvonlam-drying 28/5/2252 7.), Ae Meee Al athe oreo Ree Pele (cca 3 6 a's Week one Proximate analysis :— IM KGy ISU es 2. Geka cutie eee ler. Geet ore ical tan Oe ae eee eens Ral er mca Sic. o each Gent SO RRC nA Toles Dees rs Ole me 4o2 O28)" 3-3 ens Ultimate analysis:— Car DOfiirc ae MeN ris otn sis wis ON Oieir® ssal event a CoP act seal lo! Eee Cae ome Sateeas cat lees eres Efdroe ena sete or it oreietanae VA bce ck cet al eee, ova eae. el oko oneal See eee les se Gist ao Besa ONE eee Ol eae eet Pe Py ect adie gccgacl lieve roe evel| PROG Salpnutsoncnresecrcse ware eek OG eer se pal RAAB dues este eed (Paes Ia ly se opncal/etereane sl eaeea Mee Nitrogen 5295 1-0) 0-9 1-1 1-1 1-0 1-1 1-1 Oxy enoe ekprebe ocho dies oe tal ote ate ae Rs nel eee arascs' ose toes cave las grstaeya METS Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross 5,030} 4,950} 5,100) 5,360} 4,960) 5,050] 5,160 GATOR Ey GrOZEMPLATIO satchinR}. ci eheke deh look desl Bh cite e rene cilpatereve gllAcie cue ['n's lenin lteteveavole Rineleotesarn pleats mestee-lieisvccereo sats Prospect. TRATKGTCIOS 7s exciateeaciclectee eae acres A. Anrep, Mines Branch. Waterot sampling. ac asacrs ce Summer of 1912. PRESTIGE Ae ran 5 or salle ott ptbokese: ono *Bog traversed by Temiscouata railway. +Bog traversed by Canadian Government railway.

Quebec Peat Bogs.

Pont Lanoraie bog,* L'Assomption bog, if Rouge Joliette and near L'Epiphanie, Description. bog, Berthier counties. |L'Assomption county. Portneuf county. SamplesNostace vic ce eel eae 1177 2045) 205" 0 206 +), 524: 5255/80 526 Moisture condition (see note,

7 Sick Sele SAAS Rae Ee D D D D D D Loss on air-drying Tl eo oaewaisieivalaoreste aivstee [aes see Oh omieet a Cee Proximate analysis:—

Moistiress.. cee ee Tos PNR a ee a bcs cc Be all apo Riess ase stole 8 2 cl en ASH sr Serie ea ee % 2-8 eZ VSPA 187i 2592S Omen Volatile matter lo 66-7 64-4) 66-4} 65-0] 66-1! 67-6} 66-9 Ultimate analysis :— Carbonsrs pee nee Dil svessbiore ere Medes silts Ae pencil ASS oe eee eee ee Hydrogentpemennnr eau 7 Soares sas Raman ania ol eines eR erase Bae sic She Be Lani oe eet aoe: fo ain asic a Above Nob 5, torte eee actatene lly Reeheect oc SURE TT ee Sulphuret eae oa eee % Oe A ee eae tees vari 021) 290 tO INittogenccpiyan wen cena Wi 1-6 ZO) ZeDZi e920 9 1-619 SiGe Oxygento tenes one eee % Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross. ... 5,760 4,940) 5,120} 4,890] 5,360} 5,390] 5,370 B. Th. U. per Ib., gross 10,370 8,900) 9,220} 8,810] 9,660] 9,710] 9,670 Fueliratio:e:ctets cane ees 0:46 0-41] 0-42} 0-40) 0-44) 0-43] 0-42 Carbon-fy drogetvation Wes cat cncie cena snes aah teeta hoes cole oe eee Kin@okcample ean eacneen a Prospect. taken bys: eee et eee A. Anrep, Mines Branch. Date of sampling en of Summer of 1912 |Summer of 1914. Keémarks 3. cayman ain salts oe Oe *Bog traversed by Canadian Pacific railway.

Quebec Peat Bogs.

St. Hyacinthe bog, St. Hy-

Canrobert bog,

A. Anrep, Mines Branch.

Description. acinthe and Bagot counties. SEEnyo) SUNKO Sas 6 Aiea ewe it ats ree roa a ae 202 203 Moisture condition (see note, p. 2) D D WOSS,OR ALE-GAIYVANS. <5. consis cue ote sce Gh HAN Specs. c4| aera Proximate analysis :— IMIOISEIE Ghee hee ciate aiketee ee ee Ol eee lies ee TENSIONS 63.58 Gee RCS Oe cA RoR RRC Cima Or Ol or. Molatile matters. .ereynos. seen aerae 62-9) 63-3 FERECECAT OOM Mts accehe ¢ oaks ores C/I 0 os) eS CO) Ultimate analysis:— (CHW RBYOSG Aastra eee cee Wears ae StS BANE cle. oes Ay CLOSE cee: (otic ets, ieee ee ae lh abr SIs awe CbiGas cee eget ah Rea teen oem ieee VA ae ssh Se bee SLOG eae aye kin oe heneyo atte ion /leeeactares| caus INGTON tery a. 0-Eerres Beis & Shad est % 1-9 1-7 Oxycen naa AGRE ee een Oo Uneaten tee Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross 4,890} 4,970 Beelih se Uepeim lps. SLOSS. esis mercy een 8,800} 8,940 ULC BRAIO sewer aa sayias,s arch is ak a oe 5 nie 0-49 Carvon hydrogen rations .& 2 easnacscee te lame eal cote. IGN GgOWSA Mp le Saitek waists Oo ect oy acho Prospect. prakenubyifieiec rt, 6 Carta tat ba aon Ses cin ae Date ousain pling ca taweriot c-utetaick faces Summer of RRGUIAEKS Sete tyr tant OAS ote colts Sige

Summer of 1916.

Rouville county.

Quebec Peat Bogs.

Industrial Peat Farnham bog, Iberville and Missisquoi Description. Con Ltd; counties. Farnham. Sami plesNor: besa see 114 929 930,| 931 932 933 934 935 Moisture condition (see MOLEM PSD) ie aksceeete sos D D D D D D D D Loss on air-drying i eR ne ore ae (ected eet are ela Be ea cll soto belle cdc oe Proximate analysis:— IY Roy ch Ub 6 So ERA EDR 7 Rene om eee Se A NG ee ler ee eRe eb cyan Sc AG ASD: fos stink Rincieied eee o Bice} 4-7 4-6) 6-0) 4-4, 5-2} 4-6) 4-3 Volatile matter % 65-8 64-7] 65-9] 63-8] 66-1] 66-6) 67-2) 66-1 Fixed carbon -28-9' 30:6)" 29-5), 30-2) 29-5) 28-2) 28-2) 29%6 Ultimate analysis :— Carbone. eee ie GN ERE ae (toll vey etl Sashes re ll aac reel coe eee esc eee Iydrosent ents... Cae eet Sal aoe ae Ell Beste Calne eee ere a e letrone auc eee Shiteraortaee eee ANE Ae Re i rn nei al Alf, eed mene Ey ear, eit AM rime Se oo Sulphuracan meee acye/olls os weet 0-2 0: 0-2) 0O- 0-2 0-2 0-2 INiEROgen armen oe ae 1-7 1-7 1-8 1-7 1-8 1-5 1-7 Oxy genie saci a Hip We Aso eho ie eres lemurs license eel ome Rete lured cella mee no Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross} 5,430 5,340) 5,440} 5,350) 5,420) 5,400} 5,540} 5,400 B. Th. U. per lb., gross} 9,770 9,620} 9,790) 9,630] 9,760) 9,720) 9,970) 9,730 Puération. esse cae ae 2: 0-44 0-47) 0-45} 0-47) 0-45) 0-42) 0-42) 0-45 Carbon-Hydrogen .mieieahe ae ol is occu ccueee = sees, rcdlin epe< eae eo eee Kind of sample Commer-|Prospect. cial. Taken" Dyscncatac eee: Opera- {A. Anrep, Mines Branch. tors of bog. Date of sampling |1911. Summer of 1916.

REMARKS Sem cette

Quebec Peat Bogs.

Description. Girard bog, St. John's county. RID LEMIN Own aeh ttele a avcistaiteiare teeter HOR Piet 2 itis tz ih7Sletage Moisture condition (see note, p. 2).). D D D D D D D Koss on air-drying ' (a) histes Shall tes So an I Brera epee al (ae ee a Proximate analysis:— BVEOISUULC OR ietirt tte eee Pe saaler 2A latins See Sl See SEN ERT ee ME eR el ee Siar eye en no cs. she Seton ak Wi 372) 5°8) 6-2) 18-6] 10-3) 9.5] 98.0 Wolatilermatter + nase oe ae 62:6) 64-0) 61-1| 53-9] 58-3] 61-2! 62-1 Rxeduca boners state. sere cos Ye) S22 USA Bist DiTise ile SOO ea DOC Ultimate analysis:— CARE ae ty eee eae SHENG css Sool hy aA CAL. Reena ee] eee cel ace IV CTOR ent sen ties sentation illo caches hs cos ps all Scie kl COP ae AR age ORI Ue Ola cige. eRe ee De ee ae HE dite all cae arate to a Sean Ra eel ee ea cee Sil heniee wees meets. 0-4) 0-6) 0-6] 0-6 0-6} 0-6) 0-6 INEEEOR ERE. watts eta arya 0 1-6 1-9 1-8 2:0 1-6 1-6 1-8 KO KY COIs een ch scenes tes (Nin Bicracesl ts: 5% hen 'Sela el CuO SiR eS cee eRe me (ee Calorific value :— Calories per gram, gross 5,270} 5,280) 5,180} 4,530] 5,050] 5,050] 5,240 Bath Ws per ib:, grosses 4... ...6 9,480) 9,500) 9,330} 8,150) 9,090} 9,090] 9,430 UCIRTATION Cees e fone ee ones ee 0-51) 0-47} 0-53} 0-51} 0-54} 0-48] 0-48 Peer oerrty drogen ratio. amie cr [aes lc) Seale ee loom Mal cost hee ee te ae ISindsoumsam ples tran. s-herpes nae Prospect. PAK ON er tte fiat apn earache vs A. Anrep, Mines Branch. Daterolscampling sees.) cee Summer of 1917. Remi ATI CS wees tiers, ek ga eee

"ACMITCI yuniy puri Aq pasioaesy 80g, oLieliere; 6h aling 65 ty b oq B.S easier a) ee eee fun (eteNe ee SYICUIDY Z161 jo JQUIWINS Si wab, sue 00 04678, FI6L jo JOWUING Wie fe 616 eile ie 6b Ol6l jo JOwWWNS a BW (e806 piel/ey ana) ee eyes wie enay es surjdures jo a1eq "youeig SOUT 'doiuy W ae era eae erce oe. en oY ee Slip le reint Wer ale as iste Aq udye *podsoig o aleve. 6 ate Lady ere ihie ee) 6.06: 0 abe sane ajdures jo pury eT re eee eat ee tal faiali ad ein ia) ol aiahe Tenia ke ¢.6re.s/e. 6: silage (eth is. Rap a) ee ca (8 ©) (Sis 0L "8 0 Mle oe SS 9) ene ale mye se} oie Sees 6 18 8 8% ee no ee oer uaso1pAyy-uoqies) £F:0 L¥°0 tT 0 SP 0 9F°0 TS°0 SP 0 Lv°0 SPE VEN Seers a an eae ae, ae Mine. onjed Jony OSs '6 076 '8 0£S '6 067 6 oes'8 026'8 O8E 6 067 '8 OOPS Sealeee oe oie ssoi3 "q] tod "9 "UL "d ore's 0L6'F 0672'S O9T S$ OFL 7 096'F OT? $ OCL'F OL9° Fa Poo ss0as 'weis Jad sa1s0jea —onjea oyl1ojeD en oie eRe AES at aiaulln! nitaika se: hdl laa' )il|- ep heim cep e ne tes stil Zel ba. meu ao. ai TR) Se is a Ce: 8) ive) 49! 619 0 ei SBN) Oe OFM SE SS 8h ow Bah Cases) O/, eae fancies Sates as et ee AU OAC) 0-2 Lh 0:7 9-1 eg 0-2 6'1 are 47 Oe he aot Mea ae uas0ItIN ard ttn a etek a areleie ) S20 cele 8! 0) ].— se 6 6 te 0s ZI 0 $0 $0 £0 Oi O00 BAO ae ee eS real ete SNL ad aia tee Oe. © MAL ace ele .e 216 ee aie weber me lthaal wi eab 82 ete) eo) ails vb pd ae) 6 6 Cee je ce B/W udy Beeler wwe Tt arg ee ee. 0 8 fe) Bre 8 ©) © whe % oak 66 ae 2 ie eo ae es ee NES we 8 O5el 6. ale, © ysyv ee ene me! cm aelt et airaeall|/aWeWed als csi ele i10e) aks ey tient a0 lie se) n 6116.8 (s°M aig .8))| eV Re tege te eke) ee) Ai [ei Ore, S. Suigie/s 15B 0) 2) eet ee ere ee YES 2s, wee eave belo. 8 \é- 0) a 6 -ugsompAP Dipeehte: eta es ieee 6 ee) 916 eee © we), 6) we 6.8) B) ee O80 OF or en Bs Herd EC ACW FD OME OUT AORN ING ic inca eae ieaeee 20 [AG

DALG a a 0 3 €° 62 (OpkiYG CoLG GAVE LLG 8C OIG OG Meee ogee es ee uoqieo polly co: 09 6°49 8-S9 7°S9 £:6S 9°19 9-99 T-09 1-19 terrae oe 8 ee ker 49} PUL aITVLJOA 1-8 LF 0:s 9°S £: Sl 8:9 L ¢ FTI ¥ Il % aie eieGe.v¢ of vide (#3 re ee ee SLe de meee (lee yusy Ped eM iss Poa aha Lee's tals Ve lace" ea Hist wie Maser ene Thahieloltet ©, 9 ei8 iis) 4s i6 bier o "aie Weng Sixt) (mre) eile f.e eve Si see tk eke grcoree Ty ee ee Slee % Sy 0) BPOLAl.e are Oe) Riere 2a. Sere ai aveda age "9INJSIO JA —sishjeue eUIIXOIg CMC eee ra tae dan eet are kre ek oP: eb hee! Ty. Ce. SS bi @ 8) Weer) B&B SSN eden eee E mee Ss ha cas 28 *"SulAip-11e uO sso] ad qd gd qd al Gi d Gg Cee See os (z 'd 'aj0u as) dINJSIO J] 10é 0072 661 86l LoS 87S £P6 Giso) Ted ote lar Oe atc anna in in Se US ERN a a ON aydures -Aqunoo -Aqunoo *sorqunoo *sorqunoo uopsununy uopsulquny uopsununy apjtAroideny 'Aqunoo ayraserdeny 'uopsurjunp] Jeu 'uopsuljunyy Jeou pue pue '30q 'uondriosaq :30q !30q ayiAreideny AensnvazeyD PPM BAL Tews PP PL asieq |'AensneayeyD) 'oer eT

*ss0gq veq I9qGendO

Ontario Peat Bogs.

Government bog, f A

Moose Creek bog,

Description. fred, Stormont county. Prescott county.

Sample No.. 74 562 659 660} 661 662 663 Moisture condition '(see

ALOUCS IED eettis Se ie sha, os D D D D D D D Loss on air-drying Bee iee TEs es ee ROR esta get oP ES ssa: GE Cae RS (NE nH Proximate analysis:—

OMSL Ue ee rae tee holt Seeaia eects oil Sete ee ete ae aris ellis Sook welll Soeae tes ailteea, a: ade lievatayawe

BAG He pepe Speech sos x uae % 6-0 5-4 9-7 10-8 11-9} 9-8 9.9

Ultimate analysis :—

ALOT amen actsletee 2 % 56-0 5.5/2 A Temes eng aearc eeu c: eae te enuhy Alps iy nOSOMe rrer.c/ cate % 5-2 Die ema EMR Oe eee. Pee cn dll creat al ewspeie ais JG is Sve pk Seas aie ee Oe teers dee tr eet epee ue temttavel lies euweae nears lla as anc ieee DPUlphutssmeriace ae a: A don rome te er 0-2 OZone OFS) 1h 105) 1-085: 025 INSEROP Cmte ceiies cs OA atetaiaes ets 1-5 PAVE PAS Meads ZO eZ d ORV RET Heres nore es: Be Die ence te S23 eae mae ee EW. ies ie [ant atau encreeewers

Calorific value:— Boe per gram, gross} 5,250 5,290 4,660 |4,660 |4,740 |4,690 |4,700 B. Th. U. per Ib., es 9,460 9,520 8,390 {8,390 18,540 |8,450 |8,460 Carbon- Hydrogen ratio . 10-7 LOS ei eal Petre terrains coo a ies uno lae meee Kind of sample Commercial|/Commercial] Prospect. WakKens DY gacec se occa aes Anrep, Mines Branch. of bog. of bog. Date of sampling Season of |Season of |Summer of 1915. 1910. 1911.

aris cl Maya wdy, 1911. 1915.

REIMARKS Beant ee

+Bog traversed by Canadian Pacific railway.

Ontario Peat Bogs.

Meath Description. Richmond bog,*f bog,f Westmeath bog, f Carleton county. |Renfrew Renfrew county. county.

TOLEMP.02) cease thea eee D D D D D D D Loss on air-drying A Pee (ATES PORE R isin ESO ny SEE, ali aeacn Is Klein mate, sia" Sc Proximate analysis :—

Motsturetsece eo. oe 5 AA ra ere Go| le ert ae (ae el IM icine RI OM st asta ogee libinscoreis olf i459 6

Pixedscarpbotienn ss GAAS Pzevas Pee NN PMY Pi aalaoy i silo ip POO) ied! Ultimate analysis :—

CarDonkne as tates 1/5 ee aoe (eee ed Ioan t enlin sie eal eel rater tnt alld Sco 3 2

Iiydrogensa foleN tos Giegalldiee swore llsvaualie so Cue evesemmeeed tele weticiel| Shokete,toel| een eats, aan

Ash Aeris Sty co GDR Mc) icy Puthes, eee isp eatin alrel serial a: wie ainsi wien coe tele fe, to oa' reir etyegias'a)|\/eikensatye\ at Gyll wise ioe a ae aR

Nitrogen coliads 2 Vie 0 1-9 2-1 ls? 1-8 1-4 1-7

Oxy Ceninicee Aaa A arene ea ne aad Um Lee ee es tery Me BreRe O he Sih Kis aflic.o oo: Calorific value:—

Calories per gram, |4,680 |4,710 4,420 |4,700 |5,200 |5,270 |4,850

Carbon= Hy drogen ratio nalrectirclous nt ste cise fll atta scale hel nee eet eee Kind of sample Prospect.

aLaken Dynan me cise siete Date of sampling Remarks7 a. tones oo

*Bog traversed by Canadian Northern railway.

Ontario Peat Bogs.

Manilla*} Sunder-* Stoco bog,*t bog, near| land Holland bog, near Description. Hastings county. |Mariposa,) bog, |Bradford. Simcoe and Victoria Ontario York counties.

county. county.

Sample Nome grte sce 456 457 458 446 448 46 47 48 Moisture condition (see

MOLE MPD) Aue eens ov D D D Dine D D D D PROSSROMEAIE A GVAT OC Ayko babe eas Weer satel ade te ate ysee etc Callies ieee vac MRS Meee MM lie, eae Proximate analysis:—

IMKOVENED) eis s Beer A aes Wall Gc cse all ice beagle RET (LaPeer Oo

Fixed carbon. F421 299-Fth 8-8 WH 2823. 2142 24-6 2320

Garbontrnssercne a ar msigill aceaee Soll dire Ceo cCULG A cs 4, 6 eto cll RCI Eee eee eal cee ae Eydrogen :... GE he ere [ies etc tl cco eco Oy ofl db ic Pee oR eRe eae eee spree ral es SHARA seers eietenic: AN ere a Mae ERT RE Soll ots eons ohees ausiviltc Wea ones [tepbeeer.c Sulphurises oni sotsir OR eae. sires Sinica 0-6 QENGM seve; e ih. Snes eal eas INItKOSeN ee err Al a 2-2 Dee Dit 2-1 Tis Oen lis Meee e DAE Tes ee Oxygente ann er Mlk Abell S23 ose cal oon 6.5, cll whet Stu.0 © ots eos Saree eR eaten lao ae Calorific value:— Calories per gram, Bethe. per Ib., TOSS ses ee nee ely O10) 17, 750) 17,310 8,100 3985280 \7;610

Carbon-Hy drogen rations eee ern ee PO IT lie eyes lane Ax ste iene oral aate

Kind of sample Prospect. Malkenubyerne Ware's s aaa: A. Anrep, Mines Branch. Date of sampling *Summer of 1913. +Summer of 1910,

PREMMANKS sev. sono site 6 ee. cis tBog traversed by Canadian Northern railway.

Ontario Peat Bogs.

Holland bog, near Bradford. Simcoe and York

Description. SamiplepNiorer ers of eleva Moisture condition (see

NOCE; Pye) saeee ek rae wee Loss on air-drying %G Proximate analysis:—

IMioistunesscaee ene eine %

INSHEY, onUicks, Hatreleereasions (9)

Volatile matter %

Biseds carbone 2 % Ultimate analysis:—

Carbonreaseneer 8. ta %

Elycrogentpi a eet eae %

Shape vo cie eS ateuts %

Sul phuttycee-s are sere Yi

INitrogeneeeeneeks eas %

Oxygen; concern sche %

Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross. B. Th. U. per Ib. gross... Mel ratho. vescncev arith te Carbon-Hydrogen ratio. ...

Kind sofsamplema.w snes oa Ket: lyse sr) reyes lean tos Date of sampling Remarks: es cien. serrac ae

counties. sy? 53 D D Peele oe 66-9) 63-6 24-3) 26-3 aye. Tee 4,650} 4,430 8,380} 7,980 0-36) Q-41

PTO urs — +

Prospect.

A. Anrep, Mines Branch.

Summer of 1910.

Description.

eSamplesNo: ns...

Loss on air-drying%

Proximate okies - Moisture.. oe

Volatile matter % Fixed carbon...% Ultimate ata —

Carbon.. seas: Hydrogen. Seas q

SM... . ee ee eee oO Sulphuraewsac<: % Nitrogens..4:..0: % (Osage seaancah

Calorific value :— rece per gram,

"gross Oa eee

Fuel tatiossas.-n-

Carbon-Hydrogen TAUIOM AL bios hai

Date of peak Remarks

Ontario Peat Bogs.

Marsh Hill bog, Ontario county.

.|Prospect. Maikembyy-s tomes he x-1-h A

. Anrep, Mines Branch. ./Summerof 1913.

.|Bog traversed by Grand Trunk railway.

Ontario Peat Bogs.

Amaranth* West-* Cargill*} Fortt bog, near Luther bog, near Grand* jover bog,| bog, Frarices Description. Crombie, Valley. Dufferin and Went- Bruce bog, Dufferin Wellington counties. worth county. Rainy county. county. River county. Sample No 449 450 451 452 445 447 144 Moisture condition (see note, BOA eee D D D D D D D Loss on air-dry- BENG sree cic 70 5 Nac' aiteetetcaca lease ate covet Feegeteelte/ nt OoEI Wig Tae ieee ail ee cnet eee Proximate analysisi— Migistureriit: Go| Mar seats locos ome iocs ee el cee hee Ree Laie Sena Se ease Ashswatcice te Vo 12-9 2-7 10-9 18-8 20-3 26-3 8-7 Volatile matbers yeas 1 GeO 59-9 67-2 61-1 56-8 55-6 51-6 62-4 Fixed carbon. % PASE 30-1 28-0 24-4 24-1 Doll 28-9 Ultimate analysis:— Carbon Oise dea ae Woes fte-a (5.4 Nano -evks sous, ueyaaell Wo cues state l ype bac re let ae ee PA rOoe Mer bolic Gene he bee kr Sats] Side whi arl| ova ceases acl eee yell eee eae AGhey eee siete Toltetiapiertol ete; [tarie, shai, so fell'e! 'shiel.c js) iiwite aa tec ekesce ce tartect ett gy, ey to ee ehielll Re EMS me Tee a Sulphurs % Uo aI ry Maren ey bed leans Mogren 1-3 0: SU eeeceee Nitrogen % 1-7 0-8 2-4 1-8 2-3 2-1 1-7 Oxygen. 5 rca Eni, Er A A CS OR eke ore Open. oA

Calorific value: Calories per Bh: WU. per Ibs -eross.. 8,710 9773605) 385200 1755300) 7, 9208) 7400 8,910 Buelirattossenser: 0-45 0-45 0-46 0-43 0-43 0-43 0-46 Carbon-Hydro- PEM TA CLOv ae arene|| hele feceieee Ret cl cps cheaastt scx: ote re shall Ree Sot oe oe

Kind of sample. |Prospect.

Taken by. :..+.. A. Anrep, Mines Branch.

Date of sampling|*Summer of 1913. 7Summer of 1911. FRET ar Ss itay-vote Ne aveterag stem meN egy 2s iol ora aiskcld slg wich avetacneevgete alee bencestaie toe on cea oe ire ee

Description.

Sample No Moisture condition (see note, p. 2)... Loss on air-drying% Proximate analysis:- Moisture Volatile matter. vA Fixed carbon... % Ultimate analysis :— Carbonees sna. Hydrogen

seen ee ene

Calorific value: ace per gram,

'gross

Ontario Peat Bogs.

No. 1 bog, mileage 249.

Taken by Date of oe Remarks

7-ft.

.|depth.

Samples from bogs on T. & N. O. Ry., South of Cochrane.

No. 2 bog, mileage 240.

No. 3 bog, mileage 243.

A. A. Cole, Chief Engineer, T. & N.O. Ry. .|Summer of 1917. .|These samples contained 85% to 90% of water when received.

Miscellaneous Samples.

Description.

SamplesNovwn sae Moisture condition

(see note, 'p. 2)... Loss on air-drying. % Results obtained by. Proximate analysis :— Moisture A

Volatile matter. Fixed carbon... Ultimate analysis:— Carbon

Calorific value:— Calories per gram, ROSS Ae ee gross Enel! ratios acest oe

Carbon-Hydrogen ATAtIO bor Ses Coking properties...

Specific gravity

Coal from* Albany River, North of Lake - Superior, Ontario.

Briquettes made from organic city refuse with tar asa binder.

Anal. Cale.

Agglomerates slightly.

Typical anthracite coal as sold in the Province of Ontario.

Anal. Calc.

Anal. Calc.

No. of samples TEpLeSented cea se eniarks;7 ae. ee

*Sample taken about 15 years previous by a private individual.

I I ! 6 ZI I a ates ee paquas -a1do1 sajdures Jo 'ON "oAQSp1g "aADSPIIG *9A0IG 337] "90euINYy "gAOSPIIG SOO EUG a ae yes clan ecg aZIC LI6t-9T6l LI6I—-9T6l LT6I-9T61 LT6I-9T6L LI61-9T61 OTOI-STO6L STOTS=S TOR ee oe a o7eq Crum Wars Uae . PX wa ' 2. 5) eles aia: wd uemeilié ar aie) Woe @ cep) a elie) fis (ad) Oe, eS) 6 dy © fails fave. a. 8) 3 alee poste) o. v2. ve oe Pim eer ner "'sarqiedoid Suryo) soacad peensvall oeasiok. Seo ge dlie thn as) Je dln oss] ee Biel cis tletcme enotct MGS cacunersielileey Gatti] Isl siesmli ieee 0] fai aaNir ane arenas (auras Nae eee anaae ones uasoi1pAP{-uoqies) owas "nwo galls oe plate SusbcBaollecetlale ceo Btticel tees old Gil=eciashand cl lease--.ll allie Deraneeg IRs rasa NAitSrme para arene ME oar irre (one ae era ones any OZ' ZT OZT'TTIOLO'ET OL6'TTIOSO'CE OLF'ZTIOIS*ZE OFE'ZTOTT'EL OT9'ZTOOL'TT OGO'TTIOL6'ZE OLS ZT sso18 "ql od "Q "UL A 08L°9 O8Tt'9 09a 0C9e Ob 00a Me OEO. ON 0G lee ae OSSs OOGGuee 00082 1005.98 091 9 10Le L - 0869 Sso18 'wes iad sor0jed —onjea oylIoje7 Revahcdatiem one Chl bie) a allipawtet ace ta Mel be ele Biste oe mtn? ee "are "a: ea ev sieve 6d 6:6, @ ph bho Betta ie) 6.8 0p: . eats eee is 6) @ ays fo. fie eres & 6 CEES YD SBD SEI I GVO 8 Saas me ee Micra a SCN aa criti a feetinlr sis Met Stil at "elie eal ite anal a? Mal Ww wite nie liPetets esl bo skate! ave eifletste a oe OR Seles Wace Ge ese oe Oe "++ -UaZ0IJIN — §'0 LO 6°0 8:0 O-T 6°0 8:0 8°0 8:0 8:0 L:0 L:0 6°0 6:0 Of ee a RG RS Se ee rk ie ae en, win CaM Bint nt ap) Stet ebb rae eh hoa) © all! Nes pS 8 ail sitencl @ ss seth @ tasers 6 6 oe oS SV eee fee sw ee 6th ke DY Sioa a SN SS ate tana key wi tilionerana. nie ll) sfc}. aes Bere BN y we ee Se el ee oe we . a, 9) ae owiehe ater ete 8 is) ae Vis Se hess % 8 ee Sp ens apy ara aes 8 DIAS 20 SOOTY LOR TOY Prsiicraceline tome tm ie tee CPR Pure Urb CL Iie i mR Te aco PIE (30 ag a ae Se aati eatin eles hey suet, Ch 2a Pe AMC SET CS Dy Ca) eke arte et he eae ae as Se Se OCCT % ee oy Gary ude havin uoqies —sisAyeue Cully) Se ee ee ae eet ey ia pnp Site ae Ns enlist a netig®) ee hls Gs rales ep aire © ao bea here pe we 8698 a es Bf eee wee le tee a ew ole te RS ak Ath bee aly © % ene yarece uoqieo pexly Sone aes a Gon nepigaallioiec fetes) oy ocG tnieral [dee Setar nb Enya teach) Rach CRORORCIN= Gorn icp yiod tp ikl s Cur GmenSCCNCTar mar) UCC Ia Mr fr a a eC on (ac a % 3937 eu aqeJOA, 0:9T OST aise: PL SUG O:7l We Came VieasT GAVE 18 <6) Lee ee) PGC Pe (Vie oe a ON ee ysVy ea. @ ahaa 6°83 fe Leys 6 8, 6°83 ate is Pec 8-¢ WES ae) B°¢ 2 ate ee @ 6°¢ Bete te .e..6 ANG tae ae (e, jects Opes **"**-QInqSIO JA CUNIXOIg SOIC) 'yeuy] 'oeo TEI SED 'yeuy| 'oleo 'yeuy| "oeo 'yeuy} "oles 'yeuy] "oyeg Aq poutejqgo sinsayy ee ene . obo) oe by ihe eas 66 CML Loe Pech eu Sal Sie Sa Uva Set Cbs Tae ck 5/6) ec: tek ete te as) (6.18) be] eva ees ites ieee ave unre e terns 10/ © --BurAIp-s1e UO Sso'T d u d ua d ud d u d a d ua d tab Sic (z 'd 'aJ0u 9as) [A 106 978 éI8 £18 118 069 S805 ee ip a soe tae ON OLIJUGQ JO UTAOIG UI Pjos se [vod azrORIYyUP YeoIdAT, 'uondriosaq 'sorduvg SNosUL][IIST J a —s, mol ee

SBUTU9IIIG qnuysayy ST6I-LT6L STOI-LT61 ST6I-LI61

ar eimire "give ieee) (e.um ats, yet ok eee 062 '21 086'TT TT a Ue lee aa) aa Sie oat a Rildis / a) Sia bie ye, O¢g 9 099'9 cho aeons or ai rat ea le a cea SA (Ai ai o-cl Oo vst 6°91 CH! secs ea + 666 rietees Tig rettees @.7 PONT MARSUAG IGT a ANE SO ARAN qd ua d el d ua 9eTT axa' LYCT

S GU iy Nair cee Ssh pejuasaidoi sojdures jo 'ony

334 a0euINn ole: ple e.Ae 0. © Je) ial Oh wale 1e_Jelopielib. Ole: ie © 10) Clee e ele 6 oe wae 9ZIC

. ey a 9 eerie Sell waves inde a, sieitelS @ 0.0. © wif' vife"are ace '6.0.0.0 lee &c0 0b ale a @ sorjsadoid Bulyod

sislisite ss sie ele eis ellie © sisim 6 tape von ie © 0.4) eifleve (00 s fae pies Pec ge OTN uaso01pApy-uoqie)

RRR Ly tents gta Te cre: ne ketelll ares Mace Fe Wie agate Oat GL hte pene mae ones Jang Apt elepm ie 16 0.10..8 ee ON eT 09¢ 'ZT eaters ee SCOTS UCT TOG ea) mekl [ome ey Wiper anid ,'4) ate ew, beer AL Alpe 060'2 013'9 encase CR 98 pr 'wue18 13od salloje)

—ronyea oylsoye) ROeTe ele Sih se 8 ares, 6 sR a Bye da oye ee 0 ene D0 ORE OG BIO OEE NCS EES ORL ORC SI EY S CG Bee) eee et ene @ (enetece © els eAbie.s © 6 aces Con nig es OER BSS Sancta ES Shee SOLENT PLO bol Tyr OT a en ae Te Cee 6:0 8-0 EEO CER RATES Sle PERS CHIMES Tha (eh Lets . Sr ehis aid e's eup) 6s 619) o eo l08 iw a ec 9te (ecw le le 6, se. .0 % Ring. @lahiw) e%Aiie "60! (a9) a: oa 6 6lis bald peel er. @ca ye s0 6) ysy ekebe'6).e).n aes) @ 6 e-wverwie'} ©..0, of eS ie o e668) e bala o OF Mian esto ERS ETO GOT DET pa) s atansleley a) ef ee eels 2 ele amis jeve''@ eee vimise Ye CumWeseLD/.© 8, &. Cele v0 owe 6.6) 8,0 le ab wlece uoqie7y

—sIsAjue eUINII/) na she ese. lp (ae see) ce 616 2) 1d) glee. mo is eljale6 \o)'e 6Xe.e O ewer wr tn eee EU OG TES petty Seu lates ele) a0 (e hl eel eer eS) Bee eS de® RAS OM % let ay Wie Lede le a We wpa) ace 16) wy ie. mye "Joqyeu 9°ST PST 8°FI FT % wie 669.0) 0 lO 16s, @. 6.6 0 & ap be dsene Leu base) er Mieiend ysy ene ee er LT al Se Pe Rs ie Oa a) sie os es ee OAT STOAT

3yeD 'jeuy yea 'yeuy tno to A, OU Cn Cmte? ed nce naan &q pourezqo

fe eflet HreMeNanel isi eters) vid wise) sieieis ce ven e. a sisyinte tools -m Of eagles erat eg 22 SUT ATP aTleatlOlSSOF]

97ZI 6FZT TIM OT OND aL eb ae et.e ase) el ewes ord) ei ble et 6.cld.e 'ON gjdures

'uondiioseq

'O1lIRJUG JO BDUIAOIY UT Pjos se JBOD ayORIyQUe [eoIdA TL

'sojduieg snosuvyijeosi fy

Miscellaneous Samples from Ontario. SAMPLES Nos. 963-965. Oil shales from Kettle Point, Lambton county. No. 963—Upper 33 feet.

No. 964—Lower 13 feet. No. 965—Separate 3 feet deposit of shale.

Sample. No. 963. No. 964. No. 965. WWEGISCUIE Cry. Ser area hs tis male tous Giese cane ices orate abs 2:3 Dc 1-8 INS Ds cecil Siagucd ob OD OME ae aI Oe ee 84-6 81-7 82-5 otter i cds in nbs l oe cree. 9-0 10-0 10-1 BURCMUCAL HOM ai ronl matte amine Knee oem cee cee 4-1 6-2 5-6 INTEROP OH Mie wtat inant seh Acree tists Fras cine toni ae oe 0-13 Oe Ear Src oh Calerific value, gross— Calories pereran.c aaa. 20 coccinea te 890 1,180 1,100 Peelnaeaeonerl ly acca 4 ais 5 vis ectens ee tee ae 1,600 2,130 1,980 SOOM CHOTA VALY Aen nave a sictaue ans sc cieiOe so tee 2:3 Dio As altars ie Resa sete

The nitrogen content is low, theoretically corresponding to a yield of about 15 Ibs. ammonium sulphate per long ton.

Samples taken by M. Y. Williams, Geological Survey, Ottawa, during the summer of 1916.

SAMPLE No. 1151.

Oil shale from Alvinston, Lambton county.

Analysis— INT OISEL INC eves Sie retteecttee Fey eh ae ee TE eet sess axe wd 1-3 ENS EG op tice dino cee IL bis Dien Geek te 90-0 Wiolatiesmatterne ce le kat here tee eters ere rons isos Thess) ETCCECAL DOTA MIR oN rae Dee a eS ie teas Woes is sac i fa se 1-2 INTEGERS Ne. Gta ca keke Get Oa echoes Es en ee aa ae od 0-32

This theoretically corresponds to a yield of 34 lbs. ammonium sulphate per long ton.

SDECIIC Ora VITVa ee ete mele aed tenn ws Sane, 2-5 DESTRUCTIVE DisTILLATION: In electrically heated retort, with temperature slowly increased up to 650° C. (1,200° F.). Yield of oil—3 imperial gallons per long ton. The oil has a specific gravity of 0-872 at 15-5° C. (60° F.). Ammonium sulphate obtained—6 lbs per long ton.

Sample taken by M. Y. W illiams, Geological Survey, Ottawa, during the summer of 1917.

22 , es SamMeLE No. 1152. :

Oil shale from Shetland, Lambton county.

Analysis— A Wey CRAG eae et tor OR arrears aio aes ove 1-1 yen ah, RO Voll Sia New een eee tn Ariens Scone New ory 90-0 NGlACLLe ATCO histo eicen keane ey -Cel ran open h et nent 8-1 Fixed: Car bond lecudian ole cloeter les cletteyets mais eevee etenea at ale 0-8 EN bag @oy"d=1 NE ene A Ont ei Beatin ait Seiko ioe nich 0-28 Specific gravity. 25 ..g5- 226 ees e ee eee ee Se 728 2-6

DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION: Similar to last.

Yield of oil—4 imperial gallons per long ton.

The oil has a specific gravity of 0-891 at 15-5°C. (60° F.). Ammonium sulphate obtained—6 lbs. per long ton.

Sample taken by M. Y. Williams, Geological Survey, Ottawa, during the summer of 1917. SAMPLE No. 385.

Oil from Russell county, at a depth of 950 ft.

DISTILLATION Test: Engler apparatus, continuous method. First droptat-1667C.

Temperature. Per cent by Nature of Distillate. volume. O° 150 Cree teeters ser 0-0 Naphtha. 502 00 Genes create te © 4-0 200225 0 Ce Beep eeeieietetes 2 17-4'42-0 |Illuminating oils. 250 3002 Career eee se 20-6 58-0 Lubricating oils, tar, etc.

S002 ——highers sre teteeon eer + ele:

The sample submitted was so small that only half the usual quantity was used for the distillation test, and therefore the results are not strictly comparable with those from distillations employing the full quantity of oil.

Sample submitted by private individual in September, 1914.

SAMPLE No. 631. Oil from a well at Flesherton, Grey county. The oil was light yellow in colour, somewhat turbid and possessed

no pronounced odour.

DISTILLATION TEsT: Continuous method..- First drop at 150° C.

Per cent by ' Temperature. volume. ei Sk ae eee COME A eas Oe rr 58-5 LESS SRR arene cL RNY ae en rr S52 SATE 08 Orca NA 9% 3 Sie iia SA) (enn en 6-0 WSs SSSA Ge oC e ane IN . OR sn, Gk eee Soe een ea 0-3

Sample submitted by Dr. Sproule in October, 1915. SAMPLE No. 714.

Natural gas from a shallow well on lot 24, concession VIII, north of Plantagenet township, Prescott county.

Analysis— INL SEMA NG HE, eats etic Rete ark a1 a aca Whe 85:0% INTErOg EN pects eae SR ce eed eee eee RE cs 15-0% DDC SIEV Ee care es te ee ES 5 0-610

Calorific value, gross: 865 B. Th. U. per cubic foot, of moisture free gas at 60° F. and 30 inches mercury pressure.

The gas is practically insoluble in alcohol, and is therefore a dry gas.

Sample submitted by E. D. Ingall, Geological Survey, Ottawa, in April, 1916.

SAMPLE No. 1318.

Natural gas from a well near Vankleek Hill, Prescott county.

Analysis— Carhonkdioxide manent eas anaes as 0-8% PORTS sot hcbi op gO OE POS BAe SE Oe Re Hora 6 ae 0-4% MIC OVI 6 Biglbrciis Coa Be tne ea UTI ea 4 ot 66-2% INTURGESSY c Gard aesates 6 Payee leon Ree Gai aaa 32-6%

Sample taken by private individual during April, 1918.

Typical Commercial Gasolines as sold to the Canadian Government.

SAMPLE No. 404.

Specific gravity.—At 15-5° C.

Distillation Test: Engler apparatus, continuous method.

First drop at 58° C.

Temperature. Per cent by volume. Total per cent by volume. SB oO Ra: Fac Riace cee cae ied ees 4.5 4-5 LOS —— a8 Ope. ote ERI et ease Ox shar 14-3 18-8 SO°— SOSA tanec eae eee hie oleae. 17-9 36-7 90° 100 a8 Steer teres ey escr ee ak. oc oo 18-9 55-6 1Q08 10 anes ete ate ee oe ose orice aoe 15-4 71-0 1102120 Ceara ern ee eens orn oe: 11-9 82-9 1209-1302 eer reer aerate asan nls ue 7°8 90-7 130° 140) Soe one een eer et 3-9 94-6 140315 0P oe eee srs s Sela 1-8 96-4 P5O° 1540. ee Pelee ree age oe io 0-9 97-3 Resid wé:..cccieetir nee cas oie 1-2 OSS csi ch ake ele estas mata moana opera e ie leyeu ere 1-5 Sample received November, 1914. Number of samples tested during 1914—three. SAMPLE No. 754. Specific gravity—At 15-5° C. 0-721.

Distillation Test: Engler apparatus, continuous method. First drop at 66°C.

Total per cent by Temperature. Per cent by volume. volume. oe Sy Wak Ceri Septal tad 0 014, 0.0 6 RENE 0-7 0-7 Ve SEU Cats ees Sn cree 6c ORONO 5-9 6-6 SOc= DOVE tan eee ro ete st 13-6 20-2 902100 71Ce aes artnet eicces: ones 17-2 37-4 100° —1 108 Co aes. ep Maer ehet 8+ lee 17-9 55-3 10S 12S Ce, ete Rene es 8: 14-6 69-9 120° 130% Cy aceniG cere ers coe 10-4 80-3 130° — 14 02. ayesha ns oe ee su 6-9 87-2 1402S 1502 Cre ae ee emer ce 4-1 91-3 1502 ==160G.9 a een: fea 2-6 93-9 16021170: Cetera. ethene eee 3 8 3 1-6 95-5 As Wy otc CEES ee ca CREE 1-0 96-5 Resid Ge 343 22 Aces rn aee eee nee oe 1-8 TiOSSiaity Se sos tpse See hee nS se tees 1-7

Sample received July, 1916. 1916—three.

Number of samples tested during

SAMPLE No. 1142. Spectfic gravity.—At 15-5° C. 0-743.

Distillation Test: Engler apparatus, continuous method. First drop at 76° C.

Temperature. Per cent by volume. Total per cent by volume.

Dg LOO Cor partir siaeeiens eet nei 11-0 11-0 MOORS 12 SENGH vrais crete: caressa cla se eer 30-3 41-3 B25 LOO CM ie terrae crete ts Cie RR oe 32:6 73-9 TAGS UE ION Car Sin eee erm eer ie eres 18-5 92-4 SEAT ding Gore ei rats kis o wie-a' ovate Re 1-6 94-0 PRESIG UG ace elorms ies, saree ctor s Apr eral 3-0

MOSS otal ateNener okays eireis Golaisy aonenalises: charade ie Pairs ce 3-0

Sample received October, 1917. Number of samples tested during 1917—twenty-nine.

SAMPLE No. 1266. Specific gravity.—At. 15-5° C. 0-745,

Distillation Test: Engler flask, by Dean continuous method. First drop at 50° C.

Total per cent by Temperature. Per cent by volume. volume. SOUS a te atticacte cteriveie Geers Ae ois 59-5 59-5 M5 Wien Gas eu pameivantr ak en or 34-0 93°5 AY Sip SO Cremer HaCaT oe wear, 1-5 95-0 I WGhe LOSI Cee er ne RG ee ec eee 2-0 97-0 IRIS TCS AOto Roi Oe Oe ee EE eae 1:5 NE OES tetris areata eras a ciea.4 ian Sitar eae 1-5

Sample received February, 1918. Number of samples tested to March 31st, 1918—four.

Sia visa.' te om ee i eile? Haulin ohpiiee + ae as : anise ai TIO

Goo DEPARTMENT OF MINES

Hon. MarTIN BURRELL, MINISTER; R. G. McConnELL, DEPUTY MINISTER

Mines Branch

EUGENE HAANEL, Pa.D., DIRECTOR. BULLETIN No. 24

Analyses of Canadian Fuels

In Five Parts

Part Iii Manitoba And Saskatchewan

COMPILED BY Edgar Stansfield, M.Sc.,

and

J. H. H. Nicolls, M.Sc." H

OTTAWA J. pp LABROQUERIE TACHE PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY

No. 481

Canada Department Of Mines

Hon. MArtTIN BURRELL, MINISTER; R. G. MCCONNELL, DEPUTY MINISTER

Mines Branch

Eugene Haanel, Ph.D., Director.

BULLETIN No. 24

Analyses of @qnqdinn Fuels

In Five Parts

Part Iii Manitoba And Saskatchewan

Compiled By

Edgar Stansfield, M.Sc.

and

J. HU. H. Nicolls, M.Sc.

OTTAWA J. pe LABROQUERIE TACHE PRINTER TO THE KiNG'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY

No. 481 35553—R

Explanatory Notes.

The samples of Manitoba and Saskatchewan fuels collected previous to 1910 were analysed at McGill University by the staff then engaged in a special " Investigation of the Coals of Canada." Early in 1910, however, this work was transferred to the Division of Fuels and Fuel Testing, Mines Branch, Department of Mines, Ottawa ; and all subsequent samples have been tested there.

The expressions "anal.'"' and "ale." at the head of any column indicate whether the figures recorded were obtained directly by analysis, or by calculation. The usual practice was to analyse the fuels after airdrying, although, in some cases, determinations were made on samples either in the condition received, or after being completely dried.

A "Commercial" sample of any grade of fuel is one representative of the corresponding product as shipped from any mine.

The " Mine" and " Prospect' samples were collected by technical officers of either the Federal or Provincial governments; the former term being applied to those procured from deposits already under development. "Prospect "' samples are apt to be weathered, and may, therefore, only give an indication of the composition of the main body of the deposit.

In making the determinations the necessary calculations were made to give oné more significant figure than is reported. All deduced values were calculated before the rounding-off process took place.

Figures in columns " R"' refer to fuels as received; in columns "AD " to air-dried fuels; and in columns " D " to those dried at 105° C.

erat ye ayer, iy

Contents.

EEX IVAINIAT OR VIP IN OSes care eat ey See TT ee teas GVA atone ncia ie NO ec MANITOBA PEAT BOGS. Litter bog, 2miles: trompromibubotsmema ssi. c tene eats Sera Mud Lake bog, aha SIO ee i eet een eee ccae Sete et Rice Lake bog, the OR MMM emir omens cers Sots Gentian

Boggy Creek bog, 12 Transmission bog, 18

" "

Kuhitemournbor satay hitemo uth women et ao oehirnc ues. ce mere

Lac du Bonnet bog, near

ackduvBonnete sect es eerie ck rctet ohis othe sau iae

IBizaGrassy Varshat GindstOMe tees autre ere ans a iay.cacerryanea ues cee

Saskatchewan Coal&#x27; Fields.

Estevan Area—

Western Dominion Collieries, Ltd., Taylorton mine, at Taylorton Manitoba & Saskatchewan Coal Co., Ltd., mine: Sec. 10, Tp. 2, R.6 WbheeBientalimine sat. Bientalt sawn weer Rear et se ini lees sa eee Saskatchewan Coal, Brick & Power Co., Shand mine, at Shand Hstevan Coalic Brick' Coy mine at Histeyans 1s: chmeee 6 cle ot vs oe oe

Willowbunch Area—

Eidness Bros., mine Soi LAC AT Oh ee OE, IR et cian ale R. Appleby, mine BSP OANNUM CS nk syn eRe Sy eG Ie vite tte te aie a

W. H. Treleaven, mine

Sy VY SS MS 2s one ye ose ee mera

Coal Mine Lake, abandoned mine near Bengough.. 6 Re hic AA oat District farmers' open-pit: Sec. 28. Tp. 1, R. 24..

Olaf. H. Person, mine C. H. Waldon, mine at

atHiddyside wm eer io.6 oe BC nf) Da WA Rees aioe oe 5.08): GeO Oi We. 0 OOS CE eMedia

Willowbunch ake smine near Viceroyaeeeenr: emi. ae arse acite es wees ASLO ailletprminerat TCA CL yn peut cie Meee tame wn Nnweiamie cicustis se ceealat hanya eae Gonsumers| Coal Co:, Lid., mine at Mitchelltons 97.5... 5:255-0 525-0:

Wood Mountain Area—

District farmers' open-pit south of Willowvale Post Office Mr. Frank's Ranch, epenrts at ae INCAdOWACTCEK aha) 1 mines cme

From 2-foot seam: 'Sec.

LS lie On ECR A OME ARES ots PMS Ga) tae packol oye eehe epee

From a well: Sec. 21, ae 6, R. ie a NS i Ri aaa ie ep Dae bide

From 2-foot seam: Sec.

Mr. Sturgeon's mine: N.W. of See. TO Spero n LV oa) eee ecto eee Peebloooemineraunir Mountain tees gate he case Bes ee sows am tet ee

Saskatchewan Oil Shale—

From boring at Hanley

Nnnna Ddo

Manitoba Peat Bogs.

Litter Bog,* 2 miles from

Mud Lake Bog,* 3 miles from

Rice Lake Bog,* 7% miles from

Boggy Creek Bog,* 12 miles from

Description. Point Dubois, Secs. |PointDubois,Secs.} Point Dubois, Secs. Point Dubois, Secs. 33-34, Tp. 15, R. 14 |28 & 33, Tp. 15, R. 25-26, Tp. 15, R. 13 29-32, Tp. 15, R. 13 E. of principal 14 E. of principal E. of principal E. of principal meridian. meridian, meridian. meridian. SamplowNove 3. Wc. Gusset 134 139 147 148 i390 136 Moisture condition (see note D3) Sete ce wineanannore neers D D D 10) D D Loss on air-drying % eens hee See ais athe varie Results obtained by Proximate analysis:— Moisture sees neem santo ey ae, ms hae at oes a ane Sh ta ncecr aceon eee % 7:7 7:7 56-1 31-8 8-3 28-6 Volatile matter % 66-1 69-1 34-8 51-1 65-0 53-0 Fixed carbon % 26:2 23-2 9-1 17-1 26-7 18-4 Ultimate analysis:— Carbon. inti dancemne % ease ns ev drogelts.: A) ciate % oe ae Asha. sous Sanewecwaee ee lo a) "ae Saiphur cs 42) eonenee lo 0-2 ae Ate mint ite INProgens ji6/50 enema % 1-6 1-5 1-8 2-4 2-5 Oe A: Cee cme gee A Asta con ee Le RAGA Calorific value:-— Calories per gram, gross... 5,050 4,870 Fars 4,850 B. Th. U. per lb., gross... 9,090 8, 760 Es eat 8, 730 eae Ruel ration Veet seieen es 0-40 0-34 0-26 0-33 0-41 0-35 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Pica te at fies: Srne re

Coking properties Hoffmann potash test

Location in mine Kind of sample Quality of coal 5.00552: Taken DY: . ovece csr cs Date of sampling

Remarks: 4. ottiga ets ern

All prospect.

All by A. Anrep, During summer of 1911.

Mines Branch, Ottawa.

*Bog traversed by City of Winnipeg Construction Railway.

Manitoba Peat Bogs.

Transmission Bog,*| Whitemouth Bog,f |Lac du Bonnet Big Grass Marsh,

8 miles from Whitemouth, near Lac du Bonnet, Gladstone, Point Dubois, . Tps. 4-18, Sec. 2, Tp. 15, R. 10 Tps. 15-18, Description. Secs. 19-21, 28-30, Ranges 11-14 E. of E. of Ranges 10-11 W. of

Tp. 15, R. 12 E. of principal meridian. principal meridian. principal meridian. principal meridian.

Sample NOs.c3 4) cstonees 146 142 468 145 143 mene condition (see note

Results obtained by

Proximate analysis:— Moisture eee eae Dees be HNE| ee Baten ae creere nD % 19-0 15-4 19-5 15-6

Fixed carbon 24-2 25-7 25-1 25-0

1-6 1-4 2-0 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross... ae 4,510 4,410. 3,990 . Th. U. per lb., gross... egies 8,110 7,940 7,190 arab Huoliration-sc5 hime son 0-43 0-44 0-45 0-42 0-23 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Here eee eet Hee peeks Coking properties Hoffmann potash test Location in mine Kind of sample All prospect. @uahtyioteoalaes..cce nee: : BRalconi ym new naer a ets, cs All by A. Anrep, Mines Branch. Ottawa. Date of sampling During summer of 1911. {REO pe i i eR *Bog traversed by tBog traversed by Canadian Pacific City of Winnipeg Railway. Construction Railway.

Syivuioy,

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Open-pit worked by District farmers, Open-pit on Mr. From 2-foot Seam, Description. south of Willowvale| Frank's Ranch, Sec. 13, Tp. 5, Post Office, Sec. 8, Hay Meadow Creek R.1W. 3 Tp.1,R.2,W.3 |Sec. 17, Tp. 4, R. 1 Meridian. Meridian. W. 3 Meridian. SPEC TINO: ie tears, cousins coats Bar 394 395 397 Moisture condition (see note p.3). ees R D R D R D Loss on air-drying.. wie ee Ages pean Results obtained by. Anal. Cale Anal. Cale Anal. Cale Proximate analysis:— EGISEULG eae eral ioria ac sistertam ore emcee q 13-8 hae 12-9 eas 12-8 PARAS Frees retard vio a wei as aoe eerie ae ee % 10-6 12-3 9-4 10-8 17-2 19-7 PVISEADUIO ER OROOT 552 oe Gieesya aakete nteoncaraae % 38-3 44-4 40-9 47-0 35-9 41-2 Dixeearbon:ucadscsecans ones. cocina tek ee % 37-3. 43-3 36°8 42-2 34-1 39-1 Ultimate analysis:— ATONE cate ener ieee cee sis aa ae a % BLY ArOzen ere chakhccies deisirtnices antes cee ee A ENS STW Gears ln eierkta Ue eala-o diss wage al nap ateiele % RGR Selec ohe Riots ae one te eos sel ART % DNDEPOZOR. Kowa dives sini cea Bitet cee peas % OXV POMEL reer cal sioe disicrntis olalaralete cueietebe aceiets % Calorific value:— Calories per gram, QTOSS c0c0c0ceeneees ae Le Se Bee hs aper bt; QLONSe secre even ven cela. se alte. Was ty 2 GUIDA LLORAS Sacer iio ar RINE wie aise ike nisia Gietabhes nine teres 0-97 0-97 0:90 0-90 0-95 0-95 Carbon-Hiy drogen ratio... ic Gi eescccaceeac een es where ares, as ees COkane PLOPENtdes: Gas oie sais. hs ede wislscereiseltia wu /laeenien non-coking non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash test: eae e cee eens ee ae SARY hate SOCRULOM AN MSIERC 15 sss ors Vacece.iauaniotalerehaniaraaustein ciealerivate Kindlolisamploen sateen. sive sujsmunrcee aeeaneeee All mine. Qualityob coal po eea ca chicnere cece yecirnee meee PL aI OMA Dy tmtciartes nies seve slays Binernerslen Wrelem la olleareetee All by Dr. B. Rose, Geological Survey. IA COnOl SARA DINO crear cre cerssterbeniire era vva cay sias May 30, 1914. June 8, 1914. June 10, 1914.

Remarks

Saskatchewan Coal Fields..,

Wood Mountain Area.

From 2-foot Mr. Sturgeon's A. Blood's Mine, From a well. Seam. Mine. Fir Mountain Description. Sec. 21, Tp. 6, R.1| Sec. 1, Tp. 6, R. N.W. of Sec. 10 Sec. 24, Tp. 4, R. 6, i W. 3 meridian. W. 3 meridian. Tp. 5, R..4,. W.3 W. 3 meridian. meridian. DAMPlON Os: oe ete teiv ieee pe areas 396 398 393 399 Moisture condition*: R R D R D R D Loss on air-drying % amie Ra Pe eee cee he aeee ee Results obtained by Anal Cale. Anal Cale. Anal. Calc. Anal, Cale. Proximate Analysis:— : IMIOISELIC! 5.0 .caleb berth oa cate 18-1 hs 12-7 ee 12-0 be 13-5 ae Rly hehe cock seetceiane oe tee 16-4 18-9 13-4 15-4 25-2 28-6 13-8 16-0 Volatile matter 35-9 41-3 41-3 47-3 33-6 38-2 36-9 42-7 Pixedicarbone.2-tapeeee 34-6 39-8 32-6 37-3 29-2 33-2 35-8 41-3 Ultimate analysis:— KAY DOW shone. c er oer ete % Hy drogen: cre seams % US A RRP SP ee % Sulphur 2cnt.ca amen % INStrowen.).o:a.ageee manana Oxy ences nee enern see Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross Fa ete ae BMY, efor: B. Th, U,.per'th., eross® a tate chit rate Nee shed ae aes Hiuel ratios eon ae eee 0-96 0-96 0-79 0-79 0-87 0-87 0-97 0-97 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Pat ies Soee Be ae, nee ae cee ee Coking properties non-coking. non-coking. non-coking. non-coking. Hoffmann potash test ca aha ee eee Le ae Vi Nees we Location in mine Kind of samples. cna aw coos Prospect. Prospect. Mine. Mine.

Quality ofeoal Marge eetee Maken y-<i. ot. nite es eebote Date of sampling Remarks

June 9, 1914.

All by Dr. B. Rose, Geological Survey.

June 11, 1914.

May 23, 1914.

June 22, 1914.

Saskatchewan Oil Shale.

Sample No. 841.

Oil shale said to be taken from a boring at Hanley, at a depth of about 1,600 feet.

Analysis :— AMIGO SUA NSS 5, AROS ARMA DT ae Ne AS OP ae a 2:9% ESSCIE Cd, RO Le NR er 7 A 81:0% . Diol actlesmittene gv) yas eee ee 13-5% PISeOcAnbOn nae salem eB We 2:6% PE CDOS CTIA 4 Women). ale. mam pwn Lee eat 0-26%

Calculated Ammonium Sulphate 27-6 pounds per long ton, corresponding to a commercial yield of about 19 pounds per long ton by the Bailey method of computation.

Destructive distillation gave a yield of oil equivalent to 11 pounds per long ton. The oil was dark brown, and had a disagreeable odour.

The sample submitted was too small to give reliable results.

Norr.—The sample was received from a private individual on October 19, 1916.

eee

ion . Marmiy BURRELL, Minister; R..

Mc ONNELI, Derury Ministen, Hg

Mines Branch —

a EucENE Linen. Pu. al _Digecror.

a

In Five Parts

Part Iv.

Alberta And The Northwest Territories

Compiled By

Edgar Stansfield, M.Sc. and

J. H. H. Nicolls, M.Sc.

ae SA By

aan, eG

Dees Rs

Ottawa

J. pp LABROQUERIE TACHE PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY

Canada Department Of Mines

Hon. MARTIN BuRRELL, MInisteR; R. G. MCCONNELL, DEpuTY MINISTER,

Mines Branch

Eugene Haanel, Ph.D., Director.

BULLETIN No. 25

Analyses of Canadian Fuels

In Five Parts

Part Iv

Alberta And The Northwest Territories

Compiled By

Edgar Stansfield, M.Sc.

and

J. H. H. Nicolls, M.Sc.

Ottawa

J. pp LABROQUERIE TACHE PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1918 No. 482.

a - . oF

Explanatory Notes.

The samples of fuel from Alberta. and the Northwest Territories collected previous to 1910 were analysed at McGill University by the staff then engaged in a special '" Investigation of the Coals of Canada." Karly in 1910, however, this work was transferred to the Division of Fuels and Fuel Testing, Mines Branch, Department of Mines, Ottawa; and all subsequent samples have been tested there.

The coal samples are classified according to areas corresponding to the provincial mine inspection districts. In some instances two or more of the smaller districts are grouped to form single areas, which are named after the component districts.

The expressions " anal." and 'calc.' at the head of any column indicate whether the figures recorded were obtained directly by analysis, or by calculation. The usual practice was to analyse the fuels after airdrying, although, in some cases, determinations were made on samples either in the condition received, or after being completely dried.

Figures in columns " R,"' refer to fuels as received; in columns " AD " to air-dried fuels; and in columns " D " to those dried at 105° C.

In making the determinations, the necessary calculations were made to give one more significant figure than is reported. All deduced values were calculated before the rounding-off process took place.

A description of the Hoffmann Potash Test is given on page 65 of the Summary Report of the Mines Branch for the year 1916.

A " Commercial " sample of any grade of fuel is one representative of the corresponding product as shipped from any mine.

The " Mine" and " Prospect'? samples were collected by technical officers of either the Federal or Provincial governments: the former term being applied to those procured from deposits already under development. '' Prospect '' samples are apt to be weathered, and may, therefore, only give an indication of the composition of the main body of the deposit.

Contents.

Crowsnest Pass Area— International Coal & Coke Co., Ltd., Coleman. . Moeryeey Creek Coal & Coke Co., " Ltd., Coleman. .

West Canadian Collieries, Ltd., Greenhill Colliery, Blairmore

Franco-Canadian Collieries Ltd., Ie Coit no Te ae Oe ee Hillcrest Collieries, Ltd., Hiller BOE CS, no oar CAS in A ene West Canadian Collieries, Ltd.— Bellevue Colliery, AscllennioweMe te Gk Laie: oe TniltexC@ ollverny A Wie ee, ee ees eae ae Pieteas SiGe: Sisto mee Weipchy@ olliericas ntdewbassburcteer see), ae net a gk? oe

Canmore-Banfi Area— Canmore: CoaliCosetitd., Canmore sus owe. dees. 62s deck a Georgetown Collieries, Litd., Canmore... .. ..¢0.00.- ete een ne Canadian Pacific Railway Co., Natural Resources Department, head Colliery, Bankhead. Rinks PP Tig MRE Si cat NESE a to ayn

Brazeau Area— ibrazeausCollieries, uid Nordege ay 19a ene eee arco ae British Collieries (Brazeau), Ltd., Tp. 44, R. 20...

Mountain Park Area— Mountain Park Coal Co., Ltd., Mountain Park

Jasper Park Area— Jasper Park Collieries, Ltd., Pocohontas 000- Blue Diamond Coal Co., Ltd., BRU ea eae peewee tr ee oie cleus Bartholemew Claim, Near Brulé Gale Rey ce maaetiest cs! eve ctdbals Basie a

Pincher Creek Area— Breckenridge & Lund Coal Co., Ltd., Lundbreck

Saunders Creek Area—

Yellowhead Pass Area— North American Collieries, Ltd., Pacific Pass Colliery, Lovettville Yellowhead Pass Coal & Coke Co., Hiden onlspuriscet lak sock Oliphant-Munson Collieries, Ltd. , Coalspur He eh a Ne GAT ee

'Lethbridge- McGrath Area— North American Collieries, Ltd., Lethbridge mine, Coalhurst .

Canadian Pacific Railway 'Co., Natural Resources Department, Galt Nos.

3 and 6 Mines, Lethbridge sc eal Wie aE RRR tae ee Chinook Coal Co., Ltd. COmINETCe ewe ee he eesti ae REP hake:

Carmangay (Aldersyde) Area— Belivceb hose) Line © hamplonian ss ree at MB aahejors yg 4.2 sand te.

Drumheller Area—

Rosedale Coal & Clay Products Co., Ltd., Rosedale Pee Land Co., Ltd., TS Sh em gg ah ee

ALBERTA COAL FIELDS—Continued.—

Big Valley-Trochu-Three Hills-Carbon Area—

Chas. 8. Wilson's Mine, Twining... 0 0). 6222.1 - eee ets Geo. Watson's Mine, Three Hills ++ sees eee e cece eeeee Bilis Coal Go:, litd., Three Hills. 2... 52222 ects stats isn ia haere William Halbert's Mine, Trochu LS seh ene rot Halberti Bros Mimes roche: ecm caneunae tected te ae tee a sera ears Ole Thompson's Mine, Lousana +++ ese eee e eee e eee ees Calgary Collieries, Ltd., Ardley. :seee eee e eee e eee tees

Pembina-Wabamun Area—

Security Coal Mines, Wabamun + +s see e seer eee eees Lakeside Coals, Ltd., Wabamun 0.2.5... 0-21. ee Gainford Collieries, Ltd., Gainford RY de SES SOC ey ae es North American Collieries, Ltd., Pembina Mine, Evansburgh ..

Taber-Bow Island Area—

Canada. West Coal Gos, Intd Malber sce tase cietetcteete iets aie beasuense=nay Regal Coal Co., Ltd., Eureka Mine, Taber +++++++50-> Superior Coal Co., Ltd., Taber ic)... cies ce fee ante ee eee ee Rock Springs Coal & Brick Co., Ltd., Hlean +++++55-

Hanna Area—

luck & Sinclair Mame; Parr) oe sen ae eters icles se rsicyh kon iawn W. J. Anderson's Mine, Sheerness./ 2. 200+ ereeeessseees Sam. Wadsworth's) Mine; Hanna 5.52% 00... secre es teks

Lacombe Area—

McCormack Mine'Gol, Castor ois) ntact cranes cle oer area @oalbeck Collieriessl@astorsemecnen tie eaten tG it ertkn aes tocn ate: [Re Ilniliesey thier 1s tnillotdless yea o ae aoe oMeMeioe caoot sonomcoou ac AS Grays Mine, Gadsbyacna sc .00 anpdaec aur ee yes d oageeeiees pe

Camrose-Battle River Area—

Colfax Coal Mining Co., Hastings Coulée 0... s eee ees J. B. Turney's Mine, Hastings Coulée 00 see ee eens

Tofield Area—

Motiela Coal-Co., itd, Lomeld' ei septal ony oil cine se Real iee eee DobellCoal.@ow td) Loheld ee ennai teat rn

Edmonton-Clover Bar Area—

Bush Mine Coall@or Beverlyas.. emer: tori etek os aig lente Humberstone Coal Co., Beverly :...25 65200 ++ ech ees eee Great West Coal Co., Ltd., Edmonton 0.5... sees eee eee Clover Bar Coal Co., Ltd., Clover Bar sees esse eeees Strathcona Coal Co., Strathcona Pere rts, En enemies Parkdale Coal Co., Mdmonton. ... 3222s eae e ete ei ah os pele ee NePeak: Coal' Co. Bdmontoneneacd: sn. sapach erate. te nara Twin City Coal Co., Ltd., Edmonton 00 sees eee eee

Cardiffi-Namao Area—

@omionts Coal Com tNamaonn eace cei ee cere as ee arenes Alberta Coal Mining Co., Ltd., Cardiff +-..s+++-ss-: Blain & Gilliland's Gervais or Banner Mine, Cardiff Gardift Gollieries, Utd. Cardift 3.) j..\0. . 06 ste emer ene i de sie rial

Peace River Area—

5-ft. seam near Peace River Crossing 2 sees eee eee ees Prospect Tunnel, South Heart River, near Peace River: Crossings. geer Outcrop near junction of Heart and Peace Rivers ++-++ Errington claim, Hay River :6- +222 sees ete e ee tet. MacConnachie claim, Hay River 20 ssc cree cress eres A. Joachim's claim, Smoky River. .: 2-2+--- selec eesaees Abbot claim, between 15th base line and Grand Cache Ibaketeeces cscaeahe

ALBERTA COAL FIELDS—Concluded.— Peace River Area—Continued.—

Miscellaneous Samples.

ALBERTA NATURAL GAS— Canadian Western Natural Gas, Light, Heat & Power Co., Calgary Pelican Well, Athabaska River, 90 miles below Athabaska Landing Spring on Tar Island in Peace River, 25 miles below Peace River Crossing... .

ALBERTA OIL— DinemaneNo slewellitrnssn 1) eee eRe ee ee SA eR SE. aM WWielltongSee iS yeUp 40s 424 WeedteMient. Geen sea ee ee ee romuEMlch Minna vadistrictwrs marin tana c en enters ote cee SRN

From bank of Peace River, 14 miles below town of Peace River McArthur well on Peace River, 17 miles below Peace River Crossing

OIL FROM NORTHWEST TERRITORIES— irom Pointe aux Hselaves, Great: Slavebakey ence seiia.s0.-.+8e.s0ben. o EronmuVindyeLonty Great Slave: lakes sa samt, fectccen cc. cs os eae

APPENDIX— Distillation tests of crude petroleum and its products 0.0.eeeees @rircemmetroleuimasay etree eee ee er et ee ee nays NY ee Ee irGleumMs DUOCUCS 3 hin Steam Mee ene cts han oe Re,

2 ia

71 , it ; ru nih SONA 4 REED "EAS siif Jey

se

Alberta Coal Fields.

Crowsnest Pass Area.

International Coal & Coke Co., Ltd., Coleman.

Description. ; Denison colliery, Sec. 8, Tp. 8, R. 4.

Sample Now cc. e2e ui... M34 M234 M2034 M 34 SP M 2034 SP Moisture condition (see

BOLCID AC) aaa het ask: AD D D R D R AD D Ri D Ossoniair-aryingee. 5%) les 99 I a 1-4 Results obtained by /Cale. Cale. Anal. Anal. Cale. Anal./Cale. Cale. Anal./Cale. Anal. Proximate analysis:—

Moisture 0. 6.3. 2+. % 2-0 0-7 1-4 1-9 0-6 2-4

ONE) EN eae a ea 19-4 19-7 19-8 11-6 20-9 21-2} 15-9 16-1 16-2} 18-3 18-7

Volatile matter Jo| 24-6 24-9 25-1 26-4 23-3 23-7| 23-4 23-7 23-9) 22-3 22-9

Fixed carbon 54-0 54-7 55-1 62-0 54-4 55-1) 58-8 59-6 59-9) 57-0 58-4 Ultimate analysis:—

Carbone su-)ccie cs 6 67-1 68-0 68-5 76-5 71-2 72-2 72-6

ieydrogen) eo. os.04 % 4-2 4-1 4-0 4-3 4-4 4-3 4-3

PAS AR i cat. ie scorer 19-4 19-7 19-8 11-6 15-9 16-1 16-2

Salphanesnr ese 0-4 0-40) 0-4 0-4 0-5 -0:5} 0-5 0-6 0-6) 0-5 0-6

Oxyirenie nee. ce oe 7-9 6-8 6:3 6-2 7-0 5-8 5-3 Calorific value:—

Calories per gram, gross 6380 6470 6510 7320 6360 6450) 6820 6920 6960} 6570 6730

B. Th. U. per lb., gross} 11490 11640 11730 13180 11450 11610} 12280 12450 12530) 11820 12110 NEE Let OHIO ener avatess cisiu soe 2-20 2-35 2-35 2-50 2-55 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio..} 16-1 16-7 17-0 17-8 16-1 16-7 17-0 Coking properties Hoffmann potash test... 4 Location in mine ING s:2 BORME, svennvele a cones No. 2 seam.,.|/No. 4 seam banshee 8 No, 4 seam, Kind of sample Commercial—15 tons.] IMG ifrcaieeaa Commercial—1 ton...|Mine. Quality of coal |Run-of-mine Washed coal] Run-of-mine. .|Run-of-mine Run-of-mine.

from M 34 yield 73%

Taken by |T. Denis,Mines Branch

Date of sampling Memarkss jobs ..cie

Ottawa.

E. Stansfield.

T. Denis, Mines Branch

May 10, 1908..4

E. Stansfield.

July 27, 1909.

Alberta Coal Fields.

Crowsnest Pass Area.

McGillivray Creek Coal

& Coke Co., Ltd., West Canadian Collieries, Ltd., Blairmore. Description. Coleman. Greenhill colliery, Blairmore. Carbondale mine, Secs. 2 and 11, Tp. 8, R. 4.

Sec, 17, Tp. 8, R. 4.

Saniple NOs, 4. csi. te tinemecemaniorea 555 439 551 Moisture condition (see note p. 2) R AD Dp 3 RR AD D R AD D LOSS) ON AIL-ATYVINEs<\eweenasicenee o. % 1-7 isha Sten 0-0 asta cana 1:8 Results obtained by Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— Moisture 2 eae sams tars tentientate %) 2-5 0-9 ales 1-2 1-2 eee 2-5 0:7 Ashe ti omasvaummeeme acorunnasne 17-0 17:3 17-4 19-5 19-5 19-7 11-5 11-7 11-8 Volatile matter 0...00005 24-0 24-4 24:6 23-1 23-1 23-4 24-9 25°3 25-5 axed carbonic ce rene or 56-5 57-4 58-0 56-2 56-2 56-9 61-1 62-3 62-7 Ultimate analysis:— CATON Arrrrok reiaetace ce recta 69-3 70-4 71-0 68-8 68-8 69-6 75-3 76+7 77-2 iy GrOgenl emer actatnuaeine ae iene 4-4 4-3 4-3 4-6 4-6 4-6 4-6 4:5 4-5 ING pega cep apwanea OUMtITe Eee 17-0 17°3 17-4 19-5 19-5 19-7 11:5 11-7 11-8 Sulphurisgyapccsceesmcece. 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-5 0-5 0:5 0-6 0-6 0-6 INitrOgenitiee case vs cere seers % 0-9 1-0 1-0 1:0 1:0 1-0 1:0 1-0 1-0 OxS meniirc a niek ace nna) sdeteroiten 7-7 6-3 5-6 5-6 5-6 4-6 7-0 55 4-9 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross 6690 6800 6860 6530 6530 6600 7300 7430 7480 B; Dh. Usperilb:, gross. 5.00.47. 12040 12240 12850 11750 11750 11880 13140 13380 18470 Pueliratiore ceca s -scare yanks 2-35 2-45 2-45 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 15-6 16-4 16:7 14-8 14-8 15-3 16-3 17-1 17-4 Coking'properties,. fesccs.e reer een very poor coke small lump of fair coke with fair

amount of swelling Hoffmann potash test 006. awe stan Rae

Location in mine oiijes.e so nauts tei es INO; 2 OAM eo csocn eee No. 1 seam, main entry.| No. 1 seam. : No. 3 level.

Kand ofeaiiple 5-05... 0satin teers. Commercial—50 tons |Mine 6000088 Commercial—car load.

Quality of coal 7 SOSA R AICTE SUB AG DION Gro op OGo0 152. 0A teens cap cacao t

Takonibysacccwc teen ke aaen Provincial mine inspec-|F, Aspinall, mine inspector. mine inspector. tor.

Date of sampling cerihetvesscess February 1914. Lab.|December 1914 December 1914. Lab. sample April 19, 1915. sample April 14, 1915.

BR OWAAE os sj Ros ete bs hears aga rand a aco Pleo rales avery ewig wLL IY SE tase oat eh ea TRON g le alasanctes aha eas eet?

Alberta Coal Fields.

Crowsnest Pass Area.

Description.

SAM PIOVINOME ees cele cicerare hort eae Moisture condition (see note p. 2) Loss on air-drying +008: % Results obtained by 2065

Proximate analysis:— MGTIO. hc care hardcore crn oh % USES bocsneddoowmeadennckaeneeas % Volatile matters... c.% aceite cee % Bixedtcarbonsscsrccm arenes on %

Ultimate analysis:—

LOM oe rere sete oysic te hstatustfermte % SE OT OGON Aphis crave oxste siaie cei % JME) EO beh, 2 vec at icy ANSEL CRTC TARE % I UTDINITE nc ccartieeeciet merce scam % ING reg On pe mette te ote stain cne alensiasebes % OXY PONE eect ee siaciecindacsey %

Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross

BSrhaU..per lbs, 2TOSs isn. cera WOMEN yea olay aye te cinerea the ale tious ae Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Coking properties. joc000 0s 0 cae os

Hoffmann potash test

POCRtION AR MING Nc dete eer e hansen es

WSOh BATA DIOLS esc oisie yi aie e ieiee's ores EAMES GEOOAL. cfaip.oc cue ticsn ae cess ene

MIRNA, cee eed ORG a! 0:0 waiale 2 Glviee Se 6 Date of sampling

Lt Ol

Franco-Canadian Collieries, Ltd., Frank.

Sec. 36, Tp. 7, R. 4.

R AD D R Anal. Anal. Calc. Calc. 1-2 1-2 1:3 16-5 16-5 16-7 10-7 26:0 26-0 26-3 28-4 56-3 56-3 57-0 59-6 70-6 70-6 71-4 77-1 4-8 4-8 4-7 5-0 16:5 16-5 16-7 10-7 0:6 0-6 0-6 0-5 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-2 6-4 6-4 5-5 5-5 6850 6850 6930 7360 12330 12330 12470 13240 14-9 14-9 15-3 15-5 fair sized lump of good coke No. 1 or shaft seam MING eric reac wena A. N. Scott, provincial mine inspector. April 1914 seiesennscanct

good solid coke, not much swollen

R AD D Cale. Anal. Cale. 2-8 0:8 17-8 18-2 18-4 26-2 26:8 27-0 53-2 54-2 54-6 68-0 69:4 70-0 4-4 4:3 4-2 17-8 18-2 18-4 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-9 1-0 1:0 8-3 6-5 5-8 6620 6750 6810 11910 12150 12250 15-5 16-2 16-6

small lump of fair coke

November 1914

No. 1 or shaft seam, main gangway south.

F. Aspinall, provincial mine inspector.

No. 1 or shaft seam.

Commercial—car load. Run-of-mine. F. Aspinall.

Nov. 1914. Lab. sample April 21, 1915.

Alberta Coal Fields.

Crowsnest Pass Area.

Hillcrest Collieries, Ltd., Hillcrest.

Description. Sec. 18, Tp. 7, R. 3.

Hample Notas: paths er vccese M 32 M 232 M 2032 884 Moisture condition (see note p.2).| R AD D D R D R AD D Loss on air-drying GA ROY cle hers eee id cate 1:0 Results obtained by...: Cale. Cale. Anal. Anal. Cale. Anal.| Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:—

(Morsturecnncrimce asta eciass: 3-0 1-3 50be are 1-0 Anis 1-9 0-9

IAS cetccnas Meeks cto aeatte: 14-8 15-1 15-3 9-8 13-4 13-5 14:0 14-1 14:3

Volatile matter 28-5 28-9 29-3 29-8 29-7 30-0 25-2 25-5 25-7

Fixed carbon 53-7 54:7 55-4 60-4 55-9 56-5 58-9 59:5 60-0 Ultimate analysis:—

Garbontacecstien aucacnte' 68:3 69-5 70-4 77-0 Mise roe 72-1 72-9 78-5

IbRy GrOgeni...ceee sncrreevaials 4-4 4-3 4-2 4-7 eieeds Face 4-5 4-5 4-4

INS ORR Reo Sn ye Bn Og ect 14-8 15:1 15-3 9-8 Shae anew 14:0 14-1 14:3

alpha a eta katie rete es 0-6 0:6 0-6 0:5 0-8 0-8 0-6 0-6 0-6

Nitrogen .ce ee inedancieeet 1:0 1-0 1-0 1-1 Ws Ave 1-1 1-1 1-1

Oxyeent.. face ie cto ce 10-9 9-5 8-5 6-9 WE rise Bee 7-7 6-8 6-1 Calorific value:—

Calories per gram, gross 6710 6830 6920 7450 7060 7130 7120 7200 7260

B. Th. U. per Ib., gross 12080 12290 12450 13410 12700 12830 12820 12950 13070 uel PAGO Neate cis: s die ciciecderstets sie iers sta 1-90 2-00 1-90 2°35 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 15-5 16-2 16-7 16-4 Pens soa 15-9 16-3 16-7 Coking properties setae: forte |loee ninietetlem aetaeaire in Mas Sant oa oe good coke. Hoffmann potash test aie Mae Sec Soca 1 TIQOATIOR TM TAING Sr. che che tadoraeye ced OWE sceeta vacate viable slays les SER AG CUR aA etna cuerravehaxotas ne aueke No. 1 seam. Kind of sample. ici cesaeecsaas Commercial—10 tons...] MINE soc cereus Commercial—20 tons. Quality:Ohicoal yi. ceiseeye cen Run-of-mine Washed coal) Run-of-mine. ...

from M 322, yield 82% ;

Taken By... secede. cena aens T. Denis, Mines Branch.| E. Stansfield |Provincial inspector of Date of sampling Mayr 1908 ir um tock cmitle soreamecaneeee July 29, 1909 ea tes 1915. Lab.

sample Noy. 22, 1916. PRVORNALICE Meret tan bia cise ron cearsis easihle Folds Pee ake he Neate TIE mae EI eee ree

Alberta Coal Fields.

Crowsnest Pass Area.

West Canadian Collieries, Ltd., Blairmore.

Sec. 29, Tp. 7, R. 3.

Description. Bellevue Colliery, Bellevue.

SamplewNo. ccs cers cee M 33 M 233 M 2033 Moisture condition (see note

We) epee aie anon aie R, 4AD**D D R D Loss on air-drying 0-7 Results obtained by °. Cale. Calc. Anal. Anal. Calc. Anal. Proximate analysis:—

PAS heer eee ot cite ee. 15-3 15-4 15-5 12-7 13-9 14-1

Volatile matter , 27-4 27-6 27-6 28-4 26-4 26-7

Fixed carbon 56-4 56-8 56-9 58-9 58-5 59-2 Ultimate analysis:—

Carbon. ek ess awed. 70-8 71-3 71-5 75-1

Ey drogen 6: :m .0ios's/es 4:4 4:4 4-3 4-4

ASHE ape Withee krajnitares 15-3 15-4 15-5 12-7

Sulphur... 7.0.25... oe. 0:8 0-8 0:8 () 0-9 0-9

INItrOwOR ects fca ieee 120° Ako 1-1

OXy GEM yee este soieses-s Go) 0) TL 6:9 6-2 Calorific value:—

Calories per gram, gross.| 6820 6870 6880 7210 6910 7000

B. Th. U. per lb., gross. .{12280 12370 12390 12930 12440 12590 ) 00) reo) oe ee ee a 2-05 2-05 2-20 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 16-1 16:4 16-5 17-0 Rano PLOPCCULCS ONES toe foited lace sniecce osc Nelsts of ll hci: aehey teen le crate oe atid Hoffmann potash test Location in mine INOS Wseam. sen ses|\com ania ce ee No. 1 seam Kind of sample Commercial — 10} (Miney. cu.ch.0:

tons. Quality of coal 5.. Run-of-mine Washed coal] Run-of-mine. . from M 33, yield 86% PE AROMUDN ro ercle sisipsoxe vierbieis ese .., Denis; Mines|.cids .da02< E. Stansfield. Branch.

Date of sampling May. 5; 1908 a nscsciliss. scuest en July 29, 1909.. BL OLR AIA Re Ee ea Pre eich [loa /bieyalicrriie cece ine en onilivv ow eakived cos

Anal.

poor coke

A. N. Scott, provincial mine inspector.

January 1914

Anal. Cale.

No. 1 seam.

Commercial — 35 tons. — Run-of-mine.

F. Aspinall, provincial mine inspector.

November, 1914. Lab. sample April 12, 1915.

Alberta Coal Fields.

Crowsnest Pass Area.

West Canadian Collieries, Ltd.,

Leitch Collieries, Ltd., Passburg.

Description. Blairmore. Lille cotery halle: Sec. 8, Tp. 8, Sec. 15, Tp. 7, R. 3.

SampleiNO.c. coccinea M 28 M 2028 M 48 M 2048 305 Moisture condition (see

DOCEIDAL) ake ere Eee) ED) R D Ri SAD STD R D Re ADD Loss on air-drying 0-9 0-9 0-1 Results obtained by Cale. Cale. Anal.| Cale. Anal. Cale. Calc. Anal.| Cale. Anal. Calc. Anal. Calc. Proximate analysis:—

Moisture. ten cere 1-7 0-8 1-5 1-9 1-0 1-1 1: 51-0

Ultimate analysis:—

ACDOB a eee aoe 70:0 70-6 71-2 68-6 69-3 70-0 66:5 66-6 67-3 Hydrogen'... asc. 4:4 4:3 4-2 4-6 4:5 4-4 44 44 4:3 TAS besten sens otere se 16-1 16:3 16-4 17-6 17-7 17-9 20-3 20-3 20-5 Sulphtars, gona. sess 0-5 0-5 0:5 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-6 1-4 1-4 eye nly sei Nitrogen.(..2. ..m-l-. % 0-9 0-9 0-9 1:0 1-0 1:0 0-9 0-9 0-9 Oxyseny.jystscsccrn: 8-1 74 6:8 7-6 6:9 6-1 6-2 61 5-3

Calorific value:— Hueluratior sons sn goss 2-35 2-30 2-05 1-85 2-05 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 16-0 16-4 16-8 15-0 15-4 15-8 15-1 15-1 15-5 Coking properties small lump of very fair coke Hoffmann potash test ahi Location in mine No. seam No. 1seam...|No. 1 or 1 or By-|No. 1 seam, main seam. ron seam gangway. Kind of sample Commercial — Commercial — Mine. ton. tons. Quality of coal Run-of-mine Run-of-mine. .|Run-of-mine Lumps of slate removed by hand picking. Taken by ++..|T. Denis, Mines/E. Stansfield .|T. Denis, Mines/E. Stansfield.|A. N. Scott, pro- Branch. Branch. vincial mine in- A spector. Date of sampling May 6, 1908 July 30, 1909..|July 18, 1908 July 29, 1909. November, 1913. RCAC Girne vnteee alenes Srasc Hichestucy exbvedesrtet cist ay apsiarenetlavu oie /ou6 abedor aca /a Sagara ichalene/aye-als)! syed

so

Alberta Coal Fields.

Canmore-Banff Area.

¢ Canmore Coal Co., Ltd., No. 2 mine, Canmore. Description. Sec. 29, Tp. 24, R. 10.

DamaplosNo stateside ecw aees vnieeate 370 371 303 718 Moisture condition (see note p.2) R AD D R AD OD RaeaADos Dp R AD OD POSGOM AW -ARV ANS. san ven ve woke 1-4 3-5 0-0 1:0 Resultsiobtained bys: .:..c6.0.. 0.208% Cale. Anal.Cale. |Cale. Anal. Cale.|Cale. Anal. Cale.|Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis—

IMOIStUTOME nario soi ee ayant % 2-1 0-7 4-4 0-9 0:9 0-9 1:9 0-9

PAS Been rey es Ao ic: eaters Go 7-2 7:3 7-4] 15-4 16-0 16-1 5-4 5:4 5-4 62 6:3 6-4

Volatile matter a. cc veo . 15-6 15:8 15-9] 13-3 13-8 13-9] 14-0 14-0 14-1 9-8 9-9 10-0

Ultimate analysis:—

BOOM ee ihe ok She cK Latha, wee % 85:2 85-2 86-0 82-8 83-6 84-3 Eisrdzopent re encore ek % 4-2 4:2 4-1 4-2 4-2 4:1 PACE eos iiatchn ketamine agit % 54 5:4 5-4 62 6:3 6:4 SCR re cn iece utes Graesatows eee % 0-9 O09 0-9 0-7 #O-7 0:8 INTTRO RONG ese cpt mum eeaiet % 1:3 1:3 1:3 1:6 1:6 1:6 CaaS Oa ene % 3:0 3-0 2-3] 4-5 3-6 2-8

Calorifie value:— Calories per gram, gross 8040 8040 8120 7930 8010 8080 Be Th Uaperilb:, gvOsscas cnet 14470 14470 14610 |14280 14420 14560 TEMA ORE eerie sie sah cbbacanle walslne 4-80 5-05 5-70 8-35 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 20-5 20-5 21-0 19-5 20-0 20-5 Coking properties... is. ccs gaede/ieinenis very slight ten-/forms agglomerdency to agglo-ate. merate. Hoffmann potash test oe 12 Location in-mine 6.0..55 Carey seam Sedlock seam, ba-|Carey seam Stewart seam, sin slope. main gangway. SEI CHECIEISSATINING ee RSIS Missy cta tere Sel css ova ceanhetesoie et RERt ee Beate deren hee wd Mine... ssacs. tex Mine. CATE TORY GROEN os co iS ACEO OSI Bee eit eer ea ov Includes two 3-|Run-of-mine. inch bands of dirty coal. ' TOSS, at RE i ee Mine authorities. .|Mine authorities..|F. Aspinall, pro-|J. A.. Richards, vincial mine in-| provincial mine spector. inspector. CUS AS RO Spring of 1914 OPE ccaenets ta<'3 November, 1913. .|December 4, 1915. Sea EeR EY Se EU I EY ers era Bielltevajs asalevore,<c re, cceteia eel lepatethoahnclacarsuslaie doe. ayiveifip ee ac esieaeaameaee 39639—34

Alberta Coal Fields.

Canmore-Banff Area.

Description.

Sample No

TLOSS/ OM AIT-ARYING sealed sieniice Sertere ia elelctes % Roesultsobtained! DY. .ccvee elders ucalpiae anne Proximate analysis:— Woisbares os de hcteie arabs cinamen pany % I) eae RR ete Ace ed SOTO ae % Volatile:matters cans o sacar oat ene leiehee NG Pixed canbonsheemede dong meee % Ultimate analysis:—

AT DONS cc etcle secrete ster ee aeieiess % AV AK ORON oc tic +97 a De sie ee oeo e ee % aN Ke eee thoes cash obelaw otal: HERO AON % ulphuar' ceielocniamiecn ier cn.a satan kee % INISTOPON cance: erreurs erie ave ein % xy een, ceaaeasee ahiod sues Oeiekinece Risto %

Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross

Fuel ratio

Carbon-Hydrogen ratio

Coking properties

Hoffmann potash test

Location in mine

Kind of sample

Qualitysoficoal 5. .cjecc.sis ciicaiien oyanietarert ots

Canmore Coal Co., Ltd., Can-/The Georgetown Collieries, Ltd., Canmore.

more. No. 1 or old

mine.

Sec. 29, Tp. 24, R. 10.

Secs. 1 and 6, Tp.

M 25 R Ad 0:3

Cale.

D

Cale. Anal.

Commercial — 10 tons.

Lumps hand-picked, and then remixed with slack

T. Denis, Mines Branch.

April 22, 1908

Operated by H.W. McNeil Co.Ltd.

at time of sampling

.

M 225 D

Anal.

Washed coal from M 25, yield 82%.

Raabe sD

Cale. Anal. Calc. 9-6 9-6 7 16-8 16:8 16-9 72-8 72:8 73-4 80-4 80-4 81-1 42 42 4-1 9-6 9-6 9-7 1:8) 5 158 8) 1-5 1-5 1:5 2-5 2-5 1:8 7570 7570 7640 13640 13640 13750

Anal. Cale.

agglomerates barely agglomerslightly ates

No. 3 seam No. 3 seam.

MING iis ze ka shan Hake Commercial — 20

Provincial mine inspector.

November 1913...

tons.

F. Aspinall, provincial mine inspector.

November 1913.

Lab. sample Mar. 25, 1914.

Description.

Loss on air-drying % Results obtained by Proximate analysis:— PR ORSUURO, coe scisjeiiscsekes % ASS Toa ee ae eee % Volatile matter % Fixed carbon % Ultimate analysis:— OEE DOB. noo id eps cistee ss % ERY ATOR OM ciate 28a 74 % PAB err Setice ortho aiviee sara ints % PODER eas feck fuatcecarcl> wots % INTTORON: creraeis caste oy dinwvinte % (Oe a fia ier ee ea % Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross... B. Th. U. per lb., gross TRE) a CSS es AOC ORrIoe Cie eee Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Coking properties Hoffmann potash test Location in mine PENG OF SATAPILO. vesnieje Feds ne

Quality of coal

CLD Git 39g ee Date of sampling

Remarks

Alberta Coal Fields.

Canmore-Banff Area.

Canadian Pacific Railway Company. Natural Resources Department, Calgary. Bankhead colliery, Bankhead. Sec. 19, Tp. 26, R. 11.

M 23

AD? sD

Cale, Anal,

non-coking

Commercial — 5 tons.

Pea size to 7/16-inch, over slater and picker.

T. Denis,

Branch. April 21, 1908

Mines

M 23 SP M 23 M M 223 M M 24 Ry AD, D D D Re ACD Cale. Cale. Anal.} Anal. Anal. {Cale. Cale. Anal. 1-1 0:5 2-7 0-9 15-7 15-8 15-9 14-1 8-9 13-9 14-1 14-3 12-5 12-6 12-6 12-6 12-5 16:6 17-0 17-1 70-7 71-1 71-5 73-3 78-6 66-8 68:0 €8-6 75:2 75-6 76-0 76-6 81-8 74-2 75-6 76-3 3:7 3-7 3-7 3-6 3-8 3-9 3:8 3°7 15-7 15-8 15-9 14-1 8-9 13-9 14-1 14-3 0-6 0:6 0:6 0-6 0-6 0-6 0:6 0:6 09° 0-9) 0.9 1-0 1-1 1-0 1:0 1:0 3-9 3-4 2-9 4-1 3-8 6-4 4:9 41 6970 7010 7040 7279 7760 7080 7210 7280 12540 12610 12670} 13080 13970 12740 12970 13100 5-65 5-80 6-30 4-00 20-1 20-5 20-8 21-3 21-5 19-1 20-2 20-7 non-coking non-coking non-coking non-coking Commerciale Orava sone I ctesryejou rcs ates Commercial — 5 eee coal Coal dust briquet- Pepe Eee el ge 84%.

NE POE. va estas April 21, 1908

T. Denis. April 20, 1908.

Alberta Coal Fields.

Canmore-Banff

Area.

Description.

Canadian Pacific Railway, Natural Resources Department, Calgary. Bankhead colliery, Bankhead.

Sec. 19, Tp. 26, R. 11.

Sample NOs ts cf arcntioesia cers outline crctae Moisture condition (see note p. 2) DORNORIAIAT YIU ssa gk soe oowsans %G Results obtained (by... case. ese .

Proximate analysis:—

IMGistnrecs fc .ac..usseaam.crernss % JN) etarinein hye te ODOC OE On S % Wolatilewmatter hinccn. tie ccu rte 4 % Fixed carbon ee Sere % Ultimate analysis:— (BE 07) ee eR pean og ce oars Hae % Sig drogea, \cceaiecsnavits sabe % IL ea Rd oe a rea RL ces Oe % Sulphian..) ease a amare det % INGierOmenG, caste nienerttic eens. %

Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross

BOT. Ue per lb., 8088). sees Thiel ratio raccoon pout erscencye ses Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 4.. Coking properties; 2 a pe ses acee ce

Hoffmann potash test 065

R AD D Cale. Anal. Cale. 13-6 13-6 13-7 8-8 8-8 8-9 TCO Oe led: 78-2 78-2 78-7 3:5 3-5 3-4 13-6 13-6 13-7 0-5 0-5 0-5 1-1 1-1 1-1 3-1 3-1 2-6 7160 7160 7200 12890 12890 12970 22-6 22-6 23-0 non-coking

DOCHEION IN: TAME, 2 i.chac ays stern tanta dyes Bled (OF Same. i05 fk eka a ese ee

Quality of coal Mimic sae cutee te cee

Maken Osta: neon reo oe nk

No. 0000 seam, B level gangway.

Mime stikaaiver see se aed:

Bone coal left in sample, which was probably of lower grade than coal shipped from mine,

F. Aspinall, provincial mine inspector.

July 7, 1916

R AD D Cale. Anal. Calc.

non-coking

R AD D Cale. Anal. Calc, 18-4 18-5 18-6 10-0 =©10:0 10-1 70-5 71-0 71:3 72-7 73-1 78-5 3-3 3:3 3-2 18-4 18-5 18-6 0-5 0-5 0-5 1-0 1-0 1-0 4-1 3-6 3-2 6770 6810 6840 12180 12250 12310 21-7 9-22-1225 non-coking

No. 2 seam, C level

IRVNA'Sp inallll otc eynmeerer. July 32) 1916s enorme

DER ran BAT MCh see ove cv coas fon Sucrose eh ode eu aves av SOOISI Le goto ete ads Vater eT eesti nb ete taytepeaaioy caoandhouota aye menerspats

Commercial—20 tons.

Pea coal.

Provincial mine inspector.

May 1916.

Lab., sample November

Alberta Coal Fields.

Brazeau Area.

Description.

Sample No

Loss on air-drying % Results obtained by Proximate analysis:— IM@ISEULOS Gye iae ns ces % PASS ee R Ka) Meteors: eaictets) % Volatile matter % PixGd:Garbow.ai sis. s-5 % Ultimate analysis:— MS ACEION Ae arise shure seine % BEGOTOGON, 0 na syne + sis % ANG alee ines See See % Sulphunmeciecccn as nse % ONTETOGON: Wont eres wee sink % Orel) Bee Repeat wie %

'Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross...

B. Th. U. per lb., gross TES oS 5 rr ee

'Carbon-Hydrogen ratio

Coking properties

Hoffmann potash test

Location in mine

Kind of sample

Quality of coal Taken by

Date of sampling

Remarks

Brazeau Collieries, Ltd., Nordegg.

Sec. 22, Re SAD esp: Re AD AD Cale. Anal. Cale./Cale. Anal. Calc. 1-8 0-9 21 0-4 11-9 12-0 12-1] 10-5 10-6 10-7 16-3 16-5 16-6] 16-8 17-1 17-1 70-0 70-6 71-3 70-6 71-9 72-2 77-9 78-7 79-4 78-7 80-1 80-4 4-3 4-2 4-1] 4-2 4-1 4-0 11-9 12-0 12-1 0-4 0-4 O-4 on Test tos! 4-4 3-6 2-9 7420 7490 7560 13350 13480 13620 4-30 4-20

poor coke

small lump of fair coke

No. 2 mine, No. 2 seam, main entry.

J. A. Richards, provincial mine inspector.

December, 1914...

Fire ranger, Board of Railway Commissioners.

February, 1915

Tp. 40, R. 15. 574 858 859 RR 2A Dy Dp R D R D 0:3 Fathi Bis Cale. Anal. Calc./Anal. Calc.|Anal. Cale. 0-8 0-5 0-8 0-6 Wey Bet 22 Tel 14-5146) 1-6 tt?

78-6 78-9 79-3 69-6 70-2 73-2 73-6 76-1 76-7 79-7 80-1 3-9 3-8] 4:1 4-0 14-5 14-6] 11-6 11-7 0-5 0-5 0-4 0-4 Lede ee Le? 3-9 3-3] 3-1 2-6 7280 7340 7600 7640

13110 13210 |13690 13760 4-40 4-60 5-00 19-6 20-0} 19-7 20-0 swells consider-poor coke poor coke ably forming good coke

INO: 2 Sams No. 2 seam,|No. 2 seam, 4200 feet] centre of from en-| workings. try. J

.|Mine .|Mine Mine.

Fire ranger J. S. Stew-|J. S. Stewart, Geo-| art. logical Survey.

May, 1915 |Summer of/1916.

ALBERTA COAL FIELDS. Brazeau Area. Brazeau Collieries, Ltd., Nordegg. Description. Sec. 22, Tp. 40, R. 15. Sample Nosiic.. cen acest sitet 538 575 719 860 'Moisture condition (see note p. 2)... Re LAD) eb Ri AD TD Re AS es DD R D Loss on air-drying fA lias (ol Se meyaiee eae O8L 2a. as O20 erorsisetaler tet susie, ecole

Results obtained by Cale. Anal. Calc. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale.

Proximate analysis:—

Mostra? oi. ose eee Sol Rael 0b) ea 0-7" 106 i.ne- ORS SON eek 0-6

CASEY spa. feicetan nace Mategatetinetiot 12-3 12-5 12-6 34-9 34:9 35-2 13-1 18-1 13-2 16-9 17-0 Volatile matter 16-5 16-8 16-8 14:7 14-7 14-8 12-6 12:6 12-7 14-6 14-7 Pixed' carbon! ceases a vases re % 09-1 70-2 70-6 49-7 49-8 50-0 73:6 73-6 74-1 67-9 68-3

Ultimate analysis:—

Parbon- Wer ches. serieratesiosiness "77-0 78-2 78-6 Soa pote 3 77:7 77-7 78-3 74-4 74-8 HE VATOBON satin sissotels ernolorsrartieshe %) 4:3 4:2 4-2 ee acre cx a 4-1 4-1 4-0 3-9 3-9 dN ER StS S Son On AAD RISOR SE 12-3 12-5 12-6 mente beko bee es 13-1 13-1 13-2 16-9 17-0 Sulphur waa eaerelcola ne 1 beak Ses att NOSE RAE Petra. woheee Dome 0-5 0-5 0:5 0-5 0-5 INitroperteirnaccstsstaaictesstarnaye OG) em eee ue Spies es Pee Led Pale ded 1-2 1-2 Oxygen Perea scons seeinnstns el eee rene Bes ee ae 3:5 325) 2-9 3-1 2-6

Calorific value:-—

Calories per gram, gross 7430 7430 7480 7100 7140 B. Th. U. per lb., gross MSaiel eee eases RRR a ore corks 13370 13370 13460 12790 12860 Hueliratio s caac sae sarees aisha 4-20 3-40 5-85 4-65 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 17-9 18:7 18-9 HE. Mei. Pest 19-0 19-0 19-4 19-1 19-4 Coking properties 05-small ee of fair poor coke poor coke poor coke coke Hoffmann potash test 10-11 9 8-9 Location in Mine se604 sone sane No. 3 seam No. 3 seam No. 3 mine, No. 3 seam, seam, main gang-| 2000 ft. from ; way. entry. Kindrofisample; sigietiiss:scissosceea- Mine sare cies ee ase (Ming fete enters ee ING aw at aoe ca tir Mine. Qnalityioticoal cas amcttes oie eles ell ec ae eae eral saith ccesars tf apenas ere Average of 14-+ft. seam. EP AK OR DY sic-tesevtioni stone avert allow asters Fire ranger, ranger J. A. Richards, pro-|J. S. Stewart, of Railway Comvincial mine in-| Geological é missioners. spector. Survey. Dateof semphng: cco. cae eews February 1915 May 1915s... oict4ecse December 9, 1915...|Summer of

es

&#x27;Alberta Coal Fields.

Brazeau Area.

Description.

Sample No

Loss on air-drying % Results obtained by Proximate analysis:— NMiGistare wet aces sas sree % UNS De icreies ome yeas cian alike 3 % Volatile matter % Wixed 'carbons: 5c skies ou % Ultimate analysis:— ALDOR Hearttata tie 'ah Gainioiice % Fy GTOPON sees caer eo bs % US) Oe eee eae Be mio Nitrogen. 05 me OevPOn a ete ca: Pachick oceee %

Calorifie value:— Calories per gram, gross

B. Th. U. per lb., gross

Fuel ratio

Carbon-Hydrogen ratio

Coking properties

Hoffmann potash test

Location in mine

RANG OL SAMIDIC Za wie .c.virsiemiss cone

Quality of coal Taken by

Date of sampling

Brazeau Collieries, Ltd., Nordegg.

Sec. 22, Tp. 40, R. 15.

Remarks

534 560 561 RieeXkD= D RY DD ee) 0-1 0-0 0-0 Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. 0-6 0-4 0-8 0-7

19-7 19-7 19-9 swells considerably| poor coke poor coke forming Food coke A 7 IMING 2h sips erate -/eresicate Commercial..|Commercial.. Meals Pulemiantoare eds From tipple...|From tipple... Fire ranger, Board of| Fire ranger |Fire ranger Railway Commis- Gehruary LEO Se ae Feb. 18, 1915. .|Feb. 18,1915..

Ltd., Ed. Brown & Co., Agents, Winnipeg, Man. Tp. 44, R. 20.

R D R D Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale.

13-5 13-6 12-6 12-7 22-4 22-6 23-2 23-3 63-3 63-8 63-3 64-0 0-2 0-2 0-1 O-1 7310 7360 7370 7440 13150 13260 13270 13390 2-85 2°75 poor coke fair coke Lower portion|}Top 12 feet in of 20-foot 20-foot seam seam. L. V. Rice |L. V. Rice. it Cee ae 1913.

Alberta Coal Fields.

Mountain Park Area.

Description.

Mountain Park Coal Co., Ltd., Mountain Park. Sec. 33, Tp. 45, R. 23.

MAM PIOINO sada cohise wee sabesateecevs. 434 546 866 885 Moisture condition (see note p. 2)... R AD" D Hy AD DD RD TAY eT Loss:on airsdrying 5. v.0c ss. 6 sere 0-2 1-4 1:5 Results obtained by 5-. Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— Moisture ih). Finer ras ac ene 0-8 0-7 3-2 1-9 0-9 2-2 '0°7 WAS he sea Suderautic siti make 12-0 12-0 12-1 4-3 4:3 4-4 5-4 54 13-7 13-9 14-0 Volatile matter: .esctes. +. ou: 28-7 28-7 28-9 30-5 30-9 31-5 29-9 30-2 24-1 24-4 24-6 Puxed CarbOnsasee yteesaeeetey 58-5 58-6 59-0 62-0 62-9 64-1 63:8 64-4 60-0 61-0 61-4 Ultimate analysis:— LOREAL Bere Neila niet Sapa e 76-3 76-4 76-9 81-2 82-3 83-8 81-4 82-1 72-8 73:9 74-4 Hy fe hens 4:9 4-8 4-8 5-4 5-3 5-2 5-1 5-0 4-6 4:5 4:5 UAT hea R GAR Racureit tiene Gate 12-0 12-0 12-1 4-3 4:3 4-4 5-4 5-4 13-7 13-9 14-0 Balphurs, jeans esc acces aone 0-8 O08 093 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-5 0-4 0-4 0-4 INIDFOZER c.202 sha ee ction: % 1-3. 1-3 1-4 1-4 1-4 1:4 ODE Es Oxy gens, paseiecusmane ane nat % 7-4 64 4:8 68 5-6 7-4 6-2 5-6 Calorifie value:— Calories per gram, gross 7900 8000 8150 7950 8020 7100 7210 7260 Be Dye Cperibs, STOsss mas oe 14210 14400 14680 14310 14440 12780 12970 13070 BuehPasro dk cosciarale cee ivlevae cise nese 2-05 2-05 2-15 2-50 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 15:7 15-8 16-0 15-0 15-5 16-1 16:0 16-4 15-7 16:3 16-6 Coking properties +.- fair coke good coke, consider-|fair coke, swol-|fair, somewhat friably swollen len and friable able, coke Hoffmann potash test ee ek Weosce: Ata? Mae re See ae: Lotationin mine. nc Se one es Wosi seams) 7aeas: Nowd seamiis a; 3.3 No. 1 seam,|Nos. 1 and 3 seams. 1000 ft. from ' : entry Kind OF sample. icccd fev tote ees ERGs rons oe eee WENO Point sh Oars te Miness-46e8: Commercial — 25 tons.

Quality of coal Taken by

Date of sampling

Remarks

Fire ranger, Board of Railway Commissioners.

November 1914

E. D. Black, provincial mine inspector

. February 16, 1915...

J. S. Stewart, Geological Survey.

Summer of

Run-of-mine.

Provincial mine inspector.

April 1916. Lab. sample Nov. 24, 1916.

/

ALBERTA COAL FIELDS. Mountain Park Area.

: Mountain Park Coal Co., Ltd., Mountain Park. Description. Sec. 33, Tp. 45, R. 23. a ee ee DATADIOVIN Ou Mais ate peices sis 435 868 869 867 870 Moisture condition (see note p. 2) R AD —D R D R D R D R D Loss on air-drying 0-4 Results obtained by Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— INT OUSIEE AAS. oe cials och. viclsuoote Tie Ve2s (0:8 0-5 0-7 0-7 1-3 BASE ME CMe stata vate tse: 8-0 8-0 8-1 23-6 23-8 22-8 23-0 15-2 15-3 17-5 17-7 Volatile matter 28-2 28-3 28-6 25-1 25-2 23-0 23-2 25-2 25-4 24-3 24-6 BExed 'carbon-ne cies aces 62-6 62-9 63-3 50-8 51-0 53-5 53-8 58-9 59-3 56:9 57-7 Ultimate analysis:— : EDOM eee a Rcnes Glee ee 78:9 79-2 79-9 64-9 65-2 66-1 66-5 73:0 73-6 69-0 69-9 Ly ChODON cape een ae-gas 4:8 4:8 4-8 4-2 4-1 4-1 4-0 4-4 4.3 4-3 4.2 PSD ite aah ac eh Ra eee a % 23-6 23-8 22-8 23-0 15-2 15-3 17-5 17-7 ESO SCAT cet a es oh SRR ae ee % 0-3 0:3 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 INTERO RON... o.c Oo aclajon nt & % 0-9 0-9 1:0 1:0 0-9 0-9 1-5 1-5 Oxygen, Prsiincssccace een. % Gry 1 5e7. 5-6 5-1 6-1 5-5 7:3 6-3 Calorifie value:— ; Calories per gram, gross 7680 7720 7780 6270 6300 6400 6440 7090 7140 6670 6760 TROL PATIO sR Shia cd aicls,d siete calnaes F 2-20 2-00 2-30 2-35 2-35 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 16-3 16-5 16-8 15-6 15-8 16:3 16-6 16:7 17-0 15-9 16-5 Coking properties , fair coke fair coke, poor coke fair coke poor coke somewhat swollen. EXO timinuny Dotashutestrerenaa-|| Mobs esi er cet oo eames oe ene Sats ee Location in) miné, 6. 2.656; No. 3'8eaM2...2..4.. No. 3 seam,|No. 3 seam,|No. 2 (pros-|No. 5 seam, middle por-| lower por-| pect) seam,| 50 ft. from tion. tion. 150 ft. from} entry. entry. INC OL SAMIDIC! lacs. cpacersieo orsrecisrs IMin@ a enkes Scenes ion ee a Mines cet ee Wine ser Mine orn cn, ots uns DH Oh ocbiace SIGUA dee gE [re aGee on nee eters eral kokic eer SNe Gane an Le BUMKON DOS g wenger des SkcGiae es: Fire ranger, S. Stewart,|J. S. Stewart.|J. Stewart J. S. Stewart. of Railway Com-| Geological / missioners. Survey. 1916. 1916, 1916, Date of sampling. : o 5 November 1914 Summer of RUSTE LT SES os big ORO Ee ee Samples taken 400 ft. from bottom of slope. 352639—44

ALBERTA COAL FIELDS. Jasper Park Area.

Jasper Park Collieries, |Jasper Park Collieries, Ltd.,|The Blue Diamond Coal

Description. Ltd., Pocohontas. Miette mine, Pocohontas. Co., Ltd., Brulé Mines. Sec. 18, Tp. 49, R. 28. Sec. 15, Tp. 50, R. 27. SAMIDIOUNO ae steers stertexersts sisi iteeis ers 602 487 603 Moisture condition (see note, p. 2). R D R AD D R D Loss on air-drying % ree aan '18 . Sen' Results obtained by +- Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— ; Moisture, cn: se deaeemannc % 0-8 eee 2-3 0-5 sieieee 0-7 PR Shin piroacestehetecamn ee % 5-8 5:8 21-4 21-8 21-9 15-8 15-9 Volatile matter :..+ % 17-8 17-9 18-°5 : 18-8 18-9 20-5 - 20-6 Hixed Car bOns tle. eat ots % 75-6 76-3 57-8 58-9 59-2 63-0 63-5 Ultimate analysis:— Carboni sf... 2 cies anne sels % acs Lae 66-8 68-1 68-4 pe Ey GLO ROM ah ne/cteeaiaeiese os eve % Be sit ale 4-0 3-9 3-8 PA SID cists ais clei Rrcae vietatsiatncss meee % ads shea 21-4 21-8 21-9 Sulphiar ct copeacoar neck ee whe % Sabie wey 0-8 0-8 0-8 IND Grower. aedainssuninins sesh % Boats sa 1-1 1-1 1-1 Oxygen vcasrecece sean acer % Bos rato 5-9 4-3 4-0 Calorific. value:— Calories per gram, gross eh sees 6430 6550 6580 B. Th, U. per lb., gross.: rere Pe 11580 11790 11840 Re ee ee 4-25 BiG.) 3-10 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Peps Sore 16-7 17-6 17-8 Coking properties +-- small lump of fair coke small lump of good coke |small lump of poor coke Hoffmann potash test 11 11 Location in mine ++-5- INTOU ls BO BIL er Bechet: tke csihesir ee enacts onan a a BRING OL: SAIIDLE: biein.s) oratsiesieis ol alsieiet)> MING ec npisae sabitor cen Commercial—30 tons Mine. FAYE Are (Cas EBBEM Sata Oa Caan Rap obns dda epOnapara cre Snppnmatcramecryonnrcononr PT MOM NY aces rete lene eins cictareietorel dueais/ sig Fire ranger, Board mine inspector. ..|Fire ranger. Railway Commission- Date of sampling +. July 1915 eRe ae |December 1914 |July 1915. ROMA, oreierne sisisiolstetets ei aisisieieters nil Wieiake aisle prapie ws ieemrugilaia ae ape Sea. : a Operated by Mackenzie & Mann at time of_

sampling.

a

Alberta Coal Fields.

Jasper

Park Area.

Description.

Sample No

Loss on air-drying % Results obtained by Proximate analysis:— IMOistune 8.3. S2.s:.akiaios aes % ENS 3 SSAA Cae Gee SOCEREISR % Volatile matter % xed: CAEDOR 030 s.cssi ocean % Ultimate analysis:— AEDOR nce nshre iit aes ees PU OTOGER on cacis cee tiae weet % PRB ye re oss ouiae Seas % PORE ERAEN Me Fah spas di Gharcns aerate % INGtrOG EN facawemstancaese son % MOS OME eran dana Kae the Oe

Calorifie value:— Calories per gram, gross

B. Th. U. per lb., gross

Fuel ratio

Carbon-Hydrogen ratio

CokMe Propertles...ciciececiasecss

Hoffmann potash test

Location in mine

KANGOL SHIMPIC scicieacle ors esses o

Quality of coal Taken by

Date of sampling

Remarks

The Blue Diamond Coal Co., Ltd., Brulé Mines. Sec. 15, Tp. 50, R. 27.

1219 1220 Re FAD DP Re ADD Anal. Anal. Cale.}Anal. Anal. Cale. 0-5 0:5 0-9 0-9 11-2 11-2 11-3 16-5 16-5 16-6 21-3 21-3 21-4] 16-9 16-9 17-1 67-0 67-0 67-3 65-7 65-7 66-3 79-3 79-3 79-7 74-2 74-2 74-9 4-3. 4-3 4:3 4-0 4:0 3-9

very swollen, rather friable coke

small lump of fair coke

No. 2 north seam. IMaM@ ra cdcccuantssaiae oe

Fire ranger, Board of Railway Commissioners.

November 1917...

No. 4 south seam.

IMHO Meare recat te ia

Bartholemew claim. Near Brulé Lake. Sec. 17, Tp. 50, R. 28.

Coal from tipple. .

Fire ranger

November 1917...

Ba PADis: DD R D Anal. Anal. Cale. Anal Cale. 0-5 0-5 2-2 13-5 13-5 13-6 18-7 19-1 18-6 18-6 18-7 15-3 15-6 67-4 67-4 67-7 63-8 65-3 77-3) 77-3 77-7 4-2 4-2 4-1 3-60 4-15 18-6 18-6 18-9 good coke non-coking Commercial Prospect.

John MacVicar, Geological Survey, Ot-

tawa. Summer of 1916.

Alberta Coal Fields.

Pincher Creek

Saunders Creek Area.

Area. Sample said to be from Description, The Breckenridge 10-ft. seam near Lund Coal Co., Ltd] Saunders Cache.| Saunders Creek Coal Co., Ltd., Lundbreck. close to survey line Saunders Creek. Sec. 26, Tp. 7, R. 2.| of C.N.R. west of Rocky Mountain Tp. 40, R. 12. House. . Sam PISINO sas qhaveaueic een wesc M 47 106 720 861 Moisture condition (see note p. 2). R AD D R D RAD ee) R D Loss on air-drying % 1-2 2°5 Results obtained by Cale. Cale. Anal Anal Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— Moisture tt cnincshntwenantiars % 4-9 3-8 7-1 10:8 8-4 4-8 IASI ntneras biter at sacra 28-2 28-6 29-7 6-7 7-2 6-4 66 7-2 6-3 6-7 Volatile matter 28-6 28-9 30-1 27-0 27-7 30-3 33-1 34-7 Mixed) Garbon. ac asneeee 38-3 38-7 40-2 55:8 57-3 62-5 55-8 58-6 Ultimate analysis:— BUDOR ens cease eerpet Te aLEOe ll moae/ woes 68-2 73-4 65-7 67-4 73-7 70-4 74-0 ydrogenly aac: washer eer ole ac4 eae ge ne Anil 5-3 4-8 5-2 51 4:5 4-9 4-5 UNG heer ct cab calne deities 28-2 28-6 29-7 6-7 7-2 6-4 66 7-2 6-3 6-7 Sulphiinsssc.cg. ces ane shone Gels EGA N57) ® ald 0-7 0-8 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 INTRO eM a ete ir keyed % 1-4 1-4 1-5 10 1-0 1-1 1-2 1-2 Oxy gemicers.nkew st con wanes ABT Ale8 8-7 21-4 19-6 13-2 16-9 13-3 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross 5180 5240 5450 6190 6350 6940 6630 6960 B. Th. U. per lb., gross 9330 9440 9810 11150 11480 12490 11930 12530 OEALLOUN Serie Bee kien no: 1:35 2-05 1-70 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 11-8 12-1 13-4 12-9 15-3 12-6 13-4 16-4 14-6 16-4 Coking properties non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash test 4 AT OCA LIOMATTIING ceo Nee Nie wyaetase Aiehei allo ae tes tee wR S Ae acl lous eon me Poe Lower seam Lower seam, 650 ft. from entry. Kind of sample, . dior. acne vse Sed Comimercial—2 tons}... dis aed ee eee cs Mine... cpocateoncotets Mine. Quality of Coal.Gancnoe se cee vce Roin-Ol Te Soy ryt ce sake MOR OMEN oa NO WE A tease SP ven geen has Walseur by, cme vere watiacene nee Neve T. Denis, Mines Private individual ]J. A. Richards, pro-|J. S. Stewart, Branch. vincial mine in-| Geological spector. Survey. Date Or srOrpling cas ainsi aes y: July 21, 1908 POU cece nce axe December 11, 1915.|/Summer of ROMARES Shara mea caine aerate Naa p ar teeta an tN irate allele eal Ors hr acts II ar ene ee

ALBERTA COAL FIELDS. Yellowhead Pass Area.

North American Collieries, Ltd., Edmonton.

Description. Pacific Pass colliery, Lovettville. Sec. 3, Tp. 47, R. 19 NaTIpIOINOc:,, ssieciies saat s 671 864 433 558 862 Moisture condition (see note p.2) R D R D Ry VAD D Tae ND) 3B) R D Loss on air-drying % 0:5 1-8 Results obtained by Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. |Cale. Anal. Cale./Cale. Anal. Cale.| Anal. Cale Proximate analysis:— Moisture %o| 6°5 8-1 4-9 4-4 922) wie 4-4 ASIN ras woe Fak s see 4:8 5-1 7-8 8-5: 12-5 12:6 18:2 7-5. 7-6 8-3 10-3 10-7 Volatile matter 34-4 36-8 38-0 41-4 34-0 34-2 35-7 29-7 30-3 32-7] 31-4 32-9 Fixed carbon 54-3 58-1 46-1 50-1 48-6 48-8 51-1] 53-6 54-6 59-0] 53-9 56-4 Ultimate analysis:— Carbone... Siccacanses- % 59-4 64-6 65-5 65-8 68-9 66-4 67-6 73-1 67-3 70-4 WP ALOZER. hei02 ince % 4-2 3-6 4-7 4:6 4:3 5-4 5-3 4:8 4-5 4-2 PA STi mie ori a se muciettiedole % 7-8 8-5 7-5 7-6 8-3] 10-3 10-7 Sulpburs.apectpose. cence % Os 25 02 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-1 O01 INTTOSEI x. cas eee ews @ % 0-9 1-0 Oe On bed TsO tet Oxvsonges cies cols vaca % 27-5. 22-1 19-5 18-3 12-5} 16-8 13-5 Calorific val e:— Calories per gram, gross... 5330 5790 6260 6380 6900 6340 6620 B. Th. U. per lb., gross 9590 10430 11280 11480 12420 11410 11930 PBRIOIIER GLO ee cretcsars hic) a aio oe tet 1-60 1-20 1-45 1-80 1-70 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 14-2 18-2 14-0 14-2 15-9] 12-4 12-9 15-3] 14-9 16-6 Coking properties non-coking non-coking non-coking non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash test 6-7 4-3 Location in mine }Wal d'ore Prospect or or or seam. practically| seam. seam, No.2 west| upper seam, at surface. level. 600 ft. from entry. and Of Sample. ces. coc 5 5022.5. Mine} .ccaee's: Miner contac: Mine Shh Gh aenaacoamecce Mine. CEIGENG CUIGETA Cot oer nt aR OPI el ONG 30 Ree onl RESO cr AREA. (it rt na inne Clay and sulphur bands omitted. SPRMON DY den cacccab ares caus. Fire ranger,|J. S. Stewart,|/Fire ranger Provincial minelJ. S. Stewart. Board of] Geological inspector at Ed- Railway] Survey. son. Commissioners. Date of sampling November Summer of November 1914...|March 29, 1915 1916. 1915. 1916. . ROMLAPICH Macy Macapie te osiaisn 6 Operated by Canadian Coal & Coke Co., Ltd., at time of sampling.

Alberta Coal Fields.

Yellowhead Pass Area.

Description.

SAaMplomNO soos Sons meses Moisture condition (see note p. 2). Loss on air-drying % Results obtained by

Proximate analysis:—

Moistare cece orecceee % ASD Smog sah fares clacte deers % Volatile matter ie) Fixed carbon, 2.5 bees se % Ultimate analysis:— ATDOW ect eeGiene eee % Hiv. drogen. sieccatoeen % BU Ace tars eee ees % Sulphurs. 7c ces oe % INItTOGON sents nck Oni ern % OXY gen rat se poms eke cen % Calorifie value:— Calories per gram, gross

B. Th. U. per lb., gross PUMA IOS ak racemes ate a Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Coking properties

Hoffmann potash test

Pacific Pass colliery, Lovettville.

North American Collieries, Ltd., Edmonton.

Sec. 3, Tp. 47, R. 19.

Yellowhead Pass Coal & Coke Co., Ltd., Coalspur. Sec. 6, Tp. 48, R. 21.

Anal. Cale.

. Anal. Cale

Kind' ofisampless.ces sc eetoae kann Quality o1coalesusunaceacseh one Waken: Dye ccictemo eee oe sen es

Date ofisampling ic.0c.00h.s-

ROTATION, cept etka eat

RE VAD! R D Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. 5-5 4-8 4-4 9-3 9-4 9-9 16-1 16-9 34-9 35:2 36-9 32-6 34-1 50-3 50-6 53-2 46-9 49-0 68-1 68-6 72-1 62-9 65-7 4-8 4-7 4-4 4-5 4.2 9-3 9-4 9-9 16-1 16-9 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 15-4 12-0 6470 6520 6850 5920 6180 11650 11740 12330 10650 11130 1:45 1-45 14:3 14-5 16-4 14:1 15-8 barely agglomerates non-coking Mynheer or lower |Mynheer or lowseam. er seam, 900 Mine 5% deere Pemoeres ray wate Fire ranger, S. Stewart, of Railway Com-| Geological missioners. urvey. November 1914 Summer of 1916.

Operated by Canadian Coal & Coke

Co., Ltd., at time of sampling.

.|Mine.

Fire ranger.

December 1913.

Sample received in a broken bottle and therefore partially dried.

Alberta Coal Fields.

Yellowhead Pass Area.

Description.

MAMDIOUNOAs- AC oscn a clvee Seas

Loss on air-drying % Results obtained by Proximate analysis:— IMEGISGURE Meh seis a ieiaoctae es % LAGS 5 ere Se ea % Volatile matter % Fixed carbon 00¢0.0: % Ultimate analysis:— Carbon ete ican oda cere: % Hy drogenesss:ccjcvedis no eracis % PASENE NM stN ge sVavarsisrtiaisvos agai eis % SOU Iya Yetta cate aries ate % INICEORONE nc Mareen erat aie % ORG CEM ae cae yecsseietictine nyo

Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross

BS; Bhe lb. 2Toss. secs. MOLE A GIO! fe cnc s.< crestor ale s:a.e/nsetae Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Coking properties.: 00..00.+

Hoffmann potash test

OCH MONT DOING: cache aisfets cieloia.e UGING OL SAMAPIE Coo ae:e sieve asseiaie cians MOTE OR OOAN fo vin. cancie teste i0.0,50 ARGO NOY eyo cin, sn njscine wae odie ie

DSterwe Sampling. .; oo... s.ceecesr es

RUORIATER Te we neaoe cs sea vee ent

Yellowhead Pass Coal & Coke Co., Ltd., Coalspur. Sec. 6, Tp. 48, R. 21.

316 431 489 865 RAD R TADS eD Rie ADS R D 2-2 1-1 2-2

Cale. Anal. Cale.| Cale. Anal. Cale. Calc. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. 6:0 3-8 5-1 4-0 5-9 3-8 3-7 12-2 12-5 138-0 8-2 8-3 8-7 10-9 11-1 11-6 11-4 11-9 35-4 36-3 37-7 37-3 37-8 39-3 35-2 36-0 37-4 33-2 84-5 46-4 47-4 49-3 49-4 49-9 52-0 48-0 49-1 51-0 51-7 53-6 64-3 65-7 68-3 68-4 69-2 72-1 64-5 65-9 68-5 67-8 70-4 4-9 4-8 4-6 4-9 4-8 4:5 4-7 4:5 4-3 4-4 4.2 12-2 12-5 13-0 8-2 8-3 8-7 10-9 11-1 11-6 11-40 11-9 0-1 O11 O-1 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-9 0-9 19-0 17-6 14-7 15-3 12-4 6170 6310 6560 6470 6550 6820 6070 6210 6460 6330 6570 11110 11360 11800 11650 11790 12280 10930 11180 11620 11400 11830 1:30 1-30 1-35 1-55 13-1 13-7 14-9 14-0 14-4 15-9 13-7 14-5 16-1 15-4 16-9 barely tendency to] non-coking agglomerate 4-5 4-5 Rives GE A DME BI cir ototibsy Geel lenazce Aare cee PNEre 0,68 (CORE See aC aCe eT Prospect seam

Fire ranger, Board of Railway Commissioners.

December 1913

.|Commercial—30

tons.

Screened coal

Provincial mine i spector.

February 1914.

Lab. sample Feb. 2,

near surface. Mine.

J. S. Stewart, Geological

Survey. Summer of 1916,

Alberta Coal Fields.

Yellowhead Pass Area.

Yellowhead Pass Coal & Coke Co., Ltd.,

The Oliphant-Munson Collieries

Description. No. 5 mine, Coalspur. Ltd., Coalspur. Sec. 6, Tp. 48, R. 21. Sec. 23, Tp: 48, R. 21.

DG MIDIOING..- chiais oartnamrnno a eerelsicaes 985 986 877 987 Moisture condition (see note, p. 2) Ria CAD - 21): READ R D R D B088On @iTATYING coos coe s ave oa as %i O-3 0-6 ¥ Results obtained by 05. Cale. Anal. Calc. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:—

Moistite. soi sie Melose tec 4:8 4:5 5-5 5-0 6-1 3-5

Ashita tong texy baled acemees 9:6 9-6 10-1 8-0 81 8-5 6-6 7-0 12:0 12-5

Volatile matter yo... wide) <icewiere 36-8 37-0 38-7 34-7 34-9 36-7 35-1 37-4 36-4 387-7

ixedicapbonwiihese aceite: 48:8 48-9 51-2 51-8 52-0 54-8 52-2 55-6 48-1 49-8 Ultimate analysis:—

End 0s) Wnpcaamap an ag aed oa doe sodpe 66-9 67-2 70-3 67-9 68-3 71-9

IS OBEN Kraehe os vet gare Mee J) 4:8 4:8 4-5 4:8 4-8 4-4

PASI. Seles k betes, iiica gare %

Sulp Waris ab Sctsceirswerlire oneeea 4 %

ORV COWS A iscckene ian elec aeons % Calorific value:—

Calories per gram, gross

Be Th. Unper Why gross. audits 2 Hel P ELON roe.) ages aga harets Aan s o aveiea oe oe 1-30 1-50 1-50 1-30 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 14-0: 14-1 15-8 14-1 14-3 16-2 Woking properties? swiss. Aecte.ceatones non-coking non-coking non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash test 4-5 5-4 4 4-5 POCHION AM YNING 12 Es tare nine eho ee ee No. 1 seam, 500 ft.|No. 2 seam, 500 ft.|No. 1 seam No. 1 seam, 350 Kind of cule S cg ot Raids CORRE ote cee ae Ber ae Foe pticena : Vameie-s Manes nietonntad Mioee rae Quality cowed say... ata sacayteo Me oes ele ede toractosth ove enc aoe ayeeoreic vem eaiaveeabolcty et echoes TE RKOW DY. Maceuhes cdotteeanies x ates Fire ranger, Board of Railway Commissioners. Date Of sampling pci-e. sissies nve,ciaiete LOE Sika Stee LOST putpraee ils ok October 1916 }1917. DROME ICR teeth athe My seevelal Me etsCeraarellbetcraseneo awaits seat: <i-eas ok ede MeV eaercpe mnPR presctaes ci hall aca) a

ALBERTA COAL FIELDS. Yellowhead Pass Area. ee The Oliphant-Munson Collieries, Ltd., Coalspur. Description. Sec. 23, Tp. 48, R. 21.

ample Note cscccnec ere sesidie see 878 988 927 928 Moisture condition (see note p. 2) R D R D Rov aAD AD ne AD iy ROSHOM AET-AT VINE where ce aco eee were ola er. cose coy ee Leslie Maen Me, ate 0-7 Results obtained by : +55 Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:—

ee Se a ees % 5-4 mane 3-2 ee Bele PSE vari. i 4-1 3-4

IN 3 -paOOMO OBE COBDS te % 6-2 6-5 8-7 9-0 7-9 8-0 8-2 8-0 8-1 8-4

Volatile matter 0c000.0..000 36-2 38-3 37-1 38-3

Mixed' Carbon 2 ci isc. os. tee ews 52-2 55-2 51-0 52-7

Ultimate analysis:— Tale eae Seats. A Bee ane 70:3 70-4 72-8 68-8 69-3 71-8

(CEe 00 he Raa ARCO aS nae OD Ease Hydrogen 0-..2200s Vile aise Sets Sohcdae isat 4-9 4.9 4-6 5-0 4-9 4:7 BAUS hei e Maystaer eats eedla Gays ans, vic chal En eee rth ah 2 ae TOW (Ss) 1 Sa0) 8-0 8-1 8-4 Sulphur ems awey eaistk slave avec tas Cea eee ats aps Pen ONE TOPOD sete ate tears ce ere cae stake we % (he giS loqassuagcsnde Huo a cOuaetT ss % Calorifie value:— Calories per gram, gross BY Th. U. per lb. 20088. s. PAYOR UO iratais ahecsfassix ehaYonss vin stove/archers,e ie 1-45 1-40 @arbon-Hydrogen ratio ] Ree ae Ras 14-4 14-5 15-7 13-8 14-0 15-2 Coking properties... cccsierc ccs ewes non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash test :./ 4 5-4 Location in mine 06.6005 No. 2 seam UNOns2 Seana, COON ere cieteiaic ise n seteensr? ON ATOMS Oita sonic myst elec ees Mineeree sees: rea me Commercial Commercial. Nan aOR COM tain e/ a at the aie iets eet rouieialll> Siero cde es coarse lenracuedemes cd scal hoes oie dstea's sees MONE: (ee ely cts viv heen.vs oi ne eg RS Fire ranger, Board of Railway Commissioners. Stee BAMIDUNG nc sivas see denae id October 19162. 494%, oo hacen e January 1917 |January 1917. UMOTTIE RG). 9 Sh Gono gen aaloge WeeeeaOe USE] 6 ate Oee se See eke eres Mt GaP

Alberta Coal Fields.

s Lethbridge-McGrath Area. C.P. Ry., Nat. Resources Dept., Calgary North American Collieries, Ltd., Description. Edmonton. Lethbridge Mine, Coalhurst. Galt No. 3 mine, Galt No. 6 mine, Sec. 21, Tp. 9, R. 22. Lethbridge. Lethbridge. Sec. 6, Tp. 9, R. 21.} Sec. 18, Tp. 9, R. 21

armaplouNo sect ceive sale citisierosiels 321 722 M 44 306 Moisture condition (see note p.2).| R AD OD Bee SAD. 9D RR. tap 2D Ri RAD Loss on air-drying %) O-1 1-5 0-5 1-0 Results obtained by Cale. Anal. Cale.| Cale. Anal. Cale.| Calc. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— :

MoIsbUTO} ccioc ceed ce eens 8-9 8-8 10-7 9-3 8-4 7-9 9-8 8-9

PASE saalierncden one eine 9-7 9-7 10-7] 18-1 13-3 14-7] 10-1 10-1 11-0 9-6 9-7 10-7

Volatile matter 33-6 33-6 36-8 27-4 27-8 30-7 34-3 34-5 37-5 33-4 33-7 37-0

Mixed) Carbon. .cj.ntoessrs %) 47-8 47-9 52-5 48-8 49-6 54-6] 47-2 47-5 51-5 47-2 47-7 52-3 Ultimate analysis:—

Carbone veces Coe eae 63-3 63-4 69-5 58-1 59-0 65-0} 60-9 61-3 66-5 62-9 63-5 69-7

in drogen scctae sane wssesak 5-4 5-4 4-8]-5-2 5-1 4-5 5-4 5-4 4-9 5-5 5-5 4-9

IASH serie cveg nie ities ae esines 9-7 9-7 10-7 13-1 13-3 14-7] 10-1 10-1 11-0 9-6 9-7 10-7

Sulphur ys ot a smeee cuca 0-6 0-6 0-6] 0-5 0-5 0-6 0-7 #O-7 0-8 0-5 0-5 0-6

Nitrogen. Joie asses 5 ser CA ih 1-6 18+ 1-4 Wed 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-7 1:5 Lebo S57

Oxy ren: echetsites sec aescrs 19-4 19-3 12-6 21-7 20-7 13-6] 21-3 20-9 15-1 20-0 19-3 12-4 Calorifie value:—

Calories per gram, gross 6050 6060 6640 5520 5610 6180 5960 6000 6510 6040 6100 6700

B. Th. U. per lb., gross 10890 10900 11950 9940 10090 11130 10730 10790 11710 10880 10980 12030 BVGUGAbIOS sjsu ce tras asst 1-40 1-80 1-35 1-40 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 11-7 11-8 14:4] 11-1 11-5 14-4] 11-2 11-3 18-5 11-4 11-6 14-2 Coking properties ++. non-coking non-coking non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash test 3 3-2 3-2 THOcaHON IN MAINE, - syrecis sccce> sles No. 1 seam No. Lseam, sOuth=|.. 0 5s enue vest eees

, west section.

Kuindofisample sy ccc tieisc cece scan Mine MPMGn@ fncurect nis hare oe Commercial—3 tons} Mine.

QuslityOneoak ic asnceyesisen anes PawORY osc tapers wnises re

Date of sampling 0.000088

IROMATS yin arias te thrnoanobare aevcias

S. A. Jones, provincial mine inspector.

January 1914

Operated by the

W. Shaw, provincial mine inspector

. December 22, 1915

Canadian Coal &

Coke Co., Ltd., at time of sampling.

Over #-inch screen and picking table.

T. Denis, Mines Branch.

July 22, 1908

Operated by Alberta Railway Irrigation Co., at time of sampling.

A.N. Scott and §.A. Jones, provincial mine inspectors.

December 1913.

ou

Alberta Coal Fields.

Lethbridge-McGrath Area.

Description.

Sample No

Moisture condition (see note p. Bosstonair-dry ing ycsje.d. senses ys Results obtained by

'Proximate analysis:— Moisture

Calorifie value:— Calories per gram, gross

B. Th. U. per lb., gross

Fuel ratio

Carbon-Hydrogen ratio

Coking properties

Hoffmann potash test

Date of sampling

Remarks

Chinook Coal Co., Ltd., Commerce. Sec. 12, Tp. 10, R. 22.

R

Anal. Anal. Calc.

8. A. Jones, provincial mine inspector.

November 1913...

Cale. Anal. Cale.

non-coking

Anal. Calc.

No. 1 seam

Commercial — 20

F. Aspinall, provincial mine inspector.

October 1915

Lab. sample Mar. 6, 1916

No. 1 seam, southwest main entry Mine

W. Shaw, provincial mine inspector

. Dee. 21, 1915

Ellis Bros. No. 1 mine, Champion. Sec. 8, Tp. 16, R. 23.

Re "ADD Cale. Anal. Cale. 12-8 10-2 6:8 -7-0 7-8 31-7 32-7 36-4 48-7 50-1 55-8 60-7 62-5 69-6 5:5 5:4 4-7 6-8 7-0 7-8 0-5 0-5 0-6 1-2 1-2 1:4 25-3 23-4 15-9 5750 5920 6600 10350 10660 11870

No. 1 seam, main entry.

Mine.

Inferior coal not taken.

J. A. Richards, provincial mine inspector.

November 4, 1915.

Rs

&

Alberta Coal Fields.

Drumheller Area.

Rosedale Coal & Clay Products Co., Ltd., Rosedale.

aia Sec. 28, Tp. 28, R. 19. Sample No +0+00+.beos 259 348 665 691 Moisture condition (see note p. 2). R D RAD. DD Re AD Se) Ry ADO! dd. Loss on air-drying % 7-2 5-1 4-7 Results obtained by +-. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— Moisture win cic. cases smn 16-5 15-3 8-8 18-3 13-9 18-8 14-8 Asha: tae azk esas % 6-5 7:8 7-6 82 9-0 4:9 51 6-0 7-9 8-3 9-8 : Volatile matter 33-6 40-2 32-1 34-6 37-9 32-1 33-8 39:3 28-4 29-8 34-9 Fixed carbon 48-4 52-0 45-0 48-4 53-1 44-7 47-2 54-7 44-9 47-1 55-3 Ultimate analysis:— Carbone: se akeeeaetans tehiol Ou o 68-6 56-9 61-2 67-2 57-9 61-0 70-9 54-7 57-4 67-4 Ely dropeneernn sete eat 5-8 4-7 5-6 5:2 4-6 5-7 5:4 4-5 5-6 oF 4-3 We SA ORION ot AC ad OD oF 6:5 7:8 7-6 8-2 9-0 4-9 5-1 6-0 7-9 8-3. 9-8 Snip hina eaes oper aise eon %) 0-4 0:5 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-4 0-5. 0-5 0-5 0-5 0:5 INDGORED sire ajeine piateale saline 1-3 1:6 1-3 1-4 1-6 1-4 1-5 1-7 Oxy Gene che cts orisrutereiey age 28-7 16-8 eee 29-8 26-6 16-5 29-9 27-0 16-3 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross 5360 6420 5340 5750 6300 5570 5870 6820 5200 5460 6410 B. Th. U. per lb., gross 9650 11560 9600 10350 11340 10030 10570 12270 9370 9830 11540 Rueliratiowien cacti: aera k oki ae 1-30 1-40 1-40 1-60 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 9-9 14-6 10-2 11-9 14-7 10-1 11-3 15-7 9-8 10-8 15-6 Coking properties non-coking non-coking non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash test TAG GAL LOM WE MAC aise creheh vole' Galemalieieiaeyeie ssi aB Stl eke sis stalea aah ITE No.2 seam No. 2 seam. TRU OF. BAUIDIO ween trea tiga wan eae Mine |Commercial—30

LOE en ACCES iat an ao AG. Rae PAKOR Ws Senihan de ctu widuiieist ofee9

Date:of sampling ..csn decade os

VOMIT ICS a chee aie che Praisasie.etuietatiets

tons.

inspector.

LOIS Aa saan Lab. sample July 10, 1913.

Both lab. samples taken from same

tons.

Provincial mine inspector

.

DONS chor arataseady Gaston Lab. sample March

commercial sample.

Run-of-mine

tor. October 22, 1915

F. Aspinall, provincial mine inspec-

Run-of-mine.

Provincial mine inspector.

October 1915. Lab. sample Feb. 7,

iL ee.

Alberta Coal Fields.

Drumheller Area.

The Drumheller Land Co., Ltd., Drumheller.

Alberta Block Coal Co.,

Description. Ltd., Drumheller. Sec. 2, Tp. 29, R. 20. Sec. 3, Tp. 29, R. 20.

(SEE 9) ORIN) ae ee ne 319 473 531 Moisture condition (see note'p. 2) R AD D R AD D R : AD D WMogsion air-dry ot sauces codes ok 3+2 8-7 5-6 Results obtained by ] Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale, 'Anal. Cale: Proximate analysis:—

LOISLUTOM LRN bets couk tome oe 19-2 16-5 18-9 11-2 16-5 11-6

ENS Dfeas cise A eae aa ea er %) 6-4 6-6 7-9 14-8 16-2 18-3 2-9 3-1 3-5

Volatile matter, ...0...6 00000005. 30-3 31-3 37-5 28-3 31-0 34-9 33-2 35°1 39-7

xed Carbon mace. sect ates ok 44-1 45-6 54-6 38-0 41-6 46:8 47-4 50-2 56-8 Ultimate analysis:—

Gar bones. cee. esaieee Oras ace. 56-4 58-3 69-8 49-2 53-8 60-6

TV GKOGEN Far Seperate ak ode nie 5:8 5-6 4-5 5-5 4-9 4-1

INGO ao in sn oi, Ae aE EA RSE 6-4 6-6 7-9 14-8 16-2 18-3

al DUG poste Maine elton 0-4 0-4 0-5 0-4 0-4 0-5

INTRO BER Ee Meraaiecaee aoe % 1-2 1:3 1-5 1-0 1-1 1-3

ORY PON. MIEN aie see ene see 29-8 27-8 15-8 29-1 23-6 15-2 Calorific value:—

Calories per gram, gross 5240 5410 6490 4630 5070 5710

BTh? Us per lb. eross 2 +. 9440 9750 11680 8330 9120 10270 LNT) LEE S/o ja ee 2 1-45 1-35 1-45 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 9-8 10-5 15-6 9-0 11-0 14-7 Coking properties... 6.05 .00.6.05004%- non-coking non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash test MOcatION IM MINE... esky dade vaeas WOWOL SCAN Sr ces enee sell onnes ects ceciaek vides 6 bierne ixindiiof samples. stiee.-!. 6s tne cs vs Minesnca teeta lt fas Commercial—carload.. . °

Quality of coal Taken by

Dateiof sampling... jsce.si. cee ces

Remarks

November 1913

J. T. Stirling, provincial chief mine inspector.

May 1914

Lab. sample Jan. 7, 1915.

Mine authorities.

January 1915.

ALBERTA COAL FIELDS. Drumheller Area.

Description.

SamplosNoi eas sies sens asi ole Pallets Moisture condition (see note p. 2) TOSS On A1T-ATYINE ss cess dance oe es % Results obtained by ++++

Proximate analysis:—

Moistire sc ri)- vals e ens % LN) eee ORDA EEE ORATOR OCU OS AS % Volatile matter. sx... scswsjeuen % Bixedicarbons.mecis-cestanioes ao Ultimate analysis:— Warbom ht hours. 15° sauegaanse % TV OTOSEN hoc oy cues essa oaks maine % Aah ch tar ae cohen aire tae ae % Sulphtrs sise-es senna ecs % Nitrogen. 2) Sk oes dis ae teeees % ORVMOR co Sosa ce aoe tse %

Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross

By Lh. Ge perl byt 2rOssuoewn. wien g ANT) eth} Palen een anc cit toniae roars Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Coking properties... cc .s0s es Jenneas

Hoffmann potash test 6.--

Location in mine 06-52+-- +.

Kind OL AMPLE s Wer asaisis cosa torres eeielaese Quality of eeah ca.aivs i veseeeaueersave

Taken bys sfartantocsieuckie aso a a csmeahs

Date of sampling

Newcastle Coal Co., Ltd., Drumheller. Sec. 9, Tp. 29, R. 20.

R AD D Cale. Anal. - Cale. 16-5 11-4 , 7-6 8-1 3 9-1 32-1 34-1 38-5 43-8 46-4 52-4 56-3 59-8 67-5 5-6 5-2 4-5 Gy 8aloe On 0-4 0-4 0-5 1-2 1-2 1-4 28-9 25-3 17-0 5330 5660 6390 9590 10190 11500 10-1 11-4 15-1

non-coking

Newcastle seam Commercial—20 tons

Run-of-mine yer

F, Aspinall, provincial mine inspector.

October 15, 1914

Lab. sample Feb. 4, 1915.

Midland Collieries, Ltd., Drumheller.

Bone and clay left out,

to correspond with regular practice at mine.

HA Aspinall We eee:

October 21, 1915

Sec. 9, Tp. 29, R. 20.

R Ad D R Ad D

5-8 4-3 Hs or Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. 18-6 13-7 16-2 12-5—

1-50 1-50 10-1 11-4 15-9 10-4 11-4 15-5 non-coking non-coking NG: Siseams oss ces ce No. 4 seam. Mine .|Commercial—30 tons.

Run-of-mine.

Provincial mine inspector

. September 1915. Lab.sample Nov.17,1916.

Description.

Loss on air-drying % Results obtained by Proximate analysis:— Moisture). Mie t le cna cs % NSB tac org si ate oti ayels oie % Volatile matter % Fixed carbon % Ultimate analysis:— Carbonayetaiccne. igs: % Fiydrogen..5..05.50...5. % PAS eae, eaten dione % INUtrOgeR. ieisaacic oie ats NG Oxy genuine.. "ccs his eee %

Calorifie value:— Calories per gram, gross..

B. Th. U. per lb., gross..

Fuel ratio

Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Coking properties

Hoffmann potash test

ALBERTA COAL FIELDS. Big Valley-Trochu-Three Hills-Carbon Area.

Chas. S. Wilson's mine, Twining. Sec. 14, Tp. 31, R 24

A GADD Cale. Anal. Cale. 15-1 14-3 8-3 _.$-4, 0-8 28-3 28-5 33-3 48-3 48-8 56-9 58-0 58-5 68-3 $4. 5-3 pho 8-3 8-4 9-8 0-6 0-6 0-7 6-9 6-9 4-t 26-8 26-3 15-8 5440 5490 6410 9800 9890 11540

No. 1 seam, 350 ft. in No. 1 entry.

Geo. Watson's mine, Three Hills. Sec. 22, Tp. 31, R. 24

Cale. Anal. Cale. 15-7 13-8 5-9 916-1 7:0 30-9 31-5 36-6 47-5 48-6 56-4 59-6 60-9 70-7 5-7 5-6 4-7 5-9 6-1 7-0 1-8 1-8 2-1 1:0 1-0 1-2 26-0 24-6 14-3 5650 5780 6700 10170 10410 12070

Ellis Coal Co., Ltd., Three Hills. Sec. 36, Tp. 31, R. 24

. Cale.

non-coking

William Halbert's mine, Trochu. Sec. 12, Tp. 33, R. 23

. Anal. Cale.

No. 1 seam, 300 ft. in east entry.

Run-of-mine

No. 1 seam, west entry, 600 ft. from shaft bottom.

Mine.. He

Run-of-mine

Duncan McDonald, provincial mine inspector.

January 19, 1917

Sample received in broken bottle, and

therefore partially dried.

January 19, 1917

January 18, 1917

No. 1 seam, 120 ft. in No. 2 entry

March 8, 1917.

ALBERTA COAL FIELDS. Big Valley-Trochu-Three Hills-Carbon Area.

Halbert Bros'. Ole Thompson's mine, Lousana. Calgary Collieries, Description. (R. & D.) Ltd., Ardley. mine, Trochu. Sec. 12, Tp. 36, R. 22. Sec. 29, Tp. 38, R. 23 Sec. 14, Tp. 33, R. 23

SAWIDIO NOS. ce heed Aes eins 983 807 971 814 Moisture condition (see note

De) ee hea eee Role R: eeAD Se WD. R AD D AD RAD FD, Loss on air-drying..? 2-6 2-9 soen 3-0 2-0 Results obtained by Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Calc. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:—

IMOIStUTOdiiar fasts cach 17-6 15-4 18-2 15-7 17-9 15-3 17-1 15-4

Ash Seta eae ates 8-38 8-5 10-1 7-8 8-0 9-5 15-6 16-1 19-0 8-4 8-6 10-1

Volatile matter 27.4 28-1 33-2 28-3 29-2 34-6 27-3 28-2 33-3 32-3 32-9 38-9

Fixed carbon..., 46-7 48:0 56-7 45-7 47-1 55-9 39-2 40-4 47-7 42-2 43-1 51-0 Ultimate analysis:—

Carbon s,cevte cee 56-7 58-2 68-8 55-4 57-0 67-7 49-9 51-5 60-8 55-9 57-0 67-4

Bydrogenin [f.5554-055- 5-4 5:2 4-1 5-3 5-2 4-0 5-3 5-2 4-0 5-6 5-5 4-5

PAG moss hie knoe 83 8-5: 10-1 7-8 8-0 9-5 15-6 16-1 19-0 8-4 8-6 10-1

Mulphuyr. Jiiveaea see ees % 0-4 0-4 0:5 0-2 0-2 0:3 0-4 0-4 0-5 0-4 0-4 0-4

INGrOwen cools so0 seo NG 0-9 1-0 dei 0-9 O-9 1-1 0-9 O-9 1-1 4:0 CT kg

OXVECHs.. Sees jaca ease 28-3 26-7 15-4 30-4 28-7 17-4 27-9 25-9 14-6 28-7 27-4 16-3 Calorific value:—

Calories per gram, gross..| 5280 5420 6410 5120 5270 6260 4710 4850 5730 5290 5400 6380

B. Th. U. per lb., gross..} 9500 9750 11530 9210 9490 11270 8470 8740 10320 9530 9720 11490 Bueliratioc sn. igs. ceca oe 1-70 1-60 1-45 1-30 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 10-6 11-2 16-8 10-4 11-0 16-8 9-4 10-0 15-0 9-9 10-3 15-0 Coking properties non-coking non-coking non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash test 2-1 1 2-1 2

Location in mine Kind Of samplejicccies vores Quality of'coal.. asacocsas cs "PAKON Wate. lhc. shee pore ied Date of sampling

OMAK SR Aor eect clon

No. 1 seam, 130 ft. in No. 1 entry.

August 2, 1916

250 ft. in main entry Min@ticssset3 Ore

Run-of-mine

Duncan McDonald, provincial mine inspector.

.|March 8,-1917

Marchiy,, LOL. Jac

Red Deer seam.

Mine.

August 1, 1916.

Bye

Alberta Coal Fields.

Pembina-Wabamun Area.

Description.

MBIA DIOING .osccdocicieis siwsaawcte nee Moisture condition (see note p. 2). Loss on air-drying % Results obtained by

Proximate analysis:—

BIQISERTO. oat ce dass steeds 1% Wah Bee oats iit acl sits sashes % BP Volatile matter .c ce: ..c sss % Fixed carbon % Ultimate analysis:— MEMOR I faedu cies Lee ws % IE POSEN Gases ee Misaie ele t % NST Meee RE el Ste shasta % Ul po MU ssa ans cle ate % INSEGRODOR doco Aate.cls ainitte'a 6% % (ORV GOD ee cic deere eae wth %

Calorifie value:— Calories per gram, gross

BArh; Uy. per Ib.;-gross 1A lids CORP ees wee Daria RecA oes Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Coking properties

Hoffmann potash test

Location in mine RonGtOl BAMIPIS 26 aster veiseSee ces Gua ityOLCOAN colcisie;<flatetersrere cise 2 PEARON DY Mares aronne dese metre nst.

Date of sampling Tay no 2 328 Magoe se peigig Sp Sc aneoetg

Security Coal Mines, Wabamun.

Sec. 14, Tp. 53, R. 4.

Lakeside Coals, Ltd., Wabamun. Sec. 9, Tp. 53, R. 4.

193 194 872 875 RAD D Rk -AD D R D Re ADD 2-5 1-0 54

Calc. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Calc. Anal. Cale.

18-9 16-8 14-6 13-8 6-7 24-1 19-7 5-6 5-7 6-9 5-6 5-7 6:6 11-7 12-5 6-1 6:5 8-1 31-6 32-4 38-9 33-3 33-6 39-0 34-8 37-3 27-7 29-3 36-5 43-9 45-1 54-2 46-5 46-9 54-4 46-8 50-2 42-1 44-5 55-4 54-7 56-0 67-4 58-3 58-9 68-3 58-9 63-1 52-0 55-0 68-5 5°3 5-2 4-0 5-1 6-1 4-1 4-4 3-9 5-8 5-5 4-0 5-6 5-7 6-9 5-6 5:7 6:6 11-7 12-5 621 659 81 0-2 0-2 0:3 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-1 0-1 O-1' 0-2 0-7 0-7 0-8 O70, 0:9 0-7 0-8 0-7 0-7 0-9 33-5 32-2 20-6 30-1 29-4 19-9 24-2 19-6 35-3 32-2 18-3 4960 5080 6110 5250 5300 6150 5360 5750 4690 4950 6170 8930 9150 11000 9450 9550 11080 9650 10340 8440 8920 11110

non-coking non-coking non-coking non-coking Fo EAN Ces ee NEE ok, SOE ee No. 1 or upper] No. 1 or upper seam. seam Mine wot cncis athens. IMGTIG pette sell ater gn ttnsots MDE acne eine nm Mine.

Average of mine

J. G. S. Hudson, Mines Branch, Ot-

tawa. August 22, 1912

Average of mine

J. G. 8S. Hudson

J. S. Stewart, Geological

Survey. Summer of 1916.

J. T. Stirling, provincial chief mine inspector.

October 28, 1916.

Operated by Island Lake Coal Co. at time of sampling.

4 . vf i ' ALBERTA COAL FIELDS. r Pembina-Wabamun Area. Gainford Collieries, Ltd., Gainford. Description. Sec. 14, Tp. 53, R. 6. GagiploiNGd! tte: Sahoeh.) cee 186 187 260 E Moisture condition (see note p. 2) - R AD D R AD D R D OSM ONAIN-UL VINE os seers a lele Seieincecrouiansitins Owe Vite 368) sere Sa 4-8 Resultsjobtained: by sven ens d-eeeess aeleeegee Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— IN CRSEMEO) fe he heute Boe Te eed 9-9 8-7 5 ae 19-9 15-8 tie 17-0 LAA a AREAS SOCEIS, oT ORS CIA 0 ae % 6-0 6-1 6-7 5-8 6-1 7:3 8-4 10-1 Volatilematter: c.f... eke. ae 34-8 35-3 38-7 30-0 31-5 387-4 30-8 37-1 HIKE Oar OOning uit Cue ents Tete eee 49:3 49-9 54-6 44-3 46-6 55-3 43-8 52-8 Ultimate analysis:— Carbon 60-9 61-7 67-6 54-9 57-6 68-4 53-8 64-8 z Hydrogen 5-0 4-9 4-3 5-8 5-5 4-4 5-0 3°8 AB iticts Poi dicate aetisel enone ames 6-0 6-1 6-7 5-8 6-1 7-3 8-4 10-1 Sulphur 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-6 0-7 Nitrogen 0-9 0-9 1-0 0-7 0-7 0-9 1-6 1-9 Oxygen 27-0 26-2 20-2 32-6 29-9 18-8 30-6 18-7 - Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross :.00:. 5680 5750 ~—-6300 5130. 5390 6400 5020 6050 BaTh Ue pers butenossanes erase ceewhte 10220 10350 11340 9230 9700 11510 9040 10890 OU TA CIOS ate valent cattrsuit shale Gale ete awe weicleauta 1-40 1-50 1-40 'Carbon-Hy drogen ratio ies. eae Seip nnt comes 12-2 12-5 15-6 9-5 10-5 15-5 10-8 17-1 AORIRE ODEEUIOS 9 725.8-<3: cance agin canting se seth non-coking non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash test., ..20 6.ccvecesucvees PCA EIO MAN AIG eae ee acer ase Sere aie 5 Til Prien Sie Soca, Baie dlowsid soterogel Oe aee cee crete ee Neer Kind Of sample seek cence heres Meredaieteats Mine. iecnnstiieastecane IMINO Wes \acneintacnecmerae Commercial— 5 ' ; carload. . Quality Meal Jo. - 5 Rit ys days a's Rosarg sek REO Average of seam Average of seam Maken bynrwe:: 20. ccaeeaseie se soreness J..G. S. Hudson, Mines/J. G. S. Hudson Provincial mine i Branen. inspector. Date On sam png. 2720 a. sacanscciamemisiane Pa aes esies August 10, 1912... 6.00. August 10, 1912 Lab. sample July 9, 1913. MO LAAT ICS Ast REP sie bys anite cay STH LG amt e Soo A RI Ge OREN SA Teas ES ERE RA caravan aaa

Alberta Coal Fields.

Pembina-Wabamun Area.

Description. SamplewNos. sce rctacs cade saescare. Moisture condition (see note p. 2). Loss on air-drying VA Results obtained by Proximate analysis:—

Volatile matter %

Fixed carbon 0..+.- % Ultimate analysis:—

DON a eistaisleys cave dixie ls eiste eso 8 % Ey Groceny nea ce plore. ccecs se % JES Rc hacie SSO eee % Sulphurdyestsc oe crat ais rom are % Nitrogen 005 % OXY POWs cvs vos dona as %

Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross

B. Th. U. per lb., gross

Fuel ratio

Carbon-Hydrogen ratio

Coking properties

Hoffmann potash test

North American Collieries, Ltd., Edmonton. Pembina mine, Evansburgh. Sec. 30, Tp. 53, R. 7.

non-coking

Rr ADD

Cale. Anal. Cale.

non-coking

Anal. Cale.

R D Anal. Cale. 11-1 11-8 32:4 34-3 50-8 53-9 61:9 65-7 11-10 11-8 21-5 17-4 5720 6060 10300 10920 14-4 16-9 non-coking

WISCATION 1M TAING sya cde ors ae ene HCInCROLBAINDPIG. once vse cs tie oseees Quality of coal

BRA ONION AA eet iis cn cciiees vc ses

Wate SLEAMPLIOP 0.40.00. nee cee:

FERRI AERA Se Mey cite Aafe. :6jelvih ciesdi els Syste

inkeneiahelekeie ceva tives pre eh re

Commercial—30tons

Provincial mine inspector.

March 1914 Lab. sample March 27, 1914.

Provincial mine inspector.

March 1914 Lab. sample April 27, 1914.

Both lab. samples taken from same commercial

sample.

Lower or Ne. 2 seam

J. T. Stirling, provincial

chief mine inspector.

November 1913

Operated by Pembina Coal Co., Ltd., at time of sampling.

Lower or No. 2 seam. Mine.

J. S. Stewart,

Geological Survey.

Summer of 1916,

Operated by Pembina Coal Operators, Ltd., at time of sampling.

3 S a ; bay v aie. 5 rage Eo ; ; La aa , ' x a Py t ' at ! ! ALBERTA COAL FIELDS. Taber-Bow Island Area. f Canada West Coal Co., Ltd., Taber. Description. Sec. 31, Tp. 9, R. 16. f Sample No 00655 We Succ ARO oe yee M 43 MEX 12 366 Moisture condition (see note p. 2) 0000- R AD D D R AD D BOSS OW AIT GLY UNS": sec cig e-s sserens iyae oGia asso e cise 1:5 0-8 oh os Results:obtained Dy cwadu asus ceacieciudnesie Cale. Calc. Anal. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— ME OLMLN TOW... ahs a ase Mapen a amet. remem 13-0 11-7 13-0 12-2 OA Sick ears crime Hamar ee ig mataia roa eae eee 12-3 12-4 14-1 23-6 10-8 10-9 12-4 Volatile matters), ..cu iti sees ei Poa raters 31:3 31-8 36-0 33-8 30-9 31-2 35-5 Mixed Car bony tie ansidason deaeses serene 48-4: 44-1 49-9 42-6 45-3 45-7 52-1 Ultimate analysis:— Carbon ieh.53 sat tee ee Sete ok eRe 56-1 .56-9 64:5 58-9 59-4 67-7 Ey drove'.,to1: ot autichs sSea haem un aired 5-6 5-5 4-7 5-4 5-4 4-6> PAST site PT Rta deta Wasi ste Wathen wea ee Rees ates Batt 12-3 12-4 14-1 10-8 10-9 12-4 Sulpbuaty.atic. esas o Woe weaaioae ema ended % 1-2 1:3 1-4 1-4 0-9 0-9 1-0 INTtrOgER ws hiataeukt. cme Machwiomaene tet eer %G 1-3 1-4 1-6 1-4 1-4 1-6 Oxy con doe ' srt nee aac anaes Fates ae 28-5 22+5 13-7 22-6 22-0 12-7 Calorific value:— : : Calories per gTaMs LTOSS. wssce sobs ceca ss eh ees 5330 5420 6130 5220 5460 5510 6280 IB Tbe Uhiper Ibe prose. capaci: sacctnaoe 9600 9750 11040 9400 9830 9920 11300 ON VRGLOs hans daisies gira anediane aac emiai wpe 1-40 1-25 1:45 @Carbon=EHy drogen Tapio ts. sos. erences sree 10-1 10-4 13-6 10-8 11-0 14-8 Coking, prOpertles is:-:<.a--, selajersisrlesisicithe ciate sielacers e ietecee non-coking non-coking Lom mann Potash! GEst sox vied ssiace ale miccctorewpleeralernra ove Teer SE Tait nee aeay nee aig arn Ae DOE OSA SO ACO Sear earn ORO ere GAO (Gtr, screen Gn GOL SAMPIS rare dis. oie aie ate aewtaeemumiechionead Commercial—5 tons Mine Mine. QaalityOUCOaltcet cates Fo AN a heen haere Over #-inch screen. Maken Vs. gate vac: see oon a Aes Gee alo ons T. Denis, Mines Branch.|T. Denis...|S. A. Jones, provincial ; , mine inspector. Date of sampling Freie sieateasxctas.s se eh eres a Muly 205, LOOS Avro cra were, July 23, 1908] April 1914. HROIIAL RG. chreters oars o acaic, (0 4 Rn aera paves: Sneha ler ache einer ell aelbghse Siereel aU ASE Sore eye Tal a egies Hate Acie

ALBERTA COAL FIELDS. Taber-Bow Island Area.

ave Regal Coal Co., Ltd., |Superior Coal Co., Ltd.,|/Rock Springs Coal & Description. Eureka mine, Taber. Taber. Brick Co., Ltd., Elean. Sec. 8, Tp. 10, R. 16. Sec. 18, Tp. 10, R. 16. Sec. 3, Tp. 10, R. 17.

BAMPlEINO gy .. Sastwwbitelarsolsjneiareee etait 406 408 407 Moisture condition (see note p. 2) R AD D R AD D R AD D hosstonair-Gr ying ays vices vee cued 0? Tala Ve Aes sande 2-6 is ewe 0-5 Results obtained by 0.0s005+ Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— IVAICGUTSS is Se er 2 ee 15-0 14-0 Nash 14-9 12-7 eae 12-8 12-4 ' NSIS aria or Sere Basset A cr iY co a SY 6: 7-00) (81a) 12 tee 1948 Volatile matters. 0.00.2.00% 31-4 31-8 36-9 31-8 32-6 37-3 30-0 30-2 34-4 Bixediearbons..lec.scares's sesscrnt Jo) 46-3 46-8 54-4 46-4 47-7 54-6 46-0 46-2 52-8 Ultimate analysis:— Gar ou fcr-in a lacwissap alone eeee 59-7 60-5 70-3 59-3 60-8 69-7 56-4 56-7 64-7 ET Y. GrOgeIas i aeicte acids os axsrsioc nites 5-8 5:8 4-9 6-0 5-8 5-1 5-4 5-4 4-6 CAS erat niaic rales ante apinictorsia,2 can abe 7-3 7:4 8-7 6-9 7-0 8-1 11-2 11-2 - 12-8 Sali UE a csmae sree taeeteuiaaa state 1-2 1-2 1-4 1:3 1:3 1-5 1-1 1-1 1-2 INGUTO ROMs neem, oma ce ites he 1-4 1-5 1-7 1-5 1-6 1-8 1:3 1:3 1-4 ORG BOI ct popes vain d sofelore are ois 24-6 23-6 13-0 25-0 23-5 13-8 24-6 24-3 15-3 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross 5610 5680 6600 5580 5730 6560 5330 5350 6110 ibe he peril by, 2toss. 24... oe 10100 10220 11880 10050 10320 11810 9580 9630 10990 HEE SCAT Net train.cis aroha ceccislsaysicteni cies oetaiel- 1-45 1-45 1-55 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 10-3 10-5 14-4 9-9 10-4 13-8 10-5 10-6 14-2 ) Coking properties 50.0.0005 non-coking non-coking non-coking " Hoffmann potash test 1-2 Ps, 1-2

Mine 2. 65.6000 ceceee vas . PROM GRGHSAT PIO: tea sieyecorns ovrlawie case en: Mine samples. Quali yZOl Coal ey 2: cje.n,c1h-s qatcttn leianlel ee BEY USERID Vitec taj cfelas giant fe 5 sche. sca wcsiacs ees wR Sn S. A. Jones, provincial mine inspector. NA LOTOMSATO PUNE 5. a shells te!e ea wince ata oi October 1914.

Alberta Coal Fields.

Description.

Sample No

(Loss onarr-drying.S...35 60% castro ces % Results obtained by 2.08- Proximate analysis:— IMOISENTO hte den ceivecs maine % PASH a Mh.des ore ateieie wis stele acidige Bienes % Volatile: matter? cveispeeaces % Bixed carbone recs cnadne sate % Ultimate analysis:— Carbon, :2c costs a satesoeee % eB) ees) oe SAAR CRN Tee NG PASH va etige cde, econ ce a eae renee % Bulphutia, across ecettes seen % INISIOR OMY Face ce esas caw sing ses % OVEN ici traces nests tence es %

Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross

B. Th. U. per lb., gross

Mel SARION.). Sacicas ate dha nist ananeeues Carbon-Hydrogen ratio

Coking properties

Hoffmann potash test

Location in mine

Kind of a ple is. caps:tnes caster cae

Quality of coal Taken by

Date of sampling

Remarks

Hanna Area.

Parr. Sec. 18, Tp. 29, R. 14.

R AD D Cale. Anal. Cale. 23-8 =21-2 9-1 9-4 12-0 28-3 29-2 937-1 88-8 40-2 50-9 48-7 50-3 63-9 5-9 5-7 4-2 9-1 9-4 12-0 0-4 0-5 0:6 1-0 1-1 1-4 34:9 33-0 —-:17-9 4530 4690 5950 8160 8440 10710 8-3 8-9 15-3

non-coking

Sheerness. Sec. 12, Tp. 29, R. 13.

R Ad D

Cale. Anal. Cale. 24-9 20-0

4-4 4-7 5-9 27-5 29-3 36-6 43-2 46-0 957-5 52-5 55-9 69-8 6-0 5-7 4-3 4-4 4-7 5-9 0-3 0:3 0-4 1-0 1-1 1-4 35-8 32-3 18-2 4870 5190 6490 8770 9340 11680 8-7 9-9 16-3 non-coking ad 1

Luck & Sinclair mine, W. J. Anderson's mine, Sam, Wadsworth's mine

Hanna. Sec. 19, Tp. 29, R. 14.

R AD D Cale. Anal. Cale. 24-1 20-8 5-6 5-8 7:3 29-7 31-0 389-2 40-6 42-4 53-5 51:7 53-9 68-2 6-0 5-8 4-3 5-6 5-8 7:3 0-4 0-4 0-5 1-0 1-1 1-4 35-3 33-0 18-3 4850 5060 6400 8730 . 9120 11510 8-6 9-4 15-7 non-coking

No. 1 seam, No. 1 south entry.

Duncan McDonald, prov

December 1, 1916

No. 1 seam, south entry, 200 ft. from slope bottom.

incial mine inspector.

December 13, 1916

No. 1 seam, main entry.

Mine.

August 24, 1916.

ion

Alberta Coal Fields.

Lacombe Area.

McCormack Mine Co., Castor. Description. Sec. 34, Tp. 37, R. 14. Sample NOstese ssa sects sacecwe gen 876 992 Moisture condition (see note p. 2). RAD R D Loss on air-drying 7-0 Results obtained by Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— MIGISHURC TN eh aan. doacaye 28-1 22-7 14-5 INS Nani cadet eee Pines area 7-6 8-2 10-6 8-3 9-7 Volatile matter Q%\ 28-6 30-7 39-7 33-6 39-3 Hixed*carbon. cesses. ccs. 35-7 38:4 49-7 43-6 51-0 Ultimate analysis:— Gar DON thoes kaw: cee 46-0 49-4 63-9 Py drogen rece easel: 7) 6-1 5:7 4-1 NE} Nise, a ene ee ere re % 7-6 8-2 10-6 sid bo) aN ah Se GORAS pO amar eeeraee 0-4 0-5 0-6 Nitrogen... secchas see ee 0-9 1:0 1-3 Oxycone cere eee. ae 39-0 35-2 19-5 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross 4250 4570 5900 iS; Th: U. per lb:,; gross 7640 8220 10630 BRE MCLTAGIO oti antcoe Shela ahve oes 1-25 1-30 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 7:5 8:6 15-4 Coking properties non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash test 1 MOCRMON WM MINA). ./6: 0 aes cree. Now seam), (NOv 2k ena. man south entry. ANGLO SAIMPIOL ones. es as! as Minos seer ne ae hea eere mote aes @uahity Of COAL sesso. oes os ove: RRub-Ol-the ce Nes iced ate. RAK OMY UM. cecs hiss tee ee ees Duncan McDonald,|Mine authoriprovincial mine ties. spector. : Date ofisampling.: September 9, 1916...|April 1917 DMOTRGU! 22 -2ucl i ente Bid Oo ere EM GRE ee ea eee nearer eae

Coal said to be from Coalbeck Collieries,

Castor. 323 324 325 R D R D R D Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. 15-5 18-8 17-5 5-5 6-4 4-3 5-3 4-4 5-3 37-0 43-8 35-2 43-3 34-4 41-7 42-0 49-8 41-7 51-4 43-7 53-0 1-15 1-20 1-25 No. entry...|No. 4entry...|No. entry. Private indi-|Private indi-| Private individual. vidual. vidual. January 1914..|1914 1914,

Samples apparently from the Colbeck Colliery, now operated by the National Coal Co., Sec. 3, Tp. 38, R. 14.

Lacombe Area.

Alberta Coal Fields.

Description.

Coal said to be from Coalbeck Collieries, Castor.

Frank Mehiltz' mine, Halkirk. Sec. 18, Tp. 39, R. 15

Armour Gray's mine

Gadsby. Sec. 28, Tp. 39, R. 16

GamplowNo cece. ica iaee tari ea nate 326 327 760 958 Moisture condition (see note p. 2) R D R D RAD. 2 RwAD Tay Moss on air-drying:.6 mess ee vera % sales 3-9 8-0 Results obtained by 0+- Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Calc. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— IMOISHUEO® note hace cm ceeins Oe ecu 17-8 17-6 27-9 25-0 25-8 19-3 Ashes scaceaste nies maaele mee aes 6-2 7-6 [5:8 6-4 5-0 5:2 7-0 7-9 8-6 10-6 Volatilematter..c 000+0628% 35-3 42-9 34-8 42-2 26-7 27-8 37-0 26-8 29-1 36-1 Fixed carbon,.acaevcendsn estes 40-7 49-5 42-3 51-4 40-4 42-0 56-0 39-5 43-0 53-3 Ultimate analysis:— BEDOM sen boars s a ocisk Grete Gees % 48-8 50-8 67-6 48-7 53-0 65-6 EDV GTO Gen 7 dirs. Woes steynctite mae ae % 6-2 6:0 4-2 6-0 5:5 4-2 PASS acts nei eee hearers % 5-0 5-2 7-0 7-9 8-6 10-6 Sulphur tk mach ooaeioste caso % Ox% "ORT 30°9 0-4 0-4 0-5 IN GGYOPOW Pak ta tis scie wlan atem ware hes % 1:0 1:0 1-4 0-9 1:0 1:3 Oxyrenss. tera dtenae te ee bie ss 0) 38-3 36-3 18-9 36-1 31-5 17-8 Calorifie value:— Calories per gram, gross 4560 4740 6320 4530 4920 6100 Bena We per 1p; ,/ StOSsertaneaa: 8200 8540 11370 8150 8860 10970 Fuel ratio co Atenas sgnseenccapetensins 1-15 1-20 1-50 1-50 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 7-9 8-5 15-9 8-1 9-6 15-7 Coking properties: .scissceen vase caecns s non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash test 1 1 Location in Mine... 64 jen eco nae No. 6 entry |No. 7 entry )Main entry ]No. 1 seam, 200 ft. in No. 1 entry. CETL OR RATING E c.f o in ica'tate Scie Hecke aa SRI a av CRS TRTS vem ehh titemuate RTI RO ete vice tere atere Mine. CMTE NT OE COM Se wali vce mance re aad ea aoe Ee ate te oan be Ragen Normal output mune, EP AICOMAD Mike aah td alsa. ofatsie aisles What rens Private indivi-|Private indivi-|F. Aspinall, provin-|Duncan McDonald, dual. dual. cial inspector of| provincial mine in- : mines. spector. Datecof sampling? occ cocee reeves January 1914 /1914 May 3, 1016. 0c. .ss Feb. 15, 1917.

OMATER He hang Taeolirati ons canete as

Samples apparently from the Colbeck Colliery, now operated by the National Coal Co., Sec. 3, Tp. 38, R. 14.

ee rer

' a a.

Alberta C

Oal Fields.

Camrose-Battle River Area.

Colfax Coal Mining Company

J. B. Turney's mine,

Description. Bish or Le Gear mine, Hastings Coulee. es th Sec. 36, Tp. 40, R. 16. IS RHIDIOOINGM EE Tyst rrericlit ack aae arcs ars oe ation einem iets ee 758 744 Moisture condition (see note, p. 2) 0.0.eee eee R AD D R AD D OSS ON ATE TEIN Oey EE sala esas arise Rane seisbiSe ele oi sici lesesieianeee % 3-1 5-1 Ver EOD TAIBOC Divas ecu nbatstsccn eat ac. han TE See ales Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— INEOISUURORY tracer iss iai. merle' e tee Manatees. Cette ene. % 25-4 23-0 25:3 21:3 EXEL CE ORC EL SOS SRS BASE Ae Cee, ane % 5-8 6-0 7-8 5-1 5-4 6-9 Molatilemattens 4.58 49 ch ae areas eae 27-8 28-7 87-8 28-1 29-6 37-6 Rrxedrennbon: 2h ntrih acest eeube meee heed % 41-0 42-3 54-9 41-5 43-7 55-5 Ultimate analysis:— COPECO. a aeobs Oo CSS RB OED LOE Se Seer ae oer % 50-4 52-0 67-5 51-3 54-1 68-7 LUNGO LET (na Seb oe Aa ts Ronin SEE ET—DS MEE AE Coe e % 6-0 5-9 4-3 6-4 6-1 4-8 INS Nexo 6 OBO ab UAC ECO TE OR OTA ORCC Oe % 5:8 6-0 7:8 5-1 5-4 6-9 (oll Fa Arch Joe See darts opm aOR ACO Ren ae eee Bee % 0-4 0-4 0-6 0-4 0-4 0-5 ND ENOROMM. Sires ranma ssa oaae yates Memes Ae % 1-1 1-1 1-4 1-1 1-2 1-5 Ory Gon tanta tie ole ako sieve cect cae wae % 36-3 34-6 18-4 35-7 32-8 17-6 Calorifie value:— Maloriosper ETAM STOSSSo5..0.8. edo action wat 4720 4870 6330 4830 5090 6460 [Boel newUn per Mere Tossa aa. c Se eetN alghee Gaisesce 8500 8770 11390 8690 9160 11630 [DUG ICES), arp phahsse Sie SOEs Cee Teoh cect Serene 1-45 1-50 Warhon-hin cropenWTatlo.-saeeas - .autsqthiaes ceeeeon eck s 8-4 8-9 15-8 8-0 8-8 14-4 OHM KODOL GIES 5.5 onic, <hch0 eves 0:6 0) 4/aie is vialey apse, o:ssaca, os anerevene' sts non-coking non-coking EMOTE ata DOLASHIGESU:. oils da'e,sicaccieveceonun cee ne omen ae 1 2 IL GYSENS LS NSR TERT Oy Oar ee ene ere ote een AY EN DIO?S) Nol aNtarne MEROAO Cee ncReea eae Main entry. Kind of bample MTR 6 cs Yo OU oetiaeruyn damit ous en ess Un pm Rose nahi ose bie Mine. pat VIOMCO AI ora takers doc.-01v Bose lian Op ee aine Swiss eG aicee= Impurities left out of sample,|/Bands and parting left out of which was 'a little better! sample, which was a little then normal output. better than normal output. BEER MEL YY Ema ye einer aie ate iecto ga sche i istsiato wietuiw tadsuts is sie eee ¢ F. Aspinall, provincial mine inspector. MEAL OE MMEANIN LEE Ae is sc lye s oie Nia ese'e bare eieSivugse view 9 May 5, 1916. ELS Was ela tek clnisis sais caisltic ele Sesicwiiieidie wvelelelee vee

/ e A re he i Be ALBERTA COAL FIELDS. mS Tofield Area. SE Tofield Coal Co., Ltd., Tofield, Sec. 26, Tp. 50, R. 19. Samples Now se ne sus criccis clei oaelslaie alas 180 181 182 Moisture condition (see note p. 2) R AD D R AD D R AD D Loss on air-drying..2 6..000% Fol Bi b . mane. pepe! noe POG 11-2 Results obtained by. .o cc.0iccee ae Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— MOIS EKG Yasin craving aot ietese ators Q%\ 28-2 18-9. 2 s.. ES TS! Ses Se orcas 26-3 - 17-0 BASH oe eicnometsrchsccaty ec iattonstels tran atd 5-1 5-6 6-6 6:5 6-9 7:8 5-0 5-6 6-8 Volatile matters, <2. ondan ona 31-3 34-3 40-8 34°7 36-7 41-5 30-4 34-2 41-2 Pixed) carbons. lsa.aeianeoaen: 40-4 44:2 52-6 42-3 44:7 50-7 38-3 43-2 52-0 Ultimate analysis:— (OA do): BR eR erIBSRCICOL comming! 58:3 58-4 69-4 55-6 58-8 66-6 49-6 55:9 67-3 (Eby drogensavs acwssstnealeetntch see 6-3 5-8 4-8 5-4 5-1 4-3 6-1 5-4 4-3 PAGE we ioererintovon arsenite une sine sie reer 5-1 5:6 6-6 6:5 6-9 7:8 5-0 5-6 6-8 Sulphur oa sare wacetontatceelevelaxerers 0-5 0-5 0-6 0-5 0-5 0:6 0-5 0:6 0-7 INTEL O GOL aye selcicster w vrelelelovetel=\=l stern 1-0 1-1 1:3 1-1 1:1 1-3 1-0 1-1 1-4 Oxgreny tee ce hia obs ee eis convene 33-8 28-6 17-3 30-9 27-6 19-4 37-8 31-4 19-5 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gToss 4970 5440 6480 5120 5410 6130 4770 5370 6470 BeTH Ue perio: toss.cs cm acess: 8950 9800 11660 9220 9740 11040 8580 9660 11640 RST a tlOnens yeseiara coins ante in areas 1:30 1-20 1-25 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio pao hoadeet 8-5 10-1 14-5 10-2 11-5 15-5 8-2 10-3 15-8 Coking properties iii ade lve'ceeis weet non-coking non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash test 05- 1 MHOCATIOM AN ININEG Le aevlo ance suse Daneel SAME ME PMO es oe linen rre terse eiiaz es Kind tof samplercat sie save encmareoes (Mine soi i yeh Asa stare fiesetnt Mine smecenader cadet Suter be. Qualityioncos re ctor t encemeeae ene Full height of seam !Full height of seam Top 4 ft. of seam. PPA OMM Stee vss pk ee elec viele hcl Siatele'e le J. G. S. Hudson, Mines Branch. Date orsampling sn aveacienti aca vere August 7, 1912. PROMMATKS) edhe s orieanioace salem tas

ALBERTA COAL FIELDS. Tofield Area.

aa Tofield Coal Co., Ltd., Tofield. The Dobell Coal Co. Description. Ltd., Tofield. Sec. 26, Tp. 50, R. 19. S.W. 4 Sec. 35,

Tp. 50, R. 19.

BRSAINMONNG S.)care eens sm aasyss:s 183 184 232 185 Moisture condition (see note p. 2). Rr AD D ReaD: —D R D i AEs Gy Loss on air-drying 4++ 7 Wako Tae ew tananae CRG Sane Pian Meta ik amraleae 7:6

Results obtained by Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Calc. Cale. Anal. Cale.

Proximate analysis:—

Moisture... s,s csje em sears Al a7 eS STG fl aia PL cAO Osi eacsrate 25-0 ie 22-2 15-8

UNSTO e re ei Rat aaa tee eiste ates 6-3 7-2 8-7 10-8 11-9 13-7 8-5 11-8 6-2 6:7 7-9

Volatile matter 28-2 32-4 38-9 30-0 33-2 38-0 29-8 39-7 29-9 32-4 38-5

Bixed carbons. 35 - oasis ves 38-1 43-6 52-4 38-1 42-2 48-3 36-7 49-0 41-7 45-1 53-6 Ultimate analysis:— ;

(GESd Noyes, uae deameree rs 48-5 55-6 66-8 47-9 52-9 60-7 50-4 67-2 52-3 56-6 67-2

18 Fst Peeve) Ro ano apedopeus 360 % 6-2 5:5 4:3 5-5 4:9 4:0 6-6 5-1 Sve esse Ad

INSEE cir cients cisiarate wiecoae AL ney ears, 3 07f 10-8 11:9 13-7 sols) ail 6-2 6% 79

Sioa cancer cose shears O-4 O04 0-5 0-6 0-6 0-7 0-3 0-4 0-4 0-5 0-6

INatrogen fpcingiesiaietr ys sera 1-0 1-1--1-3 0: 9m VEO) 1-1 0-9 1-2 1s Ou

OLE TAS settee eevee oe 37-6 30:2 18-4 34-3 28-7 19-8 33-3 14-8 34-4 29-8 18-9 Calorific value:—

Calories per gram, gross 4520 5180 6230 4540 5020 5750 4440 5920 4860 5260 6240

B. Th. U. per lb., gross 8140 9330 11210 8170 9030 10350 7990 10660 8740 9460 11230 rel Tato ne. hllcas esialed os cmeales 1-35 1-25 1-25 1-40 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 7-8 10-1 15-4 8-7 10-8 15-1 7:6 13-2 9-2 10-7 16-2 Coking properties non-coking non-coking non-coking non-coking

Hoffmann potash test

Lea PGON teh Oso gu ee Se aa peo Pee Ga PORNO Senos Se nretr Sc ciemn Ramen (oenCraeictie pay Sao Water well. Tere SAI PIO dace sarees Gs lesias=)| MELO on. pibtal ve: ecoieinrs IMnG i, .feieaie cocina she tons. Quality of coallenwad: o.oss esos Lower 4 ft. of seam.|Slack, exposed to at-| 5-mosphere for two years. Be. , TUDES NI ioe, FORO Cee Ce CCE SOO ara J. G. S. Hudson, |J.G. S. Hudson Provincial G. S. Hudson. Mines Branch. inspector. Date of sampling August 7, 1912 August 7, 1912 January 1913 |August 7, 1912. Lab. sample

June 12, 1913. SE ae aa sar ta age oe Pet Lene c 5 else (esis eicre ess fevavelcjstcin,clsi'ote,eieraybiecwieccifie oinrsiei@seine elaine @ ee

Alberta Coal Fields.

Edmonton-Clover Bar Area.

The Bush Mine Coal The Great West Co., Beverly. Humberstone Coal Coal Co., Ltd., Description. River lot 42, 'o., Beverly. Edmonton. Secs. 6 and 7, Sec. 7, Tp. 53, R. 23.|Mine at Clover Bar. Tp: 53, R. 23. Sees. 5-8, Tpwoo; Wi. 20 ATO DIONING srnincte ei ctus suas 680 681 470 Moisture condition (see note ; DL) cae hho ereatce ete tres READ" Le IG oe BY Rie Ds) a) Loss on air-drying 7-2 5-8 2-7 Results obtained by Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Calc. Anal. Calc Proximate analysis:— MOOIBEERG . Goi osc cers Ql 23-2 17-2 23-6 18-9 25-4 23-3 NC Oe Ae: a sea ba Hon Gee ceo 8-8 9-3 11-5 by ea ky fd Volatile matter 26-5 28-6 34-5 25-1 26-6 32-8 27-1 27-9 36-3 Fixed carbon 44-6 48-0 58-0 42-5 45-2 55-7 41-8 42-9 56-0 Ultimate analysis:— arbolis site s.afasc ace: 52-5 56-6 68-4 49-9 53-0 65-3 51-9 53-4 69-6 Hydrogen'... 6 ieee nee 59 5-5 4:3 5-9 5-6 4-3 6-2 6-1 455 1G) Os See or com caine Gi ee, Grae 10 8-8 9-3 11:5 Bet Dt rel. INELOCORS.. tes - dare sete 7/7 ee co) Ge CC) Ge Ec OF E-0) 1-3 Dc Uo 3 1 he nt day ORV SOR yc oer visa ns 34-5 30-3 18-0 34-0 30-7 17-1 34-8 33-2 16-3 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross..} 4840 5210 6300 4600 4880 6020 4740 4880 6360 B. Th. U. per lb., gross.-} 8710 9380 11330 8270 8780 10830 8540 8780 11450 Mel Palos cone va eceaciae ce 1:70 1-70 1-55 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 8-9 10-3 15-8 8-4 9-4 15-1 8-4 8-8 15-4 Coking properties non-coking non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash test 1 1

The Clover Bar Coal Co., Ltd., Clover Bar. Sec. 18, Tp..53, R. 23.

Roads

Cale. Anal. Cale.

49-9 55-2 67-0 6-0 5-4 4-2 7:3 B10 10-7 0:3 0-4 0-5 He) silo alee!

Location in mine Kind of sample 0.. 0.6...

Quality ofcoal'.i occas. chi.

Date of sampling

Remareas ese ce me Avauscen ese!

S. A. Jones, provincial mine inspector

. December 3, 1915...

Main entry, No. 2

North west entry... IMINO Mae itane bees 1 foot of bone coal and clay at top of seam not included. E. D. Black, provincial mine inspector

. November 26, 1914.

No. 1 seam, No. 3, north entry. Mine.

S. A. Jones.

December 1, 1915.

Alberta Coal Fields.

Edmonton-Clover Bar Area.

Description.

Bamiple Ne. deka kee es Moisture condition (see note p. 2

Loss on air-drying % Results obtained by Proximate analysis:— Moisture. 6 Yo LENA Ee RR % Volatile matter % Hixed carbon 2 % Ultimate analysis:— CATON hehe eos ieee % Pisdfoeet 25. acten a % BASINS Mate thair? raid ore evatt es % Sulphar sfc. ee dorne % INIEFOPOEN. 5. ee eit % ORV COM. ceicjciosis ya ciaigaiare %

Calorifice value:— Calories per gram, gross..

B. Th. U. per lb., gross... LS fe EN OE Als ya rear DA ere Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Coking properties Hoffmann potash test

Strathcona Coal Co., Strathcona. River lot No. 9, Edmonton Settle-

Parkdale Coal Co., edmonton. River lot No. 22, Edmonton Settle-

The McPeak Coal Co., City Mine,

edmonton. River lot 26, Edmonton Settlement.

Location in mine Woand: of sample.:...2.. 22... ality: OF COA nec. anymore sine

1G ee Or ee ee

ment. ment. Sec. 10, Tp. 53, R. 24.

M 46 M 42 M 45 678 RAD =D) EAD a) ReaD SED! Igoe WO @ nD) 5-8 4-6 4-9 8-4

Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Calc. Anal Cale. Cale. Anal. Calc. Anal. Cale. 22-9 18-2 22-7 18-9 23-7 19-8 26-2 19-4

8-8 9-3 11-4 8-4 8-8 10-9 6-2 6-5 8-1 8-1 8-9 11-0 31-6 33-6 41-0 29-2 30-6 37-8 32:0 33-7 42-0 24:2 26-4 32-8 36:7 38-9 47-6 39-7 41-7 51-3 38-1 40-0 49-9 41-5 45-3 56-2 48-5 51-5 62-9 50-5 52-9 65-3 50-1 52-7 65-6 48-9 53-3 66-2 6-0 5:7 4-5 6-1 5-9 4:6 6-0 5:8 4:5 5-9 5-5 4-1 8-8 9-3 11-4 8-4 8-8 10-9 6-2 6:5 8-1 8-1 8-9 11-0 0-3 0-3) 0-4 0-3 0-3 0-4 0-3 0-3 0-4 0-3 0-3 0-4 1:0 1-1 1-3 1:0 1-0 1-2 1:0 1-0 1-3 J-07 SUT ties 35-4 32-1 .19-5 33-7 31-1 17-6 36-4 33-7 20-1 35-8 30-9 17-0 4590 4880 5960 4680 4910 6060 4820 5060 6310 4470 4880 6050 8270 8780 10730 8430 8840 10900 8670 9120 11360 8040 87890 10890

8-0 9-0 13-9 8-3 9:0 14-1 8-3 9-1 14-7 8-2 9-7 16-2 non-coking non-coking non-coking non-coking Aiea) ett ciaretgteeer rt Pec on raee reaetay acute, nvaie Hie ckidiamnayensorns in o.osa e aF> Main entry, 75 ft. Commercial—2 tons Mace Op eaey Over 13-inch barl/Over 13-inch barjOver 13-inch bar iT Denia, Mines T. Denis. one? Sis T Denis. esse ees oe/9. A. Jones, provin- Branch. cial mine inspec- July 16, 1908 Malye LOS) cee sae ear |OULY O08. ct. sehen 2s Deriber 3, 1915.

Operated by Edmonton Standard Coal

Co., Ltd., at time of sampling.

Alberta Coal Fields. /

Edmonton-Clover Bar Area.

Description.

Loss on air-drying % Results obtained DYse see eantte Proximate analysis:— IMOISIUTO. cates iawn % SABA rae Mackie RCs oe % Volatile matter % Fixed carbon % Ultimate analysis:— Carbon een o.seieceen ce IE vorogens see % ASAT. tonight wets oR % Sulphur. ¢22-5 ccccae we % INIGTOPON:. g.3-ses.s.0. cere % OXY GOR. Saver en ys. eoress %

Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross...

B. Th. U. per lb., gross..

Fuel ratio

Carbon-Hydrogen ratio

Coking properties

Hoffmann potash test

Location in mine

Kind of sample Quality of coal

Taken by

Date of sampling

Remarks

Twin City Coal Co., Ltd., Edmonton. River lot 17, Tp. 53, R. 24.

Ri AD AD Risk -D ROAD OD RAD acta

aS ees Ort crane 10-6 9-9 Cale. nal: Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Calc. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. 20-8 14-4 23-1 15-4 24-5 15-6 23-8 15-4 24-5 26-5 30-9 6-2 6-9 81 12-2 13-6 16-2 6-0 6-7 7-9 24-1 26-1 30-5 30-3 33-3 39-4 26:8 30:0 35-5 29:2 32-4 38-3 30-6 33-0 38-6 40-4 44-4 52-5 36:5 40-8 48-3 41-0 45-5 53-8 39-5 42-8 50-0 52-3 57-6 68-1 46-1 51-5 61-0 52-1 57-8 68-3 5-0 4:5 3:4 6-1 5-6 4-6 5-7 5-1 4-0 5-9 5-3 4-2 24-5 26-5 30-9 6-2 6-9 8-1 12-2 13-6 16-2 6-0 6-7 7-9 0-2 0-3 0:3 0-3 0-4 O04 0:3 O-4 0-4 0-3 0:3 0-4 0-8 0-8 1-0 1-1 1-2 1-4 1:0. Ie1 1:3 1-0 1-i 1:3 30-0 25-1 14-4 34-0 28-3 17-4 34-7 28-3 17-1 34-7 28-8 17-9 3630 3920 4580 4870 5360 6340 4260 4760 5640 4820 5350 6320 6530 7060 8250 8770 9650 11410 7660 8570 10160 8670 9630 11380 1-25 1:35 1:35 1-40 7-9 9-5 14:8 8-5 10-2 14-8 8-0 10-1 15-4 8-9 11-0 16-2 non-coking non-coking non-coking non-coking

No. 1 north level

Full section of seam.

J. G. S. Hudson, Mines Branch.

July 31, 1912,

Full section of seam.

Main east level. Mine.

Full section of seam.

Alberta Coal Fields.

Edmonton-Clover Bar Area.

Description.

SamiplouNOneeden: chica stored vache Moisture condition (see note p. 2) LOssion @ir-Gryings.c.c cecs aceon % Results obtained by 05- Proximate analysis:—

INVGIsbuEre Neen: Sete e visits s Gultios %

Jas) Mor Sa Oe DRONE OOO AGE doe DEREOS %

Volatile matter sci... tre signals an %

DOM saislefere ens ctviertsic ain ea VO Ultimate analysis:—

Dd SO So ose aeeic DSAR CAO OES AAOREE %

Phy drogentct, cv yarnisah seniors sere %

JNA OF bin Go SOROS ao TROD COR Clee Oe tier %

PUR nin uak roby sievherasieletste octets %

INRtrOwen a. clear tes deities ferkc %

Oey Ger ee asta eeeinicss. -esataten cide % Calorific value:—

Calories per gram, gross

Bo Ths, peril:, grOss cae sk wer. BIOL MALL O MBH er sie fe sas rarest is, ce ceiexsnis ale

Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Coking properties e0.0005 Hoffmann potash test 6 ,2.0000:

Location in mine 05 66evees ee ESI CH OW SAT DIC ceria Bale casa,o.aj;0'8'2, ores Cpalitviohieoa le scc cc tis cnet ese, co ate PRS CHE Viet matt Se ke Wacom one aks

Dat OtOhaasnpling sofa iiseihe v.as'< sptaiare sf

Twin City Coal Co., Ltd., Edmonton, River lot 17, Tp. 53, R. 24.

OUIACRSME PY dorcel kiss:

179 274 352 R AD D R AD D R AD D 10-1 1:8 6-4 Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. 23-5 15-0 18-1 16-6 15-9 10-1 3-8 4-2 4-9 7-3 7-4 8-9 13-5 14-5 16-1 30-0 33-3 39-2 33-3 33-9 40-6 29-8 31-8 35-4 42-7 47-5 55-9 41-3 42-1 50-5 40-8 43-6 48-5 55-0 61-2 71-9 54-1 55-1 66-1 51-3 54-8 61-0 6-3 5-7 4-8 5-9 5.8 4-7 5-4 5-0 4-3 3-8 4-2 4-9 7-3 7-4 8-9 13-5 14-5 16-1 0-3 0-3 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-5 0-3 0-3 0-3 1-0 1-2 1-4 1-1 1-1 ee 33:6 27-4 16-6 31-2 30-2 18.5 ¢ 5140 5710 6720 5090 5180 6210 4740 5060 5630 9250 10290 12100 9160 9320 11180 8530 9120 10140 1-40 1-25 1:35 8-8 10:7 15-1 9-2 9-5 14-0 9-5 1-0 14-1 non-coking non-coking non-coking GE southiomtnyiermumsaes||htech assccettertnsioele sini aie Mines caietiancccc aren. Commercial—20 tons |Commercial—20 tons. Mull sections ol seams asel|(es. sec poe 2ie.s tere sisahs ses ihe ae EEO Mines lees mine inspec- Provincial mine inspec- Wel OM, LOUD once Sree ase August 1913.2... cece August 1913, Lab. sample Sept. 6, 1913 et ile am Mar. 23, Saver anno oe OR cuir Seis Both lab. samples taken from same commercial sample.

ALBERTA COAL FIELDS. Cardiff-Namao Area.

Comfort Coal Co., The Alberta Coal or Banner mine, Description. Namao. Co., Ltd., Cardiff. operated by Blain & Sec. 8, Tp. 55, R. 24. Sec. 23, Tp. 55, R. 25. Gilliland, Cardiff. , Sec. 24, Tp. 55, R. 25. Sample iNOethh wos nenitaad wmerene 360 682 683 Moisture condition (see note p. 2) R AD D R AD D R AD D WiOSS'OM AIT-ATYANE? 6 hace ae se leevee ee 4-6 6:3 5-2 Results obtained by c..f...00c080-: Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale, Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— IMOISUHTE esti ays orse karate onto 25-7 22-1 24-1 19-0 24-0 19-9 BASS Ia' 2. sept selhis hot cine race teense ankentrare 4-8 5-1 6-5 7:7 8-2 10-1 6:5 6-9 8-6 Volatilemabeer a agancc ince 28-4 29-7 38-2 27-1 28-9 35-7 26:8 28-3 35-3 TXeG- Carbon icacavcse te eter Oe AL 43-1 55-3 41-1 43-9 54-2 42-7 44-9 56-1 Ultimate analysis:— CBTDON? coin tecint saree acter tiecte 52-1 54-6 70-2 49-9 53-2 65-7 50-5 53-3 66-5 ITV ATO PON 54 cckjiiom mere enc oe 6-2 6-0 4-5 6-1 5-8 4-5 6-1 5-8 4-5 MASS MR trecticgt ane ee oe ett Coseees ate 4:8 5-1 6-5 7-7 8-2 10-1 6:5 6-9 8-6 Sulphur hice sea ene Fi, 0-8 0:3 0-4 0-2 0-2 0:3 0:3 0-3 0-3 INDGLO RON inte Meu eon nteeranes: CA atsil 1-1 1-4 0-9 1-0 1-2 1-0 1-0 1:3 OXY Pens ai mt otsa econ ote ee 35-5 32-9 17-0 9 35-2 31-6 18-2 35-6 32-7 18-8 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross + 4800 5030 6450 4580 4880 6030 4660 4910 6130 Bebe Uinper lbeperossrmatce ade 8630 9050 11620 8240 8790 10850 8390 8840 11040 uel mation, ecw cance wisi ete eteyeinesirior 1-45 1-50 1-60 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 05- 8-4 9-2 15-7 8-2 9-3 14-7 8-3 9-2 14-9 Coking properties' c..e.kecn es enon non-coking non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash 'test 2..2.0-> 1-2 1 MOCAMONMBMIAINE) rans ues ani Mayenne New idriftig..n.camurunn. No. 1 or top seam, No. 1 or top seam, northmain entry. east section. Kanidliof sanipley Pave. sink-casted ona WERRO er ceauteeee camtiee te eon UMEIne eer aac raion ans Mine. ANSTO NT aTOy C16) UR GREG IER iia ta teenie eect currcieiacta aa hear. cto 0b) Poona obec ocremecomton MAIKO Oy nee Matic waco en lee hee Mr. Heathcote, provin-|S. A. Jones, provincial/S, A. Jones. cial mine inspector. mine inspector. Date of sampling. Wich eins e546 oes eeu March 19140)... d.ke0e December 6, 1915 December 7, 1915. RUGINATIES! Cal coanesvaen atte fee. alee areas ot Operated. by Duthies liso accuseutt pirate enna Operated by Capital Wilcox & Gwilliam at Coal Co., Ltd., at time of sampling. time of sampling.

a a

Alberta Coal Fields.

Cardift-Namao Area.

Cardiff Collieries, Ltd., Cardiff. Sees. 18, 24, 25, Tp. 55, R. 25.

. Anal. Cale.

non-coking

Re ADS bh

Calc. Anal. Cale.

non-coking

Description. SamplesNorieds css Nes 188 189 Moisture condition (see note ISD ee Saveur ete wlbisls oes Re FAD) i. ADF? oD Loss on air-drying 9-6 10-6 Results obtained by Cale. Anal. Cale. Calc. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— MEOIStUTG, foic,.cR iets ces 26-1 18-2 24-8 15-8 BAGO MIE sce Wterars skis syns % 4-8 5-3 6-5 6-3 7-0 8-4 Volatile matter 28-9 31-9 39-0 29-6 33-2 39-4 Hixed Carbones. 2.25. .? 40-2 44-6 54-5 39-3 44-0 52-2 Ultimate analysis:— Carbon. cee nciee ol 50:2) - 66-6 679 50-2 56-2 66-8 Ey progeny.i,..8 cs ccc % 6-1 5-6 4:3 6-0 5:4 4-3 PA Seen cic tos eisne fe 4-8 5-3 6:5 6-3 7:0 8-4 Dulphury canes eke O-2 0-2 0-3 0-2 0-3 0-3 INO gen. ao ceewes wh as % 0-8 0-9 1-1 1:0 1-1 1:3 Oxy PORE scien #0 37-9 32-4 19-9 36-3 30-0 18-9 Calorifie value:— Calories per gram, gross..| 4700 5200 6360 4650 5200 6180 B. Th. U. per lb., gross..| 8460 9360 11440 8370 9360 11130 ueliratio a8 .is ose askictente, 1-40 1-30 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 8-2 10-0 15-8 8-3 10-4 15-4 Coking properties non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash test Location in mine Main southwest en-|Butt of southwest try entry Kind of sample Mines cane chen eae. Mine..

J. G. 8S. Hudson, Mines Branch. August 14, 1912.

Northeast entry

Northwest entry. Mine.

Full height of seam,

Pt ALBERTA COAL FIELDS. Cardiff-Namao Area. '

Cardiff Collieries, Ltd., Cardiff.

Description. Secs. 13, 24, 25, Tp. 55, R. 25.

WaniplouNOrcenos aus caeetiae eigen 192 273 350 Moisture condition (see note p. 2) x AD D R AD D R AD D Loss'on air-drying cece cee es 0-9 ies 0-9 3 14-7 Results obtained by 000 Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Caic. Anal, Cale. Proximate analysis:—

IMoipture sy. aac casas tata 13-6 12-8 20-0 19-3 21-2 7-6

Si, oe ROME OORe ERIE: TEI OCIGD 4 5:8 5-9 6-7 8-0 8-1 10-0 7-6 8-9 9-6

Volatilemmatter!s..of. ae... cen 35-4 35-7 41-0 31-6 31-9 39°5 32-1 37-6 40:7

Mixed Garbons:...2.csen ance ieee 45-2 45-6 62-3 40-4 40-7 50-5 39-1 45-9 49-7 Ultimate analysis:—

BTDON Gc itethicsacoaeo ne Seas 57-7 58-2 66-8 52-1 52-6 65-2 51-5 60-4 65-4 iydroren Fs. sceveeeecsuniscik % 5:6 5-6 4-7 6-4 6:3 5-1 6-1 5-2 4-7 NSD, Guinvee Reatcndut ate sama atne 5:8 5-9 6-7 8-0 8-1 10-0 7-6 8-9 9-6 PMID OUT taaletesc ae cere soe 0-2 0-2 0:3 0-2 0-2 0:3 0-2 0-2 0-2 Nitrogen .acsaxssce ace eoeeaeacte 1-1 1-1 1-2 1-1 1-1 1:4 OXY Zone. Mision Sea oa eer 29-6 29-0 20-3 32-2 31-7 18-0

Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross 5300 5340 6130 4870 4920 6100 4760 5580 6040 B, Th. VU: perlb., grossii chews vote 9540 9620 11030 8770 8850 10970 8570 10050 10870 BieliTAtio n.d hs nis Meee sae eee eee 1-30 1-30 F 1-20 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 10:3 10:5 14-1 8-1 8-4 12-8 8-5 11-6 13-8 Coking properties. 3 coisa iaceeaecan'c non-coking non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash test e000. HF OCA CLOW SIT OB set hae Soe atal a Betavotas ral Pee Ta SSI phe ocaa ws alstas bs nace eS neraietensielo ioe trains fia Gnd of sample ep eens cicisesivcanateiate IMTBO Scan aia es aaentes Commercial—25 tons. ../|Commercial—25 tons. Qualit yiol-Coal te. ese cad new dae eens Exposed to atmosphere] 2.2.eceeeee for 7 months. PRAKOMIOV uae terte sii oacincs cone ae seiale J. G. 8. Hudson, mine inspec-|Provincial mine inspec- Branch. tor. . tor. Date OL samplingsdecsr ese ne enaceeee August 14, 1912 August 1913... .iecunes sa. August 1913. Lab. sample Aug. 29,/Lab. sample March 20, 1913. 1914. PROt ar lca ctverae chests nin gists ace levels UtayTll Cotte EERE aT rlo tec ocs uate tien Both lab. samples taken from same commercial sample.

Alberta Coal Fields.

Peace River Area.

From a 5-ft. seam Description. 5 miles down Peace river from Peace

River Crossing.

Prospect tunnel, South Heart river. Near Peace River Crossing.

Outcrop on bank of Heart river near its junction with the Peace river. Sec. 28, Tp. 83,

R. 21, W. 5 Mer. SSaMple INO wee esitetn ac iewleieds Grate ntecnied 1002 1157 1158 846 Moisture condition (see note p. 2) R D R D R D Ry, D ROSS On! AIT-ATyaNe'. .. se oc ose eee % Results obtained by)... .5.65.6..00008% 'Anal: Cale. Anat Caic Anal Calc. Anal. Cale Proximate analysis:— ; LOTS CUE Oa hor, Grate trel oslo Dteokers 16-0 14-2 7-9 7-6 PAShe ace Aes ates Sa Ne REE Ee 18-6 22-1 13-9 16-2 58-2 63-2 51-9 56-2 Wolatile matter crac. cc cui cence 27-4 - 32-6 28-9 33-7 15-1 16-4 15-3 16:6 Bixed Carbon sth a sfeutaew evs sores 38-0 45-3 43-0 50-1 18-8 20-4° 25-2 27-2 Ultimate analysis:— Cae oiearnenchaniw ans NOON % ey ALOR ONG cisco aires seventeen % (RSE ees PAs Ane ernie eeeB AS % Sulphur aan erties % BNIETOp OMe separ atiu i toroxsiarersl ease % ORV Geri at coeur retolecn nae NG Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross BePThy Us per Ibi} er0ssiss sca sie.cite Bitrelresti Ol eitig Aiticraperacteoneecslasunetoe/aieterss 1-40 1-50 1-25 1-65 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Coking properties. ..ce.eseca rene signee non-coking non-coking non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash VESMonoupabBossopnes PROG AMO TMESINTETG Saree arate olsvads Guinerersrsayaiel hercun oer epevsvevesa.bravo vers Top:coal 7 eeu. : Bottom coal Gn OL SAMA DIO nel cke or terealeis onde dct name helen vxmnare Prospect. j.cnce< + Prospects.cnc. see MIE ONCOL tain WiarActian as osiele's violoe DOCS THO MINCIIGE hie cer seth oe aloitte ce sic.e| bie sla sisi Ba a.o siereioters 3-inch seam of carbonised shale Tits ch VE a a OOD CENOFIAS Scam Cees Private H. McLearn,|/F. H. McLearn at Grande Prai-| Geological Surrie vey. Dateof sampling. 5... 6.05 ojsiere vicious TOU Fie acsoe nsieweers Summer Of 1917.52 |L90 7. 5 o;. sna ceri or 1916. / MOTT RS. . -oncaaale ob ei go SUlo SEC a dental [POROSRO ERG SOnegRbal GB Sa nOnpcoraanned cine nares cameron

Alberta Coal Fields.

Peace River Area.

Errington claim, Hay River. MacConnachie Claim of A. claim, Hay river. Joachim Description. 100-ft. seam. on Smoky river. From 18-{t. seam From Sec. 2, Tp. 53, Sec. 24, Tp. 56, Sec. 24, Tp. 52, Sec. 27, Tp. 52, R. 5, W. 6 Mer. . 9, W.6 Mer. R. 4, W. 6 Mer. R. 4, W. 6 Mer. BeMD OWN Oncor aeisielars W/otelestataralersrelareye are 890 891 892 896 Moisture condition (see note p. 2) R D R D R D R D Eossionsair-drying,. oc.cs..c00s eens % ahaa Results obtained by Anal. Cale Anal. Cale Anal Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— IMOIBUUNE sf aoe ronaica mene Co tl 2-9 1-9 1-3 PASS IN ee eT oie aiahovaloalota ako oe OTS 16-3 16-5 16-6 17-1 13-1 13-4 2-5 2:6 Molatile matter saat ee.0% aeeien 24-0 24:3 23-6 24-3 26-2 26-7 16-9 17-1 axed! Carboni .gscmaeieswsk ea 58-6 59-2 56-9 58-6 58-8 59-9 79-3 80:3 Ultimate analysis:— PION Ne ene os ae wmia soa alk % Wivdrogenina.cSowcssaesavanwene % AL. NBD cigeiatgajasdous ase seks ater % SiON seo Seiereee chic tone eee % BNGELO GON b cise canis /cieeghite cides ee a OXY Poni cicnden acetates % Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross Be Dh Waper lb. veross: wees.acact he uelinabior tyydiann ae tetesh eset 2-45 2-40 2-25 4-70 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Coking properties ifhasieausiacies sarserace small lump of non-coking non-coking non-coking

Hoffmann potash test 0-

dense hard coke.

Location in mines: a sasasenet eaeatons :

Kindof-samplesscciencsaskeuh sine

Qualtty. GheOaVs, cn seasneniss cen ee

Prospect.

J. MacVicar, Geological Survey, Ottawa.

Summer of 1916.

—F

Alberta Coal Fields.

Peace River Area

Description.

BSALIPIO INGO Ban yee tice oe alcinesthis/s Saas Moisture condition (see note p. 2) WHORSIOMYRIT-CTYARG oy hie aj qine series os Q% Results obtained Dy... c06ss0c00e00+.

Proximate analysis:—

BRP MOISE UEC s2 Photo Avo ticisitian ies % PINs re Fla nvainie cfolateveinensiccaie teen % WOLAGHO INALLOM: a0 /at-ve cree aie ; % EN KE (CAL DORN ec5;0,-12/7 ste See's %

Ultimate analysis:— BEDONG oh i paad halt Aetticlets ercieaieceS % LER keys ae Bae R OC BOGEC eM RC % PASI erEe Gs iine Vena aio sancsvestisiein % Stila ree iets ithaca hte ss cae viv oes % INIEROR OM essere slatelste cheisvere srerevens % Oxy Peni moscresasiiseee siete anton: % Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross Bebe per lb STORE eccen.crcic.s ENTE APIO sas fevers tiara sIor heck iviciainie ate ness Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Coking properties sceeeees Hoffmann potash test DEOCATION ARMING -ifaireipticicies calls vp nie TSAR BATA PLO oe pe slvisis vasors e.c,cvie/e sous COUT ICA AG) deat (a a PIPER NCOABEDNY ery RE ace sale eas aie! oielnvsla e,0 e's DBbe OF BRING dere we pecre vate vee a

LOUTH pera ig See eC ee eR eR ee

Abbot claim. Isenberg claim

17-ft. seam. Sec. 15, Tp. 58,

line and Grand Cache lake.

Sec. 4, Tp. 57, R. 7, W. 6 Mer.

R D R D Anal Cale. Anal Cale. 5:3 5-3 3-0 3-0 23-0 23-3 19-5 19-8 70-6 71-4 76-1 77-2 3-05 3-90 forms good coke agglomerates slightly

R. 8, W. 6 Mer.

Moberiy claim

on Sheep creek.

Sec. 4, Tp. 58,

Campbell claim on Sheep creek. Sec. 9. Tp. 58,

R. 9, W. 6 Mer. R. 9, W. 6 Mer. R D R D Anal Cale. Anal. Cale. 1:3 1:3 3-0 3-0 3-1 3-2 17-0 17-2 17-4 17-6 78-7 79-8 78-2 79-2 4-65 4-50 non-coking non-coking

Prospect.

J. MacVicar, Geological Survey.

Summer of 1916.

Alberta Coal Fields.

Peace River Area.

Brown's stripping pit, Ray's mine, Red Willow creek, Red Willow creek, Description. Halcourt. Halcourt. Rio, WeMer. RTL We Mer. DAMDIOUN OF nn ceniee ie tie onieaticee te 874 ; 833 Moisture condition (see note p. 2)... R AD D R AD D Shops'onair-Arying veces cs stinelncwa. % 1-6 ene 1:8 Results obtained: by..c 0erocase0 +5 Caic. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— IMOISUUTS 5. tenesiden eas ceiniraceatents 11-8 10-4 12-3 10-7 MAS Dh ctecanteny aay tae elec materia ses 3-7 3:8 4-2 4:0 4-1 4:5 Volatile matter. oc. ccceuesance: 31-5 32-0 35-7 31-2 31-7 35-6 xed CarbOWnrt <asoekiicsieerse ia? 53:0 53-8 60-1 52:5 53-5 59-9 Ultimate analysis:— ALDOW: ascii spleiasin ees cee 67-0 68-0 75-9 66-7 67:9 76-1 AV GrOREN edo sce ctaeinan ses eee aot 5-6 4-9 5-7 5-6 4-9 PAIS Hit ecteninoisiattrertetmevetetretiere eR 3-7 3°8 4-2 4-0 4-1 4:5 DUIPHUT cows patclechiape meet .aes 0-3 0-3 0-4 0-4 0-4 0:5 INTELO BEN Gio.) Sri ceactasnrarne a eyeetcte: Al bare 1-8 2-0 1-8 1:8 2:0 ORY ceri. cic) eepetaen es eaewrneens 21-6 20-5 12-6 21-4 20-2 12-0 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross 6470 6570 7340 6500 6610 7410 B. Th. Ui. per ib erosssne. 25. - es 11650 11830 13210 11700 11910 13330 Pel TAWO...< sisiiecape ate ce cra-cie ee 1:70 1-70 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 11-8 + 12-2 15-5 11-8 12-2 15-6 Coking properties non-coking non-coking Hoffmann potash test 4 5-4 Location in mine Mondtorsample sion genes mene neccas Oualityiomeoal maciscaacuven aneamemeuin po coal leftout:of Sam-|sariecuicetenaeccohotins EA OMNON sation apse te aiden slemle stare a J, A. Richards, provincial mine inspector. Date OLsamplnrs viviahasietmwe\ der ceoee September 20 to 23, 1916,

Dunlop's mine, Spring creek, Grand

Prairie. Ri, W.oMer, R AD D Caic. Anal. Cale. 17-5 14-6 5:7 5-9 6-9 30-0 31-0 36-3 46-8 48:5 56-8 59-5 61:5 72-1 5:8 5-6 4-7 5-7 5-9 6-9 0-4 0-4 0-4 1-5 1:5 1:8 27-1 25-1 14-1 "5710 5910 6930 10290 10640 12470 1:55 10:3 11-0 15-5 non-coking Entrance to drift. Mine. Bone coal left out of sample

.

Miscellaneous Samples. Alberta Natural Gas.

Sample No. 345.

Natural Gas from the Canadian Western Natural Gas, Light, Heat & Power Co., Calgary.

Analysis: , XV SON rsa Nts ak ai Oy A 06k 0-2% LCC IETIC Se reas! 1, cehetey OSTA, ars. oso, sc 91-6% ENSULOOC Mer. oe ne CA NST RCE Se! Oye tc 8-2% Density:

Calorific Value:—Gross—per cu. ft. of dry gas, at 60° F. and 30 inches of mercury 946 B. Th. U.

There is no evidence that the gas contains appreciable quantities of unsaturated hydrocarbons, and it is therefore a ''dry"' gas. Sample received from above named company on March 9th, 1914. -

Sample No. 815.

Natural Gas.—From the Pelican well, situated on Athabaska river 90 miles below Athabaska Landing.

Analysis: Maria DiOKIe. 2) icseey ot 1:0% ORM CT we ac Bl id EN 6 Nish see 2:9% SPLICE Prue Uacentiy SH ieee ae cer). 83-5% BNRERO ROU 7c ee hc hehe ities ke ts 12-6%

Calorific Value:—Gross—(Calculated from results of analysis) Per cu. ft. dry gas at 60° F. and 30 inches mercury. 850 B. Th. U.

Sample taken by F. H. McLearn of the Geological Survey during July 1916. Sample No. 825,

Natural Gas.—From a spring on Tar Island in Peace river, 25 miles below Peace River Crossing.

Analysis: Sano DIOKIGe: ©. ies ec eee 1:8% SORES VA G°2e et a a 320% RATION Ae pn 4a Pod Falla s owt 77-2% OOM ta hit Mone ha iss Satie os 6 17-38% Density:

Calorific Value: —Gross—(Caleulated from results of analysis) per cu. ft. dry gas at 60° F. and 30 inches mercury. 785 B. Th. U.

Sample taken by Chas. Camsell of the Geological Survey, Sept. 18th, ALBERTA OIL. Sample No. 401. Crude oil from Dingman No. 1 well.

The oil was of a yellow colour, showed fluorescence and was practically free from any sediment. It possessed a strong unpleasant odour.

Specific Gravity: AGG 3 ©. 0-756. Distillation Test:

Distillation carried out in Engler apparatus—intermittent method. First drop distilled at 76° C.

% Colour Temperature. by Specific of volume. gravity. distillate. TBD) het ita woo ctertinrd ania el Pearce rea eae nee Dam AIT Neate le in Henle SO Aie ie 14-4 +702 |Yellow. Ce Re a RRA ng oe ee Ree ee Oe Cr eRe eG 28-3 +729 |Orange. 12S eel Asien ne Airs rat near ter Pea RL ilk. et OOD OM OCI 19-3 +746 3 TOO TOO as: Sis eis are stats pais pao leren sie aie nl atesa reas alah diel 'aue si adwrads oleatar as 11-3 -760 Yellow. BOO 1SG oa aa cia Rta iaa ale trast awinsewieye ee aiagiaiaia civ ais Slee renee Tee ale ae? 7-0 -774 |Pale yellow. TSOP=2O0 ESF crctavokoveieiar dale cahareg Ween ese viele i glaig ate. ae ahaa severe Gina ear share 4-3 DOG P2207 e race cratetaisre seve etaah och PerotareioresSre es vie Ea VeTA sana haves oR Iola e nteverNa ears 3-4 -791 |Almost colourless. ip Ge ey Ni ica SN eR I Ai Ie oe Erigee cy SPAY fede CERES ers 2:8 OBES Siecle aiserecs ele ices ite ws div seietaa eee iee a GIT a ELA Tele eNO Ve 6-6 +874 Dark brown. 1 70°21 ce Sea I Rees RON E rericI ein Ct tod Beene poe OSTEO Ds6 ratsiate seraiees Specific gravity calculated from above test 0-752. Sulphur: 0:10%

Sample received from Calgary Petroleum Products Company, Oct. 30th, 1914.

Sample No. 402. Gasoline from Dingman No. 1 well. The gasoline was of a pale yellow colour, deposited a white sediment on standing, and had a strong, unpleasant odour. Specific Gravity: At 155° C, 0-700.

Distillation Test: Engler apparatus—intermittent method. First drop distilled at 53° C.

Temperature. %by volume Specific gravity.

GBiS (i Fane SEB DOO ORD oO Bose OC OHA OORER Sere Or Aen cin Ua ro me 32-5 670

{his GLUES Sa uenawoen Jen TORS OC TOC ADE SUE et CRE REA CET Ona a SnOCs tL er ces 21-2 690

RS sae Ore eee INST fee eLeTeL tele tete fered ete (ee Bie cvaralastieie a ate sialeta ere MYER eMeLene totals ore wince Siete 15-5 "707

CUPID Sone HOR en oe CHE ROR DO RICOPR OOD a ic.s Sec oA Hetbi Sect Site 11-1 *719 OO Ue Pets rele: cess cterasésate ea nial cta,slave s wislela cisiaciatetel anlapom ste Mtataateecg Se khes vied aiaes 9-8 737

HODES CANE haat SEO ROE OR ADO CICS OO ATE CHiN ie aE aIS Eto Sosa CoCo 3-4 +735

LURE RSC) Ui otaca im cit ohy OSE Ce EE Ise oe pect NENT ned osttn cr CE 1-7

OO sk Oe esos cians veers eisia) nib ors/s1 iG hase\ foe dYolrlcvecanss alors ash atecersiaiond nysteiarale 3 0-7 754

IRN Tara hUikers eC BDA ORD Atide aeMAron GOOD COS OMCC SO RAOACEOBSOn GaOnoOmene. Ghemtec 0-7

RMR URS ee Meh ie reich or VER Rin als feral orsl erates cinteaaie ww a whence ear oNaeTiRa eC 1-8 -80 (approximately). LS EUS OSS Ori BOO a cy ORO ab CORE AOARE aOR ann REY ine caso itt epatn aren Oe Hop

The various fractions were colourless, and the residue a dark brown

liquid.. Specific gravity calculated from above test 0-699. Sulphur: 0-11%

Sample received from Calgary Petroleum Products Company, Oct. 30th, 1914.

Sample No. 530.

Crude oil from a well on Sec. 18, Tp. 49, R. 24, W. of 4 Mer., at a depth of 800 ft. The oil was very dark in colour.

Specific Gravity: At 15-5° C. 0-829.

Distillation Test: Engler apparatus—intermittent method.

First drop distilled at 128° C.

Temperature. % Specific Colour. by volume.| gravity. MOS PU Oe sph 8 arena ae Toray a artes ov cater sets atlevata hcndhassre atelier Pastore 1-0 0-718 |Colourless.

1G Vir ea he AREER OR HAPTDS AOR IOI Sram iaSe a 24-8 : ZOO 2502, 2 eter the oye vascks agelatals aguia lal ese evade a daha ba tarors (om eacresay wa aaacttebags ee 25-4 0-804 Yellow. 7s OSs Aa aan anit MEP E Aa SAO EME BAG SARE ON Antic poetic noe 4 17-8 0-832 |Orange-yellow. RESETUG M5 i is ia sone ce Ge diet fe iareloreste sl ol tN ees ei esa OTE 307.0 alt ean oe Black. : ei ad SO EO aoe RAE? RASS Ee Utica onto meena nres AG rN Ree aoe

The tests show that the oil is a crude petroleum of normal composition,

but give no indication of its original source.

Sample received from Hon. Frank Oliver, Pe 10, 1915.

Sample No. 924.

Crude Oil or Tar from McMurray district.

The oil is almost black, and very viscous at ordinary temperatures.

Filtration and Distillation: continuous method.

Vegetable and earthy matter 13-7% 1 OES red 0 Ges eo oe aaa Rag Rl i igi wea 2 16-5% Up to 170° C. (770 m.m. pressure) 1-3% 170°-250° (420 m.m. pressure) 3°7% Tay CUE Mirae, ene Re Re Meme SA 64-8%

leo oils.

The asphalt is soluble in carbon bisulphide, and flows slowly at ordinary

temperatures.

Sample received from a private individual, January 18, 1917.

Sample No. 1156.

Crude Oil.—Said to be from No. 1 well, Peace River Oil Co., on Peace

river.

N.E. 3 Sec. 24, Tp. 85, R. 21 W. 5 Mer.

The oil is dark coloured and viscous, with an odour resembling that of

kerosene.

Specific Gravity:

At 15-5° C. 0-981

Distillation Tests:

Method ''A''* Method ''B''* Continuous. Intermittent. Temperature. (9) oO by volume. by volume. TES Op LEDC oe Soe Sa aan o DEG OB I Se eRe ryote Re rere nn ee ee 0-1 2-0 Bae OG Oe ccc are snes hdc te As whorobal in Meese ional s See MOOR eRe sinc he bee 1-7 4:8 FeSO ERE 5 oS SIE ten aL ORS ELCLC ce ITICI TEI CROCE ICS eS 3-6 5-3 PARES Oe 8 be tes eS ARCEMIS GOL IETS HOI Ge NG Ge RSE tre a 10-7 56-2 SEIU APIS CS Hi Bs tae gett Goo es Ak CD ERO OD at OO Ie en ae cates 5-2 COR TCL Ue eutnel LORS a ele eee IE Any NCU RCE a Rrske oh sdcierc Sforr ee esta ses alos fe tee 83-9 26-5

The above results, especially those by method "'B," were distinctly affected by " cracking.''* Sample received from private individual, Nov. 8, 1917.

Sample No. 1293. Crude oil from No. 2 well, Peace River Oil Co., at a depth of 980 feet.

Specific Gravity: At 15-5°.C. 0-978.

Distillation Tests:

Method ''A''* Method '"'B''* Method ''C''* Temperature. ¢ % Sp. Gr. % Sp. Gr. % Sp. Gr. by at by at by at ' volume. 15-5° C, volume. 15-36, volume. 15-5° C, NOD OR ee chan Had, aye tis oeveaetacc wines 0-4 Rate 0-9 Nise 1-8 0-75 De es Corte mecatt Aste iaatiare Senate wie 1-5 0-74 1:8 0-75 1-2 0-80 WAL Eat Ve er a a 2-9 0-82 8-6 0:85 5-5 0-84 DEON ot Getter cst aca Secsiate ea euasncnieiov ees 11-7 0-882 52-8 0-869 30-7 0-884 UST) CNTs Same a eee beets Oe ae 84-2 0-996 40-7 1-07 62-5 1-03 CONSE doa a cinema ea 0-7 Crea 4-8 Node 1-7 Specific gravity of crude oil ecalculated from above results bh 0-972 on 0-944 a ae 0-967

The above results, especially those by method ' B,'' were distinctly affected by "' cracking.''*

Sample taken by F. H. McLearn, Geological Survey, Ottawa, October 13, 1917.

See Appendix.

Sample No. 1218.

Crude Petroleum.—From right bank of Peace river, 14 miles below town of Peace River, at a depth of 900 ft.

The oil was black and very viscous, with an odour resembling that of kerosene.

Specific Gravity: At 15-5° C, 0-987.

Distillation Tests: continuous method (in 500 c.c. flask).

Temperature. % by volume. Nature of product. O°=ROOP Sos arias an sige, az phos vain ea eta lots rao a sine Wes rene nies 3°5 Water. LOOPS OS, couse Aotetie eis cancel tae Sse meee oie Ree earn 1502 BOO RA LE a ace ey tah: ian RI coer leiae inie aettentera Secaiiz area ae 10-4 Illuminating oils. DUETS CRA RRR aL ce RRP PRRIER aE Re Mere nis a ok Aion cat Apes Re, A ae : Rone 86-1 Lubricating oils, coke, ete.

A further distillation at temperatures above 300°, to obtain lubricating oils, gave a yield equivalent to 53% of the original weight of crude oil.

General Analysis:

PACA AW OX aoe hs ee aah ee 0:9% Asphalt (insoluble in alcohol andether) 8-4% SUID WC cancers Oe ae & nee t ORR 4-0% Impurities (mineral matter) 1-5%

Sample collected by F. H. Kitto, Natural Resources Intelligence Branch, Department of the Interior, during the summer of 1917.

Sample No. 823.

Crude Petroleum from McArthur well on Peace river, 17 miles below

Peace River Crossing. The oil was dark and viscous, with an odour resembling that of kerosene

.

Solubility: In Benzene—Practically complete. In Gasoline—5% insoluble. In Alcohol—Ether—Considerable insoluble matter.

Specific Gravity:

At 15-5° 0-984 Flash Point: (Closed Test) 59°C Fire Point: 127°C Calorific Value: Gross 9730 calories per gram.

Preliminary Distillation: under reduced pressure.

— % by volume. % by weight. |Specific gravity.

NOM chin Gulleyte mmc Ae nye Berar esis wee on the sicate ae sasieseie were aa otros 73-9 67-7 0-902 INO PRG UD: ons onc aage np eoona noacosooumaumcoemauscnandcaneane Anth 23-0

Joune obo sooosnoCen nebo gNoOo nape oo Insoootod ke 30 ates 9-3

' Fractional Distillation of above Oil Distillate—intermittent method. - First drop at 140°C.

Sp: Gr. 140°-150° Gasoline and kerosene, 2% by volume (1-5% crude oil) 0-642 150°-300° Illuminating Oils, ete., 32-5% by volume (24-0% crude 834 Residue Lubricating Oils, etc., 65-5% by volume (48-4% crude oil)

Sample taken by Chas. Camsell of the Geological Survey, September 18, 1916.

Oil From Northwest Territories.

Sample No. 824.

Crude Petroleum from Pointe aux Esclaves, Great Slave lake. The oil was dark and viscous, with an odour resembling that of kerosene.

Specific Gravity: JMG 8 cepet sa Oy ANN eat eet one aa) oe Sy ot os 0-957

Calorific Value: Gross— 10040 calories per gram. 18070:B. Th. U. per lb.

Sulphur: 1-0%

Preliminary Distillation: under reduced pressure. Oil Distillate (sp. gr. 0-888) 60% by weight and 64-5 by volume of crude oil.

Fractional Distillation of Oil Distillate: intermittent method. First drop at 178°C,

178°-300°C. Illuminating Oils, etc., 283% by volume (14:9% crude oil) sp. gr. 0-835. Residue—Lubricating Oils, etc., 77% by volume (49-6% crude oil).

Sample collected by Chas. Camsell, of the Geological Survey in August

66 et Sample No. 1292. Crude Oil from Windy point, Great Slave lake. Specific Gravity: AA le agen ot PEA etal Ste hele ena 0-949

Distillation Tests:

ees Method ''A''* Method ''B''* Temperature. % by volume. Sp. Gr. % by volume. Sp. Gr. at 15-5° C. at 15-5°C. OF THON OLE, 5, yu nen iat keltoehnwectarsecentetae necator: 0-9 aaa 0-9 EO IN OM we Boetconmanec oun bane smokes obs 0-2 Weck 0-1 DA Uae tad © Same aeRS ARIAL OOO USUI SPOR 0-1 wae 1-1 0-85 ZBDP=3002 Creat erica cuetore ninareneaeise ae nLNS 14-2 0-871 46-9 0-863 Residu®..,. i2,2-samepaan oe ane ace Oe een ae 84-6 0-956 47-2 0-983 MOS if; .5/015 sich avajate's neds Fre oelaele nettles oF siete 0-0 me 3-8 Specific gravity of crude oil calculated from above results Maeneecrmers comets iene cere 0-940 moe 0-921

The above results, especially those by method " B,'' were distinctly

affected by '' cracking.''* Sample taken by A. E. Cameron, Geological Survey, Ottawa, during —

the summer of 1917.

See Appendix.

Appendix.

Distillation Tests of Crude Petroleum and its Products,

Crude Petroleum. Many methods of distillation are in common use, the most important of these being as follows:—

A. The Ubbelohde continuous method. 100 ¢.c. of the oil is distilled at a uniform rate, from a distillation flask of approximately the same dimensions as the standard Engler flask, by the continuous application of heat; the various fractions being collected between specified temperatures.

B. The Engler intermittent method. 100 c.c. of the oil is distilled from a glass distillation flask of specified dimensions (about 150 c.c. capacity). When the thermometer indicates the maximum temperature for the first fraction, the source of heat is removed and the temperature allowed to fall at least 20°C., the flask is then reheated to the maximum of the fraction. This process is repeated until practically no more distillate is obtained. The succeeding fractions are collected in like manner.

C. The Hempel continuous fractionation method. 100 c.c. of the oil is distilled from a flask with a fractionating column attached. The column is filled with beads, preferably aluminium, and the distillation is carried out at a uniform rate by continuous heating.

A crude oil, especially when it contains a notable amount of water, may give so much trouble with bumping and frothing that it is impossible to make a regular test on the original sample. It is then customary to make a preliminary distillation, preferably under reduced pressure at the higher temperatures, and redistil the distillate in the regular way. The results are not strictly comparable with those on original samples.

The following table? illustrates the discrepancies between the results obtained with two of the above methods:—

Table Ti.

Method. A. Continuous. B. Intermittent, eR bees Food sacha s cc Uevsnaethskd ls c8¥ecukccs.. sue. 5-2 9-5%byvolume WOU SO Ore ara, sfatsori eds oo Ob JOBOMOChOS 1700 NGA RCIA S San Cet Aten 32-3 32-7 EURO UNI (Cacacasooqn0 3BEGg Ee ROBES Te ane ae eee eae aT 56-0 52-9

From theoretical reasons it is clear that wide discrepancies must occur between the results of the different methods and the actual composition of the mixture distilled. Method C normally gives the closest results, but is little used and has less claim than the others to be regarded as standard. Method B generally gives closer results than A, especially for the lower fractions, but. is very slow. Method A gives more concordant results between duplicate tests. In some cases neither B nor C can be used on account of the low temperature at which '" cracking" begins. " Cracking" is the name given to the decomposition by heat of hydrocarbon or other compounds into new bodies of lower molecular weight and

'Rittmann & Dean: The Analytical DiStillation of Petroleum, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Bul. 125, p. 8.

lower boiling point. Rittmann & Dean ! found that California, Oklahoma, and Pennsylvania crude petroleums do not begin to crack below 325°C., but some careful tests with samples 1156, 1292 and 1293 (see pages 62, 63, and 66) showed that considerable cracking occurred with these oils below 300°C. In these cases the divergence between the results of the different methods was very considerable. ;

Petroleum Products. The International Petroleum Congress in 1912 officially adopted the Ubbelohde continuous method, but many modifications are in common use. These vary in the rate of heating, position of thermometer bulb, employment of a still head, ete. Thus in Dean's modification 2 the distillation rate is 4-5 c.c. per minute, and the condenser is ice-jacketed. Some results taken from Lomax ° illustrate the variations to be expected in the results on gasoline with the method employed.

TABLE II. Method. 1 2 3

Volatile: below 100°C ed an G reece ois seislowaistosiele se esie 8-5 17-0 21-5% by volume

a 1 7K CESAR ESAT at Sacer ics TOOTS 58-0 64-5 64-0

ue BO Gigs ee oy ch eae oe Nosaia nts aie a eclshadane Lane 88-5 92-0 90-5 Toralidistillabent.4-.8amemctep arc tid bor ieee eee) 98-5 98-5 97-5 ARESTOUG fac aictis Le Ue ep a ih ab ee acco ores ei ener hale seine 1-4 1-2 2-1 Ee ORS ne 49 SOR ER be RARE eR a area DOTS 0-1 0-3 0-4

Method 1: Redwood, continuous. Method 2: Engler, intermittent (slightly modified). Method 3: Lomax, fractionating, continuous.

Most samples of oil, whether crude or refined, examined n the Fuel Testing Laboratories at Ottawa, were distilled in an Engler apparatus, having a metal flask and condenser, either by the continuous or intermittent method as stated.

1 Rittmann & Dean: The Analytical Distillation of Petroleum, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Bul. 125, p. 14. 2 Motor Gasoline, by E. W. Dean, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Tech. Paper 166. 3 Testing and Standardization of Motor Fuels. The Petroleum World, Vol. XIV, No. 206, Nov. 1917.

"CANADA oe DEPARTMENT OF MINES" e can Hon, MARTIN BURRELL, MINISTER; R. G. McConneLL, Deputy MINISTER MINES BRANCH

EUGENE HaANeEL, Pu.D., DrrEcTOR

Analyses of Canadian Fuels

In Five Parts

BRITISH COLUMBIA and YUKON TERRITORY

COMPILED BY Edgar preacield, M. py

J. H. H. Nicolls, M. Se.

'3 LY, 5% a i LEED

Kae

OTTAWA J. pp LABROQUERIE TACHE PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY

1918 y No. 483

Canada Department Of Mines

Hon. MARTIN BuRRELL, MInIsTER; R. G. McConngeLL, Deputy MINISTER

Mines Branch

EUGENE HAANEL, Pu.D., DirECTOR

BULLETIN No. 26.

Analyses of Canadian Fuels

In Five Parts Part V

BRITISH COLUMBIA and YUKON TERRITORY

Compiled by

Edgar Stansfield, M.Sc., and J. H. H. Nicolls, M.Sc.

et 9 3 " .

qi Vaal ot ©! k NS eg 5 CPEs oro} PCS) EOS C-—_ —s DE heyy

So

OTTAWA J. pe LABROQUERIE TACHE PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY

No. 483

Explanatory Notes.

The samples of fuel from British Columbia and the Yukon Territory

collected previous to 1910 were analysed at McGill University by the staff

then engaged in a special 'Investigation of the Coals of Canada''. Early

in 1910, however, this work was transferred to the Division of Fuels and

Fuel Testing, Mines Branch, Department of Mines, Ottawa; and all subsequent samples have been tested there.

The expressions ''anal.'"' and "cale.'"' at the head of any column

indicate whether the figures recorded were obtained directly by analysis, or by calculation. The usual practice was to analyse the fuels after airdrying, although, in some cases, determinations were made on samples either in the condition received, or after being completely dried.

Figures in columns "R"' refer to fuels as received; in columns ''AD" to air-dried fuels; and in columns ''D" to those dried at 105° C.

In making the determinations, the necessary calculations were made to give one more significant figure than is reported. All deduced values were calculated before the rounding-off process took place.

A description of the ''Hoffmann Potash Test"' is given on page 65 of the Summary Report of the Mines Branch for the year 1916.

A "Commercial'' sample of any grade of fuel is one representative of the corresponding product as shipped from any mine.

The "Mine" and 'Prospect'? samples were collected by technical officers of either the Federal or Provincial governments: the former term being applied to those procured from deposits already under development. "Prospect"? samples are apt to be weathered, and may, therefore, only give an indication of the composition of the main body of the deposit.

Contents.

BONAR IAN AML) IRGViee NO) DIES Sanece trees mentees Re Pee Lo lets yeravelore <isigiieesade are cada BRITISH COLUMBIA COAL FIELDS.

Crowsnest Pass Area— Corbin Coal and Coke Co., Litd., No. 4 mine, Corbin Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co., Ltd., Michel Colliery, Michel eaten ee anges es Pacific Railway Natural Resources Department, Hosmer mine, OSINCT A ee OME eater SPN eres atouten bate eld Sele abe

Flathead Area— Peammis-tyy) rons @auldreyicrecks ena cmerae. orn nice caw die dv aeebne slace-ars JEXUER GS SMES HEC CENT ss 5 hic coige Neen Bye ei bad 6 i nee en Co ee Seay dloatie) PUNCer DUGt Soll bs SCAlISmeee rr eos. 4c 5 seem oe Dealu Gels rate LOwhslte see ce eee eens hi goo eta dhin sg alen ashes Tulameen Area— Brospecu jummels at) Grantvevcreek aie ape ceisler ad sin dea alias welecos s Nicola Area— eae ae ee ele ates ots oie es aes Vancouver Area— Seams Onpease side Olenelishibayanat wemierys overs cits.s,0 enue sca ae Nanaimo Area— Western Fuel Co., Ltd., No. 1 mine, Nanaimo 00005 Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Ltd., Ladysmith (Wellington Extension COR De Ge Sc orci ob pete SOO NHS EO LIS OU ee ene Comox Area— : Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Ltd., Cumberland (Comox Colliery) Suquash Area— Pacific Coast Coal Mines, Ltd., Suquash mine, Suquash aia Island nrg Carpe Val Soriewlsior O serentneet cl ea aunr arte eit tare a ccsisithie Piven 2 8 Gusta Seles British Pacific Coal Comislatescrecksrrs ser ete ee. nt eck aa 2 uscd Ree ix iravittes @iselten (Conga acs tabla Given 2104 cl 22610) Bibs CIS, ENC UERCRERE ERE ae a tt ce Skoonum point fo COTO Cutt oral MO Clin EG Be ORO OO er ers

Central Area— Goat creek, Hazelton-Aldermere district. 0.s0cceseces serene Rirepanveneeke, westisldeulakia lakeetet aoc dnes ce cine ices sees seems Peace River Area— Gethings creek (near Hudson' 8 Hope) Stoke cvs ES ea ae ee eter Carbon river ( " atk Sis A mr PROR ete oe a arco eens

Seam (5-ft.) in Peace River canyon, opposite mouth of Johnson creek

Yukon Coal Fields.

White Pass and Yukon Railway Co., Ltd., Tantalus mine, Tantalus

Kluane Mining Division— Mo ISIC ACEO SNOPNCEOCK eae o aircielvelbite en deine oes os cls sae es see sides Meer mrencRiy ESTERASE CEO: nary snip vrteeie vile oecrs eS bo shee eee alee cuir ines Heeortmrrnntpeote Gre ninenCreCkcrn cisy fos oop ees oie cele som eueisie eleera tals

Miscellaneous Samples From British Columbia—

Sawdust briquettes manufactured in Vancouver +++e0ereeee Crude oil—vicinity of Burnaby lake 0. cs eee reerere rec erees

Analyses Of Canadian Fuels. : Part V.

British Columbia Coal Fields.

Crowsnest Pass Area.

Description. Corbin Coal and Coke Co., Ltd., No. 4 Mine, Corbin. MEMDlOUNGE eo Sert. semen cas agir teen 477 478° 479 Moisture condition (see note p. 2) R AD D R AD D R AD D W038 On AiT-Arying 2. cn. eee ee eee 0-4 on sivas 0-5 Hoke 0:3 ve Results obtained by Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. - Anal. Calc. Cale. Anal. Cale Proximate analysis:—

IMIOIBGUNO! cove chit cle toanaiiecln ie 1-0 0-6 Peas 1-0 0-6 se 0-9 0-6 Day

INSRUs So seccaoua ! 13-4 13-5 13-6 12-2 12-2 12-3 15-3 15-3 15-4

Volatile matter.. 23-0 23-1 23-3 23-3 23-4 23-6 24-0 24-0 24-2

Bixed CarbOns.. 64 0c ae cee vies s 0) 62-6 - 62-8. 63-1 63-5 63-8 64-1 59-8 60-1 60-4 Ultimate analysis:—

EDOM oh ee Mos oaiciee eeae eon 75°31) 75-6 75:9 76-1 76-4 76-8 72:6; 72-8 "73-3 pee bea crane is 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-1 4-2 4-2 4-1/ Bcipiae 5 a Nitrogen

Oxe ron eee Hie eS orcas nie ies Calorific value:—

Calories per gram, gross

B. Th. U. per lb., gross Pla tacts Nate Seato Des Aon wings shed ieee HIMCLTALION: ... joicbsian te Nac : 2-70 2-70 2-50 Carbon-Hydrogen r: 17-8 18-0 18-3 18-2 18-4 18-7 17-3 17-4 17-7 Coking properties. ... . ..-|Small lump of poor coke./Small lump of poor coke.|Small lump of poor coke. Hoffmann potash test 10 11-12 12 BOC AtON IN MING ino ceos cere asia traelonles VAslovellnts #5 viene deca. oye TOO loves;.c.< busts sen tes 200 ft. level.

HGNC OBA DIC nh cite phe Meaeiee a sie tices Mine. Quality of coal. , PE ARORUDY Coc ene some le hic ateie a aphiieels ay Fire ranger, Board of Railway Commissioners. Date of sampling ...|January, 1915. RVOTISAE IS a rere Reals ls :s oigee aie iteieiests British Columbia Coal Fields. Crowsnest Pass Area. Description. Corbin Coal and Coke Co., Ltd., No. 4 Mine, Corbin. Fes SREUTS SUOIS (CRS oe ae Sea 480 481 Moisture condition (see note p. 2), R AD D R AD D R D WUOSSION AIT YAN. vise cienvee wee scene % 0-5 rani ieee 0:3 oe woe 0-3 nae Meatlfs'Obtained: DY.).<.s.0500-cele sees Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale Cale Cale. Proximate analysis:—

IEGISTOROE Sse ctis ord at Na oteleeremenc sess 1-0 0-6 wees 0-7 0-4 es 0-8

DA rir et ones ok ats 8-9 8-9 9-0 18-5 18-6 18-6 15-0

Volatile matter. . 24-7 24-8 24-9 22-6 22-7 22-8 26-7

PHKGGLCRE DON arias vette' oxo 65-4 65-7 66-1 58-2 58-3 58-6 57-5 Ultimate analysis:—

arbon 79-0 79-3 79-8 69-6 69-8 70-1 71-4 Hydrogen 4-5 4-4 4-4 4-0 4-0 3-9 4-2 5 ROS eee ee ee ais ae Joep tess aoe Jakes ae Sulphur Nitrogen Oxygen

Calorifie value:—

Calories per gram, gross

B. Th, U, per Ib., gross aS acre Ae art hte mote aan Poe URS ton) ele 8 ie eee eee 2-65 2°55 2-15 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 17-6 18-0 18-2 17-5 17-6 17-8 17-1 17-3 17°5 Coking properties:s eee cee een Fair coke. Small lump of poor coke. Fair coke. Hoffmann potash test 12 12 12 WOvatiOR 18 WHINO si o.c.c 0s eee eee eee BOO Mt Mey elewrcine sna ceiis aces AOD EAC Vl cts sce estes 500 ft. level.

USiiG 0 SYR ORR Sine Mine.

OANTG VROMCORE fea ele cic o's Cine ois!e ele eso oo : ; : WN ; 0 PO en Fire ranger, Board of Railway Commissioners. Date of sampling |January, 1915.

British Columbia Coal Fields. 4 Crowsnest Pass Area. . Corbin Coal & Coke Co., Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co., Ltd., Description. Ltd., — No. 4 Mine, Corbin. Michel Colliery, Michel. BaminlesNonwort stiusaneen sates temeae 483 M31 M231 M2031 Moisture condition (see note p. 2) R AD D R AD D D R D Lose On air-drying 66s. cee ee % 0-4 wane se 1-0 eae ier "aoe sah ie Results obtained by +.5-- Calc. Anal. Cale. Cale. Cale. Anal. Anal. Cale. Anal. Proximate analysis:— x MGintureuidchiscic tas oe haute G%\ 0:8 0:5 sae 1-4 0-4 Pe Abicxt 1-0 ane TNF AOC EM OADOTO TD OORT OOO Orem 13-8 13:8 13-9 12-4 12-5 12+5 6-2 11-8 11-9 Volatile matter 0-.:.+.+.-%| 24:6 24-6 24-8 24-4 24-7 24-8 25-2 21°3 21-5 Fixed Garbon.iacsccincse ss cele s se 60:8 61:1 61:3 61-8 62:4 62-7 68-6 65-9 66-6 Ultimate analysis:— Pr OO) y. Sano cao Me wuee Doda oTOeS 74:0 74:3 74:6 74-4 75-2 75-5 82-4 : ayer Lene sn citrak etucite ens 4:2 4-2 4-1 4-4 4-3 4:3 4-8 Lith Sra eee sa Raat aan ave rai tetas AL Worst eittate sper 12-4 12-5 12-5 6-2 tec a 7 Baila Het b. Sadeaae sate ieee % 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 4 INatPOMEM less ait oAgiaiches ores ale V/A ecee Pens Ae 1-2 1-2 1-2 1:3 avis ong DRG ROR Wiis ewan cael & gieteinss s bunisloe, LA ane rae epee 71 6-3 6-0 4:8 Calorifie value:— . Calories per gram, gross be Shera Os 7270 7340 7370 7950 7430 7510 Set he Uesper lbs 2TOSS aatdas scorns yeas Paes Raine 13080 13210 13270 14310 13380 13520 1.775 IOS) CO ape AO CUME IC Arle Omexe 2-50 2-55 2-70 3-10 a Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 17-7 17-9 18-1 17-0 fee ly) 17-3 agate aes ; Coking properties. +ses-00s Small lump of poor coke. ' Hoffmann potash test 12 Ss AGOCH MOMMA TAINO s/0/115 </es alatereteieioctie oro' 00 ft. level... ec. sh ence No. 3 mine, east level..} No. 3 mine. . RGindot calMplas mas weicintsintvel sient teat INine cost yeimeete waters: Commercial—10 tons ine. ; Quality of coal Be arin. onan Gteoniatincein Woot Lh 100.5 Over 2 inch grizzly hand picking belt. coal picked lump. a M31, : yield 82% Rakent DY wsuuwsitapietie sacle aad-lekacr vate Fire ranger, Board Denis, Mines Branch,| E. Stansfield. ' pole: Commission-| Ottawa. Date of Samplingyn.ccscseeeccec se ose Wanciy, 1901S Soktett es April SO nil G08 ne. siete la eee July 27, 1909. WRESIATES P. cov eter ae wea cman ee

'

British Columbia Coal Fields. Crowsnest Pass Area. Description. Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co., Ltd., Michel Colliery, Michel. AIDC N Om enon os tiaceigcte Sta cuintn. Lk M30 M29 M2029 Moisture condition (see note p.2) R AD D R AD D R D OssrON airedrving: a 560m heenlis de as Fol) ded, wR et 1:9 Aer shes eye noe Results obtained by 0.600s0060.,000., Cale. Cale. Anal Cale. Cale. Anal Cale. Anal. Proximate analysis FOIStINE Mae ehts iste eect ye eee Chee 0-7 Art 3-0 1-2 ae Phy 1-1 pls Dk oc itt SROs ORO IR SAt ta aan aD mma DR a 11-7 11-9 11-9 9-9 10-1 10-2 8-5 8-6 Wolatilo matters. lic cccackfe. cow cue.. 22-2 22-4 22-6 23-4 23-8 24-1 25-5 25-8 EIREGLCARDON oso 30% sn sees Sooke cee 64:3 65-0 65-5 63-7 64-9 65-7 64-9 65-6 Ultimate analysis:— BUDOM Mer Ae Pe isiseect iG cite Me eR ce 75-2 76-0 76-5 73°8 75-2 76-1 HEM CLOC eG tte Ake. cee: 4-6 4-5 4-5 4-7 4-6 4-5 BEE acne, Weer or: See tet leOine 1:9 9-9 10-1 10-2 ati ge SU bunate lucene setts dese coh ok 0-3 0-4 0-4 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-7 INTGLOpenenic, capt eta, wileege et 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-3 1:3 1-3 Se Oxy BEN en eeternd cc Se nce nes 7-0 6-0 5-5 9-7 8-2 7:3 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross eerie tek cs 7280 7370 7420 7270 7410 7490 7580 7660 Bo Ph. -Uper Ib... 2toss s. bs c.f, 13110 13260 13350 13090 13330 13490 13640 13790 EMelratiowmorne cates ek tae et Ete 2-90 2-70 2-55 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 16-4 16-9 17-1 15-6 16:3 16-8 ae Woking Properties! oo wich s h-c. desis coe clon ccs offmiann potish testo. 0) 2.0.0... 0.8, HOcauOn MANNE. 5.85: cad sacaecocci check INOS (Mine enters No. 8 mine, No. 2 dis-|No. 8 mine. trict. ond Otisamplen tess tse ey cc tuht ccm Commercial—10 tons... .|Commercial—10 tons... Mine. OMEMEVTOUCOR eine ett Ssh ic Over 2 inch grizzly 2 inch grizzly hand picking belt. picking belt. picked lump. LBC On ane ee . Denis, Mines Denis. E. Stansfield. Date of sampling April 29, 1908 ApH 28) 1908 0 ae eave July 29, 1909. IRGYEAENE 23, on OB aODk tat Oa mS eRe ea

British Columbia Coal Fields.

Crowsnest Pass Area.

M53 R AD Dd 2-7 os Pe Cale. Cale. Anal. 4-0 1:3 ire 7-2 7:4 7:5 26-9 27-6 28-0 61-9 63-7 64-5 76-7 78:8 79:8 5-4 5-2 5-1 7-2 7-4 7-5 0:5 0:5 0-6 1:3 1-4 1-4 8-9 6-7 5:6 7460 7670 7770 13430 13800 13980_

Description. Canadian Pacific Railway Natural Resources Department. Hosmer Mine, Hosmer.

SamplevNo sen aeorne sees aren M51 M52 NMoauye condition ed note p. 2) R AD D R AD D Loss on air-drying.. 0:8 Bene a 1:5 Aree a3e5 Results obtained by. Cale. Cale. Anal Cale. Cale. Anal. Proximate analysis:—

Moisturesnent soe crcssisor serena: A am lc § 0-9 oe 2-6 1-1 way

Scan oan AAD ES 15-0 15-2 15:3 12-1 12-3 12-4

Volatile matter 21-0 21-1 21-3 24-9 25:3 25-6

Fixed 'carbon o..cncne escent os 62-3 62-8 63-4 60-4 61-3 62-0 Ultimate analysis:— :

Garbon te 2 apace oct secle ae t els 73:2 73:8 74:4 73-9 75:0 75-9

Hydrogen. ¢.. % 4-3 4-2 4-2 4-7 4-6 4:5

ROD acerghten wise 15-0 15-2 15-3 12-1 12:3 12-4

Sulphur. sss .das vst 0-3 0:3 0:3 0-6 0:6 0-6

Nitrogen c.5..0.862 1-0 1-0 1:0 Led 1-1 Gy}

Oxyeennign:. naaecueer neers 6-2 5-5 4-8 7-6 6:4 5-4 Calorific value:—

Calories per gram, gross 6940 7000 7060 7080 7190 7270

Bo Th: VU, per lbs, gr08s 2 coh esis.2 12500 12600 12710 12750 12940 13090 uel rations ee clone yatta we renee 2-95 2-40 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio. 16-9

Coking properties Hoffmann potash test 25+-

No. 6 seam south Commercial—3 tons... .

.|No. 2 seam south .|Commercial—3 tons

Location in mine Kind of sample

No. 8 seam south. Commercial—i tons.

Quality of coal Lumps of slate not passing inch ring removed by hand. "Take® DY .420::tase5ce0 tek E. Stansfield

Date of sampling July 24, 1909.

seen suimsh eee es

British Columbia Coal Fields.

Crowsnest Pass Area.

Description. 2 Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co., Ltd., Coal Creek.

SAPICUN Obs oat cy eat eis ciatalels M27 M2027 M26 M2026

Pepe th yoni suse R AD D R D R AD D R D Loss On air-drying... 0-9 Bae: he Aes 1-1 aes Ape nits Sa Results obtained by Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Proximate analysis:— : x IMOISCUTC: Stoves ais x carats se 2-2 1:3 otis 0-7 anus 1-6 0-5 SAEs 1:3 nee JAC) SRS cre ce eee ae % 8-8 8-9 9-0 13-4 13°5 10-6 10-7 10:8 10-6 10:8 . Volatile matter Jo} 25-8 26-0 26-3 23-4 23-6 23-6 23-9 24-0 24-1 24-4 Fixed carbon 63-2 63-8 64-7 62-5 62-9 64-2 64-9 65-2 64-0 64:8 Ultimate analysis:— AEDODN paticeiexs Wass 77-5 78-2 793 75:9 76-8 77-1 2 18 Aicohey-42) Nee 4:6 4-5 4-4 4-5 4-4 4-4 A iil AS: egal Lice en oem % 8-8 8-9 9-0 tka, Rees 10-6 10-7 10-8 pas iets RSEOUE Sales weratrs Saito % 0-4. 0-5 0-5 0-4 0-4 0-5 0-5 0-5 0:5 0: INMErOgeny i.e. Gees. c250 % 1-1 1-1 1-1 Bae Seats 1-2 1-2 1-2 Sesla Savi AREU SOM PR et oir a bie 7-6 5-8 5-7 7:3 6-4 6-0 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross..| 7510 7580 7680 7350 7400 7370 7460 7490 7440 7540 B. Th. U. per lb., gross...} 138520 13640 13820 13230 13320 13270 13480 138490 13400 13570 MCI EAGIO'. Mere tesa. wcpeices 2-45 2-65 70 2°65

Carbon-Hydrogen ratio. 16-9 17-35, "17-9 16-8 17-3 17-5

Coking properties

Hoffmann potash test

Location in mine... ... 5... Nop 2 maine Shs ose r acces No. 2 mine ENO: Samp ams dace parce No. 5 mine.

Kind of sample |Commercial—10 tons. |Mime Commercial—10 tons |Mine.

Orabt wal Coals, fess seis ons Over 2 inch shaking/From apron of/Over 2 inch shaking|/From apron of screen, and picking] picking table.| screens, and picking| picking table. belt. table.

PRA Dieta See tad wi seisine tial nese T. Denis, Mines Branch.|/E. Stansfield |T. Denis E. Stansfield.

Date of sampling April 257. 1908S. ee sc imsieis July 26, 1909... .|April 25, 1908 July 26, 1909.

U WRIEMITAN Ss re Nel x 2 w sacs hace on"

A

British Columbia Coal Fields.

Flathead Area.

Description.

on Cauldrey Creek

Sample No

Loss on air-drying. .

Results obtained by

Proximate analysis:— Moisture Soohie nipret %

Nitrogen... . Oxygen Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross. Th. U. per lb., gross. . Fuel ratio Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Coking properties Hoffmann potash test

Non-coking

Butt's 31-ft. Seam.

15-ft. Seam under Butt's 31-ft Seam.

Rw sap) Anal. Cale. PAE te 12-0 12:6 24-1 25-3 59-2 62-1 ag

Non-coking

R Anal.

D Cale.

"pea ge

A eglomerates ra

Location in mine

Kind of sample Quality of coal

aA KOM Dyin: ine oar

Date of sampling Remarks

4-ft.bench near surface.

Prospect

Lower grade than average of seam.

4-ft.bench, lower part of seam.

Prospect.s2 6

Higher grade than average of seam.

J. D. Mackenzie, Geological Survey, Ottawa. .|Summer of 1914.

ve

Non-coking

Lower 9-ft. of seam.

Prospect

Townsite.

R D Anal. Cale. 1:6 Poe 20-0 20-4 24-2 24-6 54:2 55-0 eee

Non-coking,

Prospect.

2 ) Bee it British Columbia Coal Fields. Tulameen Area. Description. Prospect tunnels at Granite Creek. BIRO UNO WAS: nese oki s.tne site veo M. EX.1 |M. EX 201) M: EX.2 |M.EX.202|} M.EX.3 M. EX. 203 Moisture condition (see note p. 2).. D D D D D D Woss,0n Mr-drying'. ooo... eee cote es 0 eon ets dees bits Mee eid Resultsiobtained by. oi... 3.0 se 6 + Anal. Anal. Anal Anal Anal. Anal, Proximate analysis:— EOIRUUTON net cehuceiinoae ce tee pies Sata Rents ire nate Airs INS), PCa en ne Seto 12-3 7-9 14-0 10-4 16-0 13-9 Volatile matter.. 33-7 ess 32-4 oe 32-1 Beas, MNXOC CARDO. fe ce 5 sine vce eres 54-0 53-6 51-9 Ultimate analysis: — {al ofoy iV Va sh on ee eRe 71-6 70-1 69-4 Hydrogen 4-8 4-4 4:3 SOUR os .ccsite: Peer 14-0 Mors See Sulphur... 1-9 1-8 Nitrogen. . ores oe xygen Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross ae aa wt U. per lb., gross. . Ss Re a PMOlrabion Aas i.5 2 sate. S 1-60 1-65 1-60 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 14-9 15-9 16-1 Coking properties ae Beats ace ae Hoffmann potash test TROCATION I MING she seca cine eee No. 1 open- No. 2 open- No. 4 opening. ing. ing. sarte.ncs ¢ osa8 50 2.0009 eh IPFOSDECE Seale cm arreeetgers WT OSVCCE an rilia se aleccicn de Prospect QiatyiOf cody .. cach saine see's Washed coal , Washed coal Washed coal from from rom neh EX. 1: M. EX. 2: M. EX. 3: eld 85 %! yield 90 % yield 90 % BR Acer Varncavete cei cie Deine ake tide alta Prof. J. B. ein McGill University. WIRES OF SAMPUNG i... 056-2 ase June, 1908. POGIMNEDKS em iNe iecomiete a fete eisenie

z ae hes se hake A See " j te by : i : a! Rey : ie e 2 A s ran ox ; ; - ey viel 12 ; 'an British Columbia Coal Fields. 3 Nicola Area. Description. — ; Middlesboro Collieries Ltd., Merritt. a Sample INGOs. 6 tetas ce dere vine selec eraee Bit M22* M22SP* M22M M222M Moisture condition (see note p. 2)... R AD D R AD D D ho icy A2OS8 ON AIL-ATYINGs ise oe ove ein dae 0-5 oe rene 0-6 Sora rae Pere ar ee Ss Resultaiobtained DY: venksre secs e celts sicjesieiriehs Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Cale. Anal Anal. Anal. Proximate analysis:— S NEOISEUL Garey ree ole reread rorsaae %) 4-4 3-9 rate 2-9 2-3 ott oan ease : CASH, cs stve tr nees ods Balt at Vi Pein Bese tae 13-9 14-0 14-5 12-5 12-6 12-9 14-1 10-0 ss Volatile matter SGN Sak 37-6 39-1 37-9 38-1 39-0 39-1 39-8 R PAX CATON, fae cca - sch wine asteeny %) 44:3 44-5 46-4 46-7 47-0 48-1 46-8 50-2 4 Ultimate analysis:— ; ATOM es toned2 Peart seks eae ete % 64:3" 64:6 67-2 67-4 67-9 69-4 66-1 70-8 FAV GrOgen 2 vice wie eis ge weiss eo 5:3 5-3 5-0 5-3 5-2 5-1 4-9 5-3 Eb, coe pe aeeOAabAon oO onao Cork 13-9 14-0 14-5 12-5 12-6 12-9 14-1 10-0 Su oS Set ReRConr on aan ane eda Maneoe 0-9 0-9 1-0 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-9 0-9 DIET OMORE 9.0 5 cic. wia esagiicla ass eats wien % 1-2 1:2 1-3 1-9 1-9 2-0 1-4 1-5 CORY SOM Tress ccrrewivares creteiale aval erate erase lake tars 14-4 14-0 11-0 12-2 11-7 9-9 12-6 11-5_ Calorific value:— /Calories per ZTaM, ZYOSS 5-.6ce00: 6200 6240 6490 6570 6610 6760 6510 7010 4 Bi. Pe per'lb.,, gross. 5 Wesson seers 11170 11230 11680 11820 11890 12170 11720 12620 TG neh Oke, Pee AO e Peer HAIN RR AS a5 o.ccicr is B 1-20 1-25 1-20 1-25 Carbon-Ey drogen ratios. ..is clase nies 12-1 12-3 13-4 12-8 13-0 13-6 13-5 13-4 Woking properties: vcs .s0e-oeaeem aca dessaeae ' Hofimannipotash testi... assent beaver 4 MOCHA GION WANES Ie dees eiePtater eeipis atom orate eta eye No. 1 mine, Jewel 2 mine, Rat Hole - ca ' seam. Kind of sample Commercial—10 tons...|Commercial—1 ton Com- z- mercial. G@healityaou COAL ck ster. s-aaparinom stteieantne e970 (0157< Run-of-mine :..- Run-of-mine Mixture Washed + of Nos.| coal pa, ' M22and| from ; ; yield — 87% PBalcon Dac c caltenucriogs pester onto acter cialis T. Denis, Mines Branch Date of sampling April 18, 1908. S MRETHERS pos cham se te tarcatrastestee Liainaxt tenn *Operated by Nicola Valley Coal & Coke Co., Ltd., at time of sampling. t

W,

"a

wt

British Columbia Coal Fields.

Nicola Area.

Description. PSTEID ISHN Oat elero elem ctsiaisincclel 626 Moisture condition (see note ED reas One eae R R D Loss on air-drying AO crt Ui Pose Results obtained by Anal. Anal. Calc. Proximate analysis:— INP OWS G ATO! feet ie in gi % 4:0, 420" Garden INE Si, ae eee es ERIE OE % 4-3. 4:3 4:5 Volatile matter 38-5} 37-7* 39-2* Fixed carbon 58-2 54:0 56-3 Ultimate analysis: — ERS DON: viaick Sonic stance o % rolelioas Byes ancteee % MA ot RR eee sister % Sinha: he ater eee 6% RUIETORERS cos vies ne singe nis % ORV SOMA Se iss at afrisiee %G

Calorifie value:— Calories per gram, gross.. B. Th. U. per lb., gross... BUOMTALIOURotoen ec <)-Ts deseo

"1:75 1-45 1-45

Middlesboro Collieries Ltd., Merritt.

2) es eB) Anal. Anal. Cale. Gg A628 ch 5-8 b-8 eT 34-9t 39-2* 42-0* 53-0 48-7 52-3

"4:50 1:25 1-25

ROS dD Anal. Anal. Cale. 7-5 TB is. 5-7 5-7 6-1 32-9} 36-6* 39-6* 53-9 50-2 54-3

"1:65 1-35 1:35

Rest Red Anal. Anal. Cale. Wes Wa rey 6-8 6-8 7-4 33-7} 37-3* 40-5* 51-6 48-0 52-1

"1:55 1-30 1-30

Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Pia Grr ses Roy Bue ey Oe res ae hy oe ote Sg ae ee Bon 'Coking properties Good coke. Poor coke. Poor coke. Poor coke. Hoffmann potash test 6—7 5—4 5

Location in mine No. 4seam INOn5 SEAT on akjoce No. 3 seam No. 7 seam. Kind of sample Mine.

Quslityot coal. 6.2. vac. ent

TDN ay eh Oh se ae oeeeere tree Fire ranger, Board o Railway Commissioners.

Date of sampling September, 1915. ,

Remarks tse deuce sso seco *Quick coking. {Slow coking.

British Columbia Coal Fields.

A Nicola Area. Vancouver Area. Description. Middlesboro Collieries, Seams on east side of English Bay. , Ltd., Merritt. SamiplovNosm chats aete sie: week Maes 630 361 362 Moisture condition (see note p.2) R R D R AD D R AD Hogs on air-drying 660s os ek acck Cas ae afsiiee 1s 4-6 aes rs 6-8 ee foe Results obtained-by 0..6... Anal. Anal, Cale.-| Cale. Anal. Cale Cale. Anal. Cale. 4 Proximate analysis:— MOistune de in sheet beeen % 3-6 3:6 aad 18-4 14:5 ADS 23-7 18-1 ao) PASS: NRE siden ichioain % 4-2 4-2 4-4 6-6 6-9 8-1 4-1 4-4 5-3 Volatile matter... J%| 34-5¢ 37-6* 39-0* 32°7 34-3 40-1 31-4 33-7 41-2 h Mixed carbons..." es cc kaki aie 57-7 54-6 56-6 42-3 44-3 51-8 40-8 43-8 53°5 Ultimate analysis: Calories per gram, gross ' TAC ne B. Th. U. per lb., gross mee cela ies as area ttre Ske ais Pinel ratio tens 05 256 oyna eee 1:65 1-45 1:45 1-30 1:30 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio Lean ie, eat ase By SWAG Ma tts bone Pos Ne Coking properties 0000000. Good coke. Non-coking. Non-coking. offmann potash test 4..6..se005- Location in mine, PRAIA INO; 4 SOAMeaa ese riee No. 1 (1 foot) seam, near] No. 2 (8 inch) seam, near Kitsilano Beach. Kitsilano Beach. Kind of sample Mine " Quality of coal Pa EEA ICON DY ae ke clases eee ee Fire ranger, Board of/Private individual at Private individual. Railway Commis- Vancouver. sioners. : Date.ol sampling veos.2 02 eeee Lata September, 1915 TOUS hie ett ee ence 1914.

Quick coking. Slow coking.

British Columbia Coal Fields.

Nanaimo Area.

Description. Western Fuel Co., Ltd., No. 1 mine, Nanaimo. RS BaRDa Mes IN Oras ala, cte ie Tanah cle yaptvs orohu bec ekets ever siersioce Glo si M18 M2018 Mi7 Moisture condition (see note p. 2) R AD D R D R AD D MRCRSIOUNAINCOTVANO™. New aalorts le Seedere ini seaniee eke 0:6 mas cae DAES ke 0:5 ioe foe VESTS ODERINOCE DY sisaaaceielsierstarsee eras ae isse oy Cale.. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Calc. Anal 2-2 1-6 eager 1:8 Sheed 2-4 1:9 Bie 10-1 10-1 10:3 10-2 10-4 11-6 11:7 11-9 40-3 40-6 41-2 40-8 41-5 40-5 40-7 41-5 47-4. 47-7 48-5 47-2 48-1 45-5 45-7 46-6 70-4 70-9 721 67-4 67-7 69-0 5-0 4-9 4-8 4-8 4.7 4-6 10-1 10-1 10-3 wes ito 11-6 11-7 11-9 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-9 1-2 1-2 1:3 1:2 1:2 1-2 Ber yee 1-1 1-1 1-2 12-4 12:0 10-7 13:9 18-6; 12-0. 6970 7010 7130 6950 7080 6760 6790 6930 12550 12620 12830 12520 12740 12180 12230 12470 1-20 1:15 1-10 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio. 14-2 14-4 14-9 eb 'siere 14-2 14-3 15-0 Coking properties a FIOM MADR IPOCASH LOSE. cop vincisisevereieids onesie seen BF GOMETOR UN ATIIN Os mses .-8 echt aly. as 2 out e Upper or Douglas seam,| Upper or Doug-|Lower or Newcastle Esplanade shaft. las seam. seam, Esplanade shaft. PESTICIORE A ITEP tons entice Ws ctte Sea tel aie nee e Commercial—10 tons }100 Ibs Commercial—10 tons. RG a LEVON COR sa tacanaae sae oe oF yw vase esate Over 2 inch screen, and] Over 2 inch screen, and picking table. picking table. TESS OS ARS eRe ee O GET eT Ee in OF eae Pe, T. Denis, Mines Branch.|Mine authorities}/T. Denis. NOAPO OLSEN) INE Foye ofe:c eis astro rave esse apenas ajate rahe Aprili4) 190822... sm sae + April, 1909 April 6, 1908.

British Columbia Coal Fields.

Nanaimo Area.

Co., Ltd., at time of sampling.

Description. olliery. sSaimplesNoyy geet ceca sh itiecuese M20 M2020 567 568 Moisture condition (see note p. 2). RK. SAD... D R D R D R D Loss on air-drying eS Na Sagk TD (C eMenrs, OU tg apt, eye ee Results obtained by Cale. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:— : IMoistureeie dene sescveniieieet % Rel ey Ves ces io Be OR ery) iE Steer ns Ashita, 2 % 9-9 10-0 10-1 8-5 8-6 8-4 8-5 11-8 12-0 Volatile matte: 39-5 39-7 40-1 39-9 40-4 40-7 41-2 38-9 39-5 Pixed carbon. sas: os enencan 48-9 49-2 49-8 50-4 51-0 49-6 50-3 47-7 48-5 Ultimate analysis: Carbon Gl Wht. W200. 72-9 74-3 75-3 Sad eee Hydrogen. 4:8 4:8 4-7 ' 5:2 © 6:2 vote Ach. 387 % 9-9 10-0 10-1 pnae Hie 8:4 8-5 xan eS PUI DIT, osx sce aaah ee % 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-5 0:5 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4- INTtMORO IRS! es satis a Bae ee Y 7 EAS Wy IOP earn hep} eRe ie CP ey I) aay, ats MMPOG Gusher tlie uaa tert ate %) 12-0 11-5 10-7 10-5 9-4 Calorific value:— ' Calories per gram, gross 7180 7230 7310 7340 7430 7340 7430 7060 7170 . Th. U. per lb., gross 12930 13020 13160 13210 13370 13210 13380 12700 12910 vel ration wet ceo ayy, cn ne leo aa 1-25 1-25 1-20 1-20 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 14-8 15-0 15-4 14-2 14-6 ee Coking properties Hike vane aoe Good coke. Good coke. Hoffmann potash test Hoeationinmoine;7...24.0Ae cee ese Wellington seam |Wellington seam. . Kind of sarople:-2 eeeeer Commercial—10 tons] 100 Ib. " Mualvty. Of Coals) hess. ee ene Over 14 inch screen,| Ladysmith |Ladysmith and picking tables. lump. nut. ER AKGIUDY Shc stNe tere Scene T. Denis, Mines Mine Mine Mine Branch. authorities. authorities. authorities. 'Date of sampling. 3-".0. wen. dene April 8, 1908 April, 1909 |1015 c20 OTR Se Sass cae MUCTIAR GS TAS ti eo scale, Cotte ce elm Operated by Wellington Colliery

Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir), Ltd., Ladysmith, Wellington Extension

Fair coke.

Ladysmith pea.

Mine' authorities.

Comox Area.

British Columbia Coal Fields.

Description. Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir), Ltd., Cumberland, Comox Colliery. SamplewNOrencsccats Cusg= oc M 21 M 21 SP M 21 M M 221 M 570 sine condition (see note D D D D R D

p. 2). Loss on air-drying % ante ly 20 Pays ie ea Sie while Results obtained by Anal. Anal Anal. Anal. Anal. Cale Proximate analysis:— Moisture % feos h he nec. ue 1-1 sre een iisc ie: seh baiereiee. % 11-9 11-9 12-0 8-9 10-4 10°5 Volatile matter. . 6 31-6 28-0 30-2 30°8 32-2 32-6 Fixed carbon % 56°5 60-1 57-8 60:3 56-3 56-9 Ultimate analysis: Carbon 72-9 74-4 73-4 77-6 75-0 75:8 Hydrogen... 4-4 4-5 4-4 4-6 4-9 4-8 HC) eer 11:9 11-9 12-0 8-9 10-4 10:5 Sulphur... 0905 02% ee 1-0 0-9 0-9 0-8 1:3 1-3 PNICEOROR 055 cis eno sien 1-0 1:0 1-0 1-1 0-9 0-9 Oxyponventes, aacisacee % 8-8 7:3 8:3 7:0 7:5 6-7 Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross. 7150 7210 7230 7550 7340 7420 B. Th. U. per lb., gross.. 12870 12980 13010 13590 13210 13360 WOU LALO; Yani ses eerie 1-80 2-15 1-90 1-95 1-75 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 16°5 16-5 16-7 16-9 15-3 15-7 Coking properties Bre akts Ea eas Fair coke. Hoffmann potash test Location in mine No. 4 mine, lower] No. 7 mine, lower seam. seam. Kind of sample Commercial—5 |Commercial—5 |Commercial. tons. tons. unity_ot coal 34.05.08 Over 3-inch screen,|Over 3 to 1 of lump. and picking belt.| bar screen, and| 21 and M 21 from M 21 picking belt. SP. a yield 88 10 2D SS oe a ieee ee eo T. Denis, Mines|/T. Denis eee eer e ees Mine authorities Branch. Date of sampling April 11, 1908 April 13, 1908 ) Ars VAR ia te le ae 1915. ENOMIATKGE Gracies cs sis os 6 e's Operated by Wellington Colliery Co., Ltd., at time of sampling.

British Columbia Coal Fields.

Comox Area. Suquash Area. aes ete el ee ee ES ue ee Description. Canadian Collieries ( Dunsmuir)|Pacific Coast Coal Mines, Ltd., Ltd., Cumberland, Suquash Mine, Suquash. Comox Colliery. Mam plo No sw wes: hoe hoe ate ee ey 571 : 572 M. EX. 34 M. EX. 234 Moisture condition (see note D2) sees eee R D R D D Dy s Oss Onalr dry ite es tien Rotten eu iinl OA eee noe re ee, ae a Restlisiobtamed ibys). ie eee nee mate Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale, Anal Anal Proximate analysis:— OIBLUT ONS. hen Naat yh te % 1-1 oe 1-1 See hte owas BO ssc crate el) 11-9 11-4 15-1 15-3 23-0 15-1 Voletilematterss. cicsn hen maae me 29-6 29-9 28-6 28-9 34-3 36°7 Fixed carbon 58-1 58-7 55-2 55-8 42-7 48-2 Ultimate analysis:— BUDOM oneal whe les aes Hydrogen neds sey aa Bi sey cecics ele Eee: ee Boe ihe pe Sulphuri. tsk cs 0-5 0°5 0-7 0-7 1-0 0-9 Nitrogen: Aer wand te wae ABE RAS, RV ROM easier ce ce Calorifie value:— Calories per gram, gross 7200 7280 7030 7100 6170 6420 B. Th. U. per lb., BLOBS), Jin, Sete ene os 12960 13110 12650 12780 11100 11560 Bueliration eee seers cha ities ts a Sit 1-95 1-95 1-25 1-30 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio seat ety eee adh fue Tes Fair coke. Fair coke. Tsotationvin Mine: i:,.2..,:2s ee eee PMMA eee Sars ie an nies east ages. ts bebe, aa eee oe Commercial— 10 tons. Oualityiol coals 1.2%. eM en e Comox nut Comox péane milan coo tee Washed coal ' from M. EX, 34: yield 81% Taken by vic. sie. Mine authorities| Mine authorities Date of sampling. . 1915 1915 October, 1909. orn anies hc ccsith ast tech, kta

British Columbia Coal Fields. Graham Island Area. Description. Camp Wilson, Tp. 9. sample Now soe. comes - 174 309 310 311 313 Moisture condition (see note

ro dhe 50 Oe Re R D R D R D R D R D Loss on air-drying ALS Sakae ee: Uta re Site Rout soe Poe eae erie Results obtained by Anal. Cale Anal. Cale. Anal. Cale. Anal. Calc. Anal. Cale. Proximate analysis:—

MOISbUIOS i. ost oss stepeee 6 2-0 ce 1:8 eat 2-2 eas 1-6 Be 2-3 caey

PSH AM EI Ae wins Stwcuvalereree + 14-0 14:3 16-6 16-9 29:4 30-1 36-7 37°3 17:5 17-9

Volatile matter 35-7 36-4 35-2 35-8 30-1 30-7 29-9 30-4 6-1 6-3

Fixed carbon. . 48-3 49-3 46-4 47-3 38-3 39-2 31-8 32°3 74-1 75:8 Ultimate analysis: —

ANDONL Ses fee ayers os 69-1 70:6

Hiydrgees seme tie cae pve: 5:0 4-8

SAAD oie BUOR Tae 14-0 14:3

Soinhar Pat Medi ene % 0-8 0-8

INIENOGIOR ic c.cag oe foes Col FP By

Oxyiren teas ccs ialeeaiere %

Calorifie value:—

Calories per gram, gross.

B. Th. U. per Ib., gross.. , i noe ne oats an ees Se for as WGN RA GIO: iiss dare recta tehaes 1-35 1-30 1-25 1:05 12-1 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 14-0 14-7 AES Nate Bec! Wnt eed eee neve Pee Coking properties Firm, coherent|/Barely agglo-|Barely agglo-|Barely agglo-| Non-coking.

coke. merates. merates. merates, Hoffmann potash test Location in mine Doris bent nrcraents Upper bench, {Lower bench, |Upper bench, |Wilson seam. k No. 1 opening.| No.1 opening.| No. 1 ore Kind of sample Prospects sis Prospect. Prospect.: |Prospect |Prospect. Opolitvsolrcoalece: a4 vaatodlie weet etc trl eens ences aida at ene sd] sas de oder mmae Averageofseam. RECS SD N/a a Ae ne C. H. Clapp,|J. D. Mackenzie,|J.D.Mackenzie.|J. D. Mackenzie.|J. D. Mackenzie. Geological Geological Survey, Survey. Ottawa. Date of sampling 1912 1913 1913 1913 1913 Rremarksay iescn xo5 sane iiaa.ss

British Columbia Coal Fields.

Graham Island Area.

British Pacific Coal Co., Slate Creek.

Description. Sample Nomocrtscdior see tas 172 Moisture condition (see note Perotti ete ieee Santee xe R D Loss on air-drying CA Een ae Results obtained by Anal. Cale Proximate analysis:— MOisturesnecieckisectea=" Toi BS Be Ronen Shei oo comoe 24-2 25-6 Volatile matter G 5-3 5-6 Fixed carbon 65-2 68-8 Ultimate analysis:— RATDOR 6 0c ca 2s ee 65-0 68-7 iy drogen ies. cons: % 21 1-6 Cie ie ht nce eB riatic 6 24-2 25-6 PRUDUT 5 cc stars cc cton'ele ¢ 0-2 0-2 INUETORON. suas suka Vile ce ae CORY On icpisliraG lod nurs %

Calorific value:— Calories per gram, gross.

B: Th.' U: per-Ib.,.gross..| - avis Mualeratworars cetaceans cies os 12-0 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio 31-7 44-3 Coking properties Non-coking. Hoffmann potash test

Location in mine TB se8M 2 as fe 5 ac Kind of sample Mangos. oo weeds Quality of coal Average of seam EDAOmDY hace caaeoaementes C. H. Clapp, - Geological Survey. Date of sampling 1912

Remarks

D Cale.

eS

bo:

Coonw

Wore Oorow

to

S OArS Can:

ee ae 31:0 43-2 Non-coking.

Average of seam C. H. Clapp

R D Anal. Cale 2°3 eae 90-8 93-0 nee 4 pee Pe Non-coking. Dump Mine, 220. sateog

Picked sample.

King's Creek, Cowgitz. R D Anal. Cale.

bm.

Anal 75:3

Sor: ore

eg gt Non-coking.

J. D. Mackenzie,|J. D. Mackenzie

Geological Survey.

Skoonum Point.

a aI

ao ars — WOOKHRAD BOS rPWWrROoOW OOrO y a pa - : Soorady Op: Q: rs) CHWWAWR ORG: a:

wo wr

Agglomerates slightly.

Prospect.

C. H. Clapp.

British Columbia Coal Fields.

"i

/ Central Area. Peace River Area. es 5-ft. seam in Description. Ps em) eee Coe ne River . 'irepan Creek things arbon River,|Canyon, oppo- Sret Cie rerae ses sy west side Creek, near Hudson's site the z Takla Lake. |near Hudson's Hope. mouth of : Hope. Johnson Creek. SamplesNOni cies ss 676 675 651 1212 1213 1265 Moisture condition (see MOLO Deo) dic ecient R D R D R D R D R D R D

Loss on air-drying SNe ce a Ft Por ees eave Re ees Satine

Results obtained by ! Anal. Calc. Anal. Calc. Anal. Cale. Anal. Calc. Anal. Calc. Anal. Calc.

Proximate analysis:—

Moisture % 1B tse Vy meee Soi ae UeGi aids fbi ek 0°93 ve % 7-9 8-0 16-0 16-5 10-3 11-3 2-9 3:0 ppik pei 3:3 3-3 % 31-0 31-4 4:9 5:0 36:7 40-2 25:1 25-5 20:5 20-8 18-5 18-6 59-8 60-6 76:4 78-5 44-3 48-5 70:4 71-5 75-9 77-1 77-3 781 Carbonate % Hydrogen % SAME sates ate % Sieg Fee Sulpburwgdccee... % 2-0 2-2 INitrogens 0+- % tren tees Oxvecnt meena sk Y Calorific value:— Calories per gram, EOS eee Aa ee BS Eh, Ws, per Ib:

IBEOSSNnetresece: sch Wen cas A sete Aa ie See oes War aaa Sas Gans BUelratiOn ccna con 1-90 15-60 1-20 2-80 3-70 4-20 Carbon-Hydrogen ratio.| atin week eae th + oe Yes eee Coking properties Fair coke. Non-coking, Non-coking. Fair coke. |Barely agglo-|Agglomerates

merates. slightly.

Hoffmann potash test... 2-3

Location in mine

Kind of sample ,..|Prospect + Prospect Prospect Prospect Prospect Prospect.

Quality Of Conlleaaaee otbe caster Carbonite

dike, cutting coal seam from which No. 676 was taken.

EE AIKONN Vite cinanesissc cies s vie J. D. Macken-|J. D, Macken-|Chas. Cam-|/F. H. Kitto, Natural Resour-|/F. H. Mezie, Geologi-| zie. sell, Geolo-} ces Intelligence Branch, /Learn, Geocal Survey. gical Survey,| Dept. of Interior, Ottawa. [logical Sur-

Ottawa. vey.

Date of sampling Summer of |1915 Summer of {Summer of 1917 /Summer of 1915. 1915. 1917.

Uromiaters 6 #510

Yukon Coal Fields.

Description. White Pass and Yukon Railway Co., Ltd., Tantalus mine, Tantalus. Sample NOsss2-n< cect. M.EX.31 M.EX.231 M.EX.32 M. EX. 232 M.EX.33 M. BX. 233 Moisture condition (see -

NGL: D2) eine terare siete a D D D D D D on air-drying. % i bees ar gtagts sare dhiie

Results obtained by.. Anal. Anal. Anal. Anal. Anal Anal.

Proximate analysis:—

Moisture...202225 0. % paste agae dae Se Onno ee Ash.. weg 17-0 13-8 19-2 14-0 16-2 12-7 Volatile matter % 25-0 26-3 26-7 25-7 27-8 28-1 Fixed carbon An 58-0 59-9 54-1 60-3 56-0 59-2 Ultimate analysis:— Carbon. sonic, neni % 69-8 gee 455 ee 71-1 Soe Hydrogen % 4-0 oe ess aie 4-3 ae fe cnn he owe %G 17-0 13-8 19-2 14-0 16-2 12-7 Sulphur. % 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-4 0-5 0-5 Nitrogen .-% 0-8 0:8 - 0-9 0-8 0-7 0-8 Cryer: os. Be oss. % 7-9 se 8 a 7-2 mike Calorific value:— prey per gram, coh Sal ys ee ee 6700 7110 6310 7070 6790 7210 B. Th. U. per lb., gross 12060 12800 11360 12730 12230 12980

Fuel ratio... 2-30 2-30 2-05 2: 2: 2-10

Carbon-Hydrogen ratio. 17-5 +e iene 16°5 wee

Coking properties

Hoffmann potash test...

Location in mine Upper seam... .|Middle seam..

Kind of sample : Commercial. . Commercial. .

Quality of coal All bone, rock} Washed bone, coaljAll a rock Washed coal and slate of| from M.EX.| and slate of| fromM.EX.| and slate of} fromM.EX. zinchorover| 31: yield, Zinchorover| 32: yield, Zinchorover| 33: yield, discarded. 81%. discarded. 717%. discarded. 83%.

BERICER DVi5 isc. cc eo ee es BY Somes se oso ness as i 8 BW Bs ss Le D. D. Cairnes. Geological Survey,

Ottawa. Date of sampling Summer, 19083). cccteccs.e ece Sumimer) 1908:!'s ie ceee conece Summer, 1908.

Remarks

Yukon Coal Fields.

Kluane Mining Division.

SAS Seen eS From Head Left Fork Description. of of Left Limit of Granite Creek. Shop Creek. Burwash Creek. 417 418 419 R D R D R D Anal. Cale. Anal. Gale. Anal. Gaic 10-2 eo 11-2 dans 9-8 yeh 9-1 10-1 5-4 6-1 1:6 1-8 42-0 46-8 40-9 46-0 43-9 48-6 38-7 43-1 42-5 47-9 44-7 49-6 Nitrogen OTT ENE ARG oii: Seen. iar Brigg oe eos eer Carbon-Eydrogentration s..464+ sec colleen goto coke 557 eR deat ie 33 Bin anes Rane Wolsing MTOPErtios. eon sane cokes ek nea Non-coking Non-coking Non-coking Shows tendency to agglomerate. ot Mann potash tOst.; 01.0. ..c00c lees ccacar 3—2 2 2 ' POCAHONM NDING Ss Heche oid anand Nanas eee Sins Ohi sai Plewenye8 vrelsia a sede. ojcrdisioereresalee .|Prospect. Guabtyrorcoaliencscns saseo ae : ? Maken: by .cc8 2.24. : D. D. Cairnes, Geological Survey. Date of sampling. Summer of 1914, HROMATES A. sis ace. c0 a0

Miscellaneous Samples from British Columbia.

No. 300. Sawdust briquettes manufactured in Vancouver. Received in December, 1913.

Proximate analysis—

As received Dried at 105° C

MOIStUTOL MK ten seroncn eect sitesah sion sie se eis ne monster mines wetonte % 7:3 ee: PAR Thce aeeiatara tatoos tote aiaicre, Sos tova ciolttasn stickers conta lo aGinsio @inoelve ete nore niente % 36-1 38-9 VOLATILE INIAETOR Oisscc.cie viele nae viefecarealniare o ataiatoalein wots hasten ecnipulte trans rare ie 44-5 48-0 SCSI CS SO a ool SRD aa LI Coc UE % 12-1 13-1 uel pablo ws: eae ec hs SAL ae ene Sees hoon ae Bee Sees 0-27

Calorific value— COBIOTIOR Ae prs Se aais aps Mot we nee tote Riese biases Se ORE Per gram, gross. 3630 3920 BPS rate ntas peluiiac ane claeieatune te bes cee Per lb., gross. 6530 7050

Solu pility—in other. 5 Fisactoeeuceseiice evisu ele ole che aaeu nein meet shes % 16:1 17-4

No. 1141. Crude oil, said to be collected in the vicinity of Burnaby Lake, B.C.

The oil was black and very viscous at ordinary temperatures.

Specific gravity— UGE EVM Os Co Ran EEN a oo ai Tao Se 5.0 a OSA Tanai Re ORO OMe Ab Hoaonuton ae 0-928 Distillation test—Intermittent method— Temperature. % by volume. O° MOOG: Weathers icin rustataeyais aietareiv ares orne,asetcle daiclaiave (aleuets ate eters ares sre wleisllovera shell eleisustnte alae 14-3 150° — 200° C : bars ae : 1:6 200° — 250° C.. 2-2 2502 =—B207 © netic. homie ania 52-7

Sample received from private individual, October 1, 1917.

ye iecaye

Se ade

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were pale men ecpeppintana