Reports of the Inspectors of Mines of the Anthracite Coal Regions of Pennsylvania for the Year 1886
The production was about two million tons in excess of shipments. about 3,027,072, but much of this represents coal used for local con- 657,515 tons.
Overview
Reports of the Inspectors of Mines of the Anthracite Coal Regions of Pennsylvania for the Year 1886 is an 1887 historical mining reference by State Printer, preserved in the Mountain Man Mining research library. The production was about two million tons in excess of shipments. about 3,027,072, but much of this represents coal used for local con- 657,515 tons.
This 1887 document, Reports of the Inspectors of Mines of the Anthracite Coal Regions of Pennsylvania for the Year 1886, is preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library for research and reference. Original source: archive.org.
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RRO nS INSPECTORS OF MINES ANTHRACITE COAL REGIONS OF PENNSYLVANIA
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Harrisburg: Ate P
. Meyers, 8 1887,
Contents.
Report of Inspector of First Anthracite Wieiriet: " 5 a 5 Report of Inspector of Second Anthracite Diinet, . . w+ So Report of Inspector of Third Anthracite District, . . . . .- - i Report of Inspector of Fourth Anthracite District, .. ... - 110 Report of Inspector of Fifth Anthracite District, .. . ... . 147 Report of Inspector of Sixth Anthracite District, .. . ... . 166 Report of Inspector of Seventh Anthracite District,. . . . . - 194 Anas
Anthracite Mine Reports.
2 Reports OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINEs.
Anthracite
TABLE showing the number of mines, number of tons of coal mined and shipped, cite Coal Districts, for the year ending December 31, 1886. Compiled by this Bureau March, 1887. -
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i Pibgs| gh kee 66 71 193 12,929 5,929 18,858 60 74 314 255 Second)... + 57 43 1hrAss 8,907 4,300 13,207 33 137 395 95 Ji tel ah. 75 Ll 57 57 209 12,505 6,651 19,156 58 247 3830 79 TRIG Ds yeas a" ao 46 44 191 8,640 6,554 15,194 41 101 395 152 Secilias oes ws 43 43 192 8,523 5,891 14,414 31 122 465 118
The production was about two million tons in excess of shipments. about 3,027,072, but much of this represents coal used for local con- 657,515 tons.
The number of working days was about the same as reported for
Of the total number of persons employed, 103,044, about 26,120 are 19,995 slate pickers; 10,288 drivers, runners, door-boys and helpers; neers and firemen, and 418 superintendents, book-keepers and clerks.
The condition of the mines is reported as improved, and the acci- There was a decrease of 33 in the number of fatal accidents, and 437
The total production of anthracite and bituminous coal for the year ployed in and about the mines was about 155,408, and the most of working days.
Reports oF THE INspEcToRS OF MINEs. 3
Coal Statistics.
number of employés, days employed, fatal and non-fatal accidents, &c., in the Anthrafrom the Reports of the Inspectors of Anthracite Coal Mines, made to the Bureau, in
A -2 13] ia 2 g eB an es 2 iB i) : S S nH wu n i E z e & oS} 8 42 12 3 % & a are 5 q B 6a g 9 8 Re os i wu aq F's 90'S he hi a a a hu Hy hy by @o oO rob) SH (oD) oD © fe) g a m2 m ae gee qa is i) 35 3 5 5 ® 2 5 5 ¥, A A i x Sa vA A a i 4 ,233 ,456 417 23D 98,316 |128,286 30,901 |145,086 647 1,451 16 38 6,935,315 6,681,812 757 ,671 |119,401 28,078 |198,942 950 1,874 32 98 4,972,502 4,570,146 459,702 |121,280 49,2383 |124,368 §99 1,343 19 64 2,476,018 2,335,862 181,310 |117,905 57,349 47,144 609 9148 8 20
Decrease.
The increased production over that reported to the Bureau in 1885, is sumption and not reported to the Bureau, the total increase being but
1885, there being but a difference of two days. miners proper; 739 foremen and fire-bosses; 16,047 miners' laborers; 13,724 company men; 1,790 blacksmiths and carpenters; 2,887 engi-dents
are accredited to carelessness on the part of the employés. in the number of non-fatal accidents, from the number reported in
1886 was about 61,884,791 tons, and the total number of persons emthese were employed less than two-thirds time out of a possible 307
4 Reports oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
First Anthracite Coal District.
Synopsis of the report of Inspector Patrick Blewitt for the year ending December 31, 1886. Compiled by the Bureau:
Number of mines in the district located,. . . . . . 66 Number of mines operated from ehh since were
SaUnOred, . . sn he a rg Average working ee in sdoye fae serene one amd me 193 Persons employed inside of mines, 12,929 Persons employed outside of mines,. 5,929 Total number of persons employed,. 18,858 Number of fatal accidents, kes tere 60 Number of non-fatal accidents, ( noe ee See: oa, 74 Persons employed per fatal accident, Me 314 Persons employed per non-fatal sai decks (serious .) eae 255° Number of tons:of coal mined, .. <9. a8) 2 #2 eyelaeee Number of tons of coal denne: gales, a oe tas ae gl ee Oe eee Number of tons, increased eect over year 1885, fae
erase,) . . . ite o.. Vegas Number of tons oa rained per coal acto be hd oa. co CLE cere Number of tons of coal mined per non-inl accident,
CSRS, ) Game 1 ay hae Pe eee a) og: 2. 96,112 Number of kegs of bowder used in es: 5 Pde. "RE ae en Sea ae Number of steam boilers in use; 420i sv 3 4 BS 715 Number of horses and mules in service, 2,294 maner of Widows," <5. spel) Calas Se oe eee 36
There were 217 accidents, counting those not of a serious nature, against 194 for the year 1885. There was a decrease of 6 in the number of fatal accidents less than reported for 1885.
Reports oF THE INsPpEcTORS OF MINES. 5
First Anthracite District.
OFrrIcE oF THE INSPECTOR OF MINES, Scranton, Pa., March 14, 1887.
Hon. J. Smmeson Arrica, Secretary of Internal Affairs:
Sm: In compliance with section 7, article I, of an act of Assembly, approved June 30, 1885, entitled '"'An act to provide for the health and safety of persons employed in and about the anthracite coal mines of Pennsylvania, and for the protection and preservation of property connected therewith," I have the honor of herewith submitting my annual report as inspector of coal mines for the first anthracite district for the year ending December 31, A. D. 1886.
The collieries are in a very satisfactory condition as regards ventilation and safety. There were two very serious disasters in this district in 1886; the first at Fair Lawn Colliery, August 30, where seven men lost their lives by an explosion of firedamp; the other at Marvine, where eight men lost their lives by asphyxia, caused by a large fall which closed them in; an account of each will be found in this report.
It is very unpleasant for me to state that the parties working in the mines recklessly face death regardless of the safeguards which the Legislature has enacted for their protection.
By reference to the accompanying tables, it will be seen that a great many accidents could be avoided by using the precautions established by law, and living up to the mine regulations. It also shows the different classes of workmen and number of each, the amount of tons of coal mined and shipped at each colliery, with other statistics interesting to parties engaged in the mining and shipping of coal in this district.
The following is a summary of the most important statistics:
iiouit of coal mined in 1886,, , . . tons, 7,119,295 Amount of coal shipped in1886,. . . . . tons, 6,731,227 Mees ol powder used in 1986, 0.:46.4. 224,141 Tons of coal produced per lifelost,. 118,538 Men On VER IOSty; . . 2 kk ek ee ee as 60 Number of widows,. . . . pe oe SP ee es 36 Tons of coal produced for each widow: 32 ee ar 197,564
Puoocmmemeiiams 2S. + sw eee ee 127
6 ReEpoRtTS oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Tons of coal produced for each orphan,. 56,002 Number of serious accidents, .. . . er ae a 74 Tons of coal produced for each serious nceidenin eres 96,112 Number of slight accidents, . . .. . ia, ee 143 Tons of coal produced for ee slight nee pee. hes 49 ; 764 Total number of employés, . . . ee oo eee 18,829 Tons of coal mined for each ele. ere sy 377 Number of persons working in mines, 12,929 7ond of coal mined for each, si... Shee aoe 550 Fratio.ef employee per life lost, a. . soe ei eee 314 Ratio of employés per personalinjury, 87
Respectfully submitted, PATRICK BLEWITT, Inspector of Mines.
'
Petition to Readjust the Boundary Line between Districts No. 1 and No. 2. To the Board of Examiners appointed by the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne county, Pa., at January term, A. D. 1886;
GENTLEMEN: The undersigned request the Board of Examiners to readjust the boundary line between districts No. 1 and No. 2, in order to equalize the territory and the quantity of coal produced, so as it may be more equitable to the labor of the inspectors of districts No. 1 and No. 2; therefore, we agree to the following line of division: Transfer all of Old Forge township and that portion of Lackawanna township, south-east of the Lackawanna river, in Lackawanna county, from district No. 1 to district No. 2. Then No. 1 district will include all the territory in the Lackawanna coal field from the north-east outcrop of the coal formation to the south-west line of Lackawanna township, on the north-west side of Lackawanna river, and the south-west boundary line of the city of Scranton on the south-east side of the Lackawanna river; district No. 2 will include all of its present territory, together with the above addition of Old Forge township and that portion of Lackawanna township lying south-east of the Lackawanna river.
We remain respectfully yours, H. McDONALD, Inspector Second District. PATRICK BLEWITT, Inspector First District.
Now, to wit, August 12, 1886, the undersigned Board of Examiners for Mine Inspectors, in pursuance of the authority vested in us by the eighth section of the act of June 30, 1885, have readjusted district No. 1 and No. 2, and created a new boundary line, which is, as set forth in the rdegoine petition, signed by the er and the same is
REPoRTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. 4
now adopted and declared by us as the boundary line between said districts, subject to the approval of the Court. CHARLES F. INGHAM, HB. L. BULLOCK, MARTIN BRENNAN, WILLIAM HUGHES, GEORGE FREY. Board of EKxaminers.
On September 6, 1886, the Court of Luzerne county approved of the action of the Board of Bcaraitians. On September 28, 1886, the Court of Lackawanna county agntowee of the action of the Board of Examiners. Opinion by Judge Hand. ©. P. Lackawanna Co., No. 1, Jan. T., 1887. Equity. Com. ex. rel. Blewitt v. William T, Smith.
Act 30 June, 1885, Section 5, Articie IV, P. L., 226, does not prohibit the sinking of a shaft within two hundred feet of the breaker, where the breaker was erected before the passage of the act.
Where a breaker erected before the passage of the act, is within two hundred feet of the opening of the shaft, the act does not prohibit its re-erection in case of destruction by fire.
Bill in equity.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the Court.
Jessups & Hand, for plaintiff.
A. H. Dickson, for defendant.
Hann, P. J.—This case involves the construction of section 5, article IV., of the act of June 30, 1885, relating to the anthracite coal mines, providing for the health and safety of persons employed, and the protection and preservation of property. The questions come before us on bill filed and demurrer.to the bill.
The facts are, that plaintiff is inspector of mines for the first district; that defendant is the operator of an anthracite mine and collery in the city of Scranton; that the mine has been operated for over twenty years by means of a slope, the mouth of which is close beside the breaker, within two hundred feet of the same; the slope extends to all the veins above the New County and Clark veins; the breaker has been in operation continuously for at least ten years, and was erected prior to the passage of the act of Assembly, 1885, which now governs the mode of conducting mines in the anthracite coal field.
The defendant is about to sink a shaft to all the veins of coal on his property, and locate the opening of the shaft within two hundred feet of his present breaker "building, and when completed intends to hoist the coal from all the veins and work the mine through such shaft, which is to take the place of said slope. It was conceded on the ar-
8 Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines.
gument that the shaft was to be in place or stead of the slope, and . located at or near the opening of the slope. The fifth and sixth paragraphs of the bill bear this construction, and are so understood. It is also stated, and is a fact, that in case said shaft is so located, and in case of the destruction of the breaker by fire, it would become necessary, in order to mine and prepare coal from said property, to rebuild said breaker in its present location, and defendant purposes and intends in that case so todo. The plaintiff avers that the proposed action of the defendant is contrary to the mine-ventilation act, and especially the fifth section of article IV of said act, approved 30 June, 1885, P. L., page 226.
The two questions raised by the bill are directly (1), whether the sinking of the proposed shaft within two hundred feet of the breaker is in contravention of the act of Assembly, and indirectly (2), whether in case of the burning of the breaker the rebuilding of the breaker would violate the provisions of the act.
It was conceded upon the argument that the fifth section of article IV controls in the construction. The portion of the section pertinent is as follows, viz: '' From and after the passage of this act, no inflammable structure, other than a frame to sustain pulleys or sheaves, shall be erected over the entrance of any opening connecting the surface with the underground workings of any mine, and no "' breaker" or other inflammable structure for the preparation or storage of coal, shall be erected nearer than two hundred (200) feet to any such opening. Provided, That this section shall not apply to breakers — that are now erected, or that are in course of erection."
It will hardly be doubted, under the proper rules of construction, that in the cases to which this section is applicable, it prevents the location and construction of a breaker and shaft, or slope, within two hundred feet of each other, no matter which is first erected. It would hardly be urged that in the case of new mines being opened, reached by no breaker, that the law could be avoided by first erecting the breaker and then sinking the shaft. This would make the law carry its own defeat within its own terms.
The question is, ''Is this one of the cases to which the section is applicable?" At the outset, the section confines itself to erections "from and after the passage of this act."
In the case of an entire new mine and opening, the language of the section would prevent the erection of a breaker where an opening had been completed and no breaker begun, but this construction might be considered possibly a forced one, equal to the one supposed in the case of an erection of the breaker for the purpose of avoiding the letter of the statute. It is, however, not necessary for us to decide this, as itis not before us. It is evident that no attempt is made in the act to interfere with the locations of breakers and openings prior
to the act.
Reports OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. 9
Again, whatever cases might arise after the passage of the act, the proviso to section five makes a specific imitation to the application of the section. That limitation is that the section shall not apply to breakers that are now erected or that are in course of erection. The effect of this proviso is that, whatever construction we give to the preceding enactment or portion of the section, that construction shall not apply to the case of a breaker erected at the time of the enactment, orin course of erection. It is, therefore, clear that even if we enlarge by construction the wording of the section, so as to prevent the sinking of a shaft after the erection of a breaker, which is itself erected after the enactment, we cannot so enlarge it where the breaker was erected at the time the law was passed. The proviso positively excludes such construction.
'A proviso is something engrafted upon a preceding enactment, and is legitimately used for the purpose of taking special cases out of the general enactments and providing specially for them." A proviso speaks the last intention of the law-giver, and may render nugatory a prior part of an act.
"If a proviso in a statute be directly contrary to the purview of the statute, the proviso is good, and not the purview." —Potter's Dwarris on Stat., 118 and notes. )
It would seem, therefore, that both under the letter and the spirit of the section, the defendant may sink his shaft without violating the law. But let us examine the intention of the Legislature further. In drafting the section and the proviso, they were made to relate to the erection of the breaker, and not to the sinking of the opening. The proviso, instead of saying the section shall not apply to openings now erected or sunk, or in course of sinking, prohibits the section from applying to breakers. We may not assume that this is an inadvertence, especially if we can find a legal reason for it. It seems to us such a reason exists. While the law itself was intended to guard the health and safety of persons, its title shows that it was also intended to protect and preserve property. Within proper rules of construction, it should receive liberal treatment. At the same time, it is apparent throughout the act that so far as possible it seeks to avoid the destruction of rights and values. It even permits danger and risk to remain, rather than strike down values and property once created and vested in the owner of the mines. A similar exception and proviso is inserted in relation to the location of boilers, in article V, section 2.
A breaker is defined to be " the structure containing the machinery used for the preparation of coal." It will be observed that the building of the breaker, with its machinery to be connected with the mine, determines to some extent the location of the shaft or opening. It matters not which was actually first located, the breaker once built ig
10 Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines.
built with reference to the opening. A breaker is a structure of great value; it cannot be safely removed without great loss. On the other hand, the opening is the means of access by the owner to his property ; by property we mean the coal which is the subject-matter of the law. It is not uncommon for a person to own only the coal, with no surface save that to be made for his openings, his breakers, and for dumpingground. Ifthe breaker is once erected, and the owner is obliged to make his opening at least two hundred feet therefrom, by law, it might throw him entirely off from his own land, in which case he would own his property without access toit. Itis clear that the Legislature would never intentionally enact such a law, and they have avoided it by this proviso. A lessee of coal is also an '"'owner'"' within the act (see article XIX, definition of owner). This reasoning, while it applies to the sinking of the shaft, and accounts for the wording of the proviso, applies with equal force to the rebuilding of the breaker when it is burned. It is the case of a breaker erected at the time of the enacting of the law, to which the section was never intended to apply. Valuable rights have been fixed, large amounts have been spent on the strength of the relative location of the breaker and the opening, and with this property the law expressly says it does not intend to interfere. This view of the act of Assembly gives reasonable force to the section in question, and at the same time protection in the line clearly intended by the Legislature. It is also apparent from the guarded language of the section and the proviso, that, as to all entirely new developments of coal tracts where no vested property-rights in breakers or openings relative thereto existed, the relative location of the two was to be changed. A radical change is inaugurated, but inaugurated so that no reasonable cause of complaint could exist, and no property annihilated by act of law.
In regard to a rebuilding of a breaker destroyed by fire, or of one worn out or decayed before the exhaustion of coal, the act is silent. It has not attempted to regulate these matters. It is not the question whether the Legislature has power to regulate them, but has it done so? On the contrary, has not the Legislature plainly shown a disposition not to interfere? No one will doubt the right of any person to rebuild his breaker when burned. He may enter into a contract in advance that the insurance company may rebuild instead of paying the loss. Any interference with this right by law must be by express authority. The courts cannot infuse into an act, even one so important as that it is intended to protect life, what is not in it by express words or necessary construction. This was decided in Haddock v. Com., 108 Pa. Bio Be, 248:
We apprehend that the proviso of section V of article 4, coupled with the opening words of the section, shows a clear intention not to interfere with any location of the breaker and the opening which existed at the
Reports oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. 11
time of the passage of the act, so long as the same works or "colliery" were to be continued. The reason which would save or exclude the section from the case of a breaker then erected would apply to the whole colliery, as it is defined by the act, until the coal for which the breaker was erected was exhausted. Breakers decay and wear out; they, and the openings made in connection with them, are made with reference to the body of coal they are intended to reach so as to exhaust it. The openings are located, or intended to be, with the best skill and plan that can be used or devised. Unforeseen facts arise beneath the ground; the angle of the slope may be changed by the coal so as to run off the owner's land; it may extend so far as to leave a large body of coal, or whole veins, behind it. Shall not the operator be permitted to change his opening or rebuild his breaker on the same spot so as to effectuate his original intention? It is true he may sink his shaft inside the mine to the lower veins, but shall he be compelled to do this, or shall he be compelled to lose all the coal back of his slope because it cannot be mined without a loss? Possibly yes, if the law clearly and expressly says so much. But if it does not, or appears to clearly intimate a contrary intention, we hold that it is not contrary to the best rules of construction to leave the owner to the free enjoyment of his natural privileges until they have been clearly curbed or annihilated. Those principles are in accordance with the rules of construction applied to mine ventilation acts as seen in Haddock v. Com., above cited, in Com. v. Connell & Co., 2 Luz. Leg. Reg., p. 1, decided by Judge Harding; also with general rules of construction. "A power derogatory to private property must be construed strictly, and not enlarged by intendment." (Dwarris Stat. (Potter) 257; Vanhorn v. Dorrance, 2 Dallas, 316.)
Our attention was called in the argument to an either apparently careless or designed omission of the case of a shaft, where it is provided "that this act shall not be construed to prohibit the erection - of a trestle for the transportion of cars from any slope to such breaker or structure." In the case before us we have held that the section entire did not contain in its purview the case of a breaker erected at the time of its passage. The act in such a case is as if this section was not in it. But we are of the opinion that a shaft is not excluded from the exception made in the case of a slope. Our reasons are as follows: The affirmative part of the section applies to "other inflammable structure for the preparation or storage of coal." A trestle is not for that purpose, especially in the case of a shaft: it is for the transportation of coal. In the case of a slope, the trestle may so far be apart of the breaker by reason of the schutes and screens unning under it, (as i in the case where its inclination is a continuation of the 3 inclination of the slope until it reaches the breaker,) that it is difficult to tell where the trestle ends and the portion for " the preparation and
12 REPORTS oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
storage of coal begins." Hence such a case should be excluded to prevent a construction adverse to its usage. But this does not imply that the original affirmative clause included shafts. This is upon the basis that it was a designed omission. It would not, however, be a forced, but a natural, construction to say that no distinction was intended between a shaft and a slope, and the omission was a mere lack of specification where the intent could be inferred. There is no reason why a trestle not filled with screens and machinery for '' the preparation of coal," or with bins for the storage of coal, should be inhibited and prevent connection with a breaker or slope. A new trestle would communicate fire slowly, is easily thrown down, and the exception as to a slope is some indication that the trestle was not to be included, inasmuch as such a possible construction is prohibited.
It is true, as contended by the learned counsel for the plaintiff, who cites Com. v. Fraim, 16 Pa. St. &., 158, and Big Bk. Cent. Imp. Co. v. Com., 94 Pa. St., 450, that statutes will be construed so as best to effectuate the intention of the makers, though the construction may seem contrary to the letter of the statute. But even this rule applies only where the intent is clear and the contradiction seeming. Ifwe have read the statute in question right, it intends to guard the health and safety of persons employed in and about the coal mines, but it equally intends to preserve the equities of owners existing at the time of its passage. In this view we enter judgment on the demurrer in favor of the defendant, and dismiss the bill at the cost of the plaintiff.
Colliery Improvements During 1886.
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company.
This company reports but very few improvements for the year, except what were necessary for the purpose of keeping their coal property in a condition to supply the market with their quota of coal. They
have opened but very little new territory.
Brisbin Shaft.
This shaft was sunk from G, or 14-foot, to Clark vein of coal, a distance of 153 feet. Total depth of shaft, 520 feet; size of shaft opening, 35x10 feet. They are opening up the mine so as to be ready to ship coal when the market needs it.
Manville Shaft.
This shaft has been sunk 170 feet from the Clark to No. 3 Dunmore vein. Total depth of shaft, 355 feet; size of shaft opening, 27X10 feet. This mine is operated by Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company and Delaware and Hudson Canal Company alternate
months. Delaware and Hudson Canal Company.
This company does not report any improvements for the year, ex-
Reports OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. 13
cept what were necessary for development of territory to supply their quota of coal to the market.
Pennsylvania Coal Company.
This company have sunk a new shaft in Dunmore borough on what is known as the Gilbert Dunning tract, called No. 1 shaft. Commenced sinking in rock on November 26, 1885, and finished on November 18,1886. Shaft is 1712 feet from surface to bottom of first Dunmore vein, 218,3, feet to bottom of second Dunmore vein, 2724 feet to bottom of lower Dunmore vein, and 2891 feet to bottom of sump. No coal has been shipped yet. They are opening up the mine and preparing to build a large breaker in connection with the shaft 600 feet east of it. No coal will be shipped until the latter end of year.
Spencer's Shaft.
Spencer Bros. have extended their underground slope 1,280 feet;
angle of pitch, 3°; sectional area, 90 square feet.
Richmond Shaft.
This shaft has been sunk 60 feet to a lower vein; size of shaft, 12x24 feet. They are opening out the mines at present.
Pancoast Shaft.
The company sunk a new slope 550 feet long in mines on a pitch or angle of 6°; also had a new tunnel driven 128 feet long in rock from top to bottom split of 14-foot, or G, vein; sectional area of tunnel, 60 square feet.
Marshwood Colliery.
This is a new colliery, owned and operated by the Moosic Mountain Coal Company. It is located in Olyphant borough, and 3 miles southeast of Lackawanna river. It consists of one drift driven into crop of first Dunmore vein; slope sunk across the measures, cutting the second Dunmore vein, and to the bottom of the lower Dunmore vein. It is 292 feet long; angle of pitch, 19° 25''; sectional area, 8X12 feet—96 square feet. The breaker is not finished yet. It will have a capacity of 1,000 tons of coal per day. There are eight boilers in place, also one pair of hoisting engines and one breaker engine. The company have also built several houses for their employés. From present. appearances, it is intended for a first-class colliery. John R. Davis, general manager; B. F. Fillmore, assistant; James R. Wilson, mine foreman. The company will be ready to ship coal as soon as the main outside track is finished to the colliery. They are sinking an air shaft 12x16 feet to cut all the veins of coal.
Capouse Shaft.
A new plane has been graded at an angle of 15° and 450 feet long,
14 Reports oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Church Mine.
A new slope has been sunk from the surface to the coal.
Grassey Island Mines.
They have driven a new drift to open up the slope vein of coal.
Dolph Colliery.
There have been new lump coal schutes built on breaker.
Edgerton Mine.
Two air shafts have been sunk, one 35 feet deep, the other 41 feet deep; sectional area of each, 100 square feet.
Peckville Colliery.
This is a new colliery, located in Winton borough, on the south-east side of the Lackawanna river. Coal'can be shipped by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western railroad or the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's railroad. It is owned and operated by the Peckville Coal Company. They have one drift driven 200 feet into the coal, and opening right and left of the main heading. There is another drift 600 feet south of breaker. A new breaker is being built which will have a capacity of 600 tons per day. They will be ready to ship coal in about three months. An air shaft is also being sunk. —
Pierce Mines.
The slope from the surface has been sunk 700 feet in 1886. Sectional area, 100 square feet.
Hrie Colliery.
On November 16, 1886, Erie breaker was destroyed by fire. It is now being rebuilt, and will be ready for the preparation of coal about March 1,1887. Sunk one pumping shaft 225 feet deep; sectional area, 48 square feet. Two new shafts are being sunk, one to top vein and one to bottom vein. Size of shafts, 12x30 feet. A breaker is to be erected for the preparation of coal and is now ready for the superstructure
. ; Keystone Mine.
One self-acting plane, 450 feet long, sectional area, 96 square feet, has been built and in operation.
Brennan's Mines. A new breaker has been erected; a drift has been opened and an air shaft has been sunk in 1886. Belmont Mines.
A new drift has been driven for a distance of 300 feet, for the purpose of drainage. Sectional area, 42 square feet.
REports oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. 15
Simpson Mines.
Rebuilt breaker destroyed by fire in December, 1885. Erected a fan, 16 feet diameter, 5 feet face; sunk air shaft 108 feet deep. One set of three boilers put in place.
Forest City Colliery.
The Hillside Coal and Iron Company own and operate this colliery. A new wing was built to the breaker, almost doubling its capacity. A new slope has been sunk from the surface to the top vein, 1300 feet long; angle of pitch, 6 degrees; sectional area, 96 square feet. A slope has been sunk in the mines 500 feet long; angle of pitch, 6°; sectional area, 72 square feet. One plane has been graded; angle of pitch, 7°; and 400 feet long. A new shaft has been sunk 160 feet deep, to bottom of coal; size of shaft, 1230 feet. This is called No. 2 shaft. Another shaft, called the Clifford shaft, is being sunk to the lower vein of coal. It was down 22 feet on December 31, 1886; size of shaft, 12x30 feet. A breaker is to be erected in connection with this shaft, to be located along the Jefferson branch of the New York, Lake Erie and Western railroad. When all these improvements are finished it will double the capacity of this colliery, which is located in Clifford township, Susquehanna county.
Fair Lawn Disaster. Patrick BuiewirTt, Esa., Wine Inspector.
Dear Sir: I submit the following facts in regard to the explosion of fire damp, in Fair Lawn mine, August 30, 1886: Our quota of the allotment of coal for the month had been filled Wednesday, August 26. On Thursday, August 27, there came a fall of rock on the slope, when orders were given that there would be no more mining until the rock was cleared on the slope. Monday, August 30, six men came for work, going in and passing the station, where they should wait for word as to the safety of their going to their places of work. They disregarded the established rule and passed in toa point marked on tracing, where one of them ignited the gas that killed all but one. Names of the killed and survivor: Michael Pryle, miner, killed; John Kerrigan, miner, killed; Edward Gaughan, miner, killed; Edward Pierce, fire boss, killed; Hugh Connors, laborer, killed; Patrick Comers, laborer, died; John Navan, badly burned.
: Yours, J. H. Hoste, Superintendent Lair Lawn Colliery.
From my investigations and the testimony given before the corose, ;
ner's Jury, it was shown that a fall of rock came down on the main
slope, on Thursday, 27th day of August. The company's men were
16 REporRTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
working at and clearing it away on Friday, Saturday, and Monday. When the explosion took place, Martin Gallagher, the mine foreman, and Patrick Malia, a laborer, were working at it, and preparing to close up an entrance that was destroyed by a fall, which caused a leakage of over 6,000 cubic feet of air. On Sunday, the 29th, the fan was stopped for repairs for about an hour and a half, in the forenoon, but as soon as the repairs were finished the fan was started again at its usual speed, and run regularly at that speed until the explosion took place, on Monday morning. On Monday morning, six miners and laborers got to the mouth of the slope about 7.30 o'clock, and waited there for some time, until Edward Pierce, the fire boss, was . ready to go into the mines with them. They were going to their chambers to take up some bottom rock, so as to have their working places in good condition for work on September the Ist, when mining was to begin again. In going down the slope two of the party went into the Clark vein for something they needed, and the other five went to the bottom of the slope in No. 3 vein, and waited there until the other two men came to them. Then the fire boss and party went in together, all carrying naked lights. They went but a short distance, when some one of the party ignited the gas, causing an explosion, killing Edward Pierce, fire boss; Michael Pryle, miner; John Kerrigan, miner; Edward Gaughan, miner, and Hugh Conners, laborer. Patrick Comers and John Navan were seriously injured. Comers died in the hospital two weeks after the explosion, and John Navan recovered.
In my opinion, the cause of the explosion was the stoppage of the fan for repairs on Sunday morning, which allowed the gas to accumulate in No. 8 vein. Although the fan was run at its usual speed after the repairs were finished, it could not circulate the amount of air necessary. to remove the gas in No. 38 vein, as there was a loss of over 6,000 cubic feet of pure air, which leaked through at the fall, on the main slope, into the Clark vein, which ought to go into No. 3 vein.
Hereto attached, you will find the verdict of the coroner's jury, tracing showing location of fall in slope, station where men wait for orders in morning before going to work, and where men were found after the explosion.
From a careful examination of the mine and from the evidence before us, we deduce the following verdict: The deceased persons herein named came to their deaths on Monday, the 30th day of August, A. D., 1886, from an explosion of gas (fire damp) at about the middle of the third or lower vein of the Fair Lawn Coal Company's mine. It wasan idle day at the mine, but half a dozen men wished to go in for the purpose of taking up bottom rock. They were allowed by the mine foreman to go in, accompanied by his assistant, the fire boss,
Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines. 14
although the latter had not inspected the mine for about thirty-six
hours. Arriving at the foot of the slope, where the waiting station is
located, the fire boss (or mine foreman's assistant), instead of leaving
the men there while he made a tour of inspection, as required by
law, said, ' Well, we will go in," or words to that effect, and led the
way, the men in accompanying him likewise violated the mine law,
which plainly directs that "'a workman shall not pass beyond any
such station until the mine or part of the mine beyond the same has_ been inspected and reported to be safe." Kach member of the party,
boss as well as men, had an unprotected light. The fact that the
fire boss probably also had a safety lamp at the time of the explosion
isimmaterial. When they reached a point where doors opened to the
right and left, the fire boss said: '' Let us go this way," and most of the party followed him to the left-hand door; but we believe from the
circumstances, that one of the party entered the right-hand door, and that his lamp ignited the gas, which evidently had collected there.
The accumulation of explosive gas was, at least in part, doubtless due to the stoppage of the fan for repairs, forabout an hourand a half, on the day previous (Sunday), but the action of the fan during Sunday night would readily have removed the gas had it not been for the fall of coal and rock under and upon the slope, which allowed a portion of the air that should have been conducted down to and around the third vein (as usual) to be diverted from its proper course and pass more or less directly to the air shaft, through the upper or Clark vein—thus reducing the air supply in the lower vein so that it was insufficient for removing the dangerous gas.
The testimony shows that the mine officershad full knowledge of the fall at the slope from the time it occurred, on Thursday, August 26, and they should have understood (or determined by testing) the consequent loss of air to the lower vein.
We believe they should not have allowed any person, except such as were' required for repairing, to enter the mine for the purpose of working therein, until the mine had been put in a safe and proper working condition.
ReEEse G. Brooks, GEORGE EK. STEVENSON, J.J. How ey, GRIFFITH THOMAS, JouN GorRpDON, Wittiam A. PARNELL.
18 Reports OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Relief Fund for the Bereaved Families of the Fair Lawn and Marvine Mine Disasters.
In response to an appeal on behalf of the bereaved families of the Fair 'Lawn and Marvine shaft disasters, the Scranton Zruth raised a popular subscription for their immediate relief, amounting to $2,- 42412. Thisamount was promptly distributed among the widows and orphans by a committee appointed by the publishers of the 7ruth, consisting of his Honor Mayor Ripple, of Scranton; Mr. P. J. Ruane, city treasurer of Scranton, and H. M. Edwards, Esq., district attorney of Lackawanna county, and proved a great boon to the stricken families in their time of need. Attached hereto is the report of the committee :
The Committee's Report.
To Messrs. Barrett & Jordan, Editors of The Truth: Scranton, October 29, 1886.
GENTLEMEN—The committee appointed to distribute the Marvine and Fair Lawn relief fund beg leave to present, after careful consideration, the following report. In order to facilitate the work of the committee, you had obtained for us all the data with regard to the bereaved families, their necessities and the number of dependent ones, with their means and condition. The committee visited the families on Friday, October 29, 1886, and verified the information gained by you. We found thirteen widows, or heads of families, thirty-five children, or dependent ones, making forty-eight in all. Of these, five were widows who had no means of support, some aged, and one nearly blind. We have decided, after a thorough discussion of the matter, to set aside from the fund fifty dollars for each of these widows, and to divide the balance of the fund between the total number of beneficiaries. This amount would give each one $45 29, and to each of the widows named above $95 29. The distribution, as made, is as follows: ;
Mrs. Elizabeth Young, widow, three children, ss .ss++ss5 $181 17
Drs, Annie: Shafer, WIGOW, 46.6 98 66S ne en eee eee 95 28 Mrs, Patridk Murphy, widOw,, i... .9 Ges see e ee ee ew ee 95 28 Mrs. Mary McGuire, widow, CO Gk aM Ate Le eee i re a 95 28 Mrs. Mary Carden, widow, six oiileirutt, epee ae we Pet ses 817 05 Mrs. Kate MeNulty, widow, seven children, ... .:s..:2.+se2s:+c6 862 42 Mrs. Kate Kerrigan, widow, three children, 56 ss ee ee 181 17 Mire. Puawoe, Witow bl Gh sce, es ie ete ee ee alice 95 29 Mrs. Mary Conners, widow, Sone ehildron, rare ar tase 226 50 Mra. James Ptyel, WidGW, 5 2s. 9s ae we a we Oe eee ee 95 29 Mrs. Mary Gaughan, widow, six children, 1.2.2.2. 2s e sees 317 05 Mrs. Mary Caveny, widow, six children,. 2.6 + s+ see eevee 317 085 Mrs. Philbin, expenses of burial of Patrick Comer,. 45 29
Total, . . 85 ates aS kw SOF Saeko ee $2,424 12
Before closing this report, we beg leave, on behalf of the widows and orphans, to return you and the people who contributed so liber-
Reports OF THE InSrEcTORS OF MINES. 19
ally towards this fund, sincere thanks. Your committee met, in the course of its investigation, some very pitiful cases, and we consider this one of the most worthy objects that has ever been advocated by any journal. The sum realized is magnificent. Hoping the prayers of these widows and orphans, from whose doors the wolf will be kept by this fund, will reward you, we are, with thanks for the honor conferred upon us, Yours respectfully,
Ezra H. Riper,
H. M. Epwarps,
P. J. Ruane,
Committee. The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company distributed gratuitously
to the bereaved families of Marvine shaft disaster, the following amounts :
rere ance WrONUlUy. 60. 2. wa eo a ee OOM ere Onn Milman Young, 5 24 6 ee Hoey ee OR 800 orvines Coniag. weary MeGUites.: 20.2. PR. Ovid 500 money. Faihick Marr Oxyaniei.. . et ue. are ele eS RD Mores claeharme Dharpiy, 2 6 6 eS Pe 500 ovine Mary Camden 2. ahh a Pe ey YO DEON Pipne mee net, Te kh we ek ee ee) 500
They also paid $500 for burial expenses.
Meadow Brook Shaft Fire and Accident.
/
On December 20th, 1886, an accident occurred in Meadow Brook shaft, instantly killing John Rogers and seriously injuring John O'Hara, John Nee and Anthony Dougherty, who were working filling, building walls and pointing the cross-cuts with mortar. At about five o'clock on the afternoon of December 20th, John Rogers, assistant mine foreman, John O'Hara, driver boss, and John Nee, Anthony Dougherty and Michael O'Gallagher, laborers, started to fill a crosscut. Rogers and O'Hara, after they set the men to work, went back from the cross-cut about twenty feet and sat down along the rib. As soon as they had done so a fall of roof was precipitated on them, instantly killing John Rogers and seriously injuring O'Hara, Nee and Dougherty, and slightly injuring O'Gallagher. Where they were working, in Stokes counter gangway, was heated from its proximity to the fire, which caused an expansion of the roof to a certain extent, closing up the cross-cuts. This caused a current of cool air to flow through, which had a tendency to contract the rock roof, which, in my opinion, was the cause of the fall and accident.
Attached hereto is a tracing showing the location of the fire and fall which caused the accident. Also a description of the mode of operations to distinguish the fire.
20 Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines. -
Marvine Mine Disaster.
Marvine ntine, which had previously been in successful operation, employing about 250 men and boys, on September 13th, 1886, was the scene of a serious disaster, caused by an extensive fall.
The fall was caused by the settling of eight (8) acres in a basin of the mine north-west of the shaft, in which locality'the coal of that part of the mine, the vein being about sixteen (16) feet thick, had been mined out. Pillars of the usual dimensions, which had been left for supporting the roof, were crushed by the superincumbent pressure. There were about 100 men and boys working in the portion of the mine that caved in. All except eight escaped. These could have gotten out safely if they had persevered as the others did. They were within ninety (90) feet of the foot of the slope, indicated by letter D, on tracing attached to this report. At this point, it seems they had a consultation and turned back into the mine. They were met going back by William Shaffer, son of John Shaffer, who implored his son with tears in his eyes to return with them, but he went right on toward the shaft; he got to a point marked G on tracing, where he was caught by a fall of roof and held fast until relieved by Peter Kelly, a propman, who was coming out after him. Both of them came to the foot of the shaft in safety. They were also met going back by Paul Bright and Robert Proudlock, the fire boss. who tried to persuade them to return and go out with them, but without avail. Bright and Proudlock reached the foot of the shaft without being injured. The names of the persons who returned into the mine and were lost, are: John Young, Patrick McNulty, John Shaffer, Patrick Murphy, Patrick Harrison, John Carden, Cormac Mc- Guire, and Patrick Cavanagh. John Carden, one of the party that lost his life, was out at the foot of the slope, when he heard his uncle, Cormac McGuire, imploring for assistance. He returned to his relief, but never came out alive. The heroic action of John Howells deserves special mention. As he was coming out, creeping over the fall with the roof falling around him, he heard the cry for help of a boy named John Ready, who was held fast by a slab of rock. He returned, turned the rock off his foot, but the boy lost some of his toes and could not walk. Howells hoisted him on his back and carried him to the foot of the shaft, a distance of about 2,000 feet.
The first indication of a creep or squeeze was on Monday morning, September 6th. A slight squeeze was noticed in Thomas Lynch's chamber. He was compelled to quit and would not be allowed to work any longer. Next morning the squeeze extended to the chamber inside, marked on tracing Elijah Filer. He had to quit work also. Next morning the squeeze extended. two chambers further in, marked on tracing Frank Collins and Valentine Birtly. When it got this far, all the men were removed from this section of the workings to
Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines. 91
another portion of the mine. The squeeze seemed to stop at this point, and did not extend any further at that time.
On September 13th, the men went in as usual in the morning to their work, and, from the testimony of the witnesses who appeared before the coroner's jury, everything was quiet and no sign of a squeeze. About eight o,clock, the coal began to chip off the pillars from the pressure of the overlying strata, andat about fifteen minutes after eight o'clock the mine foreman thought he had better stop the work in that part of the mine. He then sent messengers through and notified everybody to come out. They all came out except the eight men who have been mentioned as going back and being lost. Every effort was made to rescue them, but the roof kept falling and it was dangerous to risk going over the fall. On the afternoon of the 18th, every place was blocked tight with falls from the roof. Air bridges and doors were all destroyed, which caused the stoppage of the circulation of air. About noon, on the 14th, gangs of men were started to cut through to rescue the men at two places. One of the places colored red on tracing and marked F, and another from the same heading to be driven into a chamber marked James Lynch. This last place had to be abandoned when they reached a distance of fifteen feet, as the drill was caught fast in the hole on account of the squeeze. The distance to be driven on heading marked F on tracing was 154 feet. It took nearly six days to go through to the lower heading. Six bodies were found at the face of the heading, marked A. on September 2ist, and two bodies were found on the 28rd, at points marked Band ©. Attached, you will find tracing with notes and letters denoting where men were found, also the verdict of the coroner's jury :
The Verdict.
An inquisition indented and taken at the First ward of Scranton, in the county of Lackawanna, the ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty-six, before me, G. K. Dean, M. D., coroner of the county aforesaid, upon the view of the bodies of John Young, Patrick McNulty, John Shaffer, Patrick Murphy, Patrick Harrison, John Carden, Cormac McGuire, and Patrick Cavanagh, then and there lying dead, upon the oaths of A. B. Junning, foreman, James White, D. T. Lewis, J. O. Stanton, Benjamin Hughes, and John Costello, good and lawful men of the county aforesaid, who being sworn and affirmed to inquire on the part of the Commonwealth, when, how, where, and after what manner the said eight men came to their deaths, do say. upon their oaths and affirmations respectively, that there was strong suspicion of violence, such as to make an inquest necessary.
90 Reports oF THE INsPEcTORS oF MINEs.
We find that John Young, Patrick McNulty, John Shaffer, Patrick Murphy, Patrick Harrison, John Carden, Cormac McGuire, and Patrick Cavanagh, came to their deaths on the 13th day of September, A. D. 1886, in the slope section of the fourteen-foot vein, at the Marvine shaft of the D. & H. C. Co., by being suffocated by mine gas, caused by the circulation of air having been cut off by an unusually large fall of roof.
From the testimony of those who escaped from the same portion of the mines, it seems that in going to work that morning the deceased did not apprehend any danger, although, probably, aware that there was undue pressure on the pillars of several chambers on No. 2 air split, and that the squeeze was extending.
This system of mining—which may be compared to working in a bottle with no channel for egress of air, except at the nozzle—though generally in vogue throughout this district, and not distinctly forbidden by law, is certainly reprehensible.
If the officials in charge had had sufficient foresight to have made, beforehand, the heading connection which was afterward done to re cover the bodies, or prevented the men from entering until there was a second opening, the disaster would have been averted.
In witness whereof, as well the aforesaid coroner, the jurors aforesaid have to this inquisition put their hands and seals, on the day and year and at the place above mentioned.
G. Epe@ar DEAN,
A. B. Dunne, % R. oe Joun J. COsTELLo,
James S. WHITE,
D. T. Lewis,
JoHN O. STANTON,
BensaAmMiIn Hugues.
Norrt.—This portion of the mine has been abandoned and filled with water. Time and Speed Indicator.
Article 10, section 17, of the anthracite mine law of Pennsylvania, requires that all ventilators used at mines generating explosive gases, shall be provided with a recording instrument, by which the number of revolutions of the fan shall be registered each hour, and such data shall be taken and reported, &c., &c.
Mr. Edmund Bartl, engineer Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, has devised an instrument which will do the work demanded by the above law admirably. It consists of a metal pedestal, which is erected on blocks at the side of the fan or engine shaft, which supports a small vertical shaft to which a governor is at- Zevhied: On the lower end of the shatt is a small cog wheel, which is geared to a large driving wheel screwed into the end of the fan or en-
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Bartl'S Time And Speed Indicator Side Elevation.
Reports or tHe INspecrors or MINES.
gine shaft. The work is performed by the governor pressing down one end of a system of leverage, (attached also to the vertical shaft, ) which on the other end raises an arm to which is attached a pen filled with ink, which presses against a paper dial held in position by a light case of sheet brass. The higher the speed, the more the governor presses down the lever, and, consequently, the higher the arm holding the pen is raised. The time is recorded by a clock, to whose shaft the dial case is attached. Six dials can be put in the case, and each one is taken off every twenty-four hours at a convenient time. The clock runs for a week, so that all that is necessary is to slip off the dial without stopping anything, the pen going on to the next succeeding sheet.
The inventor claims the special advantage of using pen and ink instead of pencil, inasmuch as the ink, being indelible, any tampering with the diagram would be easily detected.
The instrument has been tested for a week at the Bellevue mines. The chief engineer and the mine inspectors of the districts examined it while at work, and its performance was highly satisfactory to them, the revolutions of the fan being recorded accurately to within half a revolution, when the fan was making 138 minutes.
Two photographs, (side and end views,) attached hereto.
Townsend Poore's Speed Register for Fans or Other Machinery.
This instrument, from its simplicity, is enduring and can be made at a reasonable cost. It makes a positive record of the revolutions of a fan or other rotary machinery, or the movements of reciprocating machinery, by registering the revolutions of the engine or other motor which drives it, as follows: To an eight-day clock at the spindle, from which the hour hand has been removed, one end of a cylinder about 2}" diameter by 24" long, is attached, having its outer end pivoted so as to turn with little friction, and so arranged that said cylinder can be easily detached and returned to its correct relative position without stopping the clock. This cylinder has the same motion as would be given to the hour hand of the clock, and is covered by a paper having twelve longitudinal lines running the whole length of the cylinder, which being equidistant divide the periphery into what may be called hour spaces. These hour spaces are again divided by eleven more longitudinal lines into twelve spaces which may be called five-minute spaces.
In addition to these longitudinal lines, the cylinder is marked by a spiral line of 2" pitch occupying the whole length of the cylinder, the alternate halves of each of its revolutions being red and the intermediate alternate halves of its revolutions being black. This spiral line is to receive the strokes of the recording style, the red parts during the twelve hours of the day, and the black parts during the twelve hours of the night. The paper is to record a week or month's run as de-
24 Reports oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
sired. The latter will cost more, as the cylinder must be made longer and some of the other parts of greater scope. The record line of red and black is made spiral, so as to keep each day and night distinct, and the style is fed along the side of the cylinder by a screw of the same pitch as the spiral line on the cylinder, which receives its strokes. By means of this device a record can be kept indefinitely, without the loss of one revolution. Cylinders may be changed without stopping either the engine or the clock, but as all engines must be stopped for packing and inspection, papers or cylinders may be changed during these stops. The record is made by the steel style, so that the marks are like those of the Morse telegraph instrument, legible and permanent. The style rebounds instantly after making its mark, and besides there is a compensating mechanicism to prevent any retarding of the clock by the slight additional friction puton it. Each mark on the paper indicates five hundred revolutions of the motor. These marks could be made more frequent if desired, but any one accustomed to recording instruments, would understand the very great advantages of the system employed on account of the ease with which the record is read.
This mechanicism is clearly shown by the accompanying cut. It may be worked from either a rotary or reciprocating part of the motor, or directly from the fan or other machinery driven. It is easily attached, and requires no more oil or attention than a clock. It is shown with the cover removed. When in service it is closed in a dust proof box 79" and 44" deep, with a glass top through which it may be examined.
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REpoRTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
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42 REpoRTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
TABLE No. 6—Showing the grand total of employés, horses, mules, engines, pumps, tons of coal shipped, fatal and non-fatal accidents in the First Anthra
Name Of County Where Coal Was Mined In First District.
Total number of men employed. Total number of boys employed. Total number employed in mines. Total number employed outside. Total BUREN Ot bee of powder used Total number of tons of coal mined.
Total number of employees.
Lackawanna County. Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Co., 5,609 3,942 |1,667 38,625 /1,984 61,560 |2,228, 368.11
Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, PM ee hi 4,778 8,317 |1,461 8,387 |1,391 53,854 |1,951,925.07 Pmcaloqae GAleOPAINGE,) <9). ss%e secs wel s ess es 220 204 16 1 50 1,280 35,840.00
AR GEAR ere cea ics nk Acate ee © Suede oe . . 18,539 12,938 |5,601 12,714 15,825 |219,974 |7,015, 223.17
Susquehanna County. Forest City mines—Hillside Coal & Iron Company, 290 231 59 215 75 4,167 97,071.19
Norre.—The Manyille breaker is used by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company and Delaware and Hudson Canal Company alternate months, which is the cause of one half breaker being marked to each company on this sheet.
Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines.
boilers, fans, furnaces, kegs of powder used, number tons of coal mined, number of
cite Mine District for the year ending December 31, A. D. 1886.
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44 Reports OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Second Anthracite Coal District.
Synopsis of the report of Inspector H. McDonald for the year ending
December 31, 1886. Number of mines in district,
Compiled by the Bureau:
Number of mines ae from which ases were
gathered, Average working time in dave for fifties seven mines, . Average working time in days for forty-three mines, Persons employed inside of mines, . Persons employed outside of mines, Total number of persons employed, Number of fatal accidents, Number of non-fatal accidents, Persons employed per fatal accident, . Persons employed per non-fatal accident, . Number of tons of coal mined, Number of tons of coal shipped, ios Number of tons increased pieaonon over year 1 1885, Number of tons of coal mined per fatal accident, Number of tons of coal mined per non-fatal accident, Number of kegs of powder used in mines, Number of steam boilers in use, . . Number of horses and mules in service, Number of widows in 1885, 5; in 1886, . . Number of orphans in 1885, 16; in 1886,
oo
Forty-two (42) mine bosses received certificates of service, and 18 received certificates of qualification. There was an increase of 25 fatal and 116 non-fatal accidents over the number reported in 1885.
Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines. 45
Second Anthracite District.
OFFICE OF INSPECTOR OF MINES, Seconp District ANTHRACITE CoAL FIELDS, Pirtston, Pa., Lebruary 19, 1887.
Hon. J. Sorpson Arrica, Secretary of Internal Affairs:
Srr: In accordance with article II, section 7, of the act of June 30, 1885, providing for the health and safety of persons employed in and about the anthracite coal mines, I have the honor of presenting my report for the year 1886.
In the month of September, 1886, Mr. Blewitt, inspector of First district, and myself met to decide on a division of district No. 1 to be transferred to district No. 2, to better equalize the labor of the inspectors of districts No. 1 and No. 2. The following line of division was decided upon: All of Old Forge township, Lackawanna county, and that portion of Lackawanna township south-east of the Lackawanna river,in Lackawanna county, was added to the Second anthracite district. The above was submitted to the board of examiners and the court of Luzerne county, and approved by them September 6, 1886.
The amount of coal mined in 1886 was 4,233,456 tons, an increase of 98,316 tons over the amount mined in 1885, but a decrease of 135,- 734 tons in the same portion of the district that was reported for the Second district in 1885.
The number of fatal accidents was (33) thirty-three, leaving (16) sixteen widows and (38) thirty-eight orphans. The number of nonfatal accidents was (137) one hundred and thirty-seven, but only (96) ninety-six of which were classed as being serious. The report contains tables of fatal and non-fatal accidents, likewise other tables thought to be useful for information.
H. McDONALD, Inspector of Mines, Second District.
46 Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines.
Total Amount of Coal Mined during the Year 1886. Pennsylvania Coal Company, - .% 24 +. S,0b8;elsaD
Delaware and Hudson Canali Company, . 394,411.00 ©
Lehigh Valley Coal Company, . . 837,366.15 Delaware, Lackawanna and Weems ates foe
a TAPE Vaden? bee ee 244,816.00 Butler Coal Tage ae re Be Oe) 176,062.16 Wyoming Valley Coal Company. ea ee ae 210,700.00 Miscellaneous coalcompanies,. 1,810,486.16
Total of all coal companies,. ...% .%... "288,456.07
Name Of Companies.
Number of lives Lost. Coal mined per life lost—tons.
Pennsylvania Coal Company, . ka sk tk ow ee Serre 5 211,922 Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, . 3 131,470 Lehigh Valley Coal Company, cs "aoe 6 139,361 Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, Sra eR 3 81,605 uiilier: Coal Companty,.'..: 2 (4 beet a Bri SP a ee oe 4 44,015 Wyoming Valley Coal COPA BIE, oy Atlee tek os: aie ee Se Oe ees 3 70,223 Miscellaneous coal companies, pet FGIEL, e FS EMS AY ee Se 8 163,810
There was one person killed in sinking shaft not producing coal which is not included in the above table.
Classification of Fatal and Serious Non-fatal Accidents.
ks bs CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS. a ae Ae ® Ove,
D By explosions of carbureted hydrogen gas, 046+. 1 15 iy calls-of-roofand coal ioe. 4 oS ee nw le ee es 17 36 By falling down shafts, ee ee 38 2 By Gare Underground, .. . v2 kor bs. ee ee sk Toe o. 3 21 By explosions of powder and blast) ...6.. 6. ve ey we ewe, Miscollancous eausem InsidG, . 6.6 2.6 eee ts KE De 1 ae Miscellaneons qruses Onteid6, 6a 2h OR a ee 4 6 Total, 5 6 Be bbe ha ee eee oe oe Be soa Sie ee sd 33 96
Number of widows, 16; orphans, 38.
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Ay
w im) 23 q B - b te Pa, Cs} ome) Go ge NAME OF COMPANIES. HO, ae as 2g sr og, im) be n 4A 7 a Penpeyiyania Coal Company, j=§ 6.2 se 6s wees 3,455 193.06 5,498 Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, 999 193.50 2,038 Lehigh Valley Coal Company, 2,920 |a92 284 4,342 Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, : 749 197.95 1,236 rere CL COMIN a ly kk ee ee 594 193.45 910 Wreyoming Valley Goal Company, 8 6... 24. 595 264.65 796 Miscellaneous coal companies, Se ee early ealG2RG0 7,985 ee Ss — SSE a Spgs ee ee ee ee eee eee 13,027 199.72 21,196
Condition of the Mines.
The year 1886 has been more fortunate than the preceding year for fatal accidents, yet I must say the fatality is greater than it ought to be. By referring to the fatal list of accidents it will be seen that one half of the loss of life was due to falls of roof and coal—a danger surrounding the miner at all times when at his daily employment. A great number of the fatal accidents recorded could be avoided by the victims themselves by using more care and less hurry to accomplish their day's work.
The new mine law is having its good effect, as I find that much of the loose manner in which some of the collieries were conducted before is being remedied, and a better system adopted which will have a tendency to reduce the number of accidents in the future.
The ventilation has been improved considerably since my last report in nearly all the mines of this district.
New Collieries Started to Ship Coal in 1886.
The Keystone Coal Company started a new colliery about one mile and a quarter north-east of Mill Creek station, in Plains township, Luzerne county, Pa. There are three openings to this colliery, one a slope and two drifts. The slope is sunk on what is supposed to be the bottom split of the Baltine seam to the depth of 280 feet on a grade of 10 degrees with a sectional area of 77 feet. No.1 drift was opened in the mountain 800 yards east of the slope on the Marcy vein, sectional area, 80 feet. No. 2 drift was opened on the same seam as No. 1 drift, a distance of 700 yards south of the slope, with a sectional area of 80 feet. There was an opening driven from the bottom of the slope with a sectional area of 70 feet, on which a fan, 16 feet in diameter, was placed to ventilate the slope; likewise two openings, one on each side of slope, were driven to the outside from the bottom of the slope for second openings for the men to come out. The drifts are ventilated
48 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINEs.
by natural ventilation by driving openings to the surface. A new breaker was erected to prepare the coal from these openings. Itisa substantial building with first-class machinery. All the dangerous parts are fenced and boxed off. The breaker started to prepare coal in the month of November, 1886. The Pennsylvania Coal Company built a new breaker at Port Griffith, in Jenkins township, to prepare the coal from shafts Nos. 4 and 7, slope No.4 and tunnel No. 1. It is a large breaker and has the latest improved machinery. It has a capacity for cleaning a large amount of coal per day. The breaker started up in November, 1886.
Colliery Improvements During 1886.
The improvements made in the different collieries of this district have been somewhat more extensive this year than last. Some of the collieries are old ones, and have been worked very extensively ; therefore, it has caused the companies to sink to lower veins to get their collieries in condition to maintain the present shipments of coal from them.
Pennsylvania Coal Company.
This company sunk a new shaft, in Old Forge township, Lackawanna county, to the bottom of the Powder Mill vein, a depth of 145 feet, sectional area, 384 feet. It is used to hoist coal, which is taken to the Old Forge breaker for preparation for market. A new inside plane was driven at the bottom of the shaft, 125 feet in length, with a sectional area of 208 feet, and a grade of 124 degrees.
In No. 10 shaft, a new slope was sunk (600) six hundred feet, and driven up a new plane, a distance of (150) one hundred and fifty feet, to maintain the present out-put of coal
No. 14 breaker, situated in Jenkins township, was burned down on the evening of November 18, 1886, with all the surrounding buildings. The breaker was a new one, and started up on August 7, 1886. The fire is supposed to have started in the boiler-room. The night engineer had occasion to go to look after a pump some distance from the boiler-house; when he came back the fire had got such headway that he could not put it out. One of the boilers had a defective sheet next the fire, which sprung a leak, throwing the fire out of the furnace door and setting fire to the building.
Delaware and Hudson Canal Company.
At the Laurel Run colliery, a tunnel was driven from the bottom split of the Baltimore vein to the top split, a distance of 110 feet, to be used to transport coal; sectional area, 70 feet. They are now driving their second opening for the same purpose.
Lehigh Valley Coal Company.
At the Mineral Spring colliery, a tunnel was driven from the bottom
Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines. 49
split of the Baltimore vein to top split, length 90 feet, to be used for transporting coal. Butler Coal Company. At the Mosier colliery, a new shaft was sunk to the Red Ash seam, a distance of 375 feet, sectional area, 120 feet, to be used as a second opening to the Mosier shaft.
Waddell & Walters.
At the Bennett colliery they have extended the old slope in the top split of the Baltimore vein 520 feet.
At the Raubville colliery, the second opening has been completed a distance of 2,000 feet, sectional area, 60 feet, to a drift on the mountain. They have placed a new fan, 16 feet in diameter, in position in the opening, with direct gearing working speed of 45 revolutions per minute. Amount of air exhausted, 50,000 cubic feet per minute. new Pale pump was put in with 8-foot stroke, 14-inch working barrel, also three new steel boilers, 4045 feet, and a pair of first-motion engines with conical drum on their hoisting shaft.
Clear Spring Coal Company.
At the Clear Spring colliery,a new inside slope was sunk in the Pittston vein, a distance of 500 feet, sectional area, 126 feet, with a grade of 10 degrees.
Elliott, McClure & Co.
The Sibly breaker of Elliott & McClure was burned down on the morning of February 6, 1886. They immediately rebuilt, and started their new breaker on July 20, 1886.
State Line and Sullivan Railroad Company.
At the Bernice colliery, Sullivan county, a new shaft was sunk to the vein now working, a distance of 69 feet, sectional area, 120 feet. They are going to place a fan on this shaft for ventilation to take the place of a furnace which does not give satisfaction. A tunnel was driven 604 feet from the bottom seam to top seam for transporting coal.
W.G. Payne & Co.
At the East Boston colliery, a tunnel was driven from the Red Ash to the Ross seam, a distance of 457 feet, sectional area, 84 feet. This tunnel opens a large territory of good coal for this company.
Wyoming Valley Coal Company.
The Forty Fort breaker of this company was burned down in 1885.
The coai was taken to their Harry E breaker, about one mile distant,
until the breaker could be rebuilt, which work was started immediately and finished July 25, 1886.
4 MINEs. 3
50 Reports oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
A list of the Mine Bosses who received Certificates of Service in the Second Anthracite District in 1886, under Article VIII of the Anthracite Mine Law of June 30, 1885. ;
Name. Post- Office Address. William Abbott, . . Pittston, Luzerne county, Pa. Adam Harkness, Do. do. Patrick Kelley, . Kingston, do. William W. Reese, . Parsons, do. Thomas R. Thomas, Do. do. Evan A. Price, . Plains, do. Henry McMillan, . Avoca, do. Thomas Lauther, . Wyoming, do. Michael J. Langan, . Pittston, do. William D. Owens, . Plains, do. Thomas D. Lewis, Do. do. Robert Hislop, Do. do. John F. O'Harra, . Avoca, do. James Martin,. . . Mill Creek, do. Alexander Thompson, . Pittston, do. Joseph J. Jones, . . Plains, do. James A. Bryden, . . Pittston, do. Henry Chapman, . Avoca, do. Ebenezer Lloyd, . . Wyoming, do. William W. Mucklow, . Avoca, do.
Philip McCabe, . Forty Fort, do. Robert McCutchen, . Miners' Mills, do. - Elias Hughes, . . Pittston, do. John M. Lewis, Do. do. William O'Niel, . Do. do. Samuel Bennett, . Do. do. James O'Neil, . Do. do.
James A. Ross, James Watson,
. Bernice, Sullivan county, Pa. . Pittston, Luzerne county, Pa.
John M. Robertson, . Moosic, do. John C. Reily,. . . Wilkes-Barre, do. John Allen, . . Avoca, do. William Reid, . . Pittston, do. Henry Jopling,. . Do. do. Michael M. Welsh, . . Avoca, do. Benjamin Harding, . Pittston, do. John Parry, . . Luzerne boro., do. George Facrick, . . Wilkes-Barre, do. Frank P. Rease, - . Pittston, do. ' Michael J. Lynott, . SONG. do. Richard Appleby, . Wyoming, 'do. Thomas Smiles, . Pittston, do.
Reports oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. 51
A list of Applicants who received Certificates of Qualification in the Second Anthracite District in 1886, under Article VIII of the Anthracite Mine Law of June 30, 1885.
Name. Post-Otice Address. Edward F. Reese, . . . . . Miners' Mills, Luzerne county, Pa. foun F. Reynolds, . .. . . Pittston, do.
Gensins J. Jones, ... . . . Forty Fort, do. Thomas Waddell, Jr., . . . Kingston, do. Whomas Langan, . . . . Avoca, do. Alexander Allen, . Do. do.
Pome Clark, . Pittston, do.
Welson Strawbure,... . . Parsons, do.
Wobert Oliver,. . .. . :. . Avoca, do. Patrick Sweeny,. ... . . Pittston, do. Witham Bryden,. ... .. Do. do. Wiemas M. Martin, . .. . .7' Do. do. Wiliem Woison,.: ... . Deo. do. Thomas Jordan, ... . . . Scranton, Lackawanna county, Pa. Thomas Walker,. . . ... . Inkerman, Luzerne county, Pa. ied Bell, . ... .. . Pittston, do.
William Brown, . ... . . Avoca, do.
john P.Olark,. .. :.. . . Pittston, do.
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Third Anthracite Coal District.
Synopsis of the report of Inspector G. M. Williams for the year ending December 31, 1886. Compiled by the Bureau :
Number of mines in the district,. . . . 57 Number of mines sei he from Tah seaticnine were
pprrered: -. . 3) ¥% ae 57 Average working time, in diapers i lee seven mines, . . 209 Persons employed nds Of MINOs,.. eee ee eal 12,505 Persons employed outside of rinse 5 ais his sree See 6,651 Total number of persons employed, 19,156 Bigaber of fatal accidents,. (2 04" ei {eee ee eee 58 Number of non-fatal accidents,. : . 2 3 ois 247 Persons employed per fatal accident,. :. 330 Persons employed per non-fatalaccident,. 79 Nimher of tons of coal mined, .. 1. 2A ae eee 6,935,315 Number of tons of coal ee re fo ee 6,681,812 Number of tons increased production over year 1885, : SOT OTD Number of tons of coal mined per fatal accident, . .. . 119,401 Number of tons of coal mined per non-fatal accident, . . 28,078 Number of kegs of powder used in mines, 198,942 Number of steam boilers In mse, 9... 4 105 et es 950 Number of horses and mules in service, 1,874 ember On WICOWSs . .-. ov ak ees a he ee Be 32
Mipnher et Ofphaid,s .. uc. ew ak. Ss eee aoe ee 98
There was a decrease of 31 in the number of fatal accidents, and 38 in the number of non-fatal accidents.
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. vl
Third Anthracite District.
OFFICE OF INSPECTOR OF MINEs, Tuirp District ANTHRACITE CoAL FIELD, WILKES-Barre, Pa., February 28, 1886. Honorable J. Stimpson AFRICA, Secretary of Internal Affairs :
Str: I have the honor of presenting herewith my annual report for the year 1886:
It shows that the production of coal during the year was 6,935,315 tons, an increase over the production of 1885 equal to 757,671 tons.
The number of fatal accidents was 58, leaving 82 widows and 98 orphans, a decrease of 40 fatal accidents, 14 widows, and 47 orphans, as compared with those of 1885.
The number of serious non-fatal accidents was 247.
The amount of coal mined per life lost was 119,401 tons, a larger quantity than has ever been mined per life lost in this district before, and though regretting that the proportional number of lives lost was so large, we have cause to rejoice in the decided reduction shown by this year's records. :
The year was remarkably free from disasters, and also from destructive fires, &c. The report contains the usual tables, notes on the condition of the mines, and a brief description of the accidents.
Respectfully yours, G. M. WILLIAMS, / Inspector of Mines.
Total Amount of Coal Mined During the Year 1886.
Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company,. . . . 2,042,870. 55 tons. Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, ... . 964,842. 50 tons. Susquehanna Ooal Company, . . 1,631,860. 10 tons. Kingston CoalCompany, .. 188,543.05 tons. Miscellaneous coalcompanies,. . . 1,557,698. 90 tons.
Total of all coal companies, . . . . . . . 6,935,315.10 tons.
72 Reports oF THE INSPECTORS oF MINEs.
Number of Fatal Accidents and Amount of Coal Produced per Life Lost.
NAMES OF THE COMPANIES Number of Coal mined per
, lives lost. life lost—tons. Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company,. ... . 16 127 ,648 Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, 8 120 ,605 Susquehanna Coal Company, ...,.. 17 95,991 Kingston Coal Company, sss. s sd a ks 4 105 ,506 Miscellaneous coal companies, 10 155,769 PORES. aoe" Kas earn Oe "a rok ee en eae 58 119,401
Number of widows, 32; orphans, 98.
Number of Fatal and Serious Accidents and Amount of Coal Produced per Each Person Injured.
i : Tons coal mined NAMES OF THE COMPANIES. Killed or in-
: per person jured. killed or injured. Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company, 84 24,313 Delaware and Hudson Canal omen Sern cea 60 16,080 Susquehanna Coal Company, 75 21,758 opeston Oosl'Compatiy, . se wae oa 31 23 ,824 Miscellane.-us coal companies, 55 28 321 MBEIBL Vi diwe Vian ig aT ea ee eee ae ee ee 305 22,738
Classification of Fatal and Non-Fatal Accidents.
Pm aD S 52 CAUSE OF ACCIDENTS. S By explosions of carbureted shes he POS... Se wel toot in care ences 4 63 By falls: of roofiand coal... °% fic! Team ei eter esse eet nes het ne 33 63 iby galling down shatta, v0 tue we wel bee, © ena we 1 inv cars UNderstound,.. a ave be WS ee ee eee 7 56 By explosions of po wder and blasts, hs BP eae Oak Bae a ee 4 18 Miscellan6ous:Causes—Imsid@: 2 55 wuss sp ee ew) aye) a) we wn 4 25 Miscellaneous' causes—outside, . 2... eh Pe ee a 6 21 WOES <5. na oy alti cat owe Mata Ree eta), Fee an ae San a) ar are 58 247
In addition to the above number of non-fatal accidents, 48 occurred of a very slight character, which are not included in these tables.
Nationality of Persons Fatally and Seriously Injured.
" a : 3 S o ° : INJURY. 2) 8/81 elfi¢eia & 2 a 2 S 4 S 5 8 5 a o
Killed or fatally injured 6 8 16 12 1 2) 4 1 il 58
Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines. 4033
The average number of persons employed in and about the mines of this district during 1886 was 19,242—152 of which were employed in the mines not producing coal. By reference to the tables, it will be seen that more coal is produced per life lost and also per each person injured in the mines of small companies than in those of the large ones. The reason for this is that the latter's collieries are much more dangerous, having more fire-damp and other dangerous elements to contend with, which cause accidents more frequently.
Condition of the Mines.
During the year 1886, the condition of the mines has remained generally unchanged. Of course, the workings spread and extend over a greater area, as they have done at all times when coal was mined out, but the extension has not been such as to affect their sanitary condition. The quantity of fresh air supplied was generally maintained in its usual volume, which is in most mines much greater than the minimum quantity required by the law. The minimum volume required is 200 cubic feet per minute to each person employed in the mine, and in mines not generating noxious and explosive gases in extraordinarily large quantity, this is sufficient air to maintain a healthy atmosphere, especially if the number of men employed in a current is sufficient to require a volume which would travel at a speed effective in conveying the smoke away. We know that the aircurrent should travel at a rate fast enough to convey the powder smoke away quickly, so as to prevent it clouding the atmosphere. It is found better to have a large current, traveling ata speed of from two to three hundred feet per minute, with a larger number of persons working therein, than to have a slow, sluggish current, even with only afew menin. The object of having a good, effective speed is to have the smoke of each blast conveyed away and diffused quickly. It does not make any perceptible difference if the blasts are firéd more frequently, when the effect of one is conveyed away before another is fired. Owing to this, there should be a limit to splitting the air currents, and they never should be divided into volumes too small to be effective in conveying away and diffusing the smoke. In thick veins, where the air-ways are very large, and consequently the air is traveling slowly, it is better to employ from seventy to seventy-five persons therein in each split and have the volume of air proportionately larger to make its speed effective. If men who have charge of mines were educated properly to understand the laws governing ventilation of mines thoroughly, it would be better to leave the question of the number of persons employed in each split to their discretion, but as'a large proportion of them do not understand that matter thoroughly, it is well that the law has limited the highest number to
74 Reports OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
seventy-five. This is low enough to ensure a healthy condition of the air which the said number would have to respire, and at the same time the volume required by law would have sufficient speed or velocity to sweep the smoke away in a short time after it is produced.
The volume of air in the Boston mine became insufficient, and the company erected a new fan at the No. 3 shaft to remedy this. This change was effective and produced satisfactory results.
In the Nos. 2 and 8 shafts of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, at Plymouth, the air currents were divided into a larger number of splits, and the change has proved very beneficial. Both mines are now in conformity with the requirements of the law, having limited the number of persons employed in each split below seventy-five.
At the Nottingham mine of the Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company, at Plymouth, the quantity of air was approaching the minimum allowed .by law, and too many persons were placed to work in some of the splits. On December 13, the inspector requested the foreman to make preparations to increase the quantity of air and reduce the number of persons employed in each split to the lawful number. The company at once concluded to sink a new air-shaft, to provide an additional intake and upcast, upon which a fan will be placed as soon as the shaft can be completed.
The foremen of the Lance and Reynolds collieries were also notified that too many persons were employed in some of the air-currents, and they were distributed properly in a few days thereafter.
In the No.1 shaft, Nanticoke, there were more than the lawful number of persons employed in the " main west gangway split," and after receiving a letter from the inspector, requesting compliance with the law, it was immediately complied with by adding another split of air.
In' many instances, the provisions of the law are overlooked. until the inspector requests compliance. In underground slopes, and particularly where the pitch is small, the second openings are frequently not effected or driven until the inspector pushes the matter. There were several instances during the year under consideration where the inspector had to request such work to be done; but generally, upon requesting, the work is promptly started and pushed to completion.
I find that the operators are generally disposed to have their collieries worked in such a manner that the inspector will have nothing to say, but the foremen have a tendency to delay costly preparations in cases where no imminent danger is threatened, and where the law is not strictly complied with I find that the fault generally lies with the foreman. Naturally, he desires to make the business of his employer as profitable as he can, and sometimes he is tempted to economize unwisely by aiming to do that.
Automatic speed recorders have been attached to a number of the fans on the gaseous mines, and they are working very satisfactorily,
REpoRTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. q5
The mine foremen praise them highly, and invariably say that a remarkable improvement is noticed in the ventilation of the mines, especially at night, because the fans are more closely watched. This instrument has revealed the fact that the fan does not run at unchangeable speed, even during the daytime, when assiduously watched. The speed varies frequently a few revolutions per minute, according to the quantity of steam used by the hoisting and pumping engines. It is evident that an improvement could be effected by attaching governors to fan-engines, so as to regulate the opening of the steam valves. A steady, invariable speed in fans is very desirable, and any measure which would effect that would be a valuable acquisition.
The only instrument used in this district is the ''Scharar Speed Recorder," and it is being put on the fans as rapidly as it can be procured.
The provisions of the law regarding the furnishing of props and timbers for the mines is generally complied with, or at least the inspector does not know of any instance where it is not complied with in this district. This was a wise and beneficial provision, because it has relieved the miner of a disagreeable and unhealthy work. To cut props outside, after working all day in the mine, and when his clothing was damp from perspiration, exposed him to much danger from cold, and many who had to do that suffered more on account of this exposure than from their work in the mines. Now the companies employ men for special work, who are not subject to the extreme changes of temperature which the miner was exposed to when he had to do that work, and it has certainly proved both beneficial and pleasing to those who had to cut timber prior to the enactment of the present law.
Examination of Applicants for Mine Foremen's Certificates.
As provided in Article VIII of the act of June 30, 1885, entitled "An act to provide for the health and safety of persons employed in and about the anthracite coal mines of Pennsylvania, and for the protection and preservation of property connected therewith," an examination of applicants for certificates of service and for certificates of qualification for the Third district was held at the court-house in Wilkes-Barre, beginning May 25, 1886.
The examiners were G. M. Williams, inspector, Third district, Wilkes- Barre, Pa.; Charles Conyngham, operator, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., and James Fisher, miner, Nanticoke, Pa.
The following mine foremen were recommended as entitled to receive certificates of service :
William M. Thomas, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
Edward Hahn, Plymouth, Pa.
Morgan R. Morgans, Plymouth, Pa.
Thomas H. Jones, Nanticoke, Pa.
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS oF MINES.
Daniel Lewis, Sugar Notch, Pa.
Caleb Shonk, Plymouth, Pa.
Joseph M. Steever, Plymouth, Pa. Gwilym Edwards, Kingston, Pa. William H. Hosking, Sugar Notch, Pa. William Samuel, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Thomas Samuel, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Nicholas Rapson, Wanamie, Pa. Gwilym P. Evans, Kingston, Pa. James B. Davies, Plymouth, Pa. John B. Davies, Plymouth, Pa.
John OC. Jones, Warrior Run, Pa. Richard B. Watkins, Kingston, Pa. Morgan D. Rosser, Kingston, Pa. William H. Bray, Alden, Pa.
Thomas W. Morgan, Sugar Notch, Pa. Thomas R. Evans, Plymouth, Pa. Lewis S. Jones, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Robert C. Meyer, Plymouth, Pa. David R. Morgan, Warrior Run, Pa. John C. Williams, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Thomas J. Phillips, Plymouth, Pa. Job Hablett, Plymouth, Pa.
William Armstrong, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Rees W. Morgan, Plymouth, Pa. Daniel L. Lewis, Kingston, Pa. (Died since.) David McDonald, Parsons, Pa. Joseph B. Shearn, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Anthony Guard, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Lemuel Smith, Shickshinny, Pa. John D. Walters, Plymouth, Pa. Daniel W. Evans, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. James Shepherd, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. David Jonathan, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Lewis Morgan, Nanticoke, Pa.
W. James M. Turner, Nanticoke, Pa. Worthy Carver, West Nanticoke, Pa. Joseph Warne, Nanticoke, Pa. Michael H. Corgan, Nanticoke, Pa. David R. Roberts, Ashley, Pa. Richard Lloyd, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Joseph G. Weir, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Thomas R. Williams, Morgantown, Pa. William Pugh, Kingston, Pa.
John G. Jones, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
NN eee eee eS lee
REpPoRTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Sap
Buckley Allebach, Plymouth, Pa.
George Picton, Plymouth, Pa.
A total number of fifty-one, and all are in positions as mine foremen.
The number recommended for certificates of qualification was twentythree, out of thirty-seven applicants. Their names are as follows:
*David D. Jones, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
James D. James, Plymouth, Pa,
*Zachariah T. Kreiger, Plymouth, Pa.
Joshua Golightly, Plymouth, Pa.
William Allen, Sugar Notch, Pa.
*ITago Jones, Sugar Notch, Pa.
William H. Hosking, Jr., Sugar Notch, Pa.
John L. Griffiths, Nanticoke, Pa.
*William A. Thomas, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
*Robert Magee, Nanticoke, Pa.
*John S. Armstrong, Kingston, Pa.
John F. Jones, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
William T. Morgan, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
Llewelyn Morgan, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
David C. Powell, Kingston, Pa.
David Griffiths, Nanticoke, Pa.
David S. Isaacs, Plymouth, Pa.
Moses D. Evans, Kingston, Pa.
Job Thomas, Nanticoke, Pa.
Edward Williams, Peely, Luzerne county, Pa.
*David W. Evans, Nanticoke, Pa.
*Lewis L. Sarge, Miner's Mills, Pa.
*Evan P. Davies, Hyde Park, Scranton, Pa.
Prosecution for Violation of the Mine Laws.
On the third day of December, 1884, John Novitzky was sued for violation of the mine laws, and on the tenth of January, 1885, he was indicted by the grand jury on the same charge. The case was postponed, from one term of court to the other, until June 28, 1886, when it was tried, the verdict being, ''The defendant not guilty, but to pay the costs."
The inspector entered this suit after being advised to do so by the district attorney, intending that it should be tried promptly ; but, despite all his efforts to that effect, it was postponed from one term to another for a year and a half, and the effect intended to produce was entirely lost through the long and tedious delay.
*Those having a star affixed are in positions as mine foremen, having been engaged as such since, or a short time prior to, receiving their certificates,
78 . Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines.
Colliery Improvements During 1886.
The desire for improvement was not very active during the year 1886. The demand for coal and the price received for it were not such
_as would encourage expensive outlays to obtain it. The improvements
, therefore, were confined aeny" to what was necessary to maintain the existing production.
Susquehanna Coal Company.
At the No. 1 deep shaft of this company a new fan was erected, twenty-five teet diameter, and of the Guibal pattern. This was found necessary to ventilate the workings of the red ash seam, which are becoming extensive and require a large volume of air.
In the George seam of the same shaft a slope is being sunk to rod the coal lying below the shaft gangway. The hoisting engine will be located on the surface and the rope passed down through a borehole already made for that purpose.
At the Newport shaft a second opening was effected for the upper seam, and another is being driven for the lower seam. The second openings for the tunnel seams and also for the slope were completed.
Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company.
The new shaft which is being sunk by this company at South Wilkes- Barre, and which is named Tillinghast shaft, was at a depth of eight hundred feet at the close of the year, having passed the Hillman vein a short distance. It is a large shaft, fifty-two by twelve feet, and located a short distance south-west of the old South Wilkes-Barre shaft; was started in 1884, and operations have been going on continually since.
At the Nottingham colliery a new shaft was started for the purpose of improving the ventilation. It will be divided into two compartments, one an upcast and the other a downcast. It will be used chiefly to ventilate the workings of the Ross vein, which are now spreading — extensively.
At the Hollenback colliery an underground slope was completed.
The hoisting engine is located on the surface and the rope passed down
through a bore-hole. It works admirably. Signals are given by elec- — tric bells, and conversation between the engineer and inside men effected by telephone.
Delaware and Hudson Canal Company.
Work is continued in the Baltimore shaft of this company, driving passages toward the No. 2 Baltimore shaft. The latter was standing idle until the close of the year, having been stopped upon sinking it to the rock. It was walled with a thick, cement-laid stone from the rock to the surface, and was left to stand idle for several months after, but preparations are being made now to complete its sinking.
At the No. 8 colliery, at Plymouth, a new fan, eighteen feet diam- —
Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines. 19
eter, was erected to ventilate the Boston mine, and it proved a very - satisfactory appliance by increasing the ventilation to the desired ex- i tent.
Kingston Coal Company.
At the No. 1 shaft the endless-rope system of haulage was introduced, and it works well. I am informed also that the same system is contemplated to supersede a locomotive at the Gaylord mine, and ' that it will be adopted at each of this company's collieries at Edwardsville.
The new breaker at the No. 4 shaft laid idle throughout the year, but the main openings of the mine were driven and have opened a large territory ready for breast-work.
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Company.
The Woodward shaft of this company is in progress of preparation for mining coal. Pumps are being put in place, and also the shaft cages. The breaker is also in course of erection, and it promises to be one of the largest producers in this region. At the Avondale mine anew fan, sixteen feet diameter, was placed on the new air-shaft. It works well, and is reported to exhaust 105,000 cubic feet of air per minute, under a ventilating pressure of eight tenths of an inch water gauge. To produce this pressure, it is running at a speed of eightyfive revolutions per minute.
Accidents in 1886.
The number of accidents causing injuries to workmen are still very frequent, but the number was less in 1886 than it was in each of the past five years, and we have good reasons to hope that the number will still be reduced in the future.
If the workmen, and especially the boys who are employed to drive and run cars, could be induced to exercise more care, the number of accidents could be greatly reduced. The rigid requirements of the new mine law were, no doubt, instrumental in bringing the number of accidents for 1886 down below its usual figure, and a more stringent enforcement of the rules laid down in that law would perhaps result in a further improvement.
There are serious disadvantages to a reduction in the list of accidents. The number of persons employed and the amount of coal produced increase every year, and if the number of accidents does not increase in the same proportion, a decided improvement is effected. And when we consider that the dangers of coal mining increase daily with the extension of the workings and the increase of depth in each mine, a non-increase in the list of accidents would be very gratifying, as well as an indication of improvement in the system of mining. The total number of serious accidents during the year 1886 was three hun-
80 Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines.
dred and four, fifty-eight of which proved fatal. The fatal ones, all except six, are described in the list of accidents comprising Table No. 4 of this report, and a description of these six is here given.
AccipENT No. 27.—George Scott, a fireman, was fatally scalded by a boiler explosion at the No. 3 colliery of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, Plymouth township, July 8, 1886, and died therefrom the same evening. There were twelve boilers, located in nests of three, side by side, at this colliery. At about fifteen minutes to three o'clock, p. M., the deceased closed the valve to stop the steam-blower, and put the injector in motion to force water into the boilers, and in a few seconds after one of the boilers exploded with terrific force, tearing the boiler house into fragments, and throwing all the other boilers out of their position—five of them several yards away. Scott was found lying: in a chute, about twenty feet from where the front ends of the boilers were while in position, and he was scalded several y Everything that could be done to relieve his pains was instantly applied, but he died that evening.
The boilers had been erected about seventeen years ago, but for five
years they had not been used, the colliery having been idle. The iron of the fractured boiler was fully one quarter inch thick, of good quality, and it was evident that the explosion occurred in consequence of some abuse. Experts stated they believed, from the appearance of the fractured iron, that cold water, injected while the boiler plates were too hot, caused the explosion, but the engineer stated that the water was at the usual height in the boilers when the injector was set in motion, and if that was so, the boilers could not have been too hot. The engineer had not tested it himself, but the fireman had told him so a few minutes before the explosion. However, the circumstances showed evident signs that the boilers had suffered abuse, and that the explosion was not the result of their unsafe condition.
Accipents Nos. 36 anp 37.—Lewis R. Richards, a mason, and Griffifth R. Thomas, a company laborer, were both instantly killed in the Dodson mine, Plymouth Coal Company, on August 7, 1886, in the following manner: On Thursday morning, August 5, a fall of rock came on the gangway at the intersection of an old breast from a lift below. This was nearly all cleared away during Thursday and Friday and Saturday morning. Richards and Thomas were sent to help. There were four or five persons working there besides them. The two named went to work, throwing rock down the old breast, and were standing a distance of three or four feet from the side of the counter gangway, when suddenly a large fall of rock came upon them and buried them underneath. Daniel Edwards, who was standing near by, had a very narrow escape. Seeing the roof sinking, he instantly jumped and barely saved himself. They had sounded the roof a short time before it fell, and concluded that it was safe, but the thickness and extent of
ip el Si ati ci le ae
Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines. 81
the loose rock was such that its sound deceived them. It was twentytwo inches thick, eight by nine feet area, and cut on three sides by unseen seams. ;
AccripENTS Nos. 44, 45, anp 46.—Thomas Clement, a miner, Adam Zeperko and Wadick Ginofski, laborers, were severely burned by an explosion of gas in the No.1 slope of the Susquehanna Coal Company, at Nanticoke, October 12,1886. Clement died the following morning, Zeperko died October 22, and Ginofski October 31. John Zeperko, another miner, was painfully burned at the same time, but he recovered in afew weeks. These men were working together, driving a counter gangway across breasts in the Twin vein, and its face had passed the third breast from where it started. Soon after going to work on the morning of October 12, Clement was in the fourth breast, a few feet above the line of the gangway, preparing to stand props, when gas ignited from his lamp, followed by an explosion. There was a large quantity of gas, for it ignited at a point fifty feet down from the face of the breast. These series of breasts had finished working, and had not been examined that morning. The fire-boss had been at the point where it fired, but had not gone to the face, taking it to be safe because he found the air passing as usual. The law does not require abandoned workings to be examined oftener than once per week, but there are cases frequently where an examination should be made daily, and this was evidently one of such cases. The inspector requested that it should be done after this accident took place. He did not know the circumstances until his attention was called to them by this accident, but the foreman and fire-bosses, who direct the work, knew of these places, and they should have exercised the necessary care. If the fire-boss had done what was plainly evident should have been done, this accident would have been easily averted.
AccipENT No. 53.—Thomas O'Brien, a miner, was fatally burned by an explosion of gas in the Conyngham shaft, Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, at Wilkes-Barre, November 26, 1886, and died November 28. Thirty-one other persons were painfully burned, and perhaps a dozen more very slightly injured by the same explosion.
The fact that so many persons were burned at once created some excitement and much criticism, and in this the prejudice of some people became painfully evident.
The workmen descended the Conyngham shaft on the 26th of November before seven o'clock A. M., and because the water was full in the sump and threatened to cover the tracks at the foot of the shaft, they waited there, thinking that when the foremen would say something in the matter they would decide to stop working.
At about five minutes after seven o'clock the deceased, Thomas O'Brien, followed by Cornelius Boyle, without consent from the Officers, left their fellow-workmen and went in to the west air-way to 6 MINEs.
82 ReEpoRTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
the entrance of the sump. O'Brien went in first, and was in a stooping position, when Boyle followed him in through the door, having his lamp on his head, and instantly gas, which had accumulated in the sump above the water, exploded. The flame, extending out to where the waiting workmen were assembled, burned the largest number more or less, according to their positions. Those who were on their feet, on the lower side of the gangway, were burned most severely, but the larger number were only slightly burned, and were at work again in about a week thereafter.
The cause of gas accumulating at that point was that on Thanksgiving day the steam pipe on the boilers had to be repaired, and this caused the pump to stop for about six hours. During that time water was accumulating in the sump. It being a very wet season, the pump, after being started, failed to lower the water below the roof before the next morning, when the explosion occurred. No air could pass through the sump while a portion was filled to the roof with water, consequently the gas, evolving rapidly from the solid strata below, accumulated in the portion not filled with water.
At about four o'clock, the morning of the 26th, the fire-boss examined this place and discovered the gas. He renewed a dangermark, which had been placed at the entrance of the passage leading to the air-way, somewhere about eighty feet outside of where the edge of the gas was found. Before work was started, the two persons named went in over the boards which had been fixed across the entrance, with danger-marks on, and then through the door, which was covered with danger-marks, and on to the mouth of the sump, where their lamps fired the gas. In my experience with mines for a period of thirty-three years, I never saw or heard of a more reckless act than was committed by these men. Every miner knows that it is not safe to enter abandoned workings at any time, unless they are previously examined, and ascertained to be safe. But here, when all knew that the water was full in the sump, and that it was impossible for the air current to pass through to ventilate it, they walked deliberately over the danger-marks, into the very seat of danger, and exploded the gas. In doing this, they went a distance of at least three hundred feet off the course where any miner needed to go in order to reach his working place, and td a place where no one thought a person would attempt to go, even if no danger-signals were put up.
A map of a section of the workings is herewith appended, a perusal of which will assist in understanding the circumstances of the accident. All the workings west of the man-way E were finished and abandoned, and no one needed to go farther than that point to his work. When the sump became blocked at H, the air current reversed, passing in through the openings above, and on side of the door at B, and in through the west air-way; but this could not ventilate the
Reports OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. 83
sump, and, consequently, the gas accumulated out to the intersection of the air-way at B. O'Brien and Boyle passed in over the dangerboards at A, and in through the door to the point B, and fired the gas. If they had not done this, nothing could have happened, because, as soon as the water in the sump would be lowered below the roof, the gas would be conveyed directly to the upcast. The quantity of gas was not very large, as is shown by the extent of damage done, which, if it had not burned the men, would have been very slight.
It is impossible to keep mines, in which fire-damp is evolved freely, in a perfect state of safety from this dangerous element, and when a small quantity unavoidably exists, and proper signs to indicate its presence, or to indicate danger, are placed across the entrances to such places, men should have sense enough to keep out. When they do act so recklessly as to go into such places, where they have no business to go, they, and they alone, should bear the odium of the result, and should not, in any case, be exonerated from blame. But in this case a coroner and a jury, which were biased and prejudiced, evidently considering these men irresponsible, like mules, laid the blame on the company and censured the inspector. The gas accumulated, because the sump was too full of water; this was a result of stopping the pump on Thanksgiving day. At four o'clock the next morning the fire-boss first discovered the gas, and at five minutes after seven it was fired. The inspector knew nothing of its existence, nor that . it was possible or lable to accumulate there, and the officials of the mine had not had time to do anything. Had they expected that these persons would have gone where they did, they could, and would undoubtedly, have watched and prevented them, and this would have been the only rational way of averting this direful accident.
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Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines.
Fourth Anthracite Coal District.
Synopsis of the report of Inspector James KE. Roderick for the year
ending December 31, 1886. Compiled by the Bureau.
Number of mines in district, as located,
Number of mines operated from which statistics were
gathered, Average each time in ae is fifi nine mines, Persons employed inside of mines, . Persons employed outside of mines, Total number otf persons employed, Number of fatal accidents, Number of non-fatal accidents, Persons employed per fatal accident, Persons employed per non-fatal accident, Number of tons of coal mined, Number of tons of coal oc : Number of tons increased Sega over year 1885, (decrease, ) Number of tons of aga ave per ial ene Number of tons of coal mined per non-fatal eden Number of kegs of powder used in mines, Number of steam boilers in use, Number of horses and mules in service, Number of widows, Number of orphans,
There was a decrease of seven in the number of fatal accidents and
a decrease of thirty-four in the number of non-fatal accidents. Sixtythree persons received certificates of service, and fourteen certificates
of qualification as mine-bosses.
110 Reports oF THE INSEcPToRS oF MINEs.
Fourth Anthracite District:
Honorasie J. Srmpson AFRICA, Secretary of Internal Affairs:
Sir: In accordance with the requirements of section seven of article two of the act of Assembly, entitled '" An Act to provide for the health and safety of persons employed in and about the Anthracite Coal Mines of Pennsylvania, and for the protection and preservation of property connected therewith," I have the honor to submit for your perusal my sixth annual report.
I have carefully prepared tables enumerating all the accidents in and about the mines of this district, marking in tabular form all accidents resulting in death and injuries to persons employed, and have also endeavored to set forth the results of my labor generally.
The total number of accidents reported in this district for the past year was one hundred and fifty-nine, through which thirty-five persons lost their lives, causing seventeen widows and forty-one orphans to mourn for husbands and fathers.
I am happy to state that a reduction of about twenty per centum has been made in the number of accidents as compared with the previous year. s
The total production of this district during the year 1886 was 5,333,518 tons, a decrease of 202,025 tons as compared with the year 1885. The immediate cause of this decrease was the stoppage of work at Ebervale and Harleigh collieries, on account of the drowning out in January, 1886. .
The average number of days worked was two hundred and twentyone, an increase of thirteen days over the previous year.
For every fatal accident in this district, 152,386 tons of coal were produced, which is the best showing for the last six years.
If we computed the number of tons of materials hoisted to the surface, we could say that over 200,000 tons were produced in this district for each life lost.
I have again called attention to the great need of a hospital at Hazleton, and have also referred to the '" Beneficial F und" of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company at Lansford.
Respectfully submitted by JAMES E. RODERICK,
Inspector of Coal Mines. Hazieron, Pa., March 5, 1887.
Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines.
NUMBER OF EMPLOYES, with the average number of tons mined per employé
during 1886.
S q o 24 z sg ey 2 ; Sg 2.5 4 ie a) tH O oy a Fe : oe E cE
A ema RAMMED a vs 8s. Go cy nisl 2 Ute m ieeierce Sas 81 wee A 1,648 329.7 Prem per MOG eg Gk 5 fe wk ke PED CN Gos ee UG Glmaine. 3,001 396 .8 Kebien Ooaland Navization Company,.. 2s+ssss 1,792 352.4 Permian, mercer a CO, 2b ew eC 8 eh le 1,025 386.9 Meme GOO., 4 se ee ew ee es Si). ees es 980 511.2 per manish Comal OMIA, 08) iw ee ke ee 686 561.3 Mie Nee te LE Riads CL EN OREN N asia cil id weed cn hikes Mele, Yates Ge, Qa GS Gah wa, eT 558 857.7 ACO SONS Orn), cuore. ue (St i dar anos eee oh op oe enue wate 526 479.1 ue C12 0 a a a ee ee 484 368.4 Sse MNCOOUIS COUN DATION, oo ae ks he oe Bee Fs es Mew Sw ea 2.820 MGA Strip pine and Other WOrk, 6. 6 6 8 ba Ke ew 530 361.5 PROVE E RUC RY OUAOGs ace ke dos om hy ke es Me ee whee Ny 14,140 377.2
TABLE OF COMPARISON, showing the number of fatal accidents per thousand persons employed in and about the mines of the Fourth District for the years
rs ay
S D
et é E
S 5 Bie
YBAR. on iy 3
& o SES
g Z
4 A mS 1881, ' i hg a é 11,386 47 242. 25 Reems Sane oi) a te ae Sn cake Wady wa oe 12,298 40 807.45 TEE: Sa gear eo eg ' 13,598 38 357. 84 pO TEM igs 5.6 STE ana abs 14,299 40 357.47 Si Se ne a er 14,224 42 338. 66 WAS oe eae oe Oe a 14,140 35 404. 00
COMET ER Gy oil ep fie. Ve la a 13,324 40.3 330.6
Number of deaths per thousand employed.
119 REpPoRTS OF THE INSPECTORS oF MINEs.
TABLE OF COMPARISON showing the different causes of fatal accidents in the Fourth District, for the years 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, and 1886.
Years.
Explosion of carbureted hydrogen gas, 3 1 1 1 By falls of cecal, roof, and sides, . . 24 24 18 10 19 13 By cars, inside and outside,. 11 & 17 8 5 By premature blasts, . 1 1 1 3 3 2 By machinery, inside and outside, 4 iL 2 2 3 il By boiler explosions, 3 1 Miscellaneous, inside and outside, . : 4 5 6 8 5 12
Rial je ce ahs Ge 4
TABLE A—Exhibits the number of deaths in each classof employés inside and outside of the mines, and the causes thereof, for the year 1886.
oe : ' CAUSES OF DEATHS—INSIDE OF MINES. led Se lee Ses S iseieela 2] eo ee Cale Of ADE RISERS 6 a eso Same ae, hoe iW 1 12 PEN VEDUATIVGL GATS yg oes oh ota lea cat Rata — 2 2 if it it 7 iy promatore blmsis, 2. s8 8 es ee 8s 2 2 Py ORO OF PAS, ac ss las we ee i iL Miscellaneous causes, fe a oe 2 1 3 ROUAUS gc, euage ht lblps ok Bl (a) co Rams Ocal cael 18 4 1 1 1 25 gleeé Causes of Deaths—Outside of Mines. 3 22 a BSS AG SHIDO DINGS. "Sos, f sug s ele koe foe eee 2 4 Bisse. at. Strippiige, awe aye ew ee ee z 2 By cars, Be an aca! ca, OMEN TS "wets tetketie eer Mora ieargea 2 2 By boiler explosion, ie eS eget Ae Sie & ere 1 1 Miscelllanéous GaUses, <li 6 6.2 es oe ee 2 i 3
a
REPORTS OF THE INspecToRS OF MINES. 1138
TABLE B—Gives the total number of each class of employé3, the number of deaths in each class, and the ratio of each classemployed per life lost inside and outside the mines during the year 1886.
Classes Of Employes Inside Of The Mines.
Number of each class employed Number of deaths in each class Ratio employed per death.
UN PE NRE) eee fer. ee oe gee le Guael 8,003 18 166.8 miners' laborers, ek fa re aa Parma 1,716 4 429 Pearmnetry WOLCTM, 5 6 62 6 we kee kw 1,617 1 Lo17 urwen eats TUMORS, 5 6 6 ke ee ke 682 1 682 IGGIARGISMONN YF ye 2c fh es ee ere ee ee ee ee 332 1 332 BIEPU IEICE VON, ow 6 ns 4 ow Bm ke a 8 Coe Bi lad (py em, SEH eee cee TS ae a re ae er 7,405 25 296. 2 Classes of Employés Outside of the Mines. Re EEC eee Sg ag on 6 ala, fa SMa "os 8) ak Cw ek 2,183 8 273 EM Sr gee ae Se wa et 2,596 1 2,596 MeCGR OG POMC, £6 wt 531 1 531 Oe CTONOUIOG, ks ek te et (BE 7 ee anes Re Oe ee he Se 6,735 10 673.5
TABLE ©C—Giyes the total number of each class of employés, the number of injuries in each class, and the ratio of each class employed per injury inside and outside of the mines during the year 1886.
in
: fs, a ae 3 eS 58 ae CLASSES OF EMPLOYES INSIDE OF THE MINES. pa fee) He a5 os 3 Shp el S ha 3 Oo on se] Qo o™ E z 5 Ss 4 A eat UMNO PS Mis a Oy, haere a i ev! 3,003 50 60 SURREAL eo) gma hp 5 es iW 8 oe Se en ees 1,716 19 90 PsA RROOKOM voy + wo se ek eR ee es 1,617 18 80 MPUVORS MINCE MUMAMICTS, . cy 2 et ee ke ee kw 682 14 49 PRM aE TIGLDOKE, 60s et we 332 7 47 Burin OmIQhOWES, ee ABD he. neal a Fe, ee MVEHI—AVGIGCO, 5 ec cet pt he ee ee 7,405 108 68.5 Classes of Hmployés Outside of the Mines. Oe Ucar oe ee re 2,183 14 156 Ee ek a hee OD ee A sw 2,599 2 1,298 Ten COMMIS, co os wy ee ewe a we 1,956 . re eae a URE. ety Lg.) 66. we Roe ak pha we 6,735 16 421
114 ReEpoRTS OF THE INSPECTORS oF MINES.
TABLE OF COMPARISON, giving the nature and the numbar of non-fatal accidents for the years 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886.
Nature Of Accidents.
Total for six years, 526 31 7 15
q ie ae ae ? YEARS. eee a oe ae ee ® z Ss m PSI Pa q 5 as o 5 s 5 2 S 290 a o 3 3) S 4 © fa te Le a Rea ; OH a Ro} ei St SS mn n iS: S m nm 42) z co 4318 hee Bea 1) rane eps Keo 57 5 '4 caress 8 88 1882, ry ree ae 97 2 1 Bae 19 4 7 6 136 1883, Mae 99 if 1 : 26 4 8 8 153 ROR Saga ko de ae 8, Le a 131 3 1 9 33 9 14 17 217 1885, ip aha Sees thea a ey 76 6 4 3 40 7 16 4 158 TSSOsr aes. aie —oh folate 66 6 2 27 4 14 5 124
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116 Reports oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
The general condition of the mines in regard to health and safety of the persons employed has been greatly improved, and I am happy to state that the mines of this district, in general, are in good condition.
The ventilation and drainage received more intelligent attention from the mine foremen during the year 1886 than during any previous year since 1881, when I entered upon my duties asinspector of mines.
The timbering and propping have also been attended to with system and regularity, so that not a single life was lost in this district during the past year through the neglect of standing props and timbers.
The law that compels the operators to take props and timbers into, or as near as practicable to the working places, has produced good and lasting results, as it leaves no excuse for the miner to be without the necessary props and timbers, if he is careful in ordering them in time. As far as I know, all the companies in this district have complied with the law in that respect, or have done so wherever requested by the men.
We have a large amount of "robbing" done in some of the old mines, those that were partly abandoned fifteen and twenty years ago. These places are indeed dangerous, and need the vigilant attention of the mine foreman, and constant care and watchfulness on the part of the miner. Through the vigilance of the foremen and the care of the miners, there was not a life lost while robbing pillars.
I think that much of these general good results issue to the efficiency of the new mine law, which is undoubtedly a great improvement over the mine law of 1870, a proof of which is that a general reduction of about fifteen per cent. has been made in the accidents of the anthracite region during the year 1886.
Some of the men are always blaming the foremen and inspectors for the accidents in and about the mines, but the intelligent and thoughtful workman is aware that the responsibilities of about twothirds of the accidents are to be found elsewhere, with the victims themselves. ;
In conclusion, I will say, from actual knowledge, that if the miners in general would take the proper care of themselves and laborers—in short, if the employés inside and outside the mines would take ordinary care of themselves, the accidents would be greatly reduced.
Arbitration.
The partial drowning out of the Harleigh and Ebervale mines, in the early part of January, brought the strength of the barrier pillar between Ebervale and Oak Dale into question. The maps showed a pillar of about eighty feet, but maps are not always reliable, especially in years after the surveysare made, as pillars may crumble, or interested parties may take a "'ships" off either or both sides of the pillars.
With these uncertainties in my mind, I called on Mr. John Markle, the superintendent for G. B. Markle & Co., whostated that to the best
Reports oF THE INSPECTORS oF MINES. y es
of his knowledge and belief there were about eighty feet of barrier pillar between Oak Dale, No. 1, and Ebervale. I suggested a way of determining the thickness of the pillar beyond a doubt, and as the water was rising fast in Ebervale, I was a little anxious, as on the strength of this barrier pillar depended the lives of scores of employés at Oak Dale, Nos.1 and 2. On the 28today of January I wrote
Mr John Markle an official letter on the question, to which he replied
as follows:
JEDDO, Pa., January 30, 1886. Mr. James E. Ropericr, Inspector of Coal Mines : Dear Sir: In reply to your notice, dated January 28, 1886, that the rise of water in Ebervale mine endangers the pillar between
Ebervale and Oak Dale mines, I have to say that we wish to refer the
question of the sufficiency of said pillar to arbitration as suggested, by you, and name as arbitrator on the part of the lessees of Oak Dale
mines, Mr. Fred. Mercur, of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. I shall be obliged if you will name an arbitrator at once, so a speedy decision may be reached. Yours truly, JOHN MARKLE, Superintendent.
On the 31st day of January, I complied with Mr. Markle's request, by naming Mr. E. L. Bullock, of Beaver Brook, as arbitrator to represent the mine inspector. These two arbitrators, Messrs. Mercur and Bullock, met and named Hon. E. B. Coxe, of Drifton, as the third arbitrator or referee. The following report will speak for itself :
The arbitrators selected to consider the question as to whether the pillar between the Ebervale and Jeddo collieries was sufficiently strong
to allow the work to be carried on in the Jeddo mines with safety to
the men, met at Jeddo on Thursday, February 4, at the office of G. B. Markle & Co. In addition to the arbitrators selected, there were present Mr. Roderick, the mine inspector; Mr. T. D. Jones, superintendent at Ebervale; Mr. John Markle, superintendent at Jeddo; Mr. Heber S. Thompson, the mining engineer of the Girard estate; Mr. Frank G. Clemens, the assistant mining engineer of the Lehigh Valley Coal Company; Mr. James A. Chase, the draughtsman of Mr. T. S. MeNair; Mr. G. S. Patterson, the mining engineer of Messrs. G. B. Markle & Co., and others familiar with the locality. The arbitrators
first investigated the facts of the case, which were found to be as follows
: First. The tracing hereto annexed represents, in their judgment, the true condition of the pillar between Jeddo and Ebervale. They
base their opinion upon the testimony of Mr. Chase as to the surveys Pain Ge NA Alans an tha Dhaorcalo aioe all at whinh ware elncad ana
118 Reports oF THE INspecToRS oF Mrngs.
controlled as far as they are important in the question at issue, and upon the testimony of Mr. Patterson, as to the surveys on the Jeddo side, which were all controlled and closed, and which also agree with Nahe formerly made by Mr. McNair.
Second. The pillar on the Jeddo side is very much strengthened by what may be considered as buttresses of solid coal, marked A, B, C, D, and E on the tracing.
Third. From the testimony of the mine foreman, and others familiar with the, workings at Ebervale and Jeddo, all the coal in the pillar on the Jeddo side is good, strong, and solid, and shows no signs of erushing or spalling. The top coal in all the breasts along the pillar, without any thing more than the ordinary breast propping, is strong enough to sustain the top rock and is still standing; the water merely oozes through the pillar, and does not come through anywhere in even a small stream, the present pressure of water being 235 feet; the coal on the Kbervale side of the pillar is good and merchantable, but is not as strong as that on the Jeddo side. However, the mine foreman of Kbervale testified that when he visited the pillar, within the last few mouths, he found the coal still solid and with no signs of crushing and spalling off, although the breast along the pillar had been worked five years ago. He also testified that the coal west of the pillar had been robbed, and that the top rock had settled almost down to the basin, thus relieving the boundary pillar of much of the superincumbent weight. It also appeared from the maps that when the water rises high enough to flow out of the cave hole at Harleigh, its surface will be about 515 feet over the bottom gangway.
Fourth. From the evidence of Mr. Heber S. Thompson, mining engineer of the Girard estate, the following described pillars are resisting the annexed pressures in the Mahanoy region :
Thickness Height of Thickness
PLACE. of pillar. water. of seam. Dip.
Kehley's Run. Feet. Feet. Feet. Degrees.
Over breast No. 12 to surface, .. 40 232 49 40
Side pressure between br easts Nos. 21 ; and 22, wall 22 feet ee aN eae 25 to 30 230 49 40 Packer, No. 2, colliery. 3
Over face of third tay el, a PR is 82 315 37 to 40 43 Breast at manway inside w all, "gt 66 315 37 to 40 43 Continental colliery. es
Second level side pressure, 145 293 29 35 North Ashland. -
Second level side pr etartigae ne 190 280 29 32
Continental and North Ashlanc
Bihar WetWweells. sce + a heme 65 to 95 100 21 20 to 25
From the testimony of Mr. Frank G. Clemens, assistant mining engineer of the Lehigh Valley Coal Company. the following pressures of water are being sustained by pillars and dams in the Mahanoy region
:
;
Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines. 119
Section of the Mammoth vein at Packer colliery, No. 2, second level from the bottom.
Bottom bench coal, .. 2feet 1 inch. Leg breaker coal, . 1foot 0 inches. Three-foot bench coal, 2feet 4 " emer BUGS. mo er ou Sw odo ms 1 6% Five-foot bench coal,. 4 " On, fe Roush bench coal, 2 " Linch, Fro BIREE soos og be 4 inches. NS, Ge aa emis ia Bone, Se RES ro ae
O0t ar 2 a ahon OL? cee and rock dni aes ea Dele OEE ss ae esr 1d ot hee ad pe
Section of the Mammoth vein at Packer colliery, No. 2, second level from the bottom: ( Con.)
"Divider" hard stone,. . .. . t1foot. 0 inches. OO alls alicia cP a te anes fA Aah en at ge ak 5 Top bench ada Hoge oR Be ee eur dee 13 1G fee ie a nr ar a ae rele! th em eS: ae
Section tail at foot slope near fe saliies way.
Lehigh Valley Coal Company's Packer Colliery, No. 2, Lost Creek.
a Pie. ' eee Teh Height of LEVEL. - Thickness.| Height. Width. ATER. Feet. hi ame we Ts eet. Feet. Fourth, First Dam, . 15 18 390, 12 Third, First Dam, . 10 10 3 193. 12
Pillar between breasts 43 and 44 on third level, Mammoth vein, at face, is 26 feet thick, and withstood a pressure due to vertical height of water 145 feet, 170 feet at heading 28 feet thick.
Chain pillar, between third and second levels from traveling way to breast 18, varies from 66 feet at traveling way to 139 feet thick at breast 18, and withstood the pressure of water standing 316.0 feet high.
Chain pillar 585 feet long; vein section shows 34.07 ; see accompanying section. The pillar between the old slope and He dump chute at breast No. 1, west second level, following thickness:
At gangway,. 99feet, 3815.8 feet water. 6p. Zao Ls io 246.3 et Gor je YAU UK ian a
5B Obb.O
r
120 Reports OF THE INSPECTORS oF MINEs.
Another pillar between face heading and traveling way at third level is only 19 feet thick, and is now standing 178 feet out of water.
Fifth. The pillar at the deepest point would be subjected to a pressure of 315 feet of water, and is from 110 to 120 feet thick, and where the surveys showed the pillar to be thinnest, it was from 90 to 92 feet thick, and subjected to a pressure of 235 feet of water.
Mr. Heber S. Thompson, a mining engineer of high reputation, who has probably had more experience than any one in this State in the matter of holding water by dams and pillars, was asked the following question by the arbitrators: "Has your practical experience shown that, under the circumstances set forth above, a good solid pillar of coal sixty feet wide is capable of safely resisting the pressure of water in a mine under ahead of 315 feet ?"'? His answer was: '' That his experience had shown that it was capable of deing it safely."
The width of the pillar being from 90 to 92 feet where thinnest, the head of water at that point being only 235 feet, and the dip of the vein being very slight, the arbitrators agreed ahathoumir that, in their opinion, it is safe to continue working in Jeddo even when Ebervale has filled up, but would recommend that no more coal should be mined in Jeddo within three hundred feet of the boundary pillar between Ebervale and Jeddo until the water has been taken out of Kbervale.
E. 8. Buitocx,
Arbitrator selected by Mine Inspector. FrepD. MERcUR,
Arbitrator selected by G. B. Markle & Co. Ecxigzy B. Coxe,
Arbitrator selected by the other two.
Arbitration.
Having had doubts of the thickness of the barrier pillar between Yorktown, No. 6, and Tresckow, No. 6, I became concerned about the safety of the men in Yorktown, when ie water had raised to a certain point at the old workings of Tresckow, No. 6.
As the lower workings of Yorktown, No. 6, were about to be abandoned, I requested Mr. George John, the superintendent, to comply with section 3, of article 8, which reads: "When any coal mine is worked out pronabitosy ¥ being abandoned, or any lift thereof is about to be abandoned, the owner, operator or sepaitatend oa of such coal mine shall have the maps thereof extended to include all excavations as far as practicable, and such portions thereof as the case may require shall be CAREFULLY VERIFIED." Mr. John ordered a compliance with my request. Still I was not satisfied with the verification, . as I doubted its accuracy, especially the accuracy of the workings in proximity to the barrier pillar.
Without taking the matter to court, atter consulting with a John, )
ReEpoRTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Til
Mr. Elmer H. Lawall, of Beaver Brook, was requested to make survey, locating the barrier pillar between Yorktown and Tresckow, and the workings in the immediate vicinity. Mr. Lawall's survey did not correspond with the map, or with the recent verification. Being satisfied that there was reasonable doubt of the size and strength of this barrier pillar, I requested Mr. John to stop all persons from entering Yorktown, No. 6, until the question of the strength of the pillar was settled. Hecomplied by requesting an immediate arbitration, and also naming Mr. Elmer, H. Lawall to represent the company. The inspector named Mr. E. L. Bullock to represent him. The two arbitrators met and decided to name Mr. T. D. Jones as the third arbitrator.
The arbitrators met, but from the evidence submitted were unable to render a decision, without having that part of the mine resurveyed. and jointly requested Mr. T. 8. McNair, of Hazleton, to make the necessary survey, which, with the original survey, accompanies the report of the arbitrators.
In the matter of the arbitration to decide the question of the safety of the Wharton vein pillar between Yorktown, No. 6, and Tresckow, No. 6, the following persons were present at the meeting, viz.: E. L. Bullock, arbitrator appointed by the inspector of mines; KE. H. Lawall, arbitrator appointed by George John, superintendent for G. H. Myers & Co. Yorktown, and T. D. Jones, arbitratrator named by the other two; also James E. Roderick, inspector of mines; George John, superintendent, Yorktown; Wm. R. Symons, mining engineer for Yorktown; Jed I. Hollenback, J. Howard Duggan, superintendent and engineer respectively of the L. & W. C. Co.; Owen Evans. mining superintendent for Tresckow, and T. 8S. McNair, of Hazleton, resident engineer L. V. R. R. Co.
Mr. Owen Evans testified as to the pillar on the Mammoth vein, stating that an unusually large pillar, attaining an average thickness of eighty yards, was left remaining. This testimony was corroborated by George John, who at that time was inside superintendent in the Mammoth vein workings for Yorktown.
Mr. Owen Evans furthermore testified that, in 1878, the water in the Mammoth vein of Tresckow, slope No. 4, broke through into the Wharton workings below, which completely drained the Mammoth vein.
He also testified that the water in the Mammoth workings had at one time risen to the surface, showing that it had withstood the extreme pressure possible. Both Evans and John testified that this Mammoth pillar was left undisturbed since.
A survey of the pillar was made at the request of Mr. Roderick, the mine inspector, a copy of which is here annexed by two disinterested parties, Messrs. T. 8. McNair and EK. H. Lawall, to prove the accuracy
722 Reports oF THE INSPECTORS oF MINES.
of the original survey. From this information, we find that the minimum thickness of the Wharton pillar below the level of the upper west gangway of Tresckow is twenty feet, with a pressure below the level of said gangway of forty-seven feet.
At the next nearest point the thickness is thirty feet, with a pressure below the level of said upper west gangway of one hundred and seventeen feet.
We find by the evidence of Owen Evans, mine foreman of Tresckow, No. 6, that the Wharton vein at.the, pillar was below the average thickness, having an average thickness of only seven feet, and consisting of very good strong coal, with no loose top clod. The stratum of rock immediately above the coal is about nine feet thick with no parting. No water has as yet made its appearance through the pillar.'
From the above evidence, we find that the pillar is sufficiently strong to safely bear the now existing pressure; but we are of the opinion that this pressure should not be increased by allowing the water in the Tresckow workings to rise higher than the level of the upper west gangway.
We also recommend that no coal be taken from the Yorktown workings for a distance of three hundred feet west of the present face of the pillar, and below the level of the aforesaid upper west gangway.
E. L. BULLocK, Arbitrator selected by Mine Inspector. K. H. Lawatt1, Arbitrator selected by G. H. Myers & Co. T. D. Jonzs, Arbitrator selected by the other two.
The Middle Coal Field Hospital.
There are no portions of the State of Pennsylvania where hospitals are more needed than in the anthracite coal districts. Peopled as these districts principally are by mine employés, who, at best.earn but a precarious living at the risk of terrible physical suffering, or sudden death from the disastrous accidents incident to underground labor, it cannot be expected that the sick or the injured can receive at thot homes the care and attention which their condition demands. The miner, or other employé of the middle coal field of Pennsylvania, who meets with any of the serious accidents common to his work, is either compelled to pass long months of weary suffering in his little miner's home, while his family is destitute of the very necessaries of life, or be railroaded to a hospital many miles distant, where, separated for months from home and kindred, his recovery is often retarded by acute mental anxiety for his family's welfare. .
This condition of affairs, the frequency of mine inicio? the impossibility of securing the proper medical attention and nursing for
Reports OF THE LyspECTORS OF MINES. 123 the afflicted at their homes, the natural feeling that prompts a sufferer to refuse to be separated from his kindred, and the vast amount of public good sure to follow the establishment of a public hospital at Hazleton, have prevailed on our people to petition the Legislature to erect such an institution in this borough. The attention of the Legislature has been directed to the prime necessity for the erection of a hospital in the Middle coal field on several previous occasions, but not ' until the present year has the movement taken definite shape, and been pressed forward with energetic effort. It is now supported by all the miners and mine employes in this district; by the many mine owners, operators, and superintendents, as well as by the local merchants and professional men. With such cordial support, we trust the movement will meet with the success which it deserves.
The inspector desires to direct the attention of the Legislature to several material reasons for granting an appropriation to erect a hospital in Hazleton or vicinity. The town is the center of a vast mining industry, which extends for many miles in every direction, and upon which the living of more than sixty thousand people depends. Serious accidents are constantly occurring in and about the mines, and to the unfortunate victims but one hospital is available where proper - care and attention can be received. This one, St. Luke's Hospital, is located at Bethlehem, seventy miles from Hazleton, and every legislator will readily admit that the journey can only be attended with physical torture, if not loss of life, while at this hospital the injured man is completely isolated from his family and friends, because their condition in life will not permit the expense of a visit. With a public hospital in Hazleton, the victim of mine horrors could see his relatives and friends at stated periods, much to his enjoyment and their satisfaction.
The victims of mine accidents, which threaten fatal results, cannot with safety be sent to this one hospital. They must be cared for at home, where the crowded rooms, lack of proper ventilating facilities, and the prevalent poverty of mine employés prove a serious bar to recovery. Many of this class of sufferers would be saved from an untimely death if Hazleton possessed the hospital accommodations so much demanded. We state no imaginary case in referring to institutions of this character. Only too many victims of mine disasters die from want of proper attendance and careful nursing, while many more await slow recovery in their little homes, because the grievous nature of their injuries forbid a long journey to a distant hospital.
The appeal for hospital accommodations here is the heartfelt ery from the miners, from the victims of fire-damp, of falling rock and coal, and the hundred and one agencies that produce dire human suffering and abject misery. It is the cry of the wife who cannot buy what her stricken husband needs; the cry of the children, wit-
124 ReEportTS OF THE INSPECTORS oF MINES.
nesses of the abject condition of the parent; the cry of the mother for the medical treatment to her injured son, which she cannot afford. Aye, the cry of the afflicted for refuge in their distress—such a cry as should move the Legislature to prompt action in the premises.
The reports of the mine inspector for this district for six years past show an average of one hundred and forty-six non-fatal accidents of serious nature. The fatal fire-damp did its horrid work with many, while the balance suffered with fractured and broken collar-bones, ribs, arms, legs, feet and hands. The suffering of the victims was intense, but not five per centum of the whole were taken to the distant hospital.
Surely the miners of the Middle coal field have suffered long enough for the want of hospital accommodations. and full attention should now be given to their appeal for the only possible remedy, the erection of a hospital in Hazleton or vicinity.
The Lansford Beneficial Fund.
This noble institution was founded January, 1884, by the president, trustees, and William D. Zehner, the superintendent of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company, for the sole object of relieving the suffering and want of their injured employés, and the dependent families of persons killed in and about their mines. I have each year called the attention of the mining public to the good work of this beneficial fund, hoping that the men of other localities and the different companies would form similar institutions, but so far I have not heard of a move in this direction, made by either companies or men.
The only coal company that I know of, besides this company, that has any system established to care for the injured and the families left dependent on charity, the result of fatal accidents, is Coxe Bros. & Co., and the amount of suffering and want relieved by this company is unknown to me, as it is conducted solely as a private charity.
I would respectfully call the attention of the companies and the men to the great need of a beneficial fund, which will care for the needy about our coal mines, and, from my own personal knowledge, the number in need are numerous and deserving.
Following is a statement of the Lansford Fund for the year 1886, which will show the amount contributed by the men and company, also, the amount of benefits paid, the cash balance on hand, We. :
Reports oF THE Inspectors oF MINES.
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126 Reports oF THE INSPEcTORS oF MINES.
During the years 1884, 1885, and 1886, the men and the company paid into this fund the sums of $28,217 88 and $30,912 22, respectively, to which $902 42 interest on investment were added, making the total receipts the round sum of $60,032 52.
The men that were injured and the families of persons killed during the same years received the sum of $42,059. $902 42 were paid for expenses, leaving a cash balance on hand the first day of January, 1887. of $17,070 26.
Now, if one company, mining only a million tons of coal per year, can, with the assistance of employés, produce such good results in three years, what would be the result if the men and companies mining about thirty-two million tons per year were combined in this good work? The result would be that over $1,800,000 would have been distributed during the last three years among the sufferers from accidents in and about the anthracite coal mines of Pennsylvania, besides leaving a grand balance of over $500,000 on hand for emergencies, or great calamities, such as those of Nanticoke, West End, Scranton, and other places.
The mining of coal is getting more dangerous every year, and calamities such as the above will happen in the future as in the past. Why, therefore, not prepare to meet these emergencies ?
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Reports OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Ti
A Brief Review of Fatal Accidents and their Causes for the year 1886.
Fatal accidents in and about coal mines are generally numerous and heartrending, but I am happy to state that fewer accidents occurred in this district during the year 1886 than during any previous year of my term of office. I attribute this decrease in a great measure to the efficiency of the new mine law, the provisions of which cover all, or nearly all, of the details of the mining and the preparing of coal.
The mine foremen and the employés generally deserve some credit for this reduction in fatal accidents, yet there is room for great improvement in this direction, especially on the part of the employés inside and outside of the mines.
It will be seen, by referring to Table A, that twenty-five persons lost their lives inside of the mines through the various accidents, and out of these twelve, or forty-eight per cent., were through falls of coal and slate.
After looking carefully into the causes that led these persons to lose their lives, I can safely say that only four of them should be considered accidents that the victims themselves could not have guarded against. Seven of them lost their lives through their own neglect and carelessness, and one, a laborer, through the neglect of the miner.
Through the joint carelessness of the victim and the foreman, one life was lost through an explosion of gas.
With a little care and forethought on the part of the men themselves, the two fatal accidents through premature blast would not have occurred.
Of the seven persons that lost their lives through accidents from mine cars, only two were accidents that the victims themselves, even with ordinary care, could not have prevented.
Of the three miscellaneous accidents inside of the mines, only one of them should be termed ' accident;" the other two lost their lives through their own blundering and carelessness.
After a careful summary of the causes of these accidents, I consider that eighteen, or 72 per cent., can be traced to the neglect or carelessness of the victims themselves, and I don't know that a law can be enacted and enforced that will prevent mine employés from making these fatal blunders.
By referring again to Table A, it will be seen that ten persons lost their lives by the different fatal accidents outside of the mines. Four lost their lives at strippings—two by falls, and two by blasts. With ordinary care on the part of the victims themselves, and more care and experience on the part of the foremen, these accidents could not have occurred.
The two fatal accidents by cars, on the surface, are evidence of how careless persons can be while riding on mine cars; and two of the three fatal accidents, termed miscellaneous in the table, happened through the gross neglect of the parties themselves.
138 Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines.
I consider that eight, or 80 per cent., of these fatal accidents on the surface should not have happened. The result of last year, and prior years, Shows that more accidents occur at strippings than inside of the mines, in proportion to the number employed. It should not be so, as undoubtedly the work of mining inside of the mines is more dangerous than the mining of coal on the surface. Then the reason for this disproportionate number of accidents rest on other causes. My reason for it is, that the men that are employed at these strippings are not as well informed as inside workers generally. and I know it to be a fact that the men at strippings are often working under the isstructions of men of less experience than themselves. Through the inefficiency of these foremen, and the carelessness of the employés, several persons lost their lives during the year 1886.
Reports oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
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146 Reports oF THE INSPECTORS oF MINES.
Fifth Anthracite Coal District.
Synopsis of the report of Inspector William Stein for the year ending December 31, 1886. Compiled by the Bureau:
Number of mines in district, as located, . 46 Number of mines wets eee which statistics were aee
cl) Bot di Average working ne in dae, bon oar ee mines, . . 191 Persons employed inside of mines,. 8,640 Persons employed outside of jail. Pee ac es 6,554 Total number of personsemployed, 15,194 Nember of fatal accidents, -s . 2.4. 2 aa 41 Number ef non-fatal seeidents, . .-. 0.4 eee 101 Persons employed per fatal accident, /) 395 Persons employed per non-fatal accident, 152 Number of tons of coal mined, ... . .. 5 24. G2 072,508 Number of tons of coal cane, tiger ae . . 4,570,146 Number of tons increased production over Se 1885, . 450,72 Number of tons of coal mined per fatal accident, 121,280 Number of tons of coal mined per non-fatal accident, . . 49 , 233 Number of kegs of powder used in mines, 124,368 ember of steam boilers im wee, 2 2... ee - 899 Number of horses and mules in service, 1,348
There were 222 persons killed and 654 persons injured during the five years ending December 31, 1886. There were 12 less in the list of killed and 4 less in the list of wounded, as compared with 1885. Certificates of service were issued to 102 mine bosses and certificates ef qualification to 60 mine bosses.
Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines. 147
Fifth Anthracite District.
Orrice oF Inspector oF MINES, GIRARDVILLE, Pa., Alarch 9; 1887. Honorable J. Srueson Arrica, Secretary of Internal Affairs:
Srr: In compliance with the provisions of an act of the General Assembly of this Commonwealth, entitled "An act to provide for the health and safety of persons employed in and about the anthracite coal mines of Pennsylvania, and for the protection and preservation of proy - erty connected therewith," approved June 80, A. D. 1885, I have the honor of herewith presenting to you my second annual report of the Fifth Inspection District of Schuylkill.
My report consists of the usual tables, together with the uniform tables adopted throughout the Anthracite and Bituminous Inspection Districts, and such other matter as may be of interest to those concerned.
It gives me great pleasure to be able to report a decreas? in the number of fatal accidents. In 1885, we had fifty-three (53), and in 1886 we had forty-one (41). I have carefully examined into the cause of each fatal accident for the year 1886, and from my investigations find that nineteen (19) of the forty-one (41) were caused by carelessness and unskilled labor. A list of these is found in table No. 4.
I refer the reader to deaths resulting from falls of coal in gangways, headings, breasts, crushed between mine cars, burned with powder, and smothered in pea coal chute. I herewith give the dates of fatal accidents caused by carelessness, January 20th and 28th, May 4th and 28th, June 2d and 12th, July Ist, August 7th and 10th, October 14th, and November 2d, 8d and 22d. Dates of accidents caused by unskilled labor resulting in death, February 20th, April 20th and 21st, August 23d, and November 23d. .
The new mine law has been effectual in almost making deaths resulting from the explosion of fire-damp very slight, yet we are sorry to say that deaths resulting from a careless handling of blasting material are taking their place, and unless the workmen will be more careful when making cartridges we cannot expect any improvement.
WILLIAM STEIN, Mine Inspector.
148 Reports oF THE INspectoRS oF MINEs.
General Condition Of The Collieries.
The general condition of the collieries has been greatly improved in 1886. great many valuable improvements have been made, which no doubt were brought about to comply with the requirements of the new mine law. A very marked improvement is a better distribution of the air, which, in my opinion, is one of the most important features in the economy of mining coal, and, to every intelligent, practical miner, ought to need no coercion on the part of the mine inspector for its enforcement, as it benefits all concerned.
Additional outlets have also been made at some of the collieries, and also the erection of new fans, and where new tunnels have been driven in some collieries, a separate tunnel has been driven for a return airway, which does away with the "brattice'"' boards generally used to make the tunnel an intake and outlet for the air, as well as an outlet for transporting the coal to the bottom of shaft or slope.
These separate air-return tunnels have been driven at considerable
cost, but will pay the companies in that there is less risk to life and property from their construction compared with the method of splitting the tunnels with boards, and more especially in collieries where gas is given off in large quantities.
The collieries I refer to where these tunnels have been driven are the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company, Gilberton colliery, under the supervision of Mr. Veith, and the Lehigh Valley Coal Company's No. 5 shaft, under the supervision of Colonel D. P. Brown.
Accompanying my report is a sketch showing the relative position of the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company's ENangowan colliery workings to the abandoned workings of the Yatesville colliery. The Yatesville slope, as shown on sketch, is sunk about five hundred and twenty-five feet (525) deep on the Holmes vein, the mouth of which is about one hundred and fifty feet (150) to east of land line. This colliery was abandoned and of course filled with water. The first lift east gangway of the Ellangowan slope, sunk also on the Holmes vein, in course of driving eastward it was nearing the abandoned workings of Yatesville colliery, and in order to prevent any accident occurring
from the bursting through of the water, the KNangowan gangway
was stopped at a point seventy-five feet (75) west of the land line. Breasts sixty-eight (68) and sixty-nine (69) were then driven up at right angles to gangway and connected with headings. About one hundred and twelve feet (112) up froth gangway an opening was driven parallel to gangway through on the Yatcsville slope. While this opening was in course of construction three bore holes were kept twenty feet in advance of the coal face, also a shaft or second outlet was sunk at the face of sixty-eight breast to reinforce safety, so that the men working there might have a ready way of escape in case of any unforeseen danger. It will be seen that extra precaution was taken
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Reports oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINEs. 149
to tap this water in order to prevent loss of life. When the water was tapped the bore holes were in advance of the coal face nineteen feet. So careful and vigilant were the company's officials that the work was all done in daytime, so that the inside foreman, Mr. Broughall, might have the absolute management of the operations personally.
I also send sketch showing relative position of the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company's North Mahanoy colliery's north seven-foot slope workings, to abandoned workings of West Lehigh colliery in Skidmore vein. From the third lift, south gangway, of the north seven-foot slope, a tunnel is driven to Skidmore vein. The north gangway from this tunnel, as shown in sketch, is driven under the abandoned workings of the West Lehigh colliery. The workings in connection with the West Lehigh were full of water. The officials of the coal and iron company were aware of this fact, and were determined the water should be tapped in number six breast, and only those engaged for this purpose should be allowed in this district of the colliery.
This was successfully done by keeping bore holes ahead of the coal face as at Ellangowan colliery. I am glad to say that such measures, after mature deliberation, are always taken to surmount contending difficulties without loss of life, which is no less creditable to those in charge of the surveys and practical details in connection with colliery workings than gratifying to me, and cannot but be appreciated by all having a special interest in mining.
Report of Service Issned to—
Thomas D. Reese, Charles Jasper, George P. Davis, James McCabe, David Reese, William H. Richards, Patrick T. McLauchlin, James Goldsworthy, James Heaton, Gotleib Skeath, James Irvin, William Palmer, James Robbins, Caleb Williams, David Morris, William Davidson, Charles Esgar, David Beynon, James Whalen, Thomas J. Edwards, Jacob J. Watkins, Edward Pierce, Ralph B. Platt, Kdward T. Morgan, George Kilgour, John Webb,
John W. Howells, David Morgan, Thomas Lewis, William Waters, John Kline, Benjamin C. Church, William Burchill, Frederick Carl, Thomas Giles, William McMutrie,
John Skeatle, Morgan Davis.
150 Reports oF THE Ixsrecrors or MINES.
William Broughall,
David R. Reese, John J. Bradigan, Robert Mauchline, John Brown, Austin Edward, Richard Palmer, Matthew Kemp, Thomas Baird, William Marland, John L. Williams,
Robert W. Roberts, Joseph Reese, George Scott, William E. Jones, Elijah Gregory, Thomas B. Reese, Stephen S. Jones, John A. Wild, William Edwards, Joseph H. Denning, William R. James.
Report of Qualification Issued to—
Edward M. Coyle, Thomas McKeone, John Hanson,
Joseph W. Watkins,
Reese Tasker, William Hardy, William Mitchell,
John K. Berkheiser,
William W. Lewis,
Lewis Evans, John H. Reese, William Brown, Evan EK. Davis, William Leckie, William R. Reese, David J. Evans, Robert Peel,
John W. Morgan.
Reports OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. y aig
TABLE No. 1.—Showing comparative statement of fatal casualties for the ye ears 1885 and 1886.
Years.
eo niMren AIMe-ONA I, eee gn sy a se we ee eS 4 :
Suffocated with gas.
Explosions of blasting materials, pa? ee oe 6 3 4g
Premature explosions, By coal flying from shots.
Falls of coal and roof, 25 21
Crushed by mine car 3, 4 Pi
By mac hinery : underground.
By machinery, on surface, al
Breaking of ropes and chains.
Falling down shafts and slopes, 3 1
Explosions of boilers, mt 2 1
Miscellaneous, 8 6 SC r ict me een eee OTT. See eer LG a os Py eee ee a539 41
Number of fatal accidents and amount of coal produced per life lost.
Number of Tons of coal fatal acci-produced per
dents. fatal accident Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron C be ee 25 106 , 437 Lehigh Valley Coal Company, Dts 5 97 , 260 Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company, 3 95, 269 Lentz, Lilly & Company, co 1 174, 53325 Individual firms, . ae 4 138, 25938,
TABLE No. 2.—Showing comparative statement of non-fatal casualties for the years 1885 and 1886.
YEARS. 1885. 1886. Explosions of fire-damp, , ] 3 Explosions of blasting material s, ; ae 6 Premature explosions, : 2 4 By coal flying from shots, 4 1 Falls of coal and roof, 29 30 Crushed by mine cars, 17 25 By mac hiner y, under eround, il By machinery, on surfac 6, 3 3 Breaking of ropes and ¢ hains, 1 Falling down shafts and skies 2 il Explosions of boilers, 5 9 Miscellaneous, 35 28 Totals, 105 101
152 Reports oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
TABLE No. 3.—Showing the amount of coal produced and shipped during the : years 1885 and 1886, respectively.
YEARS. 1885. 1886. Amount of coal produced, ees 4,512,800.07 4, 972,502.07 eon OF coal shipped, es a a Se 4, 246,849.08 4,570, 146.18
TABLE No. 4.—Comparative table between the years 1885 and 1886.
YEARS. 1885. 1886. Number of persons einployed, 2 o Sai bs CP oe 15,151 15,191 Tons of coal: produced. per life lost, oc 5.4.5 3ta ne 6 ee 90, 21735 121,280 Raworor employes, Wor lie lost, 5. a eas ede © ee ee 285.85 395 Number of tons mined per each personalinjury, 30, 2624% 49 , 232 Average number of tons mined peremployé, 31535 321 Ratio of employés per each personalinjury, 9585 152
TABLE No, 5.—Taking the death rate per thousand as a basis of comparison between the different companies and individual operators, we have the following ratio for the year 1886:
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Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines.
TABLE No. 6.—Comparative statement of fatal and non-fatal casualties and their causes for five years.
Fatal Casualties.
Explosions of fire-damp,
Sutfocated by gas, y Explosions of blasting mater ial,
Premature explosions,
By coal flying from shots,
Falls of coal and roof,
Crushed by mine cars, .
By machinery under eround,
By machinery on surface e,
Breaking of ropes and chains,
Falling down shafts and slopes,
Explosions of boilers,
Miscellaneous, .
Totals of the respective years,
Non-fatal casualties. Explosions of fir ae Ps Sutfocated by ga Explosions of ae material, Premature explosions, :
By coal flying from shots,
Falls of coal and roof,
Crushed by mine cars, .
By machinery under eround, By machinery on surface, Breaking of ropes and chains, Falling down shafts and slopes, Explosions of boilers, Miscellaneous, .
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Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines.
Sixth Anthracite Coal District.
Synopsis of the report of Inspector James Ryan, for the year ending
December 31, 1886. Compiled by the Bureau:
Number of mines in the district, wate:
Number of mines operated from which ee ee were gathered, ;
Average working time, in a aes Bt ots foes Fhnee mines,
Persons employed inside of mines,
Persons employed outside of mines,
Total number of persons employed,
Number of fatal accidents,
Number of non-fatal accidents,
Persons employed per fatal accident,
Persons employed per non-fatal accident,
Number of tons of coal mined,
Number of tons of coal shipped, ;
Number of tons increased ree over year 1885, dee
Number of - eam anneal per sara ac widen
Number of tons of coal mined per non-fatal accident,
Number of kegs of powder used in mines,
Number of steam boilers in use,
Number of horses and mules in service
Number of widows,
Number of orphans,
Soy at bo Oo
bo ©
Oe He Re
aos on OX
Ng
There was a decrease of fourteen in the list ef fatal, and a like decrease
in the number of non-fatal accidents.
166 REPORTS oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Sixth Anthracite District.
OFFICE OF INSPECTOR OF MrNgs, ASHLAND, March 7, 1887.
ilonorable J. Simpson Arnica, Secretary of Internal Affairs:
Str: In compliance with an act of Assembly entitled "An act. to provide for the health and safety of persons employed in and about the anthracite coal mines of Pennsylvania, and for the protection and preservation of property connected therewith," approved June 30, 1885, I herewith have the honor of submitting this, my ninth annual report, which contains a list of the persons killed and injured; the number of tons of coal mined and shipped to market; number of kegs of powder used; number of days worked; number of personsemployed; number of mules and horses; number of steam boilers in and about the collieries in the district during the year 1886, and such other information as may be deemed necessary to those employed or interested in the mining and production of coal.
Total production for year 1886, 3,714,519 Total production for year 1885, 4,205,420
Decrease under that of year 1885, 490,901 Number of employés inside, . 8,523 Number of employés outside, $893
Total number of employés in district,
Number of kegs of powder used during the year, Numlser of days worked during year, .
Number of mules and horses,
Number of steam boilers, .
Number of fatal casualties,
Number of non-fatal casualties,
Recapitulation Of Fatal Casualties.
Falls of coal and roof, .
Mine cars and machinery, .
Falling down slope,
Kicked by mules,
Premature blast, ey: Sa Explosion of carburetted hydnadein Sas, . Suffocated by foul air,
Reports oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. 167
PiieccllemeouaimMeides 6. 6 wk Gk 6 Me eOGUIMeOUS OUICS, 2 nn 6k fk ee ee 1
Ry 68D i Gy eg oe es ere 31
Recapitulation Of Non-Fatal Casualties.
PrerCVOGRN ONC MOOl fs). Ge we ek BOR we ee aoe 39 Mine cars and machinery, . ee eae ee ee 24 Explosion of carburetted hydrogen gas, 19 Pemmmhen RS, . s . tne bk ke eS 4 JONG MG 0 9) 00) 0 2) rc a a a a q Rplreewienoas mete: 2 ke Pig kw be ek ee 20 Merseeliamegis quiside, . 2055 sn Pk ee ee es ale
oC, SOE eed Se en ae ae re Oe Se 122
JAMES RYAN, Ashland, Pa.
Injunctions.
On two occasions I was forced to resort to legal proceedings, in order to enforce compliance with the provisions of the mine law, against Thomas Baumgardner & Co.'s Enterprise colliery, and Thomas J. Wolf & Co.'s Eureka colliery.
A hearing was had in the former case before his Honor William M. Rockafeller, president judge of Northumberland county, who granted the injunction asked for.
In the case of the Eureka colliery, the defendants failed to put in an appearance at court, consequently his Honor Judge Rockafeller granted the injunction, which thus far has not been dissolved, the defendants neglecting to move in the matter of improving the condition of the colliery.
Ventilation.
The general condition of the collieries of this district as to ventilation is satisfactory, with the exception of a few cases, where I find inside foremen negligent in having the air current properly circulated in face of narrow workings, z. e., chutes and headings and gangways, etc., in some mines where fire-damp or carburetted hydrogen is not generated.
There are forty-four (44) collieries in this district ventilated by sixtyfive (65) fans. Thirty-seven (87) of these collieries are in active operation and ventilated by fifty-eight (58) fans.
Falls of Coal and Roof.
There were ten lives lost from the above causes out of a total of thirty-one, being over thirty-two per cent. of the whole number of fatal
168 Reports oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
casualties for the past year. The number of non-fatal casualties from the same source was thirty-nine, being nearly thirty-two per cent. of the whole number of non-fatal casualties. In reviewing the causes which contribute to some of this class of accidents, I found that with — a reasonable amount of care and prudence on the part of the unfortu- — nate victims themselves, we would not be called upon to chronicle the — sad fate of the poor fellows who have to earn a livelihood down in the bowels of the earth. It is sad in the extreme to behold a wife in poor circumstances, with the little ones running about not knowing what loss they sustain in the death of their father, left to the cold charity of this world. In fact, there are several other sources of danger connected with mining operations, such as the handling of powder, attempting to couple and uncouple mine cars while in motion, etc., where the safety of the workmen, to a great extent, depends on themselves. It behooves them, as well as those in charge, to be always on the alert with a view to reduce the number of casualties to the lowest possible minimum. It is my sincere desire to see that accomplished in the very near future.
NUMBER of fatal accidents and amount of coal produced per life lost by the different companies and individual firms during year 1886.
D ps ra 7 ES Ss Ss gs s 52. ie) w . ER -. 7B ee OPERATORS. 8 E 2 22 ES fe 25x a AAD 7, co) 7, cS) a yy Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company, 1,551,705.10 14 110,836, Mineral Railroad and Mining Company, 309, 659.09 5 61, 932 Unron Cos: Oompatiye: ctu ese ae sues See 338, 069.11 2 169,03434 Summit Branch Railroad Company, 193,799.01 1 193,799s4, Lykens Valley Coal Company, 4... 214, 065.00 1 214,065 Pe a a a Bs SA Me ce ge ee it 392, 108.07 4 98, 027 sy eee RCRUNER RIPEN 2s s,s. le ee am! "Wich Denes 715,112.13 4 178,77833
Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines.
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Reports oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINEs.
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Reports OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINEs. gy
Falls of Coal and Roof.
AccipENT No. 1.—Christian Liskow, miner, aged fifty-three years, was fatally injured by a fall of coal in Monitor colliery, January 4, 1886, and died while being removed to his home. He left a wife and three children to mourn his loss. Deceased and another miner, named Charles Burmeister, were, at the time of the accident, robbing the pillar between breasts Nos. 35 and £6, on lower west gangway, in the Mammoth vein. According to the evidence of Burmeister, about three quarters of an hour previous to the fall, they tried to bar down the lump which fell; failing in this, they concluded that it was safe to work under it. About three quarters of an hour after, while deceased was working under it, without giving any warning, it fell on him.
AccipenT No. 2.—Patrick Murphy, miner, aged twenty-five years, ° and single, was killed by a fall of top rock in Cameron colliery, February 6, 1885. Deceased and three other men, named Patrick Deane, Alexander I. Bradley and Alexander 8, Bradley, were employed robbing pillars in No. 4 vein, upper drift. About ten, a. M., they drilled and tamped a hole ina pillar over the gangway, and left it standing until some cars, which they had loaded inside, were hauled out. After eating dinner, deceased fired the blast, and while dressing off the loose coal left after the shot, the top rock, without giving any warning, fell, killing him instantly.
AccipENT No. 3.—James Flynn, miner, aged forty-one years, was injured by a fall of top coal in Mount Carmel Shaft colliery, February 23, 1886, and died about three hours after the accident, leaving a wife. At the time of the accident, deceased and two other miners, named Thomas Moore and George Raudenbush, were engaged robbing the pillar between breasts Nos. 1 and 20n No.3 slant,north. Deceased after going into work in the morning, drilled and fired a hole in the top coal, while Moore and Raudenbush loaded two cars. After they had the cars loaded, they went up to the face of their working place and commenced to put coal in the chute. Then deceased commenced to drill a hole in the bottom coal, and while engaged, a piece of top coal fell, striking him, and inflicting injuries from which he died. Deceased was an old, experienced and careful miner.
AccrwENnt No. 4.—John Cannon, miner, aged fifty years, was fatally injured by a fall of top coal in Locust Spring colliery, March 10, 1886, and died on the 22d. He left a wife and seven children. Deceased and another miner, named Richard Maley, were employed robbing pillars in Skidmore Vein. About twelve, M.,on the night of the accident, while deceased was barring up some bottom coal with a drill, a little bench of top coal which was over him fell.
Acctipent No. 5.—William Roberts, miner, aged fifty-four years, was killed by a fall of top slate (clod) in Excelsior colliery on April 7, 1886. He left a wife and three children. Deceased and a Polish man named Halcavitch, were employed robbing pillars in "B" drift. After going
172 Reports oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
in to work on the morning of the accident, deceased and Halcavitch, after fruitless efforts to bar down the top slate, decided that it was safe towork. Then Halcavitch loaded a car, while Roberts went away some distance. When he came back, Roberts looked at the top but said nothing. Then he went away again. When he came back, the second car was loaded. Then he commenced drilling a hole, and while thus engaged the fall took place, completely covering him.
Accipent No. 6.—Patrick Welsh, miner, aged twenty-six, was killed by a fall of coal in Logan colliery, July 15,1886. He left a wife and © one child. On the day of the accident, deceased and his brother, Michael, were working together in a breast in Buck Mountain vein. On going in to work in the morning, deceased drilled and fired a hole 'in the blasting bench on the inside pillar. The shot did not throw all — that was before it, but left a lump at the back end of the hole. Deceased then got a drill and commenced to bar it. His brother told him to get out from there, because he thought it was too dangerous for him; that he should drill a hole further under the blasting bench, and that the top would then fall itself. To this deceased replied, " There is no danger," and continued barring. The moment his brother had forbid- — den him to bar under it the bench fell, killing him instantly.
AccipeNt No. 7.—David Hutchison, laborer, a single man, aged seventeen years, was killed by a fall of top rock in Luke Fidler colliery, August 5,1886. On the day of accident, deceased and three other men, named Benjamin Bowman, Edward Cox and Owen Mc Williams, were engaged taking the rails out of No. 1 slope, east counter, No. 8 vein gangway. According to the evidence taken at the inquest, deceased and Bowman were on the low side, and Cox and McWilliams on the high side of the gangway driving the heads of the spikes into the sills. Both parties had driven two spikes, and were driving the third when the top, without giving any warning, fell, covering Hutchison, killing him instantly. "2
Accipent No. 8.—Henry Kuentz, miner, aged thirty-five years, was killed by a fall of top slate (sulphur ball), in Locust Spring colliery, November 3, 1886. He left a wife and four children. Deceased and another miner, named Owen Donnelly, were working together in a breast in the west counter, west slant gangway. About two, P. M., while Donnelly was eating his dinner, deceased was putting a prop under the top slate, and while doing this the top slate fell, covering him and killing him instantly. Deceased was a good, careful and experienced miner.
-Accipent No. 9.—G. Harvey Paul, miner, aged thirty-two years, was fatally injured bya fall of coal in Cameron colliery, November 4, 1886. He died November, 5, 1886, leaving a wife and five children. Deceased and another miner, named Lawrence Comfair, were working together in breast No. 50,east No.9 vein, east slope. About twelve, M., —
' REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS oF MINES. 173
while deceased was making room at the top of his manway for a prop, a large slip of coal fell out on him, breaking his collar-bone and inflicting other bodily injuries.
AccipENT No. 10.—Benjamin Hain, laborer, asingle man, aged twentyfive vears, was fatally injured by a fall of coal in Williamstown colliery on December 1, 1885, and died the same day. On the day of the accident, deceased and two miners, named Robert Bell and Darby Kerwin, were employed driving the No. 4 slope, west counter gangway. At the time of the accident, deceased and Bell were loading a truck with slate, Bell shoveling on the high side and deceased on the low side, preparatory to putting in a set of timber at the face. While thus engaged', a piece of coal with a crack fell from the high side and top, striking deceased, inflicting the injuries from which he died.
The piece which fell was two feet thick, four feet wide, and seven long.
Mine Cars and Machinery.
AccipENT No. 1.—John Maculy, slate-picker, a single man, aged twenty years, was killed January 26, 1886, by being crushed in the counter screen cog-wheels, while attempting to start the blocked coal in the hopper or feed chute, between the upper and lower sets of rollers, in Pennsylvania colliery breaker. By the evidence taken at the inquest, it appears that the coal occasionally blocked in this chute or feed hopper; frequently two or three times during the day. On the morning of the accident, it blocked soon after the breaker started work, and deceased went to start it. While thus engaged, he was caught by the cog-wheels and instantly killed. Also, according to the evidence, he went there contrary to orders, because whenever this chute was badly blocked the machinery was stopped until the coal was started. In this and in previous cases deceased went to start the coal while the machinery was in motion.
Accipent No, 2.—Daniel Lucas, timber-man, aged fifty-one years, was injured on June 19, 1886, at Pennsylvania colliery, by being crushed between mine cars outside, and died June 29,1886. He left a wife and seven children. Deceased and another timber-man, named Aaron Shultz Knittle, were engaged putting eight props, eight poles, and five planks into an empty car, preparatory to sending it down into the mine; deceased holding the door of the mine car while Knittle put the timber in the car. After the timber was loaded,and while marking the number and name of the place on the car with chalk, an empty trip of cars, pushed by a small locomotive from breaker to slope, struck deceased, who was standing in front of the car they loaded, inflicting fatal injuries.
Accipent No. 3.—Patrick Cavanagh, boss loader, aged thirty-five years, was killed in Locust Gap colliery on July 4, 1886, by being caught between top of mine car and the upper set of sump timber at
174 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS oF MINEs.
the bottom of the pump slope. He left five children. On the morn-— Ing of the accident, deceased and four or five other men were cleaning the sump at the bottom of the pump slope. By the evidence it appears they commenced to clean the sump about half past five, a. mM. Shortly before the accident, which occured about half past seven, A. M., some of the men asked for oil, because their lamps were getting dry. Deceased told them he would get some. When deceased said this he was standing on the top of the car taking water from Thomas Maley, who was baiiing it with a keg and throwing it into the car. When the car was full deceased shouted to Conrad Carl, who was at the rapper, to rap up the car. While the car was being hoisted, deceased remained on the top of it until he was caught between it and the upper set of timber in the sump. He was crushed and thrown down into the sump and instantly killed.
AccrpEnt No. 4.—James Bradbury, driver, a single man, aged twenty years, died September 3, from injuries received in Merriam colliery. August 25, 1886, by being crushed between the top of a loaded mine © car and a gangway collar. By the evidence, deceased was employed driving from the west tunnel workings out to the bottom of the slope. About four o'clock, Pp. M., while he was sitting on the top of the first of a loaded trip of cars, which were being brought out to the turn-out at the bottom of the slope, he came to a low gangway collar, between the tunnel and the turn-out, and while passing under it he was crushed between the car and the collar. The distance from the rail to the collar was six feet four inches, and from the rail to the top of the mine car five feet two inches, thus leaving a space fourteen inches be tween the top of the car and the collar.
Accrpent No. 5.—Eltz Kramer, loader and driver, a single man, aged twenty-one years, died October 9, from injuries received in Bear Valley colliery on October 7, 1886, by being crushed between empty mine car and gangway timber. This accident occurred about half past eleven, A.M. The colliery on this day was to work only half the day. At the time of the accident deceased was taking a trip of two empty mine cars from the cross-cut, between Nos. 8 and 9 vein, in to top split of mammoth vein, at west side. The cars were going at a — lively rate, and when he came near the cross-cut leading into the top split he jumped off the front car, on which he was riding, to turn the mule into the "split." The front car jumped the track at the centre casting, and before deceased could get out of the way it caught and crushed him against the gangway low-side leg.
Premature Blast.
Accrpent No. 1.—John M. Thomas, miner, aged thirty-five years, was fatally injured by a premature blast in Stirling colliery, June 10, 1886, and died in about nine hours after the accident. He left a wife — and three children to mourn his sad fate. On the day of the accident —
REPORTS oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Lis
deceased and another man, named Archibald Thomas, were engaged blasting down top rock over the slant gangway, at the west side, preparatory to putting in double timber. They drilled a hole about one foot deep, charged and tamped it, and lit the fuse. They then went to a place of safety, and, as the blast did not go off for ten minutes, deceased was going to see what was wrong, and was within six feet of the blast when it exploded. Pieces of rock struck him on the head, face, and body. Falling Down Slope.
AccipENT No. 1.—Owen Monaghan, repairman, aged thirty years, was killed on May 11, 1886, by falling down Centralia colliery, No. 2 slope. He left a wife and onechild. Deceased at the time of the accident was putting boards in place at the east side of the slope, near the top of the third lift, to turn some water into the sump that was escaping from the second lift. He was standing on a plank extending from the east side of the slope to some sills, when, by some mishap, he fell off the plank down the slope, a distance of forty or forty-five yards, on an angle of about fifty-eight (58°) degrees. When found, shortly after, life was extinct.
Accripent No. 2.—Robert M. Jones, engineer, aged thirty-nine years, was killed September 9, 1886, by falling down Greenback slope. He left a wife and eight children. Deceased and another man, named Matthew Lambert, were employed as pump engineers, one night, the other day, exchanging every week. At the time of the accident, deceased was working by night. He came to work about half past five, Pp. M., and he and Lambert talked for a while on the top of the slope. Then Lambert went home. According to the evidence of William Beadle, the hoisting engineer on night turn that week, he left deceased down the slope about half past six, p. Ma. He (Beadle) discovered that a feed pump on top, which he also was running to feed the boilers, was running on air. Hethen went down the slope to the top lft, and found one of deceased's pumps alsorunning on air. Healso found deceased's hat and lamp in the truck in which he (Jones) was left down the slope. Beadle then looked in the upper lift pump engine-house for deceased, but could not find him. He then went down the slope convenient to the surface of the water. There he found him dead. He way lying on his back, his head up the pitch, and his right arm caught around a spring pole in use on the pump.
AccipENtT No. 3.—James Ryan, top of slope man, a single man, aged eighteen years, was killed in Big Mountain colliery by falling down the slope November 3, 1886. It appears by the evidence that during the dinner hour, after he had eaten his dinner, he, with another young man, went down about nine or ten feet below the knuckle or top of slope, as was customary, to put in a pulley. When about finished he slipped and rolled down theslope to the bottom. When found he was dead, his brains oozing out through his skull.
176 REPORTS oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Explosion of Carburetted Hydrogen Gas.
Accident No, 1.—Daniel Woland, miner, aged thirty-five years, died on August 26, 1886, from injuries received on the 23d by being burned by carburetted hydrogen gas in Lykens Valley colliery. According to the evidence taken at the inquest, about twelve o'clock, m., there was a rush of coal in one of the breasts of the Short Mountain and Lykens Valley colliery, No. 3, east gangway, by which a large quantity of carburetted hydrogen gas was given off. This gas was ignited by the naked lamp of John Cook, who was standing on the gangway a considerable distance outside of where the rush of coal and gas took place. James G. Bateman, the inside foreman, fearing that the explosion might set the mine on fire, with seven other men, went along the breeches on the mountain and to the mouth of an air-hole outside to make an examination and ascertain if there were any indications of a fire being down in the mine. According to the evidence, when they arrived at the mouth of the air-hole, everything seemed to be right. Then Mr. Bateman, who was inside of the mouth of the air-hole, between the first and second sets of timber, struck a light with a match, igniting the gas, which gushed out of the mouth of the air-hole, burnall the men; severely injuring some of them.
Kicked by Mules.
AccipENt No. 1.—James Curran, driver, aged nineteen years, a single man, died January 26, 1886, from injuries received in Bear Valley shaft colliery on December 17, 1885, by being kicked by a mule. Deceased was employed driving a team of five mules between the turnout at the west side of the shaft bottom and inside turn-out. On the morning of the accident, when his trip of empty cars started in from the turn-out, he stood at the side while the mules passed. While the third mule was passing him, he kicked and struck him on his hip. He worked after being kicked.
In my investigation of this accident, I was informed that the doctor treated him for rheumatism for some time after the accident, until it was ascertained that the injury was caused by the kick of the mule. On January 20, 1886, the wound was lanced. He died on the 26th. I learned that this mule was of a vicious and stubborn nature, and that — deceased was bent on conquering him.
Accipent No. 2.—James, Andrew, outside laborer, a single man, aged eighteen years, was killed in the outside stable at Hazle Dell © colliery strippings, August 18, 1886, by being kicked by a mule. This accident occurred in the stable during the dinner hour. The water for watering the mules was kept in a barrel in the stable. On the day of the accident the mule was in his stall in the stable. Deceased brought a horse to water, and while drinking the horse stood behind the mule, deceased standing between the two. While in these positions the mule kicked twice, the first time striking the horse in the
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS oF MINES. 1%
side, the second striking deceased on the head near the temple, killing him instantly.
AccipENt No. 8.—John Alexander, Jr., top of slope man at the inside slope of Hazle Dell colliery, a single man, aged ——— years, died December 8, 1886, from injuries received the same day by being struck on the side of the head by a tail-chain, which was kicked by a mule he was driving at the time. The loaded track on the turn-out near the top of the slope was full of loaded coal cars. Two loaded rock cars stood on the empty track. Deceased hitched a mule to the loaded rock cars to admit of empty cars being hauled in. The mule pulled the first car and stretched the coupling chain of the second, but then refused or was not able to pull both cars. Deceased tied him to the loaded coal cars witha halter chain and whipped him. Then deceased hitched the mule to the rock cars a second time, but with the same result, only this time'he kicked the tail chain off and ran toward the head of theslope. He wasstopped by a young man by the name of Taylor. Deceased then brought him back and hitched him a third time to the rock cars, but he could not pull them. Deceased whipped the mule again, and the mule again kicked the tail-chain off and ran for the head of the slope a secondtime. Deceased brought him back and tied him with a halter chain to the cars loaded with rock, and commenced to whip him. The mule began to kick, and while doing so he struck the tail-chain with such force that it in turn struck deceased on the side of the head, inflicting injuries of such a nature as to cause his death from concussion of the brain.
Suffocated by Foul Air.
Accrpent No. 1.—Joseph Zoborney, miner, aged forty-nine, was suffocated by bad air in Luke Fidler colliery on April 19, 1886. He left a wife and three children. At the time of the accident, deceased and a laboring man,named Frank Jacinskie, were driving, at the east side, an air-hole in No. 9 vein from No. 1, inside slope, lower level, up to the counter gangway. Between nine and ten o'clock, p. M., they fired a blast, and they stopped down the breast, after the blast, to let the smoke clear away. Then both went up towards the face. Deceased stopped a short distance below the upper end of the brattice, while Jacinskie went up and dressed off the loose stuff after the blast. After he had done this, he came down to where deceased was sitting, and they talked awhile. Then Jacinskie went up to the face of the hole and commenced to drill a hole. He felt a queer feeling coming over him, which was the effect of the bad air, and called to deceased. He got an answer this time. After awhile he called again, but this time he got no answer; he called again and got no answer. Then he came down to where deceased was sitting. When he got down to where deceased was, Zoborney's light was out. Jacinskie put his left hand on deceased's breast and his right on his shoulder; while doing this, Ja-
178 Reports oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
cinskie's light went out, and he tried to strike some matches with which to light his lam, but the matches would not burn. Jacinskie then
went down to the gangway and out totheslope. There he commenced
shouting, thinking that somebody might be within hearing distance.
He then went up the slope in the dark, until he came to the bottom of
the shaft. There he found the pump engineer. Then they made known what had occured, and men went down into the mine to where
deceased was lying and brought him out to the surface.
Miscellaneous Inside.
AccipENT No. 1.—Daniel Miller, timberman, a single man, aged twenty-two years, died February 14, 1886, from injuries received in Bellmore colliery on February 12,1886, while unloading timber out of a "gunboat" or large car at the bottom of the slope. Deceased and another man, named Madigan, were employed loading and unloading timber for the workingmen. A crane is used for lifting the timber out of the car, and at the time of the accident, they were at the bottom of the slope unloading a car of timber, Madigan taking up the slack chain while deceased was down in the car, and had the chain hitched around a gangway leg. According to the evidence of Madigan, something came down theslopeand struck the crane. Then hestepped back and called to deceased if there was anything wrong, but got no answer. He then looked down into the gunboat pit and saw deceased lying across the timber in the car.
Accripent No. 2.—Isaac F. Kluck, miner and general repairman, aged thirty-two years, was killed by a rush of coal and dirt in Bellmore colliery, April 14, 1886. He left a wife and three children. At the time of the accident, deceased and another man, named Charles Bickel, were cleaning up some slate that fell from the roof over the gangway at No. 25 breast, inside chute in Buck mountain' vein. Deceased was breaking the slate with a hammer, while Bickel was throwing it on — the low side. When about to clean it up, Bickel remarked to deceased: "I think the roof is not safe," to which he replied: "Oh yes, I think it is safe; I don't think there is much in the. chute; if there is, itis packed so tight that it cannot well give way." In a short time — after the fall took place, discharging the chute props, thus causing the loose coal and dirt in the chute to rush down into the gangway, completely covering Kluck. When taken from the pile life was extinct.
Accipent No. 3.—Edward Jones, driver, a single man, aged twentyone years, was killed in Mt. Carmel colliery, July 9, 1886, by being — struck by flying coal from a blast. At the time of the accident, deceased and another driver, named Andrew Dreaher, had taken in a trip of five empty cars to a certain point on No.3 slope, west counter-_ eangway, preparatory to having them loaded. Two miners, named John Zupka and Joseph Mandy, who were working in a breast on the lower level, fired a blast, which blew through into the upper gangway;
REPORTS OF THE INspEcTORS oF MINES. 1T9
some of the coal striking Jones, inflicting injuries which caused his death while being removed to his home.
AccrEnT No. 4.—Patrick Langon, miner, aged forty-eight years, died on August 18, from injuries received on the 7th in North Ashland colhery, by being struck by coal from a blast. He left eight children. Deceased and his son John were working together in breast No. 3, at the west sidein Buck Mountain vein. Between two and three o'clock, p. M., they drilled and tamped a hole at the face of the breast, opposite the inside manway. After they had the hole tamped,they pulled the needle out and put in a patent squib preparatory to firing. Then they commenced to put a length of planks on the manway props. Langon was at the upper end holding the planks in place on the props, the son at the lower end driving the spikes. While thus engaged the blast exploded, some coal striking the father, inflicting fatal injuries.
AccipENt No. 5.—Charles Bickel, chute starter, aged forty years, was killed in Bellmore colliery, October 19, 1886, while starting the battery in inside chute of breast No. 80, top vein, west side. He left a wife. On the day of the accident, deceased was employed as chute starter. In the morning, about seven o'clock, he got dualin caps and squibs from Richard White, one of the inside bosses. From that time until fifteen minutes after ten, A. M., when he was found dead in the chute, no body knew of his whereabouts. When found by White, he was lying up the pitch with his head, on the side of which was a large wound.
AccrpENt No. 6.—Charles Albert Sellers, laborer, aged thirty-two years, was killed in Buck Ridge colliery, November 15, 1886, in No. 8 slope by a prop falling on him. He left a wife and one child. At the time of the accident, deceased and four or five other men were employed cleaning up and timbering the slope. William Rehrer, the man in charge, according to the evidence, forbade deceased a dozen times" before the prop fell on him, digging near it. Rehrer said that he did not want it disturbed until a new set of timber was put in; unmindful of the orders, he, at intervals, would pick near it, thereby loosening it and causing it to fall on him, killing him instantly.
Miscellaneous Outside.
Accipent No. 1.—Daniel H. Shaffer, outside laborer, aged
years, killed instantly on Cameron colliery dirt bank by being crushed between the bumpers of dirt cars in attempting to uncouple them while in motion, March 4, 1886. He left a wife and two children. locomotive is used to haul the dirt out to end of dirt bank. On the day of the accident, between three and four o'clock, p. M., when the loaded dirt cars were out near end of dirt bank, and in motion, Shaffer attempted to uncouple them, and his head was caught between the bumpers.
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REPORTS oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Seventh Anthracite Coal District.
Synopsis of the report of Inspector Samuel Gay, for the year ending
December 31, 1886. Compiled by the Bureau: Number of mines in the district,
Number of mines operated eon which aetiog were
gathered,
Average working fet in Bercy ee ee nine mines, .
Persons employed inside of mines, .
Persons employed outside of mines,
Total number of persons employed,
Number of fatal accidents,
Number of non-fatal accidents,
Persons employed per fatal accident, .
Persons employed per non-fatal accident, . Number of tons of coal mined,
Number of tons of coal appe. a, Number of tons increased production over year r 1885, Number of tons of coal mined per fatal accident,
Number of kegs of powder used in mines, Number of steam boilers in use,
Number of horses and mules in service, Number of widows, .
Number of orphans,
Number of tons of coal mined per non-fatal accident,
al
There was a decrease of two in cae nee of fatal aee adele and
a decrease of thirty-six in number of non-fatal accidents.
194 Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines.
Seventh Anthracite District.
PottsviLLE, Lebruary 22, 1887. Honorable J. Srrpson Arrica, Secretary of Internal Affairs :
Sir: I have the honor of submitting herewith my twelfth annual report as Inspector of coal mines in accordance with an act of Assembly, approved June the 30, 1885.
The report contains the usual tables, showing the number of accidents, fatal and non-fatal, arising from various causes, during the year 1886; also the amount of coal produced during the same period, and such other data and information deemed to be of importance.
We are pleased to state that the number of fatal accidents is ten per cent. less than those of the preceding year, and the number of nonfatal casualties shows a decrease of fifty per cent.
Within the same period the output of coal was increased eight per cent. There was also an increase in the number of persons employed of six per cent.
The casualties causing the death of twenty-one persons resulted from the following causes, viz: One man slipped on ,the ice and fell down a slope, four were fatally injured by blasting material, two were suffoeated by a rush of coal thrown out by an outburst of gas, five were crushed to death by falls of roof and coal, two by the breaking of a hitching plate, to which the dirt dumper on a dirt plane was attached to the hoisting rope, two lost their lives by a rush of water, one boy fatally injured by machinery in a breaker, one man crushed to death at the bottom of a slope by a mine car, two were fatally injured by the bursting of a steam boiler. another fell off a trestle and died from the effects of his injuries.
Out of the twenty-one persons who lost their lives, four were victims of their own recklessness. In fact, their deaths was more entitled to the name of suicide, than that of accidental.
SAMUEL GAY, Inspector of Mines, Seventh District.
REporTs oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. a
TABLE No. 1—Fatal Accidents.—Comparative statement of fatal casualties that occurred during the years 1885 and 1886.
Years.
Cause Of Accidents.
Pets On O-CAMD kk Gk ee ee 2
Pere COM OTC MOOK. ge een ee Rk ke i how oe 18 5
Crushed by mine cars, .. Set Sakray caer a ek Ses Pera ey Lites 4
By machinery on the surface, ey epee tO aes ERE ria 2 il i
By machinery under ground,
Falling down shafts, : PA RRR od Niet Vis ray apiece ee
Falling down slopes, ; rR POE gt et ee OR Pee PE 1 R
Breaking of ropes or chains, 2
Explosions of blasting material, BURT ae ae AN eb eee 2 4
SUMP LPRewIS CAUSOS: 5. yc se lnk aden & Swe We Be aR we + 8. Total munmioeror fatal accidents;.. . .4.<4 6.66 © yh bee 23 21.
TABLE No. 2.—Number of fatal accidents and amount of coal produced per life lost by the different companies and individual firms for the year 1886,
3 pe oe o 2, ey, Se! Ce ee f OPERATORS. ao as Baa a'D Shs Epa iz ihe am Philadelphia and Reading Coaland Iron Company, 9 141,299 Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company, 3 168,398 Alliance Coal Company, otic, 41a nah eM cds, ni es gi 1 159, 083 MMUIOCIMIRIERECEEIA Ge ok we eS i ke we 8 69,871 sy cll en nS URE ee 5b fa te Ne ge Re pe 8S yal fe Nets 21
TABLE No. 3—Non-fatal Accidents.--Comparative statement of non-fatal casualties occurring during the years 1885 and 1886.
YEARS. CAUSE OF ACCIDENTS. as 1885. 1886.
eG eOmeG GCO-ANNDy se eis G foe pie tb ht gp ke ee ES 17 3 TPES; come cevopeil 5 010) ee en 21 16 By mine cars,. . te At ao eR os Sky 14 4 By machinery on the surface, de te ee a a a ae ae ae 1 By machinery under ground, Falling down shafts, Falling down slopes, ; J 1 Breaking of ropes and chains, ] Explosions of blasting material, 9 6 Miscellaneous, 'So be tos 15 13
Totals, 79 43,
196 Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines.
TABLE No. 4.—Table showing the total amount of coal shipped to market, together with the estimated amount used or sold at the collieries.
YEARS. 1885. 1886. Ameri Of coal shipped, <0... ci on s-< aw ee 2,164,815 2,335, 862 Amount of coal sold or used at collieries,. 129,888 141,517 Total number of tonsproduced, 2,294,703 2,476,013 JAC ACTS 2 aC ne ie eM RIES ny eM ee 181 310
TABLE No. 5.—Statement showing a general comparison between the years 1885 and 1886, respectively.
Years.
1885. 1886. Nimber of persons Gniployed," oan be i ef eae me 7,625 8,075 Number of tons of coal produced per lifelost, 99,769.07 117,905 Ratio of cin ployés, per life Jost, -.. 6 2. sah no es 3313; 384 Number of tons produced per each person seriously injured, . . |29,05933 57,349 Mong: of coal mined per each employs, . 2... ndeapa 5 Gee ss 30145 305 Ratio of employés per serious personalinjury, 915% 187
TABLE No. 6.—Showing number of deaths and ratios of the same, per every thousand employés of the different companies and individual firms for the year 1886.
Cy Oor mn 5) nD 27 us mw Oy Be vee) eae ae |-g8 [eae3 ae ROO PO 5 Foss A Zi has Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company. . . 4,575 9 Lenin 'Lehigh Coal and Navigation,. ++ +++. 1,467 3 2h Alhanee Ooal Company, . . 9.90 6 ee ee sie 540 1 ae "Tnoividwaliirms, :.. . sts wee he WO la eo 1,493 8) 18 Potala. si Oi Se eel eee eee 8,075 21 2s
Notwithstanding the sad and deplorable loss of life shown in the foregoing tables, it is an undeniable fact that the occupation of those employed in and about the anthracite mines, is much less hazardous than it was at the time the first State mining law was enacted for the protection of the employés engaged in mining.
It is probably true that the enactment of the law did not bring about the sudden and sweeping effect in preventing the loss of life and limb as had been anticipated, nevertheless, if we take records of the former years and compare them with the last, it will be seen that the death rate per thousand is from fifty to seventy per cent. less, and
Reports OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. 197
that the output of coal has increased at about the same ratio since the passage of the first act in 1870.
Under the provisions of an act passed June 30, 1885, the court appointed for the Seventh district to act as the examining board Mr. Thomas Doyle, mine superintendent, and Mr. H. 8. Crooks, a miner, in conjunction with the mine inspector, as provided for by the act. Thirty-six persons received certificates of service and seventeen received certificates of competency.
The following are the names of those receiving certificates in the
Seventh or Pottsville district:
Names of Persons that Received Certificates of Service under the Act of June 30, 1885, Article 8.
Names. Nationality. Age. Thomas P. Thomas, . Welsh, pag 58 John F. Williams, W elsh, 45 George Keith, German, 47 Dayid Jones, Welsh, . 38 Thomas Oliver, English, . 46 James McDonald, . ADICTICAN, . . 50 Michael Flanagan, Scotch, . 38 Thomas Elthringham, English, . 45 Thomas Brockson, English, . 62 Michael Devlin, . American, . 44 William Godfrey, i Siafest(-) 0 Waar 48 William Taylon, English, . . 42 John Atkinson, . . American, . 39 Michael Hibbert, German, 51 Arche McDonald, Irish, 50 John Welsh, Irish, ; 48 Martin Kelley, American, . 36 Thomas Dayis, on Welsh, 43 Daniel Fitzpatrick, Trish, Tee 48 John Loreny, American, . 33 John Kopp, . . eo American, . 44 Harry N eidhommer, American, . 42, Patrick Birenz, Trish, 4] Matthew Beddow, Welsh, 46 Lowes Lorenz, German, 3 - 60 Daniel Thompson, English, . . 45 Silas Thompson, English, . . 50 Peter EH. Jones, . Welsh, 40 William D. Thomas, Welsh, 44 John McGuire, English, . 40 David J. Lewis, . American, . 44 Thomas Doyle, American,. . . 47 Morgan Price, . American, . . 44 James Kealey, ines Irish, ae 48 John Elthringham, ; English, 68
Names of Persons who Recetved Seveiieatés of Gomperencey andes ike Act of June 30, 1886, Article 8.
Names. Nationality. Age. Richard Edwards, . : , W elsh, : : : 33 Harry Alsop, English, 55 Jobn Curral, Trish, 36 Ruber Price, English, 40 Edwin Thompson, English, 36 John H. Reilly, . American, . . 33 Michael Conway, American, 3 Patrick McDonald, American, . 34 Daniel Griffith, Welsh, 45 Thomas Campbell, American, 35 James Mauchlen, . Scotch, f 29 John Purcell, American, . 35 Thomas Devlen, American, . 31 Martin Pursell, American, . 29 Andrew Crawford, Scotch, 36 Harry S. Crooks, English, . 58 Albert Thompson, English, . 24
198 Reports oF THE INSPECTORS OF MINEs.
Fatal Accidents.
AccipEnts Nos. 5 anp 6.—We regret to have to report again one of those uncontrollable and distressing accidents resulting from an outburst of fire damp at Phoenix Park, No. 3 colliery, by which two unfortunate men lost their lives.
The men were employed as gangway laborers, and were working under the direction of a miner who had the contract for driving the gangway.
Sketch No. 1 represents the section of the gangway and the schutes and cross headings where the outburst occurred. On the night of the accident five miners and two fan boys were all that were engaged in the colliery.
By reason of the frequent outbursts the day shift had been discontinued some time previous to the accident, the work in gangway A. and in schutes and cross heading, B and C was then confined to nights work, and the workmen restricted to the use of locked safety lamps.
On the night of the accident the workmen had been engaged in the usual way without any indications of an' outburst. About twelve o'clock, fortunately, the miner had an occasion to go back to point D, where his supply box was located. He had no sooner reached the box, when he heard the report of the outburst. Thinking it had occurred at the gangway face, he called to his laborers to run, at the same time making his way toward them, but to his surprise when he got as far as shute B he found the miners who were working in B on the gangway nearly exhausted, the openings charged with gas, and the volume rapidly increasing, driving the two back to point EH, according to the testimony of the men. It was from fifteen to twenty minutes before the force of the outburst of gas had expended itself sufficiently to allow them to make an attempt to rescue the two laborers. However, when they reached point B, to their dismay, they found that the gangway had not only been blocked with gas, but that it had also been filled to the roof with coal thrown from the face of the schute by the outburst.
Still hoping their fellow workmen were yet alive at the gangway face, they commenced to make an opening over the top of the loose coal, but had not gotten far with the opening when the lifeless bodies of the unfortunate laborers were found. They had been buried alive by the rush of coal forced from the face, by the pent up pressure of the gas. It is quite evident that as soon as the men heard the report, caused by the discharge of the gas, they made a rush out of the gangway, but unfortunately were caught by the mass of material thrown from the face.
Notwithstanding the opening B was but five feet wide by four feet high, over twenty tons of coal had been displaced from the solid face. It was very fortunate that the men had strictly complied with the
Reports Of The Inspectors Of Mines. 199
rules of the colliery by using none but safety lamps. Had they used an open light, it is more than probable that instead of having to record the two, as it is now, we should have had the painful duty of recording the whole of the number engaged in the mine that night.
AccweENts Nos. 9 anp 10.—These two unfortunate victims, of their own recklessness, lost their lives in a small colliery near Minersville, known as the Wolf Creek Diamond, operated by John Lawrence, and employing. under ground, six persons. The mine is opened by a waterlevel drift. Sketch No. 2 represents the section of the mine where the accident occurred ; letter A represents the gangway now in operation, and letter B indicates an old gangway worked out.and abandoned a number of years previous to the present operation. The distance between A and B is about fifty feet, hence the coal that was being worked was that in the pillar between the two gangways, A and B. Up to the time of the accident, gangway A had been extended a distance of about fourteen hundred yards, and the coal worked out between the two levels, hence what little water had accumulated in the old gangway had been tapped and drawn off as the lower workings advanced without any mishap, until the time these two men, Russell and Kelley, lost their lives. These men were fully aware of the situation of the old gangway, and the amount of water it contained in vertical height, to which their fellow workmen and Mr. Lawrence testified at the coroner's inquisition. John Lawrence, the operator, testified that two weeks prior to the accident he had examined the old gangway and found a small fall of rubbish by which the water in the gangway was dammed back to the height of three feet. These facts he stated to Russell and Kelley, ordering them to keep a bore hole ahead in the face of the breast after reaching a given distance. Two days before the accident, Lawrence sent Edward Wigmore, a miner, who was working in the next breast to them, to warn them to keep the bore hole ahead. When Wigmore delivered the message, Russell replied: Do you think I am a d—d fool, and not knowing what I am doing?" Harry Bush, another miner, working alongside of them, in the inside breast, testified that he had told Russell to keep the bore hole ahead on the evening before, and again in the morning of the day of the accident, and Russell told him it was all right.
Notwithstanding these warnings, the two unfortunate victims of their own folly, continued to work on in the usual manner, without taking the precautionary measures they had frequently been requested to take for their own protection against a sudden rush of water, which they well knew was sure to follow, if they broke through into the old gangway B, with a large opening. Nevertheless, it was evident, beyond a doubt, from the indications shown by the opening, that they had continued undermining the vein until there remained only about six inches between them and the water, when the face of coal evidently
200 REpoRTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
suddenly gave way, making an opening into the old gangway about seven feet wide and five feet high, through which the volume of water rushed, carrying its victims and loose coal down the breast before it, until they reached the battery above the gangway. Here Russell's mangled body was found, and Kelley's was found some distance from the place of accident, where he had died.
REPORTS OF THE InspecToRS OF MINES.
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