Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences (OFR 02-189)

K.R. Long, B.S. Van Gosen, N.K. Foley & D. Cordier · 2002 · Critical Minerals

Database compilation of every known REE-bearing site worldwide with attribute information — host rock, mineralogy, grade, tonnage, deposit type.

This 2002 document, Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences (OFR 02-189), is preserved in the Mountain Man Mining Library for research and reference. Original source: pubs.usgs.gov.

Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences by Greta J. Orris1 and Richard I. Grauch2 Open-File Report 02-189 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1 U.S. Geological Survey, 520 N. Park Ave., Tucson, AZ 85719 2 U.S. Geological Survey, MS 973, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 3 DATA DESCRIPTION 3 REFERENCES 10 TABLES Table 1. Rare earth mineral codes and associated mineral names 6 Table 2. Non-rare earth mineral codes and associated mineral names 7 Table 3. Other abbreviations and acronyms used in this report. APPENDICES Appendix A. REE deposits

INTRODUCTION Data on rare earth (including yttrium) mines, deposits, and occurrences were compiled as part of an effort by the USGS and the University of Arizona Center for Mineral Resources to summarize current knowledge on the supply and demand outlook and related topics for this group of elements. Economic competition and environmental concerns are increasingly constraining the mining and processing of rare earths from the Mountain Pass mine in California. For many years, the deposit at Mountain Pass was the world's dominant source of rare earth elements and the United States was essentially self-sufficient. Starting approximately 10 years ago, the U.S. has become increasingly dependent 90 percent of separated rare earths) upon imports from China, now the dominant source of rare earths. Knowledge of the known economic and noneconomic sources of rare earths is basic to evaluating the outlook for rare earth supply and associated issues. DATA DESCRIPTION Data on rare earth mines, deposits, and occurrences were collected from a variety of sources, including: databases of the U.S. Geological Survey and other agencies; published literature; gray literature and unpublished data and compilations; and company, institute, and government websites. Data on rare earth occurrences were included in the compilation along with mines and deposits of known economic potential to better reflect the geologic spectrum of rare earth element concentration. Many of the occurrences have not been well studied and the economic potential is not really known. Throughout this report and the accompanying data tables, the following abbreviations are used: RErare earths; REE-rare earth elements; REO-rare earth oxides. For most of the deposits, the rare earths include yttrium. For a few deposits, yttrium is considered separately because it was treated separately in the literature. The compilation of rare earth mines, deposits, and occurrences may be found in Appendix A.

Data collected for this report include the following fields: Deposit type Deposit or district name Location information: Country State or province Latitude and longitude Source of location information Resource information Tonnage/grade Source of data Production status Mineralogy Rare earth minerals Other ore/significant minerals Gangue/rock-forming minerals Geochronology Age (method, material) Host rock Company Comments References The rare earth occurrences were initially classified into the following deposit types: carbonatites, carbonatites with residual enrichment, alkaline igneous complexes, hydrothermal iron-oxide deposits, deposits hosted by metamorphic rocks, shoreline placer deposits, alluvial placer deposits, paleoplacers, ion adsorption weathering crusts, phosphorites, uranium deposits, and "Other", a miscellaneous and unkown deposits category. To decrease the number of deposits classified as "Other", the following categories were added: other igneous-affiliated deposits (including pegmatites and veins) and placers of unkown origin. In addition, subcategories were used within the "Other" category for deposits of known deposit type, but with too few rare earth occurrences to justify a separate category. Sub-categories within "Other" include:

bauxite and laterite-hosted and those affiliated with fluorspar and lead deposits of various origins. Within each deposit type, the mines, deposits, and occurrences are listed alphabetically. The deposit or district name field contains the most common name used in the literature for a given mine, deposit, or district/area. Common alternate names and spellings are shown in parentheses. Location information for each site includes country name, state or province name, latitude and longitude in degrees and minutes where available, and a reference for the location information. Most location information was taken from published sources and no effort was made to verify its accuracy. Some province information and latitudes/longitudes were determined using location descriptions and online gazetteers such as those operated by United States National Imagery and Mapping Agency (://164.214.2.59/nimahome.) and the Australian National Mapping Agency (://www.auslig.gov.au/). A minimal amount of resource information is provided in 3 fields: resource tonnage/grade, source, and production status. Published tonnage and grade data are listed with different estimates separated by semicolons; the of the information are separated by semicolons to correspond with the resource figures. For the most part, this information represents geologic estimates. If the grades and tonnages in this field are known to be other than geologic estimates, that information is noted. The reader should know that for most resource estimates, the grade for REE or REO includes yttrium, if not, the yttrium grade will be listed separately. Most of the sites in this compilation are occurrences of rare earths. Other designations in the production status field include active producer, by product rare earth (RE) producer, past producer, and potential producer. This field is left blank if no information or conflicting information was given in the source The next three fields describe the mineralogy of the site. Minerals known to be, or reported to be, rare earth-bearing are listed in the "RE Mineralogy" field. To help keep the size of the table compact, abbreviations are used for the mineral names; these abbreviations may be found in table 1. Ore & other significant minerals and gangue & rock-forming minerals of interest are found in the fields

Table 1. Rare earth mineral codes and associated mineral names. Code Mineral Name Code Mineral Name Code Mineral Name aes aeschynite flor florencite par parisite all allanite fcer fluocerite prv perovskite ana anatase fapa fluorapatite ppyro plumbopyroclore anc ancylite flu fluorite pcra polycrase apa apatite for formanite plit polylithionite ast astrophyllite gad gadolinite pyro pyrochlore bad baddeleyite gag gagarinite rhab rhabdophane pyro bariopyrochlore git gittinsite rink rinkite bas bastnäsite gor gorceixite ros rosenbuschite bran brannerite goy goyazite sah sahamalite bri britholite hel hellandite sam samarskite bro brockite hing hingganite ste steenstrupine bur burbankite hua huanghoite stil stillwellite ccer carbocernaite hapa hydroxlapatite syn synchysite cay caysichite iim iimoriite teng tengerite cer cerianite joa joaquinite tha thalenite pyro ceriopyrochlore kai kainosite thor thorite crt cerite kam kamphaugite tit titanite che chevkinite kar karnasurtite ves vesuvianite chu churchite kei keiviite who wöhlerite coll collophane kul kuliokite xen xenotime col columbite lav lavenite ytt yttrialite cor cordylite Les lessingite ytan yttrotantalite cran crandallite lpha leucophanite zirk zirkelite daq daqingshanite lop loparite dav davidite lov lovchorrite eud eudialyte lue lueshite eux euxenite mis miserite ferg fergusonite mon monazite fers fersmite mos mosandrite following the rare earth mineralogy. The mineral names for the abbreviations used in these fields may be found in table 2. Age of mineralization, age date method and (or) material, and host rock are the other fields containing geologic information. The age field contains a generalized geologic age classification and (or) a numeric age. If there is a numeric age, any data on the method, mineral, and rock source used to determine that age will be in the adjacent field. For instance, if a date was determined using K-Ar (method) on phlogopite (mineral or material) from carbonatite (rock source), "(K-Ar, phlo, carbonatite)" will follow the numeric age.

Table 2. Non-rare earth mineral codes and associated mineral names. Code Mineral Code Mineral Code Mineral act actinolite cbe chrysoberyl hem hematite aeg aegirine cin cinnabar hin hinsdalite aen aenigmatite cly clay hrt hiortdahlite agr agrellite chum clinohumite hol hollandite alb albite cof coffinite horn hornblende ama amazonite coll collophane hapa hydroxlapatite amph amphibole col columbite ilm ilmenite anl analcime crn corundum irut ilmenorutile ana anatase cran crandallite inn innelite anhy anhydrite croc crocidolite iso isokite ank ankerite cry cryolite kao kaolinite ann annite cub cubanite kat katophorite ano anorthoclase daw dawsonite kup kupletskite apa apatite dia diamond kya kyanite arag aragonite dsp diaspore lab labuntsovite arf arfvedsonite dio diopside lam lamprophyllite arm armstrongite dol dolomite lat latrappite apy arsenopyrite edi edingtonite lav lavenite ast astrophyllite elp elpidite lei leifite aug augite epd epididymite leu leucoxene azu azurite epi epidote lim limonite bad baddeleyite eps epistolite lom lomonosovite pyro bariopyrochlore eud eudidymite lor lorenzenite bar barite fay fayalite lovo lovozerite bry barylite fld feldspar lue lueshite bert bertrandite fed ferro-edenite lus lusungite beta betafite fer fersmanite mgs magnesite bio biotite fapa fluorapatite mag magnetite bis bismuthinite flu fluorite mal malachite boh bömite fers fersmite mar marcasite bor bornite frs forsterite mrt martite bran brannerite gah gahnite mel melanite brk brookite gal galena mll melilite cah cahnite gar garnet mica mica cal calcite grg georgechaoite mcc microcline can cancrinite gib gibbsite mlyb molybdenite car carbonate git gittinsite mnt monticellite cas cassiterite gla glaucophane mont montmorillonite cata catapleiite goe goethite mur murmanite cel celestite got götzenite musc muscovite crs cerussite goy goyazite nah nahcolite cld chalcedony gra graphite nar narsarsukite chalcocite grn garnierite nat natrolite cpy chalcopyrite gyp gypsum nnb natroniobite chk chkalovite has hastingsite nep neptunite chl chlorite hau hauyne neph nepheline cho chondrodite hed hedenbergite nphy niobophyllite chr chromite hlv helvite nio niocalite

Table 2. (cont'd). Code Mineral Code Mineral Code Mineral ok okaite rink rinkite thor thorite olig oligoclase ros rosenbuschite tgum thorogummite oliv olivine rut rutile tit titanite omph omphacite sam samarskite top topaz orth orthoclase san sanadine tour tourmaline pkel parakeldyshite sca scapolite trem tremolite pec pectolite sch scheelite uran uraninite pent pentlandite sel sellaite uph uranophane prv perovskite srn serandite val valleriite phe phenakite src sericite van vanadinite phlo phlogopite ser serpentine var variscite plit polylithionite sid siderite vrm vermiculite pow powellite sil sillimanite villiaumite pyr pyrite sod sodalite vivianite pyro pyrochlore sph sphalerite vla vlasovite plus pyrolusite snn stannite wag wagnerite prym pryomorphite sta staurolite wav wavellite pph pyrophanite sti stibnite wlf wolframite pyx pyroxene str strontianite wol wollastonite pyrh pyrrhotite sva svanbergite wul wulfenite qtz quartz tae taeniolite zeo zeolite rho rhodonite tan tantalite zir zircon rich richterite tet tetrahedrite zoi zoisite rie riebeckite

thorianite Table 3. Other abbreviations and acronyms used in this report. Abbreviation/ Acronym Explanation ABMRGG Australia Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics ama as much as ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific HM heavy HREE heavy rare earth elements LREE light rare earth elements Ma million years MASMILS Mineral Availability System, Mineral Information Locator System MRDS Mineral Resources Data System Mt millions of metric tons NIMA National Imagery and Mapping Agency RE rare REE rare earth elements REO rare earth oxides, undifferentiated USGS U.S. Geological Survey

Host rock contains a description of the host rock for the mineralization and may contain the age of the host rock if it is different from the age of mineralization The remaining fields in the data compilation list the owner/operator (Company) of the site, additional commentary on the site (Comments), and the references used to compile the data in the table (References). Data in the comments field may include location, geologic, or economic information. If a deposit's classification is uncertain, that information will also be listed in the comments field.

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APPENDIX A. REE Deposits

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

CARBONATITE Adiounedj Mali 20-11N 0-04E Woolley, 2001 Agate Mountain Namibia 18-27S 12-05E Woolley, 2001 Aley Canada British Columbia 56-27N 123-44W Nokleberg and others, Amma (Amba) Dongar (Ambadungar) India 105 Mt @ 3% REO; 11.6 Mt @ 30% CaF2 Singer, 1998; Pell, 1996 Anezrouf Mali 20-04N 0-03E Sauvage and Savard, Argor (South Bluff Creek, James Bay, AlphaB) Canada Ontario 50-45N 81-01W Woolley, 1987 Bailundo Angola 12-09S 15-57E Woolley, 2001 Barra do Itapirapua Brazil Sao Paulo 24-41S 49-13W Woolley, 1987 Bayan Obo (Baotou) China Inner Mongolia 41-45N 109-58E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 750 Mt @ 4.1% REO; 48 Mt @ 6% REO, 15000 Mt @ 35% Fe; 800 Mt @ 6% REO (1990); 36 Mt REO Singer, 1998; Drew and others, 1990; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Kingsnorth and Harries-Rees, 1993

Bear Lodge Mountains (southern) USA Wyoming 44-29N 104-27W Woolley, 1987 726 Mt @ 1.306% REO (1978) Jackson and Christiansen, Bearpaw Mountains (Rocky Boy) USA Montana 48-10N 109-44W Woolley, 1987 Big Spruce Lake Canada Northwest Territories 63-33N 115-55W Woolley, 1987 Bonga Angola Huila? 4-16S 13-58E Woolley, 2001 Bou Naga Mauritania 20-48N 13-42W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 3.66% REO; 0.1 Mt @ 8% mon or 4.4% REO (1970) Neary and Highley, 1984; Jackson and Christiansen, Capuia Angola Bié 11-54S 16-15E Woolley, 2001 Location Page 28

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name CARBONATITE Adiounedj Agate Mountain Aley Amma (Amba) Dongar (Ambadungar) Anezrouf Argor (South Bluff Creek, James Bay, AlphaB) Bailundo Barra do Itapirapua Bayan Obo (Baotou)

Bear Lodge Mountains (southern) Bearpaw Mountains (Rocky Boy) Big Spruce Lake Bonga Bou Naga Capuia Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Occurrence syn flu, tit, apa, bar, pyro qtz, cal, Fe oxides, can, sod, aegaug, cal Permian? Occurrence bas flu, Mn Post-early Cretaceous fers pyro, col, apa, rut, mag, zir 349 ± 12 Ma (K-Ar, mica) -- Mississippian Active F producer (2002) flu, P Occurrence pyro, woh apa, tit, flu, zir, pyr sod, can, aeg, aug, cal, wol, neph, pyx, bio Permian or younger apa, Ti-mag, pyro, zir, pyr, cpy dol, rie, phlo, cal, oliv, bio, aug Occurrence bas, par, syn, RE phosphates apa, bar, pyro, mag, hol, str cal, dol, ank Cretaceous Occurrence bas, anc, syn, par flu, gal, bar, str, pyro cal, dol, mll, qtz Current producer bas, mon, aes, all, apa, par, hua, ferg, fers, xen, daq, cor, ccer, che, bri mag, hem, flu, apa, bar, Nb-rut, col, mrt, pyro, pyr, ana dol, qtz, cal, fld, arf, phlo,aeg, rie, bio Middle Proterozoic-- 1580 Ma Large, low-grade resource of REETh mon, xen, anc, bas str, hem, thor, U, Nb, flu, Ba, mag aeg-aug, act, qtz, fld, cal, bio, horn 38.3 to 50.5 Ma (K-Ar, san,) Occurrence anc, bur apa, Zr, U, Nb, pyr, mag, tit pyx, anl, bio, aug, , neph, qtz, cal, fld Eocene-- 49-55 Ma (K-Ar) Occurrence flu, tit, apa, mag bio, sod, neph, aeg, zeo 1785 Ma (K-Ar, bio, nepheline syenite) Occurrence par, syn apa, pyr, bar, pyro, mag, rut, str, P gar, cal, ank-dol, bio Past small producer? bas, mon Occurrence Th, mag, bar, U, Sr, Nb, Cu, Zn, Zr Mineralogy Page 29

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name CARBONATITE Adiounedj Agate Mountain Aley Amma (Amba) Dongar (Ambadungar) Anezrouf Argor (South Bluff Creek, James Bay, AlphaB) Bailundo Barra do Itapirapua Bayan Obo (Baotou)

Bear Lodge Mountains (southern) Bearpaw Mountains (Rocky Boy) Big Spruce Lake Bonga Bou Naga Capuia Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES fenite, rodbergite, syenite, carbonatite Hydrothermal syn found in flu, cal, and qtz. Woolley, 2001; Wall and Mariano, 1996; Mariano, 1983a; Sauvage and Savard, 1985 beforsitic carbonatite, breccia, fenite Carbonatite contains irregular patches of bastnasite. Woolley, 2001; McManus and Schneider, 1994 Aley Carbonatite complexcarbonatite REE is associated with soviet veins. Nokleberg and others, 1997; Pell, 1996 carbonatite Veins in carbonatite. Singer, 1998; Pell, 1996 nepheline syenite, ijolite, carbonatite, phonolite, pyroxenite, fenite Woolley, 2001; Sauvage and Savard, 1985 carbonatite, pyroxenite, gneiss Woolley, 1987 calcite carbonatite, phoscorite, fenite Small scale mining of magnetite has occurred. Woolley, 2001; Alberti and others, 1999 carbonatite (sovitic), nepheline syenite, pulaskite ama 6% REE in hematite mine. REE probably from hydrothermal solutions. Woolley, 1987; Mariano, 1989; Mariano, 1979; Ulbrich and Gomes, 1981 dolomite, trachyte, fenite MRDS gives location as 41-38N, 110-00E. Singer, 1998; Drew and others, 1990; Castor, 1994; Mariano, 1989; Möller, 1989a; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Lee, 1970; Yuan Zhongxin and others, 1992; Kingsnorth and Harries-Rees, 1993; Wu and others, 1996; Zhang Peishan and others, 1995; Zhou, 1980; Chao and others, 1989; Yuan Zhongxin and others, 2000 trachyte, phonolite, minor syenite and nepheline syenite, carbonatite Veins and disseminated deposits. Samples ranged from 112 to 30000 ppm with REE more abundant than Th. Area incompletely explored. Woolley, 1987; Mariano,1989; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; King, 1991; Mariano, 1981a shonkonite, monzonite, porphyritic potassic syenite, pyroxenite Lat-long is for the Rocky Boy stock. Woolley, 1987; Hearn and others, 1964; Wall and Mariano, 1996 ijoite, ultramafic rocks, syenite, carbonatite Woolley, 1987 carbonatite, fenite Carbonatite plug. Premoli, 1994; Woolley, 2001; Alberti and others, hydrothermal carbonatite LREE dominant. Deposit was worked for 18 months 1968-1970. AOMR gave location of 18-59N, 13-19W. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Neary and Highley, 1984; Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, 1987 carbonatite, fenite High grades of REE and Th have been reported. Premoli, 1994; Woolley, 2001 Page 30

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Carb Lake Canada Ontario 54-48N 92-00W Woolley, 1987 Cerro Manomo Bolivia Santa Cruz 15-30S 60-43W Woolley, 1987 Changit Russia 70-12N 100-06E Kogarko and others, Chernigovskii (Novopoltavskii) Ukraine 47-14N 36-15E Kogarko and others, Chiriguelo Paraguay 22-39S 55-57W Woolley, 1987 Coola Angola Huambo 12-31S 15-16E Woolley, 2001 Dalkainle Somalia 10-24N 43-16E Woolley, 2001 Deep Creek USA Oregon 42-03N 119-57W USGS, 2002, Geographic Names Information System Eldor Carbonatite Complex Canada Quebec 56-36N 68-25W Wright and others, Elet'ozerskii (Elet'ozero) Russia 66-04N 31-57E Kogarko and others, Elk Creek USA Nebraska 40-18N 96-12W Woolley, 1987 Eureka Namibia 21-58S 15-19E Woolley, 2001 Proven: 0.03 Mt@ 6.3% REE (1989, to 20 m depth) McManus and Schneider, 1994 Fen Norway 59-17N 9-17E Commission for Geological Map of the World, 1972 Francon Quarry - Orleans (Eastview) Canada Ontario 45-28N 75-33W Woolley, 1987 Gatineau Canada Quebec Gem Park USA Colorado 38-16N 105-33W Woolley, 1987 Page 31

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Carb Lake Cerro Manomo Changit Chernigovskii (Novopoltavskii) Chiriguelo Coola Dalkainle Deep Creek Eldor Carbonatite Complex Elet'ozerskii (Elet'ozero) Elk Creek Eureka Fen Francon Quarry - Orleans (Eastview) Gatineau Gem Park Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Occurrence syn, anc apa, mag, pyro, pyr, flu, vrm cal, dol, bio 1824 Ma Occurrence bas, mon, cer, La-Nd phosphates and silicates bar, apa, carbonate-hapa, carbonate-fapa, coll, Th, U, Sc, Nb qtz, goe, p Cretaceous? Occurrence pyro, Ti-mag, tit, prv, apa aeg-aug, neph, bio, fld, phlo Occurrence mon, all, anc, Ce-ferg apa, mag, ilm, pyro, zir, tit, ana, bad, col aeg, bio, amph, phlo 1820 - 2190 Ma Occurrence mon, cer, ppyro thor, U-pyro 128 ± 5 Ma (K-Ar, bio, soviet) Occurrence par, syn, RE phosphates bar, flu, Sr, Nb, Zn dol, qtz Cretaceous Occurrence all mag, bar, Sr, pow, mlyb, apa, zir, pyro, pyr, pyrh, Cu dol, cal, qtz Occurrence Nb, P, F, Sr qtz, amph, aen Occurrence mon apa, pyro, fers, zir, rut, bad, U, mag cal, dol, ank, phlo, aeg Precambrian Occurrence all apa, ilm, Ti-mag, pyro, zir, tit, col, fers, thor mcc, neph, aeg, arf, bio 1740-1860 Ma hem, bar, pyr, cpyr, gal, sph, apa, flu dol, ank, phlo, ser, qtz, fld Pre- Pennsylvanian Potential resource mon Zr, mag, gra dol, cal Cambrian-Ordovician Past Nb-Fe producer; REE occurrence mon, syn, par, bas hem, pyro, apa, mag, Th, flu, zir, bar cal, trem, mica, top, zoi Occurrence apa, Nb, Mo, Sr phlo, dol Lower Cretaceous par, syn, mon apa Past prod of vrm, Ni, Ag fers, anc, mon Nb, Th, Cu, apa, str, vrm, bar, mag, lue, nnb, , Ni, Ag dol, cal, aeg, phlo 551 Ma (K-Ar, rie, fenite) Page 32

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Carb Lake Cerro Manomo Changit Chernigovskii (Novopoltavskii) Chiriguelo Coola Dalkainle Deep Creek Eldor Carbonatite Complex Elet'ozerskii (Elet'ozero) Elk Creek Eureka Fen Francon Quarry - Orleans (Eastview) Gatineau Gem Park Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES calcite carbonatite Intrusion does not crop out. Locally REE concentrations ama 72%. Woolley, 1987; Erdosh, 1979; British Sulphur Corporation, 1987 Manomo carbonatite complexsilicified carbonatite, tuff, agglomerate Ama 25% P2O5 locally, ama 0.12% U. Part of the Velasco Alkaline Provine of eastern Bolivia. Area has been silicified. Litherland and others, 1986; Woolley, 1987; Wall and Mariano, 1996; British Sulphur Corporation, 1987; Fletcher and others, 1981; Fletcher and Litherland, jacupirangite, melteigite, carbonatite, stockworks, limestone In Maimecha-Kotui extrusive province. Kogarko and others, 1995 beforsite, alvikite, carbonatite breccia, syenite, pyroxenite Kogarko and others, 1995 soviet, rodbergite, carbonatite, syenite, fenite There is small scale development of laterite with this deposit. Wall and Mariano, 1996; Woolley, 1987 carbonatite breccia, syenite, ijolite, fenite Ama 12500 ppm La has been detected in samples. Premoli, 1994; Woolley, 2001; Alberti and others, carbonatite, syenite, nepheline syenite, gneiss Woolley, 2001 pantellerite SE of Crane Mountain. Woolley, 1987; Walker, 1961 syenite, calcite carbonatite, dolomite carbonatite, ankerite carbonatite, glimmerite, feldspathic breccia Wright, 1997; Wright and others, 1998 carbonatite, alkaline pegmatites, nepheline syenite, gabbro, pyroxenite Kogarko and others, 1995 carbonatite Near Usakos. REE 0.35-1.86% in carbonatite 200 m below Quaternary and Pennsylvanian sediments. Woolley, 1987 carbonate rocks Carbonatite dikes on Eureka 99 farm, 38 km W of Usakos. Resource estimate is to depth of 20 m. Murray, 1989; ; Murray, 1991; Woolley, 2001 ankerite carbonatite, hematite-rich carbonatite Past production of Fe and Nb. REE are highest in rodberg that is red from finely dispersed hematite. O'Driscoll, 1995; Bugge, 1978; Wall and Mariano, limestone Carbonatite dikes in limestone have high concentrations of La, Ce, Nb, Mo and Sr. Woolley, 1987 calcite carbonatite Wall and Mariano, 1996 gabbro, pyroxenite, tuff Carbonatitic dikes. Concentrations of Th, REE, Cu, P, and vermiculite have not been fully appraised. Woolley, 1987; Mariano, 1989 Page 33

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Glenover South Africa Northern Transvaal 24-41S 27-21E USGS, 2001, MASMILS database Gornoe Ozero (Gornoozerskii, Ozrnyi) Russia 59-56N 136-53E Kogarko and others, 0.35% REO Nokleberg and others, 1997 Goudini South Africa Northern Transvaal 25-08S 26-12E Woolley, 2001 Hicks Dome USA Illinois 37-36N 88-24W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 14.7 Mt @ 0.42% REO (1978) Jackson and Christiansen, Iron Hill (Powderhorn, Cebolla Creek) USA Colorado 38-15N 107-03W Woolley, 1987 36.3 Mt @ 0.01% REO; 655.6 Mt @ 0.397% REO (1989) Singer, 1998; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Itanhaem Brazil Sao Paulo 24-08S 46-48W de Souza Rodrigues and Amorim dos Santos Lima, 1984 Kalkfeld (Etaneno) Namibia 20-48S 16-07E Woolley, 2001 20 Mt REO (1989) Jackson and Christiansen, Kapfrugwa (Gungwa) Zimbabwe 16-28S 32-09E Woolley, 2001 Keshya Zambia 15-53S 28-27E Woolley, 2001 Khamna (Khamninskii) Russia 59-43N 136-25E Nokleberg and others, 0.2-1.93% REE Nokleberg and others, 1997 Khanneshin Afghanistan Helmand 30-28N 63-35E ESCAP, 1995 Kirumba Congo (Zaire) 1-05S 29-18E Woolley, 2001 Kizilçaören Turkey Eskisehir 39-38N 31-23E NIMA, 2001 4.7 Mt @ 2.78% REE (1990) Castor, 1994 Kugda Russia 70-43N 103-28E Kogarko and others, Page 34

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Glenover Gornoe Ozero (Gornoozerskii, Ozrnyi) Goudini Hicks Dome Iron Hill (Powderhorn, Cebolla Creek) Itanhaem Kalkfeld (Etaneno) Kapfrugwa (Gungwa) Keshya Khamna (Khamninskii) Khanneshin Kirumba Kizilçaören Kugda Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Past P producer ferg, eux, lop, sam, syn apa, pyro, col, bar, cel, gal, prv, rut, mag, ana, pyr, cpyr, zir, Ta, flu pyx, cal, phlo, qtz Proterozoic Occurrence pyro, fer, bas, par, mon, bur, ccer apa, bar, pyro, beta, col, Sr-tit, flu, zir ank, dol, aug, dio, cal, frs, aeg, arf, chl, rie, alb, qtz 290 Ma (K-Ar, bio, nepheline syenite); 350 Ma (K-Ar, phlo, carbonatite) xen? rut, apa, pyr, bar, flu, ana, brk ank, cal, dol, aeg, lim, alb, phlo, qtz Potential resource xen, bas, chu flu, thor, bar, apa, sulfides, hem cal, qtz 252 ± 13 Ma and 269 ± 13 Ma (K-Ar, bio, mica peridotite) Ti resource/ prospect bas, prv, syn, par, apa, pyro, mon pyro, prv, ilm, rut, zir, apa, Ba, V, U, tit, mag, fapa, flu, thor, vrm phlo, bio Cambrian-- 570 Ma Occurrence Th 129.5 Ma (K-Ar, bio, tinguaite) Th-REE occurrence eud, mon tit, Fe ore, mag, ccc, pyr, bar, pyro, pyr, Sr qtz, chl Jurassic apa apa, mag, pyro dol Occurrence mon, xen mag, pyr, apa, rut, Th, Mn, Pb Occurrence bas, par flu, gal car Occurrence bur, flu, apa, bas apa, bar, flu, pyro, mag, gal, str, Zr, U ank, cal, pyx, phlo, aeg, bio Early Quaternary- Ma (?, mica, soviet) Occurrence che, crt?, lav? mel, tit, apa, zir, flu, pyro, thor, lav alb, zeo, aeg, bio 803 ± 22 Ma (Rb-Sr, whole rock) Potential resource bas flu, bar, Th Tertiary Occurrence phlo, apa, tit, Ti-mag, prv dol, oliv, gar, mnt, wol, cal, dol, pyx, bio, zeo, can 238 Ma (K-Ar, phlo) Page 35

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Glenover Gornoe Ozero (Gornoozerskii, Ozrnyi) Goudini Hicks Dome Iron Hill (Powderhorn, Cebolla Creek) Itanhaem Kalkfeld (Etaneno) Kapfrugwa (Gungwa) Keshya Khamna (Khamninskii) Khanneshin Kirumba Kizilçaören Kugda Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES carbonatite, pyroxenite, breccia Apatite locally constitutes 20% of the ore. Möller, 1989a; Woolley, 2001 carbonatite, pyroxenite, ijolite Nokleberg and others, 1997; Kogarko and others, soviet and beforsite (some metamorphosed), volcanic breccia, tuff The Goudini volcano sits atop ultrabasic rocks on the eastern margin of the Bushveld Complex. Mariano, 1989; Woolley, 2001; Adrian and others, peridotite, intrusive breccia Ore contains 0.42% REO and 0.15% ThO2. Woolley, 1987; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 carbonatite, ijolite, nepheline syenite, pyroxenite, melasyenite, fenite Teck Resources Corp. Anstett, 1986; Castor, 1994; Woolley, 1987; Pell, 1996; Möller, 1989a; Thompson, 1990 tinguaite dikes REE found in biotite tinguaite dikes. Mariano, 1989; Woolley, 1987 carbonatite, syenite, foyaite, iron ore 11 km NW of Kalkfeld. Fe ore and carbonatites are enriched in La, Ce, Neodymium, and thorite. McManus and Schneider, 1994; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Mining Journal, 1989a; Woolley, magnetite-carbonate rock, apatite-magnetite rock Probably metamorphosed carbonatite. Apatite-magnetite rocks contain ama 11% P2O5, 600 ppm Th, and several thousand ppm Ce + La. Woolley, 2001 carbonatite (limestone) This unit has been mapped as a limestone, but chemistry is consistent with late-stage carbonatite. Woolley, 2001 metasomatic carbonate, nepheline syenite, peralkaline syenite Fluorite-carbonate veins and stockworks 0.1 to 1.5 km long and 1.4 - 30 m thick. Nokleberg and others, 1997; Kogarko and others, carbonatite, tuff, agglomerate, phonolite ESCAP, 1995; Abdullah and others, 1977; Alkhazov and others, 1978 syenite, minor carbonatite Woolley, 2001 phonolite, trachyte, and alkaline pyroclastic rocks Maden Tetik ve Arama Enstititüsü Bastnasite-fluorite-barite rock lenses associated with carbonatite dikes. Lat-long is for population center of same name. Castor, 1994; Morteani and Satir, 1989 phoscorite, nephelinite, melteigite, olivinite, jacupiranite, syenite, glimmerite In Maimecha-Kotui extrusive province. Kogarko and others, 1995 Page 36

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Lesnaya Varaka Russia 67-23N 33-04E Kogarko and others, Lofdal-Bergville Namibia Damaraland 20-21S 14-45E Woolley, 2001 Lolekek Uganda 1-45N 34-27E Woolley, 2001 Longonjo (Mt. Chibilundo) Angola Huambo 12-51S 015-15E Premoli, 1994 Lugin Gol Mongolia East Govi 42-57N 108-34E ESCAP, 1999 0.023 Mt REO @ 3.2% REO (drilled) Escap, 1999 Lupongola (Lupulonga, Chitado) Angola Huila 17-11S 13-42E Premoli, 1994 Makonde Tanzania 10-03S 34-31E Woolley, 2001 Marinkas Quellen (Marinkas Kwela) Namibia 28-10S 17-25E Woolley, 2001 Matchinskii Kyrgyzstan 39-32N 70-47E Kogarko and others, Mato Preto Brazil Parana 24-45S 49-12W Woolley, 1987 Megiscane Lake Canada Quebec 48-34N 75-36W Woolley, 1987 0.25% REO Woolley, 1987 Miaoya China Hubei 32-15N 110-12E Zhang Peishan and others, 1995 average grade of 1.7% REO, 0.12% Nb2O5 Wu and others, 1996 Monte Verde Angola Huambo 12-11S 15-02E Woolley, 2001 Mountain Pass USA California 35-29N 115-32W Woolley, 1987 Proven + probable-- 29 Mt @ 8.9% REO (5% cutoff); >40 Mt @ 7.68% REO; 28 Mt @ 8.86% REO; 28.1 @ 12% bas or 8.9% REO (1989); 90 Mt @ 5% REO Castor, 1994; Pell, 1996; Mariano, 1989; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Singer, Page 37

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Lesnaya Varaka Lofdal-Bergville Lolekek Longonjo (Mt. Chibilundo) Lugin Gol Lupongola (Lupulonga, Chitado) Makonde Marinkas Quellen (Marinkas Kwela) Matchinskii Mato Preto Megiscane Lake Miaoya Monte Verde Mountain Pass Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Occurrence RE carbonates, phosphate, & fluocarbonates apa, mag, Ti-mag, pyrh, pyr, zir, lue, tit, dol, trem, phlo, bio, cal, qtz, Occurrence xen, bas, mon, par thor, Nb, hem, mag, zir, flu, apa, W cal, lim Late Proterozoic Occurrence pyro? apa, tit, zir, pyr, pyro, bad, mag bio, trem Occurrence par, syn, others apa, bar, mag, Nb, str, Th, Zn, Cu qtz, Fe oxide Cretaceous Active exploration (1999) bas, syn, par bar, rut car Middle Triassic-- 230 Ma Occurrence Sr, Cu, Zn, Zr Cretaceous Occurrence apa, mag, Ba, Sr cal Occurrence syn, mon, Y-flu pyro aeg-aug, arf Cambrian Occurrence amph, pyx, tour Past F producer flu, Th, P, bar, gal, pyr 65.6 and 67.0 Ma (K-Ar, phonolite) Occurrence mag, pyr, apa bio, pyx 973 ± 36 Ma and 978 ± 40 Ma (K-Ar, bio and horn) Potential resource mon, bas, par, bur apa, flu, col, Nb-rut cal, Fe-dol, bio 231-278 Ma Occurrence apa, pyro, bar, str, tit, zir cal, dol, phlo, Fe oxides, wol 109-130 Ma Current producer bas, par, mon, sah, all, crt bar, sid, Sr-bar, Ba-cel, tit, mag, hem, gal, pyr, cpy, tet, mal, azu, crs, wul, flu, str, apa, thor cal, dol, ank, qtz, croc, chl, bio, phlo, musc, talc, aeg, goe, arag Proterozoic-- 1400 Ma Page 38

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Lesnaya Varaka Lofdal-Bergville Lolekek Longonjo (Mt. Chibilundo) Lugin Gol Lupongola (Lupulonga, Chitado) Makonde Marinkas Quellen (Marinkas Kwela) Matchinskii Mato Preto Megiscane Lake Miaoya Monte Verde Mountain Pass Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES carbonatite, pyroxenite, olivinite, ijolite Kogarko and others, 1995 carbonatite, nepheline syenite Swarm of carbonatite dikes in alkaline rocks. 30 km W of Khorixas on Lofdal 491 and Bergville 490 farms. McManus and Schneider, 1994; Woolley, 2001; Mariano, 2001 ijolite, melteigite, nepheline syenite, carbonatite de Kun, 1987, Mathers, 1994; Woolley, 2001 dolomite carbonatite, feldspathic breccias Premoli, 1994; Alberti and others, 1999, Woolley, nepheline syenite, ijolite, carbonatite dikes In Gobi desert. 20 carbonatite dike zones with 400 separate mineralized pods. Neary and Highley, 1984; Kovalenko and others, 1976; ESCAP, 1999; Kovalenko and Yarmolyuk, 1995 calcite carbonatite, syenite, trachyphonolite Premoli, 1994; Woolley, 2001; Alberti and others, carbonatite Magnesiocarbonatite contains 1500 ppm REE. Woolley, 2001 beforsite, soviet, syenite, nepheline syenite, fenite, granite McManus and Schneider, 1994; Woolley, 2001 schist, nepheline syenite REE occur in carbonatite dikes cutting schists near margins of the intrusion. Kogarko and others, 1995 ijolite, nepheline syenite, carbonatite, phonolite F mine closed in 1999. Woolley, 1987; Pell, 1996 Spectrochemical analyses gave 0.13% CeO and 0.13% LaO. Woolley, 1987 syenite, carbonatite Lat-long for Miaoya population center. Syenite-carbonatite complex intruding Late Proterozoic metavolcanics and Devonian carbonaceous schist. Wu and others, 1996; Wen Lu, 1998; Zhang Peishan and others, 1995 calcite carbonatite, nepheline syenite, fenite Woolley, 2001; Alberti and others, 1999 carbonatite Molycorp (2000) Olson and others, 1954; Woolley, 1987; Castor, 1994; Neary and Highley, 1984; Mariano, 1989; Möller, 1989a; Haxel, in press Page 39

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Mushgai Khudag (Mushgia Khudag, Mushugai Khuduk, Mushugai-Hudag) Mongolia South Govi 44-20N 104-00E ESCAP, 1999 200 Mt @ 1.5% RE; 6.1 Mt @ 1.37% REO ESCAP, 1999; Singer, 1998 Namo-Vara USSR Narssarssuaq (Narssarssuk) Greenland 61-11N 45-25W Woolley, 1987 Ngualla Tanzania 7-42S 32-50E Woolley, 2001 Nizhnesayanskii Russia 53-31N 100-31E Kogarko and others, Nkombwa Hill (Nkumbwa, Nkumba) Zambia 10-09S 32-51E Turner and others, Nolan's Bore Australia Northern Territory 22-35S 133-14E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping Nooitgedacht (Gelukshoek, Nooitgedagt) South Africa 25-03S 27-30E Woolley, 2001 North Fork area USA Idaho 45-24N 114-00W USGS, 2002, Geographic Names Information System ≤ 21% REO Castor, 1994 Nsengwa Malawi 15-25S 34-43E Woolley, 2001 Okorusu Complex Namibia 20-02S 16-46E Woolley, 2001 2-7% REO in siliceous rocks Murray, 1991 Ondurukurme Complex (Ondumakorume, Kameelberg) Namibia 20-46S 16-15E Woolley, 2001 8 Mt @ 3% REO, 0.3% Nb2O5 Singer, 1998 Palabora (Phalaborwa) South Africa 23-59S 31-07E Towner, 1992 123.8 Mt @ 0.105% REO (1989); 652 Mt @ 0.15% REO Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Singer, 1998 Page 40

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Mushgai Khudag (Mushgia Khudag, Mushugai Khuduk, Mushugai-Hudag) Namo-Vara Narssarssuaq (Narssarssuk) Ngualla Nizhnesayanskii Nkombwa Hill (Nkumbwa, Nkumba) Nolan's Bore Nooitgedacht (Gelukshoek, Nooitgedagt) North Fork area Nsengwa Okorusu Complex Ondurukurme Complex (Ondumakorume, Kameelberg) Palabora (Phalaborwa) Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Occurrence apa, bas Sr, P, flu, Th, bar, Pb, mag Late Mesozoic Ba, Sr anc flu, str, epd qtz, aeg, alb, nat Gardar Occurrence par, mon apa, mag, bar, flu, pyro, sulfides, dia dol, bio, musc, qtz Proterozoic Occurrence? bas, mon, par apa, mag, thor, pyro, mlyb, pyr, sph, gal, flu, str qtz, dol, ank, amph 675-720 Ma (various) Occurrence mon, pyro, bas, daq apa, iso, pyro, sel, Th, sid, mgs, str, pyr, bar, ilm dol, ank, Fe oxide, qtz, phlo Late Proterozoic-- 679 ± 25 Ma (K-Ar, phlo, carbonatite) Occurrence apa, all Occurrence mon pyro, apa, pyr, flu, tit ank, dol, qtz, phlo, cho mon, all, anc, aes, fers thor, Nb-rut, col dol, cal 90-99 Ma (Pb-alpha, mon) Occurrence mon flu, pyro, apa, bar qtz, cal, ank, dol F producer; Potential REE resource syn, mon, Y-flu, xen flu, apa, bar, thor, tit, mag, pyrh cal, pyx, qtz, aeg, phlo, bio, mel, neph, can Early Cretaceous-- 126.6 ± 7.3 Ma (Rb-Sr) REE, P, Sr, Nb resource mon, anc, cer, ccer apa, pyro, Sr, hem, vrm, mag, zir, gal, pyr chl, bio, cal, aeg, goe, Potential byproduct REE recovery apa, syn, mon cpyr, ccc, bor, apa, vrm, phlo, bad, uran, val, cub, mag, tit, Uthrn, Au, Ag, PGE cal, dol, chum, oliv, horn, pyx Early Proterozoic Page 41

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Mushgai Khudag (Mushgia Khudag, Mushugai Khuduk, Mushugai-Hudag) Namo-Vara Narssarssuaq (Narssarssuk) Ngualla Nizhnesayanskii Nkombwa Hill (Nkumbwa, Nkumba) Nolan's Bore Nooitgedacht (Gelukshoek, Nooitgedagt) North Fork area Nsengwa Okorusu Complex Ondurukurme Complex (Ondumakorume, Kameelberg) Palabora (Phalaborwa) Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES magnetite-apatite rock, potassic alkaline volcanic rocks, carbonatite, melanephelinite, melaleucitite Apatite has high REE. Singer, 1998; Möller, 1989a; ESCAP, 1999; Kovalenko and Yarmolyuk, 1995; Samoylov and others, 1988; Mariano, 1998 Premoli, 1994 carbonatite, alkaline intrusive, tuffisite, ultrabasic rock Mariano, 1989; Woolley, 1987; Roskill, 1988 carbonatite, breccia Magnetite-apatite veins ama 20 m wide and several hundred meters long contain 1235% P2O5. Woolley, 2001 carbonatite, syenite, urtitemelteigite-jacupirangite Kogarko and others, 1995 magnesian carbonatite, rauhaugite, breccia Neary and Highley, 1984; Overstreet, 1967; de Kun, 1987; Woolley, 2001 carbonatite Arafura Resources NL (1999) 130 km N of Alica Springs, 8 km W of Stuart Hwy. In places REE grades exceeds 10%. Mariano, 2000; Australia Mining and Exploration website, 2000, accessed at URL ://www.reflections.com.au/MiningandExploration/ Companies/Prospectus. soviet, beforsite, pyroxene fenite, syenite, tinguaite Woolley, 2001 carbonatite dikes Castor, 1994; Woolley, 1987 carbonatite, agglomerate, carbonatite agglomerate Woolley, 2001 carbonatite, iron deposits, nephelinite, pyroxenite, syenite, foyaite, aegirine fenite Solvay Group (1997) On Brandenburg 87 farm. Mineralization in beforsitic carbonatite dikes and carbonatefluorite-bearing metasomatites. Significant HREE content. Murray, 1991; Woolley, 2001; McManus and Schneider, 1994; de Kun, 1987; Hagni and Shivdasan, beforsite, soviet, breccia, syenite Ondumakorume complex forms a prominent hill on the Etaneno 44 farm, about 10 km NE of Kalkfeld. Separation of ore is problematic. Carbonatite contains 3% REO, 7% P2O5, 2.5% SrCO3. Mining Journal, 1989a; Murray, 1989; Pell, 1996; Woolley, 2001; McManus and Schneider, 1994 weathered pyroxenite, carbonatite, phoskorite Foskor Ltd. And Palabora Mining Co. ltd. (1995) Possible by-product REE recovery. Apatite concentrates contain 0.4-0.9% REO. de Kun, 1987; Neary and Highley, 1984; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Kovalenko and others, 1976; Skillen, 1995; Pell, 1996; Möller, 1989a; Woolley, Page 42

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location

Qaqarssuk Greenland 65-23N 51-42W Woolley, 1987 Ravalli County USA Montana 45-30N 113-20W Woolley, 1987 Rock Canyon Creek (Candy) Canada British Columbia Salitre I and II Brazil Minas Gerais 19-02S 46-47W Azevedo Branco, Salmon Bay USA Alaska 56-19-12N 133-10-06W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Sandkopsdrif (Zandkops Drift) South Africa 30-53S 17-57E Woolley, 2001 57 Mt @ 1% REO Singer, 1998 Sangu Carbonatite Group, Karema Depression (includes Ikola, Ikambwa, Middle carbonatites) Tanzania 6-48S 30-31E Woolley, 2001 Sarfartoq Greenland 66-30N 51-15W Secher, 1989 Sarnu India Rajasthan ≤ 5.5% REO Wall and Mariano, 1996 Siilinjarvi Finland Kuopio 63-05N 27-40E USGS, 2001, MASMILS database 0.4% REO Neary and Highley, 1984 Sokolo Kenya 0-28S 34-23E Estimate Songwe Scarp Tanzania 8-81S 33-16E Woolley, 2001 Soroy Norway Springer (Lavergne) Canada Ontario 46-27N 79-57W Woolley, 1987 St. Honoré Canada Quebec 48-33N 71-04W Woolley, 1987 16 Mt @ 0.0088% REO; ama 4.5% LREE Singer, 1998; Castor, 1994 Stjernoy Norway Page 43

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name

Qaqarssuk Ravalli County Rock Canyon Creek (Candy) Salitre I and II Salmon Bay Sandkopsdrif (Zandkops Drift) Sangu Carbonatite Group, Karema Depression (includes Ikola, Ikambwa, Middle carbonatites) Sarfartoq Sarnu Siilinjarvi Sokolo Songwe Scarp Soroy Springer (Lavergne) St. Honoré Stjernoy Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Occurrence mag, apa, pyro, U, V dol, ank, mica, aeg, alb, alkali amph, phlo, oliv 169 ± 7 Ma to 176 ± 7 Ma (K-Ar) Occurrence all, mon, aes, fers, anc str, bar, cpyr, col, ilm, mag, mlyb, pyr, pyrh, rut, sid act, cal, hydro-bio, qtz Occurrence syn, par flu, bar, qtz, car, pyro, Nb-rut Ordovician to Devonian Ti resource; REE occurrence mon, apa, ana, prv carbonate-fapa, mag, tit, apa, zir, U, Th, Nb, ilm, pyr, zeo can, zeo, aeg-aug, cal, bio 82.7 ± 4.2 Ma and 78.7 ± 4.0 Ma (K-Ar, bio, bebedourite) Occurrence par, bas, mon pyr, apa, flu, thor, zir, cpy, mar ank-dol, hem, qtz, cal, musc, epi, top, gar Occurrence chu, goy apa, pyro, Zn, vrm, ilm, tit cal, phlo, aeg-aug Occurrence apa, mag, bad, pyro, Ti, Sr aeg, dol, qtz, phlo Nb resource; PREE occurrence pyro pyro, mag, apa, U, zir, ilm, pyr dol, phlo, arf, aeg, bio, cal, oliv, gar 598-604 Ma (various) Occurrence carbocer str cal P, LIME, PHLOG producer apa zir, sulfides, Fe oxides phlo, cal, dol Late Archean-- 2580 (U-Pb) flu, apa bio, aeg 12.7 ± 0.6 Ma (K-Ar, bio, soviet) apa, pyr, mag, bar, gal, rut, Sr, Nb, Th, U ank, qtz Early to Middle Cretaceous P, Ba, Sr Occurrence bas flu, Ti, pyr aeg Nb producer; Potential REE resource bas, pyro, par, mon pyro, apa, pyr, Mo, tit, bar, sph, cpy, pyrh dol, ank, cal, mel, mnt, neph, can, mel, phlo Late Proterozoic-- 629-656 Ma (various) Producer of nepheline syenite P, Ba, Sr Page 44

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name

Qaqarssuk Ravalli County Rock Canyon Creek (Candy) Salitre I and II Salmon Bay Sandkopsdrif (Zandkops Drift) Sangu Carbonatite Group, Karema Depression (includes Ikola, Ikambwa, Middle carbonatites) Sarfartoq Sarnu Siilinjarvi Sokolo Songwe Scarp Soroy Springer (Lavergne) St. Honoré Stjernoy Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES carbonatite, gneiss, fenite Concentrations of Fe, V, Nb, U, & P in carbonatites and ultramafic rocks. Ages from 3 carbonatite bodies. Notholt and others, 1989a; Woolley, 1987 carbonate veins and dikes, metamorphic rocks REE in carbonate veins and dikes in metamorphic rocks. Crowley, 1960; Mariano, 1989; Woolley, 1987 dolostone, limestone; lesser shale, sandstone No link to igneous activity known, but many workers believe deposit related to hidden carbonatitic magmatism. REE mineralization is carbonate-hosted vein and breccia-matrix mineralization with fluorite and lesser barite. Hora, 1990; Samson and others, 2001 syenite, nepheline syenite, pyroxenite, trachyte, carbonatite High REE. Castor, 1994; Woolley, 1987; Mariano, 1989; Ulbrich and Gomes, 1981 lamprophyre and phonolite dikes, graywacke Veins. Houston and others, 1958 glimmerite, carbonatized intrusions Complex about 1 km in diameter. Mariano, 1989; Woolley, 2001 carbonatite, fenite Woolley, 2001 carbonatite (rauhaugite and soviet); fenite Environmental restraints hinder commercial interest. Notholt and others, 1989a; Möller, 1989a; Woolley, carbonatite dikes Dikes ~10 cm wide. Wall and Mariano, 1996 carbonatite; glimmerite, syenite; diabase; fenite; dioritic dykes Kemira Group Apatite contains 0.4% REE. Isokangas, 1978 carbonatite, carbonatitic breccia, agglomerate Part of Wasaki carbonatite complex. Woolley, 2001 carbonatite, K-feldspar rock Woolley, 2001 USGS unpublished files granite, fenite, carbonate veins Near Brule Creek in Springer Township. Classification uncertain. Woolley, 1987 carbonatite, syenite, nepheline syenite, ijolite Soquem REE range from 0.1-1.7%. Complex is 8 km x 6.5 km. Carbonatite core is surrounded by syenite and other alkaline rocks. Notholt and others, 1989a; Harben and Kuzvart, 1996; Singer, 1998; Woolley, 1987; Pell, 1996; Wall and Mariano, 1996; British Sulphur Corporation, 1987 alkaline intrusions, carbonatites, ultramafics Olerud, 1993 Page 45

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Tamazert (Oued Tamazert, Tamazeght, Bou Agrao) Morocco 32-34N 4-39W Woolley, 2001 Taohulashan China Inner Mongolia 0.1-0.9% REO Wu and others, 1996 Tikshozerskii Russia 66-17N 31-40E Kogarko and others, Toisuk - Bol'shaya Zhidaya USSR Tundulu Malawi 15-32S 35-48E Woolley, 2001 Uyaynah United Arab Emirates Venturi Township (Township 107, Spanish River) Canada Ontario 46-35N 81-43W Woolley, 1987 Verkhnesayanskii Russia 53-27N 100-25E Kogarko and others, Virulundo Angola Namibe 16-18S 12-56E Woolley, 2001 Vishnevye Mountains (IlmenogorskiiVishnevogorskii) Russia 55-59N 60-34E Kogarko and others, 1995; USGS files Vuoriyarvi Russia 6-48N 30-07E Kogarko and others, Wajiertage (Wajiltag) China Xinjiang 39-30N 79-00E Zhang Peishan and others, 1995 0.15-4.3% REO, 1-8% P2O5 Wu and others, 1996 Weishan (Chisan, Xishan, 1010) China Shandong 34-45N 117-12E Zhang Peishan and others, 1995 >1.6% REO in production Wu and others, 1996 Welgevonden South Africa 25-26S 27-26E Woolley, 2001 Westcriffe USA Wet Mountains USA Colorado 38-12N 105-24W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 13.96 Mt @ 1.0% REO (1989); 2.5% REO Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Castor, 1994 Page 46

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Tamazert (Oued Tamazert, Tamazeght, Bou Agrao) Taohulashan Tikshozerskii Toisuk - Bol'shaya Zhidaya Tundulu Uyaynah Venturi Township (Township 107, Spanish River) Verkhnesayanskii Virulundo Vishnevye Mountains (IlmenogorskiiVishnevogorskii) Vuoriyarvi Wajiertage (Wajiltag) Weishan (Chisan, Xishan, 1010) Welgevonden Westcriffe Wet Mountains Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Occurrence syn, par, mon apa, pyro, U, Th; lesser bar, str, flu, zir, col, pyr, mag, cel, gal cal, ank Tertiary Potential resource mon, all col, Nb-rut Late Proterozoic Occurrence anc, RE phosphates mag, ilm, rut, cal, ank, dol, cor Proterozoic? P, Nb Occurrence bas, flor, syn, par; rare mon apa, pyro, ana, str, bar cal, dol Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous-- 133 ± 7 Ma (KAr, bio, soviet) Occurrence all cal Occurrence Nb, P, vrm dol, phlo Proterozoic-- 1560 Ma (KAr, mic) Occurrence anc, bur, par, mon bar, str, thor, apa, tit, zir, pyro, mag, pyr cal, dol, ank, chl, qtz, zeo, bio Late Proterozoic-- 725 ± 25 Ma (K-Ar, arf, carbonatite) Occurrence par, syn pyro, apa, flu, str, zir, hol, Zn, mal, mag, U cal, dol, ank, Fe oxides Occurrence all mag, pyro, zir, ilm, apa, tit, U, thor, sph, rut, brk, F, Sr, Mo aeg-aug, ank, cal, neph, nat, fld, bio,can, zeo Occurrence Ti-mag, apa, bar, verm, mag, bad, pyrh, pyro, zir, tit, cpy phlo, cal, dol, mll, dio 380-402 Ma (K-Ar, phlo & bio, clinpyroxenite) Potential resource mon, bas pyro, apa cal, dol Hercynian? Active REE Producer bas, par, bri, ccer, mon, anc, pyro, all, che, aes bar, flu, pyro, mag, rut, ana, apa, prv, col, thor qtz, cal, epi, aeg, bio, chl, dio, hem 110 Ma (K-Ar, musc, vein) Occurrence P, Ba, F Late Precambrian Occurrence apa, bas, syn, xen, mon thor, bar, hem qtz Cambrian Page 47

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Tamazert (Oued Tamazert, Tamazeght, Bou Agrao) Taohulashan Tikshozerskii Toisuk - Bol'shaya Zhidaya Tundulu Uyaynah Venturi Township (Township 107, Spanish River) Verkhnesayanskii Virulundo Vishnevye Mountains (IlmenogorskiiVishnevogorskii) Vuoriyarvi Wajiertage (Wajiltag) Weishan (Chisan, Xishan, 1010) Welgevonden Westcriffe Wet Mountains Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES carbonatite, nepheline syenite, breccia Carbonatite may be hydrothermally altered. Mourtada and others, 1997; Woolley, 2001; Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, 1987 biotite-calcite marble, calcitebiotite schist Deposit is stratiform. Wu and others, 1996 carbonatite, ijolite, melteigite, olivinite Kogarko and others, 1995 USGS unpublished files carbonatite; nepheline syenite, ijolite, agglomerate Woolley, 2001; Wall and Mariano, 1996; U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, Mineral Resources Data System extrusive silicic calcite carbonatite lapilli Deposit metamorphosed. Wall and Mariano, 1996 dolomitic carbonatite Woolley, 1987 ankerite carbonatite, calcite carbonatite, urtite-melteigitejacupirangite Kogarko and others, 1995 potassic carbonatite, fenite Woolley, 2001; Premoli, 1994 carbonatite, nepheline syenite, fenite In the Ural Mountains. Past producer of ceramic raw materials. Kogarko and others, 1995 carbonatite, pyroxenite, ijolite, melteigite Kogarko and others, 1995: Wall and Mariano, 1996 carbonatite, syenite, gabbro, pyroxenite Carbonatite veins and lenses associated with pyroxenite-gabbro complex intrude metamorphic rocks. Wu and others, 1996; Zhang Peishan and others, syenite, quartz syenite, aegirine-quite syenite Tens of bastnasite-barite-carbonate veins on eastern shore of Weishan Lake. Veins trend NW and are 1 cm to several m thick. Host rocks are about 140 Ma (K-Ar,syenite) Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Wu and others, 1996; Wen Lu, 1998; Zhang Peishan and others, 1995 beforsite dikes, fenite Soil-covered depression may conceal carbonatite or other intrusion. Carbonatite dikes contain ama 2370 ppm La, 149 ppm Nb, and 4.59% P2O5. Woolley, 2001 USGS unpublished files alkaline rocks, carbonatite dikes REE, Nb, and Th occur in veins and carbonatite dikes. Province includes Gem Park, McClure Mtn-Iron Mtn, Democrat Creek, and other occurrences. Castor, 1994; Möller, 1989a; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Armbrustmacher, 1989; Woolley, Page 48

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Yangdun China Fujian 27-50N 118-30E Zhang Peishan and others, 1995 Yinachange (Yenachang) China Yunnan 25-30N 102-00E Zhang Peishan and others, 1995 0.1-0.2% REO, 50-60% Fe, 0.4-0.8% Cu, 1-2% P2O5 Wu and others, 1996 Zijingshan China Shanxi 38-20N 110-50E Zhang Peishan and others, 1995 CARBONATITE WITH RESIDUAL ENRICHMENT Angico dos Dias Brazil Bahia Anitápolis Brazil Santa Catarina 27-48S 49-05W Azevedo Branco, Araxa (Barreiro) Brazil Minas Gerais 19-38S 46-56W Silva, 1986 >450 Mt Nb ore @ 2.5% Nb2O5, 4.4% REO + 0.8 Mt laterite ore @ 13.5% REO, 2% Nb2O5, 0.05% U3O8 (1984); 0.546 Mt @ 1011% REO (1982); 462 Mt @ 0.033% REO Castor, 1994, 1968; Pell, 1996; Singer, 1998 Bingo (Bingu) Congo (Zaire) 0-36N 29-17E Woolley, 2001 Bukusu Complex (Busumbu, Busumu, Busuku) Uganda 0-53N 34-16E Mathers, 1994 Buru Kenya 0-11S 35-10E Woolley, 2001 Caiapo Brazil Goias 16-00S 51-45W Woolley, 1987 Cargill Canada Ontario 49-18N 82-49W USGS, 2000, MASMILS database Page 49

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Yangdun Yinachange (Yenachang) Zijingshan CARBONATITE WITH RESIDUAL ENRICHMENT Angico dos Dias Anitápolis Araxa (Barreiro) Bingo (Bingu) Bukusu Complex (Busumbu, Busumu, Busuku) Buru Caiapo Cargill Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy mon, ferg cpy, gal, sph, pyr, sid, wul, col, Nb-rut, zir, apa, mag cal bas, all hem, pyr, cpy, ccc, mlyb, flu Proterozoic tit, apa 134.8 Ma (K-Ar) Occurrence apa P producer; REE occurrence apa apa, mag pyx, bio, phlo, amph, oliv Early Cretaceous Nb-P producer; REE-Ba occurrence mon, gor, goy, apa, pyro, calcite, anc, pyro apa, pyro, bar, mag, gor, ilm, hem, gib, boh, pandaite, pyro, vrm, iso, pyr dol, arf, aeg-aug, goe, lim, kao, qtz 87.2 ± 4.4 Ma (K-Ar, bio, glimmerite) Occurrence mag, apa, pyro, tit, mel, flu, got, zir cal, wol, bio, sodic amph, fay, pec Past P producer apa, carbonate-fapa, mag, vrm, zir, bar, pyro, bad, Cu minerals Tertiary Occurrence mon flu, pyro, bar, mag, apa cal, bio, aeg Probably 5-19 Ma Occurrence sid, bar, rut, pyro dol, cal, ank Post-Devonian P potential; REE occurrence apa apa, cran, vrm, Ti-chum dol, arf, phlo, oliv, goe 1740 Ma (K-Ar, bio) Page 50

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Yangdun Yinachange (Yenachang) Zijingshan CARBONATITE WITH RESIDUAL ENRICHMENT Angico dos Dias Anitápolis Araxa (Barreiro) Bingo (Bingu) Bukusu Complex (Busumbu, Busumu, Busuku) Buru Caiapo Cargill Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES marble (carbonatite), amphibole schist Deposit is stratiform. Wu and others, 1996; Zhang Peishan and others, dolomitic marble (carbonatite), tuff Deposit is stratiform. Wu and others, 1996; Zhang Peishan and others, monazite, nepheline syenite, aegirine-augite syenite, carbonatite dikes Carbonatite veins contain 1-2% REO. Zhang Peishan and others, 1995 Mariano, 1989 ijolite, peralkaline syenite, pyroxenite, nepheline syenite, glimmerite, weathered carbonatite Woolley gives location as 27-54S, 49-09W. Mariano, 1989; Azevedo Branco, 1984; Woolley, 1987 beforsite, glimmerite, soviet, some pyroxenite CBMM Weathered carbonatite with 3 separate deposits. Barreiro Complex is circular and about 4.5 km in diameter. World's largest Nb reserve. Silva, 1986; Azevedo Branco, 1984; Singer, 1998; Woolley, 1987; Castor, 1994; Neary and Highley, 1984; Morteani and Preinfalk, 1996; Mariano, 1989; McNeil, 1979 carbonatite, nepheline syenite, fenite Deposit largely a phosphate resource. Woolley, 2001 carbonatite, agglomerate, ijolite, melteigite, nepheline syenite Residual soils ≤ 60 m thick. Francolite occurs in a secondary phoscrete (conretionary hard pan). Mathers, 1994; de Kun, 1987; Wooley, 2001 carbonatite tuff, fenite Tuff is laterized. Just SW of the Tinderet volcano. Woolley, 2001 carbonatite, carbonatitic breccia, ijolite, monchiquite, silexite, fenite Anomalous Sr, Ba, REE in the lateritic cover. Woolley, 1987 Cargill Alkaline Complexcalcite and dolomite carbonatite, pyroxenite, leached carbonatite, residium Lake sediments overlying residium are Cretaceous in age. Mariano, 1989; British Sulphur Corporation, 1987; Erdosh, 1989; Dawson and Currie, 1984 Page 51

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Catalão I Brazil Goias 18-15S 47-47W Azevedo Branco, 2 Mt laterite @ 12% REO; 5 Mt @ 12% REO; 21 Mt @ 1.02% REO; 4.6 Mt @ 4% REE Castor, 1994; Notholt and others, 1990; Singer, 1998; Azevedo Branco, 1984 Catalão II Brazil Goias 18-02S 47-52W Woolley, 1987 Cerro Impacto Venezuela Bolivar 6-00N 65-10W Woolley, 1987 0.1-11% REO O'Driscoll, 1988 Chilwa Island Malawi 15-20S 35-36E Wooley, 2001 Cone Negosa (Negoza) Mozambique 15-32S 31-16E Woolley, 2001 Goias Brazil Sao Paulo Kaluwe Zambia 15-11S 30-01E Woolley, 2001 Kangankunde Malawi 15-08S 34-55E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 11 Mt @ 1.97% REO; 11 Mt @ 5% mon (1983); 11 Mt @ 0.62% REO Notholt and others, 1990; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Singer, 1998 Kapiri Malawi 15-17S 34-55E Woolley, 2001 Karonge (Gakara) Burundi 3-30S 29-27E Woolley, 2001 Mineable ore-- 0.06 Mt @ 3.0% bas (1.59% REO) Jackson and Christiansen, Luicuisse (Lucuisse) Mozambique 12-23S 36-11E Woolley, 2001 Mabounie Gabon Moyen-Ogooue 00-42S 11-42E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 2.52% REO Jackson and Christiansen, Magnet Cove USA Arkansas 34-27N 92-52W Woolley, 1987 Maicuru Brazil Pará 00-28S 54-13W Azevedo Branco, laterite contains ama 17% REE Castor, 1994 Page 52

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Catalão I Catalão II Cerro Impacto Chilwa Island Cone Negosa (Negoza) Goias Kaluwe Kangankunde Kapiri Karonge (Gakara) Luicuisse (Lucuisse) Mabounie Magnet Cove Maicuru Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Nb-P producer; minor byproducer of REE (Ce); Ti resource Ce-Ba-pyro, gor, apa, mon, flor, anc, goy, ana, rhab pyro, apa, vrm, prv, fapa, ilm, tit, bar, hem, mag, zir, gib, boh, sva, goy, viv, hin, coll, lus, cah, pyr phlo, ser, oliv, car, amph, pyx, fld, neph, aeg, qtz, kao, goe 82.9 ± 4.2 Ma (K-Ar, alkali syenite) Nb resource REE phosphates mag, pyro, vrm, bar, Ba-pyro cal, phlo, fld, amph 87.1 Ma (fission track, apatite) Potential resource bas, flor, mon pyro, prv, goy, rut, Th, Zn, bar, Nb kao, goe, qtz Occurrence flor, syn, bas apa, pyro, rut, tan, mag mcc Early Cretaceous bas, mon pyr, bar, pyro, brk, fapa, Ti, Fe Occurrence apa P-REE occurrence mon apa, pyro, Th, Fe oxide, mag cal, phlo Cretaceous REE-Sr resource mon, bas, flor-goy, daq str, sta, flu, bar, sph, apa, pyro dol, qtz, Mn oxides, cal Late Cretaceous- 123 ± 6 Ma (K-Ar, phlo) syn, mon (?) apa, bar, prv, Ti, F, Sr ank, cal, Past small producer REE bas, mon, rhab, cer, fcer cas, bar, prym, gal qtz, car, mcc, bio, goe Precambrian mon U, apa, pyro, col, zir, mag Nb resource; potential REE resource mon, xen, pyro, flor, cran apa, mag, cran, bad hem, goe, qtz, kao Late Proterozoic Past small producer rut, mag eud, mon rut, mag, apa, prv, Nb, Mo, car, mnt, pyr fld, neph, oliv, gar, aeg, dio, bio, sod, anl, horn 90-105 Ma; Mid-Cretaceous (various) apa, ana, mon Ti, Cr, V Proterozoic Page 53

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Catalão I Catalão II Cerro Impacto Chilwa Island Cone Negosa (Negoza) Goias Kaluwe Kangankunde Kapiri Karonge (Gakara) Luicuisse (Lucuisse) Mabounie Magnet Cove Maicuru Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES carbonatite, pyroxenite, serpentinized peridotite, glimmerite Plug- 6 km in diameter. Woolley gives location as 18-08S, 47-50W. Azevedo Branco, 1984; Gierth, and Baecker, 1986; Singer, 1998; Woolley, 1987; Mariano, 1989; Morteani and Preinfalk, 1996 soviet, phoscorite, glimmerite 15 km N of Catalao I. Pell, 1996; Woolley, 1987; Eby and Mariano, 1992 laterite, carbonatite, fenite Very deeply weathered. Aarden and others, 1973; Castor, 1994; Woolley, 1987; Mariano, 1989 carbonatite, soviet, breccia Woolley, 2001 carbonatite Premoli classified this deposit as metasomatic. Premoli, 1994; Woolley, 2001 Mariano, 1989 In Rufunsa Rift. de Kun, 1987; Simukanga and others, 1994; Turner and others, 1989; Woolley, 2001 dolomitic carbonatite, fenite Mon almost thorium-free. Carbonatite contains average of 7% euhedral green mon crystals. High iron content. Locally, REE of hydrothermal origin. Anstett, 1986; Castor, 1994; Notholt and others, 1990; de Kun, 1987; Neary and Highley, 1984; Mariano, 1989; Pell, 1996; Wall and Mariano, 1996; Woolley, 2001; Deans, 1966; Mariano, 1996 carbonatite dikes cut Precambrian dolomite Woolley, 2001 metasedimentary rocks, gneiss, granite Societe Miniere de Muhinga et de Kigali (1988) REE deposit in quartz-barite-bas-mon stockworks of uncertain affiliation, but assumed in references to have carbonatite source. Weathering has produced rhab and cer. Production ceased, due to irregular distribution of grade, in 1978. Harben and Bates, 1990; Mariano, 1989; Möller, 1989a; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; de Kun, 1987; Roskill, 1988; Woolley, 2001; Wambeke, 1977 carbonatite Premoli reports that deposit is metasomatic. Residual deposits are commonly 7-8 m thick, but can be 30 m thick. Premoli, 1994; Woolley, 2001 carbonatite, weathered carbonatite, syenite Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Notholt, 1994; Morteani and Preinfalk, 1996; Woolley, 2001 ijolite, melteigite, jacupirangite, pyroxenite, syenite, trachyte, carbonatite Pell, 1996; Mariano, 1989; Woolley, 1987 laterite, ultrabasic alkaline intrusives with probable carbonatite Intrusions covered by laterite. Castor, 1994; Woolley, 1987; Mariano, 1989; Lemos and de Costa, 1987 Page 54

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Maraconai Brazil Pará 00-32S 53-24W de Souza Rodrigues and Amorim dos Santos Lima, 1984 Martison Lake Canada Ontario 50-19N 83-24W Canada Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources, 1984 Matum (Marum, Mutum) Brazil Pará 01-53S 57-25W Woolley, 1987 Mbeya (Panda Hill) Tanzania 9-00S 33-14E Woolley, 2001 Morro Dos Seis Lagos (Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira) Brazil Amazonas 00-38N 66-24W USGS, 2000, MRDS database 0.13 Mt REE; 1.50% REO in laterite cover Azevedo Branco, 1984; Wooley, 1987 Mount Weld Australia Western Australia 28-52S 122-33E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Indicated 15.4 Mt @ 11.2% REO + Y2O3 (5% cutoff) + 4.0 Mt @ 0.36% Y2O3; 6.3 Mt @ 16.2% REO; 15.2 Mt @ 11.2% REO (including Y); 6.3 Mt @ 17.2% REO (1990) Mariano, 1989/1988; Notholt and others, 1990; Pell, 1996/1995; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Mrima Hill Kenya 04-25S 39-15W de Kun, 1987 6 Mt @ about 5% REO (1966); 50.8 Mt @ 0.59% REO Mariano, 1989; Singer, 1998 Oka Canada Quebec 45-30N 74-00W Woolley, 1987 221 Mt @ 0.1% REO; 4.0 Mt @ 0.31% Nb2O5, 0.39% REO, 3.8% P2O5 Castor, 1994; 1956 Ruri Complex Kenya 00-32S 34-20E Idman and Mulaha, 0.375 Mt @ 6.4% mon or 3.5% REO (1989) Jackson and Christiansen, Sallanlatvi (Sallanlatvinskii) Russia 66-57N 29-10E Kogarko and others, Sebl'yavr Carbonatite Complex (Seblyavr) Russia 68-43N 32-08E Kogarko and others, Serra Negra Brazil Minas Gerais 18-55S 46-50W de Souza Rodrigues and Amorim dos Santos Lima, 1984 200 Mt @ 27.7% Ti2-- Ti concentrates contain >3% REE Castor, 1994 Sokli Finland Lappi 67-45N 29-15E USGS, 2000, MASMILS database Page 55

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Maraconai Martison Lake Matum (Marum, Mutum) Mbeya (Panda Hill) Morro Dos Seis Lagos (Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira) Mount Weld Mrima Hill Oka Ruri Complex Sallanlatvi (Sallanlatvinskii) Sebl'yavr Carbonatite Complex (Seblyavr) Serra Negra Sokli Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy mon, ana Cr, V, Zr, Ni, Ta Active P prospect apa, flor apa, pyro, mag, carbonate-fapa, pyr dol, cal, phlo, bio, Fe oxides, cly Occurrence apa, flu, tit neph, can, aeg, epi 1026 ± 28 Ma (K-Ar, fld) Nb-P resource bas, mon, RE carbonates apa, pyro, pyr, mag, flu, cel, bar, ilm, rut, tit cal, qtz Potential Nb-REE resource flor, RE oxides and hydroxides Nb-rut, pyro, brk, Th, V, Be, sid, bar, pyr ank, dol, goe Cretaceous REE-P resource mon, chu, xen, flor, goy, cer, others P, Nb, Ta cal, dol 2064 Ma REE-Nb resource, past producer mon, gor, goy, pyro pyr, flu, mag, Ba, Mn, Pb, Zn, Ag cal, dol, chl, bio, aeg-aug Past Nb producer; Potential REE resource pyro, bri, apa, pyro pyro, apa, prv, nio, pyr, pyrh, mag, ok, lat bio, neph, cal, mnt, mll, rich, wol, hau 117 Ma, average (K-Ar) Potential resource mon, bas, eud mag, apa, pyro, flu, bar, got bio, aeg, wol, can 4.1-11 Ma Occurrence lue, par, anc, bur, bas, crt, mon, hua, rhab, cor apa, bar, sid, tit, mag, zir, lue, pyro, hapa, Ti-mag, str, sph, pyr, apy dol, ank, cal, phlo, can, nat, aeg, chl Occurrence anc, lue, bur, bas, crt, mon, hua, rhab, cor apa, mag, bar, str, pyr, gal, sph, pyro, zir, tit, Ti-mag, zirolite, bad, vrm cal, frs, ank, phlo, act, qtz, chl 383-388 Ma (K-Ar, phlo, carbonatite) Ti resource w/ potential byproduct REE apa, ana ana, Th, U, pyro Cretaceous P resource apa, rhab apa, mag, pyro, zir, carbonatefapa, bad, sulfides, Ti, Zn, Sr goe, cal, trem, phlo, ser, chum 334-392 Ma; Holocene Page 56

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Maraconai Martison Lake Matum (Marum, Mutum) Mbeya (Panda Hill) Morro Dos Seis Lagos (Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira) Mount Weld Mrima Hill Oka Ruri Complex Sallanlatvi (Sallanlatvinskii) Sebl'yavr Carbonatite Complex (Seblyavr) Serra Negra Sokli Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES probably alkaline-ultrabasic intrusions 2 intrusions; lat-long is for the northern intrusion. Deep lateritic cover. Mariano, 1989; Woolley, 1987; Ulbrich and Gomes, carbonatite; ultrabasic kimberlites and porphyry diatreme breccias MCK Mining Corp. (1999) Development hampered by lack of allweather access. 100 km N of Hearst. Residium is a coarse gray apatite sand ama 170 m thick. Mariano, 1989; Guillet, 1985; Notholt and others, 1989a; Potapoff, 1989; Canada Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources, 1984; Jasinski, 2000 nepheline syenite, weathered carbonatite Most of intrusion lies in Guyana. Woolley, 1987; Ulbrich and Gomes, 1981 beforsite, soviet, agglomerate, tufff, fenite Nb reserve. Möller, 1989a; de Kun, 1987; Woolley, 2001 weathered carbonatite 3 carbonatitic alkaline pipes that form laterite-covered hills. Laterites average 230 m in depth. Woolley gives location as 017N, 66-41W. Azevedo Branco, 1984; Cuadros Justo and Souza, 1986; Woolley, 1987; Mariano, 1989; Issler, 1978 carbonatite Ashton Mining Ltd. (2000) Mon has 0.3% ThO2. Pilot plant at site in Harben and Kuzvart, 1996; O'Driscoll, 1988; Industrial Minerals, 1990; Duncan and Willet, 1990; Mariano, 1989; Morteani and Preinfalk, 1996; Lottermoser, 1990; Griffiths, 1992; Fetherston and others, 1997; Mining Journal, 1989c; Dreissen, 1990; Western Australia Department of Mineral and Petroleum Resources, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.dme.wa.gov.au/ soviet, lamprophyre, agglomerate, fenite, Rhone-Poulenc (1981) Supergene. Singer, 1998; Mariano, 1989; Deans, 1966; Möller, 1989a; Woolley, 2001; Parker and Baroch, 1971 carbonatite, okaite, melteigite, urtite, alnoite Apatite from the Bond zone averages 8.6% REO. 1956 resource estimate was for Advance Red Lake GML holdings. Average age based on 28 determinations from 22 samples. Castor, 1994; Singer, 1998; Woolley, 1987; Pell, 1996; Mariano, 1989; Chakhmouradian, 1996; Möller, 1989a; British Sulphur Corporation, 1987; Eby, 1971 carbonatite, carbonatite agglomerate, nepheline syenite, phonolite plugs Complex of twin, deeply eroded, carbonatitic volcanoes. de Kun, 1987; Idman and Mulaha, 1991; Möller, 1989a; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Woolley, dolomitic carbonatite, calcite carbonatite, ijolite, melteigite Apatite, barite, and REE are concentrated in the weathered crust. Kogarko and others, 1995; Chakhmouradian, 1996; Belolipetskii and Voloshin, 1996 gneis, pyroxenites, phoscorite Carbonatite veins. Kogarko and others, 1995; Belolipetskii and Voloshin, 1996; British Sulphur Corporation, 1987 weathered carbonatite, peridotite, dunite, shonkinite, jacupirangite Hi LREE/HREE ratio. Castor, 1994; Mariano, 1989; Azevedo Branco, 1984; Ulbrich and Gomes, 1981 carbonatite, weathered carbonatite REE content of the apatite is similar to that of the Khibina complex (Isokangas, 1978). Isokangas, 1978; Vartiainen, 1989 Page 57

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Sukulu Uganda Bukedi 0-39N 34-09E Woolley, 2001 Tapira Brazil Minas Gerais 19-54S 46-52W Azevedo Branco, 150 Mt @ 0.03% REO; 166 @ 0.03% REO Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Singer, 1998 Tchivira (Chivara, Quicuco) Angola 14-19S 13-53E Woolley, 2001 Tomtor Russia 71-00N 116-35E Kogarko and others, large resource with 8-31% REO, 3-8% Nb2O5 Pell, 1996/1995 Twareietau Guyana 02-00N 57-00W Woolley, 1987 Wigu Hill Tanzania 7-26S 37-34E Woolley, 2001 ama 20% REO Castor, 1994 Yangibana Australia Western Australia 23-53S 116-10E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping 3.1 @ 1.7% REO (1989); ama 11% REO; 3.5 Mt @ 3.09% mon (1.7% REO) Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; O'Driscoll, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 ALKALIC IGNEOUS Akitskii Russia Baikal 56-01N 110-22E Kogarko and others, Ablah Saudi Arabia 20-05N 41-55E Matzko and Navi, Ambatofinandrahana igneous complex Madagascar

20-27S 46-57E Woolley, 2001 Ampasindava area- Bezavona complex Madagascar 13-48S 48-05E Woolley, 2001 Amis Complex Namibia 21-10S 14-30E Estimated Page 58

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Sukulu Tapira Tchivira (Chivara, Quicuco) Tomtor Twareietau Wigu Hill Yangibana ALKALIC IGNEOUS Akitskii Ablah Ambatofinandrahana igneous complex Ampasindava area- Bezavona complex Amis Complex Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Past P producer apa, mag, pyro, zir, bad Cretaceous-Early Miocene? Ti-P producer; Potential for Nb, REE, vrm ana, hapa, pyro, apa apa, pyro, prv, mag, ilm, tit, vrm, Th, U lim, cly, phlo, pyx, gar, oliv 69.5 ± 3.5 Ma (K-Ar, bio, bebedourite) Occurrence apa, flu, bar, pyro, pyr, tit, Sr cal, dol, qtz, ank Cretaceous REE-Nb resource pyro, flor, mon, gor, goy, rhab, xen, bas pyro, apa, mag, rut, col, irut, pyr, vrm, carbonate-fapa, Sc cal, dol, phlo, kao, pyx Early to Middle Paleozoic Occurrence goy-flor zir neph, can, sod, aeg-aug, amph, bio 1025 ± 28 Ma (K-Ar, fld) REE resource bas, mon, Ce-goy, syn, par Nb, flu, str, bar, cel, pyr, sph qtz, dol, cal Potential resource mon mag, hem 1.25 Ga (U-Pb, zir) Occurrence xen, par flu, tae, bar, pyr, crs, hem, tit, apa, ilm alb, cal, ank, mcc, can, aeg, arf, bio 199 Ma (K-Ar, bio, peralkaline syenite) Zr, Nb, Ta Past producer, minor bas Occurrence rink, mos, eud ast, arf, aen, bio Occurrence Y-flu, mon, xen, bas, ferg Th arf, aeg Early Cretaceous Page 59

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Sukulu Tapira Tchivira (Chivara, Quicuco) Tomtor Twareietau Wigu Hill Yangibana ALKALIC IGNEOUS Akitskii Ablah Ambatofinandrahana igneous complex Ampasindava area- Bezavona complex Amis Complex Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES carbonatite (solvite, dolomitic carbonatite, ankeritic carbonatite); tinguaitie dykes; fenitebreccia Residual deposits 15-67 m thick. Mathers, 1994; de Kun, 1987; Mew, 1980; Notholt, 1994; Woolley, 2001 weathered pyroxenite, syenite, soviet, silexite, jacupirangite At phosphate mine. Harben and Bates, 1990; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Harben, 1984; Azevedo Branco, 1984; Woolley, 1987; Pell, 1996; Mariano, 1989; Ulbrich and Gomes, carbonatite, syenite, nepheline syenite, ijolite Woolley, 2001; Alberti and others, 1999 weathered carbonatite, dolomite and calcite carbonatite, nepheline syenite 300 sq km massif. Weathered carbonatite contains ama 37% RE oxides. Kogarko and others, 1995; Harben and Kuzvart, 1996; Pell, 1996; Kravchenko and Pakrovsky, 1995 weathered carbonatite, nepheline syenite In Muri alkaline complex. Mariano, 1981c; Mariano, 1989; Woolley, 1987 weathered dolomitic carbonatite Carbonatite dikes. Deposit show extensive replacement by hydrothermal solutions rich in REE, Sr, F, BA, and silica. Castor, 1994; Neary and Highley, 1984; Mariano, 1989; Pell, 1996; Overstreet, 1967; Woolley, 2001; Mariano, 1973 mica schist and gneisses intruded by alkaline granite and syenite. Gossan; ore referred to as "ironstones". Castor, 1994; Industrial Minerals, 1989a; O'Driscoll, 1988; Pearson and Taylor, 1996; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Dreissen, 1990 peralkaline syenite, granosyenite, nepheline syenite Kogarko and others, 1995 syenite, breccia Matzko and Navi, 1978 nepheline syenite dikes Small amounts of bastnasite recovered from pegmatites. Neary and Highley, 1984 nepheline syenite, phonolite, nordmarkite, theralite Woolley, 2001 fenitized peralkaline arfvedsonite-aegirine granite and associated agpaitic pegmatites On SW periphery of the Brandberg complex. McManus and Schneider, 1994 Page 60

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Arenopolis (Areianopolis) Brazil Goias 16-22S 51-32W Woolley, 1987 Azov Sea Coast Dikes Ukraine 47-11N 36-34E Kogarko and others, Baerzhe China Jilin (Inner Mongolia) 0.2-0.7% REO, 0.5-3.4% ZrO2, 0.02-0.3% Nb2O5, 0.02-0.15% BeO Wu and others, 1996 Bakhuis Mountains - K/3 Deposit Surinam 4-26N 57-04W Dahlberg, 1989 Bancroft-Haliburton area Canada Ontario Bokan Mountain (RossAdams) USA Alaska 54-55N 132-08W Nokleberg and others, 6.2 Mt (indicated resource) @0.09-0.46 % REO + 0.090.4% Y2O3 Warner and Barker, 1989 Bomin-Khara Mongolia ama 2% REE Kovalenko and Yarmolyuk, Brandberg Complex Namibia 21-08S 14-33E Woolley, 2001 Brockman Australia Western Australia 18-19S 127-46E Towner, 1992 9.0 Mt @ 0.15% Y2O3, 0.12% HREE, 1.3% Zr; 4.29 Mt @ 0.123% Y2O3, 0.0355% REO, 0.440% Nb2O5, 1.040% ZrO2; 9.3 Mt @ 0.215% REO O'Driscoll, 1988, Roskill, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, Bunduk Armenia 40-45N 44-45E Kogarko and others, Burpalinskii (Burpala) Russia Baikal 56-33N 110-45E Kogarko and others, Caballo Mountains USA New Mexico 32-32N 100-17W Woolley, 1987 Page 61

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Arenopolis (Areianopolis) Azov Sea Coast Dikes Baerzhe Bakhuis Mountains - K/3 Deposit Bancroft-Haliburton area Bokan Mountain (RossAdams) Bomin-Khara Brandberg Complex Brockman Bunduk Burpalinskii (Burpala) Caballo Mountains Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Occurrence bad, eud bad alb, orth, neph, aeg, anl, bio, can, zeo, oliv, pyx Cretaceous? Occurrence Ti, P, Nb pyx REE, Zr, Nb Be resource hing, pyro, syn, mon col, zir, mag-hem, flu, Be, U, Fethor, rut, ilm qtz, alb, cal, aeg, goe 127 Ma Occurrence apa; wav Late Archean to Early Proterozoic-- 2000-2600 Ma Potential resource REE, Past Prod. U kai, all, tha, bas, par, syn, mon, bri, teng, xen, iim, ferg, sam, aes, lop, pcra zir, col, thor, U-thor, uran, Be, flu, pyr, mag; minor pyro, gal, sph, rut, rho, plus, native silver aeg, rie, qtz, alb, cal, bio, chl, epi, mcc 151 ± 5 Ma (Rb-Sr) Occurrence Zr, Nb Middle Paleozoic all, che, mon flu, Th, U-pyro, zir arf, qtz, rie, ast Early Cretaceous Potential resource bas, xen col, pyro, zir, cas, sph, Ga Lower Proterozoic Occurrence all, dav, hel zir, bad, tit, ilm, thor olig, dio-aug, arf, Fe-has, bio 36 Ma (K-Ar, whole rock) Occurrence eud, lop, crt, che Mn-ilm, lav, Ti-lav, Fe-thor, cata, mel, Cs-ast, ilm, zir, apa, flu aeg, aug, fld, mcc, dio, arf, Febio, sod, nep 325-327 Ma (various) Occurrence bas thor, uph, fluorocarbonate mcc Page 62

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Arenopolis (Areianopolis) Azov Sea Coast Dikes Baerzhe Bakhuis Mountains - K/3 Deposit Bancroft-Haliburton area Bokan Mountain (RossAdams) Bomin-Khara Brandberg Complex Brockman Bunduk Burpalinskii (Burpala) Caballo Mountains Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES alkali metagabbro, ijolite, melteigite, pyroxenite, nepheline syenite, foyaite, laterite Rare earths concentrated in dikes within the syenite. Woolley, 1987 alkaline pyroxenites, jacupirangite 15 alkaline ultrabasic dikes form a belt 100 km wide and 35 km long. Kogarko and others, 1995 alkalic riebeckite granite Veinlets and disseminations. Wu and others, 1996 plagioclase-apatiteclinopyroxene rock; clinopyroxene-bearing syenite; monzonite; mangerite; pelitic, quartzitic and calcsilicate gneiss and granulite; mafic to ultramafic igneous rocks Dahlberg, 1989 See listing under uranium deposits. peralkaline riebeckite and aegirine granites, syenite, granite porphyry REE-bearing pegmatites, dikes, and shear zones/fractures in central part of the complex and in veins in the outer parts & nearby country rocks. Produced 98,000 mt of approx. 1% U3O8. Because dikes generally 1 m thick and mineralogically complex, economic potential low. Castor, 1994; Woolley, 1987; Mariano, 1983b; Mariano, 1989; Warner and Barker, 1989; Nokleberg and others, 1997 pantellerite volcanic rocks, comendite, nepheline syenite In northwest Mongolia. Kovalenko and Yarmolyuk, 1995 K-altered biotite granite McManus and Schneider, 1994; Woolley, 2001 rhyolite tuff, peralkaline granite West Coast Holdings and Greater Pacific Investments (1988) 18 km SE of Hall's Creek in the East Kimberley. Castor, 1994; O'Driscoll, 1988; Laval, 1992; Griffiths, 1992; Towner, 1992; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Roskill, 1988 peralkaline leucosyenite (oligoclasite), nepheline syenite REE mineralization in the oligoclasites. Kogarko and others, 1995 pulaskite, peralkaline syenite, foyaite, nepheline syenite Kogarko and others, 1995 quartz monzonite Potassic dikes with postulated alkaline body at depth. Woolley, 1987 Page 63

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Cerro Bamba Bolivia Santa Cruz ~9% les + bri Litherland and others, 1986 Chilembwe (Petauke) Zambia Eastern 13-59S 31-41E Estimate for center of area. Churuata Venezuela Amazonas 03-27N 65-28W Woolley, 1987 Cida China Sichuan/Miyi 27-00N 102-05E 0.05% REO Wu and others, 1996 Coldwell complex Canada Ontario 48-47N 86-30W Woolley, 1987 Cornudas Mtns - Diablo Plateau (Wind Mtn.) United States New Mexico, Texas 31-29N to 3206N 105-08W to 105-38W Woolley, 1987 Dara-Pioz Tajikistan 39-25N 70-44E Kogarko and others, Dong Pao Vietnam Lai Chau 22-17N 103-34E NIMA, 2001 Possible reserves-- 7 Mt REO and Proven + possible Orebody 3-- 0.645 Mt REO Dzien, 1990 Dora Bay United States Alaska 55-14N 132-13W Mariano, 2000, written commun. 2.8 Mt eud Mariano, 2000, written commun. Eden Lake Canada Manitoba 56-38N 100-15W Elisenvaara (Elisenvaarskii; includes Kaivimyaki/Kaivomaki and Raivimyaki/ Raivimaki) Russia Karelia 61-25N 29-55E Kogarko and others, Eljozero (Elet'ozero, Elet'ozerskii) Russia Kola Peninsula 66-04N 31-57E Kogarko and others, Page 64

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Cerro Bamba Chilembwe (Petauke) Churuata Cida Coldwell complex Cornudas Mtns - Diablo Plateau (Wind Mtn.) Dara-Pioz Dong Pao Dora Bay Eden Lake Elisenvaara (Elisenvaarskii; includes Kaivimyaki/Kaivomaki and Raivimyaki/ Raivimaki) Eljozero (Elet'ozero, Elet'ozerskii) Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Occurrence bri, les Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous Occurrence hapa, chloro-fapa qtz, horn, bio Late Cambrian Occurrence mon, bas(?), pyro U, Th, zir, Sn aeg, arf, sod, bio, neph, rie Proterozoic-- 1300 Ma Potential producer ferg flu, Zr, Be, U qtz, alb 230 Ma Occurrence bas, syn, pyro, col thor, zir, flu, mag, apa, tit, V, Cu, Ni, neph, ilm qtz, aeg, nat, car, bio, sod, zeo, Occurrence eud, bas aen, cata arf, rie, neph, sod, anl, fay, bio Potential resource nep, sogdianite, tienshanite, searlesite, hyalotekite neph, aeg, qtz Carboniferous Prospect bas, par flu,bar, Sr, Nb, Ta, U, Th Paleogene Prospect Occurrence bri +HREE + Yt Active P mine apa, RE-tit apa, Sr-and Ba-feldspar, pyr, mag aeg, dio, bio, phlo, fld, pyx, car,horn 1600-1900 Ma (K-Ar, bio) Occurrence aes (Y), ferg, Y-tit, tha, bri-(Y), gad, all, che, pyro, lop, mon, bas, fers apa, ilm, Ti-mag, zir, tit, pyro, col, thor neph, fel, aeg, arf, bio, cal 1620-2080 Ma (various) Page 65

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Cerro Bamba Chilembwe (Petauke) Churuata Cida Coldwell complex Cornudas Mtns - Diablo Plateau (Wind Mtn.) Dara-Pioz Dong Pao Dora Bay Eden Lake Elisenvaara (Elisenvaarskii; includes Kaivimyaki/Kaivomaki and Raivimyaki/ Raivimaki) Eljozero (Elet'ozero, Elet'ozerskii) Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES Velasco Alkaline Complexnordmarkite, melansyenite dike Melasyenite dike with bri and (or) les cuts nordmarkite. Litherland and others, 1986 syenite ≈5 orebodies are intruded into syenite. de Kun, 1987; Simukanga and others, 1994 alkaline granite, syenite, quartz syenite, nepheline syenite, sandstone High values for U, Th, REE, Zr, and Sn have been detected in associated laterites. Intrusion centered on very large NW-SEtrending fault. Woolley, 1987; Soares, 1985 alkalic riebeckite granite Wu and others, 1996; Wen Lu, 1998; Zhang Peishan and others, 1995 pegmatites in amphibole syenite, nepheline syenite, gabbro, basic volcanics Includes Marathon Niobium, Marathon, REE, Mink Creek, Port Munroe, Yres Point, Garden Cove and Peninsula Hill occurrences. Alkaline complex has area of 580 km2. Walker and others, 1993; Platt, 1996a; Woolley, 1987 nepheline syenite, phonolite Woolley, 1987 syenite, granite, peralkaline syenite, granosyenite, peralkaline granite, garnetnepheline syenite Alkali rare earth-rich minerals are reported. Kogarko and others, 1995 syenite, quartz syenite Vietnamese Gov't; LG Metal Group Metasomatic + weathered ore in Phong Tho district, 40 km from Nam Xe deposits. 60 ore bodies of various sizes have been identified in the Dong Pao area. They form irregular pods, lenses, and veins in shear zones. O'Driscoll, 1996; ESCAP, 1990; Hedrick, 1987?; O'Driscoll, 1996; ESCAP, 1990; Premoli, 1990; Mariano, 1997; Dzien, 1990 peralkaline, agpaitic nepheline syenite complex Mariano, 2000, written commun. to J. Hedrick, USGS. syenite complex Strider Resources A 32 kg sample contained 8% bri. Property largely unexplored. Hedrick, 1999 alkaline and peralkaline syenites Averages 3.63% P2O5. Lat-long for the town of Elisenvaara. Shchiptsov, 1993; Kogarko and others, 1995 nepheline syenite, gabbro, pyroxenite Belolipetskii and Voloshin, 1996; Kogarko and others, Page 66

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Fanshan (Fangshan) China Hebei 40-22N 115-13E USGS, 2000, MASMILS database Flowers Bay Canada Labrador 55-40N 59-50W Woolley, 1987 Gardiner complex Greenland 68-37N 33-09W Woolley, 1987 Ghurayyah Saudi Arabia 27-55N 35-48E Drysdall and others, 440 Mt @ 0.15% REE+Y Drysdall and others, 1984 Gremyakha-Vyrmes Russia 68-38N 32-28E Kogarko and others, Guelb Zeilaga Mauritania 19-00N 13-18W Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, Gzarta-Hudag Mongolia ama 2% REE Kovalenko and Yarmolyuk, Igaliko complex - Motzfeldt center, N & S Qoroq, Igdlerfigssalik Greenland 61-08N 45-10W Woolley, 1987 Ilimaussaq Greenland Gardar 63-00N 51-12W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 >6.6 Mt @ 6% ZrO2, 3% REO, 0.2% Y2O3 (1994); 30 Mt @ 0.9% Y2O3 (1990) Pell, 1996; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Ilomba Malawi 9-31S 33-11E Woolley, 2001 Itremo Madagascar 20-35S 46-38E Jabal Archenu Libya 22-16N 24-43E Woolley, 2001 Jabal Hamra' Saudi Arabia 26-04N 38-36E Drysdall and others, 1984; Laval, 1992 18. Mt @ 0.21% Nb2O5, 0.18% Y2O3, 1.78% ZrO2, 0.8% REO Laval, 1992 Jabal Sa'id (Jabal Sayid) Saudi Arabia 23-49N 40-56E Drysdall and others, 23 Mt (to 100 m below surface) @0.6% REE+Y Drysdall and others, 1984 Jabal Tawlah Saudi Arabia 28-14N 35-23E Drysdall and others, 1984; Laval, 1992 6.4 Mt @0.42% Nb2O5, 0.62% Y2O3, 5.0% ZrO2 Laval, 1992 Page 67

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Fanshan (Fangshan) Flowers Bay Gardiner complex Ghurayyah Gremyakha-Vyrmes Guelb Zeilaga Gzarta-Hudag Igaliko complex - Motzfeldt center, N & S Qoroq, Igdlerfigssalik Ilimaussaq Ilomba Itremo Jabal Archenu Jabal Hamra' Jabal Sa'id (Jabal Sayid) Jabal Tawlah Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Active P mine bas apa, mag, V, Ti, Co, Ni aeg, phlo, bio, kspar, tour Triassic-- 205-222 Ma Occurrence mon, ast, ferg flu, zir, aen aeg, cal, bio, qtz 1262± 7 Ma (Rb-Sr) Occurrence prv, lop, apa apa, mag, prv neph, fld, aeg, sod, cal 50.3 ± 1.4 Ma (Fission track, sph & apa) aes (Y), xen, mon, sam, pyro zir, flu, cas, col-tan, uran, thor, irut, gal, sph mica, qtz, mcc, alb, chl, arf, aeg Occurrence all, ferg, che, pyro ilm, tit, mag, zir, apa, ast, aen, pyro neph, mcc, bio, aeg-aug, arf, fld, cal Range from 1750 ± 40 Ma (K Ar, bio, urtite) to 1870 ± 40 Ma (K-Ar, neph, urtite) Occurrence bas Occurrence Zr, Nb Late Paleozoic Nb-Ta resource eud, pyro, mon, bas pyro, col, U, zir, thor, mlyb, flu, aen neph, arf, anl, nat, alkali fld, alkali pyx, amph, aeg, bio Proterozoic-- 1310 ± 31 Ma (Rb-Sr, whole rock) Zr, REE resource eud; minor rink, ste, mon, apa, bri U, Th, lue, pyro, aen, flu, zeo, sph, Li-mica, eps-mur, ast, vil, snn, chk, Sn, Zr mcc, alb, neph, hed, kat, neph, fay, alkali pyx, bio, sod, aeg, arf Proterozoic-- 1168 ± 21 Ma Occurrence eud pyro, U-pyro, Nb-tit, Th, apa, zir, beta aeg, cal, amph Late Proterozoic - Early Paleozoic bas, par pyro mcc, arf, aeg, orth, neph eud tit, lor, mag, ilm neph, anl, sod, zeo, pyx, amph, bio, cata, lav, can Tertiary Occurrence mon, bas zir, uran, Nb, Ta, Sn, Th, hem qtz, mcc Occurrence bro; all, pyro flu, zir, thor, Th-uran, irut, ana, sph, hem, Nb, Ta, Sn qtz, alb, mcc, tour, aeg, arf Occurrence pyro, mon zir, sph, Nb, Ta, Sn, Th alb, qtz, mcc, mica Page 68

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Fanshan (Fangshan) Flowers Bay Gardiner complex Ghurayyah Gremyakha-Vyrmes Guelb Zeilaga Gzarta-Hudag Igaliko complex - Motzfeldt center, N & S Qoroq, Igdlerfigssalik Ilimaussaq Ilomba Itremo Jabal Archenu Jabal Hamra' Jabal Sa'id (Jabal Sayid) Jabal Tawlah Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES subalkaline ultramafic complex; pyroxene syenite, pyroxenite, syenite Produces relatively low grade P ore at relatively high cost for Hubei Province fertilizer producers. Fountain, 1999; Wen Lu, 1998; Li and others, 1996; Griffiths, 1995a; British Sulphur Corporation, 1987; McClellan and Saavedra, 1986 peralkaline granite Woolley, 1987 peridotite, dunite, ijolite, melilitolite, volcanics Age is weighted mean. Woolley, 1987; Campbell and others, 1997 microgranite Enriched in HREE relatively to LREE. Drysdall and others, 1984 peralkaline granite, ijolite, syenite, urtite, gabbro The REE-Zr-pyrochlore mineralization in the ijolite-urtite rocks may be metasomatic. Kogarko and others, 1995 alkaline igneous rocks Pipe? Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, 1987 pantellerite volcanic rocks, comendite, nepheline syenite In central Mongolia. Kovalenko and Yarmolyuk, 1995 peralkaline syenitespulaskite, goyaite, naujaite; syenite, nepheline syenite Pegmatites related to peralkaline rocks. Woolley, 1987; Pell, 1996; Möller, 1989a; Roskill, 1988; Northern Miner, 1986 agpaitic nepheline syenite; arfvedsonite lujavrite, pulaskite, foyaite Highwood Resources Ltd. One of the 10 alkaline intrusions of the Gardar Complex. Apatite containing >16.0 wt % REO has been identified. U-Be-Zr-Nb mineralization. Jackson and Christiansen classify as carbonatite. Woolley gives location as 60-56N, 45-45W. Castor, 1994; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Woolley, 1987; Mariano, 1989; Chakhmouradian, 1996; Möller, 1989a; Laval, 1992; Sorensen and others, 1978; Platt, 1996a nepheline syenite, aegirine syenite Woolley, 2001 peralkaline rocks Pegmatites related to peralkaline rocks; pegmatite-like dikes. Möller, 1989a; de Kun, 1967 syenite, phonolite, trachyte Woolley, 2001 silexite plug Drysdall and others, 1984 alkaline rocks, aplitepegmatite Castor, 1994; Drysdall and others, 1984; Matzko and Navi, 1978; Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, leucocratic microgranitemicrosyenite-albitite sill High HREE/LREE. Castor, 1994; Drysdall and others, 1984; Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, 1987 Page 69

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Jacupiranga Brazil Sao Paulo 24-42S 48-08W Woolley, 1987 Jarud Qi, no. 801 China Inner Mongolia/Jarud Qi 44-37N 120-58E NIMA, 2001 Junguni Malawi 15-02S 35-17E Woolley, 2001 Kamloops Canada British Columbia 50-40N 120-04W Woolley, 1987 Karaganskii Kyrgyzstan 39-45N 70-00E Kogarko and others, Karsakpai Kazakhstan 47-53N 66-25E Kogarko and others, Khaldzan-Buregtey Mongolia 48-25N 91-58E Estimate >1.2 Mt REE @ 0.3% REE, >0.4 Mt Nb @ 0.1% Nb, Mt Zr @ 2.0% Zr Kovalenko and others, 1995 Khan Bogdo Mongolia

43-12N 107-12E NIMA, 2001 0.3-4.5% REE Kovalenko and Yarmolyuk, Khibina (Khibiny) Russia Kola Peninsula 67-43N 33-47E Kogarko and others, 9 Mt REO Kipawa Lake Canada Ontario 46-48N 78-30W Woolley, 1987 Kodal Norway 59-15N 10-10E USGS, 2000, MASMILS database Konder Russia 57-30N 134-25E Kogarko and others, Korgeredaba Russia Tuva 50-05N 97-15E Kogarko and others, Korsun-Novomirgorodskii pluton margin Ukraine 48-14N 31-17E Kogarko and others, ama 0.2% LREE, 0.1-0.2% Zr, ama 0.02% Nb Kogarko and others, 1995 Page 70

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Jacupiranga Jarud Qi, no. 801 Junguni Kamloops Karaganskii Karsakpai Khaldzan-Buregtey Khan Bogdo Khibina (Khibiny) Kipawa Lake Kodal Konder Korgeredaba Korsun-Novomirgorodskii pluton margin Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy P-Lime producer; REE, Ni Occurrence apa mag, apa, grn, pyr, pyrh, gal, ilm, pyro, bad, bar, prv, chum cal, dol, phlo, frs, oliv, ser 125-161 Ma Occurrence ferg, par?, mon? Occurrence eud, ros, bri pph, Mn-Ti-lav, woh, kup, Sr-flu, pyro, ast neph, alkali pyx, bio, arf, sod Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous Occurrence eud gar, zir, mag, pyrh, cpy mcc, can, alb, aeg, has, neph, nat, qtz Occurrence mon zir, gar, apa, ana, tantaloniobates, mag, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Mo neph, liebernite, sod, can Late Paleozoic Occurrence all zir, bad, apa, tit, thor fld, neph Early Devonian Occurrence ferg, all, bas, syn, bri, mon, chev elp, git, zir, pyro, plit, Ta, Hf, Th, flu mcc, qtz, alb, arf, aeg Devonian-- 380-390 Ma Occurrence plit, syn, mon, tit elp, arm, Nb, Li, Ba, Ta, Hf, Th arf Late Paleozoic P, NEPH producer apa, eud, bur, anc, syn, par, ccer, cor, apa, ast, lop, mos, lov, rink apa, pyro, tit, lam, ast, zir, Timag, vla, woh, git, flu, cry, sid, edi, ilm cal, ank, arf, aeg-aug, bio, neph, mcc, alkali fld, agr, daw, nah, aen 364.5 Ma Potential resource eud, mos, bri, git, mis, apa flu, zir, cho, vla, woh, git, hrt, U neph, fld, agr, aeg, bio, phlo, alb, rie, arf, cal, k-fld 1240 Ma (complex) 995 Ma (min/alt) Potential resource apa Ti-mag, ilm, pyr, tit cal, talc Permian Occurrence eud lam, lor, mur, tit, ilm, apa, vla, woh arf, aeg, bio, zeo, orth, horn Occurrence eud, ast, rink cata aeg, arf, alb, qtz, ano 304 ± 12 Ma (K-Ar, bio) Occurrence all, che zir, ilm, apa, Nb fay, hed Page 71

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Jacupiranga Jarud Qi, no. 801 Junguni Kamloops Karaganskii Karsakpai Khaldzan-Buregtey Khan Bogdo Khibina (Khibiny) Kipawa Lake Kodal Konder Korgeredaba Korsun-Novomirgorodskii pluton margin Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES pyroxenite, jacupirangite, ijolite, nepheline syenite, fenite Mariano, 1989; Azevedo Branco, 1984; Melcher, 1966; Platt, 1996b; Woolley, 1987 riebeckite or arfvedsonite granite Lat-long for the town of Jarud Qi. Wen Lu, 1998 nepheline syenite, foyaite Woolley, 2001 syenite Low grade Cu mineralization. Woolley, 1987 alkaline syenite, nepheline syenite Kogarko and others, 1995 lepidomelane syenite, liebenerite syenite, nepheline syenite REE associated with albitization of syenites. Kogarko and others, 1995 peralkaline granite, gabbro, basalt, pantellerite dikes, syenite In western Mongolia. Discovered in 1984. Host rocks have been metasomatized. Kovalenko and Yarmolyuk, 1995; Kovalenko and others, 1995 peralkaline granite, syenite, pegmatites In southern Mongolia. Lat-long for town of Khan Bogdo. Möller, 1989a; Kovalenko and others, 1976; Kovalenko and Yarmolyuk, 1995 alkaline metasomites-- foyaite, nepheline syenite, ijolite, rischorrite, urtite, pegmatites, carbonatite? Largest igneous apatite deposit in the world, in urtite-ijolite. REE minerals largely in alkaline rocks not carbonatite (Kogarko and others, 1995). Small bodies of carbonatites contain ama 9% REE, 6.5% Sr, 3% Ba. Castor, 1994; Kogarko and others, 1995; Zaitsev, 1996; Chakhmouradian, 1996; Beliolipetskii and Voloshin, 1996; Wall and Mariano, 1996; Pell, 1996; Neary and Highley, 1984; Hedrick and Templeton, peralkaline quartz syenite, amphibole schist Mineralization probably resulted from highgrade metamorphism without obvious igneous relics. Geochemistry of some eudialyte-rich rocks strongly suggests metasomatic origin. Castor, 1994; Woolley, 1987; Currie and Van Breemen, 1996 jacupirangite dike Norsk Hydro (1978) Notholt, 1979; British Sulphur Corporation, 1987; Möller, 1989a; Bugge, 1978 alkaline pegmatite in dunite, olivinite, clinopyroxenite Kogarko and others, 1995 foyaite, pulaskite, essexite, granite, peralkaline syenite Kogarko and others, 1995 monzosyenite, syenite, rapakivi granite, gabbro, granite REE and Zr concentrated in syenite. Syenite enclosed by rapakivi granite. Kogarko and others, 1995 Page 72

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Kovdor Complex (Kovdorskoe) Russia 67-34N 30-24E MASMILS, 2000 Kpong area Ghana 6-06N 0-03E Woolley, 2001 Kribi (Mont des Eléphants, Mont de Rocher du Loup) Cameroon 02-57N 09-55E Rand McNally & Company, 1981 Kutessai-II Kyrgyzstan 42-40N 76-10E ESCAP, 1998 0.088 Mt REE @ 0.39% REE ESCAP, 1998 Kyzyl-Ompul Kyrgyzstan Baikal 42-21N 75-55E Kogarko and others, Lackner Lake (Nemegos) Canada Ontario 47-45N 83-10W Woolley, 1987 Zone 6- 4.8Mt**; 69.9% mag, 21.9% apa, 2.72% REO* Langesundsfjord District (Larvik) Norway Oslo area 59-00N 09-45E Rand McNally & Company, 1981 Laramie Anorthosite Complex USA Wyoming/Albany County Lavrent'evskii Russia Kola Peninsula 67-16N 37-01E Kogarko and others, Letitia Lake - Mann 1 Canada Labrador 54-14N 62-23W Woolley, 1987 Los Archipelago (Los Islands, Iles de Los) Guinea Tamra, Roume, & Kassa islands 9-28N 13-48W Woolley, 2001 Lovozero Russia 67-47N 34-45E Kogarko and others, >1000. Mt @ 0.8-1.5% REO Lutala (Serra da Neve) Angola Namibe 13-43S 13-10E NIMA, 2001 Page 73

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Kovdor Complex (Kovdorskoe) Kpong area Kribi (Mont des Eléphants, Mont de Rocher du Loup) Kutessai-II Kyzyl-Ompul Lackner Lake (Nemegos) Langesundsfjord District (Larvik) Laramie Anorthosite Complex Lavrent'evskii Letitia Lake - Mann 1 Los Archipelago (Los Islands, Iles de Los) Lovozero Lutala (Serra da Neve) Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Occurrence magnetite, apatite, baddeleyite, forsterite, calcite, phlogopite, francolite Middle Devonian Occurrence mon, all tit, apa, zir, flu cal, bio, neph, can, gar Occurrence Active mine (1998) mon, xen, Y-syn, Y-par Ta, Nb, zir, gal, thor, mlyb, cry, apy, azu, sid, mar, sph, pyrh, Sn, cin, sch Permian Occurrence tit, apa, zir, Ti-mag, flu, pyr dio, neph, fld, amph, bio, oliv, qtz Permian Nb-P potential pyro mag, apa, Nb, flu, pyro aeg-aug, neph, cal, can, bio, fay, zeo, wol, mel 1170 ± 24 Ma (K-Ar, horn, pegmatite); 1190 ± 25 Ma (K-Ar, rie, quartz syenite) Occurrence 22 REE-bearing minerals including apa; pyro, woh, eud, zirk, lop neph Permian? Occurrence all apa, ilm, mag clinopyx Middle Proterozoic Occurrence aes (Y), ferg, Y-tit, tha, bri-(Y), gad, all, che, pyro, lop, mon, bas zir qtz, ama Early Proterozoic- Karelian Occurrence eud U, Mn-pec, aen, nep, pyro, bry, eud, nphy alb, arf, aeg, pec, qtz Middle Proterozoic Occurrence eud, ros, pyro, ast, rink flu, gal, cata, vil, stacyite, kup, Zr, woh arf, aeg, ast, neph, pph, sod, anl, lav, srn 104.3 ± 1.7 Ma (Rb-Sr, whole rock) Nb producer w/ byproduct REE from loparite lop, eud, rink, anc, mos, mon, bur, bas, hua, rhab, syn, carbonate-fapa pyro, apa, zir, str, mur, lam, vil, tit, lav, ilm, mur, lam, lovo, chinglusuite, flu? neph, mcc, arf, anl, aeg, dio, anl, alb, nat, sod 386 ±12 Ma to 406 ± 12 Ma (K-Ar, neph, urtiteijolite) eud?, lav? flu neph, anl, bio, aeg-aug, arf Page 74

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Kovdor Complex (Kovdorskoe) Kpong area Kribi (Mont des Eléphants, Mont de Rocher du Loup) Kutessai-II Kyzyl-Ompul Lackner Lake (Nemegos) Langesundsfjord District (Larvik) Laramie Anorthosite Complex Lavrent'evskii Letitia Lake - Mann 1 Los Archipelago (Los Islands, Iles de Los) Lovozero Lutala (Serra da Neve) Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES apatite-forsterite rocks; ultrabasic rocks (pyroxenite, pyroxene-olivine rock, and olivinite); ijolite; melteigite; nepheline-pyroxenite Harben and Kuzvart, 1996; Notholt, 1979; British Sulphur Corporation, 1987; Lyachov, 2000; Troitsky and others, 1998 alkaline gneiss This deposit variously described as a carbonatite, a metasomatic introduction of calcite into a mylonite, and as altered alkaline volcanic rocks. de Kun, 1987; Woolley, 2001 syenite Roskill, 1994; de Kun, 1987 granophyre, dikes ESCAP, 1998 alkaline syenite, nepheline syenite, leucosyenite Kogarko and others, 1995 nepheline syenite, ijolite, malignite, syenite Multi-Minerals Ltd. (1982) Grade of REO is for non-metallic fraction (which is over 90 volume % apatite. Other ore zones with no REE not included. Sage and Watkinson, 1991; Woolley, 1987; Harben and Kuzvart, 1996; Pell, 1996; British Sulphur Corporation, 1987; Notholt and others, 1990 nepheline syenite pegmatites in monzonite (larvikite) Pegmatites related to peralkaline rocks. Larsen, 1996; Möller, 1989a syenite, magnetite-ilmenite bodies T20-22N R70-71W King, 1991 aegirine-arfvedsonite granite, lepidomelane granite Lat-long for the town of Lavrentevskiy. Belolipetskii and Voloshin, 1996; Kogarko and others, peralkaline volcano-plutonic complex Y-rich. Prospected as U and Be deposit. Average grades of 0.35-0.4% BeO proved in one zone. Woolley, 1987; Castor, 1994; Howse and Wardle, peralkaline nepheline syenite Islands extensively covered by bauxite. Moreau and others, 1996; Woolley, 2001 lujavrite, foyaite, urtite, syenite, nepheline syenite; min also in alkaline pegmatites and hydrothermal veins Loparite min. is in urtitefoyaite-lujavrite rocks. Eudialyte lujavrite complex is being assessed for Zr and Y. Towner gives longitude as 35-05E. Castor, 1994; Kogarko and others, 1995; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Mariano, 1989; Chakhmouradian, 1996; Belolipetskii and Voloshin, 1996 nepheline syenite Lat-long is a central location for Serra da Neve. Woolley, 2001 Page 75

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Malotersyanskii Ukraine 48-20N 35-39E Kogarko and others, Maoniuping China Sichuan 0.4 Mt proven rests @1-8% REO (ave. 2%); 1-8% REO Wu and others, 1996 Meponda Mozambique 13-27S 34-54E Woolley, 2001 Mianning China Sichuan 28-33N 102-11E NIMA, 2001 Miask Russia Mount Prindle (Roy Creek) USA Alaska 65-29N 147-06W Armbrustacher, 1989 5-10% REE by volume in drill core Nokleberg and others, 1996 Mount St. Hilaire Canada Quebec 45-33N 73-10W Woolley, 1987 Mutum Brazil Para 01-53N 57-25W Woolley, 1987 Nejoio Angola 13-40S 13-14E Woolley, 2001 Nemegosenda Lake Canada Ontario 48-00N 83-05W Woolley, 1987 Norra Kärr Sweden Nosy Komba Madagascar 13-28S 48-20E Woolley, 2001 Pajarito Mountain USA New Mexico 33-14N 105-26W Woolley, 1987 24 Mt @ 0.18% Y2O3, 1.2% ZrO2; 2.4 Mt @ 0.167% REO (1989) Mariano, 1989; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Pilansberg Complex (Pilanesberg, Pilaan's berg) South Africa Transvaal 25-14S 27-04E Rand McNally & Company, 1981 13.5 Mt @ 0.7% REO + ThO2, 1.2 Mt @ 6.54% REO + ThO2, and 0.024 Mt @ 10% REO + ThO2 Mariano, 1989 Pocos de Caldas (Morro do Ferro) Brazil Minas Gerais, Sao Paolo 21-55S 46-34W Azevedo Branco, >1.0 Mt @ 4% REO, 1% ThO2; 1.5 Mt bas or 0.050 t REO (1990); 6 Mt @ 3% REO Roskill, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Singer, Ponoiskii Russia 67-01N 39-12E Kogarko and others, Page 76

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Malotersyanskii Maoniuping Meponda Mianning Miask Mount Prindle (Roy Creek) Mount St. Hilaire Mutum Nejoio Nemegosenda Lake Norra Kärr Nosy Komba Pajarito Mountain Pilansberg Complex (Pilanesberg, Pilaan's berg) Pocos de Caldas (Morro do Ferro) Ponoiskii Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Occurrence pyro, bas, all zir, pyro, U-pyro, thor aeg, alb, mica, car 1740 Ma (K-Ar, amph, nepheline syenite) Active REE Producer bas; lesser mon, all, bri, xen, aes, che pyro, bar, flu, zir, pyr, gal, col, thor, Mn-pec, aen epi, aeg, alb, mcc, qtz, arf, bio, pec, cal 27.8-40.3 Ma (K-Ar, arf & bio) Occurrence all, che, mon, ferg, bri pyro, col, Nb, Ta, U, zir, mag, apa, tit, flu car, bio Proterozoic Producer bas, par, mon, xen, all, tit, apa, aes, che, sam bar, flu, beta, gar, mag, ilm, col, zir cal, aeg, fld bri, fers, aes pyro, zir, thor, beckelite, irut all, bri, bas, mon, xen , uran, thor, flu, apa, tit, mag neph, k-fld, aeg, aug, rie, bio, qtz 86.7 ± 3.6 Ma 85.4 ± 6.4 Ma (K-Ar, bio) Occurrence anc, lpha, eud, mag, ilm, flu, str, epd, cata, lav, ast qtz, aeg, bio, sod, neph, can, alb, nat? 120-134 Ma (various) Occurrence RE phosphates tit, apa, flu aeg, can, neph, car, epi 1026 ± 28 Ma (K-Ar, fld) Occurrence ros, mos, lav, eud tit, apa, zir, flu, mel, pyro bio, sod arf, horn 104.03 ± 0.8 Ma Nb Resource w/ potential for byproduct REE pyro? pyro, U, Th, zir, apa, mag, flu, bar, gal, sph, cpyr, gra neph, aeg, neph, bio, sodic amph, wol, mel min. 1010 Ma (K-Ar, neph) Occurrence? eud Zr 1540 Ma Occurrence rink, mos zir, flu neph, anl, aeg, bio 10.4 Ma Potential resource eud, mon, apa, kai apa, flu, zir arf, rie, aeg, qtz, mcc, alb, horn Proterozoic bri, eud, pyro, all, mos flu, apa, str, Th, Zn, sulfides, mag, tit, zir, aen, lam, ast, cata aeg, arf, kat, fld, cal, can, sod, pec Proterozoic Past producer U, Zr, Bauxite all, bas, eud, cer Th, U-bad, zir, caldasite, tgum, mag, flu, Mo, ast, lav, ros, gib nat, can, nephm kao 60.8 Ma (K-Ar, lujarite) 86.3 Ma (Rb-Sr, lujavritekhibinite) Occurrence? mon zir, tit, apa, ast, flu qtz, mcc, alb, aeg, amph 2405 Ma (Pb, zir) Page 77

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Malotersyanskii Maoniuping Meponda Mianning Miask Mount Prindle (Roy Creek) Mount St. Hilaire Mutum Nejoio Nemegosenda Lake Norra Kärr Nosy Komba Pajarito Mountain Pilansberg Complex (Pilanesberg, Pilaan's berg) Pocos de Caldas (Morro do Ferro) Ponoiskii Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES syenites, foyaite Probably associated with the OrekhovoPavlograd fault. REE occurs in metasomatic rocks. Kogarko and others, 1995 quartz syenite, nordmarkite Bastnasite-barite-carbonate veins associated with nordmarkite. Wall and Mariano, 1996; Wu and others, 1996 syenite, nepheline syenite Woolley, 2001 aegirine alkaline granite Advanced Material Resources Lat-long for Mianning population center. At Wutoushan Mountain. Zhang Peishan and others, 1995; Wu and others, 1995; Mariano, 1994a, b albitite in nepheline syenite massif Möller, 1989a syenite, nepheline syenite, pyroxenite Selected material contained ama 25% REE and 15% Th. LREE more abundant in the quartz-bearing syenites. Woolley, 1987; Mariano, 1981b; Mariano, 1989; Armbrustmacher, 1989; Nokleberg and others, 1996 breccias, nepheline syenite, nepheline diorite and monzonite, gabbro Mariano, 1989; Woolley, 1987 nepheline syenite Woolley, 1987 fenite, nepheline syenite Woolley, 2001 carbonatite, syenite breccia, pyroxenitic fenite,, malignite, jacupirangite 20 Mt @ 0.47% Nb2O5. Woolley, 1987; Pell, 1996; British Sulphur Corporation, 1987 peralkaline syenite Eudialyte contains 1.3% Y. Castor, 1994 phonolite, nepheline syenite, syenite, perthite Woolley, 2001 syenite, melasyenite, quartz syenite Quartz-bearing syenite contains ama 20% eud and 5% flu. Apatite containing ama 19.2% REO has been found in the peralkaline granites. Check Mining Engineering, 1989, July, p. 515 for tonnage. Castor, 1994; Woolley, 1987; Mariano, 1989; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 foyaite, syenite, tinguaite Britholite-bearing veins and small areas of eudialyte syenite. Mariano, 1989; Castor, 1994; Möller, 1989a; Woolley, 2001; Neary and Highley, 1984; Coetzee, 1976; von Backstrom, 1976 highly weathered lujavrite and khibinite, nepheline syenite, phonolite; bauxite Eudialyte contents range from 0 to 11% in the relatively small host bodies. Was once one of world's biggest baddeleyite deposits, but now nearly depleted. Weathered magnetite stockwork in alkaline rocks. Castor, 1994; Azevedo Branco, 1984; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Woolley, 1987; Neary and Highley, 1984; Wedow, 1967; Ellert, 1966 Classification uncertain. Kogarko and others, 1995 Page 78

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Qiganlaing China Inner Mongolia 1.5% REO, 4-10% P2O5 Wu and others, 1996 Red Wine Canada Labrador 54-05N 62-35W Woolley, 1987 Rexspar (Birch Island) Canada British Columbia 51-34N 119-54W Nokleberg and others, Saima China Liaoning 40-59N 124-12E Zhang Peishan and others, 1995 0.3-4.5% REO Wu and others, 1996 Sakhariokskii (Sacharijok) Russia Kola/Karelia 67-40N 36-12E Kogarko and others, Seligdar Russia Siberia 58-24N 125-18E Kogarko and others, 300 Mt @6-8% P2O5 Kogarko and others, 1995 Shallow Lake Canada Labrador Shartolgoi Mongolia Uvs 49-03N 92-45E ESCAP, 1999 Shvanidzorskii Armenia 39-00N 46-23E Kogarko and others, Sierra de Tamaulipas Mexico Tamaulipas 23-12N 98-24W Woolley, 1987 1.3-3.0% REO Songwe Syenite (includes Ilomba and Ulindi intrusions) Malawi 9-33S 33-16E Woolley, 2001 Srednetatarskii (Zaangarskii) Russia 58-24N 93-35E Kogarko and others, Srednevorogovskii Russia Enisei 61-15N 90-02E Kogarko and others, Strange Lake (Lac Brisson) Canada Quebec, Labrador 56-18N 64-07W Woolley, 1987 52. Mt @ 0.54% REE, 0.31% Y2O3, 2.9% ZrO2 (1983); 55. Mt @ 0.38% Y, 2.99% ZrO, 0.29% Nb2O5, 0.076% BeO, unspecified REO; 1.3% REO and 0.66% Y Castor, 1994; Hedrick, 1997; Jackson and Christiansen, Page 79

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Qiganlaing Red Wine Rexspar (Birch Island) Saima Sakhariokskii (Sacharijok) Seligdar Shallow Lake Shartolgoi Shvanidzorskii Sierra de Tamaulipas Songwe Syenite (includes Ilomba and Ulindi intrusions) Srednetatarskii (Zaangarskii) Srednevorogovskii Strange Lake (Lac Brisson) Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy P-REE resource apa, all tit dio, phlo, ano, arf Proterozoic Occurrence eud, joa, ast, kar apa, aen, lam, ramsayite, cata, flu, pec mcc, alb, neph, arf, mica, pec, omph, aeg, rie 1345 ± 75 Ma, average (RbSr, whole rock) Occurrence flu, U, Sr, Th Mississippian? REE, U, Th, Nb resource rink, mos, lop, eud cata, str, U-pyro, beta, U-thor, aldanite, apa, ilm, zir, tit, lam neph, bio, aeg, can, nat, mcc, pec 217-245 Ma Occurrence all, bri, all, bas pyro, flu, gal, apa, zir neph, cal, aeg, alb, mcc, aegaug, amph, bio, Fe-has 1740-2260 Ma (K-Ar, neph) P resource apa, mon, all mrt, zir, rut, tour, top, pyr, cpy, gal, mgs, tit dol, cal, qtz, phlo, serp Late Proterozoic Occurrence? eud Occurrence Zr, Nb, Ta Occurrence mon Th, U, Pb, pyro, flu, ilm, apa, tit, zir, bad bio, olig, nep, aeg, sod, can, cal, tour 37-40 Ma (various) Occurrence eud, mon, bri, all apa, aen, lav, mag, zir, bar, sph, rut, ilm, pyr, pyrh, Nb, tit fld, aeg, rie, arf, hed, bio, sodic amps, neph, minor qtz, epi, cal, chl, src, can, anl 28.0 ± 0.8 Ma (K-Ar, nephelinite) bas, eud mag, ilm, pyro, apa, zir, gar Occurrence eud ast, zir, flu, lav, tit, apa neph, mcc, aeg 660-675 Ma (various) Occurrence lop, mon, all, eux apa, flu, gar, rut, tit, zir, irut, pyro, tour, cas, cpy, pyr, pyrh, mlyb, tour, cas qtz, bio, arf, rie, alb, mcc 526-567 Ma (K-Ar, normarkite & syenite) Potential resource gad, bas, kai, pyro, mon, all, apa, ast git, apa, zir, Nb, Be, flu, nar, elp, thor, hem, arm, lei, tit, gal, ast, aen aeg, arf, alb, qtz, k-fld 1271±30 Ma (K-Ar, amph, granite) Page 80

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Qiganlaing Red Wine Rexspar (Birch Island) Saima Sakhariokskii (Sacharijok) Seligdar Shallow Lake Shartolgoi Shvanidzorskii Sierra de Tamaulipas Songwe Syenite (includes Ilomba and Ulindi intrusions) Srednetatarskii (Zaangarskii) Srednevorogovskii Strange Lake (Lac Brisson) Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES alkalic pegmatite Alkalic pegmatite may be associated with carbonatite. Wu and others, 1996 syenite, gneiss Has been U, Zr, Be, and REE prospect. Same as Shallow Lake? Age is average of 11 whole rock samples with relic igneous textures. Woolley, 1987; Castor, 1994 alkalic volcanics Nokleberg and others, 1997 Fengcheng alkaline complex-- syenite, nepheline syenite, phonolite Significant U, Th, Nb potential. Lat-long for town of Saima. Wu and others, 1996; Zhang Peishan and others, nepheline syenite, syenite Syenite is metasomatically altered. Kogarko and others, 1995; Belolipetskii and Voloshin, apatite rock, syenite porphyry Potassic alkaline igneous complex. Unclear if deposit high-temperature apatite-bearing carbonatite or phosphate mobilized from surrounding country rocks. Möller, 1989a; Kogarko and others, 1995 syenite of Red Wine Complex Same as Red Wine? Castor, 1994 alkaline granites ESCAP, 1999 peralkaline syenite, nepheline syenite Kogarko and others, 1995 nepheline syenite, ijolite, urtite, juvite, gabbro, diorite Veins in outcrop of alkaline rocks with area of ≈ 9 km 2. Area has undergone fenitization (alkaline metasomatism). Most veins m wide. Woolley, 1987; Gómez-Caballero, 1990; Elías-Herrera and others, 1990 syenite Central location for large outcrop area. Woolley, 2001 ijolite, foyaite, syenite REE minerals in pegmatites. Kogarko and others, 1995 nordmarkite, peralkaline granite Kogarko and others, 1995 pegmatite in peralkaline granite Iron Ore Co. of Canada and Ming Financial Corp. (1996) Discovered in 1979. 250 km NE of Schefferville. Be deposit. Complex only partially exposed. Peralkaline granite complex about 6 km in diameter. Mineralization in roof zone of magma chamber. Anstett, 1986; Castor, 1994; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Mariano, 1983b; Mariano, 1989; Miller, 1996; Roskill, 1994; Hedrick, 1997; Laval, 1992; Roskill, 1988; Howse and Wardle, 2001 Page 81

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Sucunduri Brazil Amazonas 8-32S 59-28W Ulbrich and Gomes, Sugar Loaf (Mumbwa North, NW Mumbwa) Zambia Central 14-45S 26-50E Estimate for location north of Mumbwa Synnyr Russia Khrebet 56-55N 111-20E Kogarko and others, 204-349 Ma various Tezhsar Armenia 40-41N 44-39E Kogarko and others, Thor Lake (Blachford Lake) Canada Northwest Territories 62-06N 112-40W Woolley, 1987 65 Mt @ 0.3% Ta, 0.4% Nb, 1.7% REE, 3.5% Zr; Proven-- 0.507 Mt @ 0.17% Y oxide, 1.11% Be oxide; 0.51 Mt @ 0.45% REO (1987) 1990; O'Driscoll, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, Tiguesmat el Akhdar (Tigsmat) Mauritania 24-51N 8-11W Woolley, 2001 Tleumbetskii Kazakhstan 50-46N 77-02E Kogarko and others, Tommot Russia 58-23N 125-13E Kogarko and others, 0.1-0.2% Y in grab samples Nokleberg and others, 1997 Toongi (Dubbo) Australia New South Wales 32-26S 148-36E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping Indicated-- 10 Mt @ 0.12% Y2O3, 0.75% REO, 2% ZrO2, 0.04% HfO2, 0.5% Nb2O5, 0.3% Ta2O5; Inferred-- 40 Mt Lishmund and others, 1999 Topsails Canada Newfoundland 48-45N 57-00W Woolley, 1987 Tsakhirt Mongolia Hovd 48-33N 91-56E ESCAP, 1999 Ulaan Tolgoi Mongolia Uvs 49-32N 93-01E ESCAP, 1999 Ulkanshoe Russia? 56-19N 134-49E Nokleberg and others, Page 82

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Sucunduri Sugar Loaf (Mumbwa North, NW Mumbwa) Synnyr Tezhsar Thor Lake (Blachford Lake) Tiguesmat el Akhdar (Tigsmat) Tleumbetskii Tommot Toongi (Dubbo) Topsails Tsakhirt Ulaan Tolgoi Ulkanshoe Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Occurrence eud Occurrence hapa apa, hem, mag, pyr, cpyr, Cu phosphates qtz, horn, bio Occurrence eud, all, apa, bas mag, tit, rut, zir, prv, bad, bio, neph, aeg, can, gar, phlo, wol, epi, crn, sta, kya 300-400 Ma Occurrence flu car, alb, alkali fld, bio, musc 37-39 Ma (K-Ar) Potential. Byproduct of Be mining xen, gad, Y-flu, bas, par, syn, mon phe, col, flu, thor, bert, zir, Nbtan, sph, pyr, mag, sid, plit ank, aeg, rie, arf, qtz, mcc, alb, bio, chl, cars Early Proterozoic-approx. 2100 Ma Occurrence all flu, ast, tit qtz, mcc, aeg, rie, bio 1912 ± 47 Ma (Rb-Sr, wholerock) Occurrence all, mon flu, zir, Fe-thor, top, ilm, tit, apa, pyr, bar, col, gar, sch, rut, ana, gal, wul rie, arf, bio, alb, chl Early Permian Occurrence lop, rink, che, ytt, mon, ytit, ferg, gad inn, lom, Ca-rink, lab, pyro, zir alb, aeg Prospect Zr, Ta, Nb, Hf Occurrence mon, all aen, zir, flu, mag aeg, amph, qtz 421 ± 7 Ma, average (Rb-Sr) Occurrence Y Nb, Ta, Zr Occurrence Ta, Nb, Zn che, par, bas, gag col, zir, cas, wlf, cbe, phe, pyro, plit, bert, hlv, Au, thor Page 83

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Sucunduri Sugar Loaf (Mumbwa North, NW Mumbwa) Synnyr Tezhsar Thor Lake (Blachford Lake) Tiguesmat el Akhdar (Tigsmat) Tleumbetskii Tommot Toongi (Dubbo) Topsails Tsakhirt Ulaan Tolgoi Ulkanshoe Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES agpaitic nepheline syenite complex, trachyte, phonolite Ulbrich and Gomes, 1981; Woolley, 1987; Ulbrich and Gomes, 1981 syenite, brecciated syenite North of Mumbwa. Phosphate mineralization in 3 forms: apatite with Cu-Fe mineralization, apatite pegmatites, supergene Cu phosphates. Too small and comparatively low grade for development. Apatite in pegmatite has high concentrations of yttrium. Discovered Simukanga and others, 1994 nepheline syenite, pulaskite, shonkinite Möller, 1989a; Notholt, 1979; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Belolipetskii and Voloshin, 1996; Kogarko and others, 1995 nepheline syenite, pseudoleucite prophyry Veins in nepheline syenite. Kogarko and others, 1995 peralkaline syenite, gabbro, granite Highwood Resources Ltd. And Hecla Mining Co. of Canada (1988) Small, remote deposit. The T Zone deposit has significant REE, Y, and Be mineralization. Deposits are part of the Blachford Lake alkaline complex. Castor, 1994; O'Driscoll, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Trueman and others, 1985; Taylor and Pollard, 1996; Möller, 1989a; Laval, 1992; Roskill, peralkaline granite Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, 1987: Woolley, 2001 peralkaline granite, syenite Rare earth phosphates and REE-greisen-type mineralization. Kogarko and others, 1995 syenite, larvikite, pulaskite 20 ore bodies and pegmatites in deposit. Nokleberg gives location as 68-24N, 14114E. Kogarko and others, 1995; Nokleberg and others, altered trachytic intrusive Alkane Exploration NL (1999) 50 pegmatites. Lishmund and others, 1999; Mining Journal, 1998; Roskill, 1988; Hedrick, 2000 peralkaline granite, syenite, gabbro, comenditic flows and peralkaline ignimbrites Age is average of 5 samples. Woolley, 1987 alkaline granites and pegmatites ESCAP, 1999 albitized alkaline syenite ESCAP, 1999 alkalic granitic stock Nokleberg and others, 1997 Page 84

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Umm al Birak Saudi Arabia 23-22N 39-13E Drysdall and others, 6.6 Mt @0.14% REE+Y Drysdall and others, 1984 Vedi-Azatskii Armenia 39-59N 45-00E Kogarko and others, Wangu Hill South Africa 28-48S 31-20E Woolley, 2001 Western Keiv (Rovozero, Platongora, Yumperuaiv) Russia Kola Peninsula 67-47N 36-30E Kogarko and others, White Tundra Russia 67-28N 35-50E Kogarko and others, Wind Mountain (see Cornudas Mtns) USA New Mexico 32-02N 105-32W Potter, 1996 Yastrebets Ukraine 51-14N 28-51E Kogarko and others, Yousuobao China Hebei 0.15-2.6% REO, 18-36% P2O5 Wu and others, 1996 HYDROTHERMAL FE-OXIDE Mineville dumps USA New York 44-04N 73-29W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 15.7 Mt @ 1.04% REO (1983) Jackson and Christiansen, Olympic Dam Australia South Australia 30-27S 136-53E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 0.5% REE on average; 2000 Mt @ 0.24-0.45% La + Ce; 0.3285% REO Castor, 1994; Neary and Highley, 1984; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Pea Ridge USA Missouri 0.6 Mt @ 12% REO Whitten and Yancey, 1990 Scrub Oaks USA New Jersey OTHER IGNEOUS-AFFILIATED (INCLUDING PEGMATITES AND VEINS) Alice Springs Australia Northern Territory 23-04S 134-33E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 1 Mt @ 4% all O'Driscoll, 1988 Atlin-Ruffner Canada Ontario 45-01N 78-11W Canada Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources, 1984 0.0366 Mt @ 2.29% CeO2 Canada Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources, 1984 Azovske Ukraine 45-35N 34-34E NIMA, 2001 Big Creek USA Wyoming/Carbon County Page 85

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Umm al Birak Vedi-Azatskii Wangu Hill Western Keiv (Rovozero, Platongora, Yumperuaiv) White Tundra Wind Mountain (see Cornudas Mtns) Yastrebets Yousuobao HYDROTHERMAL FE-OXIDE Mineville dumps Olympic Dam Pea Ridge Scrub Oaks OTHER IGNEOUS-AFFILIATED (INCLUDING PEG Alice Springs Atlin-Ruffner Azovske Big Creek Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy mon, bas, pyro zir, flu, sch, thor(?), cpyr alb, mcc, aeg, arf, bio, qtz Occurrence Cu, Mo, Hg 12 Ma (K-Ar, whole rock) Occurrence mag, Nb, An, Zr qtz, mcc, alb, aeg-aug, rie, bio Produces amazonite; potential Zr-REE deposit? ama, all, mon, bri-(Y), ast, ytt, aes, ferg, pyro, che, Y-tit, tha, gad, pyro, lop, mon, bas tit, zir, apa, flu, mag, sulfides, mlyb aeg, arf, qtz, mcc, alb, amph 2100 ± 50 Ma (Sm-Nd) 2400 ± 50 Ma (Pb, zir & tit) Occurrence mon, xen aen, Fe-bio, zir, tit, apa, flu aeg, arf, qtz, mcc, alb, rie, kat 2430 Ma (Pb, zir) Occurrence eud, mon, aes Be, aen, cata, grg, pkel, pyr, flu neph, fld, aeg, chabazite, nat, oliv, anl Occurrence bas, par, all, bri(?) zir, flu, ilm, apa, gar aeg, hed, Fe-has, rie, ann, fed 1720 to1740 Ma (Pb, zir, syenite) P-REE resource apa, all tit dio, phlo, ano, arf 1827 Ma Past Fe producer; REE resource xen-bearing apa mag, hem, mrt qtz, fld Precambrian REO not recovered; potential byproduct mon, bas, fcer, flor flu, bar, ccc, bran, cpyr, uran, bor, hem qtz Middle Proterozoic - 1500 Ma Potential resource mon, xen, all mag, hem, cas, thor, cpyr, apa, zir, flu, bar qtz, fld, act 1.48 Ga Byproduct syn, xen, bas, che, apa mag, hem, U, Th, zir, ilm, pyr, leu, cpyr, bor qtz, alb-olig Potential resource all Th Occurrence all Potential producer apa, zir Occurrence Page 86

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Umm al Birak Vedi-Azatskii Wangu Hill Western Keiv (Rovozero, Platongora, Yumperuaiv) White Tundra Wind Mountain (see Cornudas Mtns) Yastrebets Yousuobao HYDROTHERMAL FE-OXIDE Mineville dumps Olympic Dam Pea Ridge Scrub Oaks OTHER IGNEOUS-AFFILIATED (INCLUDING PEG Alice Springs Atlin-Ruffner Azovske Big Creek Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES microgranite stock Drysdall and others, 1984 alkaline volcanics, subvolcanics Kogarko and others, 1995 peralkaline gneiss Woolley, 2001 granosyenite, quartz syenite, alkaline granite, silexite Kogarko and others, 1995; Belolipetskii and Voloshin, peralkaline porphyritic granite Kogarko and others, 1995 Eudialyte in dikes, sills, and laccoliths. McLemore and others, 1996a; McLemore and others, 1996b syenite, foyaite REE and Zr mineralization in syenites. Massif nearly oval with an area of 4 sq km. Kogarko and others, 1995 alkalic pegmatite Alkali pegmatite may be associated with carbonatite. Wu and others, 1996 magnetite-hematite vein in gneiss Rhône-Poulenc Apatite in mill tailings averages from 4 to more than 11% REO. Magnetite-hematite orebody in metamorphic rocks. Castor, 1994; Mariano, 1989; Möller, 1989a; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Möller and others, 1989 Olympic Dam Breccia Complex-granite breccia Western Mining Corp. - BP Group (1988) Castor, 1994; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Kennedy, 1988; Gieré, 1996 breccia pipes assoc. with granite and syenite 95 km SW of St. Louis. Castor, 1994; Whitten and Yancey, 1990 metamorphic rocks Magnetite-hematite orebody in metamorphic rocks. Möller, 1989a; Klemic and others, 1959 pegmatite Allanite contains 20% rare earths and 1.5% Th. O'Driscoll, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Uranex Resources Ltd. (1984) Pegmatite zone is 61 m long, 1.8 m wide, 49 m deep and contains allanite crystals of to 15 cm in size. Canada Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources, Hosted in igneous rock. O'Driscoll, 1998 T30N, R80-81W King, 1991 Page 87

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Cooglegong Australia Western Australia 21-30S 119-24E NIMA, 2001 Crescent Peak USA Nevada Denegama Sri Lanka Balangoda 6-43N 80-43E NIMA, 2001 Diamond Creek USA Idaho/Caribou 45-15N 113-54W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 0.235 Mt @ 1.96% mon or 1.23% REO (1978) Jackson and Christiansen, Guilherme Group Mozambique Zambezia 14-24S 40-21E Premoli, 1994 Guposhan China Hall Mountain Group USA Idaho 48-59N 116-26W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 0.026% Y2O3 Huashan China Hebei Ile (Namatacatue) Mozambique Zambezia 16-02S 37-05E Premoli, 1994 Kasagwe Burundi 3-25S 29-25E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 0.067 Mt @ 3% bas or 1.5% REO (1990) Jackson and Christiansen, Little Friar Mountain (Massie) USA Virginia 37-46N 79-06W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Llano County (Williams Mine, others) United States Texas 30-40-09N 098-28-22W USGS, 2000, MRDS database M'Tomoti Mozambique Zambezia 15-30S 38-19E Premoli, 1994 Macotaia Mozambique Zambezia 15-25S 38-25E Premoli, 1994 MacDonald Pegmatite Canada Ontario Mazurivske Ukraine McKeel Lake Canada New Brunswick 45-29-03N 66-10-55W New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources & Energy, 2001 Mineral X USA Arizona 35-07N 114-04W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Nipissis Canada Quebec 51-00N 65-15W Mariano, 1999 Nisikkatch-Hoidas Lakes Canada Saskatchewan 69-50N 109-10W Woolley, 1987 Nuwara Eliya Sri Lanka 7-18N 80-46E NIMA, 2001 Odegarden Norway 58-57N 9-38E Commission for Geological Map of the World, 1972 Petaca District USA New Mexico 36-30N 106-03W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Page 88

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Cooglegong Crescent Peak Denegama Diamond Creek Guilherme Group Guposhan Hall Mountain Group Huashan Ile (Namatacatue) Kasagwe Little Friar Mountain (Massie) Llano County (Williams Mine, others) M'Tomoti Macotaia MacDonald Pegmatite Mazurivske McKeel Lake Mineral X Nipissis Nisikkatch-Hoidas Lakes Nuwara Eliya Odegarden Petaca District Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Past producer, minor ytan, gad Occurrence mon, apa Precambrian? Occurrence mon Prospect mon, xen flu, hem, thor fld, qtz Precambrian Occurrence Occurrence ferg, all, aes, thor tit bio Occurrence mon, all Au, zir, apa, hem, thor, mag qtz Occurrence cer Occurrence Occurrence bas Small Past Producer all, ferg mcc, zir, apa, mag qtz, bio, horn, hyper Small Past Producer all, gad, ferg flu Middle Proterozoic Occurrence Occurrence Occurrence all, RE-zircon mag, tit, pyr, mlyb, beta, U-thor, Sr qtz, cal, gr 877 Ma (Pb) Potential producer apa, zir Occurrence apa, flu, hem, cas, uran, Zr, Nb chl Occurrence ferg fld, Nb, Ta Occurrence apa mag Occurrence all, apa Th, bar, anl, pyr, sid, zir, tit fld, amph, cal, qtz, chl Occurrence mon apa, mon rut, wag, pyrh, pent, cpyr, pyr, Phlo phlo, sca Occurrence mon mica, sam, bis, ber, flu, col, mag, Ta, U, Th qtz, mcc, alb, gar Precambrian Page 89

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Cooglegong Crescent Peak Denegama Diamond Creek Guilherme Group Guposhan Hall Mountain Group Huashan Ile (Namatacatue) Kasagwe Little Friar Mountain (Massie) Llano County (Williams Mine, others) M'Tomoti Macotaia MacDonald Pegmatite Mazurivske McKeel Lake Mineral X Nipissis Nisikkatch-Hoidas Lakes Nuwara Eliya Odegarden Petaca District Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES Produced a few hundred kilograms of yttrotantalite and gadolinite. Lat-long is for town of Cooglegong. Neary and Highley, 1984 granite Castor, 1994 Pegmatites are weathered. ESCAP, 1989 quartzite Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Premoli, 1994 granite, granodiorite, limestone There are placers associated with this deposit. Wen Lu, 1998; Zhang Peishan and others, 1995 quartzite Mining ceased in the 1940's. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 alkali granite Zhang Peishan and others, 1995 Premoli, 1994 Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 granodiorite Pegmatite dike in hypersthene granodiorite. Mitchell, 1966; Pegau, 1932 pegmatite Several tons of pegmatite were mined prior to 1909. Möller, 1989a Premoli, 1994 Premoli, 1994 zoned granite pegmatite Lentz, 1991 O'Driscoll, 1998 aplitic granite, syenite, alkali granite, granophyre Veins in hematized and chloritized fractures. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.gnb.ca/0078/minerals/index.asp Phillips, 1987; Parker, 1963 granitic gneiss Hydrothermal apatite and magnetite mineralization. Mariano, 1989; Mariano, 1999 Apatite and carbonate-rich veins in zone ama 10 km long. Grab samples contain ama 12% REE. 40 km NE of Uranium City. Saskatchewan Geological Survey, 1991; Woolley, Pegmatites are weathered. Lat-long is for the town of Teldeniya. ESCAP, 1989 meta-gabbro, amphibolite Apatite contains ama 3000 ppm REE. Dikes formed from magmatic hydrothermal replacement. British Sulphur Corporation, 1987; Bugge, 1978 pegmatites in schist, quartzite U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, Mineral Resources Data System Page 90

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Pitinga Brazil Amazonas 00-45S 60-07W Towner, 1992 Ploskaya Mountain Russia Kola Peninsula Pomona Tile Company USA California 34-20N 115-33W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Signal district USA Arizona 34-32N 113-33W USGS, 2000, MRDS database South Platte District USA Colorado Teldeniya Sri Lanka Nugatenne 7-18N 80-46E NIMA, 2001 Telixtlahuaca Mexico Oaxaca 17-18N 96-54W NIMA, 2001 Tie Siding USA Wyoming/Albany County Valle Fertil Argentina San Juan 31-00S 67-30W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Wolf Mountain USA? Alaska? 62-20N 161-29W Nokleberg and others, About 0.10% REE Nokleberg and others, 1997 Xihuashan China Jiangxi 25-26N 114-20E NIMA, 2001 ION ADSORPTION Chenxian County China Hunan 25-48N 113-02E NIMA, 2001 8000 t, 0.05-0.30% REO Zhang Chuanfu, 1994, 1996 Dingnan China Jiangxi 24-47N 15-02E NIMA, 2001 Gannan Mine China Jiangxi Guangdong China Guangdong Guidong China Hunan 11,000 t, 0.05-0.30% REO Zhang Chuanfu, 1994, 1996 Jianghua area China Hunan 12,000 t, 0.35% REO Zhang Chuanfu, 1994, 1996 Lanshan area China Hunan medium size, 0.03-0.10% REO Zhang Chuanfu, 1994, 1996 Page 91

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Pitinga Ploskaya Mountain Pomona Tile Company Signal district South Platte District Teldeniya Telixtlahuaca Tie Siding Valle Fertil Wolf Mountain Xihuashan ION ADSORPTION Chenxian County Dingnan Gannan Mine Guangdong Guidong Jianghua area Lanshan area Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Potential. byproduct xen, Y-Nb mineralization cas, zir, pyro, col, tan Y-flu, kei, hing, fcer, ppyroe, aes, lop, ferg, for, cay, gad, kai, kul, tha, chu, mon, xen, bas, kam, syn, teng Occurrence eux, all, mon Occurrence eux, sam Nb, Ta flu F, Nb 1010 Ma Occurrence mon Occurrence unknown, minor all cry, pyro, Th, U, K qtz, bio, Fe oxide Middle Proterozoic Occurrence mon qtz, mica vrm mon, bas apy, cin, U, Th, Nb, Mo, Hg Producer gad, ferg, mon, eux, xen wlf, sch Active producer Ta, Nb, Be Producer clay Page 92

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Pitinga Ploskaya Mountain Pomona Tile Company Signal district South Platte District Teldeniya Telixtlahuaca Tie Siding Valle Fertil Wolf Mountain Xihuashan ION ADSORPTION Chenxian County Dingnan Gannan Mine Guangdong Guidong Jianghua area Lanshan area Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES Mineraçao Taboca SA Greisenization of biotite granite produced primary mineralization. Also weathered zone with assoc. placers O'Driscoll, 1989; Towner, 1992 amazonite pegmatites in contact zone of metasomatically altered granite Belolipetskii and Voloshin, 1996 Hewett and Glass, 1953 Parker, 1963 Pikes Peak batholith-quartz monzonite Levasseur, 1997; Möller, 1989a; Möller, 1989b Pegmatites are weathered. Lat-long is for the town of Teldeniya. ESCAP, 1989 Pegmatites? Lat-long is for town of Telixtlahuaca. Gómez-Caballero, 1990 Sherman granite King, 1991 Mineralization is in pegmatites and veins. Angelelli and others, 1980 andesite, dacite, tuff, granite, alaskite, adamellite Nokleberg and others, 1997 granite State-owned Lat-long is for town of Xihuashan. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Zhang Peishan and others, 1995 Complex REE and polymetallic deposit. Ore bodies are closely spaced, layer-like, and 410 m thick. 90-99% recovery of REE. Industrial Minerals, 1988; Zhang Chuanfu, 1994, 1996 Possibly a separate orebody in the Ganan Mine. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Clark and Zheng, 1991b The Gannan Mine may have 3 separate orebodies-- Dingnan, Longnan, Xunwu. Roskill, 1988; Clark and Zheng, 1991b Roskill, 1988 Closely spaced ore bodies. ore bodies layerlike and 5-12 m thick. 90-99% recovery of REE. Zhang Chuanfu, 1994, 1996 Zhang Chuanfu, 1994, 1996 Small, scattered, lenticular, discontinuous ore bodies. 50-80% recovery of REO. Zhang Chuanfu, 1994, 1996 Page 93

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Linwu China Hunan 1500 t, 0.01-0.10% REO Zhang Chuanfu, 1994, 1996 Longchuan Heping China Guangdong Longnan (Zudong?) China Jiangxi/Longnan 24-54N 114-48E 1 Mt REO Kingsnorth and Harries-Rees, Pingyuan China Guangdong Qingyuan China Guangdong 23-42N 113-02E NIMA, 2001 Rucheng area China Hunan 3000 t, 0.01-0.10% REO Zhang Chuanfu, 1994, 1996 Ruyuan China Guangdong 24-46N 113-16E NIMA, 2001 Tongsalin China Hunan Unnamed China Fujian Xunwun (Xunwu, Xun wa, Heling, Nanqiao) China Jiangxi/Xunwu 24-58N 115-38E Zhangding (Longyan) China Fujian 25-08N 117-02E Zixing China Hunan 5000t, 0.01-0.30% REO Zhang Chuanfu, 1994, 1996 METAMORPHIC Anomalnoe Russia? 54-04N 157-24E Nokleberg and others, Bastnäs Sweden Bordvedaga Norway Guangshui China Hubei 0.2-0.3% REO, 0.086% Y2O3, 0.5-1.0% ZrO2, 0.027% Nb2O5 Wu and others, 1996 Indian Creek District USA Idaho 45-25N 114-10W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Ingichke Uzbekistan Lemhi Pass USA Idaho 44-57N 113-37W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 39 Mt @ 0.81% mon or 0.51% REO (1989) Jackson and Christiansen, Mineral Hill District USA Idaho 45-28N 114-17W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Monumental Summit USA Idaho 44-54N 115-16W Cater and others, 0.086 Mt @ 3.6 kg REE/t Cater and others, 1973 Music Valley USA California 34-01N 115-57W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 ama 16% REO (1964); 0.05 Mt @ 8.6% REO (1983) Castor, 1994; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Page 94

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Linwu Longchuan Heping Longnan (Zudong?) Pingyuan Qingyuan Rucheng area Ruyuan Tongsalin Unnamed Xunwun (Xunwu, Xun wa, Heling, Nanqiao) Zhangding (Longyan) Zixing METAMORPHIC Anomalnoe Bastnäs Bordvedaga Guangshui Indian Creek District Ingichke Lemhi Pass Mineral Hill District Monumental Summit Music Valley Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Producer clay Producer clay Producer clay Producer clay Producer clay Producer clay clay clay col-tan, ilm, rut K-fld, alb 170 Ma (K-Ar, fld) -- Proterozoic all, cer, fcer hem Be Occurrence gad, ferg, xen, mon, all zir, gah, apa epi, qtz, alb, mcc Late Proterozoic Occurrence all, mon ilm, rut, mag, bar, pyr, sid cal, act, qtz, gla, bio Precambrian Occurrence Occurrence mon, xen, bas, all, anc, lop, chu thor, rut, apa, coll, prym, hem, bar, flu fld, qtz, ank 90-99 Ma (Pb-alpha, mon) -- Precambrian Occurrence mon Th, P, mag, sid, rut?, pyr qtz, act, cal Precambrian Occurrence rhab Precambrian Occurrence xen, mon Au bio, qtz Precambrian Page 95

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Linwu Longchuan Heping Longnan (Zudong?) Pingyuan Qingyuan Rucheng area Ruyuan Tongsalin Unnamed Xunwun (Xunwu, Xun wa, Heling, Nanqiao) Zhangding (Longyan) Zixing METAMORPHIC Anomalnoe Bastnäs Bordvedaga Guangshui Indian Creek District Ingichke Lemhi Pass Mineral Hill District Monumental Summit Music Valley Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES Very small, scattered, irregular orebodies. 40-70% recovery of REE. Zhang Chuanfu, 1994, 1996 State-owned Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 weathered granite High content of MREE and HREE. Possibly a separate orebody in the Ganan Mine. Anstett, 1986; Morteani, 1991; Wu and others, 1996; Clark and Zheng, 1991; Wen Lu, 1998; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Kingsnorth and Harries-Rees, 1993 State-owned Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 State-owned Lat-long is for town of Qingyuan. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 Very small, scattered, irregular orebodies. 40-70% recovery of REE. Zhang Chuanfu, 1994, 1996 State-owned Lat-long is for town of Ruyuan. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 State-owned Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 weathered syenite High content of MREE and HREE. Possibly a separate orebody in the Ganan Mine. Morteani and Preinfalk, 1996; Wu and others, 1996; Clark and Zheng, 1991; Wen Lu, 1998 weathered granite Cited as Longyan by Wu and others, 1996. Wu and others, 1996; Clark and Zheng, 1991, 1991b Irregular, lenicular ore bodies 5-8 m thick. 60-80% recovery of REE. Zhang Chuanfu, 1994, 1996 schist Vein forms orebody over 1 km long and ≤ 12.5 m thick. Nokleberg and others, 1997 Hematite skarn. Moller, 1989a O'Driscoll, 1995 silicic metaschist Deposit is stratiform. Wu and others, 1996 marble, biotite schist, gneiss Includes Wilkey Evans and Reese Esker claims, Radiant group. Anderson, 1958 skarn REE associated with scheelite skarns. Harben and Kuzvart, 1996 quartzite, phyllite, gneiss, schist Veins. Thorium is dominant mineralization. Harben and Kuzvart, 1996; Woolley, 1987; Austin and others, 1970; Möller, 1989a; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Newton and others, 1960 mica schist, marble Abbott, 1954 quartzite, schist, calcareous rock Cater and others, 1973 gneiss Castor, 1994; Möller, 1989a; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Page 96

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Nam Xe North (Mau Xe North) Vietnam Lai Chau 22-29N 103-30E Estimation Possible reserves-- 7 Mt REO; Proven + probable--7.8 Mt REO; Proven-- 1.745 Mt REO; Dzien, 1990 Nam Xe South (Mau Xe North) Vietnam Lai Chau 22-29N 103-30E Estimation Proven + probable reserves-- 940 t REO; Possible reserves- - 3.0 Mt REO; average of 10.6% REO ESCAP, 1990; Dzien, 1990 Sheep Creek USA Montana 45-30N 114-20W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Shengtieling China Liaoning 2% REO, 34% Fe, 1-3% P2O5 Wu and others, 1996; Steenkampskraal (Steentampskraal) South Africa Cape Province Reserves-- >0.2 Mt @ 12.5% REO Hedrick, 1998 Wuhe China Guangdong 23-28N 112-20E NIMA, 2001 PLACER, Shoreline Agnes Waters (Rocky Point) Australia Queensland 24-13S 151-54E Towner, 1992 2-4% HM ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Aguas Dulces Uruguay Rocha 34-15S 53-43W USGS, 2000, MRDS database 2.5% HM Alcobaça Brazil Bahia 17-15S 39-14W Azevedo Branco, 0.47% mon Jackson and Christiansen, Allied Eneabba Australia Western Australia 29-54S 115-16E MRDS, 2001 Total reserves-- 150 Mt @ 4% HM, 0.043 Mt mon Roskill, 1988 Alwaya (Alwaye) India Kerala 10-07N 76-20E Amity Australia Queensland 27-24S 153-26E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping Anchieta (Parati, Imbiri, Pipa de Viho, Mãebá) Brazil Espírito Santo 20-46S 40-35W Azevedo Branco, Measured reserves- 698 t mon grading 60.02% REO (1986); 0.057 Mt @ 0.71% mon (1987) Roskill, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Page 97

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Nam Xe North (Mau Xe North) Nam Xe South (Mau Xe North) Sheep Creek Shengtieling Steenkampskraal (Steentampskraal) Wuhe PLACER, Shoreline Agnes Waters (Rocky Point) Aguas Dulces Alcobaça Allied Eneabba Alwaya (Alwaye) Amity Anchieta (Parati, Imbiri, Pipa de Viho, Mãebá) Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Prospect bas, par bar, flu, mag, U-pyro, Th, pyr, gal, apa, Sr Middle Carboniferous - Permian Prospect bas, par bar, flu, str, pyr, Th Late Permian Past small producer Th, Nb Occurrence mon bar, mag Archean Active producer? mon Ti mag Occurrence xen, mon Occurrence mon ilm, zir, rut qtz Tertiary Occurrence mon ilm, mag, zir, rut Cenozoic Past byproduct producer mon ilm, zir, rut, tit? qtz Late Tertiary or PleistoceneHolocene Past byproduct producer mon ilm, zir Pleistocene-Recent mon Ti, Zr Past byproduct producer mon Ti, Zr Pliocene-Pleistocene Past producer? mon ilm, rut, zir qtz Late Tertiary Page 98

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Nam Xe North (Mau Xe North) Nam Xe South (Mau Xe North) Sheep Creek Shengtieling Steenkampskraal (Steentampskraal) Wuhe PLACER, Shoreline Agnes Waters (Rocky Point) Aguas Dulces Alcobaça Allied Eneabba Alwaya (Alwaye) Amity Anchieta (Parati, Imbiri, Pipa de Viho, Mãebá) Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES limestone, marble, schist Vietnamese Gov't Metasomatic + weathered ore. On N side of Nam Xe River in Phong Tho district. Lenses, veins, disseminated ore in crushed zones of lst affected by metasomatism. Weathered ore contains 4-5% REO to depth of 20 m. Primary ore contains an average of 1.4% REO. Hedrick, 1997; O'Driscoll, 1996; ESCAP, 1990; Premoli, 1990; Juskowiak and others, 1986; Dzien, basic volcanics Vietnamese Gov't Metasomatic + weathered ore. On S side of Nam Xe River in Phong Tho district. REE reserves include 3225 t of Y2O3 Hedrick, 1997; O'Driscoll, 1996; ESCAP, 1990; Premoli, 1990; Juskowiak and others, 1986; Dzien, carbonate rocks, gneiss, schist Crowley, 1960 migmatized gneiss Wu and others, 1996 gneiss Rare Earth Extraction Co. (1997) Mon-apa veins in gneiss. Approximately 20,000 t of mon remained in 1986. In 1996, restartup planned for 1998, mine life was estimated at 10 years. Harben and Kuzvart, 1996; Castor, 1994; de Kun, 1987; Hedrick, 1998; von Backstrom, 1976 migmatite Lat-long is for the town of Wuhe. Wen Lu, 1998 dune sand Mineral Deposits Ltd. Marine placer. 3 generations of dune formation. Towner, 1992; Towner and others, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 beach sands Bossi, 1978 dune and beach sand Nuclebras de Monazita e Associados Ltda (1989) Marine placer. Anstett, 1986; Neary and Highley, 1984; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Overstreet, 1967; Azevedo Branco, 1984; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Renison Goldfields (1988) Anstett, 1986; Roskill, 1988 Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 Consolidated Rutile Ltd. (1989) Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 Grupo Barreiras and younger sediments Nuclebras de Monazita e Associados Ltda. (1988) Small modern beach placers, elevated bars. Mon contains about 5.2% ThO2. Probably depleted. Anstett, 1986; Overstreet, 1967; Azevedo Branco, 1984; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Page 99

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Angoche Mozambique Estimated reserves-- 124 Mt @ 4% HM Roskill, 1988 Antete area Madagascar Aracruz Brazil Espírito Santo 19-58S 40-09W Azevedo Branco, Measured reserves- 2964 t mon grading 59.98% REO (1986); 0.282 Mt @ 1.05% mon (1987) Roskill, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Arimoor Nigeria Benue Plateau Australind Australia Western Australia 33-14S 115-45E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 6 Mt @ 0.03% mon (15% HM) Jackson and Christiansen, Ayer Kuning Malaysia Perak Badarmokam Bangladesh 1.765 Mt @ 0.28% mon (1983) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Banda Aceh Indonesia Sumatra 5-35N 95-20E Banka Island (Bangka) Indonesia Pulau Banka (Banka Island) 2-15S 106-00E Baraghoriapara Bangladesh Moheshkhali Island 0.888 Mt @ 0.1% mon (1983) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Barrytown New Zealand South Island/Westland 42-14S 171-19E Towner, 1992 10.8 Mt @ 0.1-0.3% mon (1970's); 73.3 Mt @ 0.001% mon or 0.00055% REO (1989) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, Batu Gajah Malaysia Perak Bayside (Yoganup North) Australia Queensland Beenup (Scott River) Australia Western Australia 5% HM ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Beihei (Beihai, Peibhai?) District China Guangxi 21-29N 109-06E Towner, 1992 1-2% HM; 530 Mt ore (1989) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, Belitung (Billiton) Indonesia Banka-Belitung Island 2-50S 107-55E Berhala Island Indonesia Beruwala Sri Lanka 6-29N 79-59E ESCAP and ABMRGG, Page 100

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Angoche Antete area Aracruz Arimoor Australind Ayer Kuning Badarmokam Banda Aceh Banka Island (Bangka) Baraghoriapara Barrytown Batu Gajah Bayside (Yoganup North) Beenup (Scott River) Beihei (Beihai, Peibhai?) District Belitung (Billiton) Berhala Island Beruwala Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Prospect (1988) mon ilm, zir, rut, mag Past producer mon Ti Past byproduct producer (1989) mon ilm, rut, zir qtz Late Tertiary Past byproduct producer (1988) mon cas mon ilm, rut, zir, leu, gar qtz Quaternary Byproduct producer (1988) mon cas mon ilm, leu, mag, zir, rut Occurrence mon Ti-mag, zir qtz, fld, chl ? Poss byproduct of Sn mining mon, xen, all cas, ilm, pyr, mar, hem, rut, zir, tour mon ilm, rut, leu, zir Under development (1988) mon ilm, gar, mag, zir, rut, Au, U-thor, cas qtz, fld Quaternary Byproduct producer (1988) mon, xen cas Exhausted (1998) mon Ti, Zr Pliocene-Pleistocene Production ceased 4/99 mon ilm, zir cly Pleistocene-Recent Producer byproduct monazite mon ilm, zir, rut qtz Cenozoic Past small byproduct producer mon, xen, all cas, ilm, pyr, mar, hem, rut, zir, tour Occurrence mon mon zir, ilm, gar Page 101

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Angoche Antete area Aracruz Arimoor Australind Ayer Kuning Badarmokam Banda Aceh Banka Island (Bangka) Baraghoriapara Barrytown Batu Gajah Bayside (Yoganup North) Beenup (Scott River) Beihei (Beihai, Peibhai?) District Belitung (Billiton) Berhala Island Beruwala Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES Kenmare Resources (1988) Roskill, 1988; O'Driscoll, 1988 Neary and Highley, 1984 Grupo Barreiras sand Nuclebras de Monazita e Associados Ltda. (1989) Anstett, 1986; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Roskill, 1988 sand Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Tronah Mines Malaysia Bhd. (1988) Roskill, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 In northern Sumatra. Skillen, 1996a beach sand One placer on this island was said to contain too much mon to permit profitable recovery of cassiterite. Overstreet, 1967; Möller, 1989a,b; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 sand of Nine Mile Fm Grampian Mining (199?) Marine placer beach and dune sands extending over a distance of 16 km along the coast. Deposit averages 10 m thick. Towner, 1992; Christie and others, 2000; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Hedrick, 1993 Several Roskill, 1988 Consolidated Rutile Ltd. Exhausted. O'Driscoll, 1988; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Hedrick, 1995, 1996 BHP Titanium Minerals Pty. Ltd. Deposit contains 20% clay. First prod 1997. Operation closed due to processing problems. Hedrick, 1995, 1996, 1998; Harben and Kuzvart, 1996; Industrial Minerals, 1999; ESCAP and ABMRGG, coastal plain sands State-owned Mixed river and marine placers along coastline. Ama 60% of mined material may be from river sands. Mined by farmers collectives. Towner, 1992; Towner and others, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Overstreet, 1967; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 In the Strait of Malacca. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Neary and Highley, 1984; Overstreet, 1967; ESCAP, 1989 Page 102

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Bilugyun and Kyaikkami Beach Myanmar 16-20N 97-27E Birchfield New Zealand South Island Birthday Gift (Murray Basin) Australia New South Wales 61 Mt @ 3.6% HM Lishmund and others, 1999 Boulougne USA Florida Bowen (Abbot Point) Australia Queensland 19-53S 148-05E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Brejo Grande - Pacatuba Brazil Sergipe 10-30S 36-26W Azevedo Branco, 0.062 Mt mon Azevedo Branco, 1984 Bridge Hill Ridge Australia New South Wales 32-25S 152-28E Towner, 1992 Bruce Bay New Zealand South Island Brunswick-Altamaha USA Georgia 31-19N 81-28W Towner, 1992 65.85 Mt @ 0.0288% mon (1982) Jackson and Christiansen, Buena (Buena Norte, Buena Sul) Brazil Rio de Janeiro 21-31S 41-05W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 0.83% mon Jackson and Christiansen, Bukit Duabelas Indonesia Sumatra (East) 1-57S 102-40E Bunbury Australia Western Australia 33-19S 115-38E Busselton East Australia Western Australia 33-40S 115-23E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Byfield (Bayfield) Australia Queensland 22-48S 150-46E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 2400 Mt @ 1.14% HM; 0.0005% mon Roskill, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Cabin Bluff USA Fl or GA Cable Sands Australia Western Australia Cam Hoa Vietnam Ha Tinh 18-13N 105-52E ESCAP, 1990 Cam Nhuong Vietnam Ha Tinh 18-18N 105-48E ESCAP, 1990 Camaratuba Brazil Rio Grande do Norte 06-54S 35-00W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 44.7 Mt @ 0.55% mon Jackson and Christiansen, Capel Australia Western Australia 33-33S 115-33E Page 103

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Bilugyun and Kyaikkami Beach Birchfield Birthday Gift (Murray Basin) Boulougne Bowen (Abbot Point) Brejo Grande - Pacatuba Bridge Hill Ridge Bruce Bay Brunswick-Altamaha Buena (Buena Norte, Buena Sul) Bukit Duabelas Bunbury Busselton East Byfield (Bayfield) Cabin Bluff Cable Sands Cam Hoa Cam Nhuong Camaratuba Capel Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Occurrence mon mon ilm, zir HM Prospect ilm, zir, rut Tertiary Past producer mon ilm, leu, rut, zir Prospect mon ilm, rut, zir qtz ? mon ilm, zir Quaternary- Holocene REE Occurrence mon zir, rut, ilm, Th qtz Quaternary mon ilm, zir Occurrence mon ilm; minor rut, leu, zir, mag, Th qtz Pleistocene Producer byproduct monazite mon ilm, zir, rut qtz Late Tertiary Occurrence mon ilm, mag, zir, cas Past byproduct producer mon, xen ilm, mag, zir, rut, gar Pleistocene-Recent Prospect mon ilm, rut, zir, leu qtz Holocene Prospect mon ilemnite, zir, rut qtz Late Tertiary Past byproduct producer mon, xen ilm, zir Pleistocene-Recent ? mon, xen ilm, zir ? mon, xen ilm, zir ? mon, xen ilm, rut, zir, gar tour, qtz Late Tertiary Past byproduct producer mon, xen ilm, leu, zir, rut; minor cas, gar, kya, crn Pleistocene-Recent Page 104

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Bilugyun and Kyaikkami Beach Birchfield Birthday Gift (Murray Basin) Boulougne Bowen (Abbot Point) Brejo Grande - Pacatuba Bridge Hill Ridge Bruce Bay Brunswick-Altamaha Buena (Buena Norte, Buena Sul) Bukit Duabelas Bunbury Busselton East Byfield (Bayfield) Cabin Bluff Cable Sands Cam Hoa Cam Nhuong Camaratuba Capel Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES black sands ESCAP, 1998 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 beach sand RZM Pty. Ltd. In Murray Basin. Coarse-grained beach placer. Resource estimate is indicated + inferred . Lishmund and others, 1999; Pearson, 1999; Mineral Deposits Ltd., 2000, accessed at URL ://www.mineraldeposits.com.au/ in Feb., 2000 Humphrey's Mining Co. (1979) Deposit is exhausted. Neary and Highley, 1984; Garnar, 1981; Pirkle and others, 1974 sand Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 sediments Azevedo Branco, 1984 dune sand Marine placer and wind-blown dunes. Towner, 1992; Towner and others, 1988; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Marine placer. Anstett, 1986; Towner, 1992; Towner and others, dune and beach sand Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil SA (INB) Anstett, 1986; Overstreet, 1967; Kendall, 1996; Hedrick, 1997; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 beach and dune sand Skillen, 1996a Cable Sands Ltd. Dry mining operation. Produced xen as well as mon. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Overstreet, 1967; Harben and Kuzvart, 1996; Dreissen, 1990 sand Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 sand RZM (1988) Steep wind-blown sand dunes. Near Yeppoon. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Roskill, 1988 Cocker, 1998 Cable Sands Pty. Ltd. (1986) In Murray Basin. Anstett, 1986; O'Driscoll, 1988 dune sand Coastal placer. average thickness of 1.2 m. Part of the Ky Anh-Cam Xuyen group. Locations of Cam Hoa and Cam Nhuong may be reversed. O'Driscoll, 1996; ESCAP, 1990 dune sand Coastal placer with 2 ore bodies. Part of the Ky Anh-Cam Xuyen group. Locations of Cam Hoa and Cam Nhuong may be reversed. O'Driscoll, 1996; ESCAP, 1990 dune sand Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Westralian Sands (1999) Dry mining operation. Produced xen as well as mon? Anstett, 1986; Castor, 1994; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Hedrick, 1995, 1996; Overstreet, 1967; Dreissen, 1990 Page 105

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Capel (North Capel) Australia Western Australia 33-31S 115-35E Towner and others, 0.08% mon Jackson and Christiansen, Capel South Australia Western Australia 33-37S 115-27E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 40% HM; 25.3 Mt @0.06% mon (1989) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, Cat Khanh Vietnam Binh Dinh or Nghia Binh? 13-30N 105-12E ESCAP, 1990 8.97 Mt @ 0.117% mon (7.7% HM) Jackson and Christiansen, Cataby Australia 30-43S 115-31E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 569 Mt @ 3.22% HM (1989) Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 Changan China Guangond/Hainan Island Chatrapur (Chartrapur, Orissa Sands Complex/OSCOM) India Orissa 19-18N 84-57E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Proven-- 240 Mt @ 0.625% mon, 9.6% ilm, 0.5% rut, 0.42% zir, 3.29% sill + Inferred-- 350 Mt (1982); 224 Mt @ 0.632% mon or 0.3476% REO (1989) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, Chavara (Quilon)- IREL India Kerala 08-57N 76-30E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Total for deposit 0.12 Mt mon; 0.5-1.0% mon (1973); 118 Mt @ 0.16% mon or 0.0856% REO (1989) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Roskill, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Chavara (Quilon)- KMML India Kerala/ Kollam 09-00N 76-30E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 114.8 Mt @ 0.16% mon or 0.088% REO (1989) Jackson and Christiansen, Cheyne Bay Australia Western Australia 34-34S 118-45E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping Chingshankangchow Taiwan 0.765 Mm3 @ 13.0% mon, 20.4% ilm, 18.4% zir, 2.1% rut (1968) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Chumphon Thailand 10-30N 99-10E Coleroon - Sirkazhi India Tamilnadu/ Thanjavur 11-15N 79-45E ESCAP and ABMRGG, Page 106

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Capel (North Capel) Capel South Cat Khanh Cataby Changan Chatrapur (Chartrapur, Orissa Sands Complex/OSCOM) Chavara (Quilon)- IREL Chavara (Quilon)- KMML Cheyne Bay Chingshankangchow Chumphon Coleroon - Sirkazhi Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Past byproduct producer; N. part of deposit exhausted (1987) mon, xen ilm, zir, leu, rut qtz Pleistocene-Recent Past byproduct producer mon, xen ilm, leu, zir, rut Pleistocene-Recent Current producer mon, xen ilm, zir, rut, leu Past byproduct producer mon ilm, rut, zir qtz Pleistocene Possible resource mon Producer byproduct monazite mon ilm, rut, leu, zir, kya, gar, sil qtz, sta, amps Quaternary Producer byproduct monazite mon ilm, rut, zir, leu, sil, gar qtz Quaternary Byproduct producer mon ilm, rut, zir, leu, sil, gar qtz Quaternary Past small producer mon Occurrence mon ilm, zir, rut, mag qtz Byproduct producer (1988) mon cas Occurrence mon ilm, zir, gar Page 107

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Capel (North Capel) Capel South Cat Khanh Cataby Changan Chatrapur (Chartrapur, Orissa Sands Complex/OSCOM) Chavara (Quilon)- IREL Chavara (Quilon)- KMML Cheyne Bay Chingshankangchow Chumphon Coleroon - Sirkazhi Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES marine, dune sands Westralian Sands (1999) Dune deposits. Anstett, 1986; O'Driscoll, 1988; Towner and others, 1988; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Hedrick, 1999; Overstreet, 1967; Griffiths, 1992; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Roskill, 1988 beach sand Discovered 1954. Welch and others, 1975; Overstreet, 1967; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Bimal Minerals Co. Ltd. Coastal placer. 3 ore horizons in placer. O'Driscoll, 1996; ESCAP, 1990 beach sand Minproc Chemicals Pty. Ltd and KMCX Western Australia Pty. Ltd. (1990) Anstett, 1986; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Not developed because most of area is under cultivation. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 sand dunes Indian Rare Earths Ltd. Byproduct of Ti mining. Belt of sand dunes in 1500 m wide and 19 km long. Relatively low U+Th (50-60 ppm) in ilmenite concentrate. Anstett, 1986; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Towner, 1992; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Overstreet, 1967; Harben and Kuzvart, 1996; Russell, 1991; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 beach sand Indian Rare Earths Ltd. Byproduct of Ti mining. Mon distribution is patchy. Ore is 18% HM. Anstett, 1986; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Overstreet, 1967; Harben and Kuzvart, 1996; Towner, 1992; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 beach sand Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd. Byproduct of Ti mining. Mon occurrence is patchy. Anstett, 1986; O'Driscoll, 1988; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Overstreet, 1967; Harben and Kuzvart, 1996; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Produced 1949-1950. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Offshore sand bar. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Hedrick and Templeton, 1990 Deposits stretch 14 km from Coleroon River mouth to Sirkazhi. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Page 108

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Congolone (MomaCongolone, Ancoche) Mozambique Nampula 16-01S 40-05E Premoli, 1994 166.8 Mt @ 2.94% ilm, 0.2% zr, 0.05% rut, 0.0066% mon (1990) Premoli, 1994 Coojarloo Australia Western Australia 30-40S 115-20E Towner, 1992 Proven-- 431.3 Mt @ 3.4% HM + Probable-- 138 Mt @ 3.0% HM; 177 Mt @ 3.7% HM (0.2% mon); 0.59 Mt @ 0.009% mon (1990) Roskill, 1988; Hedrick, 1998; Jackson and Christiansen, Cooloola Australia 26-05S 153-07E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 0.00846% mon Jackson and Christiansen, Coromandel Peninsula New Zealand North Island 37-00S 175-52E Estimate for center of area Cox's Bazaar Bangladesh 5.119 Mt @ 0.04% mon (1983) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Cumberland Island USA Georgia 30-54N 81-27W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 241 Mt @ 0.0178% mon or 0.011% REO (1982) Jackson and Christiansen, Cumuruxatiba (Curumuxatiba, Comoxatiba) Brazil Bahia 18-22S 40-42W Towner, 1992 Currumbin Australia Queensland 28-08S 153-29E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping Curtis Island Australia Queensland 23-38S 151-10E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping 2% HM ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Da Nang Vietnam Dardanup Australia Western Australia 33-24S 115-45E NIMA, 2000 Dianbai China Guangdong 21-30N 111-01E NIMA, 2001 Dongara Australia Western Australia 29-15S 114-56E NIMA, 2001 20 Mt @ 6.6% HM Industrial Minerals, 2001 Dong Xuan Vietnam Page 109

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Congolone (MomaCongolone, Ancoche) Coojarloo Cooloola Coromandel Peninsula Cox's Bazaar Cumberland Island Cumuruxatiba (Curumuxatiba, Comoxatiba) Currumbin Curtis Island Da Nang Dardanup Dianbai Dongara Dong Xuan Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Byproduct producer mon ilm, rut, zir qtz Past byproduct producer mon ilm, leu, rut, zir qtz Early Pleistocene Past byproduct producer mon ilm, rut, zir qtz Pleistocene Occurrence mon ilm, gar, mag, zir Cenozoic Active prospect (1988) mon ilm, mag, zir, leu, rut Occurrence mon ilm, minor rut, leu, zir qtz Pleistocene Producer byproduct monazite (1989) mon ilm, zir, rut, Th, mag qtz Quaternary Past byproduct producer mon zir, rut, ilm Occurrence mon ilm, zir, rut Au Under development mon ilm Producer byproduct monazite mon ilm, zir, rut Prospect mon ilm, zir, rut, leu mon, xen ilm, zir Page 110

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Congolone (MomaCongolone, Ancoche) Coojarloo Cooloola Coromandel Peninsula Cox's Bazaar Cumberland Island Cumuruxatiba (Curumuxatiba, Comoxatiba) Currumbin Curtis Island Da Nang Dardanup Dianbai Dongara Dong Xuan Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES dune and beach sand Kenmare Beach sands, dunes. 4 mineralized areas-- Moma (Namalope-Tupuito), Congolone, Quinga, and Marrua. Hedrick, 1997; Griffiths, 1989; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Premoli, 1994; Brown and Nossal, sand of Bassendean Sand, Yoganup Fm Tiwest Joint Venture Munbinea Shoreline- a group of former beaches. Deposit is ama 30 m below water table and is mined by dredging. HM fraction contains 0.2% mon. Hedrick, 1999; O'Driscoll, 1988; Griffiths, 1992; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Roskill, 1988 sand State of Queensland (1986) Mining ceased in 1975 and area is now a national park. Anstett, 1986; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 beach sand Main deposits include Whitianga (Wharekaho Bay), Wharekawa (Opoutere Beach), Waihi Beach, and Matakana Island. Christie and others, 2000 beach sand 100 km SE of Chittagong. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Roskill, 1988 sand Barrier island. In National Park so development unlikely. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Towner, 1992; Towner and others, 1988; Mertie, 1975 Nuclemon Minero - Quimica Ltda. (1989) In Vitoria District in Sao Joao da Barra region. Coastal sand. O'Driscoll, 1988; Overstreet, 1967; Azevedo Branco, Currumbin Minerals Pty. Ltd. (1989) Loc for Currumbin Point. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Overstreet, 1967 dune sand Dunes. All leases surrendered for incorporation into National Park. Loc is general for Curtis Island. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ISK Minerals Pty Ltd. 15 km E of Bunbury. Griffiths, 1992 State-owned Deposit and processing plant. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; ESCAP and ABMRGG, Magnetic Minerals Ltd. (2001) Lat-long is for town of Dongara. Industrial Minerals, 2001 Coastal placer. ESCAP, 1990 Page 111

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Durness (Tea Garden) Australia New South Wales 32-40S 152-09E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping Eneabba Australia Western Australia 29-47S 115-13E Estimated location 0.05% mon Jackson and Christiansen, Eneabba North Australia Western Australia 29-37S 115-20E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping Eneabba South Australia Western Australia Eneabba West Australia Western Australia 29-55S 115-15E USGS, 2000, MRDS database 150 Mt @ 4% HM; 230 Mt @ 3.1% HM; 43 Mt mon O'Driscoll, 1988; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; 1990 Evans Head- Yuraygir National Park area Australia New South Wales 29-05S 153-26E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping Fakiraghona Bangladesh Moheshkhali Island 21-33N 91-57E NIMA, 2001 0.274 Mt @ 0.02% mon (1983) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Fakirahata Bangladesh Moheshkhali Island 0.409 Mt @ 0.047% mon (1983) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Folkston USA Georgia Foreshore Beach - Moheshkhali Island Bangladesh Moheshkhali Island 0.277 Mt @ 0.05% mon (1983) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Fort Dauphine Madagascar 25-00S 47-00E Coakley and others, 60 Mt @ 1.49% mon O'Driscoll, 1988 Foulun Taiwan 24-41N 121-45E NIMA, 2001 0.23 Mm3 @ 11.5% mon, 24.9% zir, 22.1% ilm, 3.2% rut (1968) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Fraser Island (Frazer Island) Australia Queensland 25-22S 153-07E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 2% HM; 1.75% HM, 0.005% mon ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, Page 112

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Durness (Tea Garden) Eneabba Eneabba North Eneabba South Eneabba West Evans Head- Yuraygir National Park area Fakiraghona Fakirahata Folkston Foreshore Beach - Moheshkhali Island Fort Dauphine Foulun Fraser Island (Frazer Island) Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Small producer (1988) mon Ti, Zr Past byproduct producer mon ilm, rut, zir, leu, kya kaolin Late Tertiary-Pleistocene Current producer mon ilm, rut, zir, leu, kya kaolin Late Tertiary-Pleistocene Current producer mon ilm, rut, zir, leu, kya kaolin Late Tertiary-Pleistocene Current producer mon ilm, rut, zir, leu, kya kaolin Late Tertiary-Pleistocene mon mon ilm, zir, rut, leu mon ilm, zir, rut, leu Past producer mon ilm, rut, zir mon ilm, zir, rut, leu, mag Past producer mon ilm Cenozoic? Occurrence mon zir, ilm, rut, mag qtz Past byproduct producer mon ilm, zir, rut qtz Pliocene-PLeistocene Page 113

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Durness (Tea Garden) Eneabba Eneabba North Eneabba South Eneabba West Evans Head- Yuraygir National Park area Fakiraghona Fakirahata Folkston Foreshore Beach - Moheshkhali Island Fort Dauphine Foulun Fraser Island (Frazer Island) Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES BHP, Mineral Deposits Ltd, (1988) Loc is for town of Tea Garden. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Roskill, 1988 Westralian Sands (1999) Mon contains average 58% REE and 7% ThO2. Anstett, 1986; Castor, 1994; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Hedrick, 1998; Overstreet, 1967; Roskill, 1988 Westralian Sands (1999) Dry mining operation. Griffiths, 1992; Hedrick, 1996 RGC Mineral Sands Ltd. Dredge operation. Griffiths, 1992 Westralian Sands (1999) Dredge operation. O'Driscoll, 1988; Robjohns, 1990; Griffiths, 1992; Hedrick, 1996 beach sand Beach strandlines. Environmental legislation has curtailed mining activity in this region. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Lat-long is for town of Fakiraghona. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Humphrey's Mining Co. (1979) Deposit exhausted. Roskill, 1988; Garnar, 1972 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Marine placer. O'Driscoll, 1988; Overstreet, 1967 Lat-long is for the town of Foulun. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Marine placer and high transgressive dunes. Anstett, 1986; Overstreet, 1967; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Page 114

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Fullerton Australia New South Wales 32-50S 151-47E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping Gingin Australia Western Australia 31-24S 115-56E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 10.02% HM Jackson and Christiansen, Gladstone Mainland Australia Queensland 23-50S 151-15E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping ama 4% HM ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Glogova-Sisesti District Romania 44-55N 22-58E Towner and others, Gold Coast Australia Queensland 28-00S 153-25E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping Gordon Australia Queensland Green Cove Springs USA Florida 29-52N 81-43W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 110.1 Mt @ 0.0073% mon or 0.0045% REO (1989) Jackson and Christiansen, Guarapari (Praia do Vaz, Vila Velha, Rastinga, Canto do Riacho, Praia de Diogo) Brazil Espírito Santo 20-48S 40-30W Azevedo Branco, Measured reserves- 818 t mon @ 60.04% REO (1986); 950 t mon (1987) Roskill, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Gympie Australia Queensland 26-11S 152-40E Rand McNally & Company, 1981 Haifengtao Taiwan 23-43N 120-09E NIMA, 2001 Haikang China Guangdong 20-56N 110-04E Haishanchow Taiwan 23-19N 120-06E NIMA, 2001 Ham Tan Vietnam Binh Thuan 10-42N 107-35E ESCAP, 1990 Hambantota Sri Lanka Hanstholm Denmark N. Jutland Page 115

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Fullerton Gingin Gladstone Mainland Glogova-Sisesti District Gold Coast Gordon Green Cove Springs Guarapari (Praia do Vaz, Vila Velha, Rastinga, Canto do Riacho, Praia de Diogo) Gympie Haifengtao Haikang Haishanchow Ham Tan Hambantota Hanstholm Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Current producer mon ilm, zir, rut Occurrence mon ilm, rut, zir, leu, kya qtz Quaternary mon Occurrence mon ilm, rut, gar, zir qtz, mica, fld Pliocene-Pleistocene Past byproduct producer mon Ti, Zr Pliocene-Pleistocene Closed 1999 mon Ti, Zr Pliocene-Pleistocene Active mine (1999); Past byproduct monazite producer mon ilm, rut, mag, leu, zir; minor gar epi, qtz, sta Pleistocene Current(?) Producer byproduct monazite mon ilm, zir, rut, mag qtz Quaternary Past byproduct producer mon Ti, Zr Pliocene-Pleistocene Occurrence mon zir, ilm, rut Producer byproduct monazite mon, xen ilm, zir, rut Occurrence mon zir, ilm, rut, mag qtz ?? mon, xen ilm, rut, zir, leu, ana Occurrence Occurrence mon ilm, rut, zir Page 116

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Fullerton Gingin Gladstone Mainland Glogova-Sisesti District Gold Coast Gordon Green Cove Springs Guarapari (Praia do Vaz, Vila Velha, Rastinga, Canto do Riacho, Praia de Diogo) Gympie Haifengtao Haikang Haishanchow Ham Tan Hambantota Hanstholm Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES Mineral Deposits Ltd. In Murray Basin. Hedrick, 1998 beach and dune sand Westralian Sands and Tioxide Australia (1988) Marine placer beach and dune sands. Gingin shoreline. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Roskill, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 beach sand 3 ancient beach formations on River Motru. Towner and others, 1988 Currumbin Minerals Pty. Ltd. (1989) Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 Consolidated Rutile Ltd. On North Stradbroke island between Tower Ride and South Hill. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Hedrick, 1995, 1996, 1999; Industrial Minerals, 1987b sand Westralian Sands (1999) Stopped producing mon in 1994. Anstett, 1986; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Towner, 1992; Towner and others, 1988; Hedrick, sediments of Grupo Barreiras and younger units Nuclebras de Monazita e Associados Ltda. (1989) Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Overstreet, 1967; Towner, 1992; Azevedo Branco, 1984 Currumbin Minerals Pty. Ltd. (1989) Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 Offshore sand bar, not now exposed. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 State-owned Deposit and processing plant. Deposits may be a mix of marine and river sands. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; ESCAP and ABMRGG, Offshore sand bar. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 beach and dune sand Coastal placer. 3 placers. O'Driscoll, 1996; ESCAP, 1990 ESCAP, 1989 Morstal Minerals Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 Page 117

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Harrington Australia New South Wales 31-52S 152-42E NIMA, 2001 Hawks Nest Australia New South Wales 32-40S 152-10E NIMA, 2001 Higgins Australia Western Australia 33-35S 115-36E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Hilton Head Island USA South Carolina 32-12N 80-44W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 759.3 Mt @ 0.008% mon (1983) Jackson and Christiansen, Hoanak (Nalbila) Bangladesh Moheshkhali Island 0.093 Mt @ 0.004% mon (1983) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Hokitika North New Zealand South Island Hokitika South New Zealand South Island Huong Dien Vietnam 16-39N 107-28E NIMA, 2001 Hunts Beach New Zealand South Island Hwajinpo South Korea 38-25N 128-30E ESCAP and ABMRGG, Indicated + Inferred-- 0.041 Mt zir + mon @ grade of 0.9% mon + zir ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Ibis-Alpha Australia Queensland Imuruan Bay Philippines Palawan Island 10-45N 119-20E ESCAP and ABMRGG, 0.05% all + mon + tit (1983) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Induruwa (Kaikawela and Polkotuwa Beaches) Sri Lanka 15-40% mon ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Inani Bangladesh 21-09N 92-04E NIMA, 2001 0.729 Mt @ 0.13% mon (1983) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Itapemirim (Boa Vista, Siri) Brazil Espírito Santo 21-10S 40-55W Azevedo Branco, Jangardup Australia Western Australia 34-22S 115-37E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 30 Mt @6.8% HM, 0.0466% mon, 0.0204 xen Jackson and Christiansen, Jurien Bay Australia Western Australia 30-19S 115-10E Towner, 1992 2 Mt @ 3% HM; 18.3 Mt mon ore @ 1% mon Roskill, 1988; 1989 Kabengelwa Congo (Zaire) 2100 t mon @ 2.8 kg mon/m3 O'Driscoll, 1988 Kaikawela Sri Lanka 6-22N 80-00E ESCAP, 1989 Kalutara Sri Lanka 6-35N 79-59E ESCAP and ABMRGG, Karamea North New Zealand South Island Karamea South New Zealand South Island Page 118

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Harrington Hawks Nest Higgins Hilton Head Island Hoanak (Nalbila) Hokitika North Hokitika South Huong Dien Hunts Beach Hwajinpo Ibis-Alpha Imuruan Bay Induruwa (Kaikawela and Polkotuwa Beaches) Inani Itapemirim (Boa Vista, Siri) Jangardup Jurien Bay Kabengelwa Kaikawela Kalutara Karamea North Karamea South Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Past producer mon Past byproduct producer mon Ti, zir Occurrence mon? ilm, zir Holocene Potential resource mon ilm, rut, zir, mag, gar qtz, cly, sta mon ilm, rut, mag, zir mon ilm, zir, Au mon ilm, zir, Au Occurrence mon ilm, zir, rut, mag mon ilm, zir mon ilm, zir In development (1998) mon ilm Occurrence all, mon tit, rut, zir, cas, mag, leu mon ilm, zir, gar mon ilm, zir, mag, rut, leu Producer byproduct monazite (1989) mon ilm, zir, Th Tertiary? Current HM producer; REE byproduct potential mon, xen ilm, zir, leu, rut, gar, kyn qtz Pleistocene-Recent Current producer mon ilm, rut, zir, leu, gar qtz Pleistocene Occurrence mon cas Small producer mon ilm, zir, bad Past pilot production mon zir, ilm, gar Occurrence mon ilm, zir Occurrence mon ilm, zir Page 119

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Harrington Hawks Nest Higgins Hilton Head Island Hoanak (Nalbila) Hokitika North Hokitika South Huong Dien Hunts Beach Hwajinpo Ibis-Alpha Imuruan Bay Induruwa (Kaikawela and Polkotuwa Beaches) Inani Itapemirim (Boa Vista, Siri) Jangardup Jurien Bay Kabengelwa Kaikawela Kalutara Karamea North Karamea South Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES Operations ceased in 1981 due to exhaustion of resources outside of National Park. Roskill, 1988 Mineral Deposits Ltd. Dry mill at Hawks Nest. Lat-long is for the town of Hawk's Nest. O'Driscoll, 1988 sand Planned as replacement for Waroona (Hamel). Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 dune and bech sand Mining unlikely, resort area. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 20 km N of Hue. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Zir-mon ratio is 4:1. Deposit is along the coast and believed to be a marine placer or a mix of marine and alluvial sands. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Consolidated Rutile Ltd. On North Stradbroke Island. Hedrick, 1998, 1999 NW Palawan Island. Deposit is not economic. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Colombo area. Mon believed derived from nearby pegmatite veins. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Neary and Highley, 1984; Overstreet, 1967 Lat-long is for the town of Inani. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Grupo Barreiras and younger sediments Nuclebras de Monazita e Associados Ltda. (1989) ThO2 content of mon 5-12%. In Sao Joao da Barra region. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Overstreet, 1967; Azevedo Branco, 1984 Cable Sands Ltd. (1988) Cable Sands Ltd.'s largest operation. Hedrick, 1995, 1998; Harben and Kuzvart, 1996; Griffiths, 1992; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Roskill, 1988 Munbinea shoreline. Heavy minerals are 0.7% mon. Anstett, 1986; O'Driscoll, 1988; Robjohns, 1990; Towner, 1992; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Societe Miniere et Inustrielle de Kivu Mon rich in Eu. O'Driscoll, 1988; Roskill, 1988 Sri Lanka Geological Survey Department South of Colombo. Beach sands locally contain ama 40% mon, average about 15%. Exploited since 1952. ESCAP, 1989 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Neary and Highley, 1984; Overstreet, 1967; ESCAP, 1989 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Page 120

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Ke Sung Vietnam Thua Thien-Hu 16-30N 107-35E ESCAP, 1990 Possible--603 t mon + xen ESCAP, 1990 Kelani River Sri Lanka 7-00N 79-50E ESCAP, 1989 Kembajan Indonesia Kalimantan (West) 0-33N 110-25E Kerr-McGee deposit USA 36-07N 88-11W Towner, 1992 King Sound Australia Western Australia 16-50S 123-25E NIMA, 2001 Kingscliff (Cudgen) Australia Queensland 28-16S NIMA, 2000 Kirra Australia Queensland 29-00S 153-32E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping Kokkilai Sri Lanka 8-59N 80-57E ESCAP and ABMRGG, Koombana Bay Australia Western Australia 33-19S 115-39E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping Kudiraimozhi (Kudraimouzi) India Tamil Nadu Indicated + Inferred-- 370 Mt @8.9% HM; 14. Mt HM Minerals Deposits Ltd. Website, 2001; Taylor, 1995 Kudremala Point (Kudremalai) Sri Lanka 8-58N 79-54E ESCAP, 1989 Kulwin (Koolwin) Australia Victoria 35-05S 142-45E 24 Mt @11.5% HM Mineral Deposits Ltd. Webpage, Feb., 2000 Kusipo South Korea 30-20N 126-30E ESCAP and ABMRGG, Measured-- 0.0025 Mt mon @ grade of 0.12% mon ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988/1976 Kutubdai Island Bangladesh Kutubdai Island 0.405 Mt @0.0015% mon (1983) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Kutubjum Bangladesh Moheshkhali Island 0.578 Mt @0.035% mon (1983) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Ky Khang Vietnam Ha Tinh 18-12N 106-05E ESCAP, 1990 Ky Ninh Vietnam Ha Tinh 18-00N 106-10E ESCAP, 1990 Long Hai Vietnam 10-25N 107-10E ESCAP, 1990 Ludlow Austrialia Page 121

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Ke Sung Kelani River Kembajan Kerr-McGee deposit King Sound Kingscliff (Cudgen) Kirra Kokkilai Koombana Bay Kudiraimozhi (Kudraimouzi) Kudremala Point (Kudremalai) Kulwin (Koolwin) Kusipo Kutubdai Island Kutubjum Ky Khang Ky Ninh Long Hai Ludlow Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Occurrence mon, xen ilm, zir Occurrence Occurrence mon Occurrence mon ilm, rut, zir qtz Late Cretaceous Prospect (1988) mon ilm, mag, leu, rut, zir Small producer (1988) mon Ti, Zr Pliocene-Pleistocene Small producer (1988) mon Ti, Zr Pliocene-Pleistocene mon ilm, rut, zir Past producer byproduct monazite xen ilm, zir, rut, leu Potential resource mon ilm, rut, zir, gar, sil, bad Occurrence HM Prospect Tertiary mon ilm, zir, mag mon ilm, zir, leu, rut mon ilm, zir, rut, leu, mag Small producer mon, xen ilm, zir Occurrence? mon, xen ilm, zir mon Occurrence mon Page 122

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Ke Sung Kelani River Kembajan Kerr-McGee deposit King Sound Kingscliff (Cudgen) Kirra Kokkilai Koombana Bay Kudiraimozhi (Kudraimouzi) Kudremala Point (Kudremalai) Kulwin (Koolwin) Kusipo Kutubdai Island Kutubjum Ky Khang Ky Ninh Long Hai Ludlow Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES beach and dune sand. Coastal placer. Part of Thuan An group of deposits. O'Driscoll, 1996; ESCAP, 1990 ESCAP, 1989 Skillen, 1996a sand of the McNairy Fm Marine placer. Towner, 1992; Towner and others, 1988 Perseverence Corp. Ltd. (1988) In Fitzroy and May River estuaries. Roskill, 1988 Currumbin Minerals (1988) Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Roskill, 1988 Currumbin Minerals (1988) Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Roskill, 1988 Deposit confined to the beach. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; ESCAP, 1989 Discovered 1949. Closed 1966. Part of Minniup shoreline beach and dune deposits. Near Bunbury. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Harben and Kuzvart, 1996 South of Mannar. ESCAP, 1989 Renison Goldfields In Murray Basin. Hedrick, 1999; Mineral Deposits Ltd., 2000, accessed at URL ://www.mineraldeposits.com.au/ in Feb., 50 km North of Mokpo. Deposit is along coast and believed to be a marine placer or a mix of marine and alluvial sands. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Coastal placer. 4 orebodies. O'Driscoll, 1996; ESCAP, 1990 dune sand Coastal placer. Part of Ky Anh-Cam Xuyen group of deposits. O'Driscoll, 1996; ESCAP, 1990 ESCAP, 1990 Westralian Sands Co. (1988) Roskill, 1988 Page 123

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Manavalakuruchi India Tamilnadu/ Kanyakumari 08-12N 77-20E Towner, 1992 103.7 Mt @ 2.5% mon or 1.37% REO (1989) Jackson and Christiansen, Massidon (Murray Basin) Australia New South Wales 33-05S 141-15E Mashabuto Congo (Zaire) Obaye 45 t mon @ 3 kg mon/m3 Roskill, 1988 Matara Sri Lanka 5-57N 80-32E ESCAP, 1989 Mataraca Brazil Paraiba 06-30S 35-00W Azevedo Branco, Matarbari Island Bangladesh Matarbari Island 21-42N 91-53E NIMA, 2001 0.069 Mt @ 0.029% mon (1983) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Maxville USA Florida 29-55N 81-45W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Mi Tho Vietnam Binh Dinh 13-45N 109-15E ESCAP, 1990 Possible-- 6574 t mon + xen ESCAP, 1990 Minninup Australia Western Australia 33-28S 115-34E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 8% HM Jackson and Christiansen, Moebase (Moebane) Mozambique Zambezia 17-01S 38-29E Premoli, 1994 1300 Mt @3.8% HM Hedrick, 1997 Moguiquel Mozambique Nampula 15-23S 40-16E Premoli, 1994 Mogwembo Sierra Leone Mokonui New Zealand South Island Momi River Indonesia Irian Jaya Moreton Island Australia Queensland 27-11S 153-24E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Mullaittivu Sri Lanka 9-15N 80-48E ESCAP and ABMRGG, Munmorah Australia New South Wales 33-12S 151-35E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 71.2 Mt @ 0.81% HM, 0.006% mon Jackson and Christiansen, Nabiac Australia New South Wales 32-00S 152-30E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 2 Mt @ 0.005% mon Jackson and Christiansen, Nanyang (Nangang) China Guangdong/Hainan Island Measured-- 8.2 Mm3 @0.79 kg mon/m3 (6500 t mon), 41.9 kg ilm/m3 (1982) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Nanshanhai China Guangdong 21-32N 111-37E NIMA, 2001 Page 124

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Manavalakuruchi Massidon (Murray Basin) Mashabuto Matara Mataraca Matarbari Island Maxville Mi Tho Minninup Moebase (Moebane) Moguiquel Mogwembo Mokonui Momi River Moreton Island Mullaittivu Munmorah Nabiac Nanyang (Nangang) Nanshanhai Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Producer byproduct monazite mon ilm, rut, zir, gar, sil, bad qtz Quaternary Potential resource Tertiary mon Occurrence mon ilm, zir, rut Prospect mon ilm, zir, rut, gar, tour qtz Pleistocene-Holocene mon ilm, zir, mag, leu, rut Occurrence mon ilm, zir qtz, sta Active Producer? mon, xen ilm, zir Producer (1988) mon, xen ilm, leu, zir qtz Quaternary mon ilm, rut mon ilm, rut Occurrence mon rut mon ilm, zir, Au xen, mon zir Past small producer mon ilm, rut, zir, leu qtz Quaternary mon ilm, rut, zir Past byproduct producer mon ilm, rut, zir qtz Late Tertiary Past byproduct producer mon ilm, rut, leu, zir, gar qtz Pleistocene Producer byproduct monazite mon, xen ilm, zir, rut qtz Cenozoic Producer byproduct monazite mon, xen ilm, zir, rut qtz Cenozoic Page 125

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Manavalakuruchi Massidon (Murray Basin) Mashabuto Matara Mataraca Matarbari Island Maxville Mi Tho Minninup Moebase (Moebane) Moguiquel Mogwembo Mokonui Momi River Moreton Island Mullaittivu Munmorah Nabiac Nanyang (Nangang) Nanshanhai Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES Indian Rare Earths Ltd. Byproduct of Ti mining. Mon discovered in 1909 and first worked in 1911. Anstett, 1986; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; O'Driscoll, 1988; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Neary and Highley, 1984; Towner, 1992; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Fine-grained off-shore deposit. Mineral Deposits Ltd., 2000, accessed at URL ://www.mineraldeposits.com.au/ in Feb., 2000 Roskill, 1988 ESCAP, 1989 sediments Marine placer. Towner, 1992; Towner and others, 1988; Azevedo Branco, 1984 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 sand Extension of Green Cove Springs deposit. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Coastal placer. In Cat Khanh area. O'Driscoll, 1996; ESCAP, 1990 beach and dune sand Cable Sands Ltd. (1988) Marine placer beach and dune deposits. Part of Minniup shoreline. South of Bundury. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Roskill, 1988 Genbique (1996) Marine + eolian placers. 2 Mt of black sands reported to grade 78% ilm, 2% rute, 13% zir, 5% mon (de Kun, 1987). Hedrick, 1997; Premoli, 1994; de Kun, 1987 Marine + eolian placers. Premoli, 1994 Sierra Rutile (1988) Roskill, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 High radioactivity. Skillen, 1996a; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 beach and dune sand AMC (1988) Marine placer, dunes. Shut down by the government. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; ESCAP and ABMRGG, ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; ESCAP, 1989 sand Marine placer. Anstett, 1986; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 sand RZ Mines Pty. Ltd. (1989) Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 State-owned Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Towner, 1992; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Lat-long is for the town of Nanshanhai. Wen Lu, 1998; Towner, 1992; Roskill, 1988 Page 126

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Narngula (Geraldton) Australia Western Australia Naracoopa Australia Tasmania 39-55S 144-06E NIMA, 2001 25 Mt @ 5.2% HM (1989) Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 Natchez Trace deposit USA Tennessee 35-50N 88-12W Towner, 1992 Nayaru Sri Lanka 9-08N 80-53E ESCAP, 1989 Newcastle Australia New South Wales 32-55S 151-45E NIMA, 2000 Newrybar Australia New South Wales 28-46S 153-34E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 22 Mt @ 1.1% HM, 0.0418% mon (1990) Jackson and Christiansen, Nha Trang Vietnam Nijhum Dwip Bangladesh 0.379 Mt @ 0.005% mon (1983) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Nile Delta / Rosetta Egypt 31-00N 31-00E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Reserves-- 4.6 Mt, Resource- -40. Mt, Estimate-- contains 0.18 Mt mon; 44.4 Mt @ 0.5% mon (1989) Roskill, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 North Camden (KerrMcGee deposit) USA Tennessee 36-07N 88-11W USGS, 2000, MRDS database North Stradbroke Island - Dunwich Australia Queensland 1.5 % HM (0.0015% mon) Jackson and Christiansen, North Stradbroke Australia Queensland 27-35S 153-27E Towner, 1992 1.5 % HM (0.0015% mon) Jackson and Christiansen, North Stradbroke - Yarraman Australia Queensland 27-35S 153-27E Towner, 1992 311 Mt; 0.0015% mon (1.5 % HM) 1998; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 North Waroona (North Watoona) Australia Western Australia Northeast Dunes Brazil 145 Mt @0.033% mon (1990) Jackson and Christiansen, Okarito - Five Mile Beach New Zealand South Island Old Hickory (Stony Creek) USA Virginia 34-12-21N 105-43-47W USGS, 2000, MRDS database 210 Mt @ 6.5% HM; Reserves--73 Mt @ 8.1% HM, proven-- 27 Mt @ 10.2% HM ??; Skillen, 1996b Palghat India Kerala/ Palghat Panirchara Bangladesh Moheshkhali Island 1.595 Mt @ 0.033% mon (1983) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Page 127

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Narngula (Geraldton) Naracoopa Natchez Trace deposit Nayaru Newcastle Newrybar Nha Trang Nijhum Dwip Nile Delta / Rosetta North Camden (KerrMcGee deposit) North Stradbroke Island - Dunwich North Stradbroke North Stradbroke - Yarraman North Waroona (North Watoona) Northeast Dunes Okarito - Five Mile Beach Old Hickory (Stony Creek) Palghat Panirchara Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Producer byproduct monazite mon ilm, zir mon ilm, zir, other? Occurrence mon ilm, rut, zir, kya qtz LCretaceous Occurrence mon ilm, rut, zir Current Producer mon mon ilm, rut, zir, gar tour, qtz Quaternary cas, wlf mon ilm, mag, zir, rut Small past producer? mon ilm, rut, zir, mag, gar qtz Pliocene Occurrence mon ilm, rut, zir qtz Late Cretaceous Past byproduct producer mon Ti, Zr Pliocene-Pleistocene Past producer byproduct monazite mon ilm, rut, zir qtz Pliocene-Pleistocene Past producer (1966-1972); planned future prod mon ilm, zir, rut qtz Late Tertiary-Quaternary Prospects mon ilm, rut, zir qtz mon ilm, zir, Au Active Mine (1999), no REE prod mon? ilm, zir Occurrence mon zir mon ilm, zir, rut, leu, mag Page 128

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Narngula (Geraldton) Naracoopa Natchez Trace deposit Nayaru Newcastle Newrybar Nha Trang Nijhum Dwip Nile Delta / Rosetta North Camden (KerrMcGee deposit) North Stradbroke Island - Dunwich North Stradbroke North Stradbroke - Yarraman North Waroona (North Watoona) Northeast Dunes Okarito - Five Mile Beach Old Hickory (Stony Creek) Palghat Panirchara Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES Westralian Sands (1999) Dry mill at this site. Harben and Kuzvart, 1996; Industrial Minerals, 1979; Griffiths, 1992 On King Island between Victoria and Tasmania in the Bass Strait. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 sand of the McNairy Fm Marine placer. Towner, 1992; Towner and others, 1988 ESCAP, 1989 RZM Pty. Ltd. Hedrick, 1999; Roskill, 1988 dune and beach sand Marine placer. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 sand Marine placer. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Roskill, 1988; El Gemmizi, 1985 McNairy Sand-- shorelinecomplex sand Kerr-McGee (1971) Wilcox, 1971 Consolidate Rutile Ltd. (1989) Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 beach and dune sand Consolidate Rutile Ltd. (1993) Beach and dune deposits. Past producer of byproduct mon. Anstett, 1986; Hedrick, 1998; Overstreet, 1967; Roskill, 1988; Griffiths, 1992 Westralian Sands (1999) Beach and dune deposits, 4 km South of Point Lookout on NE part of island. First prod planned for 1999. Deposit is low grade with areas that contain up to 10% fines. Anstett, 1986; Hedrick, 1987; Overstreet, 1967; Griffiths, 1992; Industrial Minerals, 1987b Cable Sands Pty. Ltd. (1988) Harben and Bates, 1990; Roskill, 1988 dune sand Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Westralian Sands (1999) Mine had startup problems with mining and in the separation plant. Industrial Minerals, 1989b; Pearson, 1999; Hedrick, ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Page 129

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Paranagua Brazil Parana Measured reserves-- 55 t mon grading 1.81% REO (1985) Roskill, 1988 Pebane district Madagascar 17-09S 37-50E Premoli, 1994 Peitungshanchow Taiwan 5 Mm3 @ 12.6% mon, 25.9% zir, 22.7% ilm, 2.3% rut (1968) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Phan Thiet Vietnam 10-38N 108-05E ESCAP, 1990 Phuket Thailand Pi-In South Korea Pinkenba Australia Queensland 27-26S 153-07E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping Pitinga Brazil Amazonas Polkotuwa Sri Lanka 6-29N 79-59E NIMA, 2001 Port Clinton Australia 120 Mt @ 3% HM Hedrick, 1993 Porto Seguro District Brazil Bahia 16-26S 39-05W Prachuap Khiri Khan (Prajuab Kirikhan, Prachuab Kiri Khan) Thailand 11-49N 99-49E Prado area Brazil Bahia 17-24S 39-12W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Measured reserves-- 4564 t mon grading 19.98% REO Roskill, 1988/1985 Prowse Australia Western Australia Pudavakattu Sri Lanka 8-53N 81-05E ESCAP, 1989 Page 130

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Paranagua Pebane district Peitungshanchow Phan Thiet Phuket Pi-In Pinkenba Pitinga Polkotuwa Port Clinton Porto Seguro District Prachuap Khiri Khan (Prajuab Kirikhan, Prachuab Kiri Khan) Prado area Prowse Pudavakattu Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy mon Producer byproduct monazite mon ilm, zir, rut qtz Quaternary Occurrence mon zir, ilm, rut, mag qtz Byproduct producer (1988) mon, xen cas Past producer (1988) mon Past byproduct producer mon Ti, Zr Pliocene-Pleistocene mon, xen cas, Zr, Ta, Nb Small producer mon ilm, zir, bad Past byproduct producer, Current? mon ilm, zir qtz Intermittent byproduct producer mon, xen zir, ilm, rut, leu, col/tan Past byproduct producer, Current? mon, xen, all ilm, zir, spinel, gar, thor qtz, sta, kya Recent Past producer mon Occurrence mon ilm, rut, zir Page 131

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Paranagua Pebane district Peitungshanchow Phan Thiet Phuket Pi-In Pinkenba Pitinga Polkotuwa Port Clinton Porto Seguro District Prachuap Khiri Khan (Prajuab Kirikhan, Prachuab Kiri Khan) Prado area Prowse Pudavakattu Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES Roskill, 1988/1985 beach sand Marine placer containing 70-85% heavy minerals. Coakley and others, 1991; Towner, 1992; Towner and others, 1988; Premoli, 1994; de Kun, 1987 Offshore sand bar. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Hedrick and Templeton, 1990 Roskill, 1988 Consolidate Rutile Ltd. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 Paranapanema Mineracao (1988) Roskill, 1988 beach sand Sri Lanka Geological Survey Department South of Colombo. Beach sands locally contain ama 40% mon, average about 15%. Exploited since 1952. ESCAP, 1989 Within Shoalwater Military Training Area. Hedrick, 1993 Nuclebras de Monazita e Associados Ltda. (1989) Mon contains 1 to >9% ThO2. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Overstreet, 1967 Sakorn Minerals Co. Ltd. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Skillen, 1992; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 beach sand Nuclebras de Monazita e Associados Ltda. (1989) USGS Mineral Resources Data System record by Page gives location as 18-46-55S, 40-2253W. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Overstreet, 1967; Azevedo Branco, 1984; Leonardos, 1974 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Deposit relatively low grade. ESCAP, 1989 Page 132

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Pulmoddai Sri Lanka 08-57N 80-57E Towner, 1992 6 Mt @ 0.3% mon; Proven-- 4.0 Mt @ 0.24% mon, 56% ilm, 6.4-8% zir, 6.4% rut; 1.593 Mt @ 0.15% mon or 0.082% REO (1989) Jayawardena, 1986b; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Puri India Orissa/ Puri 19-45N 85-25E ESCAP and ABMRGG, Putaichow Taiwan 0.2 Mm3 @ 13.5% mon, 25.0% zir, 22.0% ilm, 2.5% rut ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988/1968 Quang Ngan Vietnam Thua Thien-Hu 16-38N 107-25E ESCAP, 1990 3261 t of mon + xen ESCAP, 1990 Quelemane Mozambique Zambezia 17-53S 36-51E 520 Mt @ 4.5% heavy minerals Hedrick, 1997 Qui Nhon (includes Hoi Loch, Bai Bang, Vinh Cuu, Bo Ngua) Vietnam Rainbow Beach Australia Queensland 25-54S 153-05E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping Ranong Thailand Richards Bay South Africa Natal 28-42S 32-10E Coakley and others, >700 Mt sand; 4980 Mt @ 0.023% mon or 0.013% REO (1989) Roskill, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Ross New Zealand South Island Sai-Lao (Quoinghi) China Guangdong/Hainan Island 19-15N 110-36E Towner, 1992 170. (ind. res); Measured-- 2539 t mon, 0.74 Mt ilm, 0.067 Mt zir (1982) ; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Saltwater Lagoon New Zealand South Island Sandalwood Australia Western Australia 34-57S 140-08E NIMA, 2000 Sao Joao de Barra (Barra Sao Joao) Brazil Rio de Janeiro 21-23S 41-03W Azevedo Branco, Measured reserves-- 8177 t mon grading 59.99% REO Roskill, 1988/1985 Sao Mateus Brazil Espírito Santo 19-38S 40-53W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Page 133

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Pulmoddai Puri Putaichow Quang Ngan Quelemane Qui Nhon (includes Hoi Loch, Bai Bang, Vinh Cuu, Bo Ngua) Rainbow Beach Ranong Richards Bay Ross Sai-Lao (Quoinghi) Saltwater Lagoon Sandalwood Sao Joao de Barra (Barra Sao Joao) Sao Mateus Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Byproduct producer mon ilm, rut, zir, sil, gar, mag, tour qtz, shell fragments Quaternary mon ilm Occurrence mon zir, ilm, rut, mag qtz Occurrence mon, xen ilm, zir Occurrence? mon; minor lop, sam rut, zir, col Past byproduct producer mon Ti, Zr Pliocene-Pleistocene Byproduct producer (1988) mon, xen cas Byproduct producer mon ilm, rut, zir, mag, leu, gar qtz Pleistocene mon ilm, zir, Au Producer byproduct mon mon ilm, zir, rut, ana, cas, mag, chr qtz, tour Cenozoic mon ilm, zir, Au Current HM producer; REE byproduct potential mon ilm, zir Pleistocene-Recent Producer byproduct mon? mon ilm, zir Tertiary?, Quaternary Occurrence mon Quaternary Page 134

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Pulmoddai Puri Putaichow Quang Ngan Quelemane Qui Nhon (includes Hoi Loch, Bai Bang, Vinh Cuu, Bo Ngua) Rainbow Beach Ranong Richards Bay Ross Sai-Lao (Quoinghi) Saltwater Lagoon Sandalwood Sao Joao de Barra (Barra Sao Joao) Sao Mateus Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES beach sand Ceylon Mineral Sands Corp. Byproduct of Ti mining. Old beach deposit (1.2 m above sea level) and Modern beach. Deposit replenished by annual monsoon. Anstett, 1986; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Overstreet, 1967; Skillen, 1992; Harben and Kuzvart, 1996; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Harben, 1991; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Jayawardena, 1986a, b ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Offshore sand bar. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 eolian dunes and beach sand Part of Thuan An group of deposits. Coastal placer. O'Driscoll, 1996; ESCAP, 1990 Genbique (1996) Hedrick, 1997; Overstreet, 1967 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Currumbin Minerals Pty. Ltd. (1989) Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 Hedrick and Templeton, 1990 dune and beach sand Rio Tinto PLC/Billiton PLC (1999) Anstett, 1986; de Kun, 1987; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Skillen, 1995 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Guangdong Metallurgical Industries Bureau Marine placer. Deposit and processing plant. Deposit mined by commune farmers. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Towner, 1992; Towner and others, 1988; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Wu and others, 1996 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Cable Sands Ltd. First production- 1998. Hedrick, 1999 Grupo Barreiras and younger sediments-beach sand Nuclebras de Monazita e Associados Ltda. (1989) USGS Mineral Resources Data System record by Page gives location as 21-17-48S, 42-0350W. Leonardos, 1974; Overstreet, 1967; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Azevedo Branco, 1984 beach sand Leonardos, 1974 Page 135

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Se Petiba Brazil Rio de Janeiro 22-32S 44-46W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Serra (Jacareipe) Brazil Espírito Santo 20-10S 39-20W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 0.0436 Mt @ 0.80% mon Jackson and Christiansen, Shilkhali Bangladesh 2.757 Mt @ 0.14% mon (1983) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Singkep Indonesia Sumatra- Singkep Island (Pulau Singkep) 0-30S 104-25E Slupsk Poland Soledad USA California South Ham Tam Vietnam Binh Thuan Stockton (Stockton Bight) Australia New South Wales 32-50S 151-51E Towner, 1992 Stratham South Australiia Western Australia 33-28S 115-35E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping Subrang Bangladesh 0.348 Mt @ 0.59% mon (1983) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Takua Pa Thailand 8-53N 98-21E Teknaf Bangladesh 20-52N 92-18E NIMA, 2001 1.94 Mt @ 0.16% mon (1983) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Tingtouechow Taiwan 0.018 Mm3 @ 9.6% mon, 20.9% zir, 19.5% ilm, 5.2% rut (1968) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Tirrukkovil (Tirukkovil) Sri Lanka 7-07N 81-51E ESCAP and ABMRGG, Tolagnaro Madagascar 25-02S 47-00E NIMA, 2001 75 Mt @ 3.84% zir, 0.96% mon, 5.12% rut Mining Journal, 1989b Tomago (Newcastle, Clybucca) Australia New South Wales 32-48S 151-43E Towner, 1992 1.5-2.0% HM ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Toscanini Namibia 20-50S 13-25E NIMA, 2001 Trail Ridge (Highland Trail Ridge, Starke Trail Ridge) USA Florida 30-02N 82-02W Towner, 1992 ~0.001% mon Mertie, 1975 Page 136

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Se Petiba Serra (Jacareipe) Shilkhali Singkep Slupsk Soledad South Ham Tam Stockton (Stockton Bight) Stratham South Subrang Takua Pa Teknaf Tingtouechow Tirrukkovil (Tirukkovil) Tolagnaro Tomago (Newcastle, Clybucca) Toscanini Trail Ridge (Highland Trail Ridge, Starke Trail Ridge) Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Occurrence mon Quaternary Occurrence mon ilm, zir, rut qtz Late Tertiary - Holocene mon ilm, zir, rut, leu, mag Past producer of by-product mon mon, xen, all cas, ilm, pyr, mar, hem, rut, zir, tour Occurrence mon ilm, zir, gar Unknown mon ilm, apa, mag, zir Occurrence mon, xen ilm, zir Current Producer but no mon production recently mon zir, rut, ilm, Th qtz Holocene Past producer mon mon ilm, leu, zir, rut, mag mon cas mon ilm, zir, leu, rut, mag mon zir, ilm, rut Occurrence mon zir, ilm, rut Under development (1989) mon zir, rut, ilm Past byproduct producer mon zir, rut, ilm, gar, Th qtz Pleistocene Occurrence mon Occurrence mon ilm, leu, rut, sta, zir, kya, sil qtz, tour, cor, gar, epi Pleistocene Page 137

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Se Petiba Serra (Jacareipe) Shilkhali Singkep Slupsk Soledad South Ham Tam Stockton (Stockton Bight) Stratham South Subrang Takua Pa Teknaf Tingtouechow Tirrukkovil (Tirukkovil) Tolagnaro Tomago (Newcastle, Clybucca) Toscanini Trail Ridge (Highland Trail Ridge, Starke Trail Ridge) Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES beach sand Leonardos, 1974 dune and beach sand Placers associated with veins, stockwork in gneiss. Anstett, 1986; Overstreet, 1967; Azevedo Branco, 1984; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 beach sand Tin producer. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Möller, 1989a; Overstreet, 1967; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 On Baltic Sea. Roskill, 1988 In Los Angeles County. Roskill, 1988 O'Driscoll, 1996; ESCAP, 1990 dune and beach sand Mineral Deposits Ltd. Marine placer. Dredge operation. Feeds Hawks Nest plant. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Lishmund and others, 1999; Griffiths, 1992; Towner, 1992 Loc for town of Stratham. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 Lat-long is for the town of Teknaf. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; ESCAP, 1989 Omnis (51%) and QITFer et Titane (49%) in 1989 A coastal lagoon, 8 km E of Tolagnaro. Latlong is for town of Tolagnaro. Mining Journal, 1989b dune and beach sand RZM Pty Ltd. Wind blown sand dunes and plains separated from the coast by a younger dune system. Dry mill at Tomago. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Lishmund and others, 1999; Towner, 1992; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 A 22 mile long mon-bearing placer occurs on the west coast adjacent to Skeleton Coast Park. McManus and Schneider, 1994; Murray, 1991 aeolian sand DuPont Marine placer. Loughbrough, 1992; Towner, 1992; Mertie, 1975 Page 138

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Trivandrum India Kerala 8-29N 76-55E NIMA, 2001 Tungshanchow Taiwan 23-34N 120-04E NIMA, 2001 8.85 Mm3 @ 11.8% mon, 18.0% zir, 16.5% ilm, 2.3% rut (1968) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Tutunup Austrialia Ussangoda Sri Lanka 6-46N 80-23E NIMA, 2001 Vero Beach USA Florida 0.2% mon Mertie, 1975 Viney Creek Australia New South Wales 32-37S 152-07E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 0.8% HM ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Vinh Cam Ranh Vietnam 11-53N 109-10E NIMA, 2001 Vinh Giat Vietnam Vinh Mi (Vinh My) Vietnam Thua Thien-Hu 16-20N 107-45E ESCAP, 1990 Possible reserves-- 2057 t of mon ESCAP, 1990 Vitoria District Brazil Bahia, Espirito Santo 18-22S 40-42W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Vohibarika area Madagascar 16-17S 48-59E NIMA, 2001 Vung Tau Vietnam Waisantingchow Taiwan 3.04 Mm3 @11.2% mon, 18.9% ilm, 16.7% zir, 1.8% rut (1968) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Wangtzeliaochow Taiwan 0.55 Mm3 @ 10.9% mon, 22.8% zir, 21.4% ilm, 3.1% rut (1968) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Wangyehchow Taiwan 0.96 Mm3 @ 12.1% mon, 24.4% zir, 23.1% ilm, 5.0% rut (1968) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Waroona (Hamel) Australia Western Australia 32-50S 115-55E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Proven-- 0.655 Mt @ 0.35% mon O'Driscoll, 1988 Waroona (Hamel) Australia Western Australia 32-51S 115-55E Towner, 1992 15% HM Jackson and Christiansen, Waroona (Hamel) Australia Western Australia Waroona (Hamel) Australia Western Australia 5 Mt @14.2% HM Roskill, 1988 Page 139

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Trivandrum Tungshanchow Tutunup Ussangoda Vero Beach Viney Creek Vinh Cam Ranh Vinh Giat Vinh Mi (Vinh My) Vitoria District Vohibarika area Vung Tau Waisantingchow Wangtzeliaochow Wangyehchow Waroona (Hamel) Waroona (Hamel) Waroona (Hamel) Waroona (Hamel) Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Occurrence mon mon zir, ilm, rut, mag qtz Occurrence mon Past small producer byproduct mon mon, xen ilm, rut, zir sta, kya, tour, epi, gar Current Producer but no mon prod recently mon zir, rut, ilm qtz Quaternary mon ilm, zir, rut, mag qtz mon ilm, zir, mag, rut qtz Occurrence mon, xen ilm, zir, rut Active producer (1985) mon ilm, zir, rut, mag qtz Quaternary Past producer mon mon ilm, zir, mag, rut qtz Occurrence mon ilm, zir, rut, mag qtz Occurrence mon zir, ilm, rut, mag qtz Occurrence mon zir, ilm, rut, mag qtz Closed 1997 mon, xen ilm, zir, rut, leu qtz, sta, kya Pleistocene-Recent Closed 1992? mon ilm, zir, leu Late Tertiary-Pleistocene Closed 1997 mon, xen? ilm, zir, leu Past byproduct producer mon ilm, leu, rut, zir Page 140

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Trivandrum Tungshanchow Tutunup Ussangoda Vero Beach Viney Creek Vinh Cam Ranh Vinh Giat Vinh Mi (Vinh My) Vitoria District Vohibarika area Vung Tau Waisantingchow Wangtzeliaochow Wangyehchow Waroona (Hamel) Waroona (Hamel) Waroona (Hamel) Waroona (Hamel) Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Offshore sand bar. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Westralian Sands Co. (1988) Roskill, 1988 ESCAP, 1989 Riz Mineral Co. (1945) Mertie, 1975; Garnar, 1972 beach sand Mineral Deposits Ltd. Marine placer. Dredge operation. In Murray Basin. Feeds Hawks Nest plant. Hedrick, 1998; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Lishmund and others, 1999; Griffiths, 1992 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 beach sand Coastal placer. Part of Thuan An group of deposits. Average deposit thickness 1.6 m. O'Driscoll, 1996; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; ESCAP, beach sand Nuclebras de Monazita e Associados (Nuclemon) Harben, 1984; Leonardos, 1974 Neary and Highley, 1984 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Offshore sand bar. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Offshore sand bar. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Offshore sand bar. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 dune and beach sand Westralian Sands Ltd. Dry mining operation. Waroona shoreline. Deposit contains ama 20% clay. North of Bunbury. O'Driscoll, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Griffiths, 1992 ISK Minerals Pty Ltd. 112 km S of Perth. Griffiths, 1992; Loughbrough, 1992 Cable Sands Ltd. (1988) Dry mining operation. Waroona shoreline. Deposit contains ama 20% clay. North of Bunbury. Loughbrough, 1992; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Hedrick, 1998 dune and beach sand Ravensthorpe Mining and Investment (1988) Heavy minerals are 0.35% mon. South operations replaced north operations in Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Roskill, 1988 Page 141

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Wemen Australia New South Wales 34-55S 142-45E 20 Mt @ 3.7% HM Mineral Deposits Ltd. Webpage, Feb., 2000 Westport (includes Nine Mile Beach, Carters Beach) New Zealand South Island 41-06S 171-24E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Williamstown Australia New South Wales 2% HM ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 WIM 150 (Drung South, CRA, Horsham) Australia Victoria 36-43S 142-12E Towner, 1992 0.75 Mt mon + xen; 750 Mt @ 4% HM; 2475 Mt @ 0.138% mon (1990); resource-- 4900 Mt @ >2.8% HM (mon is 1.4% of HM, xeno is 0.4% of HM); Proven-- >1000. Mt @ >3% HM, Proven-- 0.58 Mt mon, 0.17 Mt xen 1990; 2000; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Castor, 1994/1990; Roskill, 1988 Wonnerup Australia Western Australia 33-37S 115-25E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Wonnerup Beach Australia Western Australia 33-37S 115-25E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Woornack Australia Victoria Wuzhaung (Baoding) China Guangdong/Hainan Island 18-43N 110-22E Towner, 1992 Measured-- 9 Mm3 @ 1.03 kg mon/m3 (9253 t mon), 15.36 kg ilm/m3, 3.0 kg zir/m3 (1982) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Xinglong China Guangdong/Hainan Island Xitou China Guangdong Yangjiang (Nanshanhai) China Guangdong 21-51N 11-56E Yarloop Australia Western Australia 32-58S 115-54E NIMA, 2000 Yarraman Australia Queensland Yoganup (Yoganup Central) Australia Western Australia 33-39S 115-33E NIMA, 2000 12-15% HM ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Page 142

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Wemen Westport (includes Nine Mile Beach, Carters Beach) Williamstown WIM 150 (Drung South, CRA, Horsham) Wonnerup Wonnerup Beach Woornack Wuzhaung (Baoding) Xinglong Xitou Yangjiang (Nanshanhai) Yarloop Yarraman Yoganup (Yoganup Central) Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Active (2001) ilm, zir, rut Tertiary Prospect mon ilm, gar, zir, mag, U-thor, Au, rut, cas qtz, fld Quaternary Prospect rut, ilm, zir Potential resource mon, xen zir, ilm, rut, leu, ana qtz Early Pleistocene mon, xen ilm, zir, rut, leu, gar qtz Holocene Past producer mon ilm, zir Potential resource mon ilm, zir Producer byproduct monazite mon ilm, zir, rut, ana, cas, mag, chr qtz, tour Cenozoic Producer byproduct monazite mon ilm, zir, rut, ana, cas, mag, chr qtz, tour Producer byproduct monazite mon ilm, zir, rut Producer byproduct monazite mon, xen ilm, zir, rut Current Producer mon ilm, zir Pleistocene-Recent Current Producer? mon Current Producer? mon, xen ilm, leu, zir, rut Pleistocene-Recent Page 143

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Wemen Westport (includes Nine Mile Beach, Carters Beach) Williamstown WIM 150 (Drung South, CRA, Horsham) Wonnerup Wonnerup Beach Woornack Wuzhaung (Baoding) Xinglong Xitou Yangjiang (Nanshanhai) Yarloop Yarraman Yoganup (Yoganup Central) Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES RZM Pty. Ltd. In Murray Basin. Coarse-grained beach placer. Hedrick, 1999; Lishmund and others, 1999; Mineral Deposits Ltd., 2000, accessed at URL ://www.mineraldeposits.com.au/ in Feb., 2000 sand of the Nine Mile Fm Austpac Titanium Ltd. Marine placer. McPherson, 1978; Towner, 1992; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Christie and others, 2000; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Mineral Deposits Ltd. (1977) Parabolic dunes. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 CRA (1988) In Murray Basin. Fine-grained off-shore deposit. Fine-grained nature of the sands (≤50 microns) has prevented development. Deposit contains 100,000 t Y2O3. Castor, 1994; Garnar and Stanaway, 1994; McIntyre, 1990; Robjohns, 1990; Griffiths, 1992; Towner, 1992; Roskill, 1988; Mineral Deposits Ltd., 2000, accessed at URL ://www.mineraldeposits.com.au/ in Feb., 2000 dune and beach sand Beach resources depleted, mining dunes in 1993. Disc 1959. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Closed 1967. Beach and dune deposits of Minniup shoreline. Near Busselton. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 RGC Ltd. (1999) Hedrick, 1999 Guangdong Metallurgical Industries Bureau (199?) Marine placer. Deposit and processing plant. Deposit mined by commune farmers. Tailings discarded in ocean. Mon contains 56% ThO2 and 51% REO. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Towner and others, 1988; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Guangdong Metallurgical Industries Bureau (199?) Deposit and processing plant. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; ESCAP and ABMRGG, State-owned Deposit and processing plant. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; ESCAP and ABMRGG, State-owned Deposit and processing plant. Probably mixed beach and river placers on coastal plain. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; ESCAP and ABMRGG, Cable Sands Ltd. (1997) 55 km N of Bunbury. Same as Bunbury deposit? Hedrick, 1998, 1999; Roskill, 1988 Consolidated Rutile Ltd. On North Stradbroke Island. Hedrick, 1999 Westralian Sands (1999) Discovered 1954. Mon richest at base of deposit and increases westward. Yoganup shoreline. Fetherston and others, 1997; ESCAP and ABMRGG, Page 144

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Yoganup Extended Australia Western Australia 33-36S 115-40E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 >40 Mt ore; 13.% HM; 0.056% mon 1988 (ore); Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Yoganup North (Boyanup) Australia Western Australia 33-29S 115-44E Towner, 1992 12-15% HM ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Yulee USA Ga or Fl Zhanjiang district China Guangdong 21-12N 110-28E Towner and others, Measured-- 3.0 Mt; Indicated- - 7.0 Mt ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 PLACER, Alluvial Atlantida Uruguay 35-12S 55-48W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 3.2% mon Ban Yun Thailand Phuket 0.2% Y2O3, 0.004% mon (1971) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Bang Lin Thailand Rayong Batang Berjuntai area Malaysia Selangor 03-20N 101-30E ESCAP and ABMRGG, Batang Padang Malaysia Selangor Bates Hole area USA Wyoming/Carbon County Bear Valley USA Idaho/Valley County 44-21N 115-24W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Total production of 10,000 t REO; 109.9 Mt @ 0.0155% mon or 0.010% REO (1982) Castor, 1994; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Beihei District China Guangxi 21-29N 109-05E Bidor Malaya Mine Malaysia Big Creek USA Idaho/Valley County 44-28N 115-59W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 10,000 mt REO; 116.1 Mt @ 0.04% mon (1982) ; Jackson and Christiansen, Carolina monazite belt USA Chamberlin District USA Idaho 45-19N 115-07W USGS, 2000, MRDS database 0.64 Myd3- Moose Meadows; 3.84 Myd3- Root Ranch Cater and others, 1973 Page 145

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Yoganup Extended Yoganup North (Boyanup) Yulee Zhanjiang district PLACER, Alluvial Atlantida Ban Yun Bang Lin Batang Berjuntai area Batang Padang Bates Hole area Bear Valley Beihei District Bidor Malaya Mine Big Creek Carolina monazite belt Chamberlin District Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Past byproduct producer mon ilm, leu, zir, rut qtz Early Pleistocene Past byproduct producer; Closed 1998 mon ilm, zir, leu, rut qtz Early Pleistocene Producer byproduct monazite mon, xen ilm, zir, rut qtz Cenozoic mon mon cas, ilm, zir qtz mon cas, Th Producer byproduct mon/xen mon, xen cas, ilm, zir, rut Quaternary Producer byproduct mon/xen mon, xen cas, ilm, zir, rut Quaternary Occurrence mon thor?, zir Quaternary Small past producer mon; minor lop, xen, ferg ilm, mag, gar; minor zir, sam, col qtz Pleistocene mon ilm, rut, zir Producer mon Past producer mon, Y-lop, Y-eux ilm, gar, mag; minor zir qtz Pleistocene mon, xen Occurrence all zir, cin, ilm, mag Quaternary Page 146

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Yoganup Extended Yoganup North (Boyanup) Yulee Zhanjiang district PLACER, Alluvial Atlantida Ban Yun Bang Lin Batang Berjuntai area Batang Padang Bates Hole area Bear Valley Beihei District Bidor Malaya Mine Big Creek Carolina monazite belt Chamberlin District Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES sand and clay of Yoganup Fm Westralian Sands (1999) Yoganup shoreline. Feeds North Capel plant. Anstett, 1986; Collins and Baxter, 1984; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Hedrick, 1995, 1996; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Roskill, 1988 sand and clay of Yoganup Fm Westralian Sands (1999) Yoganup shoreline. Hedrick, 1999; O'Driscoll, 1988; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Cocker, 1998 State-owned Deposit and processing plant. Mixed beach and river placers on coastal plain. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Towner and others, 1988; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 sand Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Mon has a high Th content. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Towner and others, 1988; Towner, 1992; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 Towner and others, 1988; Towner, 1992; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 sandstone and conglomerate of the Wind River and White River , recent placers High radioactivity. King, 1991 fluvial sands, gravel Includes Porter placer. Anstett, 1986; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Castor, 1994; Overstreet, 1967; Schmidt and Mackin, Mixed river and marine placers along coastline. Lat-long is for town of Beihei along coast, but may not be in correct province. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Towner and others, J. Hedrick, 2002, written commun. fluvial sands Anstett, 1986; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Castor, 1994; Overstreet, 1967 Castor, 1994 alluvium Cater and others, 1973 Page 147

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Chao Fa Mine Thailand Phuket Chumphon Thailand Chumphon 0.05% mon (1971) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Circle USA Alaska 65-30N 144-45W Nokleberg and others, Dianbai China Guangdong 21-33N 111-16E El Dorado Creek area USA AK 65-56N 166-12W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Fortymile USA Alaska 64-20N 142-00W Nokleberg and others, Gambang area Malaysia Pahang Gold Fork-Little Valley USA Idaho/Valley County 44-41N 115-58W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 296 Mt @ 0.016% mon or 0.0098% REO (1981) Jackson and Christiansen, Heinze Basin Myanmar Thanintharyi 14-36N 98-03E ESCAP, 1998 Horse Creek (Aiken County) USA South Carolina 33-30N 81-54W USGS, 2000, MRDS database 19 Mt @ 0.041% mon or 0.026% REO (1983) Jackson and Christiansen, Hot Springs USA Alaska 65-10N 151-00W Nokleberg and others, Iditarod USA Alaska 62-30N 158-30W Nokleberg and others, Janghowon South Korea 37-10N 127-30E ESCAP and ABMRGG, 0.017 Mt mon @ grade of 0.07% mon (1968) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Jos Plateau Nigeria 09-30N 08-00E Kanbauk Myanmar Thanintharyi 14-36N 98-03E ESCAP, 1998 Kinta Kellas Batu Gajah Mine Malaysia Perak Kinta Valley (Lahat) Malaysia Perak 04-30N 101-10E ESCAP and ABMRGG, Kluan Tong Mine Thailand Phuket Kuala Lumpur area Malaysia Selangor 03-00N 101-45E ESCAP and ABMRGG, Kuwn-Thong Thailand Phuket 0.03% mon (1971) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Page 148

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Chao Fa Mine Chumphon Circle Dianbai El Dorado Creek area Fortymile Gambang area Gold Fork-Little Valley Heinze Basin Horse Creek (Aiken County) Hot Springs Iditarod Janghowon Jos Plateau Kanbauk Kinta Kellas Batu Gajah Mine Kinta Valley (Lahat) Kluan Tong Mine Kuala Lumpur area Kuwn-Thong Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy mon cas, Th Producer byproduct mon/xen mon cas, ilm, zir Au, Sn, W mon, xen Ti, Zr mon, xen cas, sch, U-zir, flu, mag Au, Sn, Pb, W, Hg Producer byproduct mon/xen xen, mon cas, ilm, rut, zir Occurrence mon Au, ilm, zir, gar, mag; minor tit qtz Pleistocene Occurrence mon Past producer of monazite mon, xen ilm, rut, zir, Au, cor, mag, sta qtz, cly Cenozoic, Cretaceous Au, cas, chr Au, chr, sch, cas, apy, irut, cin mon zir xen, mon zir, Sn, Ta, Nb Occurrence mon zir Producer mon, xen Producer byproduct mon/xen mon, xen cas, ilm, zir, rut Quaternary Producer byproduct mon/xen mon cas, Th, U Producer byproduct mon/xen mon, xen cas, ilm, Au, zir, rut Quaternary mon cas, ilm, zir qtz Page 149

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Chao Fa Mine Chumphon Circle Dianbai El Dorado Creek area Fortymile Gambang area Gold Fork-Little Valley Heinze Basin Horse Creek (Aiken County) Hot Springs Iditarod Janghowon Jos Plateau Kanbauk Kinta Kellas Batu Gajah Mine Kinta Valley (Lahat) Kluan Tong Mine Kuala Lumpur area Kuwn-Thong Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES Mon in amang dumps contains ama 15.7% ThO2. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 alluvial, colluvial sediments Nokleberg and others, 1997 Deposit type classification in uncertain. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Towner and others, stream sediments Panned concentrate contained 0.029% Eu and 0.02% U. Killeen and Ordway, 1955 stream and bench sediments Nokleberg and others, 1997 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 fluvial sand Past gold placer producer. Anstett, 1986; Overstreet, 1967 aluvium ESCAP, 1998 fluvial sand, Tuscaloosa Fmt sediments Flood plain. Reconcentration of heavy minerals from Tuscaloosa Fmt. Includes Hollow (Holley) Creek and other drainages. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Cocker, 1998; Mertie, Buried bench gravels. Nokleberg and others, 1997 Nokleberg and others, 1997 60 km North of Chongju. Deposit is inland and believed to be composed of river sands. Deposit type classification is uncertain. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Placers derived from alkaline granites. Möller, 1989a; de Kun, 1987 Heavy mineral sands. ESCAP, 1998 J. Hedrick, 2002, written commun. Towner and others, 1988; Towner, 1992; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 Mon has high Th values and ama 4.08% U3O8. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Towner and others, 1988; Towner, 1992; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Page 150

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Kwangsangun South Korea 35-10N 126-50E ESCAP and ABMRGG, 0.048 Mt mon at grade of 0.05% mon (1968) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Kyan Chaung Myanmar Thanintharyi 13-30N 98-20E ESCAP, 1998 Lahat Mine Malaysia Perak Lamawpyin-Shwedu Chaung Myanmar Mergui district Layan Thailand Phuket 2.2% Y2O3, 0.36% mon (1971) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Long Valley Idaho Total production-- 6427 t mon Roskill, 1988 Madianhe China Guangdong/Dianbai 21-33N 111-16E Main Khao Thailand Phuket 0.11% Y2O3, 0.007% mon (1971) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Mageng (Magang) China Hubei/ Tongcheng Marion USA North Carolina McGrath USA Alaska 62-45N 155-00W Nokleberg and others, Mit-Thawi Thailand Phang-nga 0.12% mon (1971) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Momi River Indonesia Irian Jaya Mogok Myanmar Shan/Sagaing 22-54-30N 96-30E ESCAP, 1998 Mong Kung Myanmar Northern Shan 21-37N 97-31-30E ESCAP, 1998 Muong Hum Vietnam 0.4 Mt REO Dzien, 1990 Namdaecheon River (Muju area) South Korea 35-00N 126-40E ESCAP and ABMRGG, 0.028 Mt mon @ grade of 0.14% mon (1982) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Oak Grove USA Tennessee 36-23N 88-10W Towner, 1992 174.6 Mt @ 0.155% mon or 0.09% REO (1982) Jackson and Christiansen, Pearsol Creek USA Idaho 44-31N 116-05W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 172.5 Mt @ 0.0186% mon (1982) Jackson and Christiansen, Pitinga Brazil Amazonas 00-45S 60-07W Towner, 1992 Port Clarence USA Alaska 65-40N 166-30W Nokleberg and others, Qinzhou (Qinxian) China Guangxi 21-59N 108-36E Ramey Meadows USA Idaho 45-16N 115-11W USGS, 2000, MRDS database 1.7 Myd3 @ 13.5 lbs HM/yd3 Cater and others, 1973 Page 151

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Kwangsangun Kyan Chaung Lahat Mine Lamawpyin-Shwedu Chaung Layan Long Valley Madianhe Main Khao Mageng (Magang) Marion McGrath Mit-Thawi Momi River Mogok Mong Kung Muong Hum Namdaecheon River (Muju area) Oak Grove Pearsol Creek Pitinga Port Clarence Qinzhou (Qinxian) Ramey Meadows Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy mon zir Occurrence mon Occurrence mon, xen Occurrence mon Producer byproduct mon/xen mon cas, zir qtz Past producer mon ilm, gar, zir Producer byproduct mon/xen mon cas, ilm, zir qtz Occurrence? Past byproduct producer mon, xen Au, sand, gravel mon Au, cin, bis, chr, zir, mag, pyr, sch Producer byproduct mon/xen mon cas, ilm qtz Occurrence xen, mon zir Occurrence mon zir, uran, sam Occurrence mon col, cas, tan, mag all mon ilm, mag, zir, Au, col Occurrence mon ilm, rut, leu, zir, kya tour, qtz, sta Late Cretaceous ? mon ilm, mag, zir, gar qtz Potential. byproduct xen, Y-Nb mineralization cas, zir, pyro, col, tan mon, xen Au, cas, sch, cin, zir, col, tan, wlf Producer byproduct monazite mon ilm, zir Occurrence all mag, zir, ilm Quaternary Page 152

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Kwangsangun Kyan Chaung Lahat Mine Lamawpyin-Shwedu Chaung Layan Long Valley Madianhe Main Khao Mageng (Magang) Marion McGrath Mit-Thawi Momi River Mogok Mong Kung Muong Hum Namdaecheon River (Muju area) Oak Grove Pearsol Creek Pitinga Port Clarence Qinzhou (Qinxian) Ramey Meadows Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES 10 km N of Kwangju. Deposit is inland and believed to be composed of river sands. Deposit type classification uncertain. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 alluvium ESCAP, 1998 Beh Minerals J. Hedrick, 2002, written commun. stream sediments ESCAP, 1998 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Roskill, 1988 Wen Lu, 1998 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Wen Lu, 1998 Imperial Mining Co. (1990) Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Towner and others, Nokleberg and others, 1997 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Heavy mineral sands. ESCAP, 1998 river sand ESCAP, 1998 Dzien, 1990 Deposits are associated with the Namdaechon river. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 sand of the McNairy Fm Alluvial terrace. Anstett, 1986; Towner, 1992; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Mineraçao Taboca SA Greisenization of biotite granite produced primary mineralization. Weathered zone has associated placers. O'Driscoll, 1989; Towner, 1992 Nokleberg and others, 1997 State-owned Deposit with processing plant. Deposit type classification is uncertain. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; ESCAP and ABMRGG, alluvium Cater and others, 1973 Page 153

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Ranchi-Purulia India Bihar 23-25N 86-00E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 86.5 Mt @ 0.31% mon (1989) Jackson and Christiansen, Rio Tercero Argentina Cordoba 32-02S 64-12W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 31.7Mt @ 0.0173% mon Jackson and Christiansen, Ruby Meadows USA Alaska 64-25N 154-20W Nokleberg and others, Ruby Meadows USA Idaho/Valley County Sai-Chon Thailand Phuket 0.02% mon (1971) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Sakagyi Myanmar Sagaing 22-55-58N 96-13E ESCAP, 1998 Sao Gonçalo do Sapucai area Brazil Minas Gerais 21-56S 45-40W Azevedo Branco, 28M m3 with 0.05 t mon; 0.066% mon Mining Journal, 1990a; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Silica Mine USA Tennessee 36-02N 88-11W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 26.7 Mt @ 0.013% mon or 0.0079% REO (1989) Jackson and Christiansen, Sin-Krasom Thailand Phang-nga 0.02% mon (1971) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Soun-Miyang South Korea 36-55N 127-20E ESCAP and ABMRGG, 0.025 Mt mon @ grade of 0.07% mon (1968) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Southern Malayan Batu Gajah Mine Malaysia Perak Thawi-Thap Thailand Phang-nga 0.05% mon (1971) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Tolovana USA Alaska 65-30N 148-10W Nokleberg and others, Tronoh Mines Malaysia Perak Wan Hapalam Myanmar Shan 21-32N 97-18E ESCAP, 1998 Warm Spring Creek placers USA Wyoming/Fremont County Witchit Thailand Phuket 0.001% mon (1971) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Xintou China Guangdong Xun Jiang China Guangxi 23-30N 110-50E ESCAP and ABMRGG, 66.7 Mt @ 6% HM (1982) Jackson and Christiansen, Yadanabon Mine Myanmar Thanintharyi 11-17-05N 99-17E ESCAP, 1998 30% mon ESCAP, 1998 Yongsanpo South Korea 34-55N 126-40E ESCAP and ABMRGG, 0.02 Mt mon @ grade of 0.07% mon (1968) ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Yueyang China Hunan 29-23N 113-06E Zhanjiang China Guangdong 21-12N 110-28E Towner and others, Page 154

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Ranchi-Purulia Rio Tercero Ruby Meadows Ruby Meadows Sai-Chon Sakagyi Sao Gonçalo do Sapucai area Silica Mine Sin-Krasom Soun-Miyang Southern Malayan Batu Gajah Mine Thawi-Thap Tolovana Tronoh Mines Wan Hapalam Warm Spring Creek placers Witchit Xintou Xun Jiang Yadanabon Mine Yongsanpo Yueyang Zhanjiang Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Byproduct REE from Ti mining mon ilm, rut, zir, apa, col, mag qtz Occurrence mon Th Quaternary all Au, cas, sch, Pt, Bi mon Au, mag, gar, zir, ilm, crn mon cas, ilm, zir qtz Occurrence mon zir, U Under development (1989) mon ilm, Au, zir, gar Cenozoic Producer, but does not recover REO mon qtz, ilm, rut, leu, zir qtz Cretaceous mon cas, ilm qtz mon zir Producer mon Producer byproduct monazite mon cas, ilm, zir qtz mon Au, mag, PGE, ilm, chr, spinel, cin, sti, sch, cas Producer mon Occurrence mon gar, cas, hem, rut Occurrence mon Au Quaternary mon cas, ilm qtz mon, xen Ti, Zr Prospect (1993) mon ilm; minor rut, zir qtz Cenozoic wlf, Sn qtz mon zir Byproduct producer? mon mon, xen ilm, zir, rut qtz Cenozoic Page 155

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Ranchi-Purulia Rio Tercero Ruby Meadows Ruby Meadows Sai-Chon Sakagyi Sao Gonçalo do Sapucai area Silica Mine Sin-Krasom Soun-Miyang Southern Malayan Batu Gajah Mine Thawi-Thap Tolovana Tronoh Mines Wan Hapalam Warm Spring Creek placers Witchit Xintou Xun Jiang Yadanabon Mine Yongsanpo Yueyang Zhanjiang Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES sand Byproduct of Ti mining. Anstett, 1986; Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 fluvial sand Valley fill. Mon contains 60% REO and 3.8% ThO2. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Buried placer deposit. Nokleberg and others, 1997 Merlin Mining NL (1987) 7 claims near Burgdorf. Preliminary estimates indicate about 100 Mm3 with ama 0.16% Y and 0.85 g/t Ta. Industrial Minerals, 1987a ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 SA Mineracao da Trindade Heavy mineral sands in vicinity of pegmatite. ESCAP, 1998 fluvial sand SA Mineraçcao da Trinidade (Samitri, 1989) Sands contain 0.66% mon. Mining Journal, 1990; O'Driscoll, 1989; Azevedo Branco, 1984; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 sand HM stockpiled from past production of silica sand. Anstett, 1986; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Roskill, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 40 km NW of Chongju. Deposit is inland and believed to be a river placer. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 J. Hedrick, 2002, written commun. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Nokleberg and others, 1997 Ayer, Kuning & Kampar J. Hedrick, 2002, written commun. alluvial sand ESCAP, 1998 black sands in alluvial and terrace material King, 1991 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Deposit type classification in uncertain. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 river sand River plain. Deposit averages 5 m thick. Towner, 1992; Towner and others, 1988; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Mon occurs in stream and probably in granite. ESCAP, 1998 Deposit is inland and believed to be a river placer. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 State-owned Hedrick and Templeton, 1991 Mixed beach and river placers on coastal plain. Hedrick and Templeton, 1991; Towner and others, Page 156

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location PLACER, Uncertain origin Bangalore India Mysore/ Bangalore Careacu Brazil Minas Gerais 22-02S 45-42W NIMA, 2001 2500 t mon (1987) Jackson and Christiansen, Chilka Lake India Orissa 19-46N 85-20E NIMA, 2001 Cordislandia Brazil Minas Gerais 8200 t mon (1987) Jackson and Christiansen, Cuxhaven Germany 10 Mt HM O'Driscoll, 1988 Gaya India Bihar/ Gaya 24-47N 85-00E NIMA, 2001 Hazaribagh India Bihar/ Hazaribagh Kembajan Mountains Indonesia Kalimantan Koraput India Orissa/ Koraput Sabarkantha India Gujarat/ Sabarkantha Sanbagoma Mauritania 15-35N 11-57W Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, Sinoe County Liberia 5-20N 8-40W NIMA, 2001 Visakhapatnam India Andra Pradesh 17-42N 83-18E NIMA, 2001 Tin fields Rwanda PLACER, Paleoplacer Archie Lake Canada Saskatchewan Baja Guainia area Colombia Bald Mountain USA Wyoming/Albany County 44-48N 10-48W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 18.1 Mt @ 0.13% mon or 0.077% REO (1983) Jackson and Christiansen, Elliott Lake (Blind River)- Denison Canada Ontario 46-29N 82-32W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 106 Mt @ 0.01% REO (1989) Jackson and Christiansen, Elliott Lake (Blind River)- Quirke-Panel Canada Ontario 46-30N 82-38W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 68.2 Mt @ 0.0073% REO (1989) Jackson and Christiansen, Elliott Lake (Blind River)- Stanleigh Canada Ontario 46-24N 82-38W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 49.9 Mt @ 0.0086% REO Jackson and Christiansen, Grass Creek area USA Wyoming/Hot Springs County Page 157

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name PLACER, Uncertain origin Bangalore Careacu Chilka Lake Cordislandia Cuxhaven Gaya Hazaribagh Kembajan Mountains Koraput Sabarkantha Sanbagoma Sinoe County Visakhapatnam Tin fields PLACER, Paleoplacer Archie Lake Baja Guainia area Bald Mountain Elliott Lake (Blind River)- Denison Elliott Lake (Blind River)- Quirke-Panel Elliott Lake (Blind River)- Stanleigh Grass Creek area Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Occurrence mon Occurrence mon mon ilm, rut, zir Occurrence mon mon? ilm, rut, zir Occurrence mon Occurrence mon zir Occurrence mon Occurrence mon zir Occurrence mon mon mon zir, ilm, rut, chr Occurrence mon ilm, zir mon Sn Occurrence mon ilm Archean Occurrence mon Precambrian Potential resource mon ilm, Au, zir, mag, hem qtz Middle Cambrian Past U producer with byproduct REE U-mon, bran uran, bran, zir, pyr, Th qtz Early Proterozoic Past U producer with byproduct REE U-mon, bran uran, bran, zir, pyr, Th qtz Early Proterozoic U producer; Potential REE resource U-mon, bran uran, bran, zir, pyr, Th qtz Early Proterozoic Occurrence mon zir, Nb, Ti, Th, U, V Cretaceous Page 158

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name PLACER, Uncertain origin Bangalore Careacu Chilka Lake Cordislandia Cuxhaven Gaya Hazaribagh Kembajan Mountains Koraput Sabarkantha Sanbagoma Sinoe County Visakhapatnam Tin fields PLACER, Paleoplacer Archie Lake Baja Guainia area Bald Mountain Elliott Lake (Blind River)- Denison Elliott Lake (Blind River)- Quirke-Panel Elliott Lake (Blind River)- Stanleigh Grass Creek area Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Lat-long is for town of Careacu. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Deposits on landward shore. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Mineral sands. O'Driscoll, 1988 Lat-long is for town of Gaya. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 In West Kalimantan. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 arenaceous sedimentary rock Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, 1987 General location for county. Roskill, 1988 Lat-long is for town of Visakhapatnam. ESCAP and ABMRGG, 1988 Mon is reportedly widespread in the tin fields of Rwanda. de Kun, 1987 gneiss A 5 to 6 m thick stratabound zone can be traced over a strike length of 600 m. 30 km ESE of Uranium City. Saskatchewan Geological Survey, 1991 quartzite Between Donaco and Santa Elena. USGS and INGEOMINAS, 1983 conglomerate Fossil fluvial placer. Little Big Horn River area. Two sites contain at least 1.0 kg mon/t of rock. Resource is poorly defined. Castor, 1994; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; King, quartz-pebble conglomerate Denison Mines and SM Yttrium Canada Ltd. (1988) Grauch classifies as U deposit; Mariano as a Proterozoic quartz-pebble conglomerate. Harben and Bates, 1990; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Mariano,1989; Möller, 1989a; Roskill, 1988 quartz-pebble conglomerate Rio Algom (1993) Grauch classifies as U deposit; Mariano as a Proterozoic quartz-pebble conglomerate. Harben and Bates, 1990; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Mariano,1989; Möller, 1989a; Roskill, 1988; Anstett, 1986 quartz-pebble conglomerate Rio Algom (1993) Uranium producer. Anstett, 1986; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Harben and Bates, 1990; Mariano,1989; Möller, 1989a; Roskill, 1988 Mesaverde Formationradioactive black sandstone Paleo-beach placers. North segment- T46N R98W secs. 8, 9, 16. King, 1991 Page 159

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location McLean Lake Canada Saskatchewan Oak Grove USA Tennessee 36-23N 88-10W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Cocker, 1998 Onemile Creek area USA Wyoming/Carbon County Wheeler River Canada Alberta Witwatersrand South Africa Williams Lake- Maw zone Canada Saskatchewan Estimate-- 0.336 Mt @ 0.25% Y2O3 Saskatchewan Geological Survey, 1991 PHOSPHORITE Abu Tartar Egypt Western Desert 25-26N 30-02E USGS, 2000, MASMILS database >0.2% REE Blackfoot Bridge USA Idaho 42-07N 111-31W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 5.9 Mt @ 0.16% mon (1984) Jackson and Christiansen, Bofal-Loubboira (Wadi Guellouar) Mauritania 16-25N 13-45W Boujo and Jiddou, Caldwell Canyon USA Idaho 42-44N 111-22W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 11 Mt @ 0.155% mon (1984) Jackson and Christiansen, Champ USA Idaho 42-40N 111-16W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Conda USA Idaho 42-44N 111-32W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Dnieprodzerzhinsk Ukraine Dnepropetrovsk Oblast Gay and South Forty USA Idaho 43-03N 112-07W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 18 Mt @ 0.1% mon (1989) Jackson and Christiansen, Henry USA Idaho 42-53N 111-28W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 0.847 Mt @ 0.189% mon (1989) Jackson and Christiansen, Husky USA Idaho 42-42N 111-15W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 23 Mt @ 0.16% mon (1989) Jackson and Christiansen, Kunyang China Yunnan 24-40N 102-35E 0.05% REO, 8-25% P2O5 Wu and others, 1996 Maybe Canyon (Maybie) USA Idaho 42-45N 111-18W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 6.35 Mt @ 0.16% mon (1989) Jackson and Christiansen, Mountain Fuel USA Idaho 42-39N 111-17W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 5.4 Mt @ 0.166% mon (1989) Jackson and Christiansen, North Henry USA Idaho 42-54N 111-30W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 3.2 Mt @ 0.119% REO (1985) Jackson and Christiansen, Schevchenko Kazakhstan Page 160

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name McLean Lake Oak Grove Onemile Creek area Wheeler River Witwatersrand Williams Lake- Maw zone PHOSPHORITE Abu Tartar Blackfoot Bridge Bofal-Loubboira (Wadi Guellouar) Caldwell Canyon Champ Conda Dnieprodzerzhinsk Gay and South Forty Henry Husky Kunyang Maybe Canyon (Maybie) Mountain Fuel North Henry Schevchenko Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Occurrence xen cly Occurrence mon ilm, zir, leu, rut, kya sta, tour, cly Late Cretaceous Occurrence U-thor, bran? cof, tgum Early Proterozoic xen mon Au, uran Occurrence Y + HREE tour, qtz Active P mine coll, carbonate-fapa, carbonatehapa, wav, pyr, mar, Mn-apa dol, ank, mont, cal, gyp-anhy, Fe oxides, gla, qtz, carbonaceous matter Late Cretaceous Occurrence mon coll, van, uran, pyr cly Permian Occurrence Middle Eocene Occurrence mon coll, van, uran, pyr cly Permian Occurrence mon coll, van, uran, pyr cly Permian mon coll, van, uran, pyr cly Permian Producer U, P Occurrence mon coll, van, uran, pyr cly Permian Past byproduct producer? mon coll, van, uran, pyr cly Permian Occurrence mon coll, van, uran, pyr cly Permian Occurrence coll, mon var cld, cal, cly Cambrian Past byproduct producer? mon coll, van, uran, pyr cly Permian Occurrence mon coll, van, uran, pyr cly Permian Occurrence mon coll, van, uran, pyr cly Permian Byproduct producer of Eu (1995) U, P Page 161

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name McLean Lake Oak Grove Onemile Creek area Wheeler River Witwatersrand Williams Lake- Maw zone PHOSPHORITE Abu Tartar Blackfoot Bridge Bofal-Loubboira (Wadi Guellouar) Caldwell Canyon Champ Conda Dnieprodzerzhinsk Gay and South Forty Henry Husky Kunyang Maybe Canyon (Maybie) Mountain Fuel North Henry Schevchenko Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES Athabasca Group sandstone Above McLean Lake U deposits. Xenotime masses contain ama 10 % Y. Saskatchewan Geological Survey, 1991 McNairy Formation-sand Ethyl Corp. (1989) Wilcox, 1971; Cocker, 1998 Magnolia Formationconglomerate, quartzite T18N R78W sec 6 and N/2 sec 7. King, 1991 Athabasca Group sandstone HREE-U concentrations. Castor, 1994 conglomerate Au-U mining. Möller, 1989a Athabasca Group sandstone Saskatchewan Geological Survey, 1991 Duwi (Phosphate) Formation REE is potential byproduct. Hussein and El Sharkawi, 1990; de Kun, 1987; Schroter, 1989; British Sulphur Corporation, 1987; Industrial Minerals, 1995 mudstone ≈ 0.1% REE in P ore. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 limestone; clay; red sandstones Boujo and Jiddou, 1989; de Kun, 1987 mudstone ≈ 0.1% REE in P ore. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 mudstone ≈ 0.1% REE in P ore. Phosphate mining ceased in 1986. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 mudstone ≈ 0.1% REE in P ore. Phosphate mining ceased in 1984. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Uraniferous phosphorites. Will and others, 1995 mudstone ≈ 0.1% REE in P ore. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 mudstone ≈ 0.12% REE in P ore. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 mudstone ≈ 0.1% REE in P ore. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 phosphate rock Wu and others, 1996 mudstone ≈ 0.1% REE in P ore. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 mudstone ≈ 0.1% REE in P ore. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 mudstone ≈ 0.1% REE in P ore. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Uraniferous phosphorite deposit. Eu produced as a coproduct of uranium production. Will and others, 1995 Page 162

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Smoky Canyon USA Idaho 42-43N 111-08W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 35.5 Mt @ 0.158% mon (1989) Jackson and Christiansen, Swan Lake Gulch USA Idaho 42-38N 111-25W 63 Mt ore measured + indicated U.S. Geological Survey, 1975 Trail Creek USA Idaho 42-44N 111-25W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 27 Mt @ 0.159% mon (1984) Jackson and Christiansen, Wooley Valley USA Idaho 42-50N 111-24W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Xinhua China Guizhou/Zhijin 26-42N 105-45E NIMA, 2000 0.08-0.2% REO Wu, 1998 Zhijin China Guizhou 26-41N 105-37E 0.05% REO, 8-25% P2O5 Wu and others, 1996 OTHER- Bauxite-or laterite-hosted Lake Innes Australia New South Wales 31-30S 152-53E Australia National Mapping Agency, 2001, accessed at URL ://www.auslig.go v.au/mapping 12.4 Mt @.004% Sc Hedrick, 1998 Xiuwen China Guizhou 26-51N 106-35E NIMA, 2001 0.1-0.2% REO, 55-80% Al2O3 Wu and others, 1996 OTHER- F Deposits Rexspar (Birch Island) Canada British Columbia Buffalo Fluorspar South Africa Transvaal 24-30S 28-30E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 50 Mt @ 1% mon (1989) Jackson and Christiansen, Encantada-Buena Vista area Mexico Coahuila 28-30N 102-30W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Fatima area Mexico Coahuila 28-33N 102-31W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Gallinas Mountains USA New Mexico 34-12N 105-44W Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 0.046 Mt @ 2.95% REO (1983) Jackson and Christiansen, Naboomspruit South Africa Snowbird United States Montana 46-47N 144-47W Metz and others, Page 163

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Smoky Canyon Swan Lake Gulch Trail Creek Wooley Valley Xinhua Zhijin OTHER- Bauxite-or laterite-hosted Lake Innes Xiuwen OTHER- F Deposits Rexspar (Birch Island) Buffalo Fluorspar Encantada-Buena Vista area Fatima area Gallinas Mountains Naboomspruit Snowbird Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Byproduct producer? mon coll, van, uran, pyr cly Permian Potential producer coll, V, U, F cly Permian Occurrence mon coll, van, uran, pyr cly Permian Past byproduct producer? mon coll, van, uran, pyr cly Permian coll, mon Early Cambrian Occurrence coll, mon var cld, cal, cly Cambrian Occurrence Occurrence dsp, gib, rut, ana, zir, tit tour, kao, chl, musc, epi, gar Occurrence mon, all, bas flu, apa Middle Proterozoic Producer of F flu, Sr Small past producer of Sr and RE? flu, str cal Late Oligocene? Very small past producer bas flu, gal, mal, Cu-sulfides, pyr qtz, cly Permian Small byproduct producer mon Occurrence par, xen flu, qtz Page 164

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Smoky Canyon Swan Lake Gulch Trail Creek Wooley Valley Xinhua Zhijin OTHER- Bauxite-or laterite-hosted Lake Innes Xiuwen OTHER- F Deposits Rexspar (Birch Island) Buffalo Fluorspar Encantada-Buena Vista area Fatima area Gallinas Mountains Naboomspruit Snowbird Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES mudstone P mine. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 phosphatic shale, shale, limestone Production planned for 2004. U.S. Geological Survey, 1975 mudstone ≈ 0.1% REE in P ore. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 mudstone ≈ 0.11% REE in P ore. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 black shale, phosphorite, siliceous sediments, carbonate REE present as isomorphous replacements in collophane. Wen Lu, 1998; Li and others, 1996 phosphate rock Wu and others, 1996 laterite Ni-Co-Sc laterite deposit formed from weathering of a serpentine. Hedrick, 1998 bauxite Bauxites occur at bottom of lower Carboniferous strata overlying Cambrian dolomites. Wu and others, 1996 See description under Alkaline deposits. granite Veins in leptite pendants of the Bushveld Granite. Neary and Highley, 1984; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Gieré, 1996; Watson and Snyman, 1975 limestone, shale U.S. Geological Survey, 2001, Mineral Resources Data System limestone with associated rhyolite porphyry U.S. Geological Survey, 2001, Mineral Resources Data System sandstone About 65 t of bas concentrate produced in the 1950's from Cu-F veins and breccia fillings probably associated with alkalic trachyte. Castor, 1994; Möller, 1989a; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Gieré, 1996 Harben and Kuzvart, 1996; Castor, 1994 Hydrothermal fluorite and quartz-bearing carbonate veins. Metz and others, 1985 Page 165

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location OTHER - Pb Deposits Korsnas Mine Finland Total production-- 0.86 Mt @ 0.91% REO Neary and Highley, 1984 M'Fouati Congo (Zaire) OTHER - Uranium Deposits Agnew Lake Canada Ontario 16-22N 81-45W NIMA, 2001 Bancroft-Haliburton area Canada Ontario 45-30N 77-30W Woolley, 1987 Denison Canada Eagle Creek USAK 64-42N 162-46W Nokleberg and others, ama 2% REE in grab samples Nokleberg and others, 1997 Mary Kathleen Australia Queensland 20-44S 140-01E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 6.8 Mt tailings @ 4% REO (1990) Jackson and Christiansen, McArthur River Canada Saskatchewan 57-45N 106-00W Fayek and Kyser, Port Pirie (Radium Hill) Australia South Australia 33-12S 138-00E Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Wheeler River Canada Alberta OTHER-- Uncertain Alto Ligonha Mozambique 15-45S 39-00E U.S. Bureau of Mines, Baima China Guangxi/Luchuan Boorama Somalia 10-03N 43-05E Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, Changling China Jiangxi Dalucao China Sichuan Dongqing China Jilin/Antu Duémé Benin Page 166

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name OTHER - Pb Deposits Korsnas Mine M'Fouati OTHER - Uranium Deposits Agnew Lake Bancroft-Haliburton area Denison Eagle Creek Mary Kathleen McArthur River Port Pirie (Radium Hill) Wheeler River OTHER-- Uncertain Alto Ligonha Baima Boorama Changling Dalucao Dongqing Duémé Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Past byproduct producer (1988) mon gal, apa cal, fld, dio Precambrian Occurrence Pb all U, Th, apa, cor, fld, mag, mica, flu, gar, gra, mlyb, sod, dol, tlc alb, pyx, bio, qtz, sca U producer; Potential REE resource ves U, Th Past Producer w/ reserves all, stil uran, uph, gar, fapa, pyr, cpyr, pyrh Precambrian Occurrence uran, xen Potential producer dav, xen uran, rut, zir, Sc, ilm, mag, pyr, cpyr Occurrence U Nb, Ta, gemstones Occurrence pyro pyro, Ta mon Page 167

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name OTHER - Pb Deposits Korsnas Mine M'Fouati OTHER - Uranium Deposits Agnew Lake Bancroft-Haliburton area Denison Eagle Creek Mary Kathleen McArthur River Port Pirie (Radium Hill) Wheeler River OTHER-- Uncertain Alto Ligonha Baima Boorama Changling Dalucao Dongqing Duémé Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES gneiss, skarn Outokumpu Oy (1988) Vein cuts mica gneiss. Roskill, 1988; Neary and Highley, 1984; Gieré, 1996; Isokangas, 1978 Roskill, 1988 Uranium deposit with associated rare earths. 65 km east of Elliot Lake. Roskill, 1988 alkaline syenite, mafic alkaline rocks, alkaline granite Location is generalized. Uranium deposit with associated rare earths. Roskill, 1988; Woolley, 1987 Denison Mines Ltd. (1986) Anstett, 1986 pulaskite dikes in Cretaceous granitic pluton, marble, and schist U, Th, and REE minerals along margins of alkaline dikes. Nokleberg and others, 1997 skarn, calc-silicate metasediments, granite Ore ran 35% all, 40% garnet, 10% apatite. Production of uranium ceased in 1982. Harben and Bates, 1990; Neary and Highley, 1984; Möller, 1989a; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Gieré, Y and HREE substitute in uraninite. Xenotime is found in Athabasca Sandstone. Fayek and Kyser, 1997 uranium tails Tails from Radium Hill U mining operations which exploited veins in Precambrian gneiss and schist cut by intrusives. Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Möller, 1989a; Dreissen, 1990 sandstone REE associated with sandstone U deposits. Harben and Kuzvart, 1996 Location is very approximate. U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1991 Wen Lu, 1998 Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, 1987 Wen Lu, 1998 In Dechang. Shi Zemin and Li Xiaoyu, 1995 Wen Lu, 1998 de Kun, 1987 Page 168

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Fremont Butte USA Wyoming/Sublette County Gangkou China Hunan/Yueyang Grenville Canada Hueyang Mine China Hunan Jabal Ar Rabuts Saudi Arabia 25-35N 41-03E Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, Jabal Awja Saudi Arabia 25-50N 41-01E Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, Jabal Ebed Saudi Arabia 25-57N 40-53E Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, Jabal Kuara Saudi Arabia 25-47N 40-55E Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, Kavaronge Congo (Zaire) Kutessiask Kyrgyzstan Little Friar Mountain USA Virginia 37-46N 79-06W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Marhuanta Venezuela Bolivar 7-05N 63-31W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Mengwang China Yunan/Menghai Moshikeng China Guangdong/Puning 29-55N 121-15E NIMA, 2001 Nanshanxia China Guangdong/Yangxi No. 101 China Shandong/Lingyi Owella Estate (Matale) Sri Lanka Rodeo de Los Molles Argentina Ryunan China Jiangxi San Antonio Venezuela Bolivar 7-44-35N 63-34-30W USGS, 2000, MRDS database Sanlangyan China Hunan/Huarong 29-39N 112-47E NIMA, 2001 Sao Sebastio da Bela Vista Brazil Minas Gerais 4100 t mon (1987) Jackson and Christiansen, Saulia Congo (Zaire) 02-55S 25-45E est. from de Kun, Shuitai China Guangxi/Shanglin Sudbury Canada Ontario Tanmen China Hainan/Lingshui Page 169

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Fremont Butte Gangkou Grenville Hueyang Mine Jabal Ar Rabuts Jabal Awja Jabal Ebed Jabal Kuara Kavaronge Kutessiask Little Friar Mountain Marhuanta Mengwang Moshikeng Nanshanxia No. 101 Owella Estate (Matale) Rodeo de Los Molles Ryunan San Antonio Sanlangyan Sao Sebastio da Bela Vista Saulia Shuitai Sudbury Tanmen Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy Occurrence Late Archean Occurrence all Th Occurrence all Nb, Ta Occurrence mon Th Occurrence all Th mon Sn Producer Y-syn Occurrence Ta, Nb, fld Precambrian Occurrence Proterozoic all Occurrence bri, all apa Occurrence Occurrence mon Small producer (1987) Eu-mon Sn Ni Page 170

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Fremont Butte Gangkou Grenville Hueyang Mine Jabal Ar Rabuts Jabal Awja Jabal Ebed Jabal Kuara Kavaronge Kutessiask Little Friar Mountain Marhuanta Mengwang Moshikeng Nanshanxia No. 101 Owella Estate (Matale) Rodeo de Los Molles Ryunan San Antonio Sanlangyan Sao Sebastio da Bela Vista Saulia Shuitai Sudbury Tanmen Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES granitoid Mineralization along cracks and veins; fault and shear-zone related. T32N R107W sec. 21, NW/4. King, 1991 Wen Lu, 1998 Soquem (1988) Roskill, 1988 Roskill, 1988 Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, 1987 Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, 1987 Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, 1987 Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, 1987 de Kun, 1987 Will and others, 1995 hypersthene granite Deposit is described as disseminated, stratabound. U.S. Geological Survey, 2001, Mineral Resources Data System Wen Lu, 1998 Lat-long is for the town of Moshikeng. Wen Lu, 1998 Wen Lu, 1998 Wen Lu, 1998 Allanite contains 15-20% REE. ESCAP, 1989 granite Described as a hydrothermal replacement deposit. Gieré, 1996 Roskill, 1988 Ministerio de Minas e Hidrocarburos, 1959 Lat-long is for the town of Sanlangyan. Wen Lu, 1998 Jackson and Christiansen, 1993 Has produced mon. de Kun, 1987 Wen Lu, 1998 REE associated with nickel deposits. Harben and Kuzvart, 1996 Wen Lu, 1998 Page 171

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT Resources TYPE Deposit or district name Country State or Province Latitude Longitude Source Tonnage and grade Source & Date of

Location Taohualashan China 39-00N 101-20E Zhang Peishan and others, 1995 Umgabab South Africa Unsan North Korea Urumqi China Gansu Wadi el Sahrm Egypt 24-44N 35-01E Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, Wuzhou China Guangxi/Hexian 23-29N 111-19E NIMA, 2001 Xing'an China 45-10N 120-30E Zhang Peishan and others, 1995 Xueshan China Guangdong/Xinfeng Page 172

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Taohualashan Umgabab Unsan Urumqi Wadi el Sahrm Wuzhou Xing'an Xueshan Geochronology STATUS REE Mineralogy Other Ore or Significant Minerals Gangue and Rock-forming Minerals Age (method, mineral, rock) Mineralogy bio, cal Precambrian? Past small producer mon Occurrence all hing, mon pyro, col, gad, zir qtz, fld, rie, pyx Jurassic-Cretaceous Page 173

Appendix A. REE Deposits USGS OF02-189 DEPOSIT TYPE Deposit or district name Taohualashan Umgabab Unsan Urumqi Wadi el Sahrm Wuzhou Xing'an Xueshan Host Company COMMENTS REFERENCES marble, calcite biotite schist, dolomitic marble Marble has sedimentary characteristics. Deposit has been classified as metasedimentary, "marine facies volcanosedimentary carbonatite", and hydrothermal origin. Zhang Peishan and others, 1995 40 km S of Durban. Roskill, 1988 Deposit is a gold mine. Roskill, 1988 Harben and Bates, 1990 Arab Organisation for Mineral Resources, 1987 Wen Lu, 1998 alkaline granite; hornfels, tuff Zhang Peishan and others, 1995 Wen Lu, 1998 Page 174